Trading Systems Review

AP World History

Before 600 BCE

• Mainly localized trade

• Mesopotamia was known to trade with Ancient Egypt

• Hittites (nomadic group) facilitated trade in between

600 BCE – 600 CE

Silk Road

• Han Dynasty, Maurya, Gupta, Rome

• Impacts• Spread of Buddhism from India to China

Buddhism changed by deifying Buddha

Indian Ocean

• Maurya, Gupta, Han, Rome, Persia, Southeast Asia

• Rome didn’t directly trade in the Indian Ocean but was connect to it through the Mediterranean

• Monsoon Winds – made trade predictable

• Impact• Hinduism reached Southeast Asia

600 – 1450

Silk Road

• Tang/Song Dynasties, Mongol Empire, Islamic Caliphates, India

• Mongols – revived Silk Road & made it safer

• Impact:• Bubonic Plague (Black Death) helped end

feudalism in Europe creation of nation-states

• Spread of Islam into India influenced by Hindu practices

Indian Ocean Trade

• Tang/Song Dynasties, Southeast Asia, India, East Africa (Swahili States), Islamic Caliphates

• New navigation technology: compass, astrolabe, lateen sail, junks

• Impact• Islam reaches E. Africa (Arabic), SE Asia & China (Zheng

He)

• New tech reaches W. Europe opens them up for exploration

• Slavery from East Africa

• Sinification of Japan, Korea, Vietnam Japan took language and bureaucratic system but kept feudal structure

Trans-Saharan

• Islamic Caliphate (N. Africa) Ghana & Mali (W. Africa)

• Gold (W) & Salt (N)

• Impact• Spread of Islam (Mansa Musa & Ibn Battuta) adopted by the elite but not the common people

1450 – 1750

Globalization

• Americas join the Eastern Hemisphere

• Spanish, Portuguese, British, Dutch, Ottomans, Ming, Japan, Southeast Asia

• Ming start closing their borders no active exploration

• Silk Road obsolete

Columbian Exchange

• Western Europe & Latin America

• Impact• Native

• 90+% population killed (smallpox & war)

• Introduction of horses more hunting for plains Indians

• Europeans

• Increase in health and life expectancy new food and nutrients (potato)

Triangular Trade (Atlantic System)

• W. Europe (manufactured goods) W. Africa (slaves) Colonies (raw materials) W. Europe

• Impact• Atlantic Slave Trade

• Males population decreases in W. Africa

• Wars between W. Africa nations for slaves

• Brazil & Caribbean get most slaves plantations high mortality rate

• South America sustained population

• Rise of wealthy business class

• Sparks Industrial Revolution in Britain free/cheap raw materials + new markets

• Hacienda system created in Latin American colonies exploitation of native

Silver Trade

• Peru & Mexico, Spain, China

• Impact• Ruined Chinese & Spanish economy

inflation

• Decline of the Spanish Empire

1750 - 1900

Imperialism

• Industrial Revolution need raw materials

• Revolutions in Americas need new markets

• Ottomans & Qing leave trade

• Economic Imperialism British take over Qing trade (opium)

• United States enters trade Japan (Meiji Restoration)

• Panama (US controlled) & Suez (British controlled) Canals make trade faster

1900 - Present

Trade Regulatory Organization

• OPEC – control oil

• World Trade Organization – organize trade

• NAFTA – no tariffs between Canada, US, Mexico

• European Union – reduce tariffs for member countries

• Impact• Economic dependence depression

• Increased global access to variety of goods

• Spread of ideas new inventions

• Disease epidemics Flu