transport and circulation
DESCRIPTION
Transport and Circulation. We’ll be discussing. Cellular Transport Plant Tissues and Transport in Plants Trends and Various Strategies Used by Animals to Transport Materials Transport in Man Disorders of the Circulatory System. Membranes and cellular transport. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Transport and CirculationTransport and Circulation
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We’ll be We’ll be discussingdiscussing
1.1. Cellular TransportCellular Transport2.2. Plant Tissues and Plant Tissues and
Transport in PlantsTransport in Plants3.3. Trends and Trends and
Various Strategies Various Strategies Used by Animals to Used by Animals to Transport Transport MaterialsMaterials
4.4. Transport in ManTransport in Man5.5. Disorders of the Disorders of the
Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
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Membranes and cellular Membranes and cellular transporttransport
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Active vs Passive Active vs Passive TransportTransport
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Transport Transport of large of large
moleculesmolecules
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Summary of Transport Summary of Transport ProcessesProcesses
Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion
Pumps Endocytosis/exocytosis
Direction High to Low High to Low High to Low Low to High N/A
Transport Mechanism
Pores Pores Channels Pumps Membrane
Energy Required?
No No No Yes Yes
Type of particle
Small, nonpolar
Water Small-medium
Ions Small-large
Examples of particles
CO2, O2 H2O Glucose, fructose, Na+, Ca+2
Na+, K+, H+ Food, waste
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Transport within the eukaryotic cell
Endomembrane system
• Endoplasmic reticulum– manufacturing and
transport facility– proteins produced in rough
ER are packaged in vesicles• Golgi apparatus
– modification and storage facility
– receiving end and shipping end
• Vacuole– large membrane bound sacs– usually stores undigested
nutrients
Cyclosis/cytoplasmic streaming
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TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
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VASCULAR VASCULAR TISSUES: TISSUES: XYLEM AND XYLEM AND PHLOEMPHLOEM
Xylem Tracheids* Vessel elements* Parenchyma cells Fiber
Phloem Sieve-tube members Companion cells Sclerenchyma fibers Parenchyma cells
Both are continuous throughout the plant body
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OVERVIEW OF TRANSPORT IN A VASCULAR PLANT
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CELLULAR LEVEL TRANSPORT Plant cells can maintain an internal
environment different from their surroundings
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SHORT-DISTANCE H2O TRANSPORT IN THE ROOT
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WATER AND MINERALS ASCEND THROUGH THE XYLEMROOT PRESSURETRANSPIRATION–COHESION–TENSION THEORY
Tension – negative pressure
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STOMATA HELP REGULATE THE RATE OF TRANSPIRATIONLeaves – broad surface
areas Increase photosynthesis Increase water loss
through stomata (transpiration)
Lower epidermaltissue
Trichomes(“hairs”)
CuticleUpper epidermal tissue
Stomata 100 m
Turgid Flaccid
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TurgidFlaccid
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ORGANIC NUTRIENTS ARE TRANSLOCATED THROUGH THE PHLOEM(PRESSURE – FLOW MODEL)
Translocation – transport of organic molecules in the plant
Phloem sap Mostly sucrose Sugar source sugar
sink Source is a producer
of sugar Sink is a
consumer/storage facility for sugar
Vessel(xylem)
H2O
H2O
Sieve tube(phloem)
Source cell(leaf)
Sucrose
H2O
Sink cell(storageroot)
1
Sucrose
Loading of sugar (green dots) into the sieve tube at the source reduces
water potential inside the sieve-tube members. This causes the tube to take up water by osmosis. 2
4 3
1
2This uptake of water generates a positive pressure that forces the sap to flow along the tube.
The pressure is relieved by the unloading of sugar and the consequent loss of water from the tubeat the sink.
3
4 In the case of leaf-to-roottranslocation, xylem recycles water from sinkto source.Tr
ansp
irat
ion
stre
am
Pres
sure
flow
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