tree responses to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide€¦ · bangor university, north wales, uk....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Tree responses to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide€¦ · Bangor University, North Wales, UK. ... Gas exchange. Assimilation. Net CO 2 a ssimilat i on rate (µmol m-2. s-1) 0](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062607/602435155aff5845113c62da/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BangorFACETree responses to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide
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Climate change
Acidity
Ozone Nitrogen
CO2
Temperature Precipitation
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Where is Where is BangorFACEBangorFACE??
Henfaes Research StationBangor University,North Wales,UK.
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Objectives Objectives
Competition between British native tree species.Competition between British native tree species.Ecosystem C budgets following land use change.Ecosystem C budgets following land use change.C sequestration of old field C sequestration of old field afforestationafforestation..C and N dynamics of C and N dynamics of ectomycorrhizalectomycorrhizal and nitrogen fixing tree species.and nitrogen fixing tree species.
Land Use Change Land Use Change Climate Change Climate Change -- Elevated COElevated CO22
The UK forestry strategy is to create, expand and maintain a network of sustainably managed forests that are resilient to climate change and make a contribution to carbon sequestration
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Ash plots
N
ASH PLOTS
FACE
Ambient
Main winddirection
Plantedarea
CO2 tank
4 FACE
4 Ambient
Design
Fagus sylvatica
Alnus glutinosa
Betula pendula
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CO2 CO2 CO2
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COCO22 EnrichmentEnrichment
CO2 concentration
300 400 500 600 700 800
Win
d S
peed
(ms-1
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
20052005 20062006 20072007 30% of 30% of targettarget
Plot 3Plot 3 587.52587.52 543.36543.36 599.03599.03 73%73%
Plot 4Plot 4 576.33576.33 583.28583.28 584.53584.53 70%70%
Plot 5Plot 5 556.21556.21 549.86549.86 566.78566.78 79%79%
Plot 6Plot 6 566.89566.89 548.45548.45 567.78567.78 79%79%
• Supply is maintained from bud burst until leaf senescence during photosyntheticallyactive daylight hours.
• CO2 depleted in 13C ( δ13C -39 ‰)
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Gas exchangeAssimilation
Net
CO
2 as
sim
ilatio
n ra
te
(
µmol
m-2
s-1
)
0
5
10
15
20
25 AmbientFACE
Fagus Betula Alnus Fagus Betula Alnus
Single species plots Mixed Plots
Stimulation greater in Alnus and Betula than Fagus
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A E A E A E A E A E A E A E A A E ESte
m a
nd b
ranc
h bi
omas
s (g
m-2
)
0200400600800
1000120014001600
2005 2006 2007
Alnus Betula Fagus2005 2006 2007 2005 2006 2007
Above ground biomass20052005 20062006 20072007
AlnusAlnus 33%33% 25%25% 18%18%
BetulaBetula 28%28% 9%9% 13%13%
FagusFagus 39%39% 37%37% 20%20%
FACE effect for single species over three growing seasons
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Abo
ve g
roun
d bi
omas
s (g
m-2
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
MP
2005 2006
Ambient FACE
M
M
M
MM
P
PP
PP
200720052007 2006
Alnus 64%, Betula 35%, Fagus 1%
Betula 55%, Alnus 49%, Fagus -4%In mixtures growth is greater than predicted
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B AABB AAB
Ambient FACE
B AABB AAB
Predicted
Measured
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2006
27/0
8/06
10
/09/
06
24/0
9/06
08
/10/
06
22/1
0/06
05
/11/
06
19/1
1/06
03
/12/
06
17/1
2/06
Cro
wn
rete
ntio
n (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100Birch ambientBirch FACEAlder ambientAlder FACE
2005
28/0
8/05
11
/09/
05
25/0
9/05
09
/10/
05
23/1
0/05
06
/11/
05
20/1
1/05
04
/12/
05
18/1
2/05
Cro
wn
rete
ntio
n (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100Birch ambientBirch FACEAlder ambientAlder FACE
2007
27/0
8/07
10
/09/
07
24/0
9/07
08
/10/
07
22/1
0/07
05
/11/
07
19/1
1/07
03
/12/
07
17/1
2/07
Cro
wn
rete
ntio
n (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100Birch ambientBirch FACEAlder ambientAlder FACE
Leaf retentionIncreased leaf retention in Betula in 2006 and 2007
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MonthJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Pre
cipi
tatio
n (m
m)
0
50
100
150
200
Max
imum
tem
pera
ture
(οC
)
0
10
20
30
Rainfall mm Temp Max
2005
MonthJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Prec
ipita
tion
(mm
)
0
50
100
150
200
Max
imum
tem
pera
ture
(οC
)
0
10
20
30
Rainfall mm Temp Max
2007
MonthJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Prec
ipita
tion
(mm
)
0
50
100
150
200M
axim
um t
empe
ratu
re (ο
C)
0
10
20
30
Rainfall mm Temp Max
2006
844324
1111350
919506
Precipitation in vegetation period similar in 2005 and 2006
Strong summer drought 2006
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May
Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
ozon
e (p
pb)
0
20
40
60
802005
May
Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
ozon
e (p
pb)
0
20
40
60
802007
Ozone at
Marchlyn
MawrBangorFACE
May
Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
ozon
e (p
pb)
0
20
40
60
802006
High
O3
in
2006
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Sto
mat
al c
ondu
ctan
ce
(m
mol
m-2
s-1
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300 AmbientFACE
Fagus Betula Alnus Fagus Betula Alnus
Single species plots Mixed Plots
Leaf
are
a in
dex
(
m2 m
-2)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6 AmbientFACE
2005 2006 2007
Leaf
are
a in
dex
(
m2 m
-2)
0
1
2
3AmbientFACE
2005 2006 2007
Stomatal
conductanceGas exchange
Betula Alnus
Stomatal
conductance
X
leaf area
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Location
POPFACE
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POPFACE Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment
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Transpiration diurnal pattern at 30-minute intervals from eddy covariance data (closed symbols) and from sap flow gauge measurements (open symbols).
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Diurnal stomatal conductance for Populus x euramericana.
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Fig. 3
Stem sap flow (g H2O h-1)Control
0 100 200 300 400
Ste
m s
ap fl
ow (g
H2O
h-1
)FA
CE
0
100
200
300
400y = 1.1051x + 10.946R2 = 0.8319
Sap flow in elevated CO2 (FACE) vs. ambient CO2 (Control).
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Stem
tran
spira
tion
(g H
2O s
tem
-1 h
-1)
0
50
100
150
200
250a b
Cloudy sky Clear sky
Daily transpiration for two specific days in 2002
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Fig. 7
02468
1012141618
09-Apr 29-May 18-Jul 06-Sep 26-Oct 15-Dec
date
sap
flow
mm
d-1
Predicted seasonal sap flow (mm d-1) in elevated CO2 (solid symbols) compared with ambient CO2 (open symbols) according to leaf area index (LAI).
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Effect of FACE on water use in P. x euramericana at full water capacity:
Reduction in stomatal conductance: 16 to 39 %
Whole-tree sap flow increase: 12 and 23 %
from Tricker et al. (submitted)
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Date:11/07/04 Day of the year: 193Time: 11.30WET T canopy 23.2 °CDRY T canopy 25.3 °C
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Andy SmithMartin LukacMichael BambrickovaPaul HillAnna WilkinsonGail TaylorPenny Tricker
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SCHOOL OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCESCOLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCE
BANGOR UNIVERSITY
LECTURER IN FORESTRY
The successful applicant will make a substantial contribution to undergraduate and postgraduate teaching and will be expected to develop his / her own
research programme within the School.Applicants should have a PhD in a relevant discipline and have published in
peer-reviewed journals. We invite applications from individuals with expertise in any aspect of forestry, but a willingness to teach forest operations is a
requirement of the post. Closing date for applications: [ ] 2008. Interviews will be held during the
week beginning [ ] 2008.For informal discussions concerning this position, candidates are encouraged to contact Dr David Wright, Head of the School of the Environment and Natural Resources, tel: +44 (0)1248 382289, e-mail: [email protected] or Dr
Christine Cahalan, Deputy Head of School, tel: +44 (0)1248 382337, e-mail: [email protected].
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Turnover
Leaf
litter
Soil
C inputsC allocation
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Ambient Elevated
Birch
Beech
EctomycorrhizalEctomycorrhizal morphotypesmorphotypes at at BangorFACEBangorFACE
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Harvest date
Spor
ocar
p bi
omas
s (g
)
0
50
100
150
200
AmbientFACE
1.09.2006 11.10.2006
*
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Soil CarbonSoil Carbon
Changes in C/N under FACE by depth
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
10 cm 20 cm 30 cm
Depth
C/N
ratio FACE
CNTL
p=0.027p=0.129p=0.063
δ13C ( ‰ )
-28.0-27.5-27.0-26.5
Dep
th (c
m)
0
10
20
30
• δ13C signal visible at 10 cm
• Reduction in soil carbon altering C:N
• Decreasing C:N with depth.
• Priming Effect
• Microbial consumption of old carbon?
• Further research in progress!
δ13C and C:N ratio of soil collected during rootcoring January 2007
FACEControl
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Fine Root Production Fine Root Production
Al der Fi ne Root Bi omass
0
20
40
60
80
100
2005 2006 2007
Y e a r
B i r c h Fi ne R oot B i oma s s
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2005 2006 2007
Y e a r
B e e c h Fi ne R oot B i oma s s
0
20
40
60
80
100
2005 2006 2007
Y e a r
A l de r N e c r oma s s
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2006 2007
Y e a r
B i r c h N e c r oma s s
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2006 2007
Y e a r
B e e c h N e c r oma s s
0
5
10
15
20
25
2006 2007
Y e a r
Fine root biomass
Necromass