traffic signal warrants example problem tapan k. datta, ph.d., p.e
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Traffic Signal Warrants
Example Problem
Tapan K. Datta, Ph.D., P.E.
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Intersection of Main Street and14th Street
Major Street: Main Street 3-lane EB approach and
3-lane WB approach Speed limit = 50 mph
Minor Street: 14th Street One left-turn lane and
one shared through and right-turn lane
Main Street
14th
Str
eet
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12-hour Traffic Volumes
TIME MAIN STREET (TOTAL OF EB
AND WB DIRECTION OF TRAFFIC) VPH
MINOR STREET APPROACH VPH
7:00-8:00 AM 500+780 = 1,280 145
8:00-9:00 AM 700+620 = 1,320 210
9:00-10:00 AM 300+435 = 735 120
10:00-11:00 AM 385+405 = 790 100
11:00-12:00 PM 450+420 = 870 110
12:00-1:00 PM 470+430 = 900 115
1:00-2:00 PM 280+320 = 600 85
2:00-3:00 PM 245+255 = 500 52
3:00-4:00 PM 225+325 = 550 50
4:00-5:00 PM 680+780 = 1,460 220
5:00-6:00 PM 700+750 = 1,450 205
6:00-7:00 PM 480+450 = 930 155
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Warrants for Signalized Intersections
Warrant 1: Minimum Vehicular Volume
Number of lanes for movingtraffic at each approach
Vehicles per hour onmajor street
(total of both approaches)
Vehicles per hour on highervolume minor street approach
(one direction only)
Major Street Minor Street
1 1 500 150
2 or more 1 600 150
1 2 or more 500 200
2 or more 2 or more 600 200
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satisfied when the volumes given in the table exits
• on major street and
• on the higher volume minor street
• for any 8 hours of an average day
when 85th percentile speed of major street exceeds 40 mph
• 70 % of the requirements may be used
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Warrant #1
Requirements (for 8 hours): Can use the 70% reduction, since
85th percentile speed > 40 mph Major Street (total of both approaches)
with 2 or more lanes • 600*0.70 = 420 vph
Minor Street (one approach) with 2 or more lanes• 200*0.70 = 140 vph
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TIME
MAIN STREET (TOTAL OF EB AND WB
DIRECTIONS OF TRAFFIC) VPH
MINOR STREET APPROACH VPH
Warrant Met = Warrant No.1
Volume Criteria (Major Street = 420, Minor Street = 140)
7:00-8:00 AM 500+780 = 1,280 145
8:00-9:00 AM 700+620 = 1,320 210
9:00-10:00 AM 300+435 = 735 120
10:00-11:00 AM 385+405 = 790 100
11:00-12:00 PM 450+420 = 870 110
12-00-1:00 PM 470+430 = 900 115
1:00-2:00 PM 280 + 320 = 600 85
2:00-3:00 PM 245+255 = 500 52
3:00-4:00 PM 225+325 = 550 50
4:00-5:00 PM 680+780 = 1,460 220
5:00-6:00 PM 700+750 = 1,450 205
6:00-7:00 PM 480+480 = 930 155
Warrant No. 1 is not met
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Warrant 2: Interruption of Continuous Traffic
Number of lanes for movingtraffic at each approach
Vehicles per hour onmajor street
(total of both approaches)
Vehicles per hour on highervolume minor street approach
(one direction only)
Major Street Minor Street
1 1 750 752 or more 1 900 75
1 2 or more 750 100
2 or more 2 or more 900 100
Warrant Applies where traffic volume on major street is so high that traffic on minor intersecting street experiences excessive delay.
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satisfied when, the volumes given in the table exists on the major street
on the higher-volume minor street
the signal installation will not seriously disrupt progressive traffic
flow for each of any 8 hours of an average day
when 85th percentile speed of major street exceeds 40 mph
• 70 % of the requirements may be used
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Warrant #2
Requirements (for 8 hours): Can use the 70% reduction, since
85th percentile speed > 40 mph Major Street (total of both approaches)
with 2 or more lanes • 900*0.70 = 630 vph
Minor Street (one approach) with 2 or more lanes• 100*0.70 = 70 vph
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Warrant No. 2 is met
TIME
MAIN STREET (TOTAL OF WB AND EB
DIRECTIONS OF TRAFFIC) VPH
MINOR STREET APPROACH VPH
Warrant Met = Warrant No.1
Volume Criteria (Major Street = 6300, Minor Street = 70 )
7:00-8:00 AM 500+780 = 1,280 145
8:00-9:00 AM 700+620 = 1,320 210
9:00-10:00 AM 300+435 = 735 120
10:00-11:00 AM 385+405 = 790 100
11:00-12:00 PM 450+420 = 870 110
12-00-1:00 PM 470+430 = 900 115
1:00-2:00 PM 280 + 320 = 600 85
2:00-3:00 PM 245+255 = 500 52
3:00-4:00 PM 225+325 = 550 50
4:00-5:00 PM 680+780 = 1,460 220
5:00-6:00 PM 700+750 = 1,450 205
6:00-7:00 PM 480+480 = 930 155
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Warrant 8: Combination of Warrants
Signals may be justified where no single warrant is satisfied but where Warrants 1 and 2 are satisfied to the extent of 80 percent or more of the stated values
Warrant No. 2 is met. Therefore, we don’t need to check Warrant #8 in this particular case.
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Warrant 9: Four Hour Volumes
Satisfied when, each of any four hours of an average day the plotted points representing the vehicles per hour on the major street (total of both approaches) and the corresponding vehicle per hour on the higher volume minor street approach (one direction only) all fall above the curve in Figure 4-3 for the existing combination of approach lanes
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85 percentile speed exceeds 40 mph, the four hour volume requirement is satisfied when the plotted points referred to fall above the curve in figure 4-4 for the existing combination of approaches.
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Warrant #9
Requirement (4 hours) Use Figure 4-4 since 85th percentile
speed exceeds 40 mph lower threshold volume for a minor
street approach with two or more lanes is 80 vph, when the traffic volumes on the major street exceed 875 vph.
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Warrant No. 9 is met
TIME
MAIN STREET (TOTAL OF WB AND EB
DIRECTIONS OF TRAFFIC) VPH
MINOR STREET APPROACH VPH
Warrant Met = Warrant No.1
Volume Criteria (Major Street = 8755 Minor Street = 80 )
7:00-8:00 AM 500+780 = 1,280 145
8:00-9:00 AM 700+620 = 1,320 210
9:00-10:00 AM 300+435 = 735 120
10:00-11:00 AM 385+405 = 790 100
11:00-12:00 PM 450+420 = 870 110
12-00-1:00 PM 470+430 = 900 115
1:00-2:00 PM 280 + 320 = 600 85
2:00-3:00 PM 245+255 = 500 52
3:00-4:00 PM 225+325 = 550 50
4:00-5:00 PM 680+780 = 1,460 220
5:00-6:00 PM 700+750 = 1,450 205
6:00-7:00 PM 480+480 = 930 155
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Warrant 11: Peak Hour Volume
Satisfied when, the plotted point representing the vph the major street (total of both approaches) and the corresponding vehicles per hour of the higher volume minor street approach (one direction only) for one hour of an average day falls above the curve in Figure 4-5 for the existing combination of approach lanes
When the 85th percentile speed exceeds 40mph, peak hour volume requirement is satisfied when the plotted point falls above the curve in figure 4-6 for the existing combination of approach lanes
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Warrant #11
Requirement (one hour): Use Figure 4-6 since 85th percentile
speed of the major street exceeds 40 mph lower threshold volume for a major
street approach with two lanes is 100 vph when the major street volume is greater than 1200 vph.
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Warrant No. 11 is met
TIME
MAIN STREET (TOTAL OF WB AND EB
DIRECTIONS OF TRAFFIC) VPH
MINOR STREET APPROACH VPH
Warrant Met = Warrant No.1
Volume Criteria (Major Street = 12000, Minor Street = 100)
7:00-8:00 AM 500+780 = 1,280 145
8:00-9:00 AM 700+620 = 1,320 210
9:00-10:00 AM 300+435 = 735 120
10:00-11:00 AM 385+405 = 790 100
11:00-12:00 PM 450+420 = 870 110
12-00-1:00 PM 470+430 = 900 115
1:00-2:00 PM 280 + 320 = 600 85
2:00-3:00 PM 245+255 = 500 52
3:00-4:00 PM 225+325 = 550 50
4:00-5:00 PM 680+780 = 1,460 220
5:00-6:00 PM 700+750 = 1,450 205
6:00-7:00 PM 480+480 = 930 155
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Conclusion
Based on the results obtained from the warrant study, installation of signal is recommended at the intersection.
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Left-Turn Phasing Warrants at Signalized Intersections
Warrants based on accidents 3-5 left-turn crashes/year N
LEGENDRear-End
Backed Into
Head On
Angle
Left-TurnHead-On
Sideswipe
Fixed Object
Parked Vehicle
Pedestrian
Other
Injury
Fatality
*
Kal
amaz
oo
Ave
nu
e
Burton street
Collision Diagram for Burton Street and Kalamazoo Avenue from April 1997- March 1998(12 months) before data
1
2
3
*4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
*25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
4142
N
LEGENDRear-End
Backed Into
Head On
Angle
Left-TurnHead-On
Sideswipe
Fixed Object
Parked Vehicle
Pedestrian
Other
Injury
Fatality
**
Kal
amaz
oo
Ave
nu
e
Burton street
Collision Diagram for Burton Street and Kalamazoo Avenue from April 1997- March 1998(12 months) before data
1
2
3
**4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
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**25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
4142
Correctable LTHO crashes/year ≥ 4 LTHO crashes/ 2 years ≥ 6
Main Street
14
th S
treet
Collision Diagram for the Intersection ofMain Street and 14th Street
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Left-Turn Phasing Warrants at Signalized Intersections (ITE Journal April 1986)
Warrants based on volumes product of left turn and opposing volume
• 2 lane exceeds 30,000-50,0000• 4 lane exceeds 50,000-100,000
NUMBER OF OPPOSING
LANES
PRODUCT
1 ≥ 45,000
2 ≥ 90,000
3 ≥ 135,000
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Warrants based on volumes sum of left turn and opposing volume
NUMBER OF OPPOSING
LANES
SUM
1 ≥ 500
2 ≥ 900
3 ≥ 1000
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Example
Product Rule:200*680 = 136,000For 2 opposing lanes, yes the left-turn phase is warranted (≥ 90,000)
Sum Rule:200+680 = 880For 2 opposing lanes, the left-turn phase is not warranted (< 900)
WB Thru = 680 vph
EB LT = 200 vph
8 Mile Road Bre
ntw
ood
Str
eet