17NOMADIC EXPANSION

NOMADS Movement Animals Open, free

SETTLED Sedentary Agriculture Confined, “slavery”

SURVIVAL Conditions Conflict

MONGOLS Nomadic Pastoralism

Movement Land Animals

Tribe

1200-1500MONGOLS: OTHERS: 1 mil. China, M.E., Russia

Millions

MILITARY Training Weapons

Short bow 350 yds. Europe: 250 yds.

MILITARY Basic unit

Tumens: 10k Subunits Commanders: control

MILITARY 100% cavalry

Combat: heavy Archers: light

Horses Best bred, trained 60-100 miles/day

SPECIAL OPS Scout parties

Messenger corps Days on horse

Logistics unit

WARFARE Psychological

Terror Demoralizing

Discipline, strategy

WARFARE Mobility Cavalry

Few provisions

CHINGGIS KHAN Strategy, diplomacy United Million people

Army 10%

EXPANSION

KUBILAI KHAN Grandson Chinggis Khan China

MONGOL RULE Travel, comm. Conquered people = new talent Specialists

Marco Polo

MONGOL CHINA Chinese, inferior

Taxes

Religious toleration

Wealth

MONGOL CHINA Technology

Hygiene Daily baths

Chinese culture Little change