A comparison of the Daegu and Edinburgh musicalindustries: A triple helix approach

Presented by: Gohar Feroz Khan

Authors:

Gohar Feroz Khan, Seong Eun Cho, Han Woo Park

This article is accepted for publication in the Scientometrics

Cite as: Khan, G. F., Cho, S., & Park, H. W. (in press), A comparison of the Daegu and Edinburgh musical industries: a triple helix approach. Scientometrics, 1-15. doi: 10.1007/s11192-011-0504-9

Introduction

Korean government’s desire to boost economy by holding social eventsFor example, social events such as meetings,

incentive tours, conventions, and exhibitions, festivals have been widely acknowledged in Korea

Korean government want tourism industry to play a crucial role in revitalizing the national economy.

Korea has hosted more than 1,000 regional festivals in the recent decade (Jung, 2011)

Examples

Examples

The 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang;

The 2011 World Championships in Athletics in Daegu;

Pusan International Film Festival;

The Gwangjoo Biennale;

The Hi Seoul Festival;

Daegu city as a social hub

Daegu City is a well-known social hub in Korea

Home to several festivals and social eventsE.g. Daegu International

Musical Festival (DIMF)

On the International Fronts

Edinburgh (the UK), a well-known social hub is home to the Edinburgh International Festival (EIF),which represents the city’s musical spirit.

Since 1947, the EIF has offered a wide range of cultural events (e.g., musicals)

Daegu V.S Edinburg

The DIMF was initiated in 2006 to be the EIF’s Asian counterpart

The primary purpose of the DIMF is to increase Korea’s international exposure and generate economic opportunities, and thus, its events focus on global audiences.

Research Question

How has Daegu’s musical industry (MI) performed at the local and international levels?

Specifically, how well has Daegu been integrated into the local and international musical industries?

Method

Triple Helix Model & its IndicatorsTo understand the systemness in MI

Webometric Impact AnalysisTo understand web impact of MI

TH model

T-valuesFig. 2 TH model of the musical industry (MI)

Tdm = Hd + Hm –Hdm . (1)

Tdme = Hd + Hm + He –Hdm –Hde –Hem + Hdme .(2)

We used the hit counts of the three TH components (i.e., “Edinburgh,” “Daegu,” and “Musical”) to measure T-values

Fig. 1 TH model

For example: Negative threedimensional T-values (i.e., dme) indicates a decrease in uncertainty andan increase in the dynamics of the MI

Webometric impact analysis

Webometric impact analysis is a convenient and effective tool for examining the effects of a phenomenon over the Internet (Thelwall , 2009; Park, 2010).

Webometric Analyst (a new version of LexiURL) was used (Zuccala and Thelwall, 2006).

Data

Hit counts and URL data was collected (2000-2011)

Local Data-Naver.com for testing the Korean MI in the Korean context.Webpages and news media sites

International data-Bing.com for testing the Korean MI in the international context

ResultsKorean Musical Industry: A Triple Helix Analysis (Local)

Year E D M ED EM DM EDM

2001 19 9778 229 0 2 13 0

2002 46 15985 488 2 2 19 0

2003 110 40822 3933 0 12 57 0

2004 116 49159 5863 2 11 72 3

2005 142 75701 5297 5 8 88 1

2006 162 80238 7217 8 11 125 0

2007 188 97751 16131 15 36 225 6

2008 293 135923 29669 29 47 367 10

2009 265 119652 56524 18 29 534 5

2010 327 207719 94250 27 36 2216 6

2011 294 218399 66908 22 25 576 1

Table 1 Hit counts for Edinburgh, Daegu, and Musical in the webpage category

News E D M ED EM DM EDM

2001 65 15128 1267 1 3 55 0

2002 77 22895 1900 5 9 115 0

2003 125 39333 3147 6 24 190 0

2004 183 60634 5415 6 7 324 0

2005 208 64178 8057 18 14 423 0

2006 489 75767 12899 27 28 614 0

2007 232 100876 19952 34 41 1275 5

2008 259 136293 32163 62 88 1377 15

2009 407 151611 46651 35 86 2188 23

2010 496 178553 102342 18 58 3673 9

2011 405 120380 53979 11 89 1958 4

Table 2 Hit counts for Edinburgh, Daegu, and Musical in the news media category

ResultsT-values: Testing for Systemness in the Musical Industry

The Webpage and News Media Categories

Figure 2. T-values for the webpage catagory Figure 3. T-values for the news media category

ResultsKorean Musical Industry: A Webometric Impact Analysis (Local)The Webpage Category

Edinburgh Musical -(Daegu) Daegu Musical -(Edinburgh)

STLD Domains % STLD Domains %

co.kr 36 36.7% com 20 41.7%

com 30 30.6% co.kr 17 35.4%

net 8 8.20% net 5 10.4%

org 4 4.10% or.kr 5 10.4%

or.kr 4 4.10% in 1 2.10%

go.kr 2 2.00%  -  -  

newsway.kr 2 2.00%  -  -  -

youngevent.kr 1 1.00%  -  -  -

re.kr 1 1.00%  -  -  -

bluebus.kr 1 1.00%  -  -  -

seoul.kr 1 1.00%  -  -  

ac 1 1.00%  -  -  -

bbstudio.kr 1 1.00%  -  -  -

ggh.kr 1 1.00%  -  -  -

pe.kr 1 1.00%  -  -  -

cwin.kr 1 1.00% -   -  -

ac.kr 1 1.00%  -  -  -

tv 1 1.00%  -  -  -

nowonart.kr 1 1.00%  -  -  -

Table 3 A webometric impact analysis for the webpage category

Key findings:

•Surprisingly, inside Korea, the term “Edinburgh Musical” attracted more domains than the term “Daegu Musical”

•“Edinburgh Musical” attracted diverse domains such as go.kr, re.kr, and ac.kr within Korea.

•In comparison to Edinburgh, Daegu is a relative newcomer to the festival industry.

ResultsKorean Musical Industry: A Webometric Impact Analysis (Local) The News Media Category

Table 5 A webometric impact analysis for media sites

Edinburgh Musical -(Daegu) Daegu Musical -(Edinburgh)

STLD Domains % STLD Domains %

com 11 61% com 3 60%

co.kr 6 33% co.kr 2 40%

newsw

ay.kr1 6% - - - Key findings:

•Indicate a lack of interest among news outlets in terms of local musical events (i.e., the DIMF) and their tendency to cover international musical events.

ResultsKorean Musical Industry: An International ComparisonWebometric Impact Analysis

Table 6 A webometric impact analysis Key findings:•Official websites of the events had low visibility

• Unlike Daegu, Edinburgh attracted considerable attention from domains inside the U.K. (83 co.uk domains).

•“Daegu Musical” (10 domains) attracted more .net domains than “Edinburgh Musical” (5 domians).

• In addition, “Edinburgh Musical” attracted a diverse range of domains.

•Unlike Endiburgh, Daegu attracted few global social networking sites: myspace.com (3), scribd.com (13), facebook.com (5), and myspace.com (3).

　

　 Edinburgh Musical -(Daegu)

　

　

　 Daegu Musical -(Edinburgh)

　

STLDDomain

s% STLD

Domain

s%

com 11847.40

%com 162 83.10%

co.uk 8333.30

%org 11 5.60%

org.uk 13 5.20% net 10 5.10%

org 10 4.00% mil 2 1.00%

ac.uk 6 2.40% co.kr 1 0.50%

net 5 2.00% go.kr 1 0.50%

tv 2 0.80% or.kr 1 0.50%

edu 2 0.80% info 1 0.50%

com.au 2 0.80% nl 1 0.50%

gov.uk 1 0.40% de 1 0.50%

eu 1 0.40% it 1 0.50%

ac.at 1 0.40% ac.za 1 0.50%

info 1 0.40% co.uk 1 0.50%

fi 1 0.40% tv 1 0.50%

biz 1 0.40% 　 - - -

me.uk 1 0.40% 　 - - -

parliament.u

k1 0.40% 　 - - -

Results Korean Musical Industry: A Triple Helix Analysis (International)Hit Counts

Domain E D M ED EM DM EDM

All 32100000 506000 122000000 96000 8190000 37400 22300

UK 19100000 12400 7060000 18900 1120000 2200 2200

Korea 5100 182000 157000 129 3270 8210 64

Com 19000000 382000 95000000 52200 3130000 31700 16200

Net 425000 20300 4470000 5280 79800 2740 2290

English 30700000 319000 91100000 68800 7210000 19800 20500

Korean 4540 183000 109000 107 2700 3270 57

Sum 101334640 1604700 319896000 241416 19735770 105320 63611

Table 9. Results of TH-based searches using Bing.com

Results Korean Musical Industry: A Triple Helix Analysis (International)Hit Counts

Figure 4. T-values in two and three dimensions

Discussion & conclusion

This study makes innovative use of the TH model and its indicators by applying them to the musical industry.

Daegu has yet to emerge as a musical hub on international fronts over web. To maximize the economic and social impact of

Daegu as social hub; the organizer should target a diverse range of websites (e.g., social networking sites and commercial sites) as well as some specific domains (e.g., .co).

Limitations

Search engine reliabilitySearch engines generally do not provide

accurate hit counts Therefore, the T-values, which used only hit

counts, were only statistically valid.

Further, we tried to measure the events as two separate phenomena on the Internet.However, because the Internet is a global

phenomenon, such a classification method may not produce accurate hit counts for some terms.

Thank you

Comments/Questions are welcomed