tutorial guide autogrid 82 1 advanced-acrov5

N U M E R I C A L M E C H A N I C S A P P L I C A T I O N S

Advanced TutorialsAutoGrid™ v8

- October 2007 -

N U M E R I C A L M E C H A N I C S A P P L I C A T I O N S

Advanced TutorialsAutoGrid™ v8.c

Documentation v8.c

NUMECA International

5, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt

1050 Brussels

Belgium

Tel: +32 2 647.83.11

Fax: +32 2 647.93.98

Web: http://www.numeca.com

Contents

Tutorials i

TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION

TUTORIAL 1: Meridional Effect 1-1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1-1.1 Introduction 1-1 1-1.2 Prerequisites 1-2 1-1.3 Problem Description 1-2 1-1.4 Preparation 1-21-2 MESH GENERATION 1-4 1-2.1 Create Mesh Project 1-4 1-2.2 Load Geometry & Define Main Properties 1-4 1-2.3 Set Default Topology 1-7 1-2.4 Meridional Control 1-9 1-2.5 Blade-to-Blade Control 1-11 1-2.6 Meridional Effect Generation 1-14 1-2.7 3D Mesh Generation 1-22 1-2.8 3D Mesh Visualization 1-23 1-2.9 Check Boundary Conditions & Mesh Quality 1-23 1-2.10 Save Project 1-26 1-2.11 Periodic Full Non Matching Connection 1-26 1-2.12 Full Matching Connection 1-28

TUTORIAL 2: Non-Axisymmetric Hub/Shroud 2-1 INTRODUCTION 2-1 2-1.1 Introduction 2-1 2-1.2 Prerequisites 2-2 2-1.3 Problem Description 2-2 2-1.4 Preparation 2-22-2 MESH GENERATION 2-4 2-2.1 Create Mesh Project 2-4 2-2.2 Load Geometry & Define Main Properties 2-4 2-2.3 Set Default Topology 2-11 2-2.4 Meridional Control 2-13 2-2.5 Blade-to-Blade Control 2-14 2-2.6 3D Mesh Generation 2-17 2-2.7 3D Mesh Visualization 2-18 2-2.8 Check Boundary Conditions & Mesh Quality 2-19 2-2.9 Save Project 2-21

ii Tutorials

Contents

TUTORIAL 3: Bypass Configuration 3-1 INTRODUCTION 3-1 3-1.1 Introduction 3-1 3-1.2 Prerequisites 3-2 3-1.3 Problem Description 3-2 3-1.4 Preparation 3-23-2 MESH GENERATION 3-4 3-2.1 Create Mesh Project 3-4 3-2.2 Load Geometry & Define Main Properties 3-4 3-2.3 Set Default Topology 3-9 3-2.4 Meridional Control 3-11 3-2.5 Blade-to-Blade Control 3-16 3-2.6 3D Mesh Generation 3-19 3-2.7 3D Mesh Visualization 3-20 3-2.8 Check Boundary Conditions & Mesh Quality 3-20 3-2.9 Save Project 3-22

TUTORIAL 4: Tandem Row 4-1 INTRODUCTION 4-1 4-1.1 Introduction 4-1 4-1.2 Prerequisites 4-2 4-1.3 Problem Description 4-2 4-1.4 Preparation 4-24-2 MESH GENERATION 4-4 4-2.1 Create Mesh Project 4-4 4-2.2 Load Geometry & Define Main Properties 4-4 4-2.3 Set Default Topology 4-7 4-2.4 Meridional Control 4-8 4-2.5 Blade-to-Blade Control 4-9 4-2.6 3D Mesh Generation 4-12 4-2.7 3D Mesh Visualization 4-13 4-2.8 Check Boundary Conditions & Mesh Quality 4-14 4-2.9 Save Project 4-16

Contents

Tutorials iii

TUTORIAL 5: Cascade Configuration 5-1 INTRODUCTION 5-1 5-1.1 Introduction 5-1 5-1.2 Prerequisites 5-2 5-1.3 Problem Description 5-2 5-1.4 Preparation 5-25-2 MESH GENERATION 5-4 5-2.1 Create Mesh Project 5-4 5-2.2 Load Geometry & Define Main Properties 5-4 5-2.3 Set Default Topology 5-9 5-2.4 Meridional Control 5-10 5-2.5 Blade-to-Blade Control 5-11 5-2.6 3D Mesh Generation 5-15 5-2.7 3D Mesh Visualization 5-15 5-2.8 Check Boundary Conditions & Mesh Quality 5-16 5-2.9 Save Project 5-18

TUTORIAL 6: Fin on Fan 6-1 INTRODUCTION 6-1 6-1.1 Introduction 6-1 6-1.2 Prerequisites 6-2 6-1.3 Problem Description 6-2 6-1.4 Preparation 6-26-2 MESH GENERATION 6-4 6-2.1 Create Mesh Project 6-4 6-2.2 Load Geometry & Define Main Properties 6-4 6-2.3 Set Default Topology 6-11 6-2.4 Meridional Control 6-12 6-2.5 Blade-to-Blade Control 6-14 6-2.6 3D Mesh Generation 6-17 6-2.7 3D Mesh Visualization 6-18 6-2.8 Check Boundary Conditions & Mesh Quality 6-19 6-2.9 Save Project 6-21

iv Tutorials

Contents

TUTORIAL 7: 3D Technological Effect - Casing Treatment 7-1 INTRODUCTION 7-1 7-1.1 Introduction 7-1 7-1.2 Prerequisites 7-2 7-1.3 Problem Description 7-2 7-1.4 Preparation 7-27-2 MESH GENERATION 7-4 7-2.1 Open Existing Mesh Project 7-4 7-2.2 Adapt Mesh Project 7-4 7-2.3 3D Technological Effect Generation 7-7 7-2.4 Save Project 7-17

Tutorials 1

What’s in This Guide ?

This Tutorial Guide contains a number of advanced tutorials driving the user in AutoGrid™ v8 tomesh different internal turbomachinery configurations. In each tutorial, specific features related tomesh generation are demonstrated.

Advanced Tutorials are detailed tutorials designed to introduce specific features available withinAutoGrid™ v8. These tutorials provide explicit instructions for all steps of the mesh generationprocess. Advanced Tutorials do require as pre-requisite the knowledge of the mesh generation proc-ess presented in basic tutorials 1 to 7, and can be treated separately, in any order. They address dif-ferent types of features available on both axial and centrifugal compressors, pumps and turbines.

Where to Find the Files Used in the Tutorials ?

Each of the mesh generation starts from an existing geometry. The appropriate files (and any otherrelevant files used in the tutorial) are stored on AutoGrid™ v8 DVD-ROM, more precisely in the /DOC/_Tutorials/AutoGrid/_advanced directory.

How to Use this Guide ?

Depending upon your familiarity with computational fluid dynamics and your interest in some par-ticular configuration, you can use this tutorial guide in a variety of ways.

For the Beginner

If you are beginning user of AutoGrid™, you should first read and solve basic tutorials 1 to 7, inorder to familiarize yourself with the interface and basis of the mesh generation technique. You maythen want to concentrate on a advanced tutorial that demonstrates features that you are going toresolve. For example, if you are planning to mesh a seal leakage, you should look at AdvancedTutorial 1.

For the Experienced User

If you are an experienced user of AutoGrid™, you can read and/or solve the advanced tutorial(s)that demonstrate features that you are going to resolve. For example, if you plan to mesh a turboma-chine presenting a non-axisymmetric hub, you should look at Advanced Tutorial 2.

2 Tutorials

Conventions Used in this Guide

Several conventions are used in the tutorials to facilitate your learning process.

Following a short introduction, each tutorial is divided into sections respectively related to the meshgeneration steps from the geometry definition to the 3D mesh generation.

Inputs required to execute the tutorials are restricted to the geometry, either in a ".geomTurbo" orCAD related format.

The sequence of actions to be executed are described through a step-by-step approach, in the formof arabic numbers.

Additional insight about some specific actions and/or features is frequently added to illustrate thetutorial further. This information is proposed for the purpose of clarity and completeness, andshould not be executed. It appears in italicized type.

Contact NUMECA support team at +32-2-647.83.11 or send an e-mail to [email protected] for any question or information you may require. To allowNUMECA support to help you out within the shortest delays, please provide adetailed description of the observed behaviour and performed analysis.

Tutorials 1-1

TUTORIAL 1: Meridional Effect

1-1 Introduction

1-1.1 Introduction

The resolution of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) problems involves three main steps:

• spatial discretization of the flow equations

• flow computation

• visualization of the results

To answer these questions, NUMECA has developed a Flow INtegrated Environment for internaland Turbomachinery assimilations. Called FINE™/Turbo, the environment integrates the followingtools:

• IGG™ is an Interactive Geometry modeler and Grid generator software, based on structuredmulti-block techniques

• AutoGrid™ is a three-dimensional Automated Grid generation software, dedicated to turboma-chinery applications. Similarly to IGG™, it is based on structured multi-block techniques

• Euranus is a state-of-the-art multi-block flow solver, able to simulate Euler and Navier-Stokesequations in the laminar, transitional and turbulent regimes

• CFView™ is a highly interactive flow visualization and post-treatment software

• FINE™ Graphical User Interface is a user-friendly environment that includes the different soft-wares. It integrates the concept of projects and allows the user to achieve complete simulations,going from the grid generation to the flow visualization, without the need of file manipulation

A turbomachine is a device in which the energy is transferred either to or from a continuously flow-ing fluid by the dynamic action of one or more moving blade rows. It plays a major role in particu-lar in aircraft, marine space (liquid rockets), land propulsion system but also in hydraulic, gas andsteam turbines applications. It is also involved in industrial pipeline and processing equipment suchas gas, petroleum and water pumping plants. Other applications can be related to heart-assistpumps, industrial compressors and refrigeration plants, among others.

The turbomachinery field includes turbines, pumps, fans, compressors. A turbomachine is com-posed of several basic elements including the blade (also called vane if it is non-rotating), hub, andshroud. Several technological effects involving clearances, seal leakages and cooling holes among

Meridional Effect Introduction

1-2 Tutorials

others can complete the machine. Due to the complexity of the blade shapes, the presence of tech-nological elements and the rotation of machine, the nature of the flow is strongly three-dimensional,often depicting complex flow paths.

This tutorial is particularly adapted to the mesh generation of seal leakages in turbomachineryapplications. It makes exclusive use of AutoGrid™ v8 and describes the main actions required tomesh the configuration of interest.

In this tutorial you will learn how to:

• Read an existing geometrical file into AutoGrid™ v8;

• Control meridional flow paths and blade-to-blade mesh;

• Generate and control the mesh in the seal leakage;

• Control the quality of the mesh in the blade-to-blade and 3D mesh.

1-1.2 Prerequisites

This tutorial does not require any particular prerequisite but it is strongly recommended for begin-ners to perform the basic tutorials 1 to 7.

1-1.3 Problem Description

The problem to be considered is shown schematically here below (meridional view). The projectconsists in the mesh generation of a seal leakage on the top of the Aachen turbine rotor treated as anisolated axial-flow wheel.

1-1.4 Preparation

• Copy the files located in cdrom:\DOC\_Tutorials\AutoGrid\_advanced\Tutorial_1 to yourworking directory, where cdrom must be replaced by the name of your DVD-ROM.

• Start AutoGrid™ v8.x

For LINUX and UNIX systems, you can access AutoGrid™ v8.x graphical user interfacewith the following command line

igg -niversion 8x -print or igg -niversion autogrid8x -print

Introduction Meridional Effect

Tutorials 1-3

For WINDOWS systems, you can access AutoGrid™ v8.x graphical user interface from thestart menu going to /Programs/NUMECA software/fine8x/IGG or /Programs/NUMECAsoftware/autogrid8x/IGG

• Access the menu Modules, select AutoGrid and confirm "yes" to enter AutoGrid™ v8. You’renow ready to start the grid generation process and mesh the configuration presenting a seal leak-age!

AutoGrid™ v8 graphical user interface includes several windows that allow to visualize the geom-etry and mesh of the turbomachine simultaneously in the meridional, blade-to-blade and 3D view.The access to main menu and controls is proposed through a menu bar and a quick access pad, andis completed with a tool/icon bar. The execution of the different actions undertaken is summarizedin the message box at the bottom of the interface.

4

Meridional Effect Mesh Generation

1-4 Tutorials

1-2 Mesh GenerationA step by step approach is proposed in the following lines. It aims at driving you through the vari-ous steps that need to be executed from the creation of the mesh project to the validation of the finalmesh quality.

1-2.1 Create Mesh Project

1. Close the Open Turbo Project Wizard dialog box

2. Go to menu File -> New Project

3. Click yes to close the active project

4. Choose the icon Start a New Project From Scratch

The Open Turbo Project Wizard dialog box enables the user to retrieve a".trb" file (with associated grid) including the data required to regenerate amesh on an identical or similar geometry. In this tutorial, these data will beprogressively introduced based on the geometry of the project case.

1-2.2 Load Geometry & Define Main Properties

5. Click-left row1 in Rows Definition row 1 in the Quick Access Pad (QAP) to activatethe current row

6. Click-left in the meridional view

7. Go to Geometry Definition Import and Link CAD

Graphic window opens, allowing geometry import.

8. Click-left on File Open...

9. Select geometry.dat file from the file chooser

10. Define the hub curve

• Click-left on the hub as it turns to yellow

• Click-right and select Link to Hub

Hub curve is displayed in the meridional view.

Mesh Generation Meridional Effect

Tutorials 1-5

11. Define the shroud curve

• Click-left on the shroud as it turns to yellow

• Click-right and select Link to Shroud

Shroud curve is displayed in the meridional view.

12. Define the blade

• Click-left row1 in Rows Definition row 1 in the Quick Access Pad (QAP) to activatethe current row, if not done already

• Go to Geometry Select Surfaces

A message will prompt to select surfaces.

• Type key binding <a> twice to select all surfaces (they turn to red or yellow)

The binding key <a> acts as a toggle, activating or de-activating all surfaces.

The View/View Solid menu acts as a toggle and allows to visualize the sur-faces that are active.

• Click-right twice to quit surfaces selection and select Link to Blade

Blade is displayed in the meridional view.


1-6 Tutorials

13. Define leading edge and trailing edge


• Click-left at blade leading edge line definition, inside the Import CAD window

• As it turns yellow, click-right and select Link to Leading Edge

• Click-left at blade trailing edge line definition, inside the Import CAD window

• As it turns yellow, click-right and select Link to Trailing Edge

Leading and trailing edges are displayed in the meridional view.

When blade intersects hub and shroud, inlet and outlet are displayed in themeridional view.


Tutorials 1-7

14. Go to File -> Exit

15. Click-left on Rows Definition row 1 to activate row1

16. Click-right on row 1 to get the contextual menu and select Properties

17. Enter the Periodicity (number of blades). Left-click inside the string input area and type<41>, press <Enter> to confirm

18. Enter <-3500> in Rotation Speed (rpm)

This speed will be transferred to FINE™ graphical user interface and easethe input of boundary conditions later on.

The sign of the rotational speed is positive (+) when the blade row is rotating in the positive θ direction, and negative otherwise.

19. Select Rotor as a row type and Axial as a row orientation

The row type and row orientation settings are only information that will notimpact or control the mesh generation process.

20. Close the dialog box

1-2.3 Set Default Topology

21. Click-left on Rows Definition -> row 1 to activate the row, if not done already

22. Select Grid Level/Medium through Mesh Control in Quick Access Pad

23. Estimate the width of the first cell at the wall:

The width of the first cell close to the wall must be selected with care since thequality of the flow solution will often depend upon the capture of the flow phe-nomena inside the boundary layers which develop along the solid walls.Depending upon the turbulence model selected, NUMECA recommends tolocate the nearest grid point along the wall, at a distance that corresponds to


1-8 Tutorials

parietal coordinate y+ ranging from 1-5 (low Reynolds number models) or 30-50 (high Reynolds number models). Assuming thermal effects must be mod-

elled accurately, y+ can reach values as low as 0.1.

The relation between the parietal coordinate y+ and width of the first cellclose to the wall y is driven by the Blasius equation, expressed as follows forturbulent flows:

where:- ywall is the distance of the nearest grid point to the wall (in meter);

- Vref is a reference velocity of the flow, for instance the inlet velocity (in m/s);

- υ is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid (in m2/s), i.e. the dynamic viscositydivided by the density;- Lref is a reference length of the test case (in meter);

- y+ is a non-dimensional value.

In the present case, one can estimate that Vref=30 m/s; Lref=0.3m; υ=1.038e-5 m2/s Assum-

ing one wishes to get y+ =1 at the wall, it comes that y = 1 x 10-5 m. Input the value of theCell Width = <1e-5> <Enter> in Row Mesh Control.

24. Select (Re)set Default Topology in the toolbar and confirm (yes). This button will set themesh topology to the default skin-like topology


Tutorials 1-9

The default skin-topology includes 5 blocks as follows:

- the skin block is a O-mesh surrounding the blade- the inlet block is a H-mesh located upstream the leading edge - the outlet block is a H-mesh located downstream the trailing edge - the up block is a H-mesh located above the blade section- the down block is a H-mesh located under the blade section

1-2.4 Meridional Control

25. Move inlet and outlet locations

• Click-right on inlet curve when highlighted in yellow in the meridional view

• Select Properties

• Select Linear - Z constant, type <0.02>, press <Enter> to confirm

• Click-right on outlet curve when highlighted in yellow in meridional view


• Select Linear - Z constant, type <0.16>, press <Enter> to confirm

skin block

down block

outlet block

up block

inlet block


1-10 Tutorials

The new inlet and outlet locations are displayed in the meridional view.

You can access the control points of the inlet/outlet line and modify their loca-tion by dragging the points. The exact coordinates of the control points canalso be introduced with click-right on the control point; a dialog box appears,enabling the user to enter the point coordinates in (rz) mode.

You can access the properties of the inlet/outlet line by click-right on controlline when highlighted and selecting "Properties". The dialog box is divided intwo main parts. The first part allows to specify the reference frame. When it isset to "Relative", the control points are relative to a row and their referencedepends on the position of the control line. Either the control points are rela-tive to the row inlet and its blade leading edge, either to the leading and trail-ing edge, or to the blade trailing edge and the row outlet. The second part ofthe dialog box allows to control the properties of the meridional control linenamely the shape, the cell width, the streamwise index and the number ofpoints in streamwise direction.

26. Select (Re)set Default Topology in the toolbar and confirm (yes). This button will set themesh topology to the default skin-like topology based on the new inlet/outlet locations


Tutorials 1-11

27. Go to QAP Mesh Control

28. Modify the number of flow path as <33> <Enter>

29. Control flow paths if necessary through Mesh Control -> Row Mesh Control -> FlowPaths Control

The Expert section allows the user to control the visualization, the shape andthe parameters related to flow path smoothing. The meaning of these parame-ters is detailed in the user manual.

The Manual Edition mode allows the user to control directly the block faceswhich are used to construct flow paths. Edges can be moved, segments can becreated or modified and grid points distribution on segments can be control-led. More details can be found in the user manual.

30. Keep data identical

31. Click on Generate


1-2.5 Blade-to-Blade Control

33. Click on Generate B2B

34. Go to

Mesh Control Row Mesh Control B2B Mesh Topology Control Topology


1-12 Tutorials

By default, non-matching connections are applied at periodic boundaries.Matching connections at periodic boundaries can be obtained by activatingthe Matching Periodicity check button. Press Re(set) Default Topology to re-generate the mesh in the blade-to-blade plane.

In most cases, the presence of non-matching connections somehow improvesthe orthogonality in the overall mesh. This is especially true in highly stag-gered configurations.

35. Keep Matching Periodicity deactivated and all other data identical

In several turbomachinery types, the blades are highly staggered (AutomaticHigh Staggered Blade Detection within AutoGrid™). If the solid angle at theinlet (outlet) of the machine becomes greater than 450 and if the location ofthe inlet (outlet) limits of the domain is close to the leading edge (trailingedge) of the blades, then the default topology is not suitable anymore since thecells located near the inlet (outlet) boundary become very skewed. To improvethis unexpected behaviour, AutoGrid™ uses the High Staggered Blade Opti-mization.

36. Deactivate Topology option

37. Go to Mesh Control Row Mesh Control B2B Mesh Topology Control -> GridPoints to control the number of grid points in the blade-to-blade view

38. Click-left on the number of nodes, make the proper modification in the entry box and press<Enter> to confirm the modification

The number of points specified is recommended to be 4xn + 1 (where n is aninteger) to allow multigrid process on minimum 3 grid levels within FINE™.

39. Visualize the result in blade-to-blade view after selecting Generate B2B to regenerate theflow paths and the mesh in blade-to-blade plane.

40. Deactivate Grid Points option

41. Close the dialog box.

42. Go to Mesh Control -> Active B2B Layer to specify the flow path (layer) on which theblade-to-blade mesh will be plotted in the blade-to-blade view


Tutorials 1-13

By default, the active layer is the hub of the machine (Active Layer (%span)set to 0). The layer selected for visualization is defined in percentage of span,going from hub (0%) to shroud (100%).

43. Enter for example <50> <Enter> in order to visualize the mesh at 50% span

44. Select Generate B2B to regenerate the blade-to-blade mesh on new specified layer in theblade-to-blade view

Detailed analysis of mesh quality can be performed on Blade-to-Blade meshafter generation. Information on orthogonality, aspect ratio and expansionratio can be outlined in this window using the Type pull-down menu and plot-ted in the blade-to-blade view on active layer selected in Mesh Control/Active B2B Layer.

45. Check for grid quality by clicking on

46. Select quality criteria using the Type pull-down menu

47. Click-left on Show chart to visualize the distribution of selected criteria in the form of anhistogram. The histogram is drawn for each row

48. Click-left on part of the histogram to plot the concerned cells in blade-to-blade view

49. Click-left on More info button to obtain information about minimum and maximum valuesof the selected criteria


Click Left


1-14 Tutorials

51. Go to Mesh Control -> Row Mesh Control -> Optimization Control to adapt the meshoptimization parameters if necessary to enhance the quality of the mesh

Optimization is performed in the form of smoothing and is executed on eachlayer using multi-block elliptic techniques. The number of Optimization Stepsrepresents the number of iterations performed with the elliptic smoother. Bydefault, 100 iterations are applied.

52. Keep default Optimization Steps and all other data identical


1-2.6 Meridional Effect Generation

1-2.6.1 Configuration Control

54. Click-left on Rows Definition -> row 1 in the Quick Access Pad (QAP) to active thecurrent row, if not done already

55. Click on the button Add ZR Effect to add a meridional effect in the configuration

1-2.6.2 Geometry Definition

56. Click-left on Rows Definition -> zr techno effect 1 in the Quick Access Pad (QAP) if notactive already



58. Select the curves defining the active meridional effect

• Click-left and <Shift>-click-left on all the curve(s) as they turn to yellow


Tutorials 1-15

• Click-right and select Import Meridional

Curves defining the meridional effect are displayed in the meridional view.

Curves defining the meridional effects are specified in the ".geomTurbo" fileusing the basic curve format (see User Manual for more details).

AutoGrid™ provides also geometrical features used to create the solid body ofmeridional effects interactively. New polylines and C-splines can be createdusing respectively the Geometry Control subpad and the Geometry menu inthe meridional effect edition mode and the steps needed to create thesepolylines are stored in the ".trb" template file.

59. Click-left on Rows Definition -> zr techno effect 1 in the Quick Access Pad (QAP) if notactive already


1-16 Tutorials

60. Click-right on zr techno effect 1 to get the contextual menu and select Edit to access themeridional effect edition mode

When the meridional effect has several connections with the main blade chan-nel, i.e. a seal leakage have a connection upstream the blade and a connectiondownstream the blade. In this case the mesh created inside the domain of theeffect is divided into two part: one starting from the inlet and one startingfrom the outlet. At the middle part of the seal leakage, a separation line"rotor-stator" must be defined indicating the location of the division. At thisline, defined in the edition mode, the two part of the mesh will be connected bya periodic connection if the connections with the main blade channel arerelated to the same row or a rotor/stator interface if the connections with themain blade channel are related to different rows.

61. Click on Rotor-Stator Polyline in Geometry Control subpad to create a separation line

62. Click-left on location (yellow spot on existing curve) where the "rotor-stator" polyline willstart

63. Click-left on location (yellow spot on existing curve) where the "rotor-stator" polyline willend

64. Click-right to quit


Tutorials 1-17

No curves have to be added at the connection between the blade channel (hubor shroud) and the meridional effect. Automatically the hub and shroud curveswill be used as limit of the meridional effect.

1-2.6.3 Topology Control

The domain defining a technological effect must be filled by several structured2D blocks. The block edges are mapped on the geometry. The Topology Con-trol subpad provides the tools to create and control the blocks

65. Click-left on Insert New Block icon in the Topology Control subpad to start to fill thegeometry

66. Click-left to locate the first corner of the 2D block (yellow spot when attracted on existingcurve)

67. Click-left to locate the opposite corner of the 2D block

68. Click-left to create the 2D block

69. Click-left on vertex (when highlighted in yellow) of the 2D block to move it when neces-sary

70. Click-left to fix the new position of the vertex on the geometry

71. Repeat steps 69 and 70 for all vertices defining the 2D block

The tool Detect Unmapped Edges in the Topology Default subpad allows todetect if the 2D blocks are well mapping the geometry. In addition, when the

Click Left


1-18 Tutorials

vertex is highlighted, the curve on which it is mapped is mentioned in the infoarea at the bottom of the GUI.

72. Repeat steps 65 to 71 in order to fill the geometry defining the meridional effect whilerespecting the following rules:

• the 2D blocks inserted in the meridional effect have to present edges fully and not partlyconnected to another block edge when connected

• when the edge mapping is not performed as required, a vertex needs to be inserted

• a block connection must be established on the separation lines and the mapping of verticesrespected (no orphan vertices)

CORRECTWRONG

UndesiredMapping

CORRECT

separation line

WRONG

separation line

CORRECT


Tutorials 1-19

• the 2D blocks should be connected to the rotor/stator polyline with a complete face

• the 2D blocks should be connected to the shroud or hub with only one face

The blocks can be deleted by click-left on the icon .

73. Click on Detect Unmapped Edges in the Topology Default subpad to control that all theblocks are well mapped

separation line

CORRECT

separation line

WRONG

WRONG CORRECT

SHROUDSHROUD


1-20 Tutorials

The tool Detect Unmapped Edges in the Topology Default subpad allows tohighlight in green the edges that are not well mapped.

74. Click-right to quit the Detect Unmapped Edges tool

1-2.6.4 Mesh Control

The Topology Default subpad provides the tools to control the mesh of all theblocks filling the technological effect.

75. Keep the Cell Width = <1e-5> <Enter> (as the cell width imposed at step 23) and all otherdata identical

76. Deactivate Periodic Full Non Matching

The Optimization Steps represents the number of iterations performed withthe elliptic smoother.

The Radial Expansion and Far Field Smoothing Steps are used for externalcases as propeller or wind turbine applications.

The Maximum Expansion Ratio and Cst Cells Percentage control the meshthat will be generated when using Default Topology.

The Coarse Grid Level control the number of grid levels that will be availablewithin FINE™. A minimum of 3 is recommended.


Tutorials 1-21

77. Click on Default Topology in the Topology Default subpad to generate the mesh into themeridional effect (seal leakage)

If desired, the default topology can be modified by the user. When click-righton any edge, a popup menu allows to impose the number of points and thepoint distribution.

78. Click on Detect Channel FNMB Connection in the Topology Default subpad to visualizethe connections between the meridional effect and the channel

79. Click-right to quit the Detect Channel FNMB Connection tool

80. Click on Close Edition Mode

separation line

separation line


1-22 Tutorials

All the actions performed during an editing session are stored in the templatefile (".trb") and can be replayed on similar geometries.

1-2.7 3D Mesh Generation

81. Click-left on Rows Definition -> row 1 and zr techno effect 1 in the Quick Access Pad(QAP) to active the current row, if not done already

82. Click on the icon Generate 3D and confirm the generation

Once 3D grid generation is completed, grid quality is performed and dis-played. Minimum cells skewness, the maximum expansion ratio and aspectratio are reported, among others. Data are available for the entire mesh sepa-rately for every entity (row, technological effect, bulb). Data related to gridquality report are automatically stored in a report file, once the project file issaved.

83. Close the dialog box. This page can also be reopened by clicking on


Tutorials 1-23

1-2.8 3D Mesh Visualization


85. Click-right on row 1 and select Properties to activate Default in order to plot the full tur-bomachine

86. Click-right on row 1 and select Toggle 3D View to access the shaded blades in 3D view

87. Click-left in 3D view; the Quick Access Pad (QAP) is modified

88. Click-right to get the contextual menu and activate Full View

89. Use View menu in QAP or View/Patch Viewer... menu to toggle edge or mesh

1-2.9 Check Boundary Conditions & Mesh Quality

separation line


1-24 Tutorials

90. Check for boundary conditions by clicking on

91. Select UND under Type pull-down menu and check that no patches are in the patch list stillset with an undefined type

It is important to make sure that no undefined patches (UND) are present inthe mesh. In that case, these can usually be removed by increasing the toler-ance and launching the Search procedure.

92. Select Full Non Matching/Define... to visualize the FNMB that are automatically createdbetween the seal leakage (meridional effect) and the shroud of the channel

93. Close both dialog boxes


Tutorials 1-25

94. Check for negative cells by clicking on

95. Click on Apply

The computation of the negative volumes is performed first. Negative cells canbe outlined in the mesh pushing View neg cells button. Beware that the visual-ization of negative cells can be memory consuming when a large number ofcells must be displayed. It is then advised to first check the number of negativecells by pressing the Apply button.

It is mandatory to remove all negative cells before the calculation can bestarted.


Detailed analysis of mesh quality on 3D mesh (in blocks, at boundaries and atFNMB) can be performed only once the 3D mesh has been generated. Infor-mation on orthogonality, angular deviation, aspect ratio, expansion ratio andcell width can be outlined in this window using the Type pull-down menu.


98. Click-left on Show chart to visualize the distribution of selected criteria in the form of anhistogram. The histogram is drawn per block (0 = all blocks)

99. Click-left on part of the histogram to plot the concerned cells in the 3D view

Click Left


1-26 Tutorials

100.Click-left on More info button to obtain information about minimum and maximum val-ues of the selected criteria

101.Close the dialog box

1-2.10 Save Project

102. Go to File -> Save Project As <tutorial1> <Enter> to save mesh and template files

The mesh files (7 files) contain the multiblock mesh topology, geometry andgrid points and the boundary condition types: ".bcs", ".cgns", ".geom"(".xmt_txt"), ".igg", ".config" and ".qualityReport".The meaning of these filesis detailed in the user manual.

The template files (4 files) contain the parameters and the geometry needed toreproduced the mesh with AutoGrid™: ".geomTurbo" (".geom-Turbo.xmt_txt"), ".trb" and ".info". The meaning of these files is detailed inthe user manual.

1-2.11 Periodic Full Non Matching Connection

AutoGrid™ allows to define a straight meridional effect (periodic boundariesof meridional effect at constant θ) by introducing periodic full non matchingconnection with repetition between the meridional effect and the channel. Inmost cases, this capability improves the orthogonality in the overall mesh.This is especially true in highly staggered configurations.

103.Click-left on Rows Definition -> zr techno effect 1 in the Quick Access Pad (QAP) ifnot active already

104.Click-right on zr techno effect 1 to get the contextual menu and select Edit to access themeridional effect edition mode


Tutorials 1-27

105.Activate Periodic Full Non Matching

106.Click on Close Edition Mode

107.Click-left on Rows Definition -> row 1 and zr techno effect 1 in the Quick Access Pad(QAP) to active the current row, if not done already

108.Click on the icon Generate 3D and confirm the generation

109. Go to File -> Save Project As <tutorial1_per> <Enter> to save mesh and templatefiles


1-28 Tutorials

1-2.12 Full Matching Connection

AutoGrid™ allows to define a full matching connection between the meridi-onal effect and the channel by adding fixed control lines into the channel. Thiscapability required in most cases more points in the mesh and an orthogonal-ity that will not be improved in the overall mesh. This is especially true inhighly staggered configurations.

110.Select meridional view by click-left on it to active the view, if not done already

111.Select Mesh Control -> Row Mesh Control -> Add Z Constant Line to add z-constantlines to map the meridional effect

112.Click-left on shroud in the meridional view to add a z-constant line

113.Repeat step 112 three times to map all the limits of the connections of the meridional effectwith the channel

114.Click-right to quit the menu related to the creation of z-constant line

You can access the control points of the z-constant line and modify their loca-tion by click-left and dragging the points. The exact coordinates of the controlpoints can also be introduced with click-right on the control point; a dialogbox appears, enabling the user to enter the point coordinates in (rz) mode.

You can access the properties of the z-constant line by click-right on controlline when highlighted and selecting "Properties". The dialog box is divided intwo main parts. The first part allows to specify the reference frame. When it isset to "Relative", the control points are relative to a row and their referencedepends on the position of the control line. Either the control points are rela-tive to the row inlet and its blade leading edge, either to the leading and trail-ing edge, or to the blade trailing edge and the row outlet. The second part of

Click Left

Ctrl Line 1

Ctrl Line 1Ctrl Line 2 Ctrl Line 3 Ctrl Line 4


Tutorials 1-29

the dialog box allows to control the properties of the meridional control linenamely the shape, the cell width, the streamwise index and the number ofpoints in streamwise direction.

115.Click-right on first control line when highlighted in yellow

116. Select Properties

117.Activate Linear

118.Set the cell width to <1e-5><Enter>

119.Click-left on the three control lines and apply steps 117 and 118

120.Close dialog box

121.Click-left on Rows Definition -> row 1 in the Quick Access Pad (QAP) to active thecurrent row, if not done already

122.Select (Re)set Default Topology in the toolbar and confirm (yes). This button will set themesh topology to the default skin-like topology considering the four new control lines

In the blade-to-blade view, additional H-blocks are appearing.Furhermore, insome cases, the default topology may change from normal to high staggered(in this case the blade is high staggered at trailing edge).

Click Right


1-30 Tutorials

In the edition mode of the meridional effect, the type connection can be con-trolled.



125.Click on Detect Channel Matching Connection in the Topology Default subpad to visu-alize the connections between the meridional effect and the channel

126.Click-right to quit the Detect Channel Matching Connection tool

An additional control line needs to be added to define both matching connec-tions because the connection of the meridional effect with the channel close tothe trailing edge is defined by two blocks.

127.Click on Solid Polyline in Geometry Control subpad to create a separation line

128.Click-left on location (yellow spot on existing curve) where the "solid" polyline will start(at the connection between the two blocks)

Ctrl Line 1 Ctrl Line 2

Ctrl Line 3

Ctrl Line 4


Tutorials 1-31

129.Click-left on location (yellow spot on existing curve) where the "solid" polyline will end(anywhere in the channel)

This new solid polyline will allow the mapping of the new control line.

130.Click-right to quit


132.Select meridional view by click-left on it to active the view, if not done already

133.Select Mesh Control -> Row Mesh Control -> Add Z Constant Line to add z-con-stant lines to map the meridional effect

134.Click-left on shroud in the meridional view to add a z-constant line at the connection withthe channel close to the trailing edge (mapping on the new solid polyline)

135.Click-right on last control line when highlighted in yellow

136.Select Properties

137.Activate Linear

138.Set the cell width to <1e-5><Enter>

Click Left

Click Left


1-32 Tutorials

139.Close dialog box

140.Click-left on Rows Definition -> row 1 in the Quick Access Pad (QAP) to active thecurrent row, if not done already

141.Select (Re)set Default Topology in the toolbar and confirm (yes). This button will set themesh topology to the default skin-like topology considering the four new control lines

In the blade-to-blade view, one additional H-block is appearing between con-trol lines 3 and 5.

In the edition mode of the meridional effect, the type connection can be con-trolled.



144.Click on Detect Channel Matching Connection in the Topology Default subpad to visu-alize the connections between the meridional effect and the channel



Ctrl Line 5


Tutorials 1-33

145.Click-right to quit the Detect Channel Matching Connection tool

Both connections between the meridional effect and the channel are recog-nized as matching connections.


147.Click-left on Rows Definition -> row 1 and zr techno effect 1 in the Quick Access Pad(QAP) to active the current row, if not done already

148.Go to QAP Mesh Control

149.Modify the number of flow path as <33> <Enter>

150.Click on the icon Generate 3D and confirm the generation


1-34 Tutorials

151. Go to File -> Save Project As <tutorial1_match> <Enter> to save mesh and templatefiles

Full Non Matching Full Matching

Tutorials 2-1

TUTORIAL 2: Non-Axisymmetric Hub/Shroud

2-1 Introduction

2-1.1 Introduction













Non-Axisymmetric Hub/Shroud Introduction

2-2 Tutorials


This tutorial is particularly adapted to the mesh generation of a turbomachine presenting a huband/or shroud non-axisymmetric. It makes exclusive use of AutoGrid™ v8 and describes themain actions required to mesh the configuration of interest.



• Control meridional flow paths when hub/shroud non-axisymmetric;

• Control blade-to-blade mesh;

• Control the mesh projection on the hub/shroud non-axisymmetric;


2-1.2 Prerequisites



The problem to be considered is shown schematically here below. The project consists in the meshgeneration of a Aachen turbine stator (treated as an isolated axial-flow wheel) when presenting anon-axisymmetric hub.

2-1.4 Preparation





Introduction Non-Axisymmetric Hub/Shroud

Tutorials 2-3


• Access the menu Modules, select AutoGrid and confirm "yes" to enter AutoGrid™ v8. You’renow ready to start the grid generation process and mesh the non-axisymmetric configuration!


4

Non-Axisymmetric Hub/Shroud Mesh Generation

2-4 Tutorials
















• Click-left on the hub as it turns to yellow



Mesh Generation Non-Axisymmetric Hub/Shroud

Tutorials 2-5


• Click-left on the shroud as it turns to yellow



In addition to the axisymmetric hub and shroud curves defining the meridi-onal domain, 3D surfaces defining the non-axisymmetric end walls must bedefined. These can be directly specified in the ".geomTurbo" file (more detailsin User Manual) or imported through the Import CAD window.

12. Define the non-axisymmetric surface defining the hub

• Click-left on the surface defining the hub when highlighted in blue, it turns to yellow

• Click-right and select Link Non Axi to Hub

Click Left


2-6 Tutorials

The 3D surfaces defining the non-axisymmetric end walls must present thesame peridiocity as the row.



• Click-left on first surface defining the blade when highlighted in blue (it turns to red or yel-low)

• Click-middle to select the second surface defining the blade

• <Shift> - click-left on second surface defining the blade when highlighted in blue (it turnsto red or yellow)


• Click-right and select Link to Blade


Click Middle

Click Left

<Shift> Click Left


Tutorials 2-7








When blade intersect hub and shroud, inlet and outlet are displayed in themeridional view.


16. Click-left on Rows Definition row 1 to activate row1

17. Click-right on row 1 to get the contextual menu and select Properties

18. Enter the Periodicity (number of blades). Left-click inside the string input area and type<36>, press <Enter> to confirm

19. Enter <0> in Rotation Speed (rpm)

This speed will be transferred to FINE™ graphical user interface and easethe input of boundary conditions later on.

The sign of the rotational speed is positive (+) when the blade row is rotating in the positive θ direction, and negative otherwise.

20. Select Stator as a row type and Axial as a row orientation



2-8 Tutorials

The non axisymmetric end walls generation is controlled into the Row Proper-ties dialog box.

21. Keep Non-Axisymmetric Hub active

The "Non-Axisymmetric Hub & Shroud" is used to enable or disabled themesh adaptation on the specified non axisymmetric surfaces.

22. Keep Projection Along Face Normal active by default

When the non axisymmetric surface is not intersecting the axisymmetric mesh:

The "Projection Along Face Normal" is projecting the mesh on the surfaceusing the hub or shroud normal face directions. Therefore, as on the con-nected face boundary the computed normal can be different for both faces, thematching connection may become non-matching.

The "Projection Along Grid Line" is projecting the mesh on the surface usingthe spanwise grid line direction to compute the normal. This approach allowsto avoid non-matching connections.

23. Keep Repair Non-projected Points active by default


Tutorials 2-9

The "Repair Non-projected Points" allows to correct non-well projectedpoints (i.e. when the mesh points on boundaries are close to hub or shroudsurface limits).

24. Set the Geometry Repetition to <2><Enter>

The non-axisymmetric 3D surfaces must cover all the hub or shroud blade toblade domain of the axisymmetric mesh. If the specified surfaces does notcover the entire domain as shown in the next figure, the Geometry Repetitionoption allows the user to repeat the entered surfaces by rotation on both sides.

The "Display Non-Axisymmetric Hub & Shroud" is used to display the non-axisymmetric surfaces in the 3D view


At the end of the 3D blade row generation, the mesh adaptation on the non-axisymmetric surfaces is performed automatically. The axisymmetric mesh isadapted by hub to shroud grid points redistribution along the curve obtainedby intersecting the surfaces with the hub to shroud grid lines. It is thus recom-mended to generate a axisymmetric mesh covering completely the non-axisymmetric surfaces.



28. Click-left on the surface defining the hub when highlighted in blue, it turns to yellow

29. Select Geometry/Modify Surface/Add uv Curves

30. Click-left on the surface in order to define new curves plotting the non-axisymmetryappearing on the hub

31. Click-left on the new curve until it turns yellow

32. Click-right and select Import Meridional

Click LeftClick Left


2-10 Tutorials

The limit of the non-axisymmetric hub is appearing in the meridional view.

33. Move hub curve to create a channel including the non-axisymmetric effect

• Click-left in the meridional view

• Go to Geometry Definition Edit Hub to visualize the vertices defining the hub

• Click-left on vertex (at inlet) and define its new position in the keyboard input area inZRTH coordinates where Z is the Zinlet and R is lower than the Rmin of the non-axisymmet-

ric effect: <-0.03 0.242 0><Enter>

• Click-left on vertex (at outlet) and define its new position in the keyboard input area inZRTH coordinates where Z is the Zoutlet and R is lower than the Rmin of the non-axisym-metric effect: <0.054737609091 0.242 0><Enter>

• Click-right to regenerate the channel

The hub appears as a dashed green line because it is no more mapping on acurve.


Tutorials 2-11

The blade is no more intersecting the new hub. The blade needs to beextended.

34. Click-left on Rows Definition row 1 Blades Main Blade

35. Click-right on Main Blade to get the contextual menu and select Expand Geometry

36. Select Hub treatment/expand

• Set Cut offset to <0.001><Enter>

• Set Extension offset to <0.001><Enter>

• Apply to extend the blade

The tool Geometry/Distance allows to measure the distance between twopoints in the active view.


37. Click-left on Rows Definition -> row 1 to activate the row, if not done already


≈ 0.0003 [m]

Cut Offset = 0.001 [m]

Expand Offset = 0.001 [m]

MERIDIONAL


2-12 Tutorials










In the present case, one can estimate that Vref=30 m/s, Lref=0.3m and υ=1.038e-5 m2/s Assum-

ing one wishes to get y+ =1 at the wall, it comes that y = 1 x 10-5 m. Input the value of the CellWidth = <1e-5> <Enter> in Row Mesh Control.



Tutorials 2-13

The flow paths are covering the non-axisymmetric hub.





42. Modify the number of flow path as <33> <Enter>


skin block

down block

outlet block

up block

inlet block


2-14 Tutorials








48. Go to



Tutorials 2-15






51. Go to Mesh Control Row Mesh Control B2B Mesh Topology Control -> GridPoints to control the number of grid points in the blade-to-blade view








2-16 Tutorials

By default, the active layer is the hub of the machine (Active Layer (%span)set to 0). The layer selected for visualization is defined in percentage of span,going from hub (0%) to shroud (100%).







62. Click-left on part of the histogram to plot the concerned cells in blade-to-blade view





Click Left


Tutorials 2-17






At the end of the 3D blade row generation, the mesh adaptation on the non-axisymmetric hub is performed automatically. The axisymmetric mesh isadapted by hub to shroud grid points redistribution along the curve obtain byintersecting the surfaces with the hub to shroud grid lines.



2-18 Tutorials




72. Click-right on row 1 and select Properties to activate Default in order to plot the full tur-bomachine

73. Click-right on row 1 and select Toggle 3D View to access the shaded blades in 3D view




Non-AxisymmetricHub

Non-AxisymmetricHub


Tutorials 2-19





79. Close dialog box



2-20 Tutorials

81. Click on Apply










Click Left


Tutorials 2-21

2-2.9 Save Project





2-22 Tutorials

Tutorials 3-1

TUTORIAL 3: Bypass Configuration

3-1 Introduction

3-1.1 Introduction













Bypass Configuration Introduction

3-2 Tutorials


This tutorial is particularly adapted to the mesh generation of bypass turbomachine applications(airplane engine). It makes exclusive use of AutoGrid™ v8 and describes the main actionsrequired to mesh the configuration of interest.



• Control meridional flow paths especially at the nozzle;

• Control the blade-to-blade mesh;


3-1.2 Prerequisites



The problem to be considered is shown schematically here below (meridional view). The projectconsists in the mesh generation of a bypass configuration (part of an airplane engine). The configu-ration is composed by a fan in front of the nozzle, three rows in the down bypass and one row in theup bypass

3-1.4 Preparation



Introduction Bypass Configuration

Tutorials 3-3




• Access the menu Modules, select AutoGrid and confirm "yes" to enter AutoGrid™ v8. You’renow ready to start the grid generation process and mesh the bypass configuration!

4

Bypass Configuration Mesh Generation

3-4 Tutorials








4. Choose the icon Initialize a New Project from a geomTurbo File


5. Locate and select bypass.geomTurbo (geometry defined in [Millimeter]) in the dialog boxand click Open

The ".geomTurbo" file format is structured in three main blocks: the header,the channel and the row(s) definitions.

Mesh Generation Bypass Configuration

Tutorials 3-5

The channel format contains the definition of the turbomachinery meridionalcontour (hub, shroud and nozzle). It is composed by curves defined by a set ofpoints. The ".geomTurbo" file must contain two channel curves named respec-tively "hub" and "shroud". In addition when meshing a bypass configuration,the nozzle must be defined.

The row definition contains the geometry of a complete row. The blade andsplitter are defined by the pressure and the suction side surfaces identified bythe keywords "pressure" and "suction". Both surfaces are specified by a set ofcross sections of the blade at several spanwise location from hub to shroud.Each section is defined by a set of points from leading to trailing edge.

…

…

…

INLET

hub

shroud

nozzle

OUTLET

The nozzle must be defined from the outlet down bypass to the outlet up bypass

Row defined in front of nozzle

Row defined in up bypass

Row defined in down bypass


3-6 Tutorials

The geometry can also be imported through a graphic window (GeometryDefinition Import and Link CAD) when defining a new project fromscratch with bypass. When click-right in the graphic window, a pop-up menuallows the user to define the nozzle in addition of the hub and shroud. In addi-tion row on nozzle and in up/down bypass can be added in the configuration.

Warning may prompt if one of the rows is not intersecting the hub and/or heshroud.

The warning inform the user that the row 3 needs to be extended to intersectthe hub.

6. Click-left on Ok

7. Click-left on Rows Definition row 3 Blades Main Blade

8. Click-right on Main Blade to get the contextual menu and select Expand Geometry

9. Select Hub treatment/expand

• Set Expansion Factor to <0.02><Enter>


Tutorials 3-7

• Apply to extend the blade

10. Click-left on Rows Definition -> row 1 in the Quick Access Pad (QAP) to active it

11. Click-right on row 1 and select Properties in the pop-up menu

12. Enter the Periodicity (number of blades) to <18><Enter>


The speed will be transferred to FINE™ graphical user interface and ease theinput of boundary conditions later on.

The sign of the rotational speed is positive (+) when the blade row is rotating in the positive θ direction, and negative otherwise



15. Activate Default in order to plot the full turbomachine in 3D view when selecting View/toggle 3D Solid View

16. Execute the same operations for the elements row2, row3, row4 and row5, defined respec-tively by the following parameters as <77>-<0>-Stator-Axial, <119>-<0>-Stator-Axial,<127>-<500>-Rotor-Axial and <117>-<0>-Stator-Axial (it is not necessary to close thedialog box each time)



3-8 Tutorials

18. Click-left on Rows Definition -> row 1

19. Click-right and select Define Shroud Gap in the pop-up menu

20. Keep Width At Leading Edge = <6.0> [Millimeters] <Enter>

21. Define Width At Trailing Edge = <6.0> [Millimeters] <Enter>

22. Click-left on Rows Definition -> row 3 and row 5

23. Click-right and select Define Hub Gap in the pop-up menu

24. Define Width At Leading Edge = <1.0> [Millimeters] <Enter>




Tutorials 3-9


28. Define Width At Leading Edge = <1.0> [Millimeters] <Enter>


The width at leading/trailing edge allows to specify the size of the gap respec-tively at the leading and trailing edge of the blade. The gap curve is then con-structed as a linear offset of the hub (or the shroud) according to these values.

30. Set the scaling factor

• Go to Geometry Definition Units

• Change the units to Millimeters

The "units" of the imported geometry must be changed to impose a scalingfactor and a corresponding tolerance that will ensure correct treatment dur-ing the grid generation when computing for example the intersection. If notnecessary, we recommend to keep the default settings (Scale Factor set to 1)

31. Click-left on Select All Rows

32. Select toggle 3D Solid View in the View menu to access the shaded blades in 3D view

33. Select toggle 3D Solid View in the View menu to remove the shaded blades in 3D view







3-10 Tutorials








Input the value of the Cell Width = <1e-2> [Millimeters] <Enter> in Row Mesh Control.



- the skin block is a O-mesh surrounding the blade


Tutorials 3-11

- the inlet block is a H-mesh located upstream the leading edge - the outlet block is a H-mesh located downstream the trailing edge - the up block is a H-mesh located above the blade section- the down block is a H-mesh located under the blade section


When overlapping detected in the flow paths, a warning is appearing at thebottom of the graphical user interface. In addition, the expansion ratio is plot-ted in the message box.

38. Check quality of the flow paths

• Click-left in meridional view to activate it (red border)

• Click-left on

• Select quality criteria using the Type pull-down menu

• Click-left on Show chart to visualize the distribution of selected criteria in the form of anhistogram. The histogram is drawn for each row

• Click-left on part of the histogram to plot the concerned cells in the meridional view

• Click-left on More info button to obtain information about minimum and maximum valuesof the selected criteria

• Close dialog box

39. Control bypass and nozzle points distributions

• Click-left on Select All Rows

• Click-left on Mesh Control -> Row Mesh Control -> Flow Paths Control -> Expert

• Deactivate View Flow Path to plot the grid used to generate the flow paths

Click Left


3-12 Tutorials


3-2.4.1 Bypass - Nozzle Control

• Click-left on

• Click-left on double arrow when highlighted in red, type <0.6903832><Enter> to controlthe points distribution on nozzle and to remove overlapping cells


• Click-left on Generate Flow Paths

• Click-left on thickness (0.3%), type <5><Enter> to increase the thickness of the C-blockcovering the nozzle



Click Left


Tutorials 3-13

Click-left on the number of nodes, make the proper modification in the entrybox and press <Enter> to confirm the modification. Nozzle flow paths indexand nozzle cell width can also be imposed.

H-topology on nozzle is adapted for bypass configuration presenting a sharpnozzle.

40. Adapt control lines close to nozzle

• Click-left on control line defining the nozzle topology when highlighted in yellow

• Click-left on control point defining the control line

• Move control point at desired location

• Click-left on control point to validate its new location

The exact coordinates of the control points can also be introduced with click-right on the control point; a dialog box appears, enabling the user to enter thepoint coordinates in (rz) mode.

• Click-right on control line defining the nozzle topology when highlighted in yellow


• Set the Cell width respectively to <1.0><Enter> and <1.0><Enter>

The same cell width has to be imposed on both control lines defining the noz-zle.

Click Left

Click Left


3-14 Tutorials

• Set the streamwise number of points (Streamwise Npts) respectively to <17><Enter> and<13><Enter>



3-2.4.2 Copy/Paste Flow Paths Distribution

• Click-right on the outlet of the up bypass when highlighted in yellow

• Select Copy Left Distribution

• Click-right on the rotor/stator of the up bypass when highlighted in yellow

• Select Paste Right Distribution

Copy/Paste are used to copy a distribution from a rotor/stator to another oneor to a meridional control line.

Merge is used to compute a common distribution from the left and right distri-butions at a rotor/stator. It is created for rotor/stators where the left row has ahub gap and the right row a shroud gap (or the opposite).

Clear is used to clean copy/merge operations on selected control line.



1.0

C --> R


Tutorials 3-15

Along the down bypass, automatic copy/paste and merge flow paths distribu-tions are performed.

3-2.4.3 Bulb Control

The configuration is presenting a hub defined with a control point at R=0. Abulb is automatically detected and flow paths controls are added.

41. Adapt control line close to the bulb

• Click-left on control line when highlighted in yellow






42. Adapt flow paths distribution in bulb

• Click-left on

• Deactivate Singular line to impose a butterfly topology in the bulb

Three topologies are available for bulbs: sharp (H-mesh), rounded (C-mesh)or radial. With C mesh, the zero radius area can be meshed with a singularline or a butterfly topology.

C --> R

C --> L

M M

Click Left

Singular line

Butterflytopology


3-16 Tutorials

Click-left on the number of nodes, make the proper modification in the entrybox and press <Enter> to confirm the modification.




43. Check quality of the flow paths as presented in step 38



When plotting all rows on hub (active layer set 0% by default), the row 2 is notappearing in the blade-to-blade view because it is not intersecting the hub. Tocheck the mesh on row 2, an active layer intersecting the row 2 should beselected.

row 1 row 3

row 4

row 5


Tutorials 3-17

45. Go to







48. Go to Mesh Control Row Mesh Control B2B Mesh Topology Control -> GridPoints to control the number of grid points in the blade-to-blade view if necessary




3-18 Tutorials





By default, the active layer is the hub of the machine (Active Layer (%span)set to 0). The layer selected for visualization is defined in percentage of span,going from hub (0%) to shroud (100%) and is applied on active row(s).








60. Click-left on part of the histogram to plot the concerned cells in the blade-to-blade view


Click Left


Tutorials 3-19










3-20 Tutorials





70. Select View/toggle 3D Solid View to access the shaded blades in 3D view







Tutorials 3-21





78. Click on Apply






3-22 Tutorials







3-2.9 Save Project




Click Left

Tutorials 4-1

TUTORIAL 4: Tandem Row

4-1 Introduction

4-1.1 Introduction













Tandem Row Introduction

4-2 Tutorials


This tutorial is particularly adapted to the mesh generation of tandem row configuration. It makesexclusive use of AutoGrid™ v8 and describes the main actions required to mesh the configurationof interest.



• Define a tandem row;



4-1.2 Prerequisites



The problem to be considered is shown schematically here below (meridional view). The projectconsists in the mesh generation of a tandem row configuration (part of an airplane engine). Theconfiguration consists in a single row composed by a main blade and a splitter without overlap inthe streamwise direction.

4-1.4 Preparation



Introduction Tandem Row

Tutorials 4-3




• Access the menu Modules, select AutoGrid and confirm "yes" to enter AutoGrid™ v8. You’renow ready to start the grid generation process and mesh the tandem configuration!

4

Tandem Row Mesh Generation

4-4 Tutorials








4. Choose the icon Initialize a New Project from a geomTurbo File


5. Locate and select tandem.geomTurbo (geometry defined in [Millimeter]) in the dialog boxand click Open


The channel format contains the definition of the turbomachinery meridionalcontour (hub and shroud). It is composed by curves defined by a set of points.The ".geomTurbo" file must contain two channel curves named respectively"hub" and "shroud".

Mesh Generation Tandem Row

Tutorials 4-5

The tandem configuration is defined by a single row composed by a main blade and a splitterdownstream the main blade without overlap in the streamwise direction.

The row definition contains the geometry of a complete row. The main bladeand splitter are defined by the pressure and the suction side surfaces identifiedby the keywords "pressure" and "suction". Both surfaces are specified by a setof cross sections of the blade at several spanwise location from hub to shroud.Each section is defined by a set of points from leading to trailing edge.

The geometry can also be imported through a graphic window (GeometryDefinition Import and Link CAD) when defining a new project fromscratch. When click-right in the graphic window, a pop-up menu allows theuser to define the hub, shroud and to link the surfaces, trailing and leadingedge curves to the selected blade in the Rows Definition (Main Blade orSplitter 1). When click-right on row 1 in Rows Definition, a menu allows theuser to add a blade (splitter) in the selected row;



8. Keep the Periodicity (number of blades) to <75><Enter>

9. Keep <500> in Rotation Speed (rpm)

INLET OUTLET

Main Blade Splitter 1


4-6 Tutorials





11. Activate Tandem Row in order to set automatically the grid points distribution of the bladeto blade mesh when setting the default topology







Tutorials 4-7















4-8 Tutorials


The default skin-topology includes 5 blocks for each blade as follows:




22. Keep the number of flow path as <57> <Enter>




Inlet Main Blade

Inlet Splitter 1

Outlet Main Blade

Outlet Splitter 1Down Main Blade

Up Splitter 1

Down Splitter 1

Up Main Blade

Skin Splitter 1Skin Main Blade


Tutorials 4-9


26. Click-left on main blade or splitter mesh in the blade-to-blade view

27. Go to Mesh Control Row Mesh Control B2B Mesh Topology ControlTopology

By default, when tandem row is specified, matching connections (MatchingPeriodicity check button active) are applied at periodic boundaries and atconnection between main blade and splitter.

28. Keep Matching Periodicity activated and all other data identical for main blade and split-ter



30. Go to Mesh Control Row Mesh Control B2B Mesh Topology Control -> GridPoints to control the number of grid points in the blade-to-blade view if necessary.

Main Blade

Splitter 1

Matching Connection


4-10 Tutorials

By default, when tandem row is specified, the grid points distribution alongthe main blade and splitter will be adapted as presented on figure below.



When tandem row is specified, to keep matching connections at periodicboundaries and at connection between main blade and splitter:

+ if the grid points distribution N1 and/or N2 is modified along main blade,N4 along splitter 1 has to be adapted accordingly;

+ if the grid points distribution N3 is modified along main blade, N5 and/orN6 along splitter 1 has to be adapted accordingly;

+ if the grid points distribution N4 is modified along splitter 1, N1 and/or N2along main blade has to be adapted accordingly;

+ if the grid points distribution N5 and/or N6 is modified along splitter 1, N3along main blade has to be adapted accordingly.

N1 N3N4 = N1 + N2N3 = N5 + N6

Main Blade

N2

N4 N5 N6

Splitter 1

Main Blade

Splitter 1

N2 ↑⇒ N4 ↑N5 ↑⇒ N3 ↑


Tutorials 4-11

32. Visualize the result in blade-to-blade view after selecting Generate B2B to regenerate theflow paths and the mesh in blade-to-blade plane









39. Click-left on the blade-to-blade window to activate that view (red border)

40. Go to the menu View-> Repetition

41. Increase Nb Repet to <1> and Show









4-12 Tutorials







53. Click on the icon Generate 3D and confirm (Start) the generation

Click Left


Tutorials 4-13










4-14 Tutorials





Tutorials 4-15




64. Click on Apply






Click Left


4-16 Tutorials






4-2.9 Save Project




Tutorials 5-1

TUTORIAL 5: Cascade Configuration

5-1 Introduction

5-1.1 Introduction













Cascade Configuration Introduction

5-2 Tutorials


This tutorial is particularly adapted to the mesh generation of cascade configuration. It makesexclusive use of AutoGrid™ v8 and describes the main actions required to mesh the configurationof interest.



• Define cascade configuration;

• Control the meridional and blade-to-blade mesh;


5-1.2 Prerequisites



The problem to be considered is shown schematically here below. The project consists in the meshgeneration of the T106 turbine blade cascade configuration.

5-1.4 Preparation





Introduction Cascade Configuration

Tutorials 5-3


• Access the menu Modules, select AutoGrid and confirm "yes" to enter AutoGrid™ v8. You’renow ready to start the grid generation process and mesh the cascade configuration!


4

Cascade Configuration Mesh Generation

5-4 Tutorials







4. Activate Cascade option








10. Select cascade.dat file from the file chooser

11. Define the geometry orientation if necessary

• Select Geometry Axis... in the Edit menu

• Adapt origin, stream and span direction if required - keep default

• Apply

Mesh Generation Cascade Configuration

Tutorials 5-5



• <Shift> - click-left on all the curves defining the hub as they turn to yellow




• <Shift> - click-left on all the curves defining the shroud as they turn to yellow






5-6 Tutorials

• Click-left on the surface defining the blade when highlighted in blue (it turns to red or yel-low)

If the blade is defined by multiple surfaces, click-middle and <Shift>-click-leftallow to select all the surfaces defining the blade.











Click Left


Tutorials 5-7

When blade intersects hub and shroud, inlet and outlet are displayed in themeridional view.


The geometry of the cascade configuration can also be defined from a native".geomTurbo" file.


The header when defining a cascade configuration should contain the key-words "cascade yes".


The row definition contains the geometry of a complete row. The blade isdefined by the pressure and the suction side surfaces identified by the key-words "pressure" and "suction". Both surfaces are specified by a set of crosssections of the blade at several spanwise location from hub to shroud. Eachsection is defined by a set of points from leading to trailing edge.


5-8 Tutorials



19. Enter the Periodicity (number of blades) to <79.9><Enter>

The periodicity for cascade configuration corresponds to the pitch distancebetween two successive blades.



21. Select Stator as a row type and Axial as a row orientation



23. Set the scaling factor

• Go to Geometry Definition Units

• Change the units to Millimeters


Tutorials 5-9

The "units" of the imported geometry must be changed to impose a scalingfactor and a corresponding tolerance that will ensure correct treatment dur-ing the grid generation when computing for example the intersection. If notnecessary, we recommend to keep the default settings (Scale Factor set to 1)

















5-10 Tutorials







32. Change the number of flow path as <17><Enter>

The number of flow path can be imposed as <2> in order to generate a 2Dmesh.


• Set Cell width at Hub as <5.0><Enter>

• Set Cell width at Shroud as <7.0><Enter>

The hub and shroud are respectively considered as a euler wall and a mirrorplane. For these reasons, the cell width at hub and shroud can be increasedbecause there are no boundary layer to capture.


Tutorials 5-11







37. Go to Mesh Control Row Mesh Control B2B Mesh Topology ControlTopology


5-12 Tutorials












45. Move default location of leading/trailing edge:

• Click-left in blade-to-blade view to activate the view (red border)

• Zoom on leading edge

• When leading edge highlighted in red (move the mouse on it), click-left and drag to movethe leading edge location; click-right to access a popup menu allowing to impose the pointsdistribution at leading edge (Properties)


Tutorials 5-13

Absolute Control Distance: the distance is given in absolute units and remainthe same for each layer.

Relative Control Distance: the distance is given in relative units (normalizedwith the blade width).

First Cell Length: the distance is equal to the product of the cell width givenby the user and the number of nodes.

Another feature of this dialog box gives the control of the maximum expansionratio of the cells in the streamwise direction along the wall. Switch on the but-ton Desired Expansion Ratio implies that the number of grid points on theupper and lower side of the blade will be recomputed to ensure that the expan-sion ratio remain lower than the target value. The total number of pointsaround the blade is then continuously updated.

• The above steps can also be applied on trailing edge

• Visualize the result in blade-to-blade view after selecting Generate B2B to regenerate theflow paths and the mesh in blade-to-blade plane.






Click Left

Click Right


5-14 Tutorials












Click Left


Tutorials 5-15













5-16 Tutorials





Tutorials 5-17




71. Click on Apply






Click Left


5-18 Tutorials






5-2.9 Save Project




Tutorials 6-1

TUTORIAL 6: Fin on Fan

6-1 Introduction

6-1.1 Introduction













Fin on Fan Introduction

6-2 Tutorials


This tutorial is particularly adapted to the mesh generation of a fin on fan in bypass turbomachineapplications. It makes exclusive use of AutoGrid™ v8 and describes the main actions required tomesh the configuration of interest.


• Define geometry into AutoGrid™ v8;

• Control meridional flow paths especially at the fin and nozzle;



6-1.2 Prerequisites

This tutorial does not require any particular prerequisite but it is strongly recommended for begin-ners to perform the basic tutorials 1 to 7 and the advanced tutorial 3.


The problem to be considered is shown schematically here below (meridional view). The projectconsists in the mesh generation of a bypass configuration with a fan including a fin.

6-1.4 Preparation





Fin

Introduction Fin on Fan

Tutorials 6-3


• Access the menu Modules, select AutoGrid and confirm "yes" to enter AutoGrid™ v8. You’renow ready to start the grid generation process and mesh the bypass configuration with a fin onfan!

4

Fin on Fan Mesh Generation

6-4 Tutorials








4. Activate With ByPass and With Fin on Fan options

The Fin on Fan option is only allowed for Bypass configuration.







Mesh Generation Fin on Fan

Tutorials 6-5



11. Define the geometry orientation if necessary

• Select Geometry Axis... in the Edit menu

• Adapt origin, stream direction if required - keep default

• Apply



• Click-left on the curve defining the hub as it turns to yellow




• Click-left on the curve defining the shroud as it turns to yellow




6-6 Tutorials

14. Define the nozzle curve

• Click-left on the curve defining the nozzle as it turns to yellow

• Click-right and select Link to Nozzle

Nozzle curve is displayed in the meridional view.



• Click-left on first surface defining the blade when highlighted in blue (it turns to red or yel-low)

• Click-middle to select the second surface defining the blade

• <Shift> - click-left on second surface defining the blade when highlighted in blue (it turnsto red or yellow)

The View/View Solid menu acts as a toggleand allows to visualize the surfaces that areactive.

Click Middle

Click Left

<Shift> Click Left


Tutorials 6-7










17. Define fin on fan

The fin has to be defined by two curves defining respectively the upper anddown sides of the axisymmetric fin.


• Click-left at upper side curve of the fin, inside the Import CAD window

• As it turns yellow, click-right and select Link to Fin Up

• Click-left at lower side curve of the fin, inside the Import CAD window

• As it turns yellow, click-right and select Link to Fin Down


6-8 Tutorials

When blade intersect hub and shroud, inlet and outlet are displayed in themeridional view.

Control lines are automatically appearing for the control of the flow pathsaround the fin and the bypass nozzle.


The geometry of the fin can also be defined from a native ".geomTurbo" file.


The header when defining a bypass configuration should contain the key-words "byPass yes".


The row definition contains the geometry of the fin and the complete row. Thefin is defined by two curves: upper_curve and lower_curve defining theaxisymmetric surfaces that will be used to define the fin. The blade is definedby the pressure and the suction side surfaces identified by the keywords "pres-


Tutorials 6-9

sure" and "suction". Both surfaces are specified by a set of cross sections ofthe blade at several spanwise location from hub to shroud. Each section isdefined by a set of points from leading to trailing edge.



21. Enter the Periodicity (number of blades) to <40><Enter>

22. Keep <500> in Rotation Speed (rpm)


6-10 Tutorials









28. Set Width At Leading Edge = <0.012> [Meters] <Enter>

29. Set Width At Trailing Edge = <0.012> [Meters] <Enter>

The width at leading/trailing edge allows to specify the size of the gap respec-tively at the leading and trailing edge of the blade. The gap curve is then con-structed as a linear offset of the hub (or the shroud) according to these values.





Tutorials 6-11













Input the value of the Cell Width = <1e-5> [Meters] <Enter> in Row Mesh Control.


6-12 Tutorials


37. Click-left on yes to perform an automatic switch to matching topology that is requiredbecause of the control lines used to define the fin that are on the blade (row 1)


When overlapping detected in the flow paths, a warning is appearing at thebottom of the graphical user interface. In addition, the expansion ratio is plot-ted in the message box.

38. Control bypass - nozzle - fin points distributions


• Click-left on Mesh Control -> Row Mesh Control -> Flow Paths Control -> Expert

• Deactivate View Flow Path to plot the grid used to generate the flow paths



Tutorials 6-13

• Click-left on

• Click-left on number of flow paths down the nozzle, decrease to <41><Enter> to add moreflow paths between the nozzle and the fin



More information about the control of the nozzle and bypass points distribu-tion are provided in advanced tutorial 3.

• Click-left on control line defining the nozzle topology when highlighted in yellow




The exact coordinates of the control points can also be introduced with click-right on the control point; a dialog box appears, enabling the user to enter thepoint coordinates in (rz) mode.

Click Left

Click Left

Click Left


6-14 Tutorials



39. Check quality of the flow paths

• Click-left in meridional view to activate it (red border)

• Click-left on


• Click-left on Show chart to visualize the distribution of selected criteria in the form of anhistogram. The histogram is drawn for each row

• Click-left on part of the histogram to plot the concerned cells in the meridional view





41. Go to


Click Left


Tutorials 6-15

By default, matching connections are applied at periodic boundaries becauseof the control lines used to control the flow paths along the fin that are on theblade (row 1).

You can see the periodic boundary by showing the repetitions.

42. Click-left on the blade-to-blade window to activate that view (red border)

43. Go to the menu View-> Repetition

44. Increase Nb Repet to <1> and Show


46. Keep Matching Periodicity activated and all other data identical




Click-left on the number of nodes, make the proper modification in the entrybox and press <Enter> to confirm the modification. The number of points


6-16 Tutorials

specified is recommended to be 4xn + 1 (where n is an integer) to allow multi-grid process on minimum 3 grid levels within FINE™.

Visualize the result in blade-to-blade view after selecting Generate B2B toregenerate the flow paths and the mesh in blade-to-blade plane.

49. Keep default points distribution














Click Left


Tutorials 6-17









67. If at the end of the generation, a warning as presented below appears, click-left on Ok

This warning prevents the user that when checking the grid quality (angulardeviation along J) if a discontinuity is detected, the user has to reduce theexpansion ratio in the Mesh area of the B2B Mesh Topology Control dialogbox.

In addition, the blade-to-blade mesh can be plotted on the concerned activelayer (i.e. layer 132) by repeating the steps 52 to 55.


6-18 Tutorials










Tutorials 6-19







78. Click on Apply



6-20 Tutorials









Click Left


Tutorials 6-21


6-2.9 Save Project





6-22 Tutorials

Tutorials 7-1

TUTORIAL 7: 3D Technological Effect Casing Treatment

7-1 Introduction

7-1.1 Introduction













3D Technological Effect Casing Treatment Introduction

7-2 Tutorials


This tutorial is particularly adapted to the mesh generation of casing treatments (3D technologicaleffects) for turbomachines. It makes exclusive use of AutoGrid™ v8 and describes the mainactions required to mesh the configuration of interest.


• Read an existing project file into AutoGrid™ v8;

• Adapt the existing project file;

• Generate and control the mesh in the technological effect (casing);

• Control the quality of the mesh in the 3D mesh.

7-1.2 Prerequisites

This tutorial does require to perform the mesh generation of the NASA rotor 37 explained in basictutorial 1. Furthermore, it is strongly recommended for beginners to perform the basic tutorials 2 to7 too.


The problem to be considered is shown schematically here below. The project consists in the meshgeneration of a casing treatment (3D technological effect) for the NASA rotor 37.

7-1.4 Preparation



Rotor-Stator

AutoGrid Mesh 3d techno effect

0.03560.02

Introduction 3D Technological Effect Casing Treatment

Tutorials 7-3




• Access the menu Modules, select AutoGrid and confirm "yes" to enter AutoGrid™ v8. You’renow ready to start the grid generation process and mesh the configuration presenting a casingtreatment (3D technological effect)!

4

3D Technological Effect Casing Treatment Mesh Generation

7-4 Tutorials



7-2.1 Open Existing Mesh Project

1. Click on Select a Project File in the Open Turbo Project Wizard dialog box

2. Select the file NASA-Rotor-37.trb

3. Click Open to load the selected project


7-2.2 Adapt Mesh Project





Mesh Generation 3D Technological Effect Casing Treatment

Tutorials 7-5



9. Define the new shroud curve

• Click-left on the curve (new_shroud) as it turns to yellow


New shroud curve is displayed in the meridional view.


11. Click-left on the " + " before row1 in QAP to get the blade information

12. Click-left on Blades Main Blade Shroud gap, click-right and select Properties inthe contextual menu

13. Set Width At Leading/Trailing Edge to <0.0156> to define the main blade tip in additionof the 3D technological effect thickness (0.0356 - 0.02)

14. Keep all other data identical


New Shroud


7-6 Tutorials

16. Control flow paths through Mesh Control -> Row Mesh Control -> Flow Paths Con-trol

17. Set Cell width at Shroud to <0.001>

18. Keep all other data identical

19. Click on Generate to regenerate flow paths


21. Click on Generate B2B to generate blade-to-blade mesh by default on hub

(active layer = 0%)


23. Click on the icon Generate 3D and confirm (Start) the generation


Tutorials 7-7

Once 3D grid generation is completed, grid quality is performed and dis-played. Minimum cells skewness, maximum expansion ratio and aspect ratioare reported, among others. Data are available for the entire mesh separatelyfor every entity (row, technological effect, bulb). Data related to grid qualityreport are automatically stored in a report file, once the project file is saved.


7-2.3 3D Technological Effect Generation

7-2.3.1 Configuration Control


26. Click on the button Add 3D Effect to add a 3D technological effect in the configuration


7-8 Tutorials

7-2.3.2 Geometry Definition

27. Click-left on Rows Definition -> row 1 -> 3d techno effect 1 in the Quick Access Pad(QAP) if not active already



29. Select the curves and surfaces defining the active 3D technological effect

• <Shift>-click-left on all the curve(s) (from curve_1 to curve_8) as they turn to yellow

• <Shift>-click-left on all the surface(s) (from surface_1 to surface_3) as they turn to blue

• Click-right and select Link to 3D Effect


31. Click-left on Rows Definition -> row 1 -> 3d techno effect 1 in the Quick Access Pad(QAP) if not active already

32. Click-right on 3d techno effect 1 to get the contextual menu and select Edit to access the3D technological effect edition mode

Curves and surfaces defining the selected 3d technological effect are dis-played in the 3D view.


Tutorials 7-9

Curves and surfaces defining the 3d technological effects are specified in the".geomTurbo" file (see User Manual for more details).

In the edition mode, it is not recommended to define new geometrical entitiesby using the Geometry menu. Otherwise, when relaunching the templateincluding the 3d technological effect, problems may occur (see User Manualfor more details).

7-2.3.3 Topology & Mesh Control

The domain defining a technological effect must be filled by several structured3D blocks (like in IGG™). The block edges are mapped on the geometry. TheGrid subpad provides the tools to create and control the blocks

33. Click-left on Insert New Face icon in the Grid subpad to start to fill the geometry

34. Click-left to locate the first corner of the 2D block (yellow spot when attracted on existingcurve)

35. Click-left to locate the opposite corner of the 2D block

36. Click-left to create the 2D block

37. Click-left on vertex (when highlighted in yellow) of the 2D block to move it when neces-sary

38. Click-left to fix the new position of the vertex on the geometry

39. Repeat steps 37 and 38 for all vertices defining the 2D block


7-10 Tutorials

40. Repeat steps 33 to 39 in order to fill the "inlet" geometry of the technological effect withtwo new faces as presented in the figure below

41. Change the number of points on edges:

• Click-left on edge (highlighted in yellow)

• Click-right and select Segment/Set Number of Points

• Set number of points (by default set to 9) as presented in figure below

• Apply


42. Change the points distribution on edges defining two groups:

• Click-left on one edge (highlighted in yellow)

25

25

13

13

9 9


Tutorials 7-11

• Click-right and select Segment/Distribution: a new window appears

• Click-left on Define/Edit Group

• Click-left on Create

• Set a userdefined group name <group-1>- <Enter> to validate

• Click-left to select edges to include in group-1

• Click-middle to add the selected edge in the group-1 as presented in figure below

If the menu to select and/or add edges in a group is no more available, click-left on the group in the list and click-left on Modify.

• Click-left on Create

• Set a userdefined group name <group-2>- <Enter> to validate

• Click-left to select edges to include in group-2


7-12 Tutorials

• Click-middle to add the selected edge in the group-2 as presented in figure below

• Close the dialog box

• Select group-1 under Group name

• Impose Hyperbolic Tangent with a cell width of <0.0003> at start and end

• Click-left on Apply to group

• Select group-2 under Group name

• Impose Hyperbolic Tangent with a cell width of <0.0003> at start and <0.001> at end

• Click-left on Apply to group



Tutorials 7-13

44. Create the 3D blocks starting from the 2D grid faces:

• Click-left on edge to select grid face (highlighted in white or black)

• Select Block by Face Translation

• In keyboard input area, type <y> to allow edge creations - <1> to select translation - <0 025.3466> as translation vector - <n> to avoid geometry creation - <n> to avoid to intersectselected surfaces: a 3D block is created by translating the 2D grid face

• Repeat the above steps for the others two 2D grid faces

45. Connect the 3D blocks together:

• Select Connect / Face-Face

• Click-left on edge to select the reference face (highlighted in white or black) of the con-cerned block (highlighted in red)

• Click-middle to aknowledge

• Click-left on edge to select the second face to connect

• Click-middle to aknowledge: a new window appears

• Click-left on All: faces appear in green or red if well connected


7-14 Tutorials

• Repeat the above steps for the others two faces to connect

• Close the dialog box connect_faces

46. Change the number of points in the axial direction:

• Click-left on edge (highlighted in yellow)

• Click-right and select Segment/Set Number of Points

• Set number of points (by default set to 9) as presented in figure below

• Apply

47. Map the 3D blocks on the imported curves:

• Click-left on vertex (when highlighted in yellow) of the 3D block to move it on curves

• Click-left to fix the new position of the vertex on the geometry

• Repeat above steps for all vertices defining the 3D blocks

Click-Left

Click-Left


Tutorials 7-15

48. Generate 3D mesh by click-left on Block 6 Bnd and select blocks 8 to 10 - Apply

7-2.3.4 Boundary Conditions & Quality Control

49. Define the periodicity of the blocks in the 3d technological effect:

• Select Periodicity in the Grid menu

• Enter <8> in Block area

• Select ROTATION

• Adapt Axis and Number Of Periodicity as presented below - <Enter> to validate

• Apply

• Repeat above steps for block 9 and 10


50. Adapt and check boundary conditions:

• Select Boundary Conditions in the Grid menu

• Click on Search to define automatically the connections between blocks 8, 9 and 10: 2 con-nections and 1 periodic connection are created

720


7-16 Tutorials

• Type <shroud> under Name area

• <Ctrl>-left-click on the patches as presented in figure below

• Click-left on button Set Patch Type and drag to ROT to change shroud type from solid(SOL) to rotor/stator (ROT)

• Select UND under Type area


• Click-left on button Set Patch Type and drag to ROT to change type from undefined(UND) to rotor/stator (ROT)


• Click-left on button Set Patch Type and drag to SOL to change type from undefined(UND) to solid (SOL)

Click-Left

Click-Left

Click-Left

Click-Left


Tutorials 7-17

• Select UND under Type pull-down menu and check that no patches are in the patch list stillset with an undefined type



51. Check for negative cells by clicking on - Apply






• Click-left on Show chart to visualize the distribution of selected criteria in the form of anhistogram. The histogram is drawn per block (0 = all blocks)

• Click-left on part of the histogram to plot the concerned cells in the 3D view



53. Click on Close Edition Mode

All the actions performed during an editing session are stored in the templatefile (".trb") and can be replayed on similar geometries.

7-2.4 Save Project



7-18 Tutorials



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