trends in u.s. immigration - brookings institution · 2016. 7. 21. · immigration is at an...
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Jill H. Wilson, Research Analyst
Trends in U.S. Immigration
Public Administration in the Midst of Diversity: Social Equity and Immigration American Society of Public Administrators National Conference
Miami, Florida - March 24, 2009
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One-fifth of the world’s migrants are in the US
Source: UN 2005
Other countries
49%
Australia2% Spain
3%
India3%
Canada3%
Saudi Arabia3%
France3%
Germany5%
Russia6%
US20%
UK3%
WORLD IMMIGRANTS: 190,633,564
TOP 10 COUNTRIES: 52% of world’s total
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Source: Globalization, Urbanization, and Migration (GUM) project
Nearly half of the world’s metropolitan areas with more than 1M migrants are in the US.
Miami
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10.3 13.5 13.9 14.2 11.6 10.3 9.7 9.6 14.1 19.8 38.131.1
13.6%
11.6%
6.9%
5.4%4.7%
6.2%
12.6%
14.7%
11.1%
7.9%
13.2%
8.8%
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2007
Pop
ulat
ion
in M
illio
ns
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
Per
cent
of T
otal
Pop
ulat
ion
Population Percent of Population
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Total Foreign Born and Share Foreign Born in the United States, 1900-2007
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Immigration is at an all-time high in the U.S.
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Net Immigration,
42.3%Natural
Increase, 57.7%
Components of population change, 2000-2005
Source: Population Estimates, US Census Bureau
Forty-two percent of US population growth comes directly from immigration.
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Foreign-born Proportion of US Civilian Labor Force and Total Population, 1970-2007
Immigrant workers are a growing segment of the labor force
12.6
4.86.2
7.9
11.19.3
12.5
15.7
6.75.3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1970 1980 1990 2000 2007
% of total population
% of labor force
Source: Migration Information Source compilation of Census Bureau data
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Source: ACS, 2007
Characteristics of immigrants: employment, poverty, education, language, family type
Foreign NativeUnemployed 3.6 4.1Below poverty level 15.6 12.6
32.026.915.652.463.0
Less than high school 12.4BA or higher 27.5English only at home 90.3Limited English proficient 1.9Married couple family 59.8
Percent of foreign- and native-born by characteristic
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Estimated legal status of the foreign born, 2005
Source: Passel, 2006
Unauthorized Migrants
11.1 million30%
Temporary Legal Residents 1.3 million
3%
Naturalized Citizens (former
LPRs) 12.8 million
35%
Legal Permanent Residents (LPRs)
11.8 million32%
Source: Passel, 2006
An estimated 30 percent of immigrants in the US are unauthorized.
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2007
Immigrants’ regions of origin have diversified over the last several decades.
1970 2007
Asia9%
Africa1%
Other9%
Other Latin America
11%
Mexico8%
Europe62%
Mexico30%
Other Latin America
23%
Asia27%
Europe13%
Africa4%
Other3%
Place of birth forthe foreign born
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1 Mexico 11,7392 Philippines 1,7013 India 1,5024 China 1,3645 El Salvador 1,1046 Vietnam 1,1017 Korea 1,0438 Cuba 9839 Canada 830
10 Dominican Republic 756Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2007
Mexican immigrants dominate; diverse origins round out the top ten countries.
Foreign-born Persons Residing in the U.S., 2007(thousands)
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India11% Italy
10%
China6%
Canada6%Other
62% Germany5%
Mexico65%
Other26%
Philippines2%
Guatemala1%
Canada3%
India3%
Mexico17%
Laos9%
India6%
Vietnam5%Ethiopia
4%
Other59%
Pittsburgh
Origin countries vary greatly by metropolitan area.
Phoenix
MinneapolisCuba31%
Colombia7%
Jamaica6%
Nicaragua5%
Other42%
Haiti9%
Miami
ACS2007
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Percent Foreign Born
Percent of foreign born who entered since 2000
30 or above
1.09 - 4.54
4.55 - 12.40
12.41 - 15.91
15.92 - 27.24
U.S. = 12.4
Source: ACS, 2006
States with the most recent arrivals have little experience with immigration.
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Source: ACS, 2007
New York 5,329Los Angeles 4,489Miami 2,005Chicago 1,679San Francisco 1,245Houston 1,205Dallas 1,092Washington 1,089Riverside 912Phoenix 736
Metropolitan areas with the largest number of immigrants, 2007
Foreign-born population (thousands)by metropolitanarea, 2007
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Source: ACS, 2007
Metropolitan areas with the highest proportions of immigrants, 2007
San Jose, CA 37.2Miami, FL 37.0Los Angeles, CA 34.9San Francisco, CA 29.6McAllen, TX 28.5New York, NY 28.3El Paso, TX 26.7Stockton, CA 24.3Oxnard, CA 23.2San Diego, CA 22.7
Percent foreignborn by metropolitanarea, 2007
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Source: ACS, 2007
The fastest-growing immigrant destinations are in the Southeast.
Percent growthIn the foreign-born populationby metropolitanarea, 2000-2007
Cape Coral, FL 122Greenville, SC 77Lakeland, FL 75Nashville, TN 74Little Rock, AR 74Knoxville, TN 72Indianapolis, IN 71Las Vegas, NV 65Birmingham, AL 65Orlando, FL 64
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Metros in the Southeast are among the fastest-growing immigrant destinations.
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34%
38%
41%
41%
52%
48%
47%
44%
10%
9%
9%
9%
5%
5%
4%
5%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
1980
1990
2000
2007
Millions
Primary citiesSuburbsSmall MetrosNon-metros
14.1M
38.1M
31.1M
19.8M
Cities and suburbs are defined for the 100 largest metropolitan areas based on 2007 Population Estimates data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Primary cities are those that are first named in the metropolitan area title in addition to other named cities with at least 100,000 total population in 2007. The remainder of the metropolitan area is defined as suburban. The 261 metro areas that are not among the top 100 are considered small metros. The remainder of the country is non-metropolitan. Data on foreign-born population come from 1980, 1990, and 2000 decennial censuses and from the 2007 American Community Survey, U.S. Census B rea
Size and Share of Foreign-Born Population by Location, 1980-2007
A majority of immigrants now reside in the suburbs of large metropolitan areas.
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www.brookings.edu/metrov i s i t m e t r o :