1. Introduction 3

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Health and Safety Enforcement: General Background 5

General training models 9

Method 18Terminology 20Interview schedule 20

Training for enforcement in the Health and Safety Executive 27The structure of HSE 21Training in the Field Operations Division 28Career progression within HSE 30Training of HSE Inspectors 31Post qualification training 34Concluding comments on HSE training procedures 35

Research, training and Health and Safety in Local Authorities 37Background to current training 38Management training 39Training for qualified EHOs 40Training for student EHOs 40Poor continuity 42A sense of student neglect 43

7. The North West Local Authorities Employers’ Organisation 44Background to the training offered to H&SEOs by NWLAEO 44The current situation 45Issues for training 46What training is presently lacking? 4-l

8. Case 1 48Head of the Environmental Health Unit 48Technical Officer 53

Trainee Technical Officer

9. Case 2Head of Environmental HealthSenior EHOEHOsTrainee EHO

5862636465

10. Case 3Senior Officer with responsibility for trainingSenior EHO (Health and Safety)Long serving senior EHOStudent EHO

6667687072

11. Case 4Manager for Safety and Licensing

7474

12. Case 5 78Senior EHO 78Technical Officer 82Students 84

13. Case 6 87Senior EHO responsible for training 87

14. Case 7 89Head of Environmental Health 89Senior EHO (H&S) 92EHO 95Technical Officer (H&S) 97

15. Case 8Area ManagerQualified EHOTechnical OfficerEHO Trainee

100100102103104

16. Case 9Depute Director, Environmental ServicesEnvironmental Services ManagerSenior EHOEHO

105105109110111

17, Discussion 113

Pre-entry qualificationsPost entry inductionPost entry trainingGaps in training provisionHealth and Safety in local authoritiesThe nature of local government

ConclusionsPoor training practicesBarriers to consistency of trainingGood training practicesPre-entry trainingInduction of new recruitsPost-entry training

Recommendations

References and bibliography

115117120126126131

133133134135135136137

140

144

List of Figures

Figure 1: The Cybernetic Model of Training

Figure 2: Increased Effectiveness Model

Figure 3: A systematic model of the training process

10

11

13

List of Tables

Table 1: Guide to Agricultural/Factory Inspector Training 32

Table 2: Coverage of major functions in training courses for student EHGs 42

Table 3: Extracts from the authority’s Health Policy 60 ’