urban eco- sialkot

7/22/2019 Urban Eco- Sialkot

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URBAN ECONOMICS

ASSIGNMENT

SIALKOT AT A

GLANCE

SAFIA ASLAM

APPLIED ECONOMICS RESEARCH

CENTER

2013-14


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Population of Sialkot district in 1981: 1,802,505Population of Sialkot district in 1998: 2,723,481

Male: 1396532Female: 1326949Current Estimated Population: 3,727,783Area: 3,016 kmDensity: 903/km2Literacy rate: 59%Urban population: 26.19%Rural population: 73.81%

Coordinates: 322950N 743210ECity Website: www.sialkot.gov.pkCalling code: 052Main industries: Sports goods, surgical

instruments, leather products

POPULATION, ITS DENSITY AND LAND AREA


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4654

DEPENDENT LABOR FORCE

0-4 yrs

5-9 yrs

10-14 yrs

15-19 yrs

20-24 yrs

25-29 yrs

30-34 yrs

35-39 yrs

40-44 yrs

45-49 yrs

50-54 yrs

55-59 yrs

60-64 yrs

65-69 yrs

70+ yrs

females

males

Out of the total population, 51 percent

are males and 49 percent are females.Largest cohort of population is 5-9 years

with a population of 540,580, which

decreases with 5 years interval. The age

distribution of the districts is such that

except for the age group 20-24, in all

the age groups, male population out

numbers female population.

DEPENDENCY RATIO

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY AGE & GENDER


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EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT


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DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

Sialkot (district) has a diverse population of 3,500,000. Punjabi is

the main language of people. The population mainly consists of

Punjabis, Kashmiris and Pashtuns. The population of the Sialkot city

(proper) is about 502,721. Population Density is 1160/km2.

Population Growth Rate is very low as compared to other urban areas

of Pakistan. In 1947, Sialkot was the 6th largest city in Pakistan

(150,000) and in 2009, it is the 13th largest. Major clans

areSulehria, Bajwa, Cheema, Dhillon, Kang, Jatt, Arain, Rajput,

Chughtai, Awan, Kakazai, Butt, Mir, Sharif, Sheikh, Gujar, Pathan

(Pashtun origin), Mughal and Qureshi. Literacy rate is among the

highest in Pakistan. In urban areas, it is 73% and in rural areas, it

is 54%. Employment in agriculture is only 19.5% and 32% in

elementary occupations. 95% of the population has electricity and

96% have the water facility. Sialkot has also attracted many

labourers and other entrepreneurs many of whom hail from

Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), notably from

Bajaur and Mohmand agencies who have set up vibrant business

throughout the area.


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LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATIONBoth Sexes 45.1Males 80.1Females 12.8EMPLOYEMENT RATIOBoth Sexes 42.2Males 74.6Females 12.3UNEMPLOYMENT RATES

Both Sexes 6.6Males 7Females 4.1SHARE OF INDUSTRY IN TOATAL EMPLYEMENTBoth Sexes 39.6Males 42.8Females 21.2SHARE OF AGRICULTURE IN TOTAL EMPLOYEMENTBoth Sexes 28.2

Males 23.9Females 52.4SHARE OF SERVICE SECTOR IN TOTAL EMPLOYEMENTBoth Sexes 32.2Males 33.3Females 26.4EMPLOYEMENT IN MANUFACTURINGBoth Sexes 2.6Males 4.0Females -

EMPLOYEMENT STATISTICS OF SIALKOT DISTRICT


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2012 $2800

2010 $2400

2008 $2100

Both Sexes

Highly Skilled 10686Skilled 8032Unskilled 8221MaleHighly Skilled 12679Skilled 8476Unskilled 8707FemalesHighly Skilled 7033Skilled 2883Unskilled 3855

Average (Rs.) Range

Average Monthly Disposable Salary (After Tax) 22,483.33 18,000.0030,000.00

Mortgage Interest Rate in Percentages (%), Yearly 15.00 14.0016.00

WAGES OF EMPLOYES IN MAJOR SECTROS 2009-10

SALARIES AND FINANCING

PER CAPITA INCOME


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RENT PER MONTH Average(Rs.) Range(Rs.)

Apartment (1 bedroom) in City Centre 15,556.67 11,670.00

20,000.00Apartment (1 bedroom) Outside of Centre 11,575.00 9,725.00

15,000.00Apartment (3 bedrooms) in City Centre 44,541.67 25,000.00

60,000.00Apartment (3 bedrooms) Outside of Centre 26,437.50 20,000.00

35,000.00

BUY APARTMENT PRICE Average(Rs.) Range(Rs.)

Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment inCity Centre

77,986.17 55,972.33100,000.00

Price per Square Meter to Buy ApartmentOutside of Centre

52,604.21 45,208.4260,000.00

HOUSING VALUES


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Crimes Ensuring PhysicalHarm

Cases 116

no of share in total 0.30%

Crimes against Property

Cases 61


Threats and FraudsCases 12no of share in total 0.00%

Crimes against Women

Cases 3


Other

Cases 914


Total

Cases 1106


CRIME RATES


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1. Environment1.2. Climate

Sialkot experiences significant seasonal variations in temperature with the averagemonthly temperature varying from 11.6oC in January to 32.2oC in June with anaverage temperature over the coldest three months of the year of about 12.7oC,rather lower than Lahore.

The mean annual rainfall is 957mm, over half of which falls in the summer monsoonmonths of July and August which often results in flooding. Sialkot has one of themost modern weather forecasting and flood warning centers in the country, whichis fully equipped to record and transfer data to and from the relevant concerns.This facility is equipped with radar and is internationally linked.

1.3. GeographyLying between 32 30 north latitude and 74 30 east longitudes at 256 meters

above sea level, Sialkot is bounded on the north by Jammu, on the northwest byGujrat, on the west by Gujranwala and on the south by Narowal. The city is locatedin a fertile agricultural basin with a few low hills, including the hilly area called theFort, now occupied by the TMA administration.

1.4. HydrologySialkot is situated in the Upper Rachna Doab, which is bounded by the Ravi and

Chenab rivers. It sits over abundant shallow and deep groundwater aquifers which

are used by both the city water supply system and inhabitants with wells for theirwater supplies. The Chenab River flows to the northwest of Sialkot, and the

Marala- Ravi Link Canals flow to the west. Sialkot is traversed by three seasonal

streams, comprising Aik Nala, to the south of the city, Bhaid Nala, between the

Cantonment and the rest of the city, and Pahlu Nala, north of the Cantonment. The

general slop of the land within the Doab is to the south-west and the area is an

HOW SIALKOT IS DIFFERENT FROM OTHER CITIES?


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active flood plain, although floods are to a large extent controlled by irrigation and

power generation works carried out on the Indian side of the border.

1.5. Geology and EcologyGeology - the area is underlain by Pleistocene deposits to a depth of severalthousand meters. The first 200metres of these deposits consist of approximately70% silty sand interspersed with limited clay layers. The strata are generallyheterogeneous with little vertical or lateral continuity. The historic centre ofSialkot is located between two seasonal watercourses, the Bhaid Nullah and the AikNullah. It occupies land that is elevated up to about 10 meters above thesurrounding areas. Apart from the central area, the city is generally flat. Overall,there is an east to west fall, from around 253 meters in the east to about 245meters in the west, an average fall of about 1 in 1000.

Ecology - the Sialkot District has been a part of the ecological zone called thornforest but with the introduction of extensive irrigation network of canals fordevelopment of agriculture, industrial development and urbanization has changedits biological features. Most of the part of the district is now agriculture zonewith human related or human dependent fauna and flora and for the most part ofthe district is now an agricultural zone.

About 2.17 % of the total area of the district is under human forest plantation oftrees of economic importance like Shisham, Keeker, Mulberry that are used inconstruction and making sports goods and furniture. Other introduced species areMesquite an invasive species and Safeda Sheesham Bohar and Bakain are also seenin and around the urban areas. The district Sialkot is the host of a variety of flora.The indigenous tress are Lasoora, Bairy, Siris, Keeker, Phali, Khajoor, Toot andPaper Mulberry These are commonly found along the edges of agricultural fields.About 54 km2 of the Bajwat region in the Sialkot District is the Bajwat GameReserve. About 16 km2 of the area around Marala Headworks is also protectedwithin the game reserve and is of considerable importance for wintering waterfowl.

Fortunately, from a planning perspective all development activities foreseen underPCIIP will be far away from these environmentally sensitive areas and willtherefore not be adversely affected by any of the proposed interventions.


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2. Urban Socio-economySialkot is located close to the Indian border some 125 km north of Lahore. It is amajor industrial centre, specializing in leather products, surgical instruments,

diesel engines, pharmaceuticals, steel rolling mills, textiles and sports goods.

There are at least 264 tanneries, 244 leather garment producing units, 900leather sports goods producing units, 57 rice husking mills and 14 flour mills in thecity. These industries produce significant quantities of highly polluted wastewater.

2.1. Population and DemographyThe population of the Sialkot city (Ex MC area and Cantonment) is estimated to be

about 550418 with an average population density of around 1160/km2. Historicallythe population growth rate at an average of 2.5% is relatively low compared to

other urban areas of Pakistan. This is illustrated by the fact that in 1941, Sialkot

was the 6th largest city in Pakistan (150,000) and in 1998 it was the 13th largest

City. The population mainly consists of Punjabis, Kashmiris and Pashtuns and Punjabi

is the main language of people. Sialkot has also attracted many laborers and other

entrepreneurs many of whom hail from Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal

Areas (FATA), notably from Bajaur and Mohmand who have set up vibrant business

throughout the area and the literacy rate is among the highest in Pakistan at 73%in urban areas and 54% in rural areas and employment in agriculture is only 19.5%

and 32% in elementary occupations.


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2.2. EconomyThe Per Capita Income of Sialkot in 2012 is $2800, which was $2400 in 2010 and

$2100 in 2008. Sialkot is the fourth largest economic hub in Punjab after Lahore,

Faisalabad and Gujranwala. It is commercially linked with the Lahore StockExchange through its Sialkot branch, known as the Sialkot Trading Floor (STF).

The State Bank of Pakistan and the Export Promotion Bureau of Pakistan has

branch offices in Sialkot. After Karachi, Sialkot is Pakistan's second largest

source of foreign exchange earnings through its exports and remittances from the

overseas manpower. For the past several decades, the manufacturers and

exporters of the city have been awarded the annual National Exports Award by the

Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry. Sialkot has an

Industrial Estate and an Export Processing Zone. Another Export Processing Zoneis planned along the Sialkot Lahore Motorway. The per capita income of Sialkot is

ranked among the highest in Pakistan.

The history of industrialization of Sialkot is very old. The Damascene craftsmen of

Sialkot (koftgars or koftars) were famous during the Mughal era for their fine

swords and daggers. Papermaking in Sialkot dates back to the time of the Mughal

Emperor Akbar which was famous all over the world. Brick making was another

historic skill of the people of the Sialkot and those bricks were known as the

"Sialkoti Bricks" throughout South Asia. Most of the states in the South Asian

region relied on the slender but strong Sialkoti brickslanateer for the erection of

forts, castles, monuments, public buildings, infrastructure construction, etc.

Sialkot is the world's largest producer of hand-sewed footballs, with local

factories manufacturing 40~60 million footballs a year, amounting to roughly 70%

of world production. There is a well-applied child labor ban, the Atlanta

Agreement, in the industry since a 1997 outcry. During the colonial era British

India's first bagpipe works opened in the city, today there are 20 pipe bands in

the city. Sialkot is also providing Dental Instruments, Surgical Instruments, Beauty

Instruments and other all sorts of Hospital Equipments. Other important

industries in Sialkot include Leather Tanneries, Leather Garments, Musical

Instruments, Surgical and Dental Instruments, Sportswear including Martial arts

wear, Gloves, Badges, Seat and Walking Sticks, Cutlery, Hunting Knives, Air guns


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and Shotguns. These are all export-oriented businesses and earn billions of dollars

every year in foreign exchange. There are several other allied industries which are

working day and night as vendors for the automobile industry of Pakistan. Sialkot

has also a rich tradition of producing wooden and steel furniture, rubber products,

cooking utensils, bicycles, their tires and tubes and shoes.

1. Urban Development1.1. Urbanization Historical Growth Patterns

Around the year 1797 AD, Sialkot was a small settlement centered on the Fort just northof Aik Nullah. Over the next 100 years it expanded slightly to the north, and a railway wasconstructed which crosses the city from east to west. After partition in the year 1947the city began to expand, mainly towards the north, as the Cantonment became moresignificant, and also towards the north-west in the direction of Bhaid Nullah.

By the 1970s, the city had significantly densified and expanded up to Bhaid Nullah, andsubstantial development of the area north of Bhaid Nullah, centered around theCantonment, had become much more pronounced. More recently, the city has grown in awestward direction along the major inter-city roads radiating out of Sialkot and along

Defense Road.

1.2. Sialkot City Land Use PatternsLand uses in Sialkot City are mixed, and in many cases incompatible. Sialkot would benefitfrom stronger land use controls, to prevent potentially harmful activities from beinglocated near residential areas and vice versa. Sialkot has very few green areas or parks,with the most prominent being Gulshan-e-Iqbal park, off Narowal Road, a park in theCantonment and the stadium. There is a need for more open spaces, more space forindustrial activities and a better-defined road network, in both core city and contiguous

areas.

The main land use patterns of Sialkot City are displayed in Figure 3 on the following page.Eleven arterial roads radiate out from the Sialkot City centre and link it with surroundingagricultural areas, other cities and Sialkot International Airport which lies about 20 km tothe west of the City Centre.

HOW THE URBAN THEORY APPLIED TO SIALKOT?


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1.3. Industrial Land UsesIndustries have developed in a ribbon pattern along all of the north, west andsouth radial roads, as have housing estates. Agricultural communities close to the

roads and to industries are fast becoming urbanised. Whereas industrial land useswithin the central city are scattered throughout the area in Wazirabad Road and inthe small Industries estates along Haji Pura, Daska, Emanabad, Narowal, Defense,Kullowal roads and north of the Railway Station. Commercial land uses, onceconcentrated in the area around the fort, are now found in outlying areas such asDefense Rd., Paris Rd., Saddar in the Cantonment and along major roads. There areabout 3,000 large, medium and selected small industries in Sialkot District, some locatedin the central city areas and many along the arterial roads leading out of the city.Together, they employ about 22,300 persons. Industries located along Gujranwala Roadinclude Redo factory, Micro Corporation, Europlus, Saga Sports, Taj Mahal Factory, Phonix

Cutlery, Remix Factory, Tata Sports, Motor Bike Apparel, numerous leather goodsfactories, Awan Sports, Taylon Industries, Pakol Industry and many more. Sambrial Roadhas significant tanneries along it, particularly between the two canals, east of the DryPort. On Pasrur Road, there are mixed land uses along the segment closer to Sialkot urbanarea, but there are many rice mills along the outer segments of this road. There arehowever no significant developments along Eminabad Road and Zafarwal Road outside urbanlimits.

There is an industrial complex in Sambrial, in vicinity of the airport. This includes anexport processing zone, a dry port and a number of industries around it and all along

Wazirabad Road, which passes through Sambrial. These industrial developments, as statedearlier, are near the airport. An industrial estate for tanneries is also proposed near theairport. For this purpose, an area of 155 hectares (384 acres) has been acquired.

1.4. CommercialThe city has a number of commercial areas including the area immediately north of theFort. In addition to the older, more traditional areas high-end commercial, financial andrelated activities have been developed, making the city, once single-centered on thecommercial areas around the fort, now multi-cantered.

1.5. InstitutionalInstitutional land uses are also prominent, in areas such as Katchary Road, BeetshaniaHospital, Allama Iqbal Memorial Hospital, the WAPDA offices and similar areas.


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1.6. Open SpaceSialkot has very few green areas or parks, with the most prominent being Gulshan-e- Iqbal

park, off Narowal Road, a park in the Cantonment and the stadium. As the urban population

increases and along with that, urban densities, the need to aspire to setting open space

standards and reserving lands to meet these ambitions, becomes increasingly urgent.

2. Urban Infrastructure2.1. Water Supply

Sialkots water supply is good by Pakistan standards. There are about 42,000 connections

in the town (39,000 domestic), which serve about 65% of the population within the oldMunicipal Corporation limits but only about 35% of the urban population, excluding the

Cantonment. There are approximately 5,500 connections in the Cantonment, covering anestimated 38,500 people or about 47.5% of the civilian .population of the Cantonment.The TMA estimates that the existing distribution system covers about 70% of the areawithin the pre-2001 municipal limits. The available information on the extent ofdistribution mains suggests that the potential coverage within the pre-2001 municipallimits is close to 100%. The difference between the area and population coverage in thisarea suggests that there is scope to make new connections within it. There are currentlyno connections outside the pre-2001 municipal limits so there is greater scope forproviding new connections in this area.

2.2. Sewerage, Drainage and Wastewater DisposalSialkot is partly sewered and partly served by open and covered drains. The sewers are inpoor condition and blocked in many places. The main system served the centre of the cityand the area to the west, discharging to a 54diameter trunk sewer along Roras Road.

Sialkot has a fairly well-developed educational infrastructure that comprises a sub-campus of the Fatima Jinnah Women University, a sub-campus of the Virtual Universityof Pakistan, 8 Degree Colleges for Women, 5 Degree Colleges for Men, 2 Cadet Colleges,6 Commerce Colleges, one Law College, one Medical College, one Homeopathic MedicalCollege, one Nursing School, one Para- Medical School, one Poly-Technic Institute, with

numerous Inter Colleges, Higher Secondary Schools and over 250 High Schools. TheUniversity of Engineering Sciences and Technology (UEST) was recently established incollaboration with the Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden on the Sialkot LahoreMotorway and will also incorporate the development of a Technology Park.


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Unfortunately the main pumping stations serving the city centre system are no longeroperationally effective and as a result much of the wastewater from the city centre isbeing discharged via a covered drain.

Two further pumping stations are provided to pump wastewater into the Bhaid Nullah

during monsoon conditions but it appears that these pumping stations are requiredinfrequently. There is no separate storm system. Roadside drains along main roads aredescribed as storm drains but actually carry both storm and foul flows.

2.3. Solid Waste ManagementSialkots solid waste management (SWM) system is in a state of disarray. Of the 125,000

tons per year of municipal solid waste generated, only 25 percent enters the municipal

waste system, leaving 75 percent of the population without waste collection. Practically all

municipal waste is either burned, dumped or buried illicitly on vacant land throughout thecity, causing significant environmental damage and posing a health hazard.

3. Transport3.1. Road Networks

Sialkot is about two hours from Lahore and four hours from Islamabad. Sialkot is linkedwith the National Highway N-5 through Gujranwala and Wazirabad. A dual carriage-way isavailable between Sialkot and Wazirabad. A new bridge on the Chenab River, called the

Shahbazpur Bridge, is under construction these days which is located to the north-east ofGujrat. Once completed, it will connect Sialkot to N-5 at Gujrat. The Sialkot LahoreMotorway (M-11) is also under construction. All the bus and commuter coach stations arelocated on the Jail Road. A bus service operated by Daewoo Express is available fromSialkot to Rawalpindi, Lahore, Gujranwala and Multan

3.2. Public TransportRecently, public transport has been launched in Sialkot on one route which circle around thecity. SCCI Sialkot Chamber of Commerce & Industry has signed an MOU with American

bus company FOTON to provide air-conditioned local transport to the citizens with CNGfuel. However main mode of transport within the city at present is the auto rickshaw.Although no proper taxi service exists in the city, there are many rent-a-car serviceoutlets.


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3.3. Traffic ManagementAlthough the road network in the city is well developed and recently executed roadimprovements carried through joint efforts of Sialkot Chambers of Commerce andIndustry (SCCI) and the Government has resulted in improved road surface conditions inmost of city areas, the main problems lies in traffic management. Road junction layouts,utilization of road space, absence of pedestrian facilities, uncontrolled road side parkingand absence of enforcement of traffic regulatory control measures result in congestionand . Additionally, irrespective of the public transit initiative referenced above, publictransport overall is inadequately developed with only two formal bus routes operating inthe city.

3.4. Rail TransportSialkot is served by Pakistan Railways through the Sialkot Junction. Sialkot used to be ajunction in the British era with trains leaving for Jammu and Gurdaspur. Plans are underconsideration to open the border for an international train between Sialkot and Jammu.Express trains to and from Narowal, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, Multan, Bahawalpurand Karachi are available daily. The Railway station is situated in the centre of the city.Other suburban train stations are Ugoki and Sambrial.

3.5. Air TransportSialkot International Airport is the first-ever private-sector airport of Pakistan

managed by the SIAL consortium. It is located near Sambrial and is noted forhaving the longest runway in Pakistan. Direct flights are available from SialkotInternational Airport to Karachi, Islamabad, Abu Dhabi Sharjah & London, MuscatKuwait, Dubai & Jeddah. Pakistan International Airlines has plans to start non-stopflights from Sialkot to Manchester, London & Barcellona & Hajj flights havestarted from the Sialkot International Airport last year in 2009. Emirates is alsoexpected to start flights in mid-2010 to Dubai. Airblue will operate on domestic routesto Islamabad, Multan and Karachi in mid-2010.

A small Sialkot Cantonment Airport, located in the Sialkot Cantonment, is in use ofthe aviation wing of the Pakistan Army. This airport has also been used as a publicairport by PIA for operating a Helicopter service from Sialkot to Islamabad in1995- 1996.


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3.6. Dry PortSialkot Dry Port carries the honour of being the first-ever private-sector dry port in Asia.

It was established in 1986 near Sambrial, about 20 km from the Sialkot city under the

control of the Sialkot Dry Port Trust.

SPORTS INDUSTRY 100,000 WORKERS

SURGICAL INSTRUMENT INDUSTRY 80,000 WORKERS

LEATHER INDUSTRY 30, 000 WORKERS

Sialkot is Pakistan's second largest source of foreign exchange earnings through

its exports and remittances from overseas manpower. It is an export-oriented

city, where development of local cottage industries has assumed a model status for

the developing world. The city is populated by thousands of small and medium-scale

entrepreneurs engaged in production. Among them, three industries are dominant,

i.e., leather goods, surgical goods and sports goods. Almost every item produced in

Sialkot is exported to international markets, due to which Sialkot earns US$1.2billion in exports annually.

Almost 60% of the total exports of Sialkot are carried out via Sialkots dry port,

while 40% is exported from other ports like Lahore, Islamabad, Karachi, etc.

1. Sports Goods IndustryThe city of Sialkot has been a centre of excellence for the production of sports

goods for more than 100 years. The first record of manufacturing sports goods inSialkot can be traced back to 1883 with products such as cricket bats, hockey

sticks, and polo sticks. Today, the sports goods sector of Sialkot has acquired an

important place in the international trade of sports goods.

There are over 3,000 small and medium-sized sports goods industrial units, and

some 50 well established industries functioning in and around Sialkot. SCCI has

INDUSTRIES OF SIALKOT EMPLOY THE MOST PEOPLE


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2,002 members that are registered as sports goods and sportswear

manufacturers. The sports goods industry is a labor-intensive industry, providing

direct and indirect job opportunities to about 100,000 workers.

Presently the sports goods industry of Sialkot is supplying products to almostevery country of the world, directly or indirectly. Total exports of sports goods

from Sialkot amounted to US$170 million in 2009, while the export of sportswear

was worth US$305 million. This city caters to more than 70% of the total world

demand for hand-stitched inflatable soccer balls, i.e., around 40 million balls

annually, worth US$210 million. During the peak season, which repeats every four

years on the occasion of the Football World Cup, the production of inflatable balls

exceeds 60 million per annum.

The product range includes soccer balls, volley balls, rugby balls, beach balls,

exercise balls, cricket balls, hockey balls, base balls, tennis balls, shuttle cocks,

nets, gloves, hockey sticks, cricket bats, base ball bats, protective guards, pads,

sportswear etc. Adidas, Nike, Puma, Select, Lotto, Umbro, Mitre, Micassa, Diadora,

Wilsons, and Decathlon are some of the world renowned brands that outsource a

large portion of their production to Sialkot firms.

2. Surgical InstrumentsThis industry represents manufacturers and exporters of surgical instruments,

dental instruments, veterinary instruments, tailoring scissors, barber salon

scissors and beauty salon instruments.

The surgical industry of Sialkot has a history of more than 100 years, when British

doctors began to get their surgical instruments repaired from the skilled workers

of the region. These craftsmen eventually began to successfully replicate the

imported instruments. When Sialkot started exporting surgical instruments, for

the improvement of the standard, the Metal Industries Development Centre(MIDC) was established by the Government in 1941.

In 1947, Sialkot inherited 17 registered surgical instruments manufacturers.

Today, there are about 2200 large, small, and medium units with labor force

ranging from 5 to 500 employees that are involved in this industry as either


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manufacturers or vendors. Many of the large setups have offices and joint

ventures in importing countries. SCCIs list of members registered as surgical

instruments manufacturers includes 1,949 firms that employ roughly 80,000

workersand exported US$278 million worth of merchandise in 2009.

Sialkots surgical instruments industry exports more than 95% of its production,

which includes 60% of disposable and 40% of reusable surgical instruments, i.e. 100

million instruments annually. Its exports are made to over 140 countries, while the

US, Germany, UK, France, Italy and UAE are the biggest customers. Currently

Sialkot is producing 2,000 surgical instruments of various types for worldwide

exports.

3. LeatherSialkots leather garments and accessories sector is another crucial foreign

exchange earner for the country. This sector is mainly scattered in two cities

namely Sialkot and Karachi. In Sialkot approximately 30,000 workersare employed

in this industry. According to SICCIs list of members, 426 firms are registered as

leather garments manufacturers, while 592 firms are registered as gloves

manufacturers. Exports of leather products were worth US$383 million in 2009,

while gloves exports were worth US$212 million.


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Sialkot has an Export Processing Zonethe countrys second EPZ which wasset up at Sambrial on the Sialkot-Wazirabad Road with a huge investment of

Rs.184 million, generated through private entrepreneurs. The EPZ is spread

over an area of 238 acres, and there are 881 plots ranging from 4 kanals to 10

marlas in size. The land is priced at US$5.21 per sq. meter. Another EPZ is

planned along the Sialkot-Lahore Motorway. These zones offer various

facilities, including:

ADVERTISEMENT TO ATTRACT RETAIL INVESTORS

100% ownership rights. One stop service, including customs clearance. Duty-free import of machinery, equipment and

materials. No duty on any material used in the

construction of buildings.

Freedom from national import and exchange controlregulations of Pakistan.

No restrictions on repatriation of capital and profits.

No sales tax on input goods including electricity/gasbills.

No minimum or maximum limit for investment. Obsolete/old machinery can be sold in the domestic

market after payment of applicable duties and taxes.

Defective goods/waste can be sold in domestic market

after payment of applicable duties, maximum up to 3%

of the total value of export. Duty free vehicles allowed under certain conditions.

After 5 years of use, vehicles can be disposed off in

the domestic market on payment of duty.


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Strong logistic Infrastructures: dry port, international airport, industrialestates and export processing zones. Good connectivity to the major urban

centers of Lahore, Gujranwala, and Faisalabad and Rawalpindi by Rail and Road.

Sialkot Dry Portwas established by the private sector in 1984 by 52 reputedbusinessmen of Sialkot and has the honour of pioneering the concept of aprivately owned dry port in Asia. The main aim of this Dry Port was to providethe facility of Customs Clearance to the exporters and importers of this regionat their door step.

Sialkot International Airporthas the distinction of being the first privately-owned public airport in Pakistan and South Asia, and of having the longest

runway in the region. There are direct flights to London as well as several cities

in the Middle East from this airport. The airport represents a welcomeconvenience for local and foreign business executives and other air-travelers by

saving them from long road journeys from distant international airports in

Lahore and Islamabad.

Sialkot Airport is situated at a ten minutes drive from Sambrial Dry Port, and

25 minutes drive from Sialkot main city. Furthermore, Gujranwala, another

important industrial city, is also located just forty minutes drive away from

the airport. Currently, trains to Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Narowal and Karachi are

available daily. There are also plans to open the border for an international

train between Sialkot and Jammu.

Sialkot is attached with the National Highway (N-5) through Gujranwala andWazirabad. From Lahore, Sialkot is about 2 hours of driving, while from

Islamabad, it is about 4 hours of driving. Bus services are available from

Rawalpindi, Lahore, Gujranwala and Multan.

After Karachi, Sialkot is Pakistan's second largest source of foreign exchangeearnings through its exports and remittances from the overseas manpower.


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Sialkot is famous all over the world because of its sports equipment andsurgicalinstruments manufacturing industry.

Sialkot has a fairly well-developed educational infrastructure that comprises aUniversity of Engineering Sciences and Technology (planned in cooperation

with Sweden) a sub-campus of the Fatima Jinnah Women University, a sub-

campus of the Virtual University of Pakistan, and more than twenty colleges.

There are eleven technical/vocational training institutions located in Sialkot,

and the average number of students enrolled every year in these institutions is

5,257.

REFERENCES

Punjab Development Statistics 2013 Sialkot Census Report 1998 Pakistan Crime Monitor Report February 2013 Urban Planning Report Sialkot Sialkot Regional Profile Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MICS Punjab 2007-0


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urban eco- sialkot

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