Tretyakov Tretyakov Gallery Gallery

Abiyeva Marzhanai Abiyeva Marzhanai and Chernysheva Annaand Chernysheva Anna

TThe historyhe history 1856 1856 is c is considered to be the founding date of the Tretyakov onsidered to be the founding date of the Tretyakov

Gallery. That's when Pavel Tretyakov, a merchant by Gallery. That's when Pavel Tretyakov, a merchant by occupation, occupation, boughtbought the first two paintings of the first two paintings of Russian artists Russian artists "Temptation" "Temptation" by by N.G.Shilder and "Skirmish with Finnish N.G.Shilder and "Skirmish with Finnish Smugglers' Smugglers' by by V.G.V.G. Kh Khudyakov. In the late 50's, he adds udyakov. In the late 50's, he adds thethe works works by by II..II..SokolovSokolov, , VV..II.. Jacobi, A Jacobi, A..KK.. Savrasov and M.P. Savrasov and M.P. Klodt Klodt to to his collection. At thhis collection. At thatat time, Pavel Tretyakov had a time, Pavel Tretyakov had a dream to create a museum, which wdream to create a museum, which wououlldd househouse the the works by works by Russian painters. Russian painters. HHe began to collect e began to collect paintings paintings from scratch. from scratch. The collector acquired all that was The collector acquired all that was the the best in the art market of best in the art market of Russian artists. Pavel Tretyakov was not just a collectorRussian artists. Pavel Tretyakov was not just a collector by nature. He had a broad knowledge of literature. He had a broad knowledge of literature,, the arts, theat the arts, theatrere and music. Aand music. A..NN.. Benoit Benoit, an artist and a critic, , an artist and a critic, wrote about wrote about Pavel TretyakovPavel Tretyakov,, "... Tretyakov by nature and knowledge was a "... Tretyakov by nature and knowledge was a scientist. He correctly chose the best that created the Russian scientist. He correctly chose the best that created the Russian art.art.”” I.N. I.N. KramskoKramskoi, a famous artist, wrote about i, a famous artist, wrote about Pavel Pavel TretyakovTretyakov,, "This is a man with a kind "This is a man with a kind of of, must be devil‘, must be devil‘ instinct.instinct.””

In his first will, in 1860, Tretyakov left In his first will, in 1860, Tretyakov left 150,000 silver rubles 150,000 silver rubles toto Moscow Moscow forfor creat creatinging ““an an art museum or art museum or a a public art gallery ...". He public art gallery ...". He created the first museum in Russia reflecting created the first museum in Russia reflecting the development of Russian art and the development of Russian art and more than more than that his gallerythat his gallery become a public museum. become a public museum. Being rich, Tretyakov tried not to pay Being rich, Tretyakov tried not to pay intermediaries. Andintermediaries. And he he thought thought,, « «TheThe more more moneymoney you save you save, the more works of art you can , the more works of art you can collect." Pavel Tretyakov avoided frills. He collect." Pavel Tretyakov avoided frills. He helped the needy artists, widows and orphans. helped the needy artists, widows and orphans. He rHe reinforced and expanded the museumeinforced and expanded the museum.

In 1867 Pavel Tretyakov opened the gallery, which presented his collection and the collection of his brother Sergei. Visitors saw 1,276 paintings, 471 sculptures and 10 pictures by Russian artists, as well as 84 pictures by foreign masters. Pavel Mikhailovich exhibited his collection in his house in Lavrushinsky Lane. From 1872 to 1874 two halls of the museum were built, they were connected with the living part of the house. In 1882, when it was necessary to exhibit the collection of pictures from the Turkestan collection, 6 new rooms were added. Additional facilities also appeared in 1885 and 1892. 1892 was a landmark for the museum, that year Pavel Tretyakov gave his collections as a gift to the city of Moscow. Then in 1887 the collection included paintings, 518 drawings and sculptures by Russian artists of the 18-19th centuries, as well as the works by Western European masters. A year later, the official opening of the Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov took place. After the death of Pavel Tretyakov in 1898, his work was continued by other patrons.

In the years of 1902-1904 under the supervision of A. Kalmykov V. M. Vasnetsov built the famous facade, which became the emblem of the Tretyakov Gallery. The facades of the building were designed by the architect V. Bashirov with the drawings by the artist V. Vasnetsov. On April 2, 1913 Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar, an artist, restorer and arts critic, was elected a trustee of the museum,. Thanks to him, the Tretyakov Gallery was established by the European type - in chronological order. In December 1913, the museum was opened to visitors. After the revolution in 1918, the museum was renamed the State Tretyakov Gallery and was declared state property of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. I. Grabar became the director of the gallery. A great contribution to the development of the museum, including the expansion and equipping, was made by the architect A.V. Schusev. During the war, most of the exhibits were evacuated to Novosibirsk. The building itself was damaged by bombing. On the 100th anniversary of the museum in 1956, the collection included over 35,000 works of art. Ju. K. Korolev, the museum's director from 1980 to 1992, contributed much to the expansion of the museum. In 1989 a new engineering building was built, which housed a conference hall, a data processing centre, children's studio and exhibition halls. After the reconstruction of the museum the Tretyakov Gallery ensemble included the architectural monument of the XVIIth century - the church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi. It was restored, sanctified and became the home church of the museum.

Tretyakov GalleryTretyakov Gallery. P. Picturesictures..

The museum has many rooms and each masterpiece can be found. Pavel

Tretyakov highly valued the creativity of V.G. Perov. In the 1860s

several of his paintings including the "Rural procession on Easter"

and «Troika» as well as some portraits were purchased .

In the collection there are pictures that reflect some episodes of Russian

history. There is a portrait gallery of famous composers, writers and

artists of Russia – K.P. Bryullov, V.A. Tropinin and V.G. Perov,

A.N. Ostrovsky, F.M. Dostoevsky, I.S. Turgenev and N.A. Nekrasov

and V.I. Dahl.

TTroikaroika Rural procession on EasterRural procession on Easter

• Tretyakov supported formed at the time of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions (TPHV). Many of the paintings were acquired at those shows. In 1870 Pavel Tretyakov acquired such famous paintings as "Christ in the Desert" by I.N. Kramskoi and "Pinery" by I.I. Shishkin, "The Rooks Have Arrived" by A.K. Savrasov and "Peter I Interrogating the Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich" by N.N. Ge. One of Tretyakov’s most expensive acquisitions was the work of V.V. Vereshchagin – the Turkestan collection of paintings and sketches. Later the collection was enriched with the pictures by I.Ye. Repin and V.I. Surikov, V.M. Vasnetsov and I.I. Shishkin, I.N. Kramskoi and some other famous artists. In the Tretyakov Gallery, we see the works by Repin, Ivanov, Kuindzhi, Bryullov, Vrubel and many others. One of the most talked about exhibits is "Black Square" by Malevich.

"The Rooks Have Arrived" "The Rooks Have Arrived" by by AK AK SavrasovSavrasov "Black Square" by Malevich"Black Square" by Malevich