TRADITIONAL COOKING FUELS TRADITIONAL COOKING FUELS OVENS & STOVES OVENS & STOVES

in TURKEYin TURKEY

ASLI İŞLERASLI İŞLERChem.Eng.MSc.

ISTANBUL PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOP“ENERGY & POVERTY: CLEAN COOKING FUELS”

16-17 June 2008

CONTENTCONTENT

•Industrial Energy Inputs

•Biomass Energy

•Biomass Energy in the World & in Turkey

•Cooking in the World & in Turkey

•Ovens & Stoves in Turkey

•Conclusions

• Wood : First fuel of human lifeWood : First fuel of human lifeWood Ash : First waste productWood Ash : First waste product

• CoalCoal• Oil Oil • Natural GasNatural Gas• Nuclear PowerNuclear Power• New Renewable Energy TechnologiesNew Renewable Energy Technologies

Biomass EnergyBiomass Energy

INDUSTRIAL ENERGY INDUSTRIAL ENERGY INPUTSINPUTS

One of the most important energy sources with its strategic and technical importance and its

applicability within renewable

energy sources

BIOMASS ENERGY SOURCES

• WoodWood• OOil seedsil seeds• CCarbohydrate plantarbohydrate plantss• FFiber plantsiber plants• PPlant residueslant residues• AAnimal wastesnimal wastes• UUrban and industrial wasterban and industrial wastess

BIOMASS ENERGY SOURCESBIOMASS ENERGY SOURCES

BIOMASS ENERGYBIOMASS ENERGY

DIRECT USE:Heating and CookingTRADITIONAL BIOMASS

Electricity:BIOELECTRICITYBIOMASS POWER

Biofuels, Biomaterials, Biochemicals by Conversion ProcessesBIOREFINERY

COGENERATION & TRIGENERATION

BIOMASS ENERGYBIOMASS ENERGY

TRADITIONAL USING MODERN USING

• Must Must for the underdeveloped and for the underdeveloped and developing countries developing countries

• CConstituent for developed countrieonstituent for developed countriess• Worldwide biomass fuels including Worldwide biomass fuels including

firewood, charcoal, dung and agricultural firewood, charcoal, dung and agricultural residues residues 2.5 billion people 2.5 billion people

BIOMASS POTENTIAL in the BIOMASS POTENTIAL in the WORLD & in TURKEYWORLD & in TURKEY

WORLD’S RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD’S RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION SHARES-2006CONSUMPTION SHARES-2006

Traditional Biomass 13%

Large Hydropower 3%

Hot Water/Heating

1.3%

Power Generation 0.8%

Biofuels 0.3%

(Agricultural Waste,Fuel Wood,Animal Dung)(Agricultural Waste,Fuel Wood,Animal Dung)

Renewable Energy Share in the Total Consumption : 18%

HOUSEHOLDS USING

TRADITIONAL BIOMASS500 Million

HOUSEHOLD SCALE BIOGAS25 Million

(displacing kerosene & other cooking fuel)

WORLD WORLD BIOENERGY:2006BIOENERGY:2006

• The share of renewable biofuels of The share of renewable biofuels of primary energy supply in 2006 : primary energy supply in 2006 : 11.5%11.5%

• WWood, animal wasteood, animal waste & & plant residue plant residue production in 2006production in 2006 : : 5127 million 5127 million tonnes of oil equivalenttonnes of oil equivalent

BIOMASS in TURKEYBIOMASS in TURKEY

COOKING in the WORLD & in COOKING in the WORLD & in TURKEYTURKEY

SShareharess of the traditional biomass of the traditional biomass in in 2001 of total primary energy supply:2001 of total primary energy supply:

• 49% in Africa49% in Africa• 25% in Asia25% in Asia• 18% in Latin America18% in Latin America• Higher values Higher values in some African in some African

countries countries

COOKING IN THE WORLDCOOKING IN THE WORLD

• SSave biomass consumption from 10 to 50 %ave biomass consumption from 10 to 50 %• IImprove the air qualitymprove the air quality• RReduce the greenhouse gaseseduce the greenhouse gases

• Countries using improved stoves widely : Countries using improved stoves widely : China, India and especially Kenya China, India and especially Kenya

• Number of improved stoves in the world : Number of improved stoves in the world : 220 220 millionmillion

• NNumber of stoves using traditional biomass umber of stoves using traditional biomass as the cooking fuel as the cooking fuel : 570 million : 570 million

IMPROVED BIOMASS COOKING IMPROVED BIOMASS COOKING STOVESSTOVES

Biomass burned in traditional stoves and used for both cooking and heating :

• Wood• Charcoal• Sawdust• Straw• Stalk• Combustible residues• Wastes

Another intensively used primary source in rural areas:Coal

COOKING in TURKEYCOOKING in TURKEY

OVENS & STOVES in TURKEYOVENS & STOVES in TURKEY

• Wood stoves

• Dung stoves

• Sawdust stoves

• Güzine stoves

• Rock ovens

• Tandoor ovens

WIDELY USED STOVES & OVENSWIDELY USED STOVES & OVENS

WOOD STOVEWOOD STOVE

• Simple stove type, which utilize energy for heating and cooking with burning the wood

• Continuously feeding of wood

• Widely used in the rural areas where forestry products are abundant

WOOD STOVEWOOD STOVE

SAWDUST STOVESAWDUST STOVE

• Similar running system as wood stove

• Feedstock : Sawdust obtained from cutting trees

TANDOOR TANDOOR OVENOVEN

• One of the oldest traditional ovens

• Plastering the inner walls of a digged hole in the ground with adobe a place in the bottom of the oven in order to burn

• Usage depth : 1 meter

• Closing the outer surface with clay possible

ROCK OVENROCK OVEN

Consist of fire resistant special rocks, which have a name “Şamot” in the Ottoman Empire time

GÜZİNE STOVEGÜZİNE STOVE

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

•Coming future : Traditional biomass intensively all around the world, especially in the developing and underdeveloped countries and in rural areas

•One of the most important point for using traditional biomass : Considering the human health both for the indoor and outdoor conditions

•Standards formation

•Household biomass using energy managers like a woman house engineer and a child house engineer

•Importance of teachers for educating people

•Energy action plan about cooking with biomass by governments

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

• Developments in the area of producing and using improved stoves : Can be an important sector in the future

•Using traditional biomass : Part for energy production in the future, but with its standards and by considering the human health

•Traditional biomass using Advantage with the todays knowledge of people as humankind deserves

THANK YOU!THANK YOU!