track basics

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TRANSPORT

Senthil Kumar

12 Sep 2010

Introduction to Railway Track works

Engineering



Track Formation

Requirements for Choosing a Track System:

Trains running on Track do not cause excessive environmental

pollution in the form of noise and ground vibration.

1. Costs of the total service life of the track must be as low aspossible.

2. Maintenance should be low and as inexpensive as possible

The purpose of track is to transfer train loads to the formation.



Load Bearing Function of the Track

1. The greatest stress occursbetween wheel and rail and isin the order of 30 kN/cm2 (=300 MPa).

2. Between rail and sleeper thestress is two orders smaller and diminishes betweensleeper and ballast bed downto about 30 N/cm2.

3. Finally the stress on theformation is only about 5N/cm2.

The load transfer works on the principle of stress reduction - layer by layer.



Type of Railway System

1. Urban Railway Transit:Urban rail transit is an all-encompassing term for various types of local rail systems providing passenger service within and around urban or older suburban areas.

Types :

a) Tram : T rams are systems that run mainly or completely along streets, with low capacity and frequent stops. Passengers usually board at street- or curb-level

b) Light R ail : Light rail is a relatively new term, as an outgrowth of trams/streetcars.Speeds are usually higher, and articulated vehicles may be used to increase

capacity.

c) Rapid Transit: A rapid transit , underground , subway , tube, elevated , or metro(politan) system is a railway²usually in an urban area²with a high capacity and frequency of service, and grade separation from other traffic.

d) Mono R ail: Monorail is a metro or railroad with a track consisting of a single rail (actually a beam), as opposed to the traditional track with two parallel rails. Monorail vehicles are wider than the beam they run on.




Tramway Light Rail

Mass Rapid Transit Monorail




1. Suburban/Rural Railways: Suburb mostly refers to aresidential area. They may be the residential areas of a city, or separate residential communities within commuting distance of acity.

Types :

a) Regional/Commuter Rail : C ommuter rail, also called suburban rail, is a passenger rail transport service between a city center, and outer suburbs and commuter townsor other locations that draw large numbers of commuters²people who travel on a

daily basis. Regional rail or commuter rail runs on trackage often shared with

intercity rail and freight trains

b) Intercity Rail: I nter-city rail services are express passenger train services that cover longer distances than commuter or regional trains.

c) Freight T rains: A freight train or goods train is a group of freight cars (US) or goods wagons ( U IC ) hauled by one or more locomotives on a railway, ultimately

transporting cargo between two points as part of the logistics chain.



Type of Tracks

1. Ballasted Track2. Ballastless Track (Slab Track)



Permanent Way Materials

1. Rails

2. Concrete Sleepers

3. Fastenings

4. Switches & Crossings (Turnouts)



Running Rails



Rail Joints

A. Fish Plate Joints

B. Flash Butt Welding

C. Alumino Thermit WeldingD. Insulated Rail Joints

Mechanical Rail Joints

Rail mechanical joints have been used in the railway industry to

improve the lateral and vertical alignment of the rails at their ends.



Rail Joints

A. Fish Plate Joints

As illustrated in the Figure, the normal rail joints consist of fishplates

that are bolted at the rail ends through a number of bolt holes

(either two or three or more) that have been drilled near the

neutral axis in the rail web.



Rail Joints

B. Insulated Rail Joints

1. Bonded insulated joints in rails separate

electric circuits in tracks and turnouts.

2. To provide track segment isolation for the

track circuitry passed through the rail; thiscircuitry is used to identify train locations

and to control signalling.



Mobile Flash Butt Welding Group is dedicated toperforming high quality welds and to meet all the

client needs. Alstom¶s latest arrival mobile welder, the Schlatter

AMS100 series that has been equipped with the newstate-of-the-art intelligent control and weldmanagement system.

In-Track Welding Equipment provides versatilityand reliability in any rail welding project.

Rail Joints

D. Flash Butt Welding



Rail Joints

Welding Range:

FBW Technical Specification

Rail section up to10,000 sq.mm

Production Rate: 12 welds / hr

Rated Working

Pressure inHydraulic System:

315 bar

Rated Upset force: 100 Tons

Rated Clampingforce:

245 Tons

Transformer Rating: 500 kVA

Welding Power:400 VAC, 50 Hz, 1Ph

Weld Head Mass: 3,800 kg

Overall Ctr.Dimension:

7 x 1062 x 1852mm



Rail Joints

In-Track Rail Welding (Plain Ballasted Track Renewable) ± TCDD,Turkey

Rails are welded together to reclaim 18m of rail into longer length strips.

This can assist the track welding production with greater productivity gains



Rail Joints

In-Track Rail Welding (Tunnel) ± Circle Line Project, Singapore

Rails are welded together to reclaim 18m of rail into longer length strips.

This can assist the track welding production with greater productivity gains



Sleepers

A railway sleeper is a rectangular object used as a base for railroadtracks. Ties are members generally laid transverse to the rails, onwhich the rails are supported and fixed, to transfer the loads from railsto the ballast and subgrade, and to hold the rails to the correct gauge.

Types of Sleepers:

Steel Sleepers

Wooden Sleepers

Concrete Sleepers



Sleepers

Pre-Stressed Concrete Sleepers A concrete sleeper is a

railroad tie made out of steel

reinforced concrete.



Fastenings

The fastening of rails is usually takencare of by the fasteners imbedded intothe concrete.



Switches & Crossings (Turnouts)



Ballasted Track Construction Sequence

First Layer of Ballast



Ballasted Track Installation Method

Second Layer of Ballast



Ballasted Track Construction Sequence

STACKING OF SLEEPERS AT TSA

LOADING BY RAIL/ROAD EXCAVATOR

AND TRANSPORT BY TRAILER

SLEEPERS PLACED BOTH SIDES OF TRACE LA YING OF SLEEPERS BY EXCAVATOR

STORAGE OF SLEEPERS

ALONGSIDE TRACK

24 SLEEPERS/BUNDLE BETWEEN

CATENARY MAST



Trackwork Heavy Equipments

Flat Wagons Ballast Hopper Wagons



Trackwork Heavy Equipments @ TSA TUZL A

Locomotive [LDH450] Forklift [MT1440]




Flash Butt Welding Machine [Schlatter] Truck c/w Palfinger Crane




Liebherr Excavators Vaiacar Excavators



OCS Heavy Equipments

Geismar VCP ± Rail/Road Platform




2 Units of Neotech ELAN ± Rail/Road Platform




Tape Drive Wagon [CRCU4] TrackMotor Car [APV350]




Genirail



OCS Installation Method

AEC Wire Running Work Method




Plant and Tools34

Cantilever Installation Work Method




35

Copper Wire Running Work Method




Dropping, Registration & Connection Installation Work Method

track basics

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