training program 15 january 2008

LAURUS Systems | Ph (410) 465-5558 | Fax (410) 465-5257 | Email [email protected]

Training Program15 January 2008


Contents

•The chem-ID Mission •Introduction•Instrument Operation•Identification Database/s•Remote Operation•User menu•Cleaning •Decontamination•How to read the Graph•Support


The Mission


What is a chem-ID?

The chem-ID is a field gas analyzer•Basically a sniffer•Analyzes gases, liquids with a vapor component, and

solids with a vapor component•Core Technology: Two-dimensional gas chromatography

with thermal conductivity detectors•Gas chromatography (GC) is the gold standard of

chemical laboratories•Before now it has been limited to the laboratory or to field

systems that require serious training and expertise•The chem-ID is designed to be easy to use with almost no

training required


When would you use a chem-ID?

To analyze unknowns:• Tanker spill•Complaints of odors or people getting sick•Analyze unknown contents of containers, rooms, or

vehicles


The chem-ID replaces many tests that require:

$100,000 of equipment & 12 feet of bench space A trained analytical chemist


What the chem-ID does well:

• Excellent at analyzing individual chemicals in complex clouds

• Can analyze chemicals in extremely small amounts (parts-per-billion)

• Can analyze and differentiate a large number of different chemicals

• Intuitive and easy to use •Doesn’t require a trained chemist to operate •Don’t have to have a specially-trained team to operate and maintain

• Allows testing in the field that traditionally required sending samples to the lab

• Removes variations caused by high and low temperatures, humidity, wind, altitude


Technology Restrictions

•Target chemical has to have a vapor component – does not do solids

•Explosives (nitrate-based) typically have very little vapor signature

•Very light gases not separated from air•Chlorine, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine•Acids


Gas Chromatography vs. other technologies


Introduction


chem-ID Features

Features:•16 lbs•16” x 8” x 9”•Performs an analysis by pushing one

button•All analysis results are saved in non-

volatile memory (won’t erase even if the battery dies)

•Can be operated completely by remote control

•Chemical analysis can be quickly emailed anywhere

•Expanding database can be easily upgraded

•Can be decontaminated


chem-ID Controls

ON Light

Menu Buttons

RearOpen/Close

Knob

ON/OFFButton

Select Button

ON Light

Menu Buttons

RearOpen/Close

Knob

ON/OFFButton

Select Button

Helium Tank GaugeHelium Tank Gauge


Sniffer Port

SnifferNozzle

Liquid Analyzer Kit


The chem-ID Screen

ButtonLabels

Mode Time

BatteryCharge

ButtonLabels

Mode Time

BatteryCharge


Remote Control Software: chem-ID Manager


What does a chem-ID need to operate?

Battery(7+ hours)

HeliumTank

(2+ days)

ReferenceChemical

(2+ weeks)


Safety Issues

•The chem-ID is not Intrinsically safe•Mil Spec 28.8V lithium Battery

– Do not Store above 140ºF (60ºC), crush, mutilate, reverse polarity, disassemble, or dispose of in fire.

•2200 psi Helium tank– DoT approved for transport– Tank will change colors if exposed to high temperatures

and weakened– Warning label on tank

•Reference chemical (aka dopant) is 1,4 dichlorobenzene– Common– Present in very small amount– Wash hands after replacing


Consumables Location

Battery

Reference Chemical

Helium Tank


Consumables: Battery•Battery

– 7 hour battery life w/ continual testing, longer if idle or processing data

– Rapid battery replacement is provided through the rear door

– Rechargeable Li Ion– 14.4 VDC, 8.0 Ahrs– Manual shows installation in step-by-step pictures


Consumables: Helium

•Ultrapure He Carrier Gas– Lasts for months in storage– When unit is operational 1 tank

can last up to 24 hours of continuous operation

– Rapid replacement is provided through the rear door

– Can be ordered/ refilled through Laurus Systems

– Manual shows installation in step-by-step pictures


Consumables: Reference Chemical

•Reference Chemical (dopant)– Small dose in every sample – Used by the chem-ID to automatically calibrate variations

of temperature and pressure– Easy replacement in the field– Manual shows installation in step-by-step pictures


Carrying Case and Contents

Battery

Helium TankStorage

CD:Software &Manual

LiquidAnalyzer Kit

PC BluetoothRadio Kit

Recharger

CarryingStraps

Referencechemical

SparePre-

concentrator


Instrument Operation


Selecting Test Concentration

•Determine the concentration level needed for the test:– Standard (default) or parts-per-billion (ppb)

•Standard test level is sufficient in almost all situations•If you do a ppb test in a high concentration environment,

the unit may need multiple manual clean cycles to finally clean out

•Perform tests at standard concentration unless…- You are analyzing a chemical at ppb levels- A chemical presence is strongly suspected without any overt evidence (i.e. no liquids, no odors)


Checklist

Test Checklist1. Turn on Unit2. Open front and back

vents3. Open Helium valve4. Check Helium gauge for

at least 300 psi5. Press Analyze button


1. Turn On Unit

On/Off Rocker Switch


2. Open Vents

Front BackTwist Knobs to Point at Open


3. Open Helium Valve

Open Panel

Twist Helium Knob all the way open

(in the direction of the arrow on the knob)


4. Check Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge

Need 300 PSI or more


5. Press Analyze Button

Button Labels

Press Middle Button to Start Analysis


The chem-ID will tell you…

•If the battery is too low to begin an analysis•If the helium is too low to begin an analysis•If you forget to open the front or back vents•If you need to add more reference chemical


What the unit is doing during Analyze

Automatically goes through the following phases:•Warm-up•Draws an air sample•Prepares the sample•Performs the analysis

– Displays raw data in real-time– After analysis is complete, replaces raw

data with processed data and shows identifications

•Purges and cleans•Cool down to prepare for next testOverall Status

Status of this Phase


Gas Chromatographs

During Analyze, this graph will be slowly drawing

Raw Data is not very useful, but shows the unit is busy

After the raw graph is done, it will be processed and replaced with this graph

This is the real chromatograph


Identifications


Identification Database


Database

•Early focus is on TICs•Expanding database:

– More TICs– CWAs– Hydrocarbons– Common interferents– Meth Lab variant


Currently in Chem-ID™ ID Library

1-4 Thioxane Dichloroethane2-Butanone Ethanol2-EthylToluene Ethyl Benzene3-EthylToluene FormaldehydeAcetone FuranAcetone Cyanohydrin n-HexaneAcrylonitrile Isobutyl chloroformateAllyl Alcohol Isopropyl isocyanateAllyl Chloroformate MethanolAllyl Isothiocyanate Methyl CaproateAllylamine n-Butyl ChloroformateBenzene n-Butyl IsocyanateBoron Trichloride n-EicosaneChloroacetone n-Propyl ChloroformateChloroacetonitrile p-XyleneChloroform StyreneCrotonaldehyde TetradecaneCumene TolueneDiacetyl Trimethylbenzene


Future Library ExpansionsToxic Industrial Chemicals 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Chloropicrin Hydrogen sulfide Phosphorus pentafluoride 1,4 Thioxane Crotonaldehyde Iron pentacarbonyl Phosphorus trichloride 2-Butanone Cumene Isobutyl chloroformate Phosphoryl trichloride Acetone Diborane Isopropyl chloroformate Polyethylene Acetone cyanohydrin Dicamba Isopropyl isocyanate Polyethyleneimine Acrolein Diketene Lindane Potassium cyanide Acrylonitrile Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) Malathion Propylene oxide Allyl alcohol Dimethyl sulfate Methane sulfonyl chloride Selenium hexafluoride Allyl chlorocarbonate Dimethylamine Methanol Silicon tetrachloride Allyl chloroformate Diuron (3,4 dichlorophenyl) Metholchor Sodium cyanide Allyl isothiolcyanate Ethanol Methyl caproate Sodium hypochlorite (chlorine) Allylamine Ethyl benzene Methyl chloroformate Stibine Ammonia Ethyl phosphonothioic dichloride Methyl hydrazine Styrene Ammonium (dihydrogen) phosphate Ethylene dichloride Methyl isocyanate Sulfonyl chloride Ammonium nitrate Ethylene glycol Methyl salicylate Sulfur dioxide Ammonium sulfate Ethylene oxide MTBE Sulfur trioxide Arsenic trichloride Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) n-Butyl chloroformate Sulfuryl fluoride Benzene Ethyleneimine n-Butyl isocyanate Tert-butyl isocyanate Boron tribromide Ethylphosphoric dichloride Nickel carbonyl Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Boron trichloride Fluorine Nitrogen dioxide Titanium tetrachloride Boron trifluoride Formaldehyde n-Octyl mercaptan Toluene Bromomethane Furan n-Propyl chloroformate Toluene 2,4 - diisocyanate Carbon disulfide Glutaraldehyde Osminum tetraoxide Trichloroacetyl chloride Carbon tetrachloride Glyphosate (phosphonomethyl glycin - pestnal) Perchloromethyl mercaptan Triethyl phosphate (TEP) Chloroacetaldehyde Hydrazine Phenol Triethylamine Chloroacetone Hydrogen fluoride Phosgene Xylene Chloroacetonitrile Hydrogen peroxide Phosphine Chloroacetyl chloride Hydrogen selenide Phosphorus oxychloride


Future Library/Category ExpansionsChemical Warfare AgentsHydrogen Cyanide (AC)Soman (GD)Lewisite (L)Cyanogen Chloride (CK)Mustard Gas (HD)Tabun (GA)Sarin (GB)Nit. Mustard (HN1,2,3)

InterferentsAntifreezeCloroxKeroseneBurning cardboardDieselWhite vinegarBurning cottonGasoline

Windex

Meth Manufacturing Chemicalsa-benzyl-N-methylphenethylamineDibenzyl ketoneNitroethaneAcetic acidDiethylmalonatePhenyl-2-propanoneAluminum oxideDimethylformamidePhenyl acetic acidAmphetamineEphedrine phosphorousBenzyl chlorideEthyl acetateSodium carbonateBenzyl cyanideMercurySodium hydroxideBenzyl methyl ketone benzylimineMethylamineTri-(-phenylisopropyl) amineDi-(1-phenylisopropyl) amineN,N-dimethylamphetamine


Identification Confidence•When identification of an unknown chemical shows

several possibilities, the confidence bar shows which identification is closest to the database

Unknown chemical could be Xylene or Ethyl Benzene

ConfidenceBar


Remote Operation


What can be done with the chem-ID Manager?

•Control the chem-ID remotely up to 100m away•Download test results to the PC•Study and compare test results on a PC (bigger screen,

easier controls, more comfortable environment)•Convert chromatographs into CSV format (read by

Microsoft Excel) •Update clock on chem-ID easily•Update firmware on chem-ID easily•Update identification database easily


You will need

•A PC with Windows XP or Vista

•In the chem-ID kit– chem-ID Manager Software– USB Bluetooth radio and installation CD

•Installation– Bluetooth radio

- Install as per the enclosed instructions– chem-ID Manager

- Put CD in drive and open PC Manager directory


Turn on Bluetooth radio in the chem-ID

Under the Menu button:•Menu

– Settings- Communication Port: Bluetooth

Bluetooth Logo means the radio is on


First get Windows Bluetooth talking to chem-ID Bluetooth

1. In Windows, select Bluetooth icon and tell it to search for Bluetooth devices nearby (or search Bluetooth neighborhood).

2. Select chem-ID and tell it to connect


Windows Bluetooth talking to chem-ID Bluetooth cont.

It will ask for a passkey.Passkey is always 00000000 (8 zeros)

When the connection is established, Windows will tell you the port (com4 for example)


Connect to chem-ID Manager

Connect Menu


Connected

Connected


PC Manager Software

Remote ControlPanel

Chemical Analysis Fileson the chem-ID

Chemical Analysis Files

on the PC


User Menu


Looking at Previous chemical analysesUnder the Menu button, Select Saved datasets to view old data

Select the dataset you would like to view – labeled by Test number, Date and Time

You can view the Graph of the data, look at the Analysis which lists the Chemicals ID’d, protect the dataset so it can not be deleted, or delete the dataset from the unit


Changing Menu Options

Settings, Under Menu button• Test Concentration Selection

– Standard– Parts-per-billion

•Change Display preferences– Peaks Graph Scale

- Relative- Absolute- Concentration

– Show Reference peaks– Backlight Timeout– Display Brightness

• Set the Time on the Unit• Activate Bluetooth


Cleaning


Cleaning

Sooner or later, the chem-ID is going to get a huge snort of a chemical•The chem-ID does clean out automatically

– The higher concentration it detects, the longer it spend cleaning

But

•Sometime that just isn’t enough.– Only solution is to run through several clean cycles.

How will you know?– After using it in the field, do an analysis in a clean area

and see if the chemicals detected in the field are gone.


Manual Cleaning Menu

•Standard Clean Cycle – select this one for typical manual cleaning•Deep Clean Cycle – can be performed if you have major sample

cross-contamination, unit has been in long term storage, or to recondition columns and thoroughly purge the unit

Press Clean Button


Storage and cleaning

•The chem-ID can get contamination from chemicals just drifting around the room (remember this is a ppb detector)

•If possible, you may want to check out the storage environment so it can be compared to field measurements

•Could even run a clean cycle before taking it to the field


Decontamination


Decontamination

•chem-ID is sealed and gasketed to allow for certain levels of decontamination– Twist the knobs to “closed”– Pull out the sniffer nozzle– Make sure all the doors are closed– Now ready to wash and brush

•Note that the inside is still contaminated (to very small quantities)– Bake-out or dry out is the only non-destructive decon

method


Returning a chem-ID for Repair

•If we need to repair a chem-ID, contamination is critically important.

•We will use gloves and a chemical hood in the maintenance process

•However, we will need from you, in writing, what hazardous chemicals you believe the unit has been exposed to.


How to Read a Gas Chromatograph


GC Graphs•Identifications are great but with 12 million chemicals in

the world, there is always going to be chemicals not identified.

•What can a GC graph tell you about unknown chemicals?


How does Gas Chromatography work?

•Separates complex mixture of chemicals into individually pure chemicals that are analyzed and characterized– No sample preparation

needed– Doesn’t destroy sample

ChemicalCloud

PureChemical 1

PureChemical 2

PureChemical 3

PureChemical N


Gas Chromatography Columns

•Chem-ID can be tailored to maximize performance for local chemicals

•Any two GC columns can be installed•Baseline configuration used DB-wax and DB-1 columns

– Provides good detection of a wide range of chemicals

DB-WAX FeaturesPolyethylene glycol (PEG) High polarity Lower temperature limit of 20°CResolves low boiling point analytes

DB-1 Features100% Dimethylpolysiloxane Non-polar Excellent general purpose column Wide range of applications Low bleed High temperature limit

For general monitoring of TICs and TIMs:

General monitoring and CWAs:DB-5 Features100% Dimethylpolysiloxane Non-polar Excellent general purpose column Wide range of applications

DB-200 Features40% TFP Mid polarity


Dual Gas Chromatography

•Takes a cloud containing a mixture of chemicals and separates each chemical from the cloud for ID

•Depends on a chemical’s interaction with a GC column•The time a chemical takes to go through a GC is fairly unique•With Dual GCs, we get two unique times for each chemical sample

Chemical cloud mixture

Chemical 1 Chemical 2

Chemical 1

Chemical 2

Time

Figure 1. Separation concept


The Chromatograph

•Bottom of the chart shows time – how many seconds it took for a chemical to flow through the GCs

•Height shows change of thermal conductivity from helium, which is approximately how much of the chemical is present

•Usually one peak from each GC for each chemical


Volatility of a chemical

Early chemicals are lighter,

more volatile

Slower chemicals are heavier,

evaporate slower


Concentration of Chemicals in a Sample

ChemicalConcentration

Trace

High

•Just looking at the GC shows the relative concentration of a chemical


What can this chart tell you?

This is a chromatograph showing the results from a chemical analysis


Peaks Present in every sample

WaterReferencechemicalAir


Understanding the Unknown Chemical

This is the unknown chemical.•The earlier in time the peak is, the

more light and volatile it is.•The early the peak, the faster it will

evaporate.•High temperatures and wind will

evaporate it faster•The faster it evaporates also means

that it will be in the air more.•The later the peak, the slower it will

be to evaporate and the more it will stick around

Unknownchemical


Support


Support

Contacts:

Contact Laurus Systems, 410-465-5558, for technical support, sales, maintenance and supplies

New firmware and database updates will be provided to your designated POC. Reach-back program under development.


Refilling Helium Tanks

•Laurus Systems will swap out empty tanks for full tanks– Full tanks are treated as hazmat by FedEx and UPS, so

can only be ground shipped.– Can’t do one-day re-supply currently


Restocking Reference Chemicals

•Reference chemicals are required to do accurate testing•Each reference chemical capsule is sealed in a waterproof

packet.•Once the packet is open, the reference chemical will

typically last two weeks or longer– Depends on humidity and how caustic the chemicals the

chem-ID analyses.•When the chem-ID does not see a reference chemical, it

will tell you the test is no good and add a new reference chemical.

training program 15 january 2008

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