trachea by dr. nabila kmsmc sialkot
TRANSCRIPT
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS
AIR CONDUCTION AIR FILTRATION GASEOUS EXCHANGE SENSE OF SMELL PHONATION ENDOCRINE
CONDUCTING PART
HYALINE CARTILAGE MUCOSA EPITHELIUM
PSEUDOST. CILIATED COL./ St. Sq.Ciliated columnar, goblet, brush, Granule, basalMetaplasia, Smokers, Kartegner syndrome
LAMINA PROPRIA
CONDUCTING PART RESPIRATORY PART
NASAL CAVITIES NASO & OROPHARYNX LARYNX TRACHEA BRONCHI BRONCHIOLES
RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES ALVEOLAR DUCTS ALVEOLAR SACS ALVEOLI
NASAL CAVITIES
Two halves median nasal septum Nares & Choanae Roof, Floor, Medial & lateral wall Lateral wall, Choncha Mucosa Vestibule Respiratory segment Olfactory segment
VESTIBULE
Anterior dilated part ST. Sq. E. with HAIR & SEBACOUS glands
(traps larger particles) Post part– pseudostratified-- glands absent Filtration
RESPIRATORY SEGMENT
LARGEST PART MEDIAL & LATERAL WALLS CONCHA MUCOSA (warms moistens & filters) EPITHELIUM PSEUDO STRATIFIED CILIATED
COLUMNAR WITH GOBLET CELLS LAMINA PROPRIA (vascular network capillary
loops- engorged- swelling of mucosa , mucous glands with demilunes)
OLFACTORY SEGMENT ROOF YELLOWISH BROWN EPITHELIUM
Bipolar APICAL & BASAL POLES APICAL dendritic olfactory vesicle & cilia BASAL axonal Supporting cells MECHANICAL & METABOLIC SUPORTBasal cellsBrush cells Glands
LAMINA PROPRIABlood & lymph vessels, non myelinated & myelinated nerves & olfactory glands bowmans gland
TRACHEA
TRACHEA
SHORT FLEXIBLE TUBE LOWER BORDER OF CRICOID TO
STERNAL ANGLE 2.5cm / 10cm AIR PASSAGE & CONDITIONING OF AIR
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
MUCOSA SUBMUCOSA CARTILAGENOUS LAYER ADVENTITIA
MUCOSA EPITHELIUM ----RESPIRATORY
CILIATED COLUMNARGOBLET CELLSBRUSH CELLSBASAL CELLSGRANULE CELLSMAST CELLS & LYMPHOCYTES
BASEMENT MEMBRANE THICKCh. cough. Cigerette smoking
LAMINA PROPRIA--- LOOSE C.T. CELLULAR LYMPHOID TISSUE, ELASTIC FIBERS, ELASTIC MEMBRANE
SUB MUCOSA
LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUBMUCOSAL GLANDS
TUBULOALVEOLAR MIXED POST. PART
LARGER BLOOD VESSELS & LYMPHATIC
DIFFUSED & NODULAR LYMPHOID TISSUE
CARTILAGE HYALINE NON ARTCULAR CARTILAGE PERICHONDRIUM
FIBROUS CELLULAR LAYER ( chondrgenic cells)
MATRIXGROUND SUBSTANCE, territorial & interterritorial> SO4FIBER collagen type II, IX, X, XI
CELLS CHONDROBLAST CHONDROCYTES LACUNAE
TRACHEAL CARTILAGE
C SHAPED HYALINE CARTILAGES TRACHEALIS
ADVENTITIA
LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE BLOOD VESSELS, LYMPHATICS, NERVES
& ADIPOSE TISUE
CONDUCTING PART
PRINCIPAL BRONCHI
RIGHT & LEFT LOBAR OR SECONDRY BRONCHI
3 RIGHT, 2 LEFT SEGMENTAL OR TERTIARY BRONCHI
BRONCHPULMONARY SEGMENT BRONCHIOLES--- TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES
PULMONARY LOBULES
RESPIRATORY PART
RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES ALVEOLAR DUCTS ALVEOLAR SACS ALVEOLI
BRONCHI EXTRA PULMONARY BRONCHI STRUCTURE SIMILAR
TO TRACHEA INTRAPULMONARY BRONCHI 5 LAYERS < DIAMETER
MUCOSAEPITHELIUM < height of cells, < thickness of basement membraneLAMINA PROPRIA reduced rich in elastic fibers
MUSCULARISSUBMUCOSACARTILAGE PLATESADVENTITIA
BRONCHIOLES
Conducting part < 5mm, no cartilage or glands pulmonary lobule Epithelium simple ciliated columnar < goblet cells, Thick layer of smooth muscle Submucosa no glands No cartilage Terminal bronchioles pulmonary acinus, simple
cuboidal epithelium, clara cells
CLARA CELLS
NONCILIATED CELLS WITH A ROUNDED UPPER PART CONTAINING SECRETORY GRANULES
SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT –luminal adhesion
CCI6 ---pulmonary marker
RESPIRATORY BRONCIOLES
TRANSITIONAL ZONE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
INITIALLY ciliated, granule & brush
LATER CLARA CELLS SCATTERED ALVEOLI
ALVEOLAR DUCTS
LINEAR DUCTS LINED BY ALVEOLI, SMOOTH MUSCLE DISSAPPEAR ONLY ELASTIC & RETICULAR
FIBERS
ALVEOLAR SACS
CLUSTER OF ALVEOLI SHARING A COMMON OPENING
PULMONARY ALVEOLI
Thin epithelium resting on a basal lamina Type I 95% SIMPLE Sq. occluding junctions TYPE II 5% CUBOIDAL SURFACTANT ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES
TAR BODIES, HEART FAILURE CELLS
INTER ALVEOLAR SEPTUM
LINNING CELLS OF ADJACENT ALVEOLI & INTERVENING STRUCTURES
EPI, B.L.—C.T.—B.L., EPI COLLAGEN & ELASTIC FIBERS FIXED & FREE CELLS CAPILLARIES
PULMONARY CAPILLARIES
THIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS CAVEOLE CLEAR & THROMBI METABOLISM OF CHYLOMICRONS ANGIOTENSIN I—II THROMBOPLASTIN, PROSTAGLANDIN INACTIVATE SEROTININ
ALVEOLAR PORES
PORES OF KOHN,
10– 15 micrometer,
OBST. LUNG DISEASE
ALVEOLAR MEMBRANE
GASSEOUS EXCANGE THICK & THIN PART
EPI.– B/L. C.T. B/L. ENDOTHELIUM
BLOOD SUPPLY
PULMONARY ARTERY--- CAPILLARIES--VEINS
BRONCHIOLAR ARTERIES---VEINS