The Early Modern Period: By Sea

Transoceanic Interconnections PERIOD 2: 1450CE—1750CE

American Her i t age School

UNIT 4 TOPIC WORSHOPS

While the gunpowder land-based empires of the Ottoman, Mughal, Russian, and Qing dynasties dominated Eastern Europe and Asia, Western Europe set out to gain resources on lands across the ocean in the Americas. Led by Portuguese and Spanish attempts to find an all-water route to China and Southeast Asia, the “discovery” of the New World led to a colonial age that would change the political, economic, cultural, and social systems of BOTH hemispheres. Mercantilist policies dominated this period and the process of accumulating wealth dominated European economies.

Some European nations sought only to exploit the newly controlled lands for resources, while others sought new lands for their population to settle. Some saw this as an opportunity to expand the reach of their merchants, while others saw the opportunity to expand the reach of their religions. It is during this “Age of Exploration” that the states of Western Europe expanded their influence, whether directly or indirectly, across the globe.

Unit 4 Thematic Summary 2

Unit 4 Preliminary Knowledge

3

Website Resources and Class Activity Schedule 4

Inside this issue:

COURSE AP WORLD HISTORY

INSTRUCTOR Mr. Michael J. Tavernia

CLASSROOM 2201

VOICEMAIL x3157

EMAIL michael.tavernia@ahschool.com

OFFICE HOURS MON 3:30-4:30

Course Website www.mrtavernia.com

4.1 Technological Innovations 4.2 Exploration: Causes and Events 4.3 Columbian Exchange 4.4 Maritime Empires Established 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed 4.6 Internal & External Challenges to State Power 4.7 Changing Social Hierarchies 4.8 Continuity and Change from 1450-1750

UNIT 4 TENTATIVE DATES November 11th—December 7th

Tavernia 2021-2022

UNIT

4

Unit 4 PK Quiz Mon 11/15

Unit 4 MC/SA Test Fri 12/3

Period 2 LEQ-CCOT Tue 12/7

TENTATIVE DATES

Page 2

Unit 4 AP Thematic Summary (1450CE-1750CE) - InSPECT

INTERACTION SOCIAL POLITICAL -Little Ice Age: global cooling and its consequences -The Columbian Exchange: global biological Transformations -Global population growth and environmental change due to Columbian exchange -Demographic history of the slave trade: migration and change over time -Environmental effects of silver mining in Bolivia -Species depletion due to the fur trade (North America) -Reforestation in Japan -Deforestation in China

-Class and gender in the early modern era -Importance of female merchants in SE Asia -Multiculturalism in China -Expressing social status via trade goods -Emergence of mestizo/mulatto classes in the Americas -Gender and social change in Africa as a result of the slave trade -Women in American colonial societies -The fur trade’s effects on gender roles in North America -Comparing colonial social structures in North and South America -Erosion of women’s roles in the colonial Philippines -Women in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

-Early modern state building: primary sources from Europe, and the Americas -European conquest and empire building in the Americas -African state building and state disintegration in the slave-trade era -A Spanish colonial state in the Philippines -Japan and China: limiting European incursions -The Tokugawa state in Japan

ECONOMIC CULTURAL TECHNOLOGY -The Atlantic slave trade: origins, operations, and outcomes -The spice trade: empires of European commerce in Asia -Global silver trade: effects on Spanish America, Japan, China, and Europe -Plantation economies begin in the Americas -Forced labor and the hacienda system -The fur trade: North America and Russia Compared -Settler economies in the Americas -Growth of silver-mining economy: Potosi

-Emergence of modern science in Europe -Christianity in the Philippines, Siberia, Spanish America, Russia, China, Japan, and Mughal India -African religious cultures in the Americas -Responses to European science: China, Japan, and the Islamic world -European Enlightenment

-Terrace farming in the Andes -Improved maritime technology allows empires to expand -Chinampas by Aztecs -Portuguese develop new maritime technologies -Development of new ships: caravel, carrack, and fluyt -Introduction of Afro-Eurasian technologies to the Americas -Telescope as a technology of scientific inquiry

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Unit 4 Preliminary Knowledge 77 Terms

Unit 4 Transoceanic Interconnections Presented by Group 2 Read the following chapter, noting textbook maps and other text features and be prepared for a preliminary knowledge quiz on the following terms/concepts. [BOLD terms are bolded in the text]

Chapter 6: Economic Transformations (246-280) [29 terms] Vasco da Gama (248) Prestor John (250) India Ocean Commercial Network (250) Mombasa-Hormuz-Goa-Macao (251) Trading Post Empire (252) Cartaz (252) Philippines (253) Manila (254) British East India Company (254) Dutch East India Company (254) Bombay-Calcutta-Madrasa (255) Daimyo (256) Samurai (256) Shogun (256) Tokugawa Shogunate (256) Silver Drain (259) Pieces of Eight (259) Potosi (259) Fur Trade (262) Soft Gold (265) Transatlantic Slave System (266) Middle Passage (266) African Diaspora (266) British Royal Africa Company (272) Maroon Societies (275) Palmares (275) Maize and Manioc (Cassava) (275) Cowrie Shells (275) Signares (276)

Short Answer Preliminary Knowledge Presented by Group 3 The following short answer questions taken from the readings should be prepared as possible short answer questions on the Preliminary Knowledge quiz. [1-3 Sentences]

Chapter 6: Economic Transformations (246-280) -What drove European involvement in the world of Asian commerce? -Why was Europe just beginning to participate in global commerce during the sixteenth century? -To what extent did the Portuguese realize their goals in the Indian Ocean? -How did the goals and actions of the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, and British in Asia differ? -What was the significance of the silver trade in the early modern era of world history? -Describe the impact of the fur trade on North American native societies? -How did European trade goods impact native societies? -What differences can you identify among the spice, silver, and fur trades? -What was distinctive about the Atlantic slave trade as compared to other systems of forced labor? -What explains the rise of the Atlantic slave trade? -In what ways did the Atlantic slave trade transform African societies?

Unit 4 Transoceanic Interconnections Presented by Group 4 Read the following chapter, noting textbook maps and other text features and be prepared for a preliminary knowledge quiz on the following terms/concepts. [BOLD terms are bolded in the text]

Chapter 7: Cultural Transformations (292-307 & 312-326) [32 terms] Siege of Vienna (294) Protestant Reformation (294) Martin Luther (295) Indulgences (296) Huguenots (298) Thirty-Years War (298) Counter Reformation (298) Council of Trent (298) Society of Jesus (298) Taki Onqoy (304) Huacas (304) Cofradias (304) Fiscal (304) Jesuits in China (305) Matteo Ricci (305) Emperor Kangxi (306) Scientific Revolution (312) Corporation (313) Nicolaus Copernicus (315) Johannes Kepler (315) Galileo Galilei (315) Sir Isaac Newton (315) Rene Descartes (316) Margaret Cavendish (317) Adam Smith (319) European Enlightenment (319) John Locke (319) Voltaire (319) Pantheists (319) Marquis de Condorcet (321) Mary Wollstonecraft (321) Jean Jacques Rousseau (321)

Short Answer Preliminary Knowledge Presented by Group 5 The following short answer questions taken from the readings should be prepared as possible short answer questions on the Preliminary Knowledge quiz. {1-3 Sentences}

Chapter 7: Cultural Transformations (292-307 & 312-326) -What were the long-term and short-term causes of the Protestant Reformation? -Analyze the impact of the printing press on the spread of Protestantism and the divisions within it? -What motivated European political and economic expansion in the late 15th century? -What factors led to the greater success for European missionaries in Spanish America and the Philippines than in Africa and Asia? -What conflicts did the Scientific Revolution cause in Europe? -Explain how the rise of universities contributed to the Scientific Revolution? -What was revolutionary about the Scientific Revolution?

Unit 4 Transoceanic Interconnections Presented by Group 1 Short Answer Preliminary Knowledge Read the following chapter, noting textbook maps and other text features The following short answer questions taken from the readings should and be prepared for a preliminary knowledge quiz on the following be prepared as possible short answer questions on the Preliminary terms/concepts. [BOLD terms are bolded in the text] Knowledge quiz. [1-3 Sentences]

Chapter 5: Political Transformations (198-219) [16 terms] Chapter 5: Political Transformations (198-219) Hernán Cortés (203) Tenochtitlán (203) -In what ways did European empires in the Americas resemble their Russian, Great Dying (206) Little Ice Age (206) Chinese, and Ottoman counterparts? General Crisis (206) Columbian Exchange (208) -What historical developments enabled Europeans to carve out huge empires Mercantilism (209) Encomienda (210) an ocean away from their homelands? Hacienda (210) Peon (210) -What large-scale transformations did European empires generate? Creole (211) Peninsulares (211) -How did European nations differ in their colonization of the Western Mestizo (211) Castas (212) Hemisphere? Mulattoes (216) Settler Colonies (217) -How did sugar transform Brazil and the Caribbean? -How did ethnic composition differ within Latin America?

-What distinguished the British settler colonies of North America from their counterparts in Latin America? -How was the role of religion different in the colonization of Latin America than in the colonization of North America?

Groupwork/Dyad Schedule

Unit 4 Crash Review Group Assignments [3 minutes each]

Chapter 5: Political Transformations Group 1: Terms/Concepts AND Short Answers

Chapter 6: Economic Transformations Group 2: Terms/Concepts Group 3: Short Answers

Chapter 7: Cultural Transformations Group 4: Terms/Concepts Group 5: Short Answers

Unit 4 Harkness Discussion & Dyad Activity Schedule

Source Doc Title Activity Assignments

Source Doc 4-1 Innovations in Ship Design Dyad Activity Dyad: 2 o’clock

Source Doc 4-2 The Life of an Explorer Harkness Discussion Group 1 Participate—Group 2 Evaluate

Source Doc 4-3 The Columbian Exchange Harkness Discussion Group 2 Participate—Group 3 Evaluate

Source Doc 4-4 The Atlantic Slave Trade Harkness Discussion Group 3 Participate—Group 4 Evaluate

Source Doc 4-5 Mercantilism Harkness Discussion Group 4 Participate—Group 5 Evaluate

Source Doc 4-6 The Marathas of India Harkness Discussion Group 5 Participate—Group 1 Evaluate

Source Doc 4-7 The American Casta System Dyad Activity Dyad: 4 o’clock

Unit 4 Class Activity Requirements 25 points

Harkness Discussion Score 10 points Final Score from: Participation (8 points) and Evaluation (2 points)

Actively Learn Read & Respond 5 points -1 point for each ZERO or INCOMPLETE.

Document Analysis Worksheet 5 points Missing or Blank = 0 Partially Complete = 3 Complete = 5 Dyad: 8 o’clock

Essay Outlines (2) 5 points Missing or Blank = 0 Partially Complete = 3 Complete = 5 Dyad: 11 o’clock [Complete 1 LEQ-COMP] Focus: Historical Reasoning [Complete 1 LEQ-CCOT] Focus: Thesis