toronto, may 4 - 5, 2006
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ENERGY STAR Air Conditioners & Heat Pumps Proposed Installation Requirements for SEER 14 Equipment Brian Killins Natural Resources Canada May 4, 2006. Toronto, May 4 - 5, 2006. Table of Contents. Background Efficiency and energy savings potential Electricity peak demand reductions - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ENERGY STAR Air Conditioners & Heat PumpsProposed Installation Requirements for SEER 14 Equipment
Brian KillinsNatural Resources CanadaMay 4, 2006
Toronto, May 4 - 5, 2006
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Table of Contents
Background
Efficiency and energy savings potential
Electricity peak demand reductions
Homeowner benefits
Development and Implementation Plan
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AC/HP Market in Canada
About 250,000 per year
90% AC, 10% ASHP
Size – about 85% are 2.5 tons and less
At 2 kw/AC, >500 MW peak demand
Increase of 1 EER yields 240 watt peak reduction (for 2 ton AC)
Operating costs – highly variable
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Equipment Efficiency
April 1, 2006SEER 14, EER 11.5, and HSPF V 7.1 (split)
January 1, 2009SEER 14.5 , EER 12, and HSPF V 7.1 (split) (2006 EE Regulations – SEER 13, HSPF V 6.7)
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Incidence of AC installations
Factors causing inefficiency
Oversizing 47%
Inadequate airflow 70%
Refrigerant charge outsideof manufacturer specs 44%
Source: Consortium for Energy Efficiency
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Homeowner “disconnect”
Cannot tell if AC and HP are operating efficiently
Unaware of “servicing” costs
Bigger is better
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AC Sizing
50% oversized by >25%
average oversizing of 1.39
1/3 contractors use rule of thumb and 40% admit purposely oversizing, homeowner driven
20% downsizing possible yielding 4% energy savings
potential savings 2-10%
Source: various studies
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Reduced Airflow
AC efficiency
Interaction of fan, filter, coil, ductwork, & AC sizing
Studies 327 cfm per ton cooling (vs 400 cfm)
Impact on EER/SEER = – 5%
Air circulation
Furnaces rated at 45 pa, typical 100 -125 pa
Typical air circulation power = 500 watts/1000 cfm Impact of AC sizing, higher efficiency motor &
blowers, duct design
Source: various studies
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Refrigerant Charge
Overcharging (33%) & undercharging (41%) found
Fixed orifice type savings potential – 10-20%
TXV type - 5% estimated energy savings Overall 13% energy reduction
Source: various US studies
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Heating systems
most are oversized >40%, some more than 100%
air circulation power increase from 13 to 28 w/kw heating since ’90, typical increase from 350 to 500 watts
Source: Phillips
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US ENERGY STAR says…
…up to 35% savings:
AC sizing 10% Refrigerant charge 12% Proper Air flow 10%
Duct sealing 15% Sources:CEE 2000 White Paper (Consortium for Energy Efficiency) US ENERGY STAR website
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Installation Criteria
Correct AC sizing & reduced air handling - estimated potential impacts:
18 MW / yr peak electricity demand reduction
85 GW.h / year energy savings (equivalent to SEER 10 to 13)
Source: Caneta Research report for NRCan
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Proposed installation requirements
Qualified equipment SEER, EER, and HSPF Matched coil and outdoor unit Circulation fan – variable DC motor (ECM) Sizing – cooling, heating, ductwork Access for maintenance Field measurements – refrigerant charge, air
flow, static pressure, blower electricity use Field checks – equipment #s, quality of
installation (duct sealing, access for cleaning, etc)
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Proposed installation requirements
Verification process
Contractor training and qualifications
Energy Star labelling
Maintain ENERGY STAR principles
Pilots & Programs
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Conclusions / Next Steps
Expanded scope for ENERGY STAR
Significant potential
Expanded opportunity for industry
Schedule - 2007 for development of installation criteria
Stakeholder meetings for input – with manufacturers, contractors, utilities, & others
Operationalize field measures, verification