training slides
TRANSCRIPT
Product Line Review
Five Family Groups
◦ Panel-mount models
◦ Individual equipment protection models
◦ Dedicated load circuit protection models
◦ Data models
◦ Telecommunication models
ST-RSE line – 4 mode – no tracking
RM line – 7 mode- frequency attenuation- 20 –40 - 60 ka per phase
LA line – 10 mode – frequency attenuation-
ST line – True all mode – Optimal Response & Optimal frequency attenuation
Application:◦ 200 amp Sub-Panels ◦ Low Exposure Areas◦ Individual Equipment
Peak Surge Current Per Mode:◦ 20 kA
4 mode, No frequency attenuation, thermal and current fuses.
ST-RSE3Y1ST-RSE3Y2ST-RSE3N2ST-RSE3N4
Application:◦ Sub-Panels
◦ Low Exposure Areas
◦ Individual Equipment
Peak Surge Current Per Phase:◦ 40, 80 & 120 kA
RM-ST60, RM-ST80, RM-ST120
1P1, 1P2, 1S1, 3Y1, 3Y2, 3N2, 3N4
RM-ST40 3Y1, 3Y2, 3N2, 3N4Small Drives or Panels up to 250 amps
Frequency Attenuation Component/Current FusingNo options
3 or 4 Mode
Frequency Attenuation
Thermal/Current Fused
Compact
Up to 250 Amps
Great for small VFD, Power Supplies, Rectifiers.
Applications◦ Main Service Entrance
Panels◦ Medium and High
Exposure◦ Panels up to 2500 Amps
Ten mode – current and
thermal fusing,
Frequency tracking,
various options.
Ka Ratings per phase◦ 60 kA◦ 120 kA◦ 180 kA◦ 240 kA◦ 300 kA
LA-ST60 / LA-ST120 / LA-ST180LA-ST240 / LA-ST3001P1, 1P2, 1S1, 3Y1, 3Y2, 3N2, 3N4, 3N6
Applications◦ Main Panels, sub-
panels◦ Individual
equipment◦ Medium to high
exposure◦ Locations up to
5,000 Amps
Peak Surge Current
Per phase◦ 90 kA◦ 120 kA◦ 180 kA◦ 240 kA◦ 300 kA◦ 420 kA◦ 600 kA◦ 720 kA◦ 900 kA
ST-S(C)SLA, ST-S(C)KLA, ST-S(C)DLA, ST-L(C)SEA, ST-S(C)MLA, ST-S(C)ILA,ST-S(C)HLA, ST-S(C)HDLA, ST-S(C)MDLA
ST-S(C)XDLA
Determines two aspects of the design of the product◦ Peak surge current
◦ Sine wave tracking (SWT) or not
SWT is designated by a base model beginning with “C”
RES models indicate SWT by adding an “S” after “RES”, or “RESS”.
Reflects the nominal system voltage of the system to which the SPD will be applied
No dashes between the base model and the voltage code on the Advantage ST units.
Reflect the various options that one might utilize for a particular application.
The key to properly providing option codes is to place them in alphabetical order with no dashes or spaces.
Basic application
Not intended to set limits
Only general examples
C62.72TM-2007 - IEEE Guide for the Application of Surge-Protective Devices for Low-Voltage (1000 Volts or Less) AC Power Circuits
General construction
Parallel or series
SWT or not
Encapsulation is described here
General method of fusing
General description of the modes of protection
Selecting PSC can be challenging
Lightning – 10,000 amps up to 200,000 amps or more
Very much controversy amongst the experts as to how much peak surge current is too much, adequate or not sufficient
From C62.72TM-2007:◦ Most lightning strikes - range of 10 kA to 40 kA
◦ Median value - 15 kA to 20 kA
◦ Only 6% of the currents were above 60 kA
◦ Less than 2% of the currents were above 100 kA
Controversial area of discussion
Opinions vary greatly on this issue
Currents measured in most studies are that of lightning NOT the amount of surge current that can actually enter in the building electrical system
These values can be vastly different (lower)
The Ten-to-One Rule of Thumb:◦ Ten-to-one ratio between the service size and the
peak surge current per mode of the SPD – as a starting point
◦ One must consider the expected exposure of the installation location (even if the panel is internal to the facility – the loads may not be)
Lightning is lightning - whether in Florida or North Dakota
Lightning in either area can carry the same levels of current
In fact, northern latitudes are more statistically prone to “positive” lightning which is understood to be much higher in surge current
However, the rate of occurrence of lightning in Florida is much, much greater than that of many northern regions
Per mode rating = combined rating of the suppression components used in that mode
For example, an ST-SMLA model has five components in parallel that are rated at 20 kA each; thus, the peak surge current per mode for an ST-SMLA is 5 x 20 kA or 100 kA
Per phase rating = the combination of the three modes connected to that phase – phase to neutral, phase to ground and phase to phase
For example, the peak surge current per phase of an ST-SMLA model is 100 kA per mode x 3 modes or 300 kA per phase
Some SPD manufacturers only consider the phase to neutral and phase to ground modes when calculating the “per phase” peak surge current
There is no standard that provides a method for determining this value
Often manufacturers that use this calculation method do not have direct phase to phase components
Base Model PSC per mode PSC per phase*
ST-SSLA/ST-CSLA 30 kA 90 kA
ST-SKLA/ST-CKLA 40 kA 120 kA
ST-SDLA/ST-CDLA 60 kA 180 kA
ST-LSEA/ST-CSEA 80 kA 240 kA
ST-SMLA/ST-CMLA 100 kA 300 kA
LA-ST60 20 Ka 60 Ka
LA-120 40 Ka 120 Ka
RM-ST60 20 kA 40 kA
RM-ST120 40 kA 80 kA
RM-ST180 60 kA 120 kA
ST-RSE 20 kA 20 kA
ST-RES/ST-RESS 40 kA 120 kA
Important to match the product to the application
Be sure you know what you are looking at
NEC 2005 – Only SPDs listed for use on a Delta system are allowed on Delta systems (L-G MCOV is the same or higher than the L-L MCOV)
Voltage
Code
Nominal System
Voltage (Vrms)
System Type and Conductor
Counts
1P1 120Single Phase, One Phase, Neutral And
Ground
1P2 240Single Phase, One Phase, Neutral And
Ground
1P3 380Single Phase, One Phase, Neutral And
Ground
1P4 480Single Phase, One Phase, Neutral And
Ground
1P6 600Single Phase, One Phase, Neutral And
Ground
1S1 120/240Split Phase, Two Phases, Neutral And
Ground
1S2 240/480Split Phase, Two Phases, Neutral And
Ground
3Y1 120/208Wye, Three Phases, Neutral and
Ground
3Y2 277/480Wye, Three Phases, Neutral and
Ground
3Y2 220/380Wye, Three Phases, Neutral and
Ground
3Y2 230/400Wye, Three Phases, Neutral and
Ground
3Y2 240/415Wye, Three Phases, Neutral and
Ground
3Y3 347/600Wye, Three Phases, Neutral and
Ground
3N1 120Delta (no neutral), Three
Phases and Ground
3N2 240Delta (no neutral), Three
Phases and Ground
3N3 380Delta (no neutral), Three
Phases and Ground
3N4 480Delta (no neutral), Three
Phases and Ground
3N6 600Delta (no neutral), Three
Phases and Ground
2N1 120Delta (no neutral), Two
Phases and Ground
2N2 240Delta (no neutral), Two
Phases and Ground
2N3 380Delta (no neutral), Two
Phases and Ground
2N4 480Delta (no neutral), Two
Phases and Ground
2N6 600Delta (no neutral), Two
Phases and Ground
Single phase systems◦ Important to note whether the system is truly two
phases and ground or phase, neutral and ground
◦ The SPDs are only fused on the phases (not the neutral)
◦ Determine the source of the single phase
Wye System – Modes availableWYE SYSTEM
Available Modes of ProtectionPhase A
Neutral
Phase B
Phase C
Ground
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
89
10
1 - Phase A to Neutral2 - Phase B to Neutral3 - Phase C to Neutral4 - Phase A to Ground5 - Phase B to Ground6 - Phase C to Ground7 - Neutral to Ground8 - Phase A to Phase B9 - Phase A to Phase C10 - Phase B to Phase C
The LA and Advantage models = Ten mode (or discrete all mode) design
Direct mode of protection for each available mode
Does not rely upon components intended for the protection of other modes
See the white paper: Modes of Protection within Electrical Systems for Application of Surge Suppression
Sine Wave Tracking
DOES NOTtrack the sine wave.
The phrase sine wave tracking is:◦ A very good description of the result of the
action of the sine wave tracking circuitry
◦ A marketing phrase or quasi-scientific jargon used to describe a specialized filter circuit
◦ Intended to mitigate the effects of switching or ringing surges
A low-pass filter designed with a particular spectrum of frequencies which it is intended to attenuate
The components of the SWT circuitry are especially selected so that they can survive the surge environment without failure due to the surge itself
Standard clamping models only react to an over voltage event
Sine wave tracking models react to an over voltage event and to a change in frequency
A change in frequency occurs when the voltage of the surge digresses from the normal voltage and frequency of the sine wave
Standard clamping versus SWT
SWT does not have a clamping level The figure is correct in that what is shown
is the general result of sine wave tracking Provides an easily understandable
comparison to non-SWT models However, it should be stated, when
appropriate, that this is not how SWT truly works
SWT reacts to a change in frequency created by the surge
SWT operates independent of the voltage.
Cautions: Harmonics◦ SWT is somewhat immune to overvoltage
◦ Not immune to “over-frequency”
◦ Harmonics created “over-frequency”
◦ SWT tries to attenuate (conducts) the higher frequencies
◦ Rule of Thumb: Less than 15% Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
Cautions: Drives◦ Drives create harmonics on the load and line side
◦ It is not recommended to use SWT on the load side
◦ SWT is recommended for the low-voltage controller
Cautions: Capacitor Banks◦ Resonant conditions can occur due to the
interaction of the SWT circuitry, the capacitance of the capacitor bank and the inductance/impedance of the system between the two
◦ Very difficult to predict when this will happen
◦ Use standard clamping models in this situation
Two types of fusing utilized◦ Component level, thermal fusing
◦ Phase level, fault current fusing
Takes the SPD offline in the event of a failure
Component Level Fusing◦ Separates the RM, LA. ST models from previous
product families
◦ Activated during (relatively) high impedance, low fault current conditions
◦ MOVs dissipate power during this event
◦ Thermal fusing reacts to the heat and opens
◦ Mitigates the effects of thermal runaway
Component Level Fusing◦ Exercised during the UL 1449 low-current induced
failure tests
◦ Failure is evaluated for safety (cheesecloth, tissue paper)
◦ Currents for this test are limited to 10, 5, 2.5 and 0.5 amps
Phase Level Fusing◦ Separates our unit from previous product families
by how it is accomplished
◦ Activated during low impedance, high fault current conditions
◦ Interrupts the flow of follow current
◦ Prevents the tremendous power dissipation that can occur when an MOV fails with little or no current limit
The SineTamer break-through◦ Allows for a much smaller package
◦ Fusing option can be incorporated into standard size enclosures
◦ Reduces internal lead length
◦ Reduces external lead length due to the small overall package size and ease of installation
The SineTamer break-through◦ Patent-pending construction
method that allows for reduction in lead length and impedance that improves performance
◦ Completely insulated on the load and line side
◦ Prevents line side failures due to arcing that occur when the MOVs out-gas
Defined (from IEEE Standard C62.41.1-2002) as “the maximum magnitude of voltage that is measured across the terminals of the surge-protective device (SPD) during the application of a series of impulses of specified wave shape and amplitude.”
Synonymous with “Let-Through Voltage”
MLVs provide a “snap-shot” of the performance of an SPD
Be careful to be sure that all things are equal when using MLVs to make comparisons amongst SPDs
MLVs are highly dependent on the test setup, equipment used and measurement method
Key ECS test specifications◦ All voltages reported are peak voltages◦ All voltages reported are from the peak of the
sine-wave to the peak of the surge (as opposed to measuring from the zero crossing point of the sine-wave)
◦ The voltages reported for a particular mode are the average of each of the three phases for that mode and the average of ten shots for each mode (except for N-G, of course)
◦ The oscilloscope time base used for measurement is 10 – 20 microseconds per division
Key ECS test specifications◦ The sampling rate of the oscilloscope is a
minimum of 250 Megasamples per second (250 million data points per second)
◦ The surge generator is calibrated to the IEEE standards
◦ The oscilloscope is calibrated and has traceable calibration records
◦ The surge generator peak voltages and currents are calibrated at the ends of the leads needed to connect the generator to the SPD
◦ All SPDs are tested with six inches of lead length extending from the outside wall/conduit of the enclosure to simulate actual installation
Represents switching surges that exist in the electrical system environment
Characteristic frequency around 100 kHz
SWT is intended to mitigate these surges
Very frequent in occurrence Less notable than lightning Not visible like lightning Not always immediately recognized as
being damaging or disruptive to electrical circuits
Occur as part of every-day normal, intended operations
Occur as part of abnormal, unintentional operations
Contactors, relays or breakers
Switching of capacitor banks
Stored energy systems
Discharge of inductive devices
Starting and stopping of loads
Fault or arc initiation
Pulsed power loads
Arcing faults and arcing ground faults
Fault clearing
Power system recovery
Loose connections
Lightning induced oscillatory surges
Indicates that highest voltage for which the SPD can properly operate for a particular mode
Particularly important when determining the voltage code of the SPD
indicates the level of “head-room” provided between the nominal system voltage and the actual maximum allowable voltage for the SPD
Our products generally have MCOVs that are 15-25% higher than the nominal system voltage
Allows for normal and some abnormal overvoltages to occur with causing failure of the SPD
MCOVs that are too low can create scenarios where SPDs fail due to what the utility considers normal fluctuations
MCOV has direct impact on the MLVs
Generally, the higher the MCOV, the higher the MLV will be
With careful design considerations, the MCOV can be raised to an acceptable level without having significant impact on the performance of the SPD
LEDs only◦ One green LED per phase
◦ Normally on
◦ Sense the status of the protection circuit
◦ Sense the presence of power from the electrical system
C – Dry Relay Contacts◦ Normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC)
contacts◦ Do not share a common terminal◦ Can both be used or can be used independent of
one another◦ Change state when either the internal or external
over-current device opens or when power is lost to the SPD
◦ Can be used in combination with existing monitoring systems
◦ No voltage supplied to the contacts by the SPD; thus, the terminology “dry” or “volt-free”
AC – Audible Alarm◦ Contains a 110 dB, pulsed siren◦ A blinking red “trouble” LED◦ One green LED per phase◦ Powered by a long-life lithium based 9V battery with a ten-
year shelf life◦ Siren to operate continuously for a minimum of 72 hours◦ Red, “trouble” LED to operate continuously for a minimum
of 144 hours◦ Senses the status of the normally open dry relay contact
(with power applied)◦ Equipped with a mute switch and test button◦ Siren has a duty cycle on the sound output
LP – Remote LED Option◦ External LEDs housed in individual, round NEMA
4X holders
◦ Mounted remotely from the SPD and the LEDs are located so that they can be viewed externally
◦ “Daylight bright” and can be viewed in bright sunshine
◦ Provided with six feet of wire for each LED
◦ Drill template for properly locating the LEDs
◦ Overlay that can be applied to the surface to which the LEDs are mounted
R1 – Remote LED/DRC board – no enclosure◦ Used when the suppressor is mounted internal to
a panel or gear◦ The board is mounted on the backside of an
external wall of the panel/gear enclosure◦ LEDs are allowed to shine through the enclosure
to the overlay◦ Provided with six feet of wire external to the
suppressor for connecting the LED/DRC board◦ Used in combination with the LEDs only or DRC
option
S – Surge Counter◦ Features an 8-digit LCD display (counts to
99,999,999 and then starts over)◦ 10 year battery◦ Manual reset switch◦ Reset-disable jumper◦ Provisions for NEMA 4 and NEMA 4X locations◦ Sensitivity of the surge counter is such that it will
count surges that are at the A1 ring-wave level◦ Sensing circuit is current-based rather than
voltage-based◦ Only counts surges that the unit has acted upon
by detecting surge current flowing into the SPD
Surge Counter Notes:◦ The paper includes some cautions when selling
surge counters (does not count enough, counts too much, etc.)
◦ See Success with Surge Counters! [Hotchkiss] and Surge Counter Case Study Update [Fussell]
Application:◦ Individual Equipment◦ Individual Circuits
Peak Surge Current:◦ 60 kA Total
Units for both Frequency Attenuating and Non.
Available in DC and AC up to 480.
Terminal Strip for 15, 30 and 60 Amps.
Wired and Parallel versions Variety of Options –Din, RJ,
Video, Coax
ST-SPTxxx-y **ExamplesST-SPT120-15, ST-SPT480-15, ST-SPT48DC-30, ST-FSPT120-15
Different type of data circuits
Where they are found
Applicable TVSS units
Why they are selected
How to properly select a unit
◦ Where data is passed between buildings on a facility (e.g., production management)
◦ Where data is sent from an operating piece of equipment to an operations control center (e.g., cement plants & water treatment plants)
◦ Where data is sent between operating machines within a building (e.g. synchronization)
Common data circuits
4-20 mA
Ethernet
Frame relay
RS-232
Telephone
Signal voltage level
◦ Number of wires used
◦ Data rate
◦ Connector type
◦ Circuit resistance
2 to 4 wires
Signal voltage < 12 Vdc
Data rate 2 Mbps or less
Which unit to use on a 12 volt circuit?
< 160 V
< 160 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
140 V
140 V
70 V
S-D140-x
< 80 V
< 80 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
54 V
54 V
70 V
S-D48-x
S-D53-x
< 40 V
< 40 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
36 V
36 V
70 V
S-D24-x
S-D33-x
< 30
< 30
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
15 V
15 V
70 V
S-D12-x
S-D15-x
< 20 V
< 20 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
7.5 V
7.5 V
70 V
S-D5-x
B3/C1 Impulse Wave
6 kV, 3 kATest Mode
Maximum Continuous
Operating Current
Maximum Continuous
Operating Voltages
Model
x = 2, 4, or 6
Terminals.
Let-Through Voltages Using ANSI/IEEE C62.45 & C62-41.1 / C62-41.2 Test Environment:
Static, positive polarity. All voltages are peak (10%).
< 160 V
< 160 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
140 V
140 V
70 V
S-D140-x
< 80 V
< 80 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
54 V
54 V
70 V
S-D48-x
S-D53-x
< 40 V
< 40 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
36 V
36 V
70 V
S-D24-x
S-D33-x
< 30
< 30
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
15 V
15 V
70 V
S-D12-x
S-D15-x
< 20 V
< 20 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
7.5 V
7.5 V
70 V
S-D5-x
B3/C1 Impulse Wave
6 kV, 3 kATest Mode
Maximum Continuous
Operating Current
Maximum Continuous
Operating Voltages
Model
x = 2, 4, or 6
Terminals.
Let-Through Voltages Using ANSI/IEEE C62.45 & C62-41.1 / C62-41.2 Test Environment:
Static, positive polarity. All voltages are peak (10%).
Found on long data line runs (> 75 feet) Problem: Normal DC signal voltage plus
induced AC voltage may exceed the clamping threshold of the TVSS unit
Example: MCOV is 15 Vdc, Signal voltage is 12 Vdc, Induced AC is 4 Vac.
Total signal voltage is 16 volts
Solution:
– Provide headroom when sizing TVSS
– Use 36 volt MCOV TVSS with 12 Vdc signals on long interior runs or all exterior runs
Rated Voltage MCOV
5 7.5
12 & 15 15
24 & 33 36
48 & 53 54
140 140
Now, which unit to use on a 12 volt circuit?
< 160 V
< 160 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
140 V
140 V
70 V
S-D140-x
< 80 V
< 80 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
54 V
54 V
70 V
S-D48-x
S-D53-x
< 40 V
< 40 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
36 V
36 V
70 V
S-D24-x
S-D33-x
< 30
< 30
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
15 V
15 V
70 V
S-D12-x
S-D15-x
< 20 V
< 20 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
7.5 V
7.5 V
70 V
S-D5-x
B3/C1 Impulse Wave
6 kV, 3 kATest Mode
Maximum Continuous
Operating Current
Maximum Continuous
Operating Voltages
Model
x = 2, 4, or 6
Terminals.
Let-Through Voltages Using ANSI/IEEE C62.45 & C62-41.1 / C62-41.2 Test Environment:
Static, positive polarity. All voltages are peak (10%).
< 160 V
< 160 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
140 V
140 V
70 V
S-D140-x
< 80 V
< 80 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
54 V
54 V
70 V
S-D48-x
S-D53-x
< 40 V
< 40 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
36 V
36 V
70 V
S-D24-x
S-D33-x
< 30
< 30
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
15 V
15 V
70 V
S-D12-x
S-D15-x
< 20 V
< 20 V
< 280 V
L-G
L-L
Shield-G
500 mA
7.5 V
7.5 V
70 V
S-D5-x
B3/C1 Impulse Wave
6 kV, 3 kATest Mode
Maximum Continuous
Operating Current
Maximum Continuous
Operating Voltages
Model
x = 2, 4, or 6
Terminals.
Let-Through Voltages Using ANSI/IEEE C62.45 & C62-41.1 / C62-41.2 Test Environment:
Static, positive polarity. All voltages are peak (10%).
5 - 7 Volts DC is common Normally use TVSS rated at 36
VDC MCOV. Why? But -- always ask about the
signal voltage! If TVSS unit clamps the signal
voltage, no useable data flows through the circuit!
2 Mbps
10 Mbps
100 Mbps
Data rate has little impact on price.However, due to technology
constraints in order to achieve high data rates, the 100 Mbps unit is
less robust that the lower data rate units.
Wire clamping box terminals
RJ receptacles
Punch Down Block
Wire clamping box terminals,
2 - 6 wires
RJ receptacles (female)
2 - 4 pins or all 8 pins protected
Punch Down Block (22 – 26 AWG)
Box terminals are simple for you.
RJ receptacles require you to know which pin is protected, unless you choose a model with all eight pins protected.
You can order RJ TVSS units with the following pin configurations:
• Standard Pins (1, 2, 3, & 6)
• Specify any four pins
• All eight pins protected
All eight pins protected is safe, but costs 50% more
Solution:1.Use TVSS with wire clamping
box terminals, or2.Have client determine pins used
& provide data to you
Protect yourself – in the proposal to your client , call out the pins
you are protecting
Protect yourself - tell your client about circuit resistance to determine if it will be a
problem
The number of SPDs you can install on a circuit or network is dependent upon the resistance of the SPD
Too much resistance can prevent data transfer
Usually not a problem with a single SPD unless the run is long
2 and 10 MBPS SPDs have 5-Ohms resistance per wire
100 MBPS have Zero Ohms resistance
Signal amplifiers, increased wire size, or using fewer SPDs can solve most problems
Recommended TVSSAfter determining data rate, signal voltage, and
number of wires, choose:
◦ Any data TVSS with wire clamping box terminals
◦ Any data TVSS with RJ Connections◦ Punchdown Block - PDB6-D or PDB25-D (data
rate up to 2 Mbps)
RJ Connection
1.6787"
6.603" 1.031"
2.339"
6.758"7.257"
ST-SDLA1S1-FX
ST-SPT24-AC-15 ST-D15-12 (obs) ST-COAX-BNC-HP
ST-RJ45-33-100M
It is important to note that these suggestions are exactly that – they are suggestions only. TVSS applications are an art form at best and not an exact science. The amperage load ratings are minimal acceptable. The suppressors are parallel devices so the amperage load is not critical for the unit operation –merely our ability to match the potential peak surge current capabilities of the cable with that of the Sinetamer.
You can always use a higher amperage suggested device. Please do not use a lower one. Eg. Using an LA-ST60 unit on a 1000 amp panel is not recommended. However you can and may wish to install an LA-ST240 unit on a 400 amp panel in order to provide a higher degree of protection from high energy transients.
Begin with the most critical and sensitive equipment. Isolate that equipment from the electrical environment by selecting the most appropriate unit.In any situation where the equipment is unusual voltage or the connection type might be different than normal – make a drawing and scan and send to me. Ask … we may already have designed a unit. We have thousands and thousands of units.Never tell a customer we can not protect it. Tell them that you will get back to them with an answer.
The Ten-to-One Rule of Thumb:◦ Ten-to-one ratio between the service size and the
peak surge current per mode of the SPD – as a starting point
◦ One must consider the expected exposure of the installation location (even if the panel is internal to the facility – the loads may not be)
The SCCR Rule: The SCCR of the panel
multiplied by 1.5 + Lightning factor = PSC
Base Model PSC per mode PSC per phase*
ST-SSLA/ST-CSLA 30 kA 90 kA
ST-SKLA/ST-CKLA 40 kA 120 kA
ST-SDLA/ST-CDLA 60 kA 180 kA
ST-LSEA/ST-CSEA 80 kA 240 kA
ST-SMLA/ST-CMLA 100 kA 300 kA
LA-ST60 20 Ka 60 Ka
LA-ST120 40 Ka 120 Ka
LA-ST180 60 Ka 180 Ka
RM-ST40 20 kA 40 kA
RM-ST60 20 kA 40 kA
RM-ST120 40 kA 80 kA
RM-ST180 60 kA 120 kA
ST-RSE 20 kA 20 kA
Step 3A
Step 3B
No
Find Meter Gather Info
Move inside Locate main switch gearConfirm volts & amps
No YesOne
Switch
Locate distributionpanels, sub-panels,breaker panels, fuseddisconnects orequipment
Confirmconfiguration,volts, & amps ofall panels &transformers
Is panel suppressionsufficient?
Determine if equipmentneeds point-of-use
protection
DedicatedCircuit
Determine type ofequipment serviced
by panel
MultipleSwitches
Yes
No
Yes
Apply protection
Apply protection
Apply protection
Apply protection
Apply protection
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SPDSPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
To dish
Air Conditioner
120/2401 Phase200 A
Telephone Lines
Telephone KSU
Modem
SecuritySystem
VCR
Satellite Controller
Big Screen TV
Home Entertainment
Center
GroundWire
60 Amp
To dish
Air Conditioner
120/2401 Phase200 A
Telephone Lines
Telephone KSU
Modem
SecuritySystem
VCR
Satellite Controller
Big Screen TV
Home Entertainment
Center
GroundWire
60 Amp
SPD
SPD
SPD
120/2082 Phase
200 A
copier CoffeePot
ProcessPC
Printer
Input
120 V13 A
CommonGround
SecuritySystem
TelephoneKSU
CommonGround
120 V20 A
Input Input
Input
PC
1000Foot Run
MiniComputer
Data Buss toProcess PC’s
ModemWarehouse
Inventory Control
Modem
PLCPLC
120/2082 Phase
200 A
copier CoffeePot
ProcessPC
Printer
Input
120 V13 A
CommonGround
SecuritySystem
TelephoneKSU
CommonGround
120 V20 A
Input Input
Input
PC
1000Foot Run
Data Buss to
Process PC’s
ModemWarehouse
Inventory Control
Modem
PLCPLC
SPDSPD
SPDSPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
MiniComputer
MiniComputer
Modem
TelephoneKSU
Input
SecuritySystem
CheckoutRegister
RS 232 RegisterConnections
Lighting
Step DownTransformer
HVACSystem
PayrollSystems
Amenities
480 V3 Phase
3000 A
CheckoutRegister
120/208 V3 Phase
1000 A
120/208 V
120/208 V
Input
LV
MiniComputer
Modem
TelephoneKSU
Input
SecuritySystem
CheckoutRegister
RS 232 RegisterConnections
Lighting
Step DownTransformer
HVACSystem
PayrollSystems
Amenities
480 V3 Phase
3000 A
CheckoutRegister
120/208 V3 Phase
1000 A
120/208 V
120/208 V
Input
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
480 V3
Phase3000
A
Amenities
Apartments &Condominiums
ProfessionalOffices
Restaurants &
Snack Bars
Dry Cleaners& Laundry
Panel 1
120/208 V
3 Phase1000
A
Panel 2
Panel 3
Panel 4
Distributio
nPanelStep Down
Transformer
Amenities
Apartments &Condominiums
ProfessionalOffices
Restaurants &Snack Bars
Dry Cleaners& Laundry
Panel 1
120/208 V3 Phase1000 A
480 V3 Phase3000 A
Panel 2
Panel 3
Panel 4
DistributionPanel
Step DownTransformer
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
Step DownTransformer
Input
ProcessPC
Printer
VFD
VFD
VFD
ArcWelder
SpecialBuilding
Controller
CNCControl
CPU
CNCMachine
Tool
IntegratedProcess Machine
Tool & CPU
Step DownTransformer
240 Delta
480 V3 Phase800 A
JunctionBox
120 V 20 A1 Phase
480 V3 Phase800 A
120/240 V3 Phase200 A
240 Delta
120 V 15 A
480 V3 Phase1200 A
Amenities
Step DownTransformer
Step DownTransformer
Step DownTransformer
Input
ProcessPC
Printer
VFD
VFD
VFD
ArcWelder
SpecialBuilding
Controller
CNCControl
CPU
CNCMachine
Tool
IntegratedProcess Machine
Tool & CPU
Step DownTransformer
240 Delta
480 V3 Phase800 A
JunctionBox
480 V3 Phase800 A
120/240 V3 Phase200 A
240 Delta
120 V 15 A
480 V3 Phase1200 A
Amenities
Step DownTransformer
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
Step DownTransformer
SPD
SPD
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SPDSPDSPD
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Note: Multiple SPD/TVSS applications(s) on very long section of mains switchgear
SPD SPDSPDSPD
DIST PANEL
HVAC
LIGHTING
Panel A 3 ph 277/480 2200 Amp MCB
Panel B 3 ph 277/480 1600 Amp MCB
Panel C 3 ph 277/480 1400 Amp MCB
Panel A – Main Panel 2200 Amps, 277/480 volts◦ Recommend ST-LSEA3Y2. Why? Main service, 10:1
rule = 220ka per phase minimum. Non sensitive/critical equipment.
Panel B and C – Distribution Panel 1600 and 1400 Amps, 277/480 volts
– Recommend ST-SDLA3Y2 or LA-ST1803Y2C. Why? 10:1 rule = 160 and 140ka per phase minimum.
DIST PANEL
HVAC
LIGHTING
Panel A 3 ph 277/480 3000 Amp MCB
Panel B 3 ph 277/480 1600 Amp MCB
Panel C 3 ph 277/480 1400 Amp MCB
Panel D, E, F 3 ph 120/208 225 Amp MCB
Panels D, E and F – sub distribution panel, feeding sensitive equipment 225 Amps, 120/208 volts
◦ Recommend LA-ST603Y1C? Why? Main Breaker rating of 225 amp, 10:1 rule does not typically apply on panels of this nature –under 600 amps. Frequency responsive units are most effective at preventing process disruption and protecting microprocessor based equipment.
DIST PANEL
HVAC
LIGHTING
Panel A 3 ph 277/480 3000 Amp MCB
Panel B 3 ph 277/480 1600 Amp MCB
Panel C 3 ph 277/480 1400 Amp MCB
Panel D, E, F 3 ph 120/208 225 Amp MCB
Company Confidential
5 Telephone Lines and
2 – 24vdc 4/20 mA Circuits
Secondary Panel1200 amps
120/208 wyeService Entrance
2000 Amps
277/480 Wye
Critical Loads
240 volt PLC
Company Confidential
ST-PDB5 & ST-CLMF24-4
Secondary Panel1200 amps
LA-ST120-3Y1CService Entrance
2400 Amps
ST-LSEA3Y2
Critical Loads
Series Filters
ST-SPT240-15
Company Confidential
Service Entrance
800 amps 120/208 Secondary Panel
120/208 400 amps
Critical Point of Purchase
(Cash Register) 120 volts
Company Confidential
Service Entrance
LA-ST120-3Y1CSecondary Panel
LA-ST60-3Y1C
ST-SPT120-15
RM-ST403N4
ST-SPT240-15
ServoMotors – 10-25HP Drives
30 HP Motors
ST-RSE3N4
RM-ST120-3N4
ST-SPT240-15
RM-ST403N4
ST-SPT24DC-15
RM-ST60-3N4
ST-SPT24DC-15
ST-SPT24DC-15
ST-SPT240-15
ST-SPT120-15
Company Confidential
Datacom for external signal line
Utility Service
12.47kV
480V
ST-Advantage
MainDistributionPanel
AFD
ST-SPT
Motor
PLC
Motor
Motor
MCC
Production FloorWelder
Small h.p.Motors
Office Panel
WorkStation
PCCopier
Printers
Lamp FaxServerNote: all incoming data, telephone, 4-20 mA,and signal lines require protection
LA-ST
LA-ST
120V
RM
PBX(telephone switch)
DataSuppressor@Building Entrance
ST-SPTelectronicload
TVSS
PLC’s (AC and or DC) – ST-SPT120(240)-15 or appropriate DC voltage. Or you can use the parallel unit – ST-SP120(240)-PFire/Security Alarm Systems – ST-SPT unit for AC voltage. Typically they will have a telephone line that needs protection. So you can combine the AC and Telecom. ST-SPT120-15-RJ. If there are signal wires that leave that building to an outside location – consider protecting that also. Typically the appropriate ST-CLMF or ST-CLDIN units – finding out the correct voltage and number of wires.Access Control Systems – magnetic key cards or
similar type, follow same procedures as above.
General Recommendations Traffic Lights: combination unit –
ST-SPT120-15-RJ Slot Machines / Tragamonedas: 3 phase
panel – LA-ST60-3Y1C
Bank ATM: ST-SPT120-15-RJ. If the data is not telephone but data circuit, then need data information – wires and voltage and use ST-SPT-120-RJ45.
Video Surveillance Systems: Protect the AC and the cameras. Combonation units are available. 120 AC, 24DC, Coax… Acquire all information.
UPS systems – Single phase – typically 1kva up to
3kva. ST-SPT120(240)-P 120 or 240 volt installed in
parallel. Single phase - 4kva – 10kva – ST-SPT240-30
installed series or parallel.
UPS systems – Three phase – up to 150 kva – LA-ST60-
3Y1C or 3Y2C. 200 kva and larger – LA-ST120-3Y2C.
CNC Machine tools – RM-ST60-3N2 (3N4) (or RM-
ST120) installed at main breaker. ST-SPT120(240)-15 at
the controller.
Variable Frequency Drives in areas of low lightning
VFD – up to 75 hp – ST-RSE3N4 or RM-ST603N4
VFD – up to 150 hp – RM-ST60-3N4
VFD – up to 250 hp – RM-ST120-3N4
VFD – up to 400 hp – RM-ST180-3N4
* with ST-SPT120 when PLC is used.
General Recommendations
General Recommendations
For VFD’s in High Lightning or Oil Field applications:
Level 1 - ST-SMLA3N4
Level 2 – RM-ST180-3N4 (if no added capacitors in VFD)
Level 3 – ST-SPT120(240) -15 at RTU/PLC/ICM
For VFD’s in Low/Mid Lightning
Level 1 – ST-LSEA3N4
Level 2 - RM-ST120-3N4 (if no added capacitors in VFD)
Level 3 - ST-SPT120(240) -15 at RTU/PLC/ICM
Motor
1P 240 VAC 1½ HP
10 A
Inside application
Very tight quarters
ST-FSPT-240-15ST-FSP-240-P
Variable frequency drive
50 HP, 460NN
65 A
Indoor application
• ST-RSE3N4• RM-ST40-3N4
Gas Pump
120 VAC
20 A
RJ45 Ethernet Communication
• ST-SPT120-30-RJ45• ST-ICPS120-20 + ST-RJ45-24-Cat5E
Pump Motor in Rock Mine
4160 VAC Delta
200 A
• ST-LSEA-MV3N4160
Pick and Place Machine for PCB Assembly
120/208 Wye
40 A
• RM-ST403Y1• LA-ST603Y1C
OEM Application for Drink Machines
120 V 1P
15 A
• ST-SPT120-15• ST-FSPT120-15• ST-L120-P-1L
Automated Checkout and Laser Scanner at large department store.
120 V, 1P
15 A
RJ45 Ethernet communication
• ST-SPT120-15-RJ45
Water Pump for a large nursery
15 HP
120/208 V Wye
46 A
Outdoor Application
• RM-ST603Y1
Control Servos (multiple)
DIN rail mount (need small footprint)
48 VDC
1 A
• ST-ICPS-48DC-3-DIN• ST-ICPF-48DC-3-DIN
New construction in factory
Multiple Variable Frequency Drives (24 units –4 circuits )
480 VAC 3PH DELTA
75 A
• Level 1 – RM-ST120-3N4• Level 2 - ST-RSE3N4 at the breakerlocation of each set of 6 VFD’s
MRI Machine in Hospital
120/208 V Wye
200 A
Need very tight clamping
• ST-CKLA3Y1 (Best)• LA-ST60-3Y1C (Better)• RM-ST40-3Y1 (Good)
Cell Shelter
1Ph 120/240
150 amps
• Level 1 – RM-ST180-1S1• Level 2 - RM-ST60-1S1
Ball Park Lighting
480 V Delta
40 A
Multiple circuits plus parking lot lighting
• Circuit Board - RM-ST403N4• Parking Lot Lights - ST-FSP2-2N4-P
Coal Conveyer Belt Drive for power plant
50 HP
480 V Delta
65 A
Outside, corrosive environment
• RM-ST120-3N4W
Remember… this is not an exact
science, it is an art-form, and the only
wrong answer is the wrong voltage.