topik3sanitarypipework-120904030443-phpapp01

7/28/2019 topik3sanitarypipework-120904030443-phpapp01

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TOPIC 3 SANITARY PIPEWORK -Piping System


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TOPIC 3 SANITARY PIPEWORK -Piping System

Pipe system includes network of pipes and valves, whichare :-

i. MAIN PIPE : Delivers water from treatment plant

to distribution tank or directly to distributionarea.

ii. FEEDER PIPE : Directly connected to a main pipefor distribution of water to industrial or

residential areas.

iii. BRANCH PIPE : From feeder pipe to individualhouse, building, factory or fire hydrant.

iv. VALVE : needed to control water flow rate, stopwater flow, release trapped air in pipe,balance pressure in pipe and removeeffluents.


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TOPIC 3 Factors of Head Loss in Pipes

Head loss or energy lossduring distribution toconsumers is caused by the

followings :

i. Differences in pipe size.

ii. Change of flow direction.

iii. Friction.

iv. Difference of level (Gradient).


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TOPIC 3 Factors of Head Loss in Pipes

I. DIFFERENCES IN PIPE SIZE

a. Change in sizes, from big to smaller

diameter

b. Change in sizes, from small to biggerdiameter
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TOPIC 3

ii. CHANGE OF DIRECTION

Change of flow direction in pipe causes head loss.

Factors of Head Loss in Pipes
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TOPIC 3

iii . FRICTION

Head loss due friction is the major energy loss in

pipe. Long length of pipe in the piping system causeshigh head loss, while large diameter pipe can reducehead loss.

Head loss in pipe is energy lost due to friction

between water and the inner surface of the pipe.

Therefore, the flow is reduced and this factorcontributes to head loss in pipe.

Factors of Head Loss in Pipes


7/16TOPIC 3 Factors of Head Loss in Pipes

iv. GRADIENT

When water is delivered throughdistribution pipe from higher to

lower positions, it experiences headloss due to friction, difference in pipesizes and change of directions.


8/16TOPIC 3 Fluid Flow

TYPE OF FLOW

There are 3 types of flow in a pipe :-

i. Laminar flow

ii. Turbulent flow

iii. Transition flow

The types of flow depend on the velocity, density and

the diameter of pipe.


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Is flow of particleswhich gains high

kinetic energy and

move erratically.

Is flow of fluidparticles moving

in single line

parallel to eachother.

TURBULEN

T

LAMINAR

Fluid Flow


10/16TOPIC 3 SANITARY PIPEWORK


11/16TOPIC 3 Soil and Waste Water Flowchart

BUILDING

SEWAGE

WASTE

FITTINGSOIL FITTING

SOIL

DISCHARGE

WASTE

DISCHARGE

PIPING SYSTEM

SEWAGE TREATMENT

PLANT

TREATED WATER

ENVIRONMENT


12/16TOPIC 3 Discharge Pipe

Discharge pipe consists of single stack, branching and vent pipe.

Single stack pipe is installed vertically to ease discharge of soiland waste water.

Branching pipe is connected from sanitary fitting with single stack

pipe.

Vent pipe to released compressed air.

There are 3 systems employed in the installation of soil and

waste water discharge pipes :-

i. Single stack system.ii. Single pipe system.

iii. Dual pipe system.


13/16TOPIC 3 Single Stack System

1. System where only 1 pipe is

required and it does not need vent

pipe as it can function as vent pipe.

2. Discharge in branching pipes fro

sanitary fitting are transferred intosingle stack pipe.

3. The flow is then drained into the

drainage pipe.

4. The system is appropriate for multi-

storey buildings.

5. Sanitary fitting should be installed

near the single stack pipe to reduce

the length of the branching pipe and

minimum the sound of flow in the

pipe.

6. The sanitary fitting should be

connected to the single stack pipe

separately.

7. This system is easy to install.

(Main Pipe)


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TOPIC 3 Single Pipe System

1. Use only 1 pipe in collecting and

draining discharge.

2. All sanitary fittings are connected to 1

pipe only. Connection is made at thebranching pipe.

3. The single stack vent pipes release

compressed air that may have trapped

at the base of waste and wastewater

single stack pipe.

4. The vent branching pipe connects the

single stack vent pipe to the sanitary

fitting.

5. All sanitary fitting should be installednear a main pipe.

(Main Pipe)


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TOPIC 3 Dual pipe System

(SoilMain Pipe)(Waste Main Pipe)

1. This system uses 2 single stack pipes,

one for waste and the others is for soil.

2. Both of the single stack pipes have

individual ventilation system.

3. The waste discharge pipe drains

wastewater from the shower tray, WB

and bathtub.

4. The soil discharge pipe drains soilwater from the WC and urinal.

5. The single stack pipe is then connected

to the underground drainage pipe.

6. This system is suitable when the wastefitting is located far from the waste

water fitting.


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TOPIC 3 Comparison of Discharge Pipe Systems

System Types of Pipes Advantages Disadvantages

Dual Pipe 1. Waste single stack

pipe

2. Soil single stack

pipe

1. More

effective

drainage

1.Require two types of pipe

2. Complicated installation

work

Single Pipe 1. Waste and soil

single stack pipe

2. Vent pipe

1. Require only

one main pipe

2. Easier to

install

1. Vent pipe installation is

complicated

2. Require more pipelines

for vent pipe

Single Stack 1. Waste and soil single

stack pipe

1. Require only

one single stack

pipe

1. Ventilation is less efficient

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