Today’s StandardToday’s Standard

SSUSH20SSUSH20 Analyze the domestic and international Analyze the domestic and international

impact of the Cold War on the U.S.; impact of the Cold War on the U.S.; describe the Truman Doctrine; describe the Truman Doctrine; containment; the Marshall Plancontainment; the Marshall Plan

The Cold WarThe Cold War

The Great Rivalry between The Great Rivalry between East and WestEast and West

1945 - 19911945 - 1991

The Roots of the “Cold” WarThe Roots of the “Cold” War 19451945 World War II is overWorld War II is over Europe is war torn and must Europe is war torn and must

rebuildrebuild Only two countries emerged Only two countries emerged

from the war as powerful from the war as powerful nationsnations

1) The 1) The United StatesUnited States The The Soviet UnionSoviet Union 2) The 2) The “superpowers”“superpowers” Eventually both became Eventually both became

embroiled in an intense embroiled in an intense rivalry for world power and rivalry for world power and influenceinfluence

The The Cold WarCold War 1945 - 19911945 - 1991

Stalin and Soviet Stalin and Soviet CommunismCommunism

The mistrust between the The mistrust between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. U.S. and the U.S.S.R. began almost immediately began almost immediately after WW2after WW2

3) 3) Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin made it made it very clear that he planned very clear that he planned on expanding Soviet on expanding Soviet communismcommunism in eastern in eastern EuropeEurope

Against the wishes of the Against the wishes of the U.S. and other democratic U.S. and other democratic nations in Europe, Stalin nations in Europe, Stalin begins installing pro-Soviet begins installing pro-Soviet governments in Eastern governments in Eastern EuropeEurope

satellite nationssatellite nations

The Union of Soviet Socialist The Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsRepublics

(Russia and her satellites)(Russia and her satellites)

The World during the Cold WarThe World during the Cold WarDemocracies – blue; Communist - Democracies – blue; Communist -

RedRed

Democracy vs. CommunismDemocracy vs. Communism 4) 4) CommunismCommunism A) Limited freedom, all A) Limited freedom, all

property belongs to the property belongs to the government, free government, free investment is non-investment is non-existentexistent

DemocracyDemocracy B) People are free, they B) People are free, they

can vote, & own private can vote, & own private propertyproperty

The “Iron Curtain”The “Iron Curtain” The U.S., Britain, and The U.S., Britain, and

France particularly France particularly were concerned about were concerned about the sudden surge of the sudden surge of communism spreadingcommunism spreading

5) British Prime 5) British Prime Minister Minister Winston Winston Churchill Churchill called it the called it the “Iron Curtain”“Iron Curtain”

An imaginary line that An imaginary line that separated the separated the communist nations and communist nations and the democratic nationsthe democratic nations

The Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine 19471947 6) U.S. President 6) U.S. President Harry S. Harry S.

TrumanTruman gives a speech gives a speech about the spread of about the spread of communismcommunism

He declares the United He declares the United States will support ALL States will support ALL people under the threat of people under the threat of the spread of communismthe spread of communism

The The Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine Also known as Also known as

“containment”“containment” STOPPING THE SPREAD OF STOPPING THE SPREAD OF

COMMUNISMCOMMUNISM

The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan Meanwhile, European Meanwhile, European

countries struggled to recover countries struggled to recover from WW2from WW2

1) Germany1) Germany especially especially needed helpneeded help

Only Russia and the U.S. Only Russia and the U.S. emerged as self-sufficient emerged as self-sufficient countriescountries

Europe needed Europe needed economic aideconomic aid 2) Enter U.S. Secretary of 2) Enter U.S. Secretary of

State State George MarshallGeorge Marshall The The Marshall PlanMarshall Plan A plan to help Europe get back A plan to help Europe get back

on track financiallyon track financially $17 billion in aid is sent$17 billion in aid is sent The USSR rejected itThe USSR rejected it

The Problem in BerlinThe Problem in Berlin The Marshall Plan was a The Marshall Plan was a

huge successhuge success All countries who accepted All countries who accepted

it grew strongerit grew stronger Germany had been divided Germany had been divided

between the U.S., Britain, between the U.S., Britain, France, and the USSRFrance, and the USSR

Only the Russian portion of Only the Russian portion of Germany sufferedGermany suffered

3) The Soviets begin to 3) The Soviets begin to block all roads to block all roads to BerlinBerlin to to keep aid from getting inkeep aid from getting in

4) Western democracies 4) Western democracies would respond with the would respond with the Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

The Berlin AirliftThe Berlin Airlift 1948-491948-49 2 million tons of food and 2 million tons of food and

supplies are dropped into supplies are dropped into Berlin by plane by Berlin by plane by Western nations (U.S., Western nations (U.S., Britain, France)Britain, France)

The people of Berlin The people of Berlin wanted and needed the wanted and needed the aidaid

The USSR is humiliated The USSR is humiliated and made to look like the and made to look like the bad guysbad guys

Soon after, the USSR Soon after, the USSR would lift the blockade to would lift the blockade to BerlinBerlin

Germany is DividedGermany is Divided 19491949 An agreement is An agreement is

reached between the reached between the Western Allies and the Western Allies and the USSRUSSR

Germany would be Germany would be splitsplit

The Federal Republic The Federal Republic of of WestWest Germany Germany

Communist Communist EastEast GermanyGermany

NATO vs. WarsawNATO vs. Warsaw 19491949 The U.S. and other The U.S. and other

Western democratic Western democratic nations form an alliance for nations form an alliance for defensedefense

The North Atlantic Treaty The North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationOrganization

NATONATO 19551955 The Soviet Union and its The Soviet Union and its

communist allies form its communist allies form its own defense allianceown defense alliance

Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact

NATO vs. WarsawNATO vs. Warsaw

QOTDQOTD

How did the Marshall Plan help How did the Marshall Plan help stabilize Europe after World War II?stabilize Europe after World War II?

A      A      It pardoned most enemy soldiers in It pardoned most enemy soldiers in exchange for their cooperation. exchange for their cooperation.

B       B       It proposed dividing Germany into It proposed dividing Germany into two countries to appease Russia.two countries to appease Russia.

C      C      It provided financial aid and supplies It provided financial aid and supplies to countries suffering after the war.to countries suffering after the war.

D      D      It established an active American It established an active American military presence in unstable areas.military presence in unstable areas.

QOTDQOTD

How did the Marshall Plan help How did the Marshall Plan help stabilize Europe after World War II?stabilize Europe after World War II?

C      C      It provided financial aid and supplies It provided financial aid and supplies to countries suffering after the war.to countries suffering after the war.

Today’s StandardToday’s Standard

SSUSH20SSUSH20 Describe communist China; the Korean Describe communist China; the Korean

War; and Joseph McCarthy (2War; and Joseph McCarthy (2ndnd Red Scare) Red Scare)

Communism Spreads Communism Spreads In AsiaIn Asia

Chinese Communism and the Chinese Communism and the Korean ConflictKorean Conflict

1949 - 19531949 - 1953

China Becomes CommunistChina Becomes Communist 1) Communism’s spread hits 1) Communism’s spread hits

ChinaChina Young students create the Young students create the

Chinese Communist PartyChinese Communist Party By the mid-20s, China is in a By the mid-20s, China is in a

civil warcivil war 2) Communists under 2) Communists under Mao Mao

ZedongZedong vs. Nationalists vs. Nationalists under under Chiang Kai ShekChiang Kai Shek

The U.S. aids the Nationlists The U.S. aids the Nationlists but the Communists winbut the Communists win

3) The 3) The People’s Republic of People’s Republic of ChinaChina is established in 1949 is established in 1949

At the time of its At the time of its establishment, the U.S. establishment, the U.S. refuses to recognize the refuses to recognize the countrycountry

Chairman Mao ZedongChairman Mao Zedong

The Korean War BeginsThe Korean War Begins 1) During the 1940s, 1) During the 1940s,

political tensions were political tensions were increasing in increasing in KoreaKorea as well as well

A small peninsula country A small peninsula country connected to Chinaconnected to China

1940-45 – 1940-45 – JapanJapan ruled ruled Korea but after World War Korea but after World War II, the Allies freed Korea II, the Allies freed Korea from Japanese rulefrom Japanese rule

It was divided into two It was divided into two zoneszones

The Soviets held northern The Soviets held northern KoreaKorea

The U.S. held southern The U.S. held southern KoreaKorea

The Korean WarThe Korean War The division was meant to be The division was meant to be

temporarytemporary But the Cold War tensions But the Cold War tensions

between the U.S. and Russia led between the U.S. and Russia led to a permanent divisionto a permanent division

2) Communist 2) Communist North KoreaNorth Korea Democratic Democratic South KoreaSouth Korea The U.S. begins helping South The U.S. begins helping South

Korea, and the Soviets help Korea, and the Soviets help North KoreaNorth Korea

June 25June 25thth, 1950, North Korea , 1950, North Korea invades South Korea after a invades South Korea after a series of small clashesseries of small clashes

3) President 3) President TrumanTruman declares declares the U.S. will support South the U.S. will support South Korea (containment)Korea (containment)

The The Korean WarKorean War had begun had begun

The Korean WarThe Korean War 4) World War II general 4) World War II general

Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur is called is called back into actionback into action

Commander of U.S. Asian Commander of U.S. Asian forcesforces

Pushes the North Koreans all Pushes the North Koreans all the way up near the China the way up near the China borderborder

But in late Nov. 1950, But in late Nov. 1950, ChinaChina enters the war against the U.S.enters the war against the U.S.

5) The war becomes a 5) The war becomes a stalematestalemate

No clear winnerNo clear winner Truman didn’t want to attack Truman didn’t want to attack

China and start another world China and start another world warwar

RussiaRussia might jump in… might jump in…

The End of the Korean WarThe End of the Korean War The Election of 1952The Election of 1952 President Truman decides to President Truman decides to

retireretire 6) World War II hero 6) World War II hero Dwight Dwight

D. EisenhowerD. Eisenhower is elected is elected He promises to end the He promises to end the

conflict in Koreaconflict in Korea 7) July 277) July 27thth, 1953 – an , 1953 – an

armisticearmistice is reached is reached The borders drawn stay the The borders drawn stay the

same as beforesame as before Many Americans are critical of Many Americans are critical of

the war; many question if it the war; many question if it was worth fightingwas worth fighting

54,00054,000 Americans lost their Americans lost their lives in the Korean Warlives in the Korean War

Another Red ScareAnother Red Scare 1) The Cold War tensions of the 1) The Cold War tensions of the

40s and 50s led to another 40s and 50s led to another Red Red ScareScare in the U.S. in the U.S.

The Korean WarThe Korean War Many Americans were Many Americans were

convinced Soviet spies lived convinced Soviet spies lived among themamong them

2) These fears were fueled by 2) These fears were fueled by Wisconsin senator Wisconsin senator Joseph Joseph McCarthyMcCarthy

Came into the spotlight in the Came into the spotlight in the 50s with a list of charges 50s with a list of charges against alleged secret against alleged secret communists that worked in the communists that worked in the governmentgovernment

McCarthy attacked the McCarthy attacked the patriotismpatriotism and reputation of and reputation of many innocent Americans many innocent Americans

Another Red ScareAnother Red Scare Without any real evidence, Without any real evidence,

McCarthy caused many McCarthy caused many people to lose their jobs due people to lose their jobs due to his accusationsto his accusations

In 1954 he accused the U.S. In 1954 he accused the U.S. Army of having communistsArmy of having communists

3) On 3) On televisiontelevision McCarthy McCarthy presented his findings in a presented his findings in a series of about 35 hearingsseries of about 35 hearings

No evidence surfacedNo evidence surfaced The charges were dismissedThe charges were dismissed McCarthy was condemned McCarthy was condemned This ended his political This ended his political

careercareer

QOTDQOTD

How did the spread of communism after How did the spread of communism after World War II aid in Joseph McCarthy’s rise to World War II aid in Joseph McCarthy’s rise to prominence?prominence?

A      A      He exploited the public’s hysteria and held He exploited the public’s hysteria and held show trials to boost his own political career.show trials to boost his own political career.

B       B       He united blacks and whites through a He united blacks and whites through a hatred of communism and encouraged civil rights.hatred of communism and encouraged civil rights.

C      C      He won public admiration for his military He won public admiration for his military leadership in fighting communists in Korea.leadership in fighting communists in Korea.

D      D      He manipulated paranoia to sell nuclear He manipulated paranoia to sell nuclear weapons to the United States and Soviet Union. weapons to the United States and Soviet Union.

QOTDQOTD

How did the spread of communism after How did the spread of communism after World War II aid in Joseph McCarthy’s rise World War II aid in Joseph McCarthy’s rise to prominence?to prominence?

A      A      He exploited the public’s hysteria and held He exploited the public’s hysteria and held show trials to boost his own political career.show trials to boost his own political career.

Today’s StandardToday’s Standard

SSUSH20SSUSH20 c. Describe the Cuban Revolution, the Bay c. Describe the Cuban Revolution, the Bay

of Pigs, and the Cuban missile crisis. of Pigs, and the Cuban missile crisis.

The Crisis In CubaThe Crisis In Cuba

The Kennedy Administration The Kennedy Administration and the Cuban Missile Crisisand the Cuban Missile Crisis

1960 - 19621960 - 1962

John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy The Election of 1960The Election of 1960 1) The 1) The 2222ndnd Amendment limits Amendment limits

presidents to presidents to twotwo consecutive consecutive termsterms

Popular president Dwight. D. Popular president Dwight. D. EisenhowerEisenhower retires in 1960 retires in 1960

2) Democrats nominate Mass. 2) Democrats nominate Mass. Senator Senator John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy

Republicans – Republicans – Richard Nixon Richard Nixon – the Vice President– the Vice President

American politics are about to American politics are about to changechange

3) television3) television is now a major is now a major form of American mediaform of American media

Kennedy will take advantage Kennedy will take advantage of thisof this

The Kennedy-Nixon DebatesThe Kennedy-Nixon Debates Television starts a new era of Television starts a new era of

politics – candidates on TVpolitics – candidates on TV Nixon (top) is visibly tired from Nixon (top) is visibly tired from

the campaign; wears a grey the campaign; wears a grey suit that doesn’t contrast well suit that doesn’t contrast well on a black and white TVon a black and white TV

Kennedy (bottom) appears fit Kennedy (bottom) appears fit and confident; wears a dark and confident; wears a dark suit that really distinguished suit that really distinguished him on black and white TVhim on black and white TV

4) Viewers on 4) Viewers on radioradio felt Nixon felt Nixon wonwon

Viewers on TV felt Kennedy didViewers on TV felt Kennedy did Kennedy wins a close election; Kennedy wins a close election;

becomes the 35becomes the 35thth President President

The Bay of Pigs InvasionThe Bay of Pigs Invasion 1) Kennedy becomes 1) Kennedy becomes

president and is immediately president and is immediately has to deal with the has to deal with the Cold Cold WarWar

CubaCuba experiences another experiences another revolution; by revolution; by Fidel CastroFidel Castro

Castro establishes a Castro establishes a communist governmentcommunist government

Castro establishes ties with Castro establishes ties with the the Soviet UnionSoviet Union

2) With Cuba being only 2) With Cuba being only 9090 miles away from the U.S., miles away from the U.S., Kennedy was concernedKennedy was concerned

He plans an operation to be He plans an operation to be conducted by the conducted by the Central Central Intelligence AgencyIntelligence Agency

The Bay of Pigs InvasionThe Bay of Pigs Invasion The plan:The plan: The CIA will train 1,500 The CIA will train 1,500

rebels to go in and rebels to go in and overthrow Castrooverthrow Castro

3) They will enter on the 3) They will enter on the shore of the shore of the Bay of PigsBay of Pigs

It happened on April 17, It happened on April 17, 19611961

The operation was a The operation was a massive failuremassive failure

Cuban forces captured Cuban forces captured 1,2001,200 rebels rebels

Kennedy is embarrassedKennedy is embarrassed Cuba gets closer with the Cuba gets closer with the

Soviet UnionSoviet Union

The Cuban Missile CrisisThe Cuban Missile Crisis 19621962 1) Stalin had died in 1953 and 1) Stalin had died in 1953 and

was succeeded by a new was succeeded by a new leader, leader, Nikita KhrushchevNikita Khrushchev

Khrushchev thinks Kennedy is Khrushchev thinks Kennedy is a weak leader and tests his a weak leader and tests his limits limits

2) The Soviet Union begins 2) The Soviet Union begins sending Cuba sending Cuba missilesmissiles

Kennedy opposes thisKennedy opposes this October of 1962 – a thirteen October of 1962 – a thirteen

day stand-off between both day stand-off between both countries takes placecountries takes place

3) nuclear war3) nuclear war was a was a possibilitypossibility

The The Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile CrisisThe Cuban Missile Crisis 4) Kennedy makes a bold move 4) Kennedy makes a bold move

by setting up a naval by setting up a naval blockadeblockade to turn any other to turn any other Soviet ships aroundSoviet ships around

The Soviets show up, then turn The Soviets show up, then turn aroundaround

Kennedy and Khrushchev meet Kennedy and Khrushchev meet and make an agreement:and make an agreement:

5) 5) A) The Soviet Union will A) The Soviet Union will dismantle the Cuban dismantle the Cuban missile basesmissile bases

B) The U.S. won’t invade B) The U.S. won’t invade CubaCuba

6) 1963 – The 6) 1963 – The Limited Limited Nuclear Test Ban TreatyNuclear Test Ban Treaty is is signed, further relieving Cold signed, further relieving Cold War tensions…War tensions…

QOTDQOTD

4.The Cuban Missile Crisis involved a 4.The Cuban Missile Crisis involved a standoff between Russia and the United standoff between Russia and the United States concerningStates concerning

A      A      the atomic bombthe atomic bomb B       B       illegal immigrantsillegal immigrants C      C      nuclear weaponsnuclear weapons D      D      the spread of socialismthe spread of socialism

QOTDQOTD

4.The Cuban Missile Crisis involved a 4.The Cuban Missile Crisis involved a standoff between Russia and the United standoff between Russia and the United States concerningStates concerning

C      C      nuclear weaponsnuclear weapons

Today’s StandardToday’s Standard

SSUSH20SSUSH20 Describe the Vietnam War.Describe the Vietnam War.

The Vietnam WarThe Vietnam WarPart 1Part 1

Communism Continues to Communism Continues to Spread in East AsiaSpread in East Asia

1949 - 19671949 - 1967

VietnamVietnam 1) 1) VietnamVietnam is a small is a small

country and the eastern most country and the eastern most country in Southeast Asiacountry in Southeast Asia

Bordered by Bordered by ChinaChina to the to the northnorth

Filled with hills and dense Filled with hills and dense forests / jungleforests / jungle

2) Gained independence in 2) Gained independence in 19451945

Over its history it has been Over its history it has been occupied by China, Japan, occupied by China, Japan, and Franceand France

2) American leaders became 2) American leaders became nervous that Vietnam would nervous that Vietnam would be threatened by Chinese be threatened by Chinese communismcommunism in 1949 in 1949

U.S. ConcernsU.S. Concerns President Truman and President Truman and

eventually Eisenhower were eventually Eisenhower were worried that when China worried that when China became communist it would became communist it would have a domino effect on the have a domino effect on the rest of Asiarest of Asia

3) “domino theory”3) “domino theory” When a powerful country When a powerful country

becomes communist, weaker becomes communist, weaker ones in the region will follow ones in the region will follow and become communistand become communist

It happens in VietnamIt happens in Vietnam Vietnam became communist Vietnam became communist

under leader under leader Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh China supported the China supported the

communist government therecommunist government there

U.S. ConcernsU.S. Concerns France and Vietnam go to France and Vietnam go to

war in 1946war in 1946 Communist China begins Communist China begins

supporting Vietnam supporting Vietnam The U.S. supports FranceThe U.S. supports France 4) Truman wanted to 4) Truman wanted to

uphold uphold containmentcontainment 5) The problem was France 5) The problem was France

wasn’t prepared for wasn’t prepared for Vietnamese Vietnamese guerillaguerilla warfare in unfamiliar warfare in unfamiliar territoryterritory

France loses the war in France loses the war in 19541954

Trying to Reach an Trying to Reach an AgreementAgreement

19551955 Major powers hold an Major powers hold an

international meeting to international meeting to discuss what would happen discuss what would happen to East Asiato East Asia

6) China wants 6) China wants communismcommunism America doesn’tAmerica doesn’t An agreement is reachedAn agreement is reached Like Korea, Vietnam is Like Korea, Vietnam is

divideddivided NorthNorth Vietnam - communist Vietnam - communist SouthSouth Vietnam – democratic Vietnam – democratic 6) But in 1959 – a communist 6) But in 1959 – a communist

revolution takes place in revolution takes place in South VietnamSouth Vietnam

The The VietcongVietcong

American Involvement American Involvement Increases Under Kennedy and Increases Under Kennedy and

JohnsonJohnson 19601960 Kennedy’s AdministrationKennedy’s Administration 1) Kennedy increases the 1) Kennedy increases the

number of American troops number of American troops in Vietnam to in Vietnam to 16,00016,000 in in 19631963

Kennedy is assassinated in Kennedy is assassinated in November of 1963November of 1963

2) His VP, 2) His VP, Lyndon B. Lyndon B. JohnsonJohnson becomes president becomes president

Johnson announces he will Johnson announces he will escalate the war and escalate the war and instates a instates a draftdraft

3) In all 3) In all 2 million2 million Americans will serve in the Americans will serve in the Vietnam WarVietnam War

Ho Chi Minh QuoteHo Chi Minh Quote

You can kill ten of our men for every one we kill of yours. But even at those odds, you will lose and we will win.

Ho Chi Minh

The Anti-War MovementThe Anti-War Movement 4) March 1965, Johnson 4) March 1965, Johnson

launches launches Operation: Rolling Operation: Rolling ThunderThunder

Air bombing Vietcong targets, Air bombing Vietcong targets, particularly Ho Chi Minh particularly Ho Chi Minh TrailTrail

1967 – The war is no closer to 1967 – The war is no closer to being wonbeing won

5) 5) 16,00016,000 Americans had Americans had been killedbeen killed

Worse yet, the atrocities can Worse yet, the atrocities can be seen on the news on be seen on the news on TVTV

This causes people to begin to This causes people to begin to protest the warprotest the war

6) The 6) The Anti-War MovementAnti-War Movement started in the late 60sstarted in the late 60s

Vietnam WarVietnam WarPrimary Source ActivityPrimary Source Activity

Choose ONE of the following assignmentsChoose ONE of the following assignments1) Analyze a series of pictures from the 1) Analyze a series of pictures from the Vietnam War – choose 2 and complete a Vietnam War – choose 2 and complete a photograph analysis sheet for them.photograph analysis sheet for them.

OROR 2) Read two short stories based on actual 2) Read two short stories based on actual

soldier’s accounts and complete a short soldier’s accounts and complete a short story analysis on ONE of them.story analysis on ONE of them.

QOTDQOTD

During the Cold War, America’s During the Cold War, America’s Containment Policy was primarily Containment Policy was primarily trying to limit communism’s trying to limit communism’s spread to which geographic areas?spread to which geographic areas?

A      A      the Middle Eastthe Middle East B      B      Eastern Europe and AsiaEastern Europe and Asia C      C      the United Statesthe United States D      D      Latin AmericaLatin America

QOTDQOTD

During the Cold War, America’s During the Cold War, America’s Containment Policy was Containment Policy was primarily trying to limit primarily trying to limit communism’s spread to which communism’s spread to which geographic areas?geographic areas?

B       B       Eastern Europe and AsiaEastern Europe and Asia

Today’s StandardToday’s Standard

SSUSH20SSUSH20 Describe the Tet Offensive, and growing Describe the Tet Offensive, and growing

opposition to the Vietnam War.opposition to the Vietnam War.

The Vietnam WarThe Vietnam WarPart 2Part 2

Tet Offensive – Tet Offensive – The End of the WarThe End of the War

1967 - 19751967 - 1975

I. The Tet OffensiveI. The Tet Offensive 19681968 The Vietnam War still ragesThe Vietnam War still rages America is still involvedAmerica is still involved January 30January 30thth, 1968 – The , 1968 – The

Vietcong (the North Vietcong (the North Vietnamese), begin a brutal Vietnamese), begin a brutal offensive against South offensive against South Vietnamese and U.S. forcesVietnamese and U.S. forces

1) The 1) The Tet OffensiveTet Offensive was the was the North Vietnamese’s plan to North Vietnamese’s plan to end the war end the war

It didn’tIt didn’t 2) 40,0002) 40,000 Vietcong were Vietcong were

killedkilled 1,1001,100 Americans were killed Americans were killed But the Vietcong had no plans But the Vietcong had no plans

on giving upon giving up

The Tet OffensiveThe Tet Offensive The real impact of the Tet The real impact of the Tet

Offensive wasn’t in VietnamOffensive wasn’t in Vietnam 3) The 3) The politicalpolitical effect was effect was

huge in the U.S.huge in the U.S. Much of what happened at the Much of what happened at the

Tet Offensive was on Tet Offensive was on TVTV and and being covered by journalistsbeing covered by journalists

““I thought we were winning I thought we were winning the war! What the hell is the war! What the hell is going on?” – said one TV going on?” – said one TV anchor after viewing the anchor after viewing the footagefootage

After the Tet Offensive, the After the Tet Offensive, the anti-war movementanti-war movement increased dramaticallyincreased dramatically

The American public was tired The American public was tired of the Vietnam Warof the Vietnam War

II. President Johnson Passes the II. President Johnson Passes the BurdenBurden

1) After the Tet Offensive, 1) After the Tet Offensive, 75%75% of Americans of Americans disapproved of the wardisapproved of the war

In the Election of 1968, LBJ In the Election of 1968, LBJ faced attack from all sidesfaced attack from all sides

Johnson decides not to run Johnson decides not to run for re-electionfor re-election

2) The Election of 1968 2) The Election of 1968 saw the the election of saw the the election of Richard NixonRichard Nixon as the 37 as the 37thth President of the U.S.President of the U.S.

Nixon promised victory in Nixon promised victory in VietnamVietnam

President Richard NixonPresident Richard Nixon

President Nixon and the WarPresident Nixon and the War 3) Nixon’s plan was called 3) Nixon’s plan was called

VietnamizationVietnamization The plan: Gradually pull The plan: Gradually pull

out U.S. troops and out U.S. troops and eventually leave the eventually leave the fighting to the South fighting to the South VietnameseVietnamese

Nixon then sent 80,000 Nixon then sent 80,000 U.S. troops into the country U.S. troops into the country of of CambodiaCambodia and began and began bombing it to block North bombing it to block North Vietnamese supply linesVietnamese supply lines

Up to now, Cambodia had Up to now, Cambodia had been kept out of the warbeen kept out of the war

Anti-War supporters in Anti-War supporters in America were outraged.America were outraged.

Kent State ShootingsKent State Shootings May 4May 4thth, 1970, 1970 4) Kent State University, 4) Kent State University, OhioOhio Students are protesting Nixon’s Students are protesting Nixon’s

Cambodian invasionCambodian invasion The Ohio National Guard is The Ohio National Guard is

called in when the protest gets called in when the protest gets out of controlout of control

Tensions mount and several Tensions mount and several soldiers fire their weaponssoldiers fire their weapons

Four unarmed students are Four unarmed students are killed, nine are woundedkilled, nine are wounded

Two of the students killed Two of the students killed weren’t even participating in the weren’t even participating in the protestsprotests

The infamous The infamous Kent State Kent State shootingsshootings shocked the nation shocked the nation and increased the unpopularity and increased the unpopularity of the Vietnam Warof the Vietnam War

III. The End of the WarIII. The End of the War Despite public Despite public

dissatisfaction, Nixon dissatisfaction, Nixon intensifies the attacks on intensifies the attacks on North Vietnam BUT…North Vietnam BUT…

No matter how much the No matter how much the U.S. pounded the Vietcong, U.S. pounded the Vietcong, they continued to fightthey continued to fight

1) In 1971, the passage of 1) In 1971, the passage of the the 2626thth Amendment Amendment lowered the voting age from lowered the voting age from 21 to 21 to 1818

What does this mean?What does this mean? The age for the draft is 18The age for the draft is 18 Drafted soldiers could voteDrafted soldiers could vote Despite this, Richard Nixon Despite this, Richard Nixon

won re-election in won re-election in 19721972

Cease-FireCease-Fire Nixon’s plans for victory in Nixon’s plans for victory in

Vietnam never workedVietnam never worked 2) On January 272) On January 27thth, 1973, a , 1973, a

cease-firecease-fire was agreed to was agreed to The U.S. pulls out of South The U.S. pulls out of South

Vietnam in January 1975Vietnam in January 1975 By April 30By April 30thth, 1975 – South , 1975 – South

Vietnam surrenders to the Vietnam surrenders to the North VietnameseNorth Vietnamese

Vietnam becomes communistVietnam becomes communist Sadly, the “domino effect” Sadly, the “domino effect”

that U.S. leaders feared would that U.S. leaders feared would happen never didhappen never did

3) Again, like in the conflict in 3) Again, like in the conflict in KoreaKorea, Americans felt that , Americans felt that the Vietnam War was not the Vietnam War was not worth itworth it

Effects of the WarEffects of the War The Vietnam War was costlyThe Vietnam War was costly 4) The U.S. lost over 4) The U.S. lost over 58,00058,000

menmen South Vietnamese casualties South Vietnamese casualties

numbered almost numbered almost 700,000700,000 North Vietnamese lost up to North Vietnamese lost up to 1 1

millionmillion 5) The war cost the U.S. 5) The war cost the U.S. $150 $150

billionbillion, increasing the growing , increasing the growing national debtnational debt

After the war, many felt that After the war, many felt that U.S. presidents held too much U.S. presidents held too much war powerwar power

6) the 6) the War Powers ActWar Powers Act in in 1973 put a limit on the 1973 put a limit on the president’s ability to deploy president’s ability to deploy troops in foreign conflicttroops in foreign conflict

The Cold WarThe Cold War

Political CartoonsPolitical Cartoons

““Iron Curtain”Iron Curtain” The Iron Curtain represents The Iron Curtain represents

the communism that is the communism that is dividing Europe east and dividing Europe east and westwest

Symbols:Symbols: The three people represent The three people represent

the USA, France, and the the USA, France, and the United Nations who are United Nations who are trying to unsuccessfully trying to unsuccessfully break the wall downbreak the wall down

The Soviet hammer and The Soviet hammer and sickle are on the Iron sickle are on the Iron Curtain to represent that Curtain to represent that they are the ones causing itthey are the ones causing it

World On FireWorld On Fire

In this cartoon a burned man is on a In this cartoon a burned man is on a burned earth trying to call together a burned earth trying to call together a league to prevent another warleague to prevent another war

2) The POV of the cartoonist? The 2) The POV of the cartoonist? The next world war will be nuclear and next world war will be nuclear and will destroy the worldwill destroy the world

How can there be peace if there’s no How can there be peace if there’s no world left to be peaceful?world left to be peaceful?

The “Airlift”The “Airlift”

3) The old man is 3) The old man is referring to the referring to the Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

The boy is perplexed The boy is perplexed (confused) because (confused) because the last two medals the last two medals are coal and flourare coal and flour

Allied countries Allied countries dropped food and dropped food and supplies into Berlinsupplies into Berlin

Dueling NationsDueling Nations 1) The event that inspired the 1) The event that inspired the

cartoon can either be the Berlin cartoon can either be the Berlin crisis, or the Cold Warcrisis, or the Cold War

2) Are there real people? Yes! 2) Are there real people? Yes! President Harry S. Truman is on President Harry S. Truman is on the left (USA); Stalin is on the the left (USA); Stalin is on the right (Soviet Union)right (Soviet Union)

3) Symbols? Truman and Stalin, 3) Symbols? Truman and Stalin, the guns they are wearing, the the guns they are wearing, the atomic bomb on Truman, and atomic bomb on Truman, and the needles they are fighting the needles they are fighting withwith

4) Opinion? Stalin and Truman 4) Opinion? Stalin and Truman want to fight, but both don’t want to fight, but both don’t want to fight too hard – no one want to fight too hard – no one wants a nuclear warwants a nuclear war

Unit 8 Study GuidesUnit 8 Study Guides

1) The Cold War Begins1) The Cold War Begins 2) Communism Spreads In Asia2) Communism Spreads In Asia 3) JFK and the Crisis In Cuba3) JFK and the Crisis In Cuba 4) The Vietnam War Part 14) The Vietnam War Part 1 5) The Vietnam War Part 25) The Vietnam War Part 2

Up-The-Stairs TimelineUp-The-Stairs Timeline 1) The Cold War Begins1) The Cold War Begins 2) Communism Spreads in Asia2) Communism Spreads in Asia 3) JFK and the Crisis in Cuba3) JFK and the Crisis in Cuba *If you don’t have your study guides then get a red *If you don’t have your study guides then get a red

textbook from the back table. (Pages 808-833; 876-textbook from the back table. (Pages 808-833; 876-884)884)

CHOOSE 10 EVENTS from the three study guides.CHOOSE 10 EVENTS from the three study guides. NUMBER the events in the circleNUMBER the events in the circle DRAW a symbol of the event in the squareDRAW a symbol of the event in the square WRITE the date and the name of the event next to the WRITE the date and the name of the event next to the

number; if only the year is provided write the year but number; if only the year is provided write the year but MAKE SURE YOUR TIMELINE IS IN CORRECT ORDERMAKE SURE YOUR TIMELINE IS IN CORRECT ORDER

Vietnam WarVietnam WarPrimary Source ActivityPrimary Source Activity

Choose ONE of the following assignmentsChoose ONE of the following assignments1) Analyze a series of pictures from the 1) Analyze a series of pictures from the Vietnam War – choose 2 and complete a Vietnam War – choose 2 and complete a photograph analysis sheet for them.photograph analysis sheet for them.

OROR 2) Read two short stories based on actual 2) Read two short stories based on actual

soldier’s accounts and complete a short soldier’s accounts and complete a short story analysis on ONE of them.story analysis on ONE of them.

Film Study – Thirteen DaysFilm Study – Thirteen Days 1) Thirteen Days – Directed by Roger Donaldson; set 1) Thirteen Days – Directed by Roger Donaldson; set

in 1962 in Washington, D.C. and Cubain 1962 in Washington, D.C. and Cuba 2) Kenny O’Donnell – Special Assistant to President 2) Kenny O’Donnell – Special Assistant to President

John F. Kennedy – loyal, determined, assertiveJohn F. Kennedy – loyal, determined, assertive 3) Antagonists – Joint Chiefs of Staff (the generals) – 3) Antagonists – Joint Chiefs of Staff (the generals) –

they are also determined and want warthey are also determined and want war 4) Avoiding World War III and nuclear war with the 4) Avoiding World War III and nuclear war with the

Soviet UnionSoviet Union 5) The O’Donnell family5) The O’Donnell family 6) Keeps up with Kennedy’s schedule; Tells the 6) Keeps up with Kennedy’s schedule; Tells the

pilots not to get shot down; supports the Kennedy pilots not to get shot down; supports the Kennedy brothersbrothers

Film Study – Thirteen DaysFilm Study – Thirteen Days 7) When the Soviet ships approach the blockade7) When the Soviet ships approach the blockade 8) The U.S.S.R. agrees to remove the missiles in 8) The U.S.S.R. agrees to remove the missiles in

exchange for the U.S. agreeing never to invade Cubaexchange for the U.S. agreeing never to invade Cuba 9) He supported the President to the very end; he 9) He supported the President to the very end; he

never really removed his support for themnever really removed his support for them 10) Lesson 1 – Don’t be quick to act against a threat10) Lesson 1 – Don’t be quick to act against a threat Lesson 2 – To avoid a conflict is more honorable than Lesson 2 – To avoid a conflict is more honorable than

jumping into onejumping into one Lesson 3 – Love many – trust fewLesson 3 – Love many – trust few 11) Genuine and believable performances by the actors 11) Genuine and believable performances by the actors

playing historical figures; the portrayal of alcohol with playing historical figures; the portrayal of alcohol with O’Donnell – he dies from alcoholism later in lifeO’Donnell – he dies from alcoholism later in life

Film Study – Thirteen DaysFilm Study – Thirteen Days

12) Switching from B&W to color shading to show 12) Switching from B&W to color shading to show that this was in the pastthat this was in the past