trends in supermarket architecture - emerson electric · digital shoppers seamless desktop + mobile...
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Trends in Supermarket
Architecture
E360 Forum • Houston, TX • October 25, 2018
Andre Patenaude
Director, Food Retail Marketing and Growth Strategy
Cold Chain
Emerson
2
RegulationsF-Gas + EPA + CARB + ECCC+ DOE =
Complexity
Digital ShoppersSeamless Desktop + Mobile + In-Store
Experience
Focused on ConvenienceDo more with Less, Last-Mile Challenge
Experiential RetailRetail-tainment
New Retail FormatsRetail/Foodservice Blurs
Strategic LocationsUrban, Smaller, High-Turnover Products
New System ArchitecturesSteep Learning Curve
IoT & Cloud-Based ServicesSimple, Safe, Sustainable
Technician ShortageComplexity vs. Simplification
Operations DrivenConsumer Driven
Energy Costs and IncentivesDemand Peak Charge, Time of Use Rates
Food Retail Is Dealing With Extraordinary Dynamics
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Refrigeration
Food Waste
Recycling
Supervisory &
Building
Management
Enterprise
Monitoring
Cold Rooms
Lighting
Bakery
Evaporator
Controllers
HVAC
Cargo Monitoring
Ecosystem Management & Energy Costs
CARB 2021 (New)
>50 lbs charge
<150 GWP
CARB 2021 (New)
<50 lbs charge
<1500 GWP
500 1000 1500 2000
R134a
Like
R404A
Like
R410A
Like
GWP Level
Pressure
R134a
R407A R404A
(3922)R448A
R410A
R513AR515A1234yf
CO2
NH3
R290
R444B
R32
= A1 Non-Flammable = A2L Mildly Flammable
= A3 Flammable = B2L Toxic, Mildly Flam.
CARB Rulemaking #2 (in part) (Oct.24th Meeting)
AC 2023/24
“US
Climate
Alliance”
May
Follow
CA Lead
Refrigerant & Architecture Decisions In
Context of Store FormatRefrigerant & Architecture Decisions In Context of Store Format
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Equipment
Energy
Economics
Environment
Toxicity
Flammability
Pressures
Heat transfer,
latent heat
Revenue
First Cost
TCO
GHG Reduction
Targets
Legal
Operations
Energy Mgr.
Design Eng.
CEO
Merchandizing
Finance
Sustainability
Officers
New Formats
Lack of Technicians
Experimental Choices
Utility Incentives
Clean Energy
System Integration
E-Commerce
Millennials
Fresh, Urban Stores
Natural & Low GWP
Refrigerants Options
Key Variables Stakeholders Trends
Holistic Facility Approach to Equipment Selection
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Quotes from Various Food Retail Engineering Managers
“Preferred system is plain, simple DX
refrigeration” with some “intelligent design” that
improves overall energy efficiency”
simple - smart - sustainable
“The biggest desired improvement is an open protocol system where all monitoring devices across equipment and the whole building have the ability to communicate with one another.” -smart-
“ One of my biggest pet peeves is the various telemetry systems we have. It would be ideal to have one system, at a high level, and to have that information pushed to me globally.” -smart-
“ As far as what’s out there today, & as far as me protecting the company; still lean to strong DX operation with ease of operation ” -safe/stable/simple-
“We see case controllers as simple because we’ve trained our techs on them. We put the time and effort in to training.” -simple-
“One of the things we need to see, we’re going to see, is more of a plug-and-play type situation.” -simple-
“We have to move to green!”-sustainable-
“We keep our Design Relatively simple DX refrigeration”
“I believe in keeping things simple.”
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Indirect Systems / Chillers MT
Integrated Display Cases
Micro Distributed & De-Centralised
A2L
<150
A1
Food Service / Cold Rooms
Centralised Racks
Future Refrigerant Options For “Future Proof” Systems in North America
A2L <150
Hybride / Cascade
CO2 Booster
A1
CO2
Retail Centralised
A1 Non Flammable
A2L Mildly Flammable
A3 Flammable
Growing/Decreasing
Niche
A1A2L<150
R290
Remote Unit - Cold Rooms
CO2
HFO A2L<150A1
A1
Packaged Units - Cold Rooms
Likely Refrigerant After 2021
CO2 (LT)CO2 (LT)
CO2?
CO2R290
CO2?
A1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWP
A1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWP
R290
CO2?
A1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWPA1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWP
Distributed Units <136MBH (11 tons or 40kW)
A2L <150
A1 CO2 (LT)
A1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWP
R290NH3
• Most Common Architecture
• Many Refrigerant Options: R22, R404A, R407A&F (High GWP)
• Highest Average Leak Rates, 25% Ave
(Targeted by Global Refrig Reg.)
• Highest CO2e or LCCP footprint
• Thousands of feet of pipe
• 3000lbs+ per System
• Familiar, Simple
Large Centralized DX
MT
LT
A1 CO2
Today Future
CO2
• Simple, Stable, Serviceable
• Equipment redundancy
• Optimize suction pressure form MT & LT
• Many A1 refrigerant options
• Lower leak rates in store Vs centralized
• Too many unit for large supermarket
• Poor remote visibility
• Difficult to pull performance data
• High maintenance cost
Individual Condensing Units
CO2
HFO A2L<150A1
A1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWP (CARB #2)
Today Future
A1 Application Specific
• Many A1 Refrigerant Options
• Optimize Suction Pressure for MT & LT
• Lower charge Vs centralized
• Location flexibility
• Small footprint
Distributed DX
Freezer Cooler
Low Temp
Condenser
Medium Temp
Condenser
OEM Mini Rack
(EMR Scrolls)
OEM Mini Rack
(EMR Scrolls)
Multiple Units Distributed Throughout Store
CO2
HFO A2L<150A1
A1 (<50lbs) <1500 GWP (CARB #2)
Today Future
A1 Application Specific
• Niche Application
• Commercial /Industrial
• HFC/HFO & Natural Option
• Full Natural Option
• Low Charge MT Chiller
• Low LCCP
• AHJ Approvals (for A3, A2L)
HFC
CO2
HFO
NH3
A1 <1500 GWP, Limited Charge
A1 Secondary or Cascade
A2L <150 GWP Limited Charge - AHJ
B2L – AHJ
MT
LT
Indirect Systems Chiller MT – Indoor Machine Room
Chiller MT
Future
HFC
CO2
NH3
A1
A1 Secondary or Cascade
B2L – AHJ
Today
Chiller MT
• Niche Application
• Commercial /Industrial
• HFC/HFO & Natural Option
• Full Natural Option
• Low Charge MT Chiller
• Low LCCP
• AHJ Approvals
Indirect Systems Chiller, MT, A3, A2L, B2L, Outdoor Machine Room
MT
LT
HFC
CO2
R290
HFO
NH3
A1 <1500 GWP, Limited Charge
A1 Secondary or Cascade
A3 Limited Charge - AHJ
A2L <150 GWP Limited Charge - AHJ
B2L – AHJ
Future
HFC
CO2
R290
NH3
A1
A1 Secondary or Cascade
A3 Limited Charge - AHJ
B2L – AHJ
Today
• R134a Top Side/ CO2 Cascade
• Commercial/Industrial
• Full Natural Option Available
• Energy Efficient in High Ambient
• Low Charge
• AHJ Approvals based on Refriggerant
MT
LT
Hybrid Cascade
Centralized, MT DX (<1500GWP), LT CO2 DX
HFC
CO2
HFO
A1 <1500 GWP, Limited Charge
A1 Secondary or LT Cascade
A2L <150 GWP Limited Charge - AHJ
Future
HFC
CO2
A1
A1 Secondary or Cascade
Today
• All Natural Solution, 0 ODP, 1 GWP 1 , A1
• Higher Pressures Vs HFC
• Higher Standstill Pressures Vs HFC
• Good Low Ambient Performance
• Long Piping runs
• High Ambient Strategies Required to
Improve Performance
CO2 A1
CO2 Booster Transcritical
Today Future
CO2 A1
• R-290 150g Limit, Future ?
• A2L 500g Limit, Future ?
• Water loop or Air Cooled Condensing
• Heat Pump Integration Option
• Flexible
• AHJ Approvals
Integrated Case or Micro Distributed
HFC
CO2
R290
HFO
A1 <50 lbs <1500 GWP, CARB#2
A1
A3 150g or Limited Charge - AHJ
A2L <150 GWP Limited Charge - AHJ
Future
HFC
R290
A1
A3 150g - AHJ
Today
R290 A3
HFO A2L<150 GWP
Packages Systems
Self Contained
A1
Today Future
• “Window Shaker Like” for Refrigeration
• Evaporator & Condenser on Same Frame
• R290 Compatible due to low charge
• <150g Limit
R290 A3
HFO A2L<150 GWP
Packages Systems
Self Contained
A1
Today Future
• “Plug and Play”
• Evaporator & Condenser on Same Frame
• R290 Compatible due to low charge
• <150g Limit
• Merchandizing Flexibility
R290 A3
HFO A2L<150 GWP
Cases
Self Contained
A1
Today Future
• “Plug and Play”
• Evaporator / Condenser on Same Frame
• R290 Compatible due to low charge
• Roof Mount
• Side Mount
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De-Centralized / Distributed
Supermarket < 10,000ft2
Refrigeration Solution Safe and Flexible Retail Solutions For All Store Formats of the Future
Condensing units
Solutions
(Natural / Low GWP)
Refrigeration
Food Waste
Recycling
Supervisory &
Building
ManagementEnterprise
Monitoring
Cold Rooms
Cargo
Monitoring
Bakery
Evaporator
Controllers
HVAC
Centralized
Large Supermarke
>40,000ft2
Booster & Cascade Solutions
Integral Display Cases
Integral Display Cases
Discounters & Small
Supermarket < 15,000ft2
1
2
3
Food Service Units
Cold Room Solutions
4
A1 / HFO,A2L
Charge limiting A1
R290 (150g) or A1 <50lbs & <1500GWP
A2L / CO2
Transport/Other
Transport Ref, Light Industrial,
Plants & Labs, Agricultural
5
HFO A1/A2L
/R290
Restaurants/ Catering / Kitchens
Stations / Urban Stores / C-Stores R290 (150g) or A2L Limited
A1 <50lbs & <1500GWP
Questions?
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