tools to progress small water and ......environmental technology centre, murdoch university, perth...
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Environmental Technology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth 6150 WA, Australia.
Environmental
Technology
Centre [ETC]
TOOLS TO PROGRESS SMALL WATER AND
WASTEWATER SYSTEMS
Professor Goen Ho, Dr Martin Anda, Beth Strang, John Hunt and Shaun Jamieson
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
Overview
Contribution to sustainable settlements
Barriers to implementation
Tools to assist
1. Management Tool - DeWaTARS Framework
2. Technology Database and Decision Support Tool
3. Land Developments Rating Tool
Capacity building
Conclude
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
Small contribution to sustainable settlements
Small and decentralised systems can
• Help close the water and nutrient cycle
• Assist with integration of water streams
• Assist with integration of other sectors of human development (energy, food, production, housing, transport)
• Can run on renewable energy which is generally small/local scale
• Can have a market through developers
Déry and Anderson 2007
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
Barriers• Tradition and history
• Success of the institution
• Long life of existing infrastructure
• Mandatory connection to recoup costs
• Inertia and legislation
• Perceived risks
• Poor experience with small systems
• Pollutants and Public health concerns
Tanks• Awareness raising
• Technology
• Capacity Building
• Us
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
?
Technology Database and Electronic Decision Support Tool for DeWaTARS
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
DeWaTARS = Decentralised Wastewater Treatment and Recycling Systems
EDST = Electronic decision support tool
Purpose of the tool:To provide assistance with selection of the most appropriate
decentralised recycling system for residential developments.
Choosing the right system
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
The EDST incorporates:
Conventional: E.g. Aerobic treatment units (ATUs)
Constructed wetlands
Greywater systems
Alternative:E.g. Composting systems
Anaerobic biogas production
Urine separation
Lot, cluster and development scale are considered
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
How does the EDST work?
1. The user answers a series of flow-sheet questions to determine the appropriate technology types
2. A product database provides a list of available products
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
How does the EDST work?
Within the groups there are 54 categories and subcategories
1.0 Aerobic Treatment Units 1.1 Suspended growth 1.1a Activated sludge (continuous aeration)
1.1b Activated sludge (intermittent aeration)
1.1c Membrane bioreactor
1.2 Attached growth (forced aeration) 1.2a Submerged (continuous aeration)
1.2b Submerged (intermittent aeration)
1.2c Fluidised bed
1.2d Moving bed bioreactor
1.3 Attached growth (passive aeration) 1.3a Percolating (Primary – septic)
1.3b Percolating (Primary – humus)
1.3c Rotating biological contactor
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
EDST Application
Benefits:
• Provides a science based technology choice
• Saves the user time and confusion
• May provide economic benefits
• All avenues of possible wastewater treatment are considered (i.e. from constructed wetlands to urine separation)
Limitations:
• The tool is currently a prototype
• Scope for improved precision and other enhancements
• Properties of technologies based on either company information or standardised information
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
Management Tool for DeWaTARS
Research Aims
• Understand the barriers and challenges facing decentralised wastewater systems in WA
• Develop a sustainable management framework for decentralised wastewater systems in WA
• Validate the effectiveness of the DeWaTARS concept as a viable management tool
• Validate the ability of Village scale DeWaTARS projects to meet environmental and public health requirements
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
The Methodology
Surveys of:
• Residents
• Developers and Manufacturers
• Legislators and Regulators
To better understand:
• Knowledge gaps and requirements
• Different management arrangements
• Barriers that exist for each group
• The effectiveness of the DeWaTARS framework
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
The Methodology
Case StudiesInterstate and overseas case studies will help provide best practice criteria for the DeWaTARS management framework
• Bridgewater Lifestyle Village (onsite greywater), and
• Timbers Edge Residential Village (central greywater)
• Banksia Recreation Village (blackwater) tbc
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
The Methodology
Legislative Review• Review and assess the various Acts and Regulations pertaining
to water in WA by the newly formed Department of Water
DeWaTARS development and testing• Complete the management framework document
• Test the effects of different land tenures
• Trial the community/resident education protocols outlined within this management framework
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
DeWaTARS Framework
Management of these systems will require:• Management contract with a licensed wastewater service provider, who
ensures operation, regular maintenance and monitoring occurs.
• Has a comprehensive HACCP based risk management plan
• Approval from relevant regulatory authorities
• Ensure that all staff dealing with the systems are suitably trained
• Ensure that the residents are suitably educated on the technologies in place
• Ensure that there is a contingency plan in place to ensure new residents are educated on the technologies in place
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
Rating scheme of water use performance of land developments
Water Efficient Appliances, Fixtures
and Fittings (well under way)
Water Efficient Homes
(emerging)
Water Efficient Neighbourhoods
(just beginning)
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
Water Efficiency of Land Developments
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
The Water Balance
Sources Use Disposal
Reticulated Sewer
Storm Water Flow
Evaporation
Evapotranspiration
Infiltration
LANDDEVELOPMENT
Scheme Water
Ground Water
Rainwater
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
Land developers
• Promote themselves as ‘Green’ credibly
• Run water balance scenarios
• Improve the score
• Accurately determine reuse possibilities
Home Owners
• Factor in the purchase of a new home – green conscience
• Provide a market force for change
Regulators
• Set clear guidelines for developers
• A method of monitoring flow regimes of the metropolitan area
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia
Capacity Building
Bachelor Degrees
• Environmental Science
• Environmental Technology
• Environmental Engineering
Units
• Sustainable Water Systems
• Water Conservation and Water Auditing
• Environmental Technology for Sustainable Development
Training Packages
• Water Demand Management
• Rainwater Harvesting
• Sustainable Sanitation
• Wastewater Reuse
Ho, G., Anda, M., Strang, B., Hunt, J. and Jamieson, S. (2008) Tools to progress small water and wastewater systems. In: Onsite and Decentralised Sewerage & Recycling Conference, 12 - 15 October, Benalla, Vic, Australia