Topic 2: The Role of Open Standards,Topic 2: The Role of Open Standards,Open-Source Development, &Open-Source Development, &

Different Development Models & ProcessesDifferent Development Models & Processes(on Industrializing Software) (on Industrializing Software)

ARO Workshop Outbrief, May 19ARO Workshop Outbrief, May 19thth, 2004, 2004

Douglas C. Schmidt, Adam Porter,

& Hubertus Franke

2

New Demands on Distributed Real-time & Embedded (DRE) Systems

Real-time & embedded systems• Stringent quality of service

(QoS) demands• e.g., latency, jitter, footprint

• Resource constrained

The Past

Distributed real-time & embedded (DRE) systems• Network-centric & larger-scale “systems of systems”• Stringent simultaneous quality of service (QoS)

demands• e.g., dependability, security, scalability, thruput

• Dynamic context

The Future

3

Evolution of DRE Systems Development

Technology ProblemsDRE systems have

historically tended to be:StovepipedProprietary

Brittle & non-adaptiveExpensiveVulnerable

Mission-critical DRE systems have historically been built directly atop hardware

• Tedious• Error-prone• Costly over lifecycles

AirFrame

AP

Nav HUD

GPS IFF

FLIR

Cyclic Exec

CLI

SS7

SM CM

RX TX

IP

RTOS

4

Technology ProblemsDRE systems have

historically tended to be:StovepipedProprietary

Brittle & non-adaptiveExpensiveVulnerable

Mission-critical DRE systems historically have been built directly atop hardware

• Tedious• Error-prone• Costly over lifecycles

Middleware

MiddlewareServices

DRE Applications

Operating Sys& Protocols

Hardware & Networks

Middleware

MiddlewareServices

DRE Applications

Operating Sys& Protocols

Hardware & Networks

•Layers of open standard-based systems has effectively factored out many reusable capabilities & services from traditional DRE application responsibility

•Essential for product-line architectures

Evolution of DRE Systems Development

5

Middleware

MiddlewareServices

DRE Applications

Operating Sys& Protocols

Hardware & Networks

DRE Systems: Key R&D Challenges Ahead•Limit to how much application functionality can be factored into reusable COTS infrastructure, which impedes product-line architectures

•Reusable COTS infrastructure itself has become extremely complicated to use & provision statically & dynamically

•Component-based DRE systems are very complicated to configuration, integrate, & deploy

•There are now multiple COTS infra-structure technologies to choose from

IntServ + Diffserv

RTOS + RT Java

RT/DP CORBA + DRTSJ

Load BalancerFT CORBA

Network latency & bandwidth

Workload & Replicas

CPU & memory

Connections & priority bandsCORBA

CORBAServices

CORBAApps

J2EE

J2EEServices

J2EEApps

.NET

.NETServices

.NETApps

6

Promising Solution: Standard Integration Environments • Develop, validate, & standardize generative software technologies that:1. Model2. Analyze3. Synthesize 4. Provision &5. Validate

multiple layers of open standard infrastructure & applications for DRE systems that require simultaneous control of multiple quality of service properties end-to-end

• Partial specialization is essential for inter-/intra-layer optimization & advanced product-line architectures

Middleware

MiddlewareServices

DRE Applications

Operating Sys& Protocols

Hardware & Networks

<CONFIGURATION_PASS> <HOME> <…>

<COMPONENT> <ID> <…></ID> <EVENT_SUPPLIER> <…events this component supplies…> </EVENT_SUPPLIER> </COMPONENT> </HOME></CONFIGURATION_PASS>

Goal is not to replace programmers per se – it is to provide higher-level domain-specific languages for infrastructure/application developers & users

OCML

CCMPerf

Skoll

BenchmarkInformation

IDL .cpp

Scriptfiles

ServiceConfigfiles Internet

distributedsystem

TargetMachine

A

B

C

D

E

F

Model

ConfigurationInformation

7

Research AgendaCustomizable Frameworks & Intelligent Middleware

FormalizingBest Practices & Design Expertise

Model-based Software Development & Domain-specific Languages

GPS IFF FLIR

Object Request Broker

AirFrame

AP Nav WTS

Event Channel

ReplicationService

SynchronizationPersistence

Fault ToleranceMemory Management

Cross-cutting Concerns

Multi-faceted SoftwareDevelopment

Distributed Continuous Quality Assurance Environments

Applications to DRE Systems