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Service Safety Quality Innovation

Assessment of Corrosion under Insulation and Engineered Composite Wraps using

Pulsed Eddy Current Techniques.

• Introductions

• Brief overview of TRAC Oil & Gas Ltd.

• Factors affecting Probability of Detection - Review

• Perceived current challenges

• NDT methods to be verified – Overview and work

carried out to date:

• Radiography,

• Pulsed Eddy-Current (PEC)

Presentation Outline

Established in 1999:

Incorporated in Scotland, based initially in Aberdeen. 10 years of growth & diversification. 2009 creation of group & subsidiary companies.

Group turnover circa £50m.

Steady state and controlled growth for initial 10 years, accelerated growth following 2009 reorganisation.

TRAC Oil & Gas:

Turnover circa £15m

Rope Access

Engineering Support

Inspection & Testing

Remote Inspection

Marine Class Survey& Repair

Mechanical & Electrical Trades

Rigging & Lifting

Fabric Maintenance

Fire Protection Systems

Training

Rope Access

Engineering Support

Inspection & Testing

Remote Inspection

Marine Class Survey& Repair

Mechanical & Electrical Trades

Rigging & Lifting

Fabric Maintenance

Fire Protection Systems

Training

ServicesServices

ICORR Symposium on Atmospheric Corrosion in Industrial Applications April 2018 Warrington

Accreditations & Approvals

ISO 9001: 2008 ISO 14001: 2004 ISO 18001: 2007 ISO 17020:2012

Full Member

Accreditations

Memberships & Affiliations

Class Approvals & Hull Thickness Measurement Approvals

402a 402b


Perceived Current Challenges

In-Service Inspection relative to:

• Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)• Evaluation of Remaining Wall Thickness

under Blisters/Surface Scabs• Inspection of and through Composite

Engineered Wraps


Perceived Current Challenges

ICORR Symposium on Atmospheric Corrosion in Industrial Applications April 2018 Warrington 8

Competency of the Company & Personnel Well developed and verified procedures Appropriate Acceptance Criteria Effective scanning of the component -• Area of the reflecting surface Orientation of the defect Shape of the defect

Factors Affecting Probability of Detection (POD)


What are we looking for & how do we know we will find it?

This is the pre-requisite for all Inspection / NDT activities.

Identify what the degradation process is likely to be and apply the most appropriate method/technique to find and quantify it.

Verify the procedure under site conditions – coating / surface condition, real degradation – not artificial flaws or verify that the artificial flaws truly represent the expected degradation.

NDT personnel competent to carry out the activities?

Certification is not a measure of competence

Project consists of:

• Market survey and evaluation of Pulsed Eddy-Current equipment available.

• Source relevant in-service samples with typical and varied degradation

• In-House research to be verified by competent Third Parties

• Research and source suitable additional and/or alternatives to Pulsed Eddy-current techniques

• Research and trial suggested innovative methods

Project Outline

Market survey and evaluation of Pulsed Eddy-Current equipment available.

In total three (3) Pulsed Eddy-Current systems were evaluated.

Two systems were found to be relevant to our project.

These were Eddyfi Lyft and Maxwell PECT


Eddyfi LYFT Instrument

• Materials:

Carbon steel

• Lift-off range:

up to 300mm (12”)

• Wall thickness:

up to 100mm (4”)

• Weather jackets:Aluminium, stainless steel, galvanised steel• Probe:PEC-089-G2-HT05SFootprint 95.2 mmCircumferential Footprint 124.5mm


MAXWELL PECT Instrument

• Materials:Carbon steel and low-alloyed steel

• Lift-off range:0 – 250 mm (0-10”)

• Wall thickness range:3 – 50 mm (0.12”-2”)

• Insulation covers:Non metal, aluminium and stainless insulation covers; limited galvanised weather sheeting


Due to our positive experiences offshore using radiographic techniques we introduced this method to the project. Examples below:

Radiography


Radiography


Radiography

Initial trials with Sentinel QSA Global Open Vision equipment.

Unsuccessful due to Safety issues


Radiography

Two Digital Detector Array (DDA) systems were evaluated

Little or no difference in technical performance


The project continued combining Pulsed Eddy-Current & Digital Radiography


PEC Probe

Phase 3 The reception phase during which magnetic sensors measure the decay of the eddy currents as they diffuse into the material thickness

Phase 2 The cut-off phase which induces strong eddy currents into the component Whenthe magnetic field emission is stopped abruptly

Phase 1 The emission phase (the pulse) during which the probe injects magnetic fieldsthat penetrate and stabilize in the component thickness

Principles PEC


Footprint Definition

• The footprint is the sensitivity area of the probe on the inspected component.

• The size of the footprint is affected by:• The probe size and configuration• The coating\insulation thickness• The jacket material• The WT of the component


PEC v UT


PEC v UT• Averaging Effect

• Point 1 a Dip

• Point 2 A Peak

• Point 3 PEC Averaging

1

2

3


Initial Work

Sample : Pipe OD 323mm

Thickness: 8.3mm

Length 1200mm

Engineered Composite Wrap 9mm

• Sample inspected after being removed from service (picture 1)

• After inspection a section of pipe was cut and the ID exposed to reveal a large scabbed area after initial cleaning. (picture 2)

(Pic 1)

(Pic 2)


Initial Work

• The Pipe was sent for cleaning and on return reviled the sever corrosion on the ID at what was the 6 O’clock position (picture 3)

(Pic 3)


Initial Work – Anomaly Report

• The original anomaly report identified two areas

• Area of anomaly A 80mm x 30mm 6 o’clock position 5.2mm minimum

• Area of anomaly B 20mm x 30mm 6 o’clock position 4.9mm minimum


Initial Work – PEC Results

• PEC Results show large area of general wall loss containing deep pitting along the length. The minimum reading recorded by the PEC 4.2mm.

(picture 3)

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 110.0 120.0 130.0 140.0 150.0 160.0 170.0 180.0 190.0 200.0 210.0 220.0 230.0 240.0 250.0 260.0 270.0 280.0 290.0 300.0 310.0 320.0 330.0 340.0 350.0 360.0 370.0 380.0 390.0 400.0 410.0 420.0 430.0 440.0 450.0 460.0 470.0 480.0 490.0 500.0 510.0 520.0 530.0 540.0 550.0 560.0 570.0 580.0 590.0 600.0 610.0 620.0 630.0 640.0 650.0 660.0 670.0 680.0 690.0 700.0 710.0 720.0 730.0 740.0 750.0 760.0 770.0 780.0 790.0 800.0 810.0 820.0 830.0 840.0 850.0 860.0 870.0 880.0 890.0 900.00.0 7.2 7.8 7.3 7.4 7.8 8.1 7.9 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.3 7.7 7.9 7.8 8.2 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.3 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.0 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.2 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.8 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.9 7.5 8.1 8.0 8.3 7.1 7.7 7.3 7.5 7.4 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.4 7.5 7.4 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.625.3 6.9 7.5 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.4 8.3 7.1 7.8 7.5 7.8 7.5 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.6 7.1 7.5 7.7 8.2 7.8 7.5 7.2 6.9 7.9 7.6 8.1 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.7 7.1 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.8 7.7 8.0 8.3 7.9 8.2 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.9 8.2 7.8 8.4 8.1 7.9 7.7 8.2 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.1 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.9 7.5 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.750.7 7.7 6.7 7.5 7.2 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.1 7.1 6.9 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.5 6.8 6.6 6.9 7.1 7.8 7.0 7.4 7.0 6.7 6.9 6.9 7.4 7.0 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.1 7.4 7.0 7.1 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.3 7.7 7.4 7.7 8.0 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.5 7.6 7.5 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.9 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.7 7.4 7.6 7.3 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.0 7.6 7.5 7.976.0 6.9 6.8 7.5 6.8 7.1 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.5 7.1 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.5 6.9 6.4 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.1 5.9 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.6 6.2 6.4 6.5 7.0 6.9 7.2 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.2 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.9 7.2 6.8 6.8 6.5 7.1 7.1 7.4 7.3 7.5 7.0 7.1 6.8 7.2 7.0 7.3 7.2 7.7 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.5 7.0 7.3 7.1 7.1 7.9 7.4 7.5 7.3 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.1 7.7 7.0 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.6101.4 6.6 5.9 6.2 5.9 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.7 5.8 6.4 5.5 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.7 6.2 5.6 5.6 5.9 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.1 5.9 6.5 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.5 7.1 7.0 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.0 6.1 6.5 6.1 6.6 5.7 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.6 7.0 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.5 7.0 7.1 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.8 7.2 7.2 7.2 6.8 6.8 7.0 6.9 7.0 6.9 7.2 7.2 7.1 6.9 6.4 6.5 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.3 6.7 7.0 7.1 6.8 7.2 7.1 6.9 7.0126.7 5.6 5.8 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.4 6.4 6.7 6.0 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.1 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.9 5.0 5.9 5.9 6.1 5.0 5.8 6.2 5.8 5.2 5.9 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.1 5.8 5.4 4.8 5.7 5.9 5.8 6.1 6.3 5.7 5.9 5.7 6.3 5.9 5.9 6.2 5.5 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.1 6.5 6.1 6.7 6.0 5.9 5.6 6.1 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.6 6.3 7.1152.1 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.7 5.9 5.7 6.1 5.8 6.0 5.3 5.0 5.4 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.6 5.5 5.7 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.7 5.6 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.7 6.1 6.2 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.4 4.9 4.7 4.8 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.1 5.5 5.8 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.3 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.2 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.7 5.8 6.1 6.4 6.0 5.6 6.0 6.0 5.3 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.1177.4 4.8 4.9 5.2 4.2 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.0 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.2 4.3 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.2 4.4 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.6 4.9 4.9 5.5 5.4 5.9 5.7 5.6 6.1 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.6 4.8 5.4 5.6 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.7 5.5 4.8 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.2 4.8 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.8 5.3 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.4 5.8 6.0 6.1 5.9 5.7202.8 5.6 4.1 4.6 4.8 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.4 4.6 5.6 5.3 5.6 4.8 4.9 4.3 5.1 5.5 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.0 5.8 5.6 5.8 4.6 5.4 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.7 5.1 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.5 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.2 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.3 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.8 6.1 6.2 6.3 5.6 5.7 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.3 6.3228.1 5.4 5.4 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.3 4.8 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.7 4.6 5.6 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.4 5.0 5.7 6.2 5.9 5.4 5.3 4.9 5.8 5.9 5.7 6.4 5.7 5.8 5.4 5.2 6.2 5.9 5.9 6.2 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.8 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.5 5.2 6.2 6.4 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.8 6.5 6.8 6.8253.5 6.2 3.3 6.1 5.4 5.9 5.5 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.4 5.1 6.5 6.2 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.0 4.7 5.2 5.5 5.1 6.1 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.3 5.8 5.9 6.2 6.0 6.1 5.2 6.3 5.7 5.4 5.9 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.5 6.6 5.7 6.2 5.5 6.2 4.7 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.6 5.7 6.1 4.6 5.8 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.7 6.0 6.2 6.2 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.4 6.1 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.9 7.1 7.0 7.5278.8 5.6 6.5 6.8 6.9 5.8 6.5 6.1 5.9 6.4 6.6 6.9 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.3 5.5 6.7 6.9 7.0 6.8 5.8 5.7 5.8 6.1 6.5 6.9 7.0 6.9 5.8 6.8 6.1 7.0 5.8 6.9 7.5 7.3 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.4 7.5 7.3 6.4 7.1 6.6 6.6 7.1 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.8 6.2 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.4 6.5 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.2 6.5 6.8 7.1 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.5304.2 6.7 6.3 6.6 7.2 6.7 7.0 7.3 7.7 7.1 7.3 6.7 6.9 6.8 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.0 5.8 5.6 6.4 7.2 7.1 7.9 7.7 6.3 7.1 6.6 7.0 7.4 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.4 6.9 7.1 6.9 7.6 7.9 7.8 6.6 7.2 7.0 7.0 7.2 7.6 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.3 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.9 7.0 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.8 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.8 6.8 7.1 7.3 7.7 8.2 7.1 7.0 7.2 7.6 8.5 8.2329.5 6.8 7.5 6.5 7.4 7.5 6.7 7.2 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.0 7.8 6.7 6.8 7.5 6.5 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.0 7.4 6.8 6.8 7.1 7.6 7.7 8.1 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.1 6.9 7.7 7.9 8.2 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.2 8.0 8.6 8.1 8.3 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.7 8.1 8.1 7.8 8.0 7.4 7.1 7.0 6.9 7.1 7.2 7.4 6.7 6.2 6.4 6.2 6.6 6.1 6.5 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.4 7.0 7.0 7.2 6.8 7.8 8.3 7.7 7.6 7.8 7.6 7.5354.9 7.6 7.2 7.6 6.7 7.1 7.6 7.4 8.1 7.6 7.1 7.5 6.7 7.5 6.9 7.6 7.8 7.5 7.8 7.0 7.4 6.7 7.2 7.7 7.7 8.1 8.2 7.7 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.4 8.2 8.2 7.9 7.8 8.1 7.6 7.3 7.9 8.0 7.8 8.0 7.3 8.5 7.6 7.4 8.4 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.4 7.4 6.9 7.0 7.2 6.7 7.2 6.8 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.7 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.2 5.9 6.4 6.4 6.7 6.9 7.2 7.0 7.0 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.0 8.4 8.2

3 O’clock

6 O’clock

9 O’clock


Inspection carried out on off-shore facility

Sample : Pipe OD 798mm

Thickness: 6.35mm

Length 750mm

Engineered Composite Wrap 9mm

• Sample inspected off shore still in service. (picture 1)

(picture 1)

Example 1


• The original anomaly report identified many areas of wall loss

• All anomaly's predominantly between 3-9 O’clock positions

• Minimum reading Location 1 3.8mm

• Minimum Reading Location 2 3,6mm

(picture 3)

Example 1


• PEC Results show large area of general wall loss containing deep pitting along the length. The minimum reading recorded by the PEC 4.2mm.

0.0 14.8 29.6 44.4 59.3 74.1 88.9 103.7 118.5 133.3 148.1 163.0 177.8 192.6 207.4 222.2 237.0 251.9 266.7 281.5 296.3 311.1 325.9 340.7 355.6 370.4 385.2 400.0 414.8 429.6 444.4 459.3 474.1 488.9 503.7 518.5 533.3 548.1 563.0 577.8 592.6 607.4 622.2 637.0 651.9 666.7 681.5 696.3 711.1 725.9 740.7

848.7 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.2 5.9 5.7 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.1 6.1 5.6 5.2

808.2 5.8 5.7 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.3 5.1 5.9 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.2

767.8 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.6 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.3 4.8 4.4 4.7

727.4 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.5 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.5

687.0 3.5 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.2

646.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.4 4.1 4.4

606.2 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.2

565.8 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.1 4.3

525.4 4.1 4.0 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.4 4.8 4.4 4.4

484.9 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.4

444.5 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 4.2 4.5 4.4

404.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.8

363.7 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.7 4.0 4.4 4.2 4.3

323.3 4.6 4.7 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.2

282.9 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.5 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.2

242.5 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.7

202.1 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 5.0 4.8 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.7

161.6 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.9

121.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.0

80.8 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.1 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.6 5.8 5.5

40.4 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.5 5.3 5.3

0.0 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.1 5.9 5.3 5.2 5.4

12 O’clock

3 O’clock

6 O’clock

9 O’clock

Location One Location Two

Example 1


Table shows 14 test point inspected off shore in service.

UT & PEC Comparisons

Line ID Test PointNom Min Reading Difference Indication Position

(mm) UT (mm) PEC (mm) (mm) UT PEC

2" Test Point 12 3.9 2.4 2.7 -0.3 6 o'clock 5-10 o'clock

2" Test Point 2 3.9 2 2.9 -0.9 not identified 4-10 o'clock

2" Test Point 3 3.9 2 2.7 -0.7 not identified 4-10 o'clock


4" Test Point 19 6.02 2 3.6 -1.6 8 o'clock 4-8 o'clock



8" Test Point 11 8.2 3.5 3.5 0 6 o'clock 5-8 o'clock

10" Test Point 6 6.35 3.7 3.3 0.4 3-6 o'clock full circ

10" Test Point 1 6.35 3.8 3.4 0.4 3-9 o'clock 2-10 o'clock

10" Test Point 2 6.35 3.6 3.5 0.1 3-9 o'clock 2-10 o'clock

10" Test Point 11 6.35 3 3.9 -0.9 1-5 o'clock, 8-11 o'clock full circ

12" Test Point 48 8.38 1 3.3 -2.3 6 o'clock 6 o'clock

12" Test Point 49 8.38 1 3.5 -2.5 6 o'clock 6 o'clock


Example 2

• Nominal 7.92mm

• PEC (48% Remaining) 3,8mm

• Measured remaining beforewrap applied 3mm


Example 3

• Pitting with leak path through to wrap PEC detected 68% remaining (pit approx. 10 mm diameter hole approx. 5mm)


Example 4


Example 4

• A-scan for Position E9

• Red line calibration White Line the A-scanfor the reading Notice they follow thesame path until the white A-scan falls off4ms


Example 5

• Remaining wall measured through blister then blister removed.

• PEC measured 7.2 remaining

• UT measured 6.8


PEC, Radiography & Scanning


Example 6


Example 6

Section 0-24


Example 6

Section 36-68


Example 6

Section 74-100


Example 7


Example 7

Section 22-54


Example 7 - PEC Results

Section 10-42

AB

CD

EF

GH

IJ

KL

MN

OP

Q

mm0

2040

6080

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

10

6.76.6

7.07.3

7.07.1

7.06.9

6.96.7

6.97.0

7.17.1

7.17.3

7.1

220

6.96.8

6.97.1

6.96.9

6.86.7

6.66.5

6.46.6

6.66.6

6.76.7

6.8

340

7.26.9

6.77.0

7.07.0

7.06.9

6.96.8

6.76.8

6.76.7

6.76.8

7.0

460

7.36.9

7.07.2

7.27.2

7.17.1

7.06.9

6.97.0

6.96.9

6.86.9

7.0

580

7.47.1

7.17.3

7.27.2

7.17.1

7.17.1

7.07.1

7.17.1

7.07.0

6.9

6100

7.67.3

7.27.2

7.17.1

7.17.1

7.17.1

7.17.2

7.27.2

7.17.1

7.1

7120

7.67.5

7.47.3

7.17.1

7.17.1

7.17.1

7.17.2

7.37.3

7.17.2

7.2

8140

7.67.7

7.67.4

7.27.2

7.27.0

7.07.0

7.17.3

7.37.3

7.27.3

7.3

9160

7.57.7

7.77.5

7.47.3

7.37.1

7.17.0

7.07.1

7.27.3

7.57.3

7.3

10180

7.47.6

7.67.6

7.57.5

7.57.2

7.27.0

6.97.1

7.17.2

7.27.3

7.3

11200

7.37.4

7.57.6

7.37.6

7.57.4

7.37.2

7.07.1

7.17.1

7.17.2

7.2

12220

7.37.4

7.47.5

7.37.6

7.57.5

7.57.4

7.27.2

7.27.1

7.17.1

7.1

13240

7.47.4

7.47.4

7.27.5

7.47.5

7.57.5

7.37.3

7.37.3

7.27.1

7.1

14260

7.47.4

7.47.3

7.27.2

7.27.4

7.37.4

7.57.5

7.57.4

7.37.2

7.1

15280

7.57.5

7.57.3

7.27.1

7.17.1

7.17.2

7.37.5

7.57.5

7.57.3

7.3

16300

7.47.5

7.57.4

7.37.1

7.17.0

7.07.0

7.17.3

7.47.5

7.47.5

7.4

17320

7.27.5

7.57.5

7.47.2

7.27.1

7.17.1

7.07.1

7.27.3

7.57.5

7.5

18340

7.27.4

7.57.4

7.47.4

7.37.2

7.27.1

7.17.1

7.17.2

7.37.3

7.3

19360

7.27.3

7.47.4

7.57.4

7.37.2

7.37.2

7.17.2

7.17.2

7.27.1

7.1

20380

7.37.3

7.37.4

7.47.4

7.37.3

7.27.3

7.27.1

7.17.2

7.17.0

7.1

21400

7.37.3

7.37.3

7.37.2

7.27.2

7.27.2

7.17.2

7.27.2

7.17.0

7.0

22420

7.47.3

7.37.1

7.06.9

6.97.0

7.07.1

7.07.0

7.07.0

7.17.0

7.0

23440

7.57.4

7.26.8

6.76.5

6.56.5

6.86.8

6.66.5

6.36.1

6.76.9

7.0

24460

7.37.3

7.06.6

6.36.1

5.95.8

5.96.1

6.06.2

6.36.1

6.26.7

7.0

25480

7.27.1

6.86.6

6.25.8

5.65.4

5.65.6

5.86.1

6.46.4

6.46.7

7.0

26500

7.17.0

6.86.5

6.15.6

5.14.9

4.95.1

5.76.1

6.36.5

6.66.8

7.0

27520

7.16.9

6.76.4

6.05.5

5.25.1

5.15.1

5.86.1

6.46.5

6.76.8

7.0

28540

7.16.9

6.86.4

6.15.7

5.55.3

5.25.4

6.06.2

6.46.5

6.66.7

6.8

29560

7.37.1

6.86.4

6.25.9

5.75.6

5.65.7

6.16.3

6.46.5

6.66.7

6.7

30580

7.27.0

6.86.6

6.46.1

5.95.9

5.85.8

6.16.4

6.46.6

6.76.7

6.7

31600

6.96.8

6.86.6

6.56.3

6.16.0

6.05.9

6.26.3

6.46.5

6.76.9

6.7

32620

6.66.8

6.86.7

6.66.4

6.26.0

6.06.0

6.26.3

6.56.7

6.96.8

6.8

33640

6.47.0

6.96.7

6.46.2

6.16.1

6.16.2

6.46.7

6.87.0

6.86.9

34660

6.37.0

6.86.7

6.46.3

6.36.3

6.16.0

6.46.4

6.56.8

6.77.0

35680

6.46.8

6.66.5

6.46.5

6.56.4

6.46.6

6.56.5

6.76.8

6.77.2


7.37.3

7.37.3

7.37.2

7.27.2

7.27.2

7.17.2

7.27.2

7.17.0

7.0

7.47.3

7.37.1

7.06.9

6.97.0

7.07.1

7.07.0

7.07.0

7.17.0

7.0

7.57.4

7.26.8

6.76.5

6.56.5

6.86.8

6.66.5

6.36.1

6.76.9

7.0

7.37.3

7.06.6

6.36.1

5.95.8

5.96.1

6.06.2

6.36.1

6.26.7

7.0

7.27.1

6.86.6

6.25.8

5.65.4

5.65.6

5.86.1

6.46.4

6.46.7

7.0

7.17.0

6.86.5

6.15.6

5.14.9

4.95.1

5.76.1

6.36.5

6.66.8

7.0

7.16.9

6.76.4

6.05.5

5.25.1

5.15.1

5.86.1

6.46.5

6.76.8

7.0

7.16.9

6.86.4

6.15.7

5.55.3

5.25.4

6.06.2

6.46.5

6.66.7

6.8

7.37.1

6.86.4

6.25.9

5.75.6

5.65.7

6.16.3

6.46.5

6.66.7

6.7

7.27.0

6.86.6

6.46.1

5.95.9

5.85.8

6.16.4

6.46.6

6.76.7

6.7

6.96.8

6.86.6

6.56.3

6.16.0

6.05.9

6.26.3

6.46.5

6.76.9

6.7

6.66.8

6.86.7

6.66.4

6.26.0

6.06.0

6.26.3

6.56.7

6.96.8

6.8

6.47.0

6.96.7

6.46.2

6.16.1

6.16.2

6.46.7

6.87.0

6.86.9

6.37.0

6.86.7

6.46.3

6.36.3

6.16.0

6.46.4

6.56.8

6.77.0

6.46.8

6.66.5

6.46.5

6.56.4

6.46.6

6.56.5

6.76.8

6.77.2

Example 7 - PEC Results


Example 8


Example 8

Section 4-36


Example 8 - RAD & PEC of Elbow

Different Schedule

Different Schedule

Weld Area

Weld Area

Detected Defect


Example 9

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