travel market switzerland 2004 basic report...3.2 travel ratios by socio-demographics: it is the...

Travel Market Switzerland 2004

Basic Report and Database Specification

Prof. Dr. Thomas Bieger

Prof. Dr. Christian Laesser

St. Gallen, May 2005

Kompetenzzentren: Tourismus und Verkehr Regionalwirtschaft Öffentliches Management

Dufourstrasse 40a CH-9000 St.Gallen Fon +41(71)224-2525 Fax +41(71)224-2536 http://www.idt.unisg.ch

Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification 2

© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.

Contents

1 Abstract 6

2 General Overview 7

3 Results 11

3.1 Travel propensities overview: On the brink of decline, with growth terminated 11

3.2 Travel ratios by socio-demographics: It is the older, well educated and well off who travel 14

3.3 Duration of trips: 2 weeks trips loosing to shorter and longer trips 16

3.4 Choice of destination: Almost 90% of all trips go to Europe 18

3.5 Time of Travel: Trend of summer losing to spring and fall continues 20

3.6 Motivation: Gaining Time and Personal Relations in an Intact Landscape 21

3.7 Type of Trip: Are classical beach vacations replaced by wellness trips? 23

3.8 Sources of information The WWW definitely takes over 25

3.9 Travel Organization: An increasing number of travellers become their own tour operator 26

3.10 Modes of transportation: Cars and planes dominate 27

3.11 Type of Accommodation: Top hotels are on the rise 29

3.12 Holiday Homes: An underestimated type of accommodation 30

4 Market segmentation by motivation: Results of 1998 research revisited 31

4.1 Introduction 31

4.2 Results 32

4.3 Discussion 36

4.4 Conclusions and implications 39

5 Overview over literature on the Swiss travel market by the authors of this report 41

6 Variable Sets 43

6.1 Introductory Remarks 43

6.2 Households and person data (TMCH2004_Household_Persons.sav) 45

6.3 Travel file (TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav) 59

6.4 Destination and accommodation coding 86



Figures

Figure 1: Key travel ratios 11

Figure 2: Net travel propensity with regard to trips with 4+ overnight stays 12

Figure 3: Gross travel propensity by WEMF region 13

Figure 4: Gross travel propensity by type and size of municipality (agglomerated) 13

Figure 5: Gross travel propensity by size of household 14

Figure 6: Duration of trips (1+ overnight stays) 16

Figure 7: Duration of trips (4+ overnight stays) 17

Figure 8: Choice of destination (1+ overnight stays) 18

Figure 9: Choice of destination (4+ overnight stays) 19

Figure 10: Month of departure (1+overnight stays) 20

Figure 11: Travel motivation (1+ overnight stay) 21

Figure 12: Travel motivation (1+ overnight stay; new extended item battery) 22

Figure 13: Types of trips (share of cases 1+ overnight stays) 23

Figure 14: Types of trips (share of entries 1+ overnight stays) 24

Figure 15: Importance of sources of information before the trip decision 25

Figure 16: Travel organisation (1+ overnight stays) 26

Figure 17: Means of transportation to destination (1+ overnight stays) 27

Figure 18: Means of transportation to destination (4+ overnight stays) 27

Figure 19: Type of accommodation at destination (1+ overnight stays) 29

Figure 20: Level of data and their suitability for travel behaviour analysis 43



Tables

Table 1: Household size structure 9

Table 2: Households: WEMF region 9

Table 3: Persons: Population agglomerated 10

Table 4: Persons: Gender 10

Table 5: Persons: Age 10

Table 6: Key travel ratios with regard to trips with 1+ overnight stays 12

Table 7: 2004 Travel ratios by socio-demographics 15

Table 8: Distribution of duration of trips (1+ overnight stays): Differentiation between domestic and abroad 16

Table 9: Holiday homes: Selling and buying intentions 30

Table 10: Final cluster centres 32

Table 11: Demographic profile of the 4 clusters 34

Table 12: Travel profile of the 4 clusters 35

Table 13: Summary table (demographic and travel profile 37



Abbreviations

ANZMAC Australian New Zealand Marketing Academy

Cf. confer, compare

E.g. for example (exempli gratia)

CHF Swiss Francs

VAR variable

VFR visiting friends and relatives (type of trip)



1 Abstract

In 2004, for the 16th time since 1972, a survey on the travel behaviour of the Swiss population

was conducted. The database resulting from this project (Travel Market Switzerland 2004) is

still the most extensive one on private trips of the Swiss population.

This report gives an overview on

• Method/ procedure of data collection (cf. chapter 2), and

• Results (cf. chapter 3).

• Furthermore, 1998 research on the clustering of travel situations based on motivation factors was replicated as part of this report (Market segmentation by motivation: results of 1998 research revisited). Please refer to chapter 4.

• To give insight into previous publications on Travel Market Switzerland, we made a compilation of all related papers published by the authors of this report; please refer to chapter 5.

• Finally, a list of all currently available variables gives an impression of data available for research (cf. chapter 6).

A first descriptive analysis - presented in chapter 2 of this report - has shown, that with

regard to

• Travel propensities, Switzerland is potentially on the brink of stagnation or even decline.

• The duration of trips, 2 week trips are increasingly replaced either by trips shorter than 1 week or longer than 2-3 weeks.

• The choice of destination, Switzerland remains the favourite destination, even with market shares continuously declining.

• The month of departure, July remains the strongest month, followed by October and September. The trend of the summer losing shares in favour of spring and fall continues, with fall being the primary beneficiary this year.

• Types of trips, the fostering of social ties remains predominant (33% can be character-ized by this determination); however, travellers tend to increasingly combine different types of trips.

• Travel motivation, experience of landscape and nature, get away from it all, rest and relaxation as well as time related issues are among the most prominent ones. A replica-tion of an earlier study has revealed, that they are still 4 clusters of travel motives, rang-ing from Rest and Relaxation (34.5%), Family Holiday (34.7%), Curious Hedonism (21.9%) to Social Matters (8.9%). However, clusters with push orientation outweigh the ones with pull orientation, signalling an increasing market maturity.

• Sources of information, internet/ WWW has seized one of the most prominent posi-tions in terms of importance. Only friends and relatives prove to be an even slightly more important source of information when it comes to travelling. In contrast, all print sources have lost significant shares.

• Modes of transport, cars and planes still dominate more than ever; however, the share of trains has now been stabilised at around 14%.

• Type of accommodation, the hotel industry in general and 4-star and 5-star hotels in particular have been consistently gaining market shares, whereas one star hotels tended to lose towards the 2nd home industry. Holiday homes are still a favourite, as approxi-mately 20% of all Swiss households either own one or have privileged access to one; generating an overall 39 million overnight stays.



2 General Overview

Delimitation

Private Trips:

Private trips are defined/ delimited as all journeys by private

persons with at least one overnight stay outside their home and

away from everyday life. They include all leisure reasons. So,

when talking about private trips, one does not only talk about

vacations, holidays, fun, leisure trips, but also about visiting friends

and relatives, weekend trips, study tours, etc. (always including at

least one overnight stay).

Method: The data collection took place by means of self-administrated and

structured written diary like interviews with a preselected number

of households and all their members, surveying all their private

trips. For that purpose, the participants were contacted 4 times

during 2004, reminding them of turning in their completed

questionnaires. For the first time, the option was offered to

complete those questionnaires either on paper (print version) or

online (Internet survey). Consequently, 31% of all trips were

recorded online.

Sampling: All interviews stem from a representative sample of households,

located in the German- and French-speaking part of Switzerland

(consumer jury by IHA.GfK).

Size of sample

(non weighted)

The non-weighted sample consists of

- 1,540 households, including

- 4,081 persons, of which a large proportion undertook an overall

- 7,611 trips and

- 11,245 person trips (weighted per number of part.) respectively

Weighting: The cases are weighted according to size of household, WEMF

region, size of municipality (agglomerated, gender, and age (cf.

Table 1 to Table 5 respectively). We have refrained from the

weighting of further demographic coefficients (due to the quality of

the sample and the missing relevance with regard to their determin-

ing influence). The total number of cases remains unchanged

(internal weighting only).

Representation: The database is representative of 95% of Swiss and approximately

50% of foreign (assimilated) citizens in the German- and French-

speaking areas of Switzerland, i.e. for approximately

• 5.485 million Swiss citizens

• 0.714 million foreign citizens

• 6.199 million population in total



Extrapolation

of results:

(with regard to the

universe represented)

Based on the weighted data of 3'876 persons the extrapolation

coefficient for the weighted sample of 7'611 trips (with trip = 1

person taking 1 trip) person trips amounts to 1.599 (12.170 million

person trips).

For survey technical reasons, persons in collective households were

not registered. Persons older than 80 are underrepresented. Most of

foreign citizens in the survey come from the neighbouring countries

of Switzerland. Trips with a regular and homogeneous repetition

rate (for example to own holiday homes) are underrepresented (for

a complete corresponding list, please refer to the limitations

section).

Error terms: With reference to results and their extrapolation, the sampling

allows for the calculation of confidence margins. Those depend on

the size of the sample and the distribution of results.

The error term for a 95%-significance level can be calculated by

means of the following formula:

N

)p1(p̂96.1p̂

−⋅±=ε

with ε: Standard Error Term p: Share/ percentage of answers N: Number of cases in sample

Limitations: Due to the method chosen in general and consequently with regard

to the total number of trips, the following limitations have to be

taken into account: Comparisons with comparable data of the

federal census on the basis of the gross travel intensity show that in

Travel Market Switzerland, approximately 20% of all trips taken

have not been recorded. Among those trips are – with high

probability and depending on their degree of frequency – trips to

people's own holiday homes and trips to Switzerland and

neighbouring countries (with a high correlation between Switzer-

land and the location of holiday homes).

The differences reveal the widely discussed problem with regard to

the delimitation of tourism: Are frequent trips to people's own

holiday homes part of tourism activity or part of their daily living?

Thus, when it comes to the absolute extrapolation of data, there is

likely to be a systematic underestimation.

Work basis:

(Data basis)

The data is provided by means of 3 databases:

• Household data (TMCH2004_Household.sav), with case = household

• Households and persons data (TMCH2004_household_person.sav), with case = person within a given household



• Travel data (TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav), with case = 1 person trip

The variable sets are described in Chapter 6.

Approximate

price of Data:

Generally, the price of data is subject to negotiations. Nevertheless,

the approximate basis for the calculation is as follows:

• Prep Fee: CHF 500 Data Fee: CHF 0.013 per case per variable

• Data usage is only permitted inside a given organization. The publication of data and data derivatives (such as deductive and inductive results of data analysis) is strictly forbidden. Possible terms of any publication (of and by whatsoever means) are subject to special negotiations.

Citation (compulsory

upon publication):

Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2005): Travel Market Switzerland – Basic

Report and Database Specification, St. Gallen: Institute for Public

Services and Tourism.

The following tables give an overview of data specifics with regard to weighting. The figures

of Travel Market Switzerland are compared with those of the federal census, deriving a

corresponding singular weighting factor.

Table 1: Household size structure

Group Federal Census

Travel Market

Switzerland

Weighting Factor

Share of households with 1 person 35.2% 12.9% 2.73

Share of households with 2 persons 32.8% 35.4% 0.93



Share of households with 5 and more persons 5.1% 9.7% 0.53

Source: GfK Vademecum (2004); Database Travel Market Switzerland

Table 2: Households: WEMF region


Travel Market

Switzerland

Weighting Factor

Suisse romande 23.6% 20.9% 1.13

Alps and prealpine areas 22.1% 24.7% 0.89

Western Midlands 22.4% 25.0% 0.90

Eastern Midlands 27.4% 29.4% 0.93




Table 3: Persons: Population agglomerated


Travel Market

Switzerland

Weighting Factor

Agglomeration; population of > 200,000 33.3% 34.0% 0.98

Agglomeration; population of 50,000 – 199,999 19.7% 26.1% 0.75



Municipality; population of 5,000 – 9,999 4.7% 4.8% 0.98



Municipality; population of < 1,000 9.1% 6.8% 1.34


Table 4: Persons: Gender


Travel Market

Switzerland

Weighting Factor

male 48.8% 49.7% 0.98

female 51.2% 50.3% 1.01


Table 5: Persons: Age


Travel Market

Switzerland

Weighting Factor

< 5 years 5.3% 4.4% 1.20

5-14 years 11.7% 14.9% 0.78

15-24 years 11.8% 11.0% 1.07

25-34 years 13.5% 8.6% 1.56

35-44 years 16.4% 19.7% 0.83

45-54 years 15.4% 16.7% 0.92

55-64 years 11.7% 14.2% 0.82

> 64 years 14.2% 10.6% 1.34




3 Results

In this section, a selection of results is presented. The unit of analysis is person trip (i.e. one

person taking one trip).

3.1 Travel propensities overview: On the brink of decline, with growth terminated

Switzerland still belongs to a group of countries with comparably high travel propensities. In

general, however, a consolidation can be observed: over the past few years, all key travel

ratios have remained more or less stable or tend to decline.

Figure 1: Key travel ratios

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

1990 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004

Net travel propensity (4+ nights) Net travel propensity (1+ nights) Multiple travel frequency (1+ nights)

In detail, net travel propensity has reached

• 70% with regard to trips with 4 or more nights (decreasing from 83% in 1990; cf. Figure 1 and from 75% in the eighties; cf. Figure 2 for the long term perspective);

• 77% with regard to trips with 1 or more nights (slightly decreasing from 79% in 1995; cf. Table 6).

Growth starts to reach its limits, as multiple travel frequency and travel frequency are

declining. Overall, this results in a decline of gross travel propensity as well.

Four possible explanations for that development can be brought forward (all based on data of

this survey):

• Delimitation of trip: Due to an enlargement of people's personal environment (grow-ing distances between workplace and residence, combined with a rise in commuting time, multiple residences per household), an increasing number of trips are not inter-preted as private trips anymore (but rather as an activity in the regular life environment);



• A consolidation of a two-thirds-society can be observed, with an increasing share of persons having no or not sufficient financial resources (17%, up from 13 % in 2001) and another part having no time or not enough time to travel (27% of all non-travellers bring forward job-related reasons and time restrictions as reason not to travel; this number is up from 16% in 2001!).

• With the increasing age of the population, a third major reason not to travel is health related (10%).

• Finally, 10% of all non-travellers state that they are not interested in travelling.

Figure 2: Net travel propensity with regard to trips with 4+ overnight stays

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1990 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004

Net travel propensity (4+ nights)

Gross travel intensity, in particular, still varies a great deal:

• For reasons of income and general living conditions, the German-speaking popula-tion in general and people living in cities in particular generate a higher number of trips than French-speaking areas of the country and people living in the mountains and in the countryside.

• For reasons of greater flexibility and generally higher per-capita incomes, smaller households generate a comparably higher number of trips than larger households.

Table 6: Key travel ratios with regard to trips with 1+ overnight stays

1995 1998 2001 2004

Net travel propensity = share of population with at least 1 trip

79% 84% 77% 77%

Multiple travel frequency =share of travellers with more than 1 trip in % of all travellers

72% 70% 73% 68%

Gross travel propensity = number of trips per 100 persons

225 232 218 195

Travel frequency = mean number of trips per travelling person

2.85 2.77 2.83 2.53



Figure 3: Gross travel propensity by WEMF region

0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250%

French-speakingSwitzerland (Suisse

romande)

Alps, prealpine areas

Western Midlands

Eastern Midlands

WEMF Region

2001 2004

Figure 4: Gross travel propensity by type and size of municipality (agglomerated)

0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250% 300%

Agglo. with population=> 200'000

Agglo. with population50'000 - 199'999



Mun. with population5'000 - 9'999



Mun. with population <1'000

Size of municipality (agglomerated)

2001 2004



Figure 5: Gross travel propensity by size of household

0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250% 300%

1 person

2 persons

3 persons

4 persons

5 persons

6 persons

Size of household

2001 2004

Along the timeline 2001-2004 one can observe however that in mid- and small size agglomera-

tions/ communities gross travel propensity has increased as opposed to large agglomeration

where a relative decline has taken place. The difference with regard to the generating of trips

between cultural boundaries, as represented by the WEMF regions, has remained constant,

with all regions encountering small declines in gross travel propensities.

3.2 Travel ratios by socio-demographics: It is the older, well educated and well off who travel

Table 7 gives an overview over travel ratios by socio-demographics for trip duration 1+ and 4+

overnight stays. Among the groups with the highest travel propensities are persons aged 35

and older, the well to highly educated, persons working in managerial positions as well as

commercial and technical employees. Not surprisingly, pensioners heavily participate in travel,

too. In contrast, persons committed to an own business (i.e. SME owners and managers, free

professions such as lawyers and medical doctors, farmers) as well as persons having below

average earnings (such as apprentices, workers, etc.) tend to participate in travel less often

than average. Furthermore, travel frequency of SME owners and managers is particularly low

with regard to trips lasting 4 nights and longer.

Assuming that the share of persons employed in free profession or portfolio work situations is

increasing, one can expect a further decrease in overall travel propensities. Hence, the reasons

discussed before on why people do not travel are somewhat supported by these results.



Table 7: 2004 Travel ratios by socio-demographics

Socio-demographic dimension Net travel propensity 1+ nights

Multiple travel

frequency 1+ nights

Net travel propensity 4+ nights

Multiple travel

frequency 4+ nights

Gender - male - female

77% 78%

67% 69%

70% 71%

55% 55%

Age group - less than 5 years - 5-14 years - 15-24 years - 25-34 years - 35-44 years - 45-54 years - 55-64 years - 65+ years

65% 76% 60% 71% 80% 83% 86% 82%

55% 65% 56% 60% 72% 70% 71% 76%

60% 72% 56% 62% 74% 74% 77% 72%

44% 51% 47% 45% 54% 60% 58% 69%

Size of household - 1 person - 2 persons - 3 persons - 4 persons - 5 persons

81% 87% 77% 77% 71%

67% 76% 71% 70% 63%

67% 78% 69% 71% 65%

56% 69% 54% 58% 45%

Highest completed education - compulsory schooling - Apprenticeship/ vocational school - Vocational graduation - Middle school/ High school - Vocational master diploma - Technical school - Higher technical school - University of applied sciences - University - other

69% 79% 68% 80% 81% 83% 84% 81% 81% 72%

58% 70% 64% 71% 68% 70% 70% 77% 71% 61%

62% 71% 65% 73% 72% 73% 79% 75% 74% 67%

47% 58% 55% 58% 50% 50% 60% 63% 59% 51%

Profession - CEO/ Top Mgmt/ Chief publ. serv. - SME director/ executive/ owner - Farmer - Free profession (lawyer, MD, etc.) - Middle management - Commercial/ technical employee - Worker - Pensioner - Housework - Unemployed, looking for job - In apprenticeship - In middle school - Student at university - none of the above - In military service - other

90% 77% 56% 71% 82% 81% 68% 83% 82% 70% 57% 81% 61% 75% 62% 67%

73% 65% 56% 58% 72% 70% 58% 79% 69% 49% 59% 66% 56% 65% 75% 59%

82% 72% 38% 63% 76% 73% 59% 74% 74% 59% 52% 76% 53% 72% 62% 62%

66% 45% 25% 46% 59% 57% 46% 69% 53% 38% 52% 25% 50% 52% 50% 46%

Please note: bold denotes values higher than the median across all levels within an attribute/ dimension.



3.3 Duration of trips: 2 weeks trips loosing to shorter and longer trips

Figure 6: Duration of trips (1+ overnight stays)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1998 2001 2004

Year

Shares w/r to duration of trips

1 overnight stay 2-3 overnight stays 4-7 overnight stays

8-14 overnight stays 15-21 overnight stays more than 21 overnight stays

Over the past 7-8 years, the duration of trips has remained more or less stable. The statement

in the 2001 Travel Market Switzerland report, according to which the overall trend with regard

to the shortening of all trips seems to be over, can definitely be confirmed at this point in

time.

However, the descriptive analysis now clearly reveals that there is a trend of declining share of

2 weeks trips for the benefit of trips lasting 3 weeks and longer or then 1 week or less in total.

The long term development, including all trips with 4 or more overnight stays strongly

supports that statement (cf. Figure 7; data with regard to shorter trips are not available),

Table 8: Distribution of duration of trips (1+ overnight stays): Differentiation between domestic and abroad

Duration Domestic (Switzerland)

Abroad Overall

1 overnight stay 15% 4% 9%

2-3 overnight stays 24% 15% 19%






more than 21 overnight stays 5% 8% 7%

That general trend does not contradict the statistically proven perception of many Swiss

destinations and hotel managers who claim that the average duration of all stays in

Switzerland is still declining. In that respect, one has to be aware that

• Approximately half of all overnight stays in hotels in Swiss destinations are generated by guests residing in Switzerland. That share also includes business travel, a type of travel not included in this survey.

• Two thirds of all domestic leisure trips (surveyed type of trip) last 7 nights or less, while two thirds of all trips abroad last between 4 and 14 nights (cf. Table 8).

Figure 7: Duration of trips (4+ overnight stays)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004

Year

Shares w/r to

duration of trips

4-7 overnight stays 8-10 overnight stays 11-14 overnight stays

15-21 overnight stays more than 21 overnight stays

Therefore, and from a destination's perspective, efforts towards the prolongation of stay

should be replaced by efforts towards attracting long haul long term international travellers in

general. Additionally, and shown by a study of Laesser (2003), incentives should be provided

to short haul travellers to increase their party travel size.



3.4 Choice of destination: Almost 90% of all trips go to Europe

Figure 8: Choice of destination (1+ overnight stays)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1998 2001 2004

Year

Shares w/r to

choice of destination

Switzerland Neighbouring countries Southern Europe Northwestern Europe

Scandinavia Eastern Europe Overseas

Switzerland’s "pole position" with regard to the choice of destination remains unchallenged,

although a small but constant loss in market share has to be reported. Nevertheless: the choice

of destinations with regard to all trips remains quite stable.

With regard to the above, one can hypothesize that in the near future no significant shifts are

to be expected, mainly for two reasons:

• Travel behaviour in general has proved to be quite stable; deviations are of short-term duration (and thus without long-term impact);

• The choice of destination (and the travel distance) correlates positively with the duration of trips. Due to the stabilization of the latter, one key driver for destination choice shifting is diminishing.

When looking at the long term development with regard to trips with 4 or more overnight

stays (cf. Figure 9), a further consolidation in the shares of destination can be observed. About

70% of all trips terminate in Switzerland and the neighbouring countries, 20% to the rest of

Europe and 10% can be considered as intercontinental travel.

It can be hypothesized that the trend towards a significant increase in long-haul travel is over.

Numerous travel limiting facts of travel support this hypothesis, such as time and duration of a

trip, financial resources and changing general preferences.



Figure 9: Choice of destination (4+ overnight stays)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004

Year

Shares w/r to

choice of destination

Switzerland Neighbouring countries Other european countries Overseas



3.5 Time of Travel: Trend of summer losing to spring and fall continues

Figure 10: Month of departure (1+overnight stays)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1998 2001 2004

Year

Shares w/r to

month of departure

January February March April May June July

August September October November December

In 2004, the favourite months for the Swiss population to travel were July (16%), October

(12%), September (10%), and February (9%).

Travel months tend to be quite stable. However, the possible/ potential shifts, which were

discussed in 2001 (summer losing towards spring and fall) can be confirmed at this point in

time. Although the changes are only quite small, they are consistent especially in terms of the

summer losing. Currently, the loss is primarily in favour of the fall season.



3.6 Motivation: Gaining Time and Personal Relations in an Intact Landscape

Figure 11: Travel motivation (1+ overnight stay)

0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40

Nightlife

Comfort, Pampering

Time for partner

Time for family

Time for myself

Landscape and nature

Visiting sights, broaden knowledge

Spontaneous, flexible decisions

Beauty

Sports

Sun and Beach

Other

Travel motivation

Values relative to mean

1998

2001

2004

Please note: The values are standardized around a casewise mean of 1, with the highest value representing the relative highest occurrence within a casewise set of items (et vice versa). The original scales consisted of 4 points, ranging from 1 (not important at all) to 4 (very important).

One major change in this year's survey consisted of an expansion of the item battery with

regard to travel motives. Figure 11 gives an overview of items surveyed in 1998, 2001, and

2004, whereas in Figure 12 a rank order of the items (with values indicating the relative

magnitude per item in relation to the overall mean of all items) of the entire travel motivation

battery is presented.

Over the past 6 years, experiencing landscape and nature, time related issues and the visiting

of sights in combination with the broadening of knowledge remain among the most important

travel motives. However, one can note a significant increase with regard to sports, beauty and

nightlife, whereas the wish to be able to make spontaneous, flexible decisions has been

decreasing.

Looking at the extended list of travel motivations, items such as experience landscapes and

nature, get away and regeneration from the daily routine, rest and relaxation, diversion, visit

and experience sights and culture, and time related issues are among the strongest motives to

get away from home. In contrast, the other side of the ranking is dominated by travel motives

such as search for esteem, prestige, risk, personal challenge, do something for my beauty, and

other. Interestingly, much personalised motives (such as the latter ones) tend to be less

important as general (generic) travel motives. Further research needs to be done into those

items to determine potential drivers for this distinction.



Figure 12: Travel motivation (1+ overnight stay; new extended item battery)

0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

Experience landscapes and nature

Get away from it all (daily routine)

Rest and relaxation

Time for the family

Time for partner

Regeneration from daily home routine and job

Diversion; see and experience something new

Time for oneself

Visit and experience sights and culture; expand own horizon

Sports (active)

Liberation from obligations (and relations)

Enjoyment of comfort and pampering

Relative magnitude

0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50


Sun and beach

Make contact with new people

Ability to make flexible, spontaneous decisions

other

Experience of nativeness

Challenge and stimulate oneself

Experience of exotic

Enjoy nightlife

Do something for my beauty

Experience of adventure and perhaps even risk

Termination/ conclusion of a phase in one's life by means of a trip

Search for esteem

Prestigious character of trip

Relative magnitude

Please note: The values indicate the individual relative magnitude per item in relation to the overall mean of all items of travel motivation. The original scales consisted of 4 points, ranging from 1 (not important at all) to 4 (very important).



3.7 Type of Trip: Are classical beach vacations replaced by wellness trips?

Figure 13: Types of trips (share of cases 1+ overnight stays)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1998 2001 2004

Year

Share of cases

"great" and "core"

relevance

w/r to type of trip

Beach holiday by an ocean or lake City trip

Excursion/ sightseeing/ study trip Cruise

Holiday in the countryside Holiday in the mountains (not winter)

Health-oriented trip/ wellness trip Winter holiday in the snow

Sports holiday Event trip

Theme park trip Shopping trip

Visiting friends and relatives Other type of trip

Please note: In 1998 and 2001, the typologies of trips were recorded dichotomously, whereas in 2004, a 4 point Likert-scale (ranging from no relevance at all to key/ core relevance) was applied, including the top 2 labels (key/ core relevance and rather great rele-vance in the analysis.

Similar to the travel motivation, the item battery with regard to types of trip as well as the

scale has been adapted/ extended. In previous surveys, the test persons had to indicate on

the basis of a multinomial scale by what type of trip their own trip could be clearly character-

ised. In 2004 however, the scale was changed to a 4 point Likert scale (ranging from no

relevance at all to key/ core relevance), with the option for multi-classification. Therefore, a

comparison of results is limited, if not critical. Anyway, in Figure 13, the shares of cases are

presented; in contrast, Figure 13 (2004) gives an overview of the share of entries. In both

figures, only 2004 entries with rather great relevance and key/ core relevance were included in

the analysis.

Basically, 3 types of trips dominate the majority of travel. 15% of all trips are aimed at

fostering social networks (visit friends and relatives, family event/ reason), 13% at physical

activity (sports and health oriented; if beach vacations are included in this scheme, the share

amounts to 21%), and another 18% at experiencing and encountering new environments (city

trip, sightseeing trip, study tour, and language trip). When comparing the shares of 2004 to

2001 and 1998, one notices the loss (in terms of share of cases) with regard to beach vacation

in favour of health oriented trips, city trips, sports holidays and cruises. There is a set of

multiple reasons which might have led to that result: First of all, travellers tend to increas-

ingly combine multiple types of trips (which leads to a relative decrease of certain



formerly predominant types; cf. Figure 14). Secondly, the great 2003 summer in Central

Europe might have resulted in less demand for a beach vacation some months later. Thirdly,

the strong growth of low cost airlines has set a favourable environment for city trips: The

non-stop establishing of new routes creates options which have not been existent at the

beginning of this century. The same seems to be true with regard to health oriented holidays:

In Central Europe, there is now an entire industry providing wellness/ health oriented

infrastructures and services, not only matching current demand but obviously generating

demand as well (substituting other types of trips, such as a classical beach vacation).

Figure 14: Types of trips (share of entries 1+ overnight stays)

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Beach holiday by an ocean or lake

City trip

Excursion/ sightseeing/ study trip

Cruise

Holiday in the countryside

Holiday in the mountains (not winter)

Health-oriented trip/ wellness trip

Winter holiday in the snow

Sports holiday

Event trip

Theme park trip

Shopping trip

Visiting friends and relatives

Other type of trip

Type of trip

Share of entries rather great and key/ core relevance

1998

2001

2004



3.8 Sources of information The WWW definitely takes over

Figure 15: Importance of sources of information before the trip decision

0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60

Brochures of destination (communal level)

Brochures of destination (region to country)

Accommodation guide of destination

Accommodation guide of national or international chain

Brochures of tour operators

Travel agencies

Rail service/ train stations

Tourist information at destination

NTO in Switzerland

Ads in newspapers and magazines

Travel guides, books, journals

Video, DVD, CD-ROM

Travel fairs and exhibitions

Broadcasts in TV and radio

Teletext

Internet/ WWW

Friends and relatives

Other sources of information

Relative importance 2001 Relative importance 2004

Please note: before trip decision denotes the decision process stages leading to the first constrain-ing consequences (such as bookings/ reservation, definite choice of destination and accommodation, etc.). The values indicate the relative magnitude per item in relation to the overall mean of all sources of information.

With regard to the importance of sources of information, the WWW has now seized the most

prominent position (apart from friends and relatives). In 2001 the importance of this media

and its content was average only, whereas in 2004 it is well above average. Recent studies by

the authors of this report (for the 2004 ANZMAC conference) have shown that there is a strong

link between that importance of the source WWW and friends and relatives: Personal peers

are not only an end by themselves when it comes to providing information but take moreover

the role of supporting and complementing the WWW information analysis process. However,

traditional sources of (print) information provided by the destination are still valued highly as

well, although their importance is on the decline.



3.9 Travel Organization: An increasing number of travellers become their own tour operator

Figure 16: Travel organisation (1+ overnight stays)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1998 2001 2004

Year

Shares w/r to

travel organisation

Other Type of Package Tour

Group Package Tour/ Holiday without Travel Guide

Group Package Tour/ Holiday with Travel Guide

Single Package Tour/ Holiday (free travel date, no guides)

No Package Tour/ Holiday

An increasing number of travellers organise their trip themselves. However, one limiting factor

must be mentioned: In a world of modularized tour operating and retailing, often combined

with individual travel-preparatory steps, the task with regard to distinguishing between

packaging and non-packaging becomes more and more difficult. Thus, the above-mentioned

results have to be reconsidered accordingly.



3.10 Modes of transportation: Cars and planes dominate

Figure 17: Means of transportation to destination (1+ overnight stays)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1998 2001 2004

Year

Shares w/r to

means of transportation

Car, mobile home, rental car Railway Scheduled flight Charter flight Boat/ ship Bus Other

Figure 18: Means of transportation to destination (4+ overnight stays)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004

Year

Shares w/r to

means of transportation

Car, Motohome, etc. Railway Plane Boat, Ship Bus other



Generally, modes of transport to the destination have been quite stable during the past 6

years, with the car dominating (approximately 60%), followed by plane (18%) and train (15%)

(cf. Figure 17).

When looking at the long term development though (cf. Figure 18), one can identify a

number of significant developments:

• Trains have been losing market shares all the way through the end of the 90ies. Ever since, one can observe a consolidation and termination of this trend.

• Cars have been losing market shares in favour of planes until the mid 90ies; over the past few years the car has recouped market shares basically at the cost of planes and trains.



3.11 Type of Accommodation: Top hotels are on the rise

Figure 19: Type of accommodation at destination (1+ overnight stays)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1998 2001 2004

Year

Shares w/r to

type of accommodation

Hotel/ Club/ Motel ****-***** Hotel/ Club/ Motel **-***

Hotel/ Club/ Motel * Friends and Relatives

Private Room Holiday Home by own proprietorship

Holiday Home at priviledged Rate Holiday Home at regular Rate

Camping, incl. Tent, Trailer, Mobile Home Other Category

The 2004 survey reveals a continuation of a trend already addressed in the 2001 report: The

hotel industry is regaining market shares. However, one can be more specific at this

stage, as the increase in hotel market share from a little more than 40% to almost 50% can be

explained by the increase of the market share of 4-star and 5-star hotels. Low star hotels (*)

have slightly but continuously lost market shares, likely to the 2nd home industry (which in

many cases provide better infrastructure at a similar price).



3.12 Holiday Homes: An underestimated type of accommodation

As explained earlier, as far as domestic trips are concerned, the choice of accommodation is in

favour of non-hotels, whereas with international travel, hotels are the preferred means of

accommodation.

Thus, for the second time in Switzerland, the special role of holiday homes was surveyed with

the help of a number of questions. The results reveal a large quantity of leisure travel yet

completely neglected. The following results reveal the top of an iceberg called holiday

residence travel:

• 9 % (down from 12% in 2001) of all Swiss households surveyed own or possess at least one holiday residence (either a house or an apartment);

• 12% (up from 11% in 2001) of all Swiss households surveyed have regular, privi-leged access to someone else's holiday home (privileged in the sense of free access or access at a strongly reduced rate, with a minimum of other obstacles of any kind).

Hence, in 2004 an estimated 650 thousand households enjoy really easy and convenient

access to a holiday home of some kind. The majority (2/3) of these are located in Switzerland;

other popular countries include Italy, France and Spain. The decline with regard to the

possession ratio as compared to 2001 can be partially explained by the willingness of the

surveyed households to sell their second residence; in 2001, this intention amounted to 2.9%

of households. In 2004, 3.7% of all households possessing holiday homes still planned to sell

their second residence, as opposed to 1.2% of households intending to buy one. Generally

(and likely due to low mortgage rates, a lack of attractive investment alternatives, as well as a

liberalisation towards home ownership by foreign citizens), in 2004 potential demand

surpassed potential supply (in terms of units owned by private persons).

Table 9: Holiday homes: Selling and buying intentions

Share of owners intending to sell

Share of non-owners intending to buy

2001 2.9% (20 thousand) 0.7% (17 thousand)

2004 3.7% (24 thousand) 1.2% (37 thousand)

Those households (i.e. the ones either possessing a holiday home or having regular access to

one) in 2004 generated approximately 39 million overnight stays (-5% as compared to 2001)

of which a majority is generated in Switzerland as well. A majority (84%) did not rent their

holiday home to 3rd parties (i.e. non friends or relatives). Consequently, the majority of holiday

home beds of Swiss origin are cold beds.



4 Market segmentation by motivation: Results of 1998 research revisited

4.1 Introduction

In 2002, the authors of this report published a paper in Journal of Travel Research, exploring

the suitability of travel motivations for segmenting travel situations (Bieger and Laesser

2002a). A short version of the results of this paper was also published in the Country Report

Switzerland of Switzerland Tourism (Bieger and Laesser, 2000c). In contrast to classical

segmentation approaches which segment buyers/ consumers, the situational approach does

not focus on the person alone but includes the consumption situation as a whole. So, a travel

situation is made up of one to numerous persons, described in terms of socio-demographic,

motivational, etc. factors, as well as the trip itself, described by choice of destination, duration,

choice of accommodation, etc.

Motivation for travel and tourism has been widely discussed and researched. Summarised,

three streams of approaches have emerged over time: (1) type of motive activation, (2) type

of cognitive establishment of travel motivations, and (3), the methodology of surveying

and analysing travel motivation. With regard to (1), numerous scholars stress that travel

motivation is either activated endogenously within a person, or exogenously (e.g. by means of

promotion). In that regard, two types of directions of action have been discussed: (1) push

and (2) pull. Turning to (2), a number of authors, especially from Germany, differentiate

between apparent (manifest, aware of) and non-apparent (latent, not aware of) motives.

(3) Finally, and with regard to the 3rd stream, some of these studies have used a priori

segmentation approaches, mainly because the segments were already known. Others have

made use of a posteriori segmentation strategies. While a priori segmentation is based on

the discretionary selection of variables, the a posteriori segmentation can be based entirely on

empirically delineated segments. This present case is about an a-posteriori segmentation.

Summarised, there is a significant inconsistency with regard to results of this type of research,

basically reasoned by the great diversity of the socio-cultural environment of the survey

respondents in each study, the difference with regard to degrees of item reduction as well as

the overriding effect generated by either taking an inbound or outbound perspective.

Methodologically, we followed the same procedure as with the 1998 data, with one

exception: To overcome a potential test-person driven systematic over- and undervaluation of

motivation items, a magnitude value was formed, calculated by the casewise ratio of the stated

importance of one motivation over mean across all 25 motivation values. Then, and as a first

step, a cluster analysis was performed on 10% of the cases (trips) to determine the number

of homogeneous groups formed by the data. This analysis employed an agglomerative

hierarchical technique. To order the objects, we used Ward’s algorithm; the squared Euclidean

distance served as the measure of proximity. Quick Cluster (k-Means Cluster), an algorithm

using the nearest centroid sorting method of clustering, was applied to form groups from the

entire sample using the magnitude values of the individual responses on motivations. Second,

differences among groups in terms of motivations associated with each group were identified

by using SPSS multiple discriminant analysis (MDA). This analysis with clusters as the

dependent variable was performed to define cluster membership and characteristics. Finally,



cross tabulations with chi-square were employed to profile the clusters demographically and

with regard to their travel behaviour.

4.2 Results

A cluster analysis was employed to identify groups of respondents based on a similar

motivation structure. An examination of the dendograms suggested that a 4-cluster-solution

would be the most appropriate.

Table 10: Final cluster centres

Travel motivation (item) CL 1

34.5% CL 2

34.7% CL 3

21.9% CL 4 8.9%

F-value

Diversion; see and experience something new 0.81 0.98 1.00 0.99 346.12

Get away from it all (daily routine) 1.58 1.25 1.60 1.09 311.39

Liberation from obligations (and relations) 1.04 0.99 1.00 0.87 31.46

Visit/ experience sights/ culture; expand horizon 0.80 0.94 1.94 1.02 2,987.77

Termination of a phase in one's life by a trip 0.61 0.79 0.74 0.82 347.59

Rest and relaxation 2.14 1.08 1.05 0.92 4,266.02

Do something for my beauty 0.69 0.80 0.71 0.82 152.52

Experience of exotic 0.67 0.82 0.81 0.81 201.57

Ability to make flexible, spontaneous decisions 0.75 0.94 0.86 0.86 187.34

Enjoyment of comfort and pampering 1.02 0.96 1.03 0.88 28.29

Experience landscapes and nature 1.59 1.24 1.74 1.12 400.29

Enjoy nightlife 0.67 0.83 0.77 0.86 261.78

Make contact with new people 0.73 0.94 1.02 1.01 276.41

Prestigious character of trip 0.61 0.75 0.69 0.80 605.00

Regeneration from daily home routine and job 1.49 1.20 1.06 0.94 382.81

Challenge and stimulate oneself 0.65 0.88 0.80 0.86 396.87

Sun and beach 1.02 0.98 0.81 0.82 129.94

Sports (active) 1.09 1.35 0.78 0.93 407.08

Search for esteem 0.60 0.78 0.69 0.82 814.21

Experience of nativeness 0.68 0.85 0.81 0.84 210.69

Experience of adventure and perhaps even risk 0.61 0.80 0.73 0.82 577.39

Time for partner 1.49 1.15 1.15 0.94 322.57

Time for the family 1.37 1.61 0.88 1.17 491.22

Time for oneself 1.39 1.13 0.99 0.89 385.69

other 0.63 0.73 0.72 3.02 17,446.31

Please note: bold denotes values higher than mean + standard deviation per cluster; underline highest magnitude per item

The means for each of the motivation factors for the members of each cluster were calculated,

thus forming a motivational structure represented by 4 clusters represented in Table 10. The



summarized information of the descriptive statistics revealed the importance of all factors for

leisure travel for members of each cluster.

The highest ratings of motivation factors relative to each cluster are as follows (in

parenthesis: share of trips taken)

• Cluster 1: Get away from it all, liberation from obligations, rest and relaxation, experi-ence landscape and nature, regeneration from daily routine and job, sun and beach, time for partner, time for oneself (34.5%);

• Cluster 2: Get away from it all, experience of exotic, experience landscape and nature, challenge and stimulate myself, sports (active), experience of nativeness, time for family (34.7%);

• Cluster 3: Diversion, see and experience something new, get away from it all, visit/ experience sights and culture; expand horizon, enjoy comfort and pampering, experience landscapes and nature, make contact with new people (21.9%);

• Cluster 4: Termination of a phase in one's life by a trip, do something for my beauty, enjoy nightlife, prestigious character of trip, search for esteem, experience adventure and perhaps even risk, other (8.9%);

The F-Ratios indicate that all motivation factors were significant in discriminating between the

groups. However, the variables, which differentiated the clusters most were visit/ experience

sights and culture/ expand horizon, rest and relaxation, search for esteem, prestigious

character of trip, experience adventure and perhaps even risk. The variables the least useful

were enjoyment of comfort and pampering, liberation from obligation, sun and beach, ability

to make spontaneous, flexible decisions, i.e. rather generic travel motives.

Three discriminant functions were generated using MDA (available at the authors address

upon request). Function 1 with an eigenvalue of 5.337 explained 62.9%, function 2 with an

eigenvalue of 2.086 another 24.6% of the variation. Function 3 with an eigenvalue of 1.058

explained 12.5% of the remaining variation. The classification matrix revealed that 91.6% of the

cases were classified correctly.

A number of cross-tabulation calculations were performed to provide not only a demo-

graphic profile of each of the clusters (Table 11) but also to delineate findings on their

travel behaviour (Table 12). The chi-square statistic was utilized to determine whether

distribution differences were significant or due to chance variations. The results of the analysis

revealed that all profile variables differed significantly between the clusters. Although there are

determining interrelations between a respondent's profile variables and the affinity of that

traveller with a specific cluster, the importance/ relevance of that interrelation needed to be

differentiated. This was achieved on the basis of calculating a contingency coefficient. This

procedure revealed that from the socio-demographic point of view only age, profession, and

size of the household were of any significant relevance. In contrast, the interrelation with the

travel profile variables turned out to be slightly stronger (all variables proved to be signifi-

cantly relevant).



Table 11: Demographic profile of the 4 clusters

Demographic profile variable (Chi Square Value/ Significance Level/ Contin-gency coefficient):

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

Total

Gender (10.587/ .014/ .037) - male - female

49% 52%

51% 49%

46% 54%

49% 51%

49% 51%

Age group (583.532/ .000/ .267) less than 5 years 5-14 years 15-24 years 25-34 years 35-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years 65+ years

4%

14% 6% 8%

22% 19% 15% 12%

3%

17% 8% 9%

23% 17% 13% 10%

1% 5% 5% 8%

12% 19% 24% 27%

3%

10% 7%

11% 22% 14% 16% 19%

3%

12% 7% 8%

20% 18% 16% 15%

Highest completed education (199.258/ .000/ .160) compulsory schooling Apprenticeship/ vocational school Vocational graduation Middle school/ High school Vocational master diploma Technical school Higher technical school University of applied sciences University other

9%

31% 1% 8% 6% 6% 7% 7% 8% 18%

10% 31%

1% 8% 6% 5% 6% 7% 6%

20%

10% 34%

1% 9% 7% 7% 7% 8% 9% 7%

6%

31% 2% 9% 4% 8% 5%

11% 11% 15%

9%

32% 1% 9% 6% 6% 7% 7% 8%

16%

Profession (465.773/ .000/ .240) CEO/ Top Mgmt/ Chief public servant SME director/ executive/ owner Farmer Free profession (lawyer, MD, etc.) Middle management Commercial/ technical employee Worker Pensioner Housework Unemployed, looking for job In apprenticeship In middle school Student at university none of the above In military service other

3% 3% 1% 2%

13% 21%

4% 11% 16%

1% 2% 2% 2%

13% 0% 7%

4% 3% 1% 1%

11% 20% 5% 11% 16%

1% 3% 3% 2%

15% 0% 6%

3% 3% 1% 2%

12% 21% 4% 27% 15%

1% 1% 1% 2% 5% 0% 3%

5% 2% 0% 2%

12% 23%

3% 17% 14%

1% 1% 2% 3% 12%

1% 3%

3% 3% 0% 2%

12% 21% 4%

15% 15% 1% 2% 2% 2%

12% 0% 5%

Size of household* (491.727/ .000/ .246) 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons

5%

31% 18% 35%

7%

26% 15% 36%

14% 47% 15% 17%

10% 40% 14% 25%

8%

34% 16% 30%

* Please note: bold denotes shares higher than median within each cluster underline denotes shares higher than median across cluster



Table 12: Travel profile of the 4 clusters

Demographic profile variable (Chi Square Value/ Significance Level/ Contingency coefficient):

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

Total

Destination (1,122.371/ .000/ .302) Switzerland Austria Germany France Italy Spain Portugal Greece Former Yugoslavia Benelux (Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg) UK and Eire Scandinavia Eastern Euope Americas Africa Asia Oceania (Australia and New Zealand)

50% 8% 5% 10% 10% 8% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 3% 3% 0%

46% 7% 7% 9% 8% 7% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 3% 3% 1%

23% 7% 12% 15% 10%

5% 1% 1% 1% 2% 3% 3% 3% 5% 3% 6% 1%

47% 3% 17% 9% 7% 3% 1% 0% 0% 1% 2% 1% 3% 3% 1% 2%

42% 7% 8%

11% 9% 6% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 3% 3% 0%

Type of trip (Eta) Beach vacation (.196) City trip (.308) Sightseeing tour with car, bus or train (.313) Cruise (with cruise ship or house boat) (.191) Vacation in the countryside (.144) Vacation in the mountains (not winter in snow) (.180) Health oriented vacation (Fitness/Wellness) (.186) Regimen break (.185) Winter vacation in the snow (.288) Winter vacation in areas with warm weather (.207) Sports vacation (.281) Events trip (cultural, sports, etc.) (.199) Theme park vacation/ trip (.215) Study tour (predominantly private) (.201) Language trip (predominantly private) (.234) Shopping trip (.157) Visit friends and relatives (.204) Family event/ reason (e.g. wedding) (.219) other (.174)

1.66 1.36 1.23 1.10 1.41 1.76 1.53 1.13 1.73 1.16 1.52 1.12 1.19 1.07 1.07 1.18 1.51 1.20 1.44

1.72 1.66 1.52 1.34 1.53 1.66 1.53 1.30 1.92 1.44 1.85 1.47 1.51 1.32 1.32 1.42 1.94 1.55 1.59

1.34 2.22 2.00 1.22 1.32 1.38 1.23 1.11 1.16 1.19 1.18 1.35 1.22 1.31 1.14 1.32 1.47 1.19 1.48

1.14 1.47 1.23 1.05 1.10 1.19 1.09 1.06 1.14 1.05 1.13 1.37 1.11 1.13 1.06 1.18 2.06 1.56 2.11

1.56 1.66 1.50 1.21 1.41 1.59 1.43 1.18 1.62 1.25 1.53 1.31 1.30 1.22 1.17 1.30 1.70 1.35 1.56

Beacon of travel decision making (Eta = .103) with 1 = clearly by activities - 6 clearly by destination

3.9

3.5

4.3

3.6

3.8

Type of accommodation (1,456.877/ .000/ .363) Hotel/ Resort/ Motel ****-***** Hotel/ Resort/ Motel **-*** Hotel/ Resort/ Motel * Friends and relatives B&B/ Private room (Residential stay) Holiday residence owned by person from HH Holiday residence, rented at preferred rate Holiday residence, rented at regular terms Camping 8tent, RV, Camper Youth Hostel/ Backpacker Hut, Camp Farm stay Ship/ Boat (Cruise) Health resort/ Sanatorium Plane, train, bus, or car other

18% 21%

2% 12% 5% 9% 8% 13% 7% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1%

16% 23% 4% 20%

3% 6% 4% 11% 6% 1% 3% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1%

26% 40% 5% 9% 4% 1% 1% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 2% 0% 1% 1%

11% 27% 6% 35%

1% 3% 1% 1% 2% 1% 7%

1% 0% 1% 2%

19% 27% 4%

16% 4% 6% 5% 9% 6% 1% 3% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1%



Demographic profile variable (Chi Square Value/ Significance Level/ Contingency coefficient):

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

Total

HH members attending trip (1,112/ .000/ .305) 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons

10% 36% 16% 38%

15% 29% 17% 38%

24% 56%

8% 13%

29% 44%

9% 18%

17% 39% 14% 31%

Duration of trip (763.522/ .000/ .262) 1 night 2-3 nights 4-7 nights 8-14 nights 15-21 nights more than 21 nights

3%

15% 39% 28%

8% 7%

10% 17% 36% 21%

8% 8%

10% 23% 34% 20%

7% 6%

25% 33% 23% 13% 4% 3%

9%

19% 35% 22% 8% 7%

* Please note: bold denotes shares higher than median within each cluster underline denotes shares higher than median across cluster

4.3 Discussion

We discuss the major result of this analysis along the summaries presented in Table 13. The

attributes/ items listed represent the combined highest shares within clusters (bold in previous

tables) and across clusters (underline in previous tables).

Cluster 1: Rest and relaxation: About one third of all travel situations are clearly driven by

push motivations. People within this cluster stem from mid-size households; they want to get

away and rest, get rid of obligations in order to generate time for themselves and quality time

together with their partner. In many cases, children are part for the travel party, as well. They

preferably spend 4 up to 14 nights in the countryside, the mountains, and/ or on the beach,

trying to regenerate in terms of physical and psychological health. They like to stay either in

very good hotels and resorts or in holiday homes. Preferred destinations to do so are located

in Switzerland, France, Italy, and Austria, as well as Spain and Greece (especially with regard

to beach).

Cluster 2: Family holiday: In another third of all travel situations, people clearly aim at

spending time with the family, often based on collective sports activities or a native/ exotic

experience. So, the travel motivations are activated both endogenously within a person and

exogenously by the destination's attributes. However, the push dimension outweighs the pull

dimension. Consequently, the most prominent types of trips in this cluster are winter vacation

in the snow and beach vacations, together with the entire family. Preferred destinations to

spend 4-14 days on this type of break include Switzerland, Austria and Spain; the preferred

types of accommodation are friends and relatives and holiday homes.

Cluster 3: Curious hedonism: About one fifth of all travel situations can be characterised by

curious hedonism. Travellers in this group are basically driven by a mix of pull- and push-type

motivations, with the first one outweighing the second one. Visit/ experience sights, experience

landscapes and nature, get away from it all (daily routine), enjoyment of comfort and

pampering, make contact with new people are incorporating a predominant position. Conse-

quently, prominent types of trips lasting 2-7 days include city trips, sightseeing tours and

events- and shopping trips to the neighbouring countries of Switzerland, the UK, as well as the



Americas and Asia (with longer duration). Travellers within this cluster predominately stay in

hotels, motels, B&B and backpackers. They normally stem from comparably small households

(three quarters without children), with retired persons dominating in terms of their profes-

sional position.

Table 13: Summary table (demographic and travel profile

Cluster #

Cluster denomination

Market share

Type of motive activation

Profile variables

Cluster 1

Rest and relaxation

34.5%

PUSH

Cluster 2

Family holiday

34.7%

RATHER PUSH

Cluster 3

Curious hedonism

21.9%

RATHER PULL

Cluster 4

Social matters

8.9%

PULL

Predominant motivation (rank order within cluster)

Rest and relaxation



Regeneration from daily home routine and job

Time for partner

Time for oneself

Liberation from obligations (and relations)

Sun and beach

Time for the family

Sports (active)



Ability to make flexible, spontaneous decisions

Challenge and stimulate oneself

Experience of nativeness

Experience of exotic

Visit/ experience sights/ culture; expand horizon




Make contact with new people

Other

Enjoy nightlife

Termination of a phase in one's life by a trip

Experience of adventure and perhaps even risk

Do something for my beauty

Search for esteem

Prestigious character of trip

Gender Female Male Female n.a.

Age (years) < 14

35-64

< 14

35-64

> 35 > 35

Highest completed education

Other Compulsory schooling

Other

Compulsory schooling

Apprenticeship/ vocational school

Technical school

University of applied sciences

University

University of applied sciences

University

Profession Middle manage-ment

Housework

Non specified

CEO/ top management/ chief public servant

Worker

Housework

Non specified

Pensioner CEO/ top management/ chief public servant

Commercial/ technical employee

Pensioner

Student at university

Size of household (persons) 3+ 4+ 1-2 1-2

Destination (rank order within cluster)

Switzerland

France

Switzerland

Austria

France

Germany

Switzerland

Germany



Cluster #

Cluster denomination

Market share

Type of motive activation

Profile variables

Cluster 1

Rest and relaxation

34.5%

PUSH

Cluster 2

Family holiday

34.7%

RATHER PUSH

Cluster 3

Curious hedonism

21.9%

RATHER PULL

Cluster 4

Social matters

8.9%

PULL

Italy

Spain

Austria

Greece

Spain

Africa

Asia

Italy

Asia

Americas

UK and Eire

Eastern Europe

Americas

Type of trip/ vacation (rank order within cluster)

Vacation in the countryside and mountains (not winter)

Beach vacation

Health oriented vacation (fitness/ wellness)

Visit friends and relatives

Winter vacation in the snow

Sports vacation

Beach vacation

Vacation in the countryside and mountains (not winter)

Family event/ reason

City trip

Sightseeing tour with car, bus or train

Events trip

Shopping trip

Visit friends and relatives

Family event/ reason

Events trip

Beacon of travel decision making (activity vs. destination)

leaning towards activity


leaning towards destination


Type of accommodation (rank order within cluster)

Hotel/ Resort/ Motel ****-*****

Holiday residence, rented at regular terms

Holiday residence owned by person from HH

Holiday residence, rented at preferred rate

Camping 8tent, RV, Camper

B&B/ Private room (Residential stay)


Holiday residence, rented at regular terms

Holiday residence owned by person from HH

Camping 8tent, RV, Camper

Holiday residence, rented at preferred rate

Hotel/ Resort/ Motel **-***

Hotel/ Resort/ Motel ****-*****

Hotel/ Resort/ Motel *

B&B/ Private room (Residential stay)

Youth Hostel/ Backpacker


Hotel/ Resort/ Motel **-***

Hut, Camp

Hotel/ Resort/ Motel *

other

HH members attending ttrip (persons)

3+ 3+ 1-2 1-2

Duration of trip (nights) 4-14 4-14 2-7 1-3

Please note: Except with regard to motivations (i.e. cluster determinants), the attributes represent the combined highest shares within (bold in previous tables) and across clusters (underline in previous tables).

Cluster 4: Social matters: The predominant motivation of travel within this cluster is Other,

in terms of items not assessed in the survey. The types of trips characterising this cluster are

socially driven, with visit friends and relatives and family event/ reason in paramount position.

Hence, this cluster is more or less pull driven, i.e. travellers are exogenously attracted. The

trips, preferably to Switzerland and Germany, are normally quite short. Consequently, the



preferred type of accommodation is friends and relatives and occasionally one to two-star

hotels and motels.

4.4 Conclusions and implications

The clustering of motivations proved to be a valuable means of segmenting markets. The

socio-demographic situation of individual travellers seems to be least relevant. It is more the

anticipated travel profile (including the attraction of a certain destination) which determines

travel behaviour. Therefore, it is not the individual’s needs or benefits sought in travelling

which become important but the total structure of the travel group. Time as a scarce good is

intensifying that basic situation. Under these circumstances, the decision-making process

concerning the selection of activities and of an appropriate destination becomes very difficult.

When segmenting the Swiss market (where travellers usually take more than one trip a year),

marketers end up differing on the basis of either (1) distinctive offers in the case of Curious

Hedonism and/ or (2) the creation of activity options aiming at the clusters Rest and

Relaxation and Family Holiday. With regard to the 4th group, Social Matters, marketers have

to aim at commercialising the F&R vacation, again by creating activity options, in this case

especially for residents and their visitors.

What do destinations have to pursue in detail?

In any case, they have to ensure the potential visitor's awareness towards the destination.

Apart from that, and related to the difference between clusters, the following approaches seem

to be promising:

• Due to the prevalent push situation, the choice of destination in the case of Rest and Relaxation is likely driven by the availability of products desired by the travellers. From a destination's point of view, efforts should clearly be made towards improving the product in terms of creating new options, with communication serving as a means to an end to sell those new offers.

• Family Holiday as well is determined rather by a push-situation. Also in this case, the choice of destination is driven by the availability of products desired by the travellers. Hence, from a destination's point of view, efforts should clearly be made towards im-proving the product in terms of creating new options, with communication serving as a means to an end to sell those new offers.

• Due to the pull-driven travel motivations, for Curious Hedonism, the choice of destination is likely a constraint rather than a result of the travel decision process. One can assume that a provisional/ preliminary travel decision has likely been made already in advance. So, the options communicated by the destination on the basis of products and services are of value in themselves, not only because they enable the traveller to outline his individually relevant needs but more because they facilitate the travel group’s travel preparation process by providing an optimal mix of individually necessary op-tions.

• Finally, Social Matters again can basically be influenced rather by suitable products and services rather than communication. Exchange between locals and their friends and relatives can for example be enhanced by means of events, not only within a given so-cial group but also within a destination. So, a destination can either contribute to that type of tourism in terms of setting up own events or by providing a variety of support services for events within a private social network.

Summarised, the results implicate a continuous maturation of the Swiss market (the

majority of market subjects are sophisticated and experienced travel shoppers, the share of



frequent travellers is higher than 50%, their domestic buying environments are highly evolved,

they are price and quality savvy and aware of brands, and growth is little to non-existent).

Today, a majority of travel situations seems to be push-driven (70 percent) with 30

percent remaining pull-driven. In 1998, this ratio was close to 50/50. At this point we only can

hypothesize that the Swiss population increasingly seems to travel not because they are

attracted by a destination but because they want to pursue either specific activities (which

often can be independent from the choice of destination) or because they are pushed away in

order to regenerate and regain full physical and psychological functionality.



5 Overview over literature on the Swiss travel market by the authors of this report

Data of Travel Market Switzerland was used on a number of scientific and popular papers.

This chapter lists a selection of those papers.

Bieger, Th., P. Beritelli & Ch. Laesser (2004a). The Role of Friends and Relatives (F&R) in

Tourism Marketing – The Case of Swiss International Travellers. Paper presented at 2004

Annual ANZMAC Conference in Wellington (New Zealand), November 29 – December 2, 2004,

and published in conference proceedings.

Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2004b). The market entry of low cost airlines: Implications for

mode choice between Switzerland and Germany. Paper presented at 4th Swiss Transport

Research Conference, Ascona (Switzerland), March 25-26, 2004, and published in conference

proceedings and on STRC.ch.

Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2004c). Information sources for travel decisions: Towards a

source process model. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), pp. 357-371.

Bieger Th. & Ch. Laesser (2003a). Tourismustrends - eine aktuelle Bestandesaufnahme.

In: Bieger Th. & Ch. Laesser (Hrsg./ Eds.): Jahrbuch der Schweizerischen Tourismuswirtschaft

2002/ 2003 St. Gallen: IDT, pp. 13-38.

Laesser, Ch. (2003). Die Ausgaben für Reisen – das Fallbeispiel Schweiz. Eine Analyse auf

Basis des hedonischen Ansatzes. Tourismus Journal, 7(3), 307-329.

Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2002a). Travel Segmentation by Motivation – The Case of

Switzerland. Journal of Travel Research, 41 (1), pp. 68-76.

Bieger. Th. & Ch. Laesser (2002b). Swiss Travel Market – Aspects of consumer behaviour

in an ageing travel market. In: Tourism Review, 57 (4), pp. 23-27.

Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2002c). Future Living Conditions and Mobility: Travel Behav-

iour of Alpine Tourists. Paper presented at „Leisure Futures“, Innsbruck, April 11 – 14, 2002,

and published in: Weiermair, K. & Ch. Mathies (2004): The Tourism and Leisure Industry:

Shaping the Future, New York/ London/ Oxford: The Haworth Hospitality Press, pp. 253-264.

Laesser, Ch. (2001) Verkehrsmittelwahl der Schweizer im Fernverkehr: Resultate einer

Untersuchung auf Basis des Situationsansatzes. In: Kaspar C., Ch. Laesser & Th. Bieger

(Hrsg./ Eds.): Jahrbuch der Schweizerischen Verkehrswirtschaft 2000/ 2001, St. Gallen: IDT,

pp. 103-124.

Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2001). The role of railways with regard to mode choice in

medium range travel. Tourism Review, 56 (1&2), pp. 33-39.

Laesser, Ch. (2001). Familientourismus in der Schweiz: Empirische Evidenz einer

vielversprechenden strategischen Stossrichtung. In: Bieger Th. & Ch. Laesser (Hrsg./

Eds.): Jahrbuch der Schweizerischen Tourismuswirtschaft 2000/ 2001, pp. 103-124, St. Gallen:

IDT.

Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000a). Segmenting Travel Situations on the Basis of Motiva-

tion and Information Collection by the Traveller. Tourism Review 55 (2), pp. 54-65.



Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000b). Segmenting travel on the sourcing of information.

Paper presented at the 2nd Conference of the American Association of Consumer Psychology in

Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure, Vienna, July 6-8, 2000, and published in: Mazanec, J.A., G.I.

Crouch, J.R.B. Ritchie & A.G. Woodside (Eds.): Consumer Psychology of Tourism, Hospitality

and Leisure, Volume 2, Wallingford: CABI, pp. 153-168.

Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000c). Segmentierung Reisemarkt Schweiz auf der Basis von

Motiven. In: Schweiz Tourismus (Hrsg./ Eds.): Länderbericht Schweiz, Beilage.

Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000d). Reisetrends 2000: Vertrauen als Erfolgsfaktor im E-

Commerce-Zeitalter. St. Galler Tagblatt 23.03.2000.

Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000e). Reisen: Auch ein Geschäft mit Informationen. Travel

Manager 5/ 2000, pp. 16-18.

Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000f). Informationsverhalten der Schweizer Reisenden -

Ergebnisse einer Clusteranalyse. In: Bieger Th. & Ch. Laesser (Hrsg./ Eds.): Jahrbuch der

Schweizerischen Tourismuswirtschaft 1999/ 2000, St. Gallen: IDT.

Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000g). Information sourcing by Swiss travellers: A market

segmentation approach. Tourism Analysis, 5 (2-4), 2000, pp. 125-131.

Laesser, Ch. (2000). Ferienland Schweiz: Unterwegs zu neuen Ufern. Zeitschrift der

Handelskammer D-CH, 2/2000, S. 12-16



6 Variable Sets

6.1 Introductory Remarks

Travel market Switzerland 2004 consists of 3 databases:

• Household data (TMCH2004_Household.sav), with case = household

• Households and persons data (TMCH2004_household_person.sav), with case = person within a given household

• Travel data (TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav), with case = 1 person trip

The variables are recorded on different levels, according to the following structure:

TMCH2004_household_person.sav,

with the following perspectives:

TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav,

with the following perspectives

• HH: data recorded for an entire household, not its members

• P: data recorded for a single person in a given household

• PANEL: Data recorded for the panel person in a given household

• TRIP: data recorded for a trip (of 1 to numerous members of a given house-hold)

• PERSONTRIP: data recorded for each travelling person, or valid for each travelling person in a given travel party

Travel behaviour analyses are based on TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav. However, depending

on the availability of data of the traveller, restriction with regard to extrapolation of results

might apply. Figure 20 summarises those restrictions; they basically stem from different depths

of data of the persons surveyed.

Figure 20: Level of data and their suitability for travel behaviour analysis

Data on traveller Not available, i.e. there is only data with regard to travel items

Panel data available Household data available

Suitable type of analysis internal structure of trips and travellers; no extrapolation on universe possible

internal structure of trips and travellers; no extrapolation on universe possible

No restriction; extrapolation on entire universe possible

Travel group from HH travelling

Filter: none Weighting: w_sdpart

Filter: paneldata Weighting: w_sdpart

Filter: persondata Weighting: W_sdpart

Data on travel (perspective)

Person from HH traveling

Filter: none Weighting: w_sdpers

Filter: paneldata Weighting: w_sdpers

Filter: persondata Weighting: w_sdpers

The following 2 chapters describe the variables recorded, differentiating between

• Households and persons data (TMCH2004_household_person.sav)

• Travel data (TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav)

For each variable, the following information is provided:

• Variable Name (Variable) sets the name coding for a given variable

• Level informs on the level of recording (see above)

• Variable Label gives more detailed information on a given variable

• Measure presents the scale of each variable (metric, interval, ordinal, nominal)



• Values show the coding of variables (w/r to interval, ordinal and nominal variables)

Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification

45

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

6.2

Households and person data (TMCH2004_Household_Persons.sav)

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

kd_nr

HH

kd_nr: C

ust

om

er

num

ber

Metric

none

kd_pers

_nr

P

pers

_nr: P

ers

on n

um

ber

(cle

ar identifica

tion n

um

ber)

M

etric

none

q1

HH

, P

q1: ZIP

code o

f re

sidence

M

etric

none

q2

HH

, P

q2: N

um

ber

of pers

ons

in h

ouse

hold

M

etric

none

q3

P

q3: Pers

on a

nsw

ering q

uest

ionnai

re

Nom

inal

1 =

old

est

2 =

2nd o

ldest

3 =

3rd

old

est

4 =

4th

old

est

5 =

n.a

.

q4

P

q4: gender

Nom

inal

1 =

mal

e

2 =

fem

ale

q5

P

q5: Y

ear

of birth

M

etric

q5_ca

t P

q5_ca

t: A

ge g

roup o

f pers

on

Nom

inal

1 =

less

than

5 y

ear

s 2 =

5-1

4 y

ear

s 3 =

15-2

4 y

ear

s 4 =

25-3

4 y

ear

s 5 =

35-4

4 y

ear

s 6 =

45-5

4 y

ear

s 7 =

55-6

4 y

ear

s 8 =

old

er

than

64 y

ear

s

q6

P

q6: Fore

ign c

itiz

ensh

ip

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter)


46

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

q7

P

q7: H

ighest

com

ple

ted e

duca

tion

Nom

inal

1 =

Com

puls

ory

Sch

ooling/

very

bas

ic tra

inin

g

2 =

Appre

ntice

ship

/ Voca

tional

sch

ool

3 =

Voca

tional

Gra

duat

ion

4 =

Mid

dle

/ H

igh s

chool, G

ymnas

ium

, Com

m. sc

hool

5 =

Voca

tional

mas

ter

dip

lom

a 6 =

Tech

nic

al s

chool

7 =

Hig

her

tech

nic

al s

chool

8 =

Univ

ers

ity

of ap

plied s

cience

s 9 =

Univ

ers

ity

q8

P

q8: Pro

fess

ion

Nom

inal

1 =

CEO

/ Top M

anag

em

ent/

Chie

f Public

Serv

ant

2 =

SM

E d

irect

or/

ow

ner

3 =

Far

mer

4 =

Fre

e P

rofe

ssio

n (

Doct

or, L

awye

r, C

onsu

ltan

t, e

tc.)

5 =

Mid

dle

Man

agem

ent

6 =

Com

merc

ial/

tech

nic

al E

mplo

yee, Public

Serv

ant

7 =

Work

er

8 =

Pensi

oner

9 =

House

work

10 =

Unem

plo

yed, lo

okin

g for

a Jo

b

11 =

In T

rain

ing/

School: A

ppre

ntice

ship

12 =

In T

rain

ing/

School: M

iddle

Sch

ool

13 =

In T

rain

ing/

School: S

tudent at

Univ

ers

ity

14 =

None o

f th

e a

bove

mentioned P

rofe

ssio

ns

15 =

In M

ilitar

y Se

rvic

e

q9@

1

P

q9@

1: Typ

e o

f public

tran

sport p

ass:

Genera

l Pas

s N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q9@

2

P

q9@

1: Typ

e o

f public

tran

sport p

ass:

Hal

f Price

Pas

s N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q9@

3

P

q9@

1: Typ

e o

f public

tran

sport p

ass:

Zone T

icket

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q10a

HH

q10a:

Does

house

hold

poss

ess

car

? N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q10b

HH

q10b: If h

ouse

hold

poss

ess

es

car: N

um

ber

of ca

rs in H

H

Metric

none

q11a

P

q11a:

Does

HH

mem

ber

hav

e a

ccess

to c

ar?

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes


47

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

q11b

P

q11b: D

oes

HH

mem

ber

hav

e a

ccess

to c

ar b

y m

ean

s of ca

r sh

arin

g?

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q12

P

q12: Par

tici

pat

ion in tra

vel ac

tivi

ties

betw

een Jan

uar

y 1 a

nd D

ece

mber

31 2

004

Nom

inal

0 =

yes

1 =

no

q13_01

P

q13: Reas

on for

non-tra

vel: N

o m

oney/

tig

ht budget

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q13_02

P

q13: Reas

on for

non-tra

vel: N

eeded m

oney

for

oth

er

(urg

ent)

mat

ters

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q13_03

P

q13: Reas

on for

non-tra

vel: Job r

ela

ted r

eas

ons

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q13_04

P

q13: Reas

on for

non-tra

vel: H

eal

th r

ela

ted r

eas

ons

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q13_05

P

q13: Reas

on for

non-tra

vel: S

mal

l ch

ildre

n (

rest

rict

ing tra

vel)

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q13_06

P

q13: Reas

on for

non-tra

vel: F

amily

rela

ted r

eas

ons

Nom

inal

0 =

no1 =

yes

q13_07

P

q13: Reas

on for

non-tra

vel: T

ime r

ela

ted r

eas

ons/

tim

e s

carc

ity

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q13_08

P

q13: Reas

on for

non-tra

vel: A

ge r

ela

ted r

eas

ons

(too o

ld)

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q13_09

P

q13: Reas

on for

non-tra

vel: N

o inte

rest

in tra

vellin

g

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q13_10

P

q13: Reas

on for

non-tra

vel: o

ther

reas

ons

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q13_11

P

q13: Reas

on for

non-tra

vel: R

eas

ons

stat

ed a

t al

l N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q14_01

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Am

ount of Sp

ace

Nom

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

q14_02

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Furn

ishin

g

Nom

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied


48

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

q14_03

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Cost

s N

om

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

q14_04

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Nois

e im

mis

sion

Nom

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

q14_05

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Nois

e iso

lation w

ithin

buildin

g

Nom

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

q14_06

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Qual

ity

of ai

r N

om

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

q14_07

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Loca

tion, Q

uar

ter

Nom

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

q14_08

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Exte

rior

area

(gar

den, pla

ygro

und, etc

.)

Nom

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied4 =

very

sat

isfied

q14_09

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Poss

ibilitie

s fo

r desi

gnin

g the e

xte

rior

area

Nom

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

q14_10

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Length

and d

ura

tion o

f co

mm

uting

Nom

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

q14_11

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Public

tran

sportat

ion c

onnect

ion/

acce

ssib

ility

Nom

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied


49

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

q14_12

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Childre

n s

uitab

ility

Nom

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

q14_13

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Par

kin

g a

vailab

ility

Nom

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

q14_14

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Shoppin

g fac

ilitie

s N

om

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

q14_15

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Recr

eat

ional

fac

ilitie

s N

om

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

q14_16

HH

q14: Li

ving a

nd h

ousi

ng c

onditio

ns:

Ove

rall e

valu

atio

n

Nom

inal

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

q15a

HH

q15a:

Holiday

hom

e: O

wner

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q15b

HH

q15b: H

oliday

hom

e: N

ot ow

ner, b

ut re

gula

r ac

cess

to h

oliday

hom

e

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q15c

HH

q15c:

Holiday

hom

e: In

tention to b

uy

holiday

hom

e w

ithin

12-2

4 m

onth

s N

om

inal

0 =

no1 =

yes

q15d

HH

q15d: H

oliday

hom

e: In

tention to s

ell h

oliday

hom

e w

ithin

12-2

4 m

onth

s N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q15e

HH

q15e: N

um

ber

of pers

on-n

ights

in o

wn o

r re

gula

rly

acce

ssed h

oliday

hom

e

Metric

none

q15f1

H

H

q15f: Z

ip c

ode o

f ow

n o

r re

gula

rly

acce

ssed h

oliday

hom

e

Nom

inal

none

q15f2

H

H

q15f: C

ountry

code o

f ow

n o

r re

gula

rly

acce

ssed h

oliday

hom

e

Metric

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter)

q15g@

1

HH

q15g: M

otiva

tion for

holiday

hom

e o

wners

hip

: In

creas

e o

f flexib

ility

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes


50

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

q15g@

2

HH

q15g: M

otiva

tion for

holiday

hom

e o

wners

hip

: Fam

ily

meeting p

oin

t N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q15g@

3

HH

q15g: M

otiva

tion for

holiday

hom

e o

wners

hip

: In

vest

ment pro

perty/

fin

anci

al inve

stm

ent

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q15g@

4

HH

q15g: M

otiva

tion for

holiday

hom

e o

wners

hip

: Rela

xat

ion/

wellness

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q15g@

5

HH

q15g: M

otiva

tion for

holiday

hom

e o

wners

hip

: Sp

orts

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q15g@

6

HH

q15g: M

otiva

tion for

holiday

hom

e o

wners

hip

: H

om

e o

wners

hip

dete

rmin

es

pers

onal

ity

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q15g@

7

HH

q15g: M

otiva

tion for

holiday

hom

e o

wners

hip

: In

herita

ge

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q15g@

8

HH

q15g: M

otiva

tion for

holiday

hom

e o

wners

hip

: oth

er

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q15h

HH

q15h: H

oliday

hom

e: Rent out obje

ct to 3

rd p

arties

(i.e

. no friends

and fam

ily)

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

q15i

HH

q15i: H

oliday

hom

e: N

um

ber

of nig

hts

of re

nta

ls to n

o3rd

par

ties

Metric

none

q15j

HH

q15j:

Holiday

hom

e: Affin

ity/

read

iness

to r

ent holiday

hom

e to third p

arties

Nom

inal

1 =

very

low

2 =

rat

her

low

3 =

rat

her

hig

h

4 =

very

hig

h

q15k@

01

HH

q15k: M

eas

ure

s to

incr

eas

e r

ead

iness

to r

ent: C

alcu

lus

mas

terb

atch

O

rdin

al

1 =

best

meas

ure

2 =

2nd b

est

meas

ure

...

10 =

10th

best

meas

ure

q15k@

02

HH

q15k: M

eas

ure

s to

incr

eas

e r

ead

iness

to r

ent: C

ontrac

t m

aste

rbat

ch

Ord

inal

1 =

best

meas

ure

2 =

2nd b

est

meas

ure

...

10 =

10th

best

meas

ure

q15k@

03

HH

q15k: M

eas

ure

s to

incr

eas

e r

ead

iness

to r

ent: M

ainte

nan

ce b

y pro

fess

ional

com

pan

ies

Ord

inal

1 =

best

meas

ure

2 =

2nd b

est

meas

ure

...

10 =

10th

best

meas

ure


51

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

q15k@

04

HH

q15k: M

eas

ure

s to

incr

eas

e r

ead

iness

to r

ent: P

rofe

ssio

nal

adm

inis

trat

ion a

nd a

ccounting

Ord

inal

1 =

best

meas

ure

2 =

2nd b

est

meas

ure

...

10 =

10th

best

meas

ure

q15k@

05

HH

q15k: M

eas

ure

s to

incr

eas

e r

ead

iness

to r

ent: Info

rmat

ion, co

mm

unic

atio

n a

nd m

arketing

pla

tform

O

rdin

al

1 =

best

meas

ure

2 =

2nd b

est

meas

ure

...

10 =

10th

best

meas

ure

q15k@

06

HH

q15k: M

eas

ure

s to

incr

eas

e r

ead

iness

to r

ent: Info

rmat

ion e

vents

O

rdin

al

1 =

best

meas

ure

2 =

2nd b

est

meas

ure

...

10 =

10th

best

meas

ure

q15k@

07

HH

q15k: M

eas

ure

s to

incr

eas

e r

ead

iness

to r

ent: Info

rmat

ion m

aterial

s (d

est

inat

ion)

Ord

inal

1 =

best

meas

ure

2 =

2nd b

est

meas

ure

...

10 =

10th

best

meas

ure

q15k@

08

HH

q15k: M

eas

ure

s to

incr

eas

e r

ead

iness

to r

ent: S

peci

al tre

ats

by

the d

est

inat

ion

Ord

inal

1 =

best

meas

ure

2 =

2nd b

est

meas

ure

...

10 =

10th

best

meas

ure

q15k@

09

HH

q15k: M

eas

ure

s to

incr

eas

e r

ead

iness

to r

ent: C

lass

ific

atio

n a

nd a

cquis

itio

n o

f pote

ntial

te

nan

ts

Ord

inal

1 =

best

meas

ure

2 =

2nd b

est

meas

ure

...

10 =

10th

best

meas

ure

q15k@

10

HH

q15k: M

eas

ure

s to

incr

eas

e r

ead

iness

to r

ent: M

arketing b

y th

e d

est

inat

ion (

ads,

Inte

rnet,

direct

mar

keting

Ord

inal

1 =

best

meas

ure

2 =

2nd b

est

meas

ure

...

10 =

10th

best

meas

ure

q16_01

P

q16: I desc

ribe m

y se

lf a

s a

“dow

n to e

arth

pers

on"

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent


52

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

q16_02

P

q16: I am

a v

ery

pra

ctic

al p

ers

on

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_03

P

q16: The p

leas

ure

s of fo

od/e

atin

g (

gas

tronom

y) a

re v

ery

im

portan

t in

my

life

N

om

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_04

P

q16: I va

lue s

trongly

mat

erial

poss

ess

ions/

thin

gs

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_05

P

q16: I like v

ery

much

the tan

gib

le/c

oncr

ete

thin

gs

in m

y life

N

om

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_06

P

q16: Phys

ical

com

forts/

ple

asure

s ar

e v

ery

im

portan

t N

om

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_07

P

q16: I am

very

good a

t org

anis

ing m

y w

ork

and tim

e

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_08

P

q16: I am

very

real

istic/

pra

gm

atic

pers

on

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent


53

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

q16_09

P

q16: I am

a v

ery

self-s

uffic

ient pers

on

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_10

P

q16: I am

very

much

a d

oer/

action p

ers

on

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_11

P

q16: I am

very

able

/good w

ith m

y fe

elings/

em

otions

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_12

P

q16: I am

good in p

roduci

ng e

motions

and feelings

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_13

P

q16: Experience

is

more

val

uab

le than

ideas

/theory

N

om

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_14

P

q16: I am

very

logic

al typ

e o

f th

inkin

g p

ers

on

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_15

P

q16: U

nders

tandin

g the r

eas

ons

why

thin

gs

hap

pen is

very

im

portan

t N

om

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent


54

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

q16_16

P

q16: I am

a v

ery

obje

ctiv

e p

ers

on in m

y th

inkin

g^

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_17

P

q16: N

ew

ideas

and innova

tions

fasc

inat

e m

e

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_18

P

q16: I am

too m

uch

of a

thin

ker

and too little o

f a

doer

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_19

P

q16: I am

very

good a

t th

inkin

g/c

om

ing u

p w

ith n

ew

ideas

N

om

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_20

P

q16: I am

very

sensi

tive

to a

tmosp

here

N

om

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_21

P

q16: I hav

e a

very

liv

ely

/act

ive im

agin

atio

n

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_22

P

q16: I am

genera

lly

very

perc

eptive

pers

on

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent


55

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

q16_23

P

q16: M

y im

agin

atio

n s

om

etim

es

mak

es

me s

ick

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_24

P

q16: I enjo

y day

dre

amin

g

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q16_25

P

q16: I am

very

good a

t vi

sual

isin

g thin

gs

Nom

inal

1 =

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent at

all

2 =

rat

her

not co

rrect

sta

tem

ent

3 =

neutral

4 =

rat

her

corr

ect

sta

tem

ent

5 =

abso

lute

ly c

orr

ect

sta

tem

ent

q17a_

1

HH

q17: Tra

vel deci

sion 2

004 (

inte

rval

): L

eve

l of price

s w

ith d

est

inat

ion(s

) N

om

inal

1 =

not im

portan

t at

all2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t3 =

rat

her

importan

t4 =

very

im

portan

t

q17a_

2

HH

q17: Tra

vel deci

sion 2

004 (

inte

rval

): A

vailab

ility

of pac

kag

ed o

ffer(

s)

Nom

inal

1 =

not im

portan

t at

all

2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

very

im

portan

t

q17a_

3

HH

q17: Tra

vel deci

sion 2

004 (

inte

rval

): Im

age/

reputa

tion o

f dest

inat

ion(s

) N

om

inal

1 =

not im

portan

t at

all

2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

very

im

portan

t

q17a_

4

HH

q17: Tra

vel deci

sion 2

004 (

inte

rval

): B

ookin

g a

vailab

ility

with d

est

inat

ion(s

) N

om

inal

1 =

not im

portan

t at

all

2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

very

im

portan

t

q17a_

5

HH

q17: Tra

vel deci

sion 2

004 (

inte

rval

): Q

ual

ity

expect

atio

n w

ith d

est

inat

ion(s

) N

om

inal

1 =

not im

portan

t at

all

2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

very

im

portan

t


56

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

q17b_1

HH

q17: Tra

vel deci

sion 2

004 (

ord

inal

): L

eve

l of price

s w

ith d

est

inat

ion(s

) O

rdin

al

1 =

most

unim

portan

t dom

ain

2 =

2nd m

ost

unim

portan

t dom

ain

3 =

neutral

4 =

2nd m

ost

im

portan

t dom

ain

5 =

most

im

portan

t dom

ain

q17b_2

HH

q17: Tra

vel deci

sion 2

004 (

ord

inal

): A

vailab

ility

of pac

kag

ed o

ffer(

s)

Ord

inal

1 =

most

unim

portan

t dom

ain

2 =

2nd m

ost

unim

portan

t dom

ain

3 =

neutral

4 =

2nd m

ost

im

portan

t dom

ain

5 =

most

im

portan

t dom

ain

q17b_3

HH

q17: Tra

vel deci

sion 2

004 (

ord

inal

): Im

age/

reputa

tion o

f dest

inat

ion(s

) O

rdin

al

1 =

most

unim

portan

t dom

ain

2 =

2nd m

ost

unim

portan

t dom

ain

3 =

neutral

4 =

2nd m

ost

im

portan

t dom

ain

5 =

most

im

portan

t dom

ain

q17b_4

HH

q17: Tra

vel deci

sion 2

004 (

ord

inal

): B

ookin

g a

vailab

ility

with d

est

inat

ion(s

) O

rdin

al

1 =

most

unim

portan

t dom

ain

2 =

2nd m

ost

unim

portan

t dom

ain

3 =

neutral

4 =

2nd m

ost

im

portan

t dom

ain

5 =

most

im

portan

t dom

ain

q17b_5

HH

q17: Tra

vel deci

sion 2

004 (

ord

inal

): Q

ual

ity

expect

atio

n w

ith d

est

inat

ion(s

) O

rdin

al

1 =

most

unim

portan

t dom

ain2 =

2nd m

ost

unim

portan

t dom

ain3 =

neutral

4 =

2nd m

ost

im

portan

t dom

ain5 =

most

im

portan

t dom

ain

q18_1

HH

F18.1

Tra

vel in

tentions

in the forthco

min

g 2

-3 y

ear

s: H

igh lik

elihood inte

ntions

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter)

q18_2

HH

F18.2

Tra

vel in

tentions

in the forthco

min

g 2

-3 y

ear

s: H

igh lik

elihood inte

ntions

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter)

q18_3

HH

F18.3

Tra

vel in

tentions

in the forthco

min

g 2

-3 y

ear

s: H

igh lik

elihood inte

ntions

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter)

q18_4

HH

F18.1

Tra

vel in

tentions

in the forthco

min

g 2

-3 y

ear

s: Inte

ntion

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter)

q18_5

HH

F18.2

Tra

vel in

tentions

in the forthco

min

g 2

-3 y

ear

s: Inte

ntion

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter)

q18_6

HH

F18.3

Tra

vel in

tentions

in the forthco

min

g 2

-3 y

ear

s: Inte

ntion

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter)


57

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

gender

PAN

EL

gender: G

ender

of pan

el pers

on

Nom

inal

1 =

mal

e

2 =

fem

ale

birth

PAN

EL

birth

: B

irth

of pan

el pers

on

Nom

inal

none

hhsi

ze

PAN

EL

hhsi

ze: H

ouse

hold

siz

e o

f pan

el pers

on

Nom

inal

plz

_gfk

PAN

EL

plz

_gfk

: PLZ

of pan

el house

hold

N

om

inal

wem

f PAN

EL

wem

f: W

EM

F r

egio

n o

f pan

el pers

on

Nom

inal

1 =

West

ern

Sw

itze

rlan

d

2 =

Alp

ine a

nd p

re-a

lpin

e a

reas

3 =

West

ern

Mid

land

4 =

Eas

tern

Mid

land

5 =

Tic

ino

canto

n

PAN

EL

canto

n: Can

ton o

f pan

el pers

on

STRIN

G

none

agglo

PAN

EL

agglo

: Si

ze o

f m

unic

ipal

ity

of pan

el pers

on a

gglo

mera

ted

Nom

inal

1 =

200,0

00 +

+

2 =

50,0

00 - 1

99,9

99

3 =

20,0

00 - 4

9,9

99

4 =

10,0

00 - 1

9,9

99

5 =

5,0

00 - 9

,999

6 =

2,0

00 - 4

'999

7 =

1,0

00 - 1

,999

8 =

less

that

1,0

00 p

opula

tion

nonag

glo

PAN

EL

nonag

glo

: Si

ze o

f m

unic

ipal

ity

of pan

el pers

on n

on-a

gglo

mera

ted

Nom

inal

1 =

200,0

00 +

+

2 =

50,0

00 - 1

99,9

99

3 =

20,0

00 - 4

9,9

99

4 =

10,0

00 - 1

9,9

99

5 =

5,0

00 - 9

,999

6 =

2,0

00 - 4

'999

7 =

1,0

00 - 1

,999

8 =

less

that

1,0

00 p

opula

tion


58

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

inco

me

PAN

EL

inco

me: In

com

e o

f pan

el pers

on

Metric

0 =

not know

n

1 =

0 - 2

,449 C

HF

2 =

2,4

50 - 3

, 249 C

HF

3 =

3,2

50 - 4

,4049 C

HF

4 =

4,0

50 - 4

,849 C

HF

5 =

4,8

50 - 5

,649 C

HF

6 =

5,6

50 - 6

,449 C

HF

7 =

6,4

50 - 7

,249 C

HF

8 =

7,2

50 - 8

,049 C

HF

9 =

8,0

50 - 9

,649 C

HF

10 =

more

than

9,6

50 C

HF

99 =

not re

cord

ed

w_hhsi

ze

P

w_hhsi

ze: W

eig

ht "s

ize o

f house

hold

" M

etric

none

w_w

em

f P

w_w

em

f: W

eig

ht "W

EM

F a

rea

of house

hold

" M

etric

none

w_ag

glo

P

w_ag

glo

: W

eig

ht "A

gglo

mera

tion o

f house

hold

" M

etric

none

w_gender

P

w_gender: W

eig

ht "g

ender"

M

etric

none

w_ag

e

P

w_ag

e: W

eig

ht "a

ge g

roup"

Metric

none

w_to

tal

P

w_to

tal: T

ota

l w

eig

ht

Metric

none


59

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

6.3

Travel file (TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav)

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

intn

um

TRIP

in

tnum

: In

terv

iew

num

ber

Metric

none

kd_nr

HH

kd_nr: C

ust

om

er

num

ber

Metric

none

pers

_nr

PERS

pers

_nr: P

ers

on-n

um

ber

(# a

ccord

ing to q

uest

ionnai

re

Metric

none

kd_pers

_nr

PERST

RIP

kdpers

_nr: T

rave

l-Pers

on-N

um

ber(

kd_nr.pers

_nr)

(cl

ear

identifica

tion)

Metric

none

ver

HH

ve

r: V

ers

ion o

f quest

ionnai

re u

sed

Nom

inal

1 =

pap

er

quest

ionnai

re

2 =

online q

uest

ionnai

re

spc

HH

sp

c: L

anguag

e d

em

anded for

surv

ey

Nom

inal

1 =

Germ

an

2 =

Fre

nch

pers

dat

a PERS

pers

dat

a: P

ers

onal

dat

a (f

rom

HH

quest

ionnai

re)

avai

lable

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

pan

eld

ata

HH

pan

eld

ata:

Pan

el dat

a (f

rom

IhA.G

fK)

avai

lable

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qa

PERST

RIP

a:

Maj

or

dest

inat

ion

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qplz

PERST

RIP

plz

: post

code o

f Sw

iss

dest

inat

ions

Nom

inal

none

qba0

1

PERST

RIP

ba0

1: D

est

inat

ion #

1

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba0

2

PERST

RIP

ba0

2: D

est

inat

ion #

2

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba0

3

PERST

RIP

ba0

3: D

est

inat

ion #

3

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba0

4

PERST

RIP

ba0

4: D

est

inat

ion #

4

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba0

5

PERST

RIP

ba0

5: D

est

inat

ion #

5

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba0

6

PERST

RIP

ba0

6: D

est

inat

ion #

6

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba0

7

PERST

RIP

ba0

7: D

est

inat

ion #

7

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba0

8

PERST

RIP

ba0

8: D

est

inat

ion #

8

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba0

9

PERST

RIP

ba0

9: D

est

inat

ion #

9

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba1

0

PERST

RIP

ba1

0: D

est

inat

ion #

10

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba1

1

PERST

RIP

ba1

1: D

est

inat

ion #

11

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba1

2

PERST

RIP

ba1

2: D

est

inat

ion #

12

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)


60

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qba1

3

PERST

RIP

ba1

3: D

est

inat

ion #

13

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba1

4

PERST

RIP

ba1

4: D

est

inat

ion #

14

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba1

5

PERST

RIP

ba1

5: D

est

inat

ion #

15

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba1

6

PERST

RIP

ba1

6: D

est

inat

ion #

16

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba1

7

PERST

RIP

ba1

7: D

est

inat

ion #

17

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba1

8

PERST

RIP

ba1

8: D

est

inat

ion #

18

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba1

9

PERST

RIP

ba1

9: D

est

inat

ion #

19

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qba2

0

PERST

RIP

ba2

0: D

est

inat

ion #

20

Nom

inal

dest

inat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

)

qbb01

PERST

RIP

bb01: D

est

#1: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb02

PERST

RIP

bb02: D

est

#2: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb03

PERST

RIP

bb03: D

est

#3: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb04

PERST

RIP

bb04: D

est

#4: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb05

PERST

RIP

bb05: D

est

#5: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb06

PERST

RIP

bb06: D

est

#6: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb07

PERST

RIP

bb07: D

est

#7: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb08

PERST

RIP

bb08: D

est

#8: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb09

PERST

RIP

bb09: D

est

#9: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb10

PERST

RIP

bb10: D

est

#10: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb11

PERST

RIP

bb11: D

est

#11: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb12

PERST

RIP

bb12: D

est

#12: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb13

PERST

RIP

bb13: D

est

#13: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb14

PERST

RIP

bb14: D

est

#14: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb15

PERST

RIP

bb15: D

est

#15: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb16

PERST

RIP

bb16: D

est

#16: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb17

PERST

RIP

bb17: D

est

#17: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb18

PERST

RIP

bb18: D

est

#18: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbb19

PERST

RIP

bb19: D

est

#19: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none


61

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qbb20

PERST

RIP

bb20: D

est

#20: N

um

ber

of ove

rnig

ht st

ays

Metric

none

qbc0

1

PERST

RIP

bc0

1: D

est

#1: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc0

2

PERST

RIP

bc0

2: D

est

#2: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc0

3

PERST

RIP

bc0

3: D

est

#3: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc0

4

PERST

RIP

bc0

4: D

est

#4: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc0

5

PERST

RIP

bc0

5: D

est

#5: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc0

6

PERST

RIP

bc0

6: D

est

#6: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc0

7

PERST

RIP

bc0

7: D

est

#7: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc0

8

PERST

RIP

bc0

8: D

est

#8: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc0

9

PERST

RIP

bc0

9: D

est

#9: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc1

0

PERST

RIP

bc1

0: D

est

#10: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc1

1

PERST

RIP

bc1

1: D

est

#11: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc1

2

PERST

RIP

bc1

2: D

est

#12: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc1

3

PERST

RIP

bc1

3: D

est

#13: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc1

4

PERST

RIP

bc1

4: D

est

#14: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc1

5

PERST

RIP

bc1

5: D

est

#15: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc1

6

PERST

RIP

bc1

6: D

est

#16: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc1

7

PERST

RIP

bc1

7: D

est

#17: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc1

8

PERST

RIP

bc1

8: D

est

#18: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc1

9

PERST

RIP

bc1

9: D

est

#19: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qbc2

0

PERST

RIP

bc2

0: D

est

#20: Cat

egory

/ ty

pe o

f ac

com

modat

ion

Nom

inal

ac

com

modat

ion lis

ting (

see s

epar

ate c

hap

ter

6.4

))

qc

PERST

RIP

c:

Num

ber

of pre

vious

trip

s to

mai

n d

est

inat

ion in the p

ast 10 y

ear

s by

mem

bers

of H

H?

Metric

none

qd@

1

PERST

RIP

d@

1: Par

tici

pat

ing m

em

bers

of house

hold

- #

1

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qd@

2

PERST

RIP

d@

2: Par

tici

pat

ing m

em

bers

of house

hold

- #

2

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qd@

3

PERST

RIP

d@

3: Par

tici

pat

ing m

em

bers

of house

hold

- #

3

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes


62

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qd@

4

PERST

RIP

d@

4: Par

tici

pat

ing m

em

bers

of house

hold

- #

4

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qd@

5

PERST

RIP

d@

5: Par

tici

pat

ing m

em

bers

of house

hold

- n

o info

rmat

ion

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qe_0

PERST

RIP

e0: N

um

ber

of trav

el co

mpan

ions

from

house

hold

M

etric

qe_1

PERST

RIP

e1: N

um

ber

of trav

el co

mpan

ions

(tota

l)

Metric

qe_2

PERST

RIP

e2: N

um

ber

of trav

el co

mpan

ions

(childre

n <

14)

Metric

qf

PERST

RIP

f: D

ura

tion o

f trip

in term

s of nig

hts

M

etric

qf_

cat

PERST

RIP

f (c

at): C

ategories

of dura

tion o

f trip

in term

s of nig

hts

M

etric

1 =

1 n

ight

2 =

2-3

nig

hts

3 =

4-7

nig

hts

4 =

8-1

4 n

ights

5 =

15-2

1 n

ights

6 =

more

than

21 n

ights

qg1

PERST

RIP

g1: D

ay (

dat

e)

of depar

ture

M

etric

none

qg2

PERST

RIP

g2: M

onth

(dat

e)

of depar

ture

M

etric

none

qg3

PERST

RIP

g3: Y

ear

(dat

e)

of depar

ture

M

etric

1 =

2003

2 =

2004

qh1

TRIP

h1: Typ

e o

f trip

: B

eac

h v

acat

ion

Inte

rval

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh2

TRIP

h2: Typ

e o

f trip

: City

trip

In

terv

al

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh3

TRIP

h3: Typ

e o

f trip

: Si

ghts

eein

g tour

with c

ar, bus

or

trai

n

Inte

rval

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh4

TRIP

h4: Typ

e o

f trip

: Cru

ise (

with c

ruis

e s

hip

or

house

boat

) In

terv

al

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance


63

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qh5

TRIP

h5: Typ

e o

f trip

: Vac

atio

n in the c

outrys

ide

Inte

rval

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh6

TRIP

h6: Typ

e o

f trip

: Vac

atio

n in the m

ounta

ins

(not w

inte

r va

cation in s

now

) In

terv

al

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh7

TRIP

h7: Typ

e o

f trip

: H

ela

th o

riente

d v

acat

ion (

Fitness

/Wellness

) In

terv

al

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh8

TRIP

h8: Typ

e o

f trip

: Regim

en b

reak

In

terv

al

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh9

TRIP

h9: Typ

e o

f trip

: W

inte

r va

cation in the s

now

In

terv

al

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh10

TRIP

h10: Typ

e o

f trip

: W

inte

r va

cation in w

arm

are

as w

ith w

arm

weat

her

Inte

rval

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh11

TRIP

h11: Typ

e o

f trip

: Sp

orts

vaca

tion

Inte

rval

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh12

TRIP

h12: Typ

e o

f trip

: Eve

nts

trip (

cultura

l, s

ports,

etc

.)

Inte

rval

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh13

TRIP

h13: Typ

e o

f trip

: Them

e p

ark v

acat

ion/

trip

In

terv

al

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance


64

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qh14

TRIP

h14: Typ

e o

f trip

: St

udy

tour

(pre

dom

inan

tly

priva

te)

Inte

rval

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh15

TRIP

h15: Typ

e o

f trip

: La

nguag

e trip p

redom

inan

tly

priva

te)

Inte

rval

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh16

TRIP

h16: Typ

e o

f trip

: Sh

oppin

g trip

Inte

rval

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh17

TRIP

h17: Typ

e o

f trip

: Vis

it friends

and r

ela

tive

s In

terv

al

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh18

TRIP

h18: Typ

e o

f trip

: Fam

iliy

eve

nt/

reas

on (

e.g

. w

eddin

g)

Inte

rval

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qh19

TRIP

h19: Typ

e o

f trip

: oth

er

Inte

rval

1 =

no r

ele

vance

at al

l 2 =

rat

her

no r

ele

vance

3 =

rat

her

gre

at r

ele

vance

4 =

key/

core

rele

vance

qi1

TRIP

i1

: M

otiva

tion: D

ivers

ion; se

e a

nd e

xperience

som

eth

ing n

ew

In

terv

al

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi2

TRIP

i2

: M

otiva

tion: G

et aw

ay fro

m it al

l (d

aily

routine)

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi3

TRIP

i3

: M

otiva

tion: Li

bera

tion fro

m o

bligat

ions

(and r

ela

tions)

In

terv

al

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t


65

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qi4

TRIP

i4

: M

otiva

tion: Vis

it a

nd e

xperience

sig

hts

and c

ulture

; expan

d o

wn h

orizo

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi5

TRIP

i5

: M

otiva

tion: Term

inat

ion/

concl

usi

on o

f a

phas

e in o

ne's life b

y m

ean

s of a

trip

In

terv

al

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi6

TRIP

i6

: M

otiva

tion: Rest

and r

ela

xat

ion

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi7

TRIP

i7

: M

otiva

tion: D

o s

om

eth

ing for

my

beau

ty

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi8

TRIP

i8

: M

otiva

tion: Experience

of exotic

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi9

TRIP

i9

: M

otiva

tion: Ability

to m

ake fle

xib

le, sp

onta

neous

deci

sions

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi1

0

TRIP

i1

0: M

otiva

tion: Enjo

yment of co

mfo

rt a

nd p

ampering

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi1

1

TRIP

i1

1: M

otiva

tion: Experience

lan

dsc

apes

and n

ature

In

terv

al

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi1

2

TRIP

i1

2: M

otiva

tion: Em

joy

nig

htlife

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t


66

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qi1

3

TRIP

i1

3: M

otiva

tion: M

ake c

onta

ct w

ith n

ew

people

In

terv

al

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi1

4

TRIP

i1

4: M

otiva

tion: Pre

stig

ous

char

acte

r of trip

In

terv

al

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi1

5

TRIP

i1

5: M

otiva

tion: Regenera

tion fro

m d

aily

hom

e r

outine a

nd job

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi1

6

TRIP

i1

6: M

otiva

tion: Chal

lenge a

nd s

tim

ula

te o

nese

lf

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi1

7

TRIP

i1

7: M

otiva

tion: Su

n a

nd b

eac

h

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi1

8

TRIP

i1

8: M

otiva

tion: Sp

orts

(act

ive)

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi1

9

TRIP

i1

9: M

otiva

tion: Se

arch

for

est

eem

In

terv

al

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi2

0

TRIP

i2

0: M

otiva

tion: Experience

of nat

iveness

In

terv

al

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi2

1

TRIP

i2

1: M

otiva

tion: Experience

of ad

ventu

re a

nd p

erh

aps

eve

n r

isk

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t


67

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qi2

2

TRIP

i2

2: M

otiva

tion: Tim

e for

par

tner

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi2

3

TRIP

i2

3: M

otiva

tion: Tim

e for

the fam

iliy

In

terv

al

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi2

4

TRIP

i2

4: M

otiva

tion: Tim

e for

onese

lf

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qi2

5

TRIP

i2

5: M

otiva

tion: oth

er

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qj

PERST

RIP

j:

Num

ber

of w

eeks

betw

een fin

al d

eci

sion to tak

e trip a

nd d

epar

ture

M

etric

none

qk1

PERST

RIP

k1: H

H m

em

ber

#1: Sh

are o

f in

fluence

with r

egar

d to tra

vel deci

sion

Metric

none

qk2

PERST

RIP

k2: H

H m

em

ber

#2: Sh

are o

f in

fluence

with r

egar

d to tra

vel deci

sion

Metric

none

qk3

PERST

RIP

k3: H

H m

em

ber

#3: Sh

are o

f in

fluence

with r

egar

d to tra

vel deci

sion

Metric

none

qk4

PERST

RIP

k4: H

H m

em

ber

#4: Sh

are o

f in

fluence

with r

egar

d to tra

vel deci

sion

Metric

none

ql

TRIP

l: D

rive

r of deci

sion (

beac

on)

Inte

rval

1 =

cle

arly

by

activi

ties

2 =

rat

her

by

activi

ties

3 =

non d

eci

sive

; le

anin

g tow

ards

activi

ties

4 =

non d

eci

sive

; le

anin

g tow

ards

dest

inat

ion

5 =

rat

her

by

dest

inat

ion

6 =

cle

arly

by

dest

inat

ion

qm

1_01

TRIP

m

1_01: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: B

roch

ure

s of dest

inat

ion (

com

munal

le

vel): D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_02

TRIP

m

1_02: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: B

roch

ure

s of dest

inat

ion (

regio

n to

country)

: D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_03

TRIP

m

1_03: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Acc

om

modat

ion g

uid

e o

f dest

inat

ion:

Dura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric


68

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qm

1_04

TRIP

m

1_04: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Acc

om

modat

ion g

uid

e o

f nat

ional

or

inte

rnat

ional

chai

n: D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_05

TRIP

m

1_05: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: G

uid

e o

n h

om

ogenous

gro

up o

f offers

(e.g

. sk

i. d

ivin

g, etc

): D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_06

TRIP

m

1_06: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: B

roch

ure

s of to

ur

opera

tors

: D

ura

tion

of st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_07

TRIP

m

1_07: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Tra

vel ag

enci

es:

Dura

tion o

f in

tera

ctio

n in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_08

TRIP

m

1_08: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Rai

l se

rvic

e/

trai

n s

tations:

Dura

tion o

f in

tera

ctio

n in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_09

TRIP

m

1_09: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Tourist

info

rmat

ion a

t dest

inat

ion:

Dura

tion o

f in

tera

ctio

n in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_10

TRIP

m

1_10: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: N

TO

in S

witze

rlan

d: D

ura

tion o

f in

tera

ctio

n in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_11

TRIP

m

1_11: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Ads

in n

ew

spap

ers

and m

agaz

ines:

D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_12

TRIP

m

1_12: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Tra

vel guid

es,

books,

journ

als:

D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_13

TRIP

m

1_13: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Vid

eo, D

VD

, CD

-RO

M: D

ura

tion o

f vi

ew

ing in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_14

TRIP

m

1_14: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Tra

vel fa

irs

and e

xhib

itio

ns:

Dura

tion

of vi

sit in

min

ute

s M

etric

qm

1_15

TRIP

m

1_15: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: B

road

cast

s in

TV a

nd r

adio

: D

ura

tion

of vi

ew

ing a

nd lis

tenin

g in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_16

TRIP

m

1_16: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Tele

text: D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_17

TRIP

m

1_17: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: In

tern

et/

WW

W: D

ura

tion o

f ta

rgete

d

bro

wsi

ng in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_18

TRIP

m

1_18: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Friends

and r

ela

tive

s: D

ura

tion o

f in

tera

ctio

n in m

inute

s M

etric

qm

1_19

TRIP

m

1_19: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: O

ther

sourc

es

of in

form

atio

n:

Dura

tion o

f ac

tion in m

inute

s M

etric


69

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qm

2_01

TRIP

m

2_01: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: B

roch

ure

s of dest

inat

ion (

com

munal

le

vel): Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_02

TRIP

m

2_02: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: B

roch

ure

s of dest

inat

ion (

regio

n to

country)

: va

luat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_03

TRIP

m

2_03: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Acc

om

modat

ion g

uid

e o

f dest

inat

ion:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_04

TRIP

m

2_04: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Acc

om

modat

ion g

uid

e o

f nat

ional

or

inte

rnat

ional

chai

n: Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_05

TRIP

m

2_05: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: G

uid

e o

n h

om

ogenous

gro

up o

f offers

(e.g

. sk

i. d

ivin

g, etc

): V

aluat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_06

TRIP

m

2_06: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: B

roch

ure

s of to

ur

opera

tors

: Val

uat

ion

of co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_07

TRIP

m

2_07: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Tra

vel ag

enci

es:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_08

TRIP

m

2_08: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Rai

l se

rvic

e/

trai

n s

tations:

Val

uat

ion

of co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_09

TRIP

m

2_09: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Tourist

info

rmat

ion a

t dest

inat

ion:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t


70

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qm

2_10

TRIP

m

2_10: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: N

TO

in S

witze

rlan

d: Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_11

TRIP

m

2_11: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Ads

in n

ew

spap

ers

and m

agaz

ines:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_12

TRIP

m

2_12: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Tra

vel guid

es,

books,

journ

als:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_13

TRIP

m

2_13: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Vid

eo, D

VD

, CD

-RO

M: Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_14

TRIP

m

2_14: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Tra

vel fa

irs

and e

xhib

itio

ns:

Val

uat

ion

of co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_15

TRIP

m

2_15: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: B

road

cast

s in

TV a

nd r

adio

: Val

uat

ion

of co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_16

TRIP

m

2_16: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Tele

text: V

aluat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_17

TRIP

m

2_17: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: In

tern

et/

WW

W: Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qm

2_18

TRIP

m

2_18: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: Friends

and r

ela

tive

s: V

aluat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t


71

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qm

2_19

TRIP

m

2_19: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of trip

deci

sion: O

ther

sourc

es

of in

form

atio

n:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn1_01

TRIP

n1_01: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: B

roch

ure

s of

dest

inat

ion (

com

munal

leve

l): D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_02

TRIP

n1_02: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: B

roch

ure

s of

dest

inat

ion (

regio

n to c

ountry)

: D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_03

TRIP

n1_03: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Acc

com

modat

ion

guid

e o

f dest

inat

ion: D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_04

TRIP

n1_04: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Acc

com

modat

ion

guid

e o

f nat

ional

or

inte

rnat

ional

chai

n: D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_05

TRIP

n1_05: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: G

uid

e o

n h

om

ogenous

gro

up o

f offers

(e.g

. sk

i. d

ivin

g, etc

): D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_06

TRIP

n1_06: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: B

roch

ure

s of to

ur

opera

tors

: D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_07

TRIP

n1_07: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Tra

vel ag

enci

es:

D

ura

tion o

f in

tera

ctio

n in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_08

TRIP

n1_08: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Rai

l se

rvic

e/

trai

n

stat

ions:

Dura

tion o

f in

tera

ctio

n in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_09

TRIP

n1_09: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ trip

deci

sion: Tourist

info

rmat

ion a

t dest

inat

ion: D

ura

tion o

f in

tera

ctio

n in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_10

TRIP

n1_10: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: N

TO

in S

witze

rlan

d:

Dura

tion o

f in

tera

ctio

n in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_11

TRIP

n1_11: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Ads

in n

ew

spap

ers

an

d m

agaz

ines:

Dura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_12

TRIP

n1_12: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Tra

vel guid

es,

books,

jo

urn

als:

Dura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_13

TRIP

n1_13: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Vid

eo, D

VD

, CD

-RO

M:

Dura

tion o

f vi

ew

ing in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_14

TRIP

n1_14: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Tra

vel fa

irs

and

exhib

itio

ns:

Dura

tion o

f vi

sit in

min

ute

s M

etric

qn1_15

TRIP

n1_15: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: B

road

cast

s in

TV a

nd

radio

: D

ura

tion o

f vi

ew

ing a

nd lis

tenin

g in m

inute

s M

etric


72

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qn1_16

TRIP

n1_16: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Tele

text: D

ura

tion o

f st

udy

in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_17

TRIP

n1_17: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: In

tern

et/

WW

W:

Dura

tion o

f ta

rgete

d b

row

sing in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_18

TRIP

n1_18: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Friends

and r

ela

tive

s:

Dura

tion o

f in

tera

ctio

n in m

inute

s M

etric

qn1_19

TRIP

n1_19: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: O

ther

sourc

es

of

info

rmat

ion: D

ura

tion o

f ac

tion in m

inute

s M

etric

qn2_01

TRIP

n2_01: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: B

roch

ure

s of

dest

inat

ion (

com

munal

leve

l): Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_02

TRIP

n2_02: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: B

roch

ure

s of

dest

inat

ion (

regio

n to c

ountry)

: Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_03

TRIP

n2_03: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Acc

om

modat

ion g

uid

e

of dest

inat

ion: Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_04

TRIP

n2_04: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Acc

om

modat

ion g

uid

e

of nat

ional

or

inte

rnat

ional

chai

n: Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_05

TRIP

n2_05: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: G

uid

e o

n h

om

ogenous

gro

up o

f offers

(e.g

. sk

i. d

ivin

g, etc

): V

aluat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_06

TRIP

n2_06: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: B

roch

ure

s of to

ur

opera

tors

: Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_07

TRIP

n2_07: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Tra

vel ag

enci

es:

Val

uat

ion n

of co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t


73

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qn2_08

TRIP

n2_08: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Rai

l se

rvic

e/

trai

n

stat

ions:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_09

TRIP

n2_09: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ trip

deci

sion: Tourist

info

rmat

ion a

t dest

inat

ion: Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_10

TRIP

n2_10: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: N

TO

in S

witze

rlan

d:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_11

TRIP

n2_11: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Ads

in n

ew

spap

ers

an

d m

agaz

ines:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_12

TRIP

n2_12: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Tra

vel guid

es,

books,

jo

urn

als:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_13

TRIP

n2_13: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Vid

eo, D

VD

, CD

-RO

M:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_14

TRIP

n2_14: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Tra

vel fa

irs

and

exhib

itio

ns:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_15

TRIP

n2_15: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: B

road

cast

s in

TV a

nd

radio

: Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_16

TRIP

n2_16: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Tele

text: V

aluat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t


74

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qn2_17

TRIP

n2_17: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: In

tern

et/

WW

W:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_18

TRIP

n2_18: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: Friends

and r

ela

tive

s:

Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qn2_19

TRIP

n2_19: In

form

atio

n s

ourc

es

ahead

of depar

ture

/ pas

t trip

deci

sion: O

ther

sourc

es

of

info

rmat

ion: Val

uat

ion o

f co

gnitio

n

Inte

rval

1 =

not im

portan

t 2 =

rat

her

not im

portan

t 3 =

rat

her

importan

t 4 =

im

portan

t

qo

PERST

RIP

o: Typ

e o

f org

anis

atio

n o

f trip

M

etric

1 =

no p

ackag

e a

t al

l 2 =

Indiv

idual

pac

kag

e (

no fix

ed d

ate)

3 =

Gro

up p

ackag

e w

/ trav

el guid

e

4 =

Gro

up p

ackag

e w

o/

trav

el guid

e

5 =

Oth

er

type o

f pac

kag

e

qp

PERST

RIP

p: B

ooked e

lem

ents

of trip

M

etric

1 =

no b

ookin

g a

t al

l 2 =

yes:

bookin

g o

f pac

kag

e

3 =

yes:

indiv

idual

bookin

g o

f si

ngle

ele

ments

of trip

4 =

yes:

bookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion

5 =

yes:

bookin

g o

f tran

sport

6: ye

s: b

ookin

g o

f oth

er

ele

ments

of trip

qq

PERST

RIP

q: Tim

e s

pan

(w

eeks)

betw

een p

ackag

e b

ookin

g a

nd d

epar

ture

; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

yes

Metric

none

qr

PERST

RIP

r: T

ime s

pan

(w

eeks)

betw

een b

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion a

nd d

epar

ture

; FIL

TER:

Bookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Metric

none

qs

PERST

RIP

s:

Tim

e s

pan

(w

eeks)

betw

een b

ookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice a

nd d

epar

ture

; FIL

TER:

Bookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

yes

Metric

none

qt1

@1

PERST

RIP

t1

@1: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

tele

phone; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e

= y

es

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt1

@2

PERST

RIP

t1

@2: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

fac

e-to-fac

e c

onve

rsat

ion; FIL

TER:

Bookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt1

@3

PERST

RIP

t1

@3: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

letter; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

ye

s N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt1

@4

PERST

RIP

t1

@4: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

fax

; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes


75

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qt1

@5

PERST

RIP

t1

@5: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

E-m

ail; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

ye

s N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt1

@6

PERST

RIP

t1

@6: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

online/

Inte

rnet; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt1

@7

PERST

RIP

t1

@7: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

oth

er; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

ye

s N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt1

@8

PERST

RIP

t1

@8: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

n/a

; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt2

@1

PERST

RIP

t2

@1: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

tele

phone; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt2

@2

PERST

RIP

t2

@2: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

fac

e-to-fac

e c

onve

rsat

ion;

FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt2

@3

PERST

RIP

t2

@3: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

letter; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt2

@4

PERST

RIP

t2

@4: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

fax

; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt2

@5

PERST

RIP

t2

@5: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

E-m

ail; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt2

@6

PERST

RIP

t2

@6: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

online/

Inte

rnet; F

ILTER:

Bookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt2

@7

PERST

RIP

t2

@7: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

oth

er; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt2

@8

PERST

RIP

t2

@8: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

n/a

; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt3

@1

PERST

RIP

t3

@1: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

tele

phone; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt3

@2

PERST

RIP

t3

@2: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

fac

e-to-fac

e c

onve

rsat

ion;

FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt3

@3

PERST

RIP

t3

@3: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

letter; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt3

@4

PERST

RIP

t3

@4: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

fax; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt3

@5

PERST

RIP

t3

@5: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

E-M

ail; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes


76

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qt3

@6

PERST

RIP

t3

@6: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

online/

Inte

rnet; F

ILTER:

Bookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt3

@7

PERST

RIP

t3

@7: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

oth

er; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qt3

@8

PERST

RIP

t3

@8: W

ays

and m

ean

s fo

r bookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

n/a

; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport s

erv

ice =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu1@

1

TRIP

u1@

1: Conta

ct for

pac

kag

e b

ookin

g =

with tour

opera

tor; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

ye

s N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu1@

2

TRIP

u1@

2: Conta

ct for

pac

kag

e b

ookin

g =

with tra

vel ag

ency

; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

ye

s N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu1@

3

TRIP

u1@

3: Conta

ct for

pac

kag

e b

ookin

g =

with r

ail se

rvic

e; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu1@

4

TRIP

u1@

4: Conta

ct for

pac

kag

e b

ookin

g =

with tourist

info

at dest

inat

ion; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu1@

5

TRIP

u1@

5: Conta

ct for

pac

kag

e b

ookin

g =

with tra

nsp

ort c

om

pan

y; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu1@

6

TRIP

u1@

6: Conta

ct for

pac

kag

e b

ookin

g =

with a

ccom

modat

ion; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e

= y

es

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu1@

7

TRIP

u1@

7: Conta

ct for

pac

kag

e b

ookin

g =

oth

er; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu1@

8

TRIP

u1@

8: Conta

ct for

pac

kag

e b

ookin

g =

n/a

; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f pac

kag

e =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu2@

1

TRIP

u2@

1: Conta

ct for

acco

mm

odat

ion b

ookin

g =

with tour

opera

tor; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu2@

2

TRIP

u2@

2: Conta

ct for

acco

mm

odat

ion b

ookin

g =

with tra

vel ag

ency

; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu2@

3

TRIP

u2@

3: Conta

ct for

acco

mm

odat

ion b

ookin

g =

with r

ail se

rvic

e; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu2@

4

TRIP

u2@

4: Conta

ct for

acco

mm

odat

ion b

ookin

g =

with tourist

info

at dest

inat

ion; FIL

TER:

Bookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu2@

5

TRIP

u2@

5: Conta

ct for

acco

mm

odat

ion b

ookin

g =

with tra

nsp

ort c

om

pan

y; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g

of ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu2@

6

TRIP

u2@

6: Conta

ct for

acco

mm

odat

ion b

ookin

g =

with a

ccom

modat

ion; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes


77

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qu2@

7

TRIP

u2@

7: Conta

ct for

acco

mm

odat

ion b

ookin

g =

oth

er; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion

= y

es

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu2@

8

TRIP

u2@

8: Conta

ct for

acco

mm

odat

ion b

ookin

g =

n/a

; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f ac

com

modat

ion =

ye

s N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu3@

1

TRIP

u3@

1: Conta

ct for

tran

sport b

ookin

g =

with tour

opera

tor; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport =

ye

s N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu3@

2

TRIP

u3@

2: Conta

ct for

tran

sport b

ookin

g =

with tra

vel ag

ency

; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport =

ye

s N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu3@

3

TRIP

u3@

3: Conta

ct for

tran

sport b

ookin

g =

with r

ail se

rvic

e; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport =

ye

s N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu3@

4

TRIP

u3@

4: Conta

ct for

tran

sport b

ookin

g =

with tourist

info

at dest

inat

ion; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu3@

5

TRIP

u3@

5: Conta

ct for

tran

sport b

ookin

g =

with tra

nsp

ort c

om

pan

y; F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu3@

6

TRIP

u3@

6: Conta

ct for

tran

sport b

ookin

g =

with a

ccom

modat

ion; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu3@

7

TRIP

u3@

7: Conta

ct for

tran

sport b

ookin

g =

oth

er: F

ILTER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qu3@

8

TRIP

u3@

8: Conta

ct for

tran

sport b

ookin

g =

n/a

; FIL

TER: B

ookin

g o

f tran

sport =

yes

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qv1

@1

TRIP

v1

@1: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

info

rmat

ion c

ollect

ion =

hote

l ch

ain (

e.g

. holiday

inn.c

om

) N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qv1

@2

TRIP

v1

@2: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

info

rmat

ion c

ollect

ion =

dest

inat

ion (

e.g

. lo

ndonto

wn.c

om

) N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qv1

@3

TRIP

v1

@3: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

info

rmat

ion c

ollect

ion =

airline (

e.g

. sw

iss.

com

) N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qv1

@4

TRIP

v1

@4: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

info

rmat

ion c

ollect

ion =

oth

er

tran

sport c

om

pan

y N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qv1

@5

TRIP

v1

@5: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

info

rmat

ion c

ollect

ion =

tra

vel portal

(e.g

. trav

el.ch

) N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qv1

@6

TRIP

v1

@6: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

info

rmat

ion c

ollect

ion =

oth

er

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qv1

@7

TRIP

v1

@7: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

info

rmat

ion c

ollect

ion =

n.a

. N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes


78

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qv2

@1

TRIP

v2

@1: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

trav

el bookin

g =

hote

l ch

ain (

e.g

. holiday

inn.c

om

) N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qv2

@2

TRIP

v2

@2: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

trav

el bookin

g =

dest

inat

ion (

londonto

wn.c

om

) N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qv2

@3

TRIP

v2

@3: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

trav

el bookin

g =

airline (

e.g

. sw

iss.

com

) N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qv2

@4

TRIP

v2

@4: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

trav

el bookin

g =

oth

er

tran

sport c

om

pan

y N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qv2

@5

TRIP

v2

@5: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

trav

el bookin

g =

tra

vel portal

(e.g

. trav

el.ch

) N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qv2

@6

TRIP

v2

@6: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

trav

el bookin

g =

oth

er

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qv2

@7

TRIP

v2

@7: Typ

e o

f U

RL

use

d for

trav

el bookin

g =

n.a

. N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@01

PERST

RIP

w

@01: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

self o

rgan

ised

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@02

PERST

RIP

w

@02: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

ACS/

TCS

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@03

PERST

RIP

w

@03: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Car

ib T

ours

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@04

PERST

RIP

w

@04: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Coop R

eis

en

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@05

PERST

RIP

w

@05: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Dorn

bie

rer

Reis

en

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@06

PERST

RIP

w

@06: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Esc

o &

Esc

ole

tte

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@07

PERST

RIP

w

@07: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Euro

trek

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@08

PERST

RIP

w

@08: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Fal

con T

rave

l N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@09

PERST

RIP

w

@09: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Fra

nto

ur

Suis

se

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@10

PERST

RIP

w

@10: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Helv

etic

Tours

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes


79

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qw

@11

PERST

RIP

w

@11: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Hote

lpla

n

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@12

PERST

RIP

w

@12: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Im

holz

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@13

PERST

RIP

w

@13: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Inte

rhom

e

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@14

PERST

RIP

w

@14: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Kuoni Reis

en

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@15

PERST

RIP

w

@15: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Man

ta R

eis

en

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@16

PERST

RIP

w

@16: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Mar

ti R

eis

en

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@17

PERST

RIP

w

@17: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

M-T

rave

l N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@18

PERST

RIP

w

@18: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Opus

Tours

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@19

PERST

RIP

w

@19: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Par

ikos

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@20

PERST

RIP

w

@20: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Pas

spar

tout Reis

en

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@21

PERST

RIP

w

@21: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Plu

s Reis

en

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@22

PERST

RIP

w

@22: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Popula

ris

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@23

PERST

RIP

w

@23: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Priva

te S

afar

is

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@24

PERST

RIP

w

@24: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Pro

nto

Reis

en

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@25

PERST

RIP

w

@25: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Rai

ltour

Suis

se

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@26

PERST

RIP

w

@26: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Reis

en N

etto

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@27

PERST

RIP

w

@27: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Rotu

nda

Tours

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes


80

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qw

@28

PERST

RIP

w

@28: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Sie

rra

Mar

Tours

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@29

PERST

RIP

w

@29: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Sky

Tours

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@30

PERST

RIP

w

@30: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

TU

I Su

isse

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@31

PERST

RIP

w

@31: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Voegele

Reis

en

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@32

PERST

RIP

w

@32: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Wag

on L

its

Tourism

e

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@33

PERST

RIP

w

@33: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Wettst

ein

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@34

PERST

RIP

w

@34: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

Clu

b/

school/

em

plo

yer

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@35

PERST

RIP

w

@35: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

oth

er

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qw

@36

PERST

RIP

w

@36: Tour

opera

tor

(com

pan

y) =

n/a

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qx

PERST

RIP

x: M

ajor

mean

s of tran

sport fro

m h

om

e to the d

est

inat

ion

Nom

inal

1 =

car

(ow

n/

renta

l), m

oto

r hom

e (

ow

n/

renta

l)

2 =

rai

lway

/ trai

n

3 =

sch

edule

d flight depar

ting fro

m S

wis

s ai

rport

4 =

sch

edule

d flight depar

ting fro

m n

on-S

wis

s ai

rport

5 =

char

ter

flig

ht depar

ting fro

m S

wis

s ai

rport

6 =

char

ter

flig

ht depar

ting fro

m n

on-S

wis

s ai

rport

7 =

ship

/ cr

uis

e

8 =

bus

9 =

moto

r bik

e, m

oto

r cy

cle

10 =

bic

ycle

11 =

oth

er

12 =

n.a

.

qy@

01

PERST

RIP

y@

01: M

ean

s of tran

sport a

t/ w

ithin

mai

n d

est

inat

ion =

car

(ow

n/

renta

l), m

oto

r hom

e

(ow

n/

renta

l)

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qy@

02

PERST

RIP

y@

02: M

ean

s of tran

sport a

t/ w

ithin

mai

n d

est

inat

ion =

rai

lway

/ trai

n

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qy@

03

PERST

RIP

y@

03: M

ean

s of tran

sport a

t/ w

ithin

mai

n d

est

inat

ion =

sch

edule

d flight

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes


81

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qy@

04

PERST

RIP

y@

04: M

ean

s of tran

sport a

t/ w

ithin

mai

n d

est

inat

ion =

char

ter

flig

ht

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qy@

05

PERST

RIP

y@

04: M

ean

s of tran

sport a

t/ w

ithin

mai

n d

est

inat

ion =

bus

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qy@

06

PERST

RIP

y@

04: M

ean

s of tran

sport a

t/ w

ithin

mai

n d

est

inat

ion =

moto

r bik

e/

moto

r cy

cle

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qy@

07

PERST

RIP

y@

04: M

ean

s of tran

sport a

t/ w

ithin

mai

n d

est

inat

ion =

bic

ycle

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qy@

08

PERST

RIP

y@

04: M

ean

s of tran

sport a

t/ w

ithin

mai

n d

est

inat

ion =

ship

/ boat

N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qy@

09

PERST

RIP

y@

04: M

ean

s of tran

sport a

t/ w

ithin

mai

n d

est

inat

ion =

mounta

in r

ailw

ay/

chai

rlift,

cable

way

, etc

. N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qy@

10

PERST

RIP

y@

04: M

ean

s of tran

sport a

t/ w

ithin

mai

n d

est

inat

ion =

subw

ay/

underg

round

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qy@

11

PERST

RIP

y@

04: M

ean

s of tran

sport a

t/ w

ithin

mai

n d

est

inat

ion =

tax

i N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qy@

12

PERST

RIP

y@

04: M

ean

s of tran

sport a

t/ w

ithin

mai

n d

est

inat

ion =

oth

er

Nom

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qy@

13

PERST

RIP

y@

04: M

ean

s of tran

sport a

t/ w

ithin

mai

n d

est

inat

ion =

n.a

. N

om

inal

0 =

no

1 =

yes

qz_

01

PERST

RIP

z_

01: Sp

orts:

wal

kin

g/

hik

ing

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

02

PERST

RIP

z_

02: Sp

orts:

tre

kkin

g/

tram

pin

g

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

03

PERST

RIP

z_

03: Sp

orts:

joggin

g/

wag

gin

g

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

04

PERST

RIP

z_

04: Sp

orts:

mounta

ineering

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

05

PERST

RIP

z_

05: Sp

orts:

gym

nas

tics

/ vi

ta p

arco

urs

M

etric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

06

PERST

RIP

z_

06: Sp

orts:

bic

ycling

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

07

PERST

RIP

z_

07: Sp

orts:

mounta

in b

ikin

g

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

08

PERST

RIP

z_

08: Sp

orts:

sw

imm

ing/

bat

hin

g

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

09

PERST

RIP

z_

09: Sp

orts:

div

ing/

snork

ellin

g

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

10

PERST

RIP

z_

10: Sp

orts:

surf

ing/

win

dsu

rfin

g

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

11

PERST

RIP

z_

11: Sp

orts:

sai

ling

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once


82

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qz_

12

PERST

RIP

z_

12: Sp

orts:

row

ing/

pad

dling

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

13

PERST

RIP

z_

13: Sp

orts:

tennis

M

etric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

14

PERST

RIP

z_

14: Sp

orts:

squas

h

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

15

PERST

RIP

z_

15: Sp

orts:

bad

min

ton/

shuttle

cock

M

etric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

16

PERST

RIP

z_

16: Sp

orts:

volleyb

all

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

17

PERST

RIP

z_

17: Sp

orts:

oth

er

bal

lgam

es

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

18

PERST

RIP

z_

18: Sp

orts:

pin

g-p

ong/

table

tennis

M

etric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

19

PERST

RIP

z_

19: Sp

orts:

golf

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

20

PERST

RIP

z_

20: Sp

orts:

inline s

kat

ing/

kic

kboar

d/

skat

eboar

d

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

21

PERST

RIP

z_

21: Sp

orts:

riv

er

raftin

g

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

22

PERST

RIP

z_

22: Sp

orts:

can

yonin

g

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

23

PERST

RIP

z_

23: Sp

orts:

bow

ling

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

24

PERST

RIP

z_

24: Sp

orts:

bocc

ia/

law

n b

ow

ling

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

25

PERST

RIP

z_

25: Sp

orts:

min

i golf

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

26

PERST

RIP

z_

26: Sp

orts:

hors

e r

idin

g

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

27

PERST

RIP

z_

27: Sp

orts:

par

achuting/

par

aglidin

g/

delta

sailin

g

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

28

PERST

RIP

z_

28: Sp

orts:

dow

nhill sk

i/ c

arvi

ng o

n s

lopes

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

29

PERST

RIP

z_

29: Sp

orts:

dow

nhill sk

i/ c

arvi

ng o

ff s

lopes

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

30

PERST

RIP

z_

30: Sp

orts:

snow

boar

din

g (

on a

nd o

ff s

lopes)

M

etric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

31

PERST

RIP

z_

31: Sp

orts:

cro

ss c

ountry

ski

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

32

PERST

RIP

z_

32: Sp

orts:

ski to

uring/

ski hik

ing

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

33

PERST

RIP

z_

33: Sp

orts:

ice

skat

ing/

hock

ey/

curlin

g

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

34

PERST

RIP

z_

34: Sp

orts:

hik

ing in w

inte

r (o

n o

ffic

ial w

inte

r hik

ing tra

cks)

M

etric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

35

PERST

RIP

z_

35: Sp

orts:

toboggan

ing/

sledgin

g/

bob/

skele

ton

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qz_

36

PERST

RIP

z_

36: Sp

orts:

oth

er

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_01

PERST

RIP

aa

_01: N

/ Sp

orts:

wal

kin

g

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_02

PERST

RIP

aa

_02: N

/ Sp

orts:

wal

kin

g o

n them

e p

aths

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once


83

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qaa

_03

PERST

RIP

aa

_03: N

/ Sp

orts:

strollin

g/

shoppin

g

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_04

PERST

RIP

aa

_04: N

/ Sp

orts:

excu

rsio

ns

by

car

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_05

PERST

RIP

aa

_05: N

/ Sp

orts:

excu

rsio

n b

y m

ounta

in r

ailw

ay/

cable

way

/ ch

airlift, e

tc.

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_06

PERST

RIP

aa

_06: N

/ Sp

orts:

excu

rsio

n b

y boat

/ sh

ip

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_07

PERST

RIP

aa

_07: N

/ Sp

orts:

sig

hts

eein

g (

built an

d n

atura

l obje

cts)

M

etric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_08

PERST

RIP

aa

_08: N

/ Sp

orts:

vis

it m

use

um

s M

etric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_09

PERST

RIP

aa

_09: N

/ Sp

orts:

go to the theat

re/

movi

es

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_10

PERST

RIP

aa

_10: N

/ Sp

orts:

get to

know

oth

er/

new

people

M

etric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_11

PERST

RIP

aa

_11: N

/ Sp

orts:

go to/

par

tici

pat

e in e

vents

(cu

ltura

l/ s

ports)

M

etric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_12

PERST

RIP

aa

_12: N

/ Sp

orts:

go to lect

ure

s/ e

xhib

itio

ns

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_13

PERST

RIP

aa

_13: N

/ Sp

orts:

vis

it z

oos/

nat

ure

par

ks

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_14

PERST

RIP

aa

_14: N

/ Sp

orts:

vis

it them

e p

ark

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_15

PERST

RIP

aa

_15: N

/ Sp

orts:

go to fai

rs

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_16

PERST

RIP

aa

_17: N

/ Sp

orts:

wat

ch T

V/

list

en to the r

adio

M

etric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_17

PERST

RIP

aa

_17: N

/ Sp

orts:

spend tim

e r

ead

ing b

ooks/

journ

als/

new

spap

ers

M

etric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_18

PERST

RIP

aa

_18: N

/ Sp

orts:

spend tim

e s

leepin

g/

rela

xin

g/

han

gin

g o

ut

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_19

PERST

RIP

aa

_19: N

/ Sp

orts:

spend tim

e b

askin

g in the s

un

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_20

PERST

RIP

aa

_20: N

/ Sp

orts:

spend tim

e a

t th

e b

eac

h

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_21

PERST

RIP

aa

_21: N

/ Sp

orts:

go d

anci

ng

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_22

PERST

RIP

aa

_22: N

/ Sp

orts:

hav

e a

drink

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_23

PERST

RIP

aa

_23: N

/ Sp

orts:

go to p

arties

of an

y kin

d

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_24

PERST

RIP

aa

_24: N

/ Sp

orts:

pla

y gam

es

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_25

PERST

RIP

aa

_25: N

/ Sp

orts:

pla

y w

ith the c

hildre

n/

undertak

e a

ctiv

itie

s w

ith c

hildre

n

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_26

PERST

RIP

aa

_26: N

/ Sp

orts:

spend v

alue tim

e w

ith the p

artn

er

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_27

PERST

RIP

aa

_27: N

/ Sp

orts:

do r

egim

ens

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_28

PERST

RIP

aa

_28: N

/ Sp

orts:

do w

ellness

of an

y kin

d

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_29

PERST

RIP

aa

_29: N

/ Sp

orts:

go to s

auna

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once


84

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qaa

_30

PERST

RIP

aa

_30: N

/ Sp

orts:

tak

e p

ictu

res/

vid

eos

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_31

PERST

RIP

aa

_31: N

/ Sp

orts:

try

the loca

l cu

isin

e

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_32

PERST

RIP

aa

_32: N

/ Sp

orts:

go to c

hurc

h

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_33

PERST

RIP

aa

_33: N

/ Sp

orts:

write

letters

/ ca

rds/

Em

ails

M

etric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_34

PERST

RIP

aa

_34: N

/ Sp

orts:

fis

h a

nd h

unt

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qaa

_35

PERST

RIP

aa

_35: N

/ Sp

orts:

oth

er

Metric

Num

ber

of day

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

execu

ted a

t le

ast once

qbb

TRIP

bb: O

vera

ll s

atis

fact

ion w

ith e

ntire

trip

Inte

rval

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

qcc

TRIP

cc

: Sa

tisf

action w

ith tourist

y offers

in c

hose

n d

est

inat

ion

Inte

rval

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

qdd

TRIP

dd: Sa

tisf

action w

ith c

hose

n a

ccom

modat

ion

Inte

rval

1 =

not sa

tisf

ied a

t al

l 2 =

rat

her

not sa

tisf

ied

3 =

rat

her

satisf

ied

4 =

very

sat

isfied

qef

PERST

RIP

ef: T

ype o

f trip

org

anis

atio

n (

pac

kag

e v

s. indiv

idual

) N

om

inal

1 =

pac

kag

e

2 =

non p

ackag

e

3 =

n.a

.

qeea

PERST

RIP

ee: a)

Pac

kag

e: pac

kag

e e

xpenditure

ppP

Metric

qeeb

PERST

RIP

ee: b)

Pac

kag

e: expenditure

for

additio

nal

F&

B p

pP

Metric

qeec

PERST

RIP

ee: c)

Pac

kag

e: expenditure

for

extras

ppP

Metric

qffa

PERST

RIP

ff: a)

N/P

ackag

e: expenditure

for

tran

sport p

pP

Metric

qffb

PERST

RIP

ff: b)

N/P

ackag

e: expenditure

for

acco

mm

odat

ion p

pP

Metric

qffc

PERST

RIP

ff: c)

N/P

ackag

e: expenditure

for

F&

B p

pP

Metric

qffd

PERST

RIP

ff: d)

N/P

ackag

e: expenditure

for

extras

ppP

Metric


85

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Variable

Level

Variable label

Measure

Values

qgg

TRIP

gg: Li

kelihood o

f re

turn

ing to s

ame d

est

inat

ion

Inte

rval

1 =

0%

2 =

10%

3 =

20%

...

11 =

100%

qhh

TRIP

hh: Li

kelihood o

f re

-sele

ctin

g the s

ame a

ccom

modat

ion

Inte

rval

1 =

0%

2 =

10%

3 =

20%

...

11 =

100%


86

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

6.4

Destination and accommodation coding

Destinations

Code

Destination

11000

Switze

rlan

d (

multip

le d

est

inat

ions)

11011

Engad

ine U

pper/

Low

er)

11012

Oth

er

canto

n o

f G

riso

ns

11021

Bern

ese

Upper

Land

11029

Oth

er

cato

n o

f Bern

e

11031

Central

Sw

itze

rlan

d: LU

, ZG

11032

Central

Sw

itze

rlan

d: O

W, N

W

11033

Central

Sw

itze

rlan

d: SZ

, U

R

11041

TI: N

orth o

f M

onte

Ceneri

11042

TI: S

outh

of M

onte

Ceneri

11051

VS:

upper

(germ

an)

11052

VS:

low

er

(fre

nch

) 11061

Lake G

eneva

: VD

, G

E

11062

Alp

es

vaudois

e (

VD

) 11069

Jura

Vau

dois

e (

VD

) 11071

Oth

er

canto

n o

f VD

11072

Jura

are

a: N

E, BE, SO

11081

Eas

tern

Sw

itze

rlan

d: AR, AI

11082

Eas

tern

Sw

itze

rlan

d: SG

11083

Eas

tern

Sw

itze

rlan

d: TG

, SH

11084

Eas

tern

Sw

itze

rlan

d: G

L 11085

Liech

tenst

ein

11099

oth

er

Switze

rlan

d

12000

Aust

ria

(multip

le d

est

inat

ions)

12011

Burg

enla

nd (

Eis

enst

adt)

12012

Car

inth

ia (

Kla

genfu

rt)

12013

Nie

derö

sterr

eic

h (

St. Pölten)

12014

Oberö

sterr

eic

h (

Linz)

12015

Salz

burg

(Sa

lzburg

) 12016

Steie

rmar

k (

Gra

z)

12017

Tyr

ol (I

nnsb

ruck

) 12018

Vora

rlberg

(Bre

genz)

12019

Vie

nna


87

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Code

Destination

12020

Aust

ria:

n/d

, oth

er

12001

Germ

any

(multip

le d

est

inat

ions)

12021

Bad

en-W

ürtte

mberg

(St

uttgar

t)

12022

Bav

aria

(M

unic

h)

12023

Berlin

and B

randenburg

(Pots

dam

) 12024

Ham

burg

und S

chle

swig

-Hols

tein

(K

iel)

12025

Hess

ia (

Wie

sbad

en)

12026

Meck

lenburg

-Vorp

om

mern

(Sc

hw

erin)

12027

Low

er

Saxony

(Han

nove

r) a

nd B

rem

en

12028

North R

hin

e -

West

phal

ia (

Düss

eld

orf)

12029

Rhein

land-P

falz

(M

ainz)

12030

Saar

land (

Saar

brü

cken)

12031

Saxony

(Drs

eden)

12032

Sach

sen-A

nhal

t (M

agdeburg

) 12033

Thuringia

(Erfurt)

12039

Germ

any:

n/d

, oth

er

12040

Fra

nce

(m

ultip

le d

est

inat

ions)

12041

Als

ace (

Stra

sbourg

) 12042

Aquitai

ne (

Bord

eau

x)

12043

Auve

rgne (

Cle

rmont-Ferr

and)

12044

Bourg

ogne (

Dijo

n)

12045

Bre

tagne (

Rennes)

12046

Centre (

Orlean

s)

12047

Cham

pag

ne-A

rdenne (

Chal

ons-

sur-

Mar

ne)

12048

Cors

ica

(Aja

ccio

) 12049

Fra

nch

e-C

om

te (

Besa

nco

n)

12050

Ile-d

e-F

rance

(Par

is)

12051

Languedoc-

Rouss

illo

n (

Montp

ellie

r)

12052

Lim

ousi

n (

Lim

oges)

12053

Lorr

aine/L

oth

ringen (

Metz

) 12054

Mid

i-Pyr

enee (

Toulo

use

) 12055

Nord

-Pas

-de-C

alai

s (L

ille

) 12056

Bas

se-N

orm

andie

(Cae

n)

12057

Hau

te-N

orm

andie

(Rouen)

12058

Pay

s de la

Loire (

Nan

tes)

12059

Pic

ardie

(Am

iens)


88

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Code

Destination

12060

Poitoi-Char

ente

s (P

oitie

rs)

12061

Pro

vence

-Alp

es

(Mar

seille

) 12062

Rhone-A

lpes

(Lyo

n)

12069

Fra

nce

: n/d

, oth

er

12070

Ital

y (m

ultip

le d

est

inat

ions)

12071

Abru

zzo (

LAquila)

12072

Bas

ilic

ata

(Pote

nza

) 12073

Cal

abria

(Cat

anza

ro)

12074

Cam

pan

ia (

Neap

el)

12075

Em

ilia

-Rom

agna

(Bolo

gna)

12076

Friuli-V

enezi

a-G

iulia

(Triest

e)

12077

Lazi

o (

Rom

a)

12078

Liguria

(Genova

) 12079

Lom

bar

dia

(M

ilan

o)

12080

Mar

che (

Anco

na)

12081

Molise

(Cam

pobas

so)

12082

Pie

monte

(Torino)

12083

Puglia

(Bar

i)

12084

Sard

egna

(Cag

liar

i)

12085

Sici

lia

(Pal

erm

o)

12086

Tosc

ana

(Firenze

) 12087

Tre

ntino-A

lto A

dig

e (

Tre

nto

) 12088

Um

bria

(Peru

gia

) 12089

Val

le d

Aost

a( A

ost

a)

12090

Veneto

(Venezi

a)

12099

Ital

y: n

/d, oth

er

13000

Spai

n (

multip

le d

est

inat

ions)

13011

Spai

n: M

editerr

anean

coas

t (m

ain lan

d)

13012

Spai

n: Bal

ear

es

(Mal

lorc

a, I

biz

a, M

enorc

a)

13013

Spai

n: Can

ary

Isla

nds

13014

Spai

n: Andal

usi

a 13015

Spai

n: M

adrid, Bar

celo

na,

Bilbao

13019

Spai

n: n/d

; oth

er

13020

Portugal

: Alg

arve

13021

Portugal

: M

adeira

13022

Portugal

: Li

sboa


89

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Code

Destination

13023

Portugal

: n/d

; oth

er

13029

Portugal

: n/d

, oth

er

13030

Gre

ece

(m

ultip

le d

est

inat

ions)

13031

Gre

ece

: M

ainla

nd

13032

Gre

ece

: Rhodes

13033

Gre

ece

: Cre

te

13039

Gre

ece

: oth

er

isla

nds

13040

Mal

ta

13050

Slove

nia

13060

Cro

atia

13070

Serb

ia a

nd M

onte

negro

13080

Bosn

ia a

nd H

ere

zegow

ina

13090

Cyr

pus

(Gre

ece

) 13099

South

ern

Euro

pe: n/d

, oth

er

14000

Belg

ium

14001

Luxem

burg

14010

Belg

ium

and L

uxem

burg

14020

Neth

erlan

ds

14031

UK

: Engla

nd

and L

ondon

14032

UK

: Sc

otlan

d a

nd W

ales;

Northern

Ire

land

14039

UK

: n/d

; oth

er

14040

Eire

15010

Denm

ark (

excl

. G

reenla

nd)

15020

Norw

ay

15030

Sweden

15040

Fin

land

15050

Icela

nd

15060

Gre

enla

nd

15099

Scan

din

avia

: n/d

, oth

er

16000

Hungar

y 16021

Hungar

y W

est

(Bal

aton)

16022

Hungar

y Eas

t (P

usz

ta)

16023

Hungar

y: B

udap

est

16030

Tsc

hech

Republik

16040

Slova

kia

16050

Rom

ania


90

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Code

Destination

16060

Bulg

aria

16070

Pole

n

16080

Bal

itic

sta

tes

(Est

land, Li

thuan

ia, La

tvia

) 16081

Est

land

16082

Lith

uan

ia

16083

Latv

ia

16090

Russ

ia (

Euro

pean

) 16091

Bela

rus

16092

Ukra

ine

16099

Eas

tern

Euro

pe: n/d

, oth

er

(West

of U

ral)

21010

Antigua

and B

arbuda

21020

Arg

entina

21030

Bah

amas

21040

Bar

bad

os

21050

Belize

21060

Bolivi

a 21070

Bra

sil

21080

Chile

21090

Cost

a Ric

a 21100

Dom

inic

a 21110

Dom

inic

an R

epublic

21120

Ecu

ador

21130

El Sa

lvad

or

21140

Gre

nad

a 21150

Guat

em

ala

21160

Guya

na

21170

Hai

ti

21180

Hondura

s 21190

Jam

aica

21000

Can

ada

(multip

le d

est

inat

ions)

21201

Can

ada:

New

foundla

nd, N

ova

Sco

tia

21202

Can

ada:

Quebec

21203

Can

ada:

Sak

atch

ew

an

21204

Can

ada:

Man

itoba

21205

Can

ada:

Alb

erta

21206

Can

ada:

British

Colu

mbia


91

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Code

Destination

21230

Colo

mbia

21240

Cuba

21250

Mexic

o

21260

Nic

arag

ua

21270

Pan

ama

21280

Par

aguay

21290

Peru

21300

St. K

itts

and N

evi

s 21310

St. Lu

cia

21320

St. Vin

cent

21330

Surinam

21340

Trinid

ad a

nd T

obag

o

21350

Uru

guay

21359

USA

(m

ultip

le d

est

inat

ions)

21360

USA

: N

ew

Engla

nd (

Mai

ne, M

assa

chuse

tts,

New

Ham

psh

ire, Verm

ont, C

onnect

icut, R

hode I

slan

d, N

ew

York

, N

ew

Jers

ey, Pennsy

lvan

ia, M

aryla

nd,

Virgin

ia, W

est

Virgin

ia, D

ela

war

e)

(inkl. B

ost

on, N

ew

York

, W

ashin

gto

n D

.C.)

21361

USA

: Flo

rida

21362

USA

: So

uth

(N

. und S

. Car

olina,

Georg

ia, Tenness

ee, Ala

bam

a, M

issi

ssip

pi, L

ouis

iana)

21363

USA

: So

uth

west

(Colo

rado, U

tah, N

eva

da,

Cal

iforn

ia, Arizo

na,

New

Mexic

o)

21364

USA

: N

orthw

est

(O

regon, W

ashin

gto

n S

tate

, Id

aho, M

onta

na,

Wyo

min

g)

21365

USA

: H

awai

i 21366

USA

: Ala

ska

21367

USA

: oth

er

21370

Venezu

ela

21380

Am

erica

: n/d

, oth

er

31010

Egyp

t 31020

Alg

eria

31030

Angola

31040

Equat

orial

-Guin

ea

31050

Eth

iopia

31060

Benin

31070

Bots

wan

a 31080

Burk

ina

Fas

o

31090

Buru

ndi

31100

Ivory

Coas

t 31110

Djib

outi

31120

Eritrea


92

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Code

Destination

31130

Gab

un

31140

Gam

bia

31150

Ghan

a 31160

Guin

ea

31170

Guin

ea-

Bis

sau

31180

Cam

ero

on

31190

Cap

Verd

e

31200

Kenia

31210

Com

ore

s 31220

Congo

31230

Congo (

Zai

re)

31240

Leso

tho

31250

Liberia

31260

Libya

31270

Mad

agas

car

31280

Mal

awi

31290

Mal

i 31300

Mar

occ

o

31310

Mau

reta

nia

31320

Mau

ritius

31330

Mosa

mbiq

ue

31340

Nam

ibia

31350

Nig

er

31360

Nig

eria

31370

Ruan

da

31380

Sam

bia

31390

Sao T

om

e

31400

Senegal

31410

Sierr

a Le

one

31420

Sim

bab

we

31430

Som

alia

31440

South

Afrrica

31450

Sudan

31460

Swas

ilan

d

31470

Tan

sania

31480

Togo


93

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Code

Destination

31490

Tsc

had

31500

Tunesi

a 31510

Ugan

da

31520

West

ern

Sah

ara

31530

Zai

re

31540

Central

Afric

a 31550

Afric

a: n

/d, oth

er

41010

Afg

han

ista

n

41020

Arm

enia

41030

Ase

rbai

dsc

han

41040

Bah

rain

41050

Ban

gla

Desh

41060

Bhuta

n

41070

Bru

nei

41080

Chin

a

41090

Georg

ia

41100

Indie

n

41110

Indonesi

en

41120

Iraq

41130

Iran

41140

Isra

el

41150

Japan

41160

Jem

en

41170

Jord

ania

41180

Cam

bodia

41190

Kas

achst

an

41200

Kat

ar

41210

Kyr

gyz

stan

41220

Kuw

ait

41230

Laos

41240

Leban

on

41250

Mal

aysi

a an

d S

ingap

ore

41260

Mal

div

es

41270

Mongolia

41280

Mya

nm

ar (

Burm

a)

41290

Nepal


94

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Code

Destination

41300

North K

ore

a 41310

Om

an

41320

Eas

t-Tim

or

41330

Pak

ista

n

41340

Pal

est

ina

41350

Pap

ua

Neuguin

ea

41360

Philip

pin

es

41370

Russ

ia (

Asi

a)

41380

Saudi Ara

bie

n

41390

Seyc

helles

41400

Sri La

nka

41410

South

Kore

a 41420

Syria

41430

Taj

ikis

tan

41440

Tai

wan

41450

Thai

land

41460

Turk

ey

41470

Turk

menis

tan

41480

Usb

ekis

tan

41490

UAE U

nited A

rab E

mirat

es

41500

Vie

t N

am

41510

Asi

a: n

/d, oth

er

51000

Aust

ralia

51011

Aust

ralia:

Queensl

and

51012

Aust

ralia:

New

South

Wal

es

51013

Aust

ralia:

Vic

toria

51014

Aust

ralia:

South

Aust

ralia

51015

Aust

ralia:

Northern

Terr

itory

51016

Aust

ralia:

West

ern

Aust

ralia

51020

Fiji

51030

Kirib

ati

51040

Mar

shal

l Is

lands

51050

Mik

ronesi

a 51060

Nau

ru

51072

New

Zeal

and

51070

New

Zeal

and N

orth I

slan

d


95

© ID

T-H

SG Inst

itute

for

Public

Serv

ices

and T

ourism

at th

e U

niv

ers

ity

of St

. G

alle

n. All r

ights

rese

rved.

Code

Destination

51071

New

Zeal

and S

outh

Isl

and

51080

Pal

au

51090

Salo

mones

51100

Sam

oa

51110

Tonga

51120

Tuva

lu

51130

Van

uat

u

51140

Oce

ania

: n/d

, oth

er

99999

World: n/d

, oth

er

countrie

s

Accommodation

Code

Type of accommodation

1

Hote

l/ R

eso

rt/

Mote

l **

**-*

****

2

Hote

l/ R

eso

rt/

Mote

l **

-***

3

Hote

l/ R

eso

rt/

Mote

l *

4

Friends

and r

ela

tive

s 5

B&

B/

Priva

te r

oom

(Resi

dential

sta

y)

6

Holiday

resi

dence

ow

ned b

y pers

on w

ithin

tra

vellin

g h

ouse

hold

7

Holiday

resi

dence

, re

nte

d fro

m friends

and r

ela

tive

s at

pre

fere

ntial

term

s 8

Holiday

resi

dence

, re

nte

d a

t re

gula

r te

rms

9

Cam

pin

g 8

tent, R

V, Cam

per

10

Youth

Host

el/

Bac

kpac

ker

11

Hut, C

amp

12

Far

mst

ay

13

Ship

/ Boat

(Cru

ise)

14

Heal

th r

eso

rt/

Sanat

orium

15

Pla

ne, trai

n, bus,

or

car

16

oth

er

travel market switzerland 2004 basic report...3.2 travel ratios by socio-demographics: it is the...

Documents