Squint or Crossed EyesSquint or Crossed Eyes

Crossed Eyes/”Marukan”Crossed Eyes/”Marukan”Defect in the alignment of eyes Defect in the alignment of eyes

Right and left eyes look in different Right and left eyes look in different directions directions

May be permanent or temporaryMay be permanent or temporary

Direction: inward, outward, upward Direction: inward, outward, upward

or downward or downward

CausesCauses

• Weakened muscles Weakened muscles • Abnormal nerve impulses to the eye Abnormal nerve impulses to the eye

muscles muscles • Heredity Heredity • Blurred or poor vision Blurred or poor vision

Signs/FeaturesSigns/Features

• Eyes not straightEyes not straight• Face turned to one sideFace turned to one side• Head tilted to one sideHead tilted to one side

False beliefsFalse beliefs

• Child may become better with ageChild may become better with age• Does not affect visionDoes not affect vision• Cannot be correctedCannot be corrected• Sign of good luckSign of good luck• Heredity Heredity

TreatmentTreatment

• Spectacle correctionSpectacle correction• Surgery Surgery

Before surgery

After surgery

LAZY EYELAZY EYE

• Reduced vision in an anatomically Reduced vision in an anatomically normal eye normal eye

• Poor neurological visual development of Poor neurological visual development of the affected eye. the affected eye.

CausesCauses

• SquintSquint

• Difference in power between the two Difference in power between the two eyes eyes

• Cataract Cataract

• Corneal opacityCorneal opacity

Treatment Treatment

• Covering or patching the good eye to Covering or patching the good eye to force the use of the lazy - done from a force the use of the lazy - done from a few hours to a few days few hours to a few days

• Prescribing spectacles Prescribing spectacles • Removal of cataractRemoval of cataract• Surgery, when lazy eye is accompanied Surgery, when lazy eye is accompanied

by crossed eyesby crossed eyes

Common Ocular InfectionsCommon Ocular Infections

Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis (Madras Eye or Pink Eye)(Madras Eye or Pink Eye)• Common infection of the outer surface of eye Common infection of the outer surface of eye • Redness of eyesRedness of eyes• DischargeDischarge• Mild pain and discomfort Mild pain and discomfort

Spreads very fast among family members Spreads very fast among family members and friendsand friends

Precautions to be taken are Precautions to be taken are • After rubbing or cleaningAfter rubbing or cleaning

the eye - the eye - wash handswash hands

• Should always use a Should always use a

clean clothclean cloth for wiping eyes for wiping eyes

• Eye droppers tip should Eye droppers tip should NOTNOT be pricked open with be pricked open with “safety pin”“safety pin”• Should only be opened with the sharp Should only be opened with the sharp

pointer inside the bottle cappointer inside the bottle cap

• Should not share dropsShould not share drops

• Once opened should Once opened should not be used after a monthnot be used after a month

• Pull the lower eyelid downPull the lower eyelid down• Put the drops into the space between Put the drops into the space between

the lower eyelid and the eyeball as the lower eyelid and the eyeball as shown in the pictureshown in the picture

• Do not let the bottle/dropper touch Do not let the bottle/dropper touch your eye or the area around ityour eye or the area around it

• Instillation of one drop is enoughInstillation of one drop is enough

Allergic conjunctivitisAllergic conjunctivitis

• An allergic disorder of the outer surface An allergic disorder of the outer surface of eyeof eye

• Common allergen is plant pollen or any Common allergen is plant pollen or any dust in the atmospheredust in the atmosphere

• Usually seasonalUsually seasonal

(spring when the (spring when the

flowers bloom)flowers bloom)

ComplaintsComplaints

• Intense itching of eyesIntense itching of eyes• Frequent rubbing of eyesFrequent rubbing of eyes• RednessRedness

Doesn’t subside with usual eye Doesn’t subside with usual eye medications and needs evaluation by an medications and needs evaluation by an eye specialisteye specialist

StyeStye

• Swelling which occurs in the eyelidsSwelling which occurs in the eyelids• It is caused by infectionIt is caused by infection• Treated by Treated by

• Hot compress Hot compress • Eye ointment applicationEye ointment application

Sometimes it may be caused by refractive Sometimes it may be caused by refractive errors (spectacle problem) errors (spectacle problem)

Myths to be avoidedMyths to be avoided

• Pouring Pouring cow’s milk or breast milkcow’s milk or breast milk in eye in eye especially for children with eye infection or especially for children with eye infection or traumatrauma

• Instilling Instilling hen’s bloodhen’s blood in the eye for treatment in the eye for treatment• Use of Use of plant juiceplant juice in the eye for curing in the eye for curing

decreased visiondecreased vision• Will only worsen the eye problem Will only worsen the eye problem • Are of no benefit scientificallyAre of no benefit scientifically