transforming transport - urban mobility...
TRANSCRIPT
TRANSFORMING TRANSPORTIN SEOUL
FROM CAR TO PUBLIC TRANSPORT
(Mike) Gyeng Chul KIM Ph.D., P.E.,Prof.
Gachon Univ. S Korea(Ex-President, Korea Transport Institute)
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
(0)(0)
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Population(now)Metro Seoul : 10 M
Greater Seoul : 24 M
Some years agoSeoul
Some years agoSeoul
Seoul in 1970s
Extreme traffic congestionHustle and bustle to get on/off the bus
Traffic flow disruptionPassengers exiting buses three lanes away
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Chaos ? (1970-1990) Registered vehicles: 50 times
1970: 60 thousand 2000 : over 2 million Registered vehicles: 50 times
1970: 60 thousand 2000 : over 2 million[Registered Vehicles in Seoul]
0
5,00,000
10,00,000
15,00,000
20,00,000
25,00,000
30,00,000
35,00,000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year No. of Registered Vehicles
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Congestion, Air Pollution, Traffic Accident,Discomfort, Dis-amenity, Un-controllable
Reduction : # of Circuits
(1970-1980)- 7-8 times/day/bus- 1,069 p/day/bus
- Golden Goose
(1990-2000)- 3-4 times/day/bus
- 506 p/day/bus- Black Swan
Triple Loss (P-G-O)(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
WHY ? “ Revitalization of BUS ”WHY ? “ Revitalization of BUS ”
Declining Trend : Every year 0.8 M.P. down
Private Operator BANKRUPTCY 103 (`90) → 58 (`02)
Gov. SUBSIDY 9M USD (`99) → 105.6M USD (`02)
Trend of bus ridershipTrend of bus ridership
1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
(Million.Pax / year)
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Gridlock in Seoul in 90’sAir Pollution and Cancer Occurrence
Energy Consumption IncreaseTraffic Accidents
Discomfort
Government subsidy increase
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Seoul, Paradigm ShiftSustainable Urban Transport
Seoul, Paradigm ShiftSustainable Urban Transport
65% Transit (B+S)
Car-spaceReduction Policy
Car-spaceReduction Policy
(1)(1)
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
6 Key Success Factors
Construction of overpasses(1970-1990)
10
Traffic CongestionRelief
ByOverpasses
Common Sense
Construction in 1978
Construction of 106 overpasses
11
Figure: Number of overpasses from the 1960s to the 2000sSource: Kim et al, 2011
Spreading of critical intersections
12
Figure: More than 3 times occurred corridors of critical speed (less than 15k/m)Source: Joonho Kim et al,
Urban Railway Network Expansion
13
1st Phase (~1985) 2nd Phase (~2001) 3rd Phase (~2012)
4 Lines,
115 Stations
(134.9km)
8 Lines,
263 Stations
(286.9km)
13 Lines,
521 Stations
(825.2km)
Paradigm shift
Demolition (48)or
Construction (106)14
Flyover ? -- for what?Another parking space?
□ Restoration of Cheong-gye-cheon Decrease of car-traffic volume: 125,000 veh/day
Before After (Sep. 2005)
□ Reform of Seoul Plaza 2004. 5. 1 Open → Restrain Traffic Flow → Ped. Square
Before After(May 2004)
Passenger-car Reduction Policy
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Car space Transit facilitiesChengryangri station
Before After (2004)(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Bus ReformComprehensiveMaster Plan
+
See Future
Bus ReformComprehensiveMaster Plan
+
See Future
(2)(2)
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
6 Key Success Factors
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Korean Institution ( Integrated + Future )
1. Integrated administrationfor a nationwide integrated transport system
Integrated MinistryMo L I T
(Land use + Infrastructure + Transport )
- Urban Transport Improvement ACT.
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Korean Institution ( Integrated + Future )
2. Future thinking administrationfor a Future Planning
Future MinistryMo SIFP(Future Planning + Creative + ICTs + Science)http://english.msip.go.kr/index.do
2020,2030,2050 forecast and analyze?What is our future?
UrbanizationMotorization
S-Curve
300 T/F
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Master PlanTransport + Land Use
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
http://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20110406015018
StrongAuthority and
Think Tank
StrongAuthority and
Think Tank
(3)(3)
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
6 Key Success Factors
1) What is the Vision ? (World Best Transit City)
2) What is the Goal, Strategic Keyword?
Competitiveness Public Transport QualityNumeric measurement : 65% by TransitTarget Year : in 3 years
3) What is “Mission Statement”, ?( Take Transit, Enjoy more time for Life)
KSF: Set Vision, Goal, Mission statement
- Reducing parking lots at city hall (40050)- Monday, Mass Transit Day (Bus + Subway)- Reducing parking lots, increase parking fee- Give-up Car
KSF : Me-First from City Hall
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
- National Think Tank : KOTI- Metropolitan Gov. : SDI ( SI )
Think Tank : KOTI and SDI
CommissionedResearch
PrimeMinister’s
Office
KOTILocal
GovernmentMOLIT
CommissionedResearch
Policy Support
NRCS
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
SolidBudget
SolidBudget
(4)(4)
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
6 Key Success Factors
Finance Innovation
Fuel Tax, PPP, Value Capturing (add)
Oil Taxation vs. Oil Subsidy
India
Korea$ 1.51/l
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Gasoline Diesel
US
$/Li
ter
VAT
Education Tax
Mileage Tax
Fuel Tax
ProductionCost
We have no budget?Source: Korea National Oil Corporation(2012), http://www.opinet.co.kr/chart.do?cmd=oilknow.saleprice.list
Self-funded Authority
( Infra fundGasoline Tax, etc…)
When introduce?: It’s the TIME !
- International Oil-price down(Tax adding )
Where do we use ?Public Transport ( Op-cost )Infrastructure(Rail, Port, Ex..) Car User and Future Generation
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
ICT BasedScientific
Administration
ICT BasedScientific
Administration
(5)(5)
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
6 Key Success Factors
Thanks : National Data-based Center (ICT)
(DATA) Bus Management System
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
T- Money Card Data
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Scientific Administration
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Credit card
Payment for Public transport
Mobile Phone
Technology? Yes! What’s side benefit ?Transparency Improvement -100% Clear !
PoliticalLeadership
PoliticalLeadership
(6)(6)
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
6 Key Success Factors
□ Lessons : Political LeadershipInnovation Leaders in KOREA
M.B. LeeM.B. Lee
KenLivingstone,London
KenLivingstone,London
Junghee ParkJunghee Park
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Demonstration Against CRP, November, 2003
□ Consensus Building: It was not easy!Political support and communications were critical
- Consensus building (4200, 2n3d meeting)
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Making Consensus..Conflict Resolution :
Next generation“ What’s your dream?”
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Hope Wall in CheonGyeCheon
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
Communication ChannelCommunication Channel
We should not depriveour children of theirfuture
People orientedpolicy, not car
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
6 Key Lessons from Seoul :Other Cities have undertaken similar initiatives?
• Comprehensive Master Plan HolisticWin-Win-Win Situation for all residents(even Car users),PT customers and providers, Governments
• ICT-based Integration key part of Reform• Paradigm Shift :TDM and Land-use plan• Strong Authority and Think Tank, for implementation
• Leadership and Political will : Communications• Solid Budget – we have no money!
–Make Strong champion and spread out
Sustainable City:
1. Where the Rich and Poor use publictransport and NMT (heaven),not a place where everyone(inc. the Poor) has
and use cars(disaster).2. Good Public Transport(PT) service Discourage car ownership – sustainable.
(ex) Poor Public Transport :Make mother’s life misery, encourage Car.
:At Bus stop, a Mother with 2 children(free)
I am very SORRY!
46http://www.mb.com.ph/campaign-begins/
http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TPTS_pubs/bulletin82/b82_Chapter4.pdf
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
1)Congestion
2)Air Pollution
3) High Fatalities
Plz Think Out-of-Box“ Problems cannot be solved at the same level
of awareness that created them.”-Albert Einstein –
자료출처: http://inside.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2013/04/19/2013041900625.html
Miracle of Han River
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
1955, After Korean warExtreme Poverty
2012, Seoul,GangNam
To developing countries – Can-Do spirit- We are ready to share our experience
(Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
http://english.koti.re.kr/board/special/index.asp?code=koti&mCode=040400
Knowledge Sharing Program(special report)
Break the pattern, Think differentlyNOT for Vehicles, BUT for People
[email protected](Take Transit, Enjoy more time of your Life)
(Mike) Gyeng Chul KIM, Ph.D., P.E., Prof.,Ex-President
The Korea Transport Institute
50
It is TIME to change
What time is it for …..?