tobacco advertising and pr strategies

8/9/2019 Tobacco Advertising and PR Strategies

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anufacturing Death and Disease:

he Tobacco Industrythe Cause of a Global Epidemic

MATTHEW ! M"E#$% E$IDE'TCAM&AIG' ()# T)*ACC)+(#EE

,ID$


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Outline

• The Campaign for Tobacco+(ree,ids

• Tobacco Industry: Ho- to Addict'e- $mo.ers in Emerging Mar.ets

• /sing the Courts to &romote

Tobacco Control• itigation by the Tobacco Industry:

An )0ensi1e Weapon to/ndermine &rogress

•


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About the Campaign forTobacco+(ree ,ids

CTFK is a leading force in the ght to reducetobacco use and its deadly toll in the U.S. andaround the world.

CTFK objective is to eliminate tobacco-relateddeath and disease in low and middle

income countries by advocating for andsu!!orting others to advocate for theadoption and implementation of e"ectivelaws and !olicies.


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The *loomberg Initiati1e 3*I4to

#educe Tobacco /se#n $%%& 'ayor (loomberg has committedalmost )*%% million to tobacco control e"ortsaround the world. +ates has also committed),$ million.

CTFK has been designated as one of ve!artner organiations to coordinate activitiesunder the (# wor/ing with governments and0+1s to im!lement e"ective measures to

reduce tobacco use.1ther !artners in are• Centers for 2isease Control and 3revention

Foundation• 4ohns 5o!/ins (loomberg School of 3ublic


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*I &riority Countries

,. China$. #ndia

8.#ndonesia

9. :ussia.

(angladesh*. (rail

&. 'e;icogy!t,,. U/raine

,$.3hili!!ines

,8. Thailand

,9. ?iet0am


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The Tobacco Industry Is /singthe $ame tactics and

Messages to Addict 'e-$mo.ers in Emerging Mar.etsthat it /sed for Decades in

De1eloped Mar.ets


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We Must (rame the &ublicDebate

Tobacco companies are not li.e otherbusinesses! They:

,. #ntentionally ma/e their !roducts addictive/nowing that their !roducts /ill

$. Use all means @ legal and illegal @ to sell theirdeadly !roducts

8. 2eceive the !ublic and !olicy ma/ers byattem!ting to a!!ear credible and trustworthy

9. Aggressively target vulnerable grou!s

. Use lawyers lobbyists and !ublic relations rmsto undermine good government and the will of the!eo!le


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Mar.eting in De1elopingCountries

B6e should not be de!ressed sim!lybecause the total free world mar/eta!!ears to be declining. 6ithin the

total mar/et there are areas ofstrong growth !articularly in Asia

and AfricaD #t is an e;citing

!ros!ectE--(AT


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T!I! $trategies to Achie1eIts Goals

E5pand globally to addict new consumers Kee!in mind that more than three-Guarters of the earthHs!o!ulation lives in the emerging mar/ets of >astern>uro!e Asia 7atin America and Africa regions of the

world that for the most !art barely /now more than ahandful of our many ne brands.

(elieve me thatHs going to change dramatically in thene;t ve yearsD. Si; short years ago we claimed

,%I of the world demand for cigarettes. Today ourglobal share has climbed to ,I.... #magine what thatnumber will loo/ li/e in say ,% or $% years afterweHve made signicant inroads in mar/ets only now

o!ening to us.Source: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jcv28d00/pdf?search=%22eergi!g%20ar"ets%22

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jcv28d00/pdf?search=%22emerging%20markets%22http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jcv28d00/pdf?search=%22emerging%20markets%22http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jcv28d00/pdf?search=%22emerging%20markets%22http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jcv28d00/pdf?search=%22emerging%20markets%22


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The (our $tages of the TobaccoEpidemic

Source: #ope$ &' (ollisha) *+' ,iha -. descriptive odel of the cigarette epideic i! developed cou!tries. -obacco (o!trol' 1 : 22324.


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Create ne- users and .eep e5isting ones

– advertising !romotion and s!onsorshi!stargeted at /ids young !eo!le and women

– new !roduct BinnovationsE – e;!ansion into emerging mar/ets

– !ricing strategies

5ou ca! do)!load (-67s report HOW DO YOU SELL DEATH at:

http://global.tobaccofreeki!.org/file!/pf!/en/HDYSD"en.pf

T!I! Mar.eting $trategy

http://global.tobaccofreekids.org/files/pdfs/en/HDYSD_en.pdfhttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/files/pdfs/en/HDYSD_en.pdfhttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/files/pdfs/en/HDYSD_en.pdfhttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/files/pdfs/en/HDYSD_en.pdfhttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/files/pdfs/en/HDYSD_en.pdfhttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/files/pdfs/en/HDYSD_en.pdf


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9Source: Sta!ford School of

edici!e

;0Source: Sta!ford School of

edici!e

200 frica (up of *atio!s


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+st. 20sSource: Sta!ford School of

edici!e

!datedSource: Sta!ford School of

edici!e

+st. 200;


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90s!ited States

+st. 20*igeriaSource: (-(

#arketing through $a!hion


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*rand $tretching

#ndia Tobacco Com!anyJs 7ifestyle :etailing(usiness 2ivision has established anationwide retailing !resence through Willsifestyle 6 2ohn &layers.

T I M (i d 7# l


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T!I! Must (ind 7#eplacement$mo.ers8

Mar.eting Appeals to "outh9(ATJs voluntary mar/eting code @an old tric/ with the same goals @Say you donJt mar/et to /ids evenwhile engaging in tactics that do

!recisely that such as sellingsingle stic/s that children cana"ord and use images that a!!ealto youth.

T I M t (i d 7# l t


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T!I! Must (ind 7#eplacement$mo.ers8Mar.eting Appeals to "outh9

>!do!esia: 20

,hilippi!es: 20

!do!esia: 20

5ou ca! do)!load (-67s report YOU A%E THE TA%&ET at:

http://

global.tobaccofreeki!.org/en/inu!tr'"(atch/)arketing/'oure"the"target

http://global.tobaccofreekids.org/en/industry_watch/marketing/youre_the_targethttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/en/industry_watch/marketing/youre_the_targethttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/en/industry_watch/marketing/youre_the_targethttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/en/industry_watch/marketing/youre_the_targethttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/en/industry_watch/marketing/youre_the_targethttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/en/industry_watch/marketing/youre_the_targethttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/en/industry_watch/marketing/youre_the_targethttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/en/industry_watch/marketing/youre_the_targethttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/en/industry_watch/marketing/youre_the_targethttp://global.tobaccofreekids.org/en/industry_watch/marketing/youre_the_target


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9and Children

In1estmentC$# in


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In1estmentC$# incommunities -here draft

legislation proposed

Source 3hili! 4a/!or. 0igeria how (ritish American Tobacco undermines the 651 FCTC through

agricultural initiatives invited commentary. Tobacco Control $%,$$,$$%. doi,%.,,8*tobaccocontrol-$%,,-%%9,,L


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Conclusion

The behavior of the tobacco industrymust be recognied for what it istreated as a !ariah and !arasite

!reying on our children isolated and

countered in order to !revent thetobacco e!idemic in >merging 'ar/ets


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/sing the Courts forTobacco Control

• Force changes in industry behavior

• 5old the #ndustry Accountable

•

Force governments to enact laws

2


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A Clear in. *et-een$mo.ing and Cancer,=% an article was !ublished in the (ritish'edical 4ournal lin/ing smo/ing to lung cancerand heart disease.

,=9 the (ritish 2octors Study conrmed thesuggestion based on which the governmentissued advice that smo/ing and lung cancer

rates were related.

,=*9 the United States Surgeon +eneralHs:e!ort on Smo/ing and 5ealth began

suggesting the relationshi! between smo/ing


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Tobacco Industry Duplicity•

Tobacco industry recognied the legal threat andhad been Guietly loo/ing at the :ules that wouldbe used.

• US Tort 7aw guided by a set of guidelines /nownas the :estatement on Torts written by a grou! of

!rominent lawyers but there is a serious Guestionwhether a prominent la-yer -ho helped-rite the rules had a secret industryconnection – 3reviously if a !roduct was shown to be

dangerous and caused harm a manufacturerwas held automatically liable but the:estatement ado!ted just as the evidenceabout cigarettes became !ublic e;em!ted fromstrict liability harm from !roducts considerednot Bunreasonably dangerousE and tobacco

Indi1idual &ersonal In;ury


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Indi1idual &ersonal In;uryitigation

in the /!$!,=9 @ early ,==%Js -- individual !lainti"s argued thatthe tobacco industryJs !roducts caused their illnesses

– Cases began as soon as the scientic evidence

emerged – 7awyers assumed these cases would be easy @

harm was obvious

– 3roduct was shown by scientic studies to bedangerous.

*.


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Tobacco a-yers beingTobacco a-yers

7We are not going to tell yousmo.ing does not cause throat

cancer! *ut inhaling largeamounts of sa-dust also increasesthe chances!8

- 2an 6ebb lawyer for 3hili! 'orrisin closing statement to the jury inthe >ngle case M0ov. 8 ,===L


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Tobacco a-yers beingTobacco a-yers

B6here did Nher cancerO come fromP The answer is that nobody can tell

us. There are still mysteries aboutcancer.E

-

(en :eid lawyer for :.4.:eynolds in closingstatement to the jury in the'ngle case M0ov. 8 ,===L


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Testimony of 2ames Morgan%&resident of &hilip Morris

Q. 2o you believe that cigarettesmo/ing is addictiveP

A. 3harmacologically my answer is no.

#f they are behaviorally addictive orhabit forming they are much moreli/e ca"eine or in my case +ummy(ears. # love +ummy (ears ... and #want +ummy (ears and # li/e +ummy

(ears and # eat +ummy (ears and #donHt li/e it when # donHt eat my+ummy (ears but #Hm certainly notaddicted to them.

2e!osition in Broin Case MA!ril ,9 ,==&L


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Tactic! to Ob!truct the Truth

Tobacco lawyers !ursue a war ofattrition BTo !ara!hrase +eneral

3atton the way we won thesecases was not by s!ending all of:eynoldsHs money but by ma/ingthat other son of a bitch s!end allNofO his.E

- :.4. :eynolds general counsel 4.'ichael ordan in a memo to fellow


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Cipollone a-suit

• 'id-,=


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Cipollone a-suit

• 2ocuments !roduced an un!recedented view ofindustry /nowledge and activity. #t was the rst

time that it became /nown that the tobaccocom!anies were secretly and illegally withholdingdocuments that should have been !roduced.

• 2ocument (rea/through

– 4udge ordered com!anies to turn over 8%%%%%documents

– Said !lainti" had a legal Bright to /now what thetobacco com!anies /newD and what it did or did

not do with regard to that /nowledgeE


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&ersonal In;ury Cipollonea-suit

Case a loss for the Cipollone


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Class Actions

• Class Actions are cases in which a largenumber of individuals are grou!edtogether to assert common claims

–

Allows 3lainti"s to jointly fund cases – :emoves the ability of the industry to

try to blame the individual smo/er

– Creates a serious economic threat to the

industry @ a much greater incentive tosettle

Cl A ti B i Phili


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Class Actions Broin v. PhilipMorris

• Broin .Philip orri! Flight attendants suedthe tobacco industry for e;!osure to second-hand tobacco smo/e.

•

Tobacco #ndustry settled for over )% millionthat went into a foundation that su!!ortstobacco control research

• 0o injunctive relief sought because Congress

banned smo/ing on all commercial Rights

C * ht b $t t


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Cases *rought by $tateGo1ernments

• (eginning in ,==9 individual stategovernments sued the tobacco industry forthe cost of treating !atients with smo/ing-related illnesses

• Attorneys +eneral wor/ed closely with!ublic health leaders

• These cases led to 'illions of newdocuments obtained through document

disclosure laws MdiscoveryL in the USdemonstrated that they tobacco industryhad illegally hidden literally millions ofdocuments from the courts

Source for bullet 8 See 5urt :2 >bbert 41 'uggli '> 7oc/hart 04 :obertson C:. Open door*ay to tr+th

legacy o the inne!ota tobacco trial. 'ayo Clin 3roc. $%%= 'ay


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Go1ernments:Master $ettlement Agreement

3=>>?4• 7argest civil settlement in United States

history• :eGuires industry !ayments to the states in

!er!etuity totaling about )$%* billionthrough $%$• 3rovides for !ublic access to documents

!roduced in state and other smo/ing andhealth related lawsuits

• :eGuired that the industry fund for yearsa national tobacco !revention foundation

• :estricts tobacco advertising and mar/eting• :aised !rices causing dro! in consum!tion

es!ecially among youth•


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Case brought by /$ Go1ernment:/nited $tates et al! 1! &hilip Morris

Inc! 3The ,essler Decision4• Trial judge found among other things

– 2efendants hid from the !ublic that cigarettesmo/ing and nicotine are addictive

– 2efendants falsely mar/eted and !romotedBlow tarE and BlightE cigarettes as less harmfulthan other cigarettes

– 2efendants falsely denied that theyintentionally mar/eted to youth

• 0o monetary !enalties im!osed on thedefendants but court ordered eGuitable reliefincluding banning the use of misleadingdescri!tors li/e BlightsE Bultra-lightsE or Blow-tarEand reGuired them to !ublish CorrectiveStatements


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itigation by the TobaccoIndustry:

An )0ensi1e Weapon to/ndermine &rogress


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A Global egal (ight#n $%,% 3hili! 'orris #nternationalJs

Chair!erson and C>1 7ouis Camilleri armedhis cor!orationsJ commitment to shareholdersto continue the global legal ght against!ublic health measures

7@We -ill continue to use all necessaryresources! ! ! and -here necessarylitigation% to acti1ely challengeunreasonable regulatory proposals!8Source: #ouis (. (ailleri. ,rese!tatio! at orga! Sta!ley lobal (o!suer a!d @etail (o!fere!ce. Sept 4' 200 Aephasis addedB.

Source: *e) 5or" -ies +ditorial' pril ' 202 Adiscussi!g tobacco i!dustry challe!ges to S pac" )ar!i!gsB Aephasis addedB.

BThe tobacco industry has ne1er been bashful aboutBghting bac. against attempts to regulate thepromotion of its deadly% addicti1e products!8


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Tobacco IndustryChallenges to

Graphic Health Warningsa-

Challenge a- in DomesticCourts

Unites States

Sri 7an/a

Uruguay

Thailand

0e!al

4amaica

Tur/ey


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India Domestic CourtsChallenge Indian &oint of $ale and

$mo.ing in (ilm #ules in Domestic Court

• &oint of $ale: Tobacco industry challenged theconstitutionality of the law that restricts advertising at the

!oint of sale. The court issued a stay without a hearing onthese rules. After years of inaction the 31S advertising ruleswent into e"ect.

• $mo.ing in (ilm Famous movie director 'ahesh (hatt

claimed :ules regulating tobacco !roducts on television and inlm are unconstitutional. After an initial s!lit decision the2elhi 5igh Court ruled against the government a!!ealed.Su!reme Court stayed im!lementation of 2elhi 5igh CourtJs

judgment. Case !ending. #ndia has enacted new :ules which'r. (hatt also has challenged.


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Costa #ica 3Domestic Court4

Challenge Costa #ican Tobacco Control a-in Domestic Court

• #mmediately after a com!rehensive new law was !assedwith a broad majority 3etitioners led suit challenging the

!rocedures by which the law was debated and voted on inCongress although no objection was raised during thedebate and claimed the law violated !rinci!les of!ro!ortionality reasonableness and balancing of conRictingrightsL

• Constitutional Court found no !rocedural or substantivedefects in the law

*.


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Canada 3Domestic Court4Challenge Canadian Ad1ertising% &romotion and

$ponsorship a- in Domestic Court

• 4une $


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'or-ay 3Domestic Court4

Challenge 'or-egian &oint of $ale a- in Domestic Court

in1o.ing European Economic Area Agreement 3EEA4

• #n the 1slo 2istrict Court 3hili! 'orris challenged 0orwayJs law that!revents the !ublic dis!lay of tobacco !roducts for sale allegingthat the ban was incom!atible with the >uro!ean >conomic Area

Agreement.• 2istrict Court reGuested advice from the Court of 4ustice of the

>uro!ean Free Trade Association States M>FTAL Court.

• Among other things the >FTA Court declared that the district courtwould have to decide whether 0orwayJs ban was necessary i.e.whether 0orwayJs legitimate health objective of reducing tobaccouse could not be achieved by measures less restrictive than atobacco !roduct dis!lay ban.

• 0orway 3revailed

*.


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Indonesia 1! /!$! 3WT)4Challenge /$ a- in an International Trade

Tribunal

• US law !rohibits the sale in the US of Ravored cigarettes Msuch asclove strawberry or chocolateL but does not yet !rohibit thesale of menthol cigarettes. #nstead it gives the authority to theF.2.A. to regulate or !rohibit the sale of menthol cigarettes.

• #ndonesia which e;!orts clove cigarettes to the United Statesbrought the matter before the 6T1.

• The 6T1 A!!ellate (ody u!held an earlier 3anelHs ruling thatwhile the restriction may be justied for !ublic health reasonsthe US law is inconsistent with the USJs trade obligationsbecause 6T1 disagreed with the US Congress that clove andmenthol cigarettes !osed di"erent issues. #n the end the US did01T change its !olicy.

• :uling threatens the right of nations to !rotect !ublic healthshould be entirely u! to the U.S. to determine how to !rotect!ublic health.

&hili M i I i l


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Challenge /ruguayan &ac.aging and abelinga-

in an International In1estment Arbitral Tribunal3and Domestic Court4

3hili! 'orris #nternational M3'#L a U.S. com!any with asubsidiary in Switerland and the worldJs largestmultinational tobacco com!any claims that UruguayJsrestrictions on tobacco !roduct !ac/aging violate a bilateralinvestment treaty between Uruguay and Switerland byharming the value of 3'#Js investment in Uruguay and use of

trademar/ed brands.

Why is this case important for /ruguay

• Challenges UruguayJs sovereign right to determine howto !rotect the !ublic health of its citiens.

• The Uruguay law does not discriminate against 3hili!

&hilip Morris International 1!/ruguay 3=4


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3'# is trying to bully Uruguayinto wea/ening its tobaccocontrol laws. This is an e;am!leof a rich cor!oration trying tointimidate a small country thathas been a global leader inghting tobacco use but haslimited resources to defend its!olicies against e;!ensivelitigation.

*.

&hilip Morris International 1!/ruguay 34

Australia 3=4


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Australia 3=43High Court of Australia% WT)%/'CIT#A4

Challenge Australian &lain &ac.aging a- inDomestic Court%

an International In1estment Arbitral Tribunal%and WT)

• AustraliaJs Tobacco 3lain 3ac/aging Act $%,, reGuiredall tobacco to be sold in !lain !ac/aging from2ecember , $%,$. #t !rohibited colors or brand logoson the !ac/age and reGuired that the brand name be

ty!ed in the font and format reGuired by the law

• The !endency of this case has slowed the moveglobally for the ado!tion of 3lain 3ac/aging for 9 years

@ until #reland and the UK had the courage to moveforward

Source: over!e!t of ustralia' ustralia 3-obacco ,lai! ,ac"agi!g >!foratio! ,ac"' pril 202.B.

A t li 34


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•

>ach of the major tobacco com!anies challenged the !lain!ac/aging measures claiming that the law not only de!rivedthem of the right to use their trademar/s but it was the sameas if Australia had ta/en and used their trademar/s for its ownuse. Thus they invo/ed Constitutional !rovision that!rohibited a !arty from ta/ing another !artyJs !ro!erty

• 2uring the !roceedings

– the tobacco com!anies admitted that cigarette !ac/agingwas li/e a BbillboardE to advertise cigarettes and was aBnal frontierE

– 1ther tobacco com!anies called tobacco !ac/aging the lastmeans to advertise cigarettes

• The 5igh Court ruled in favor of the +overnment of Australia @Summer of $%,$

Source: over!e!t of ustralia' ustralia 3-obacco ,lai! ,ac"agi!g >!foratio! ,ac"' pril 2021 itchel &' Studdert &. Plain packaging of

tobacco products in Australia: a novel regulation faces legal challenges. C 2021 04AB: 2;32;2.

Australia 34High Court of Australia

Australia 34


50/54

•

3hili! 'orris Asia M3'AL has brought the claim under a(ilateral #nvestment Treaty between Australia and 5ongKong. A Tribunal has been established to adjudicate thedis!ute !ursuant to the Arbitration :ules of the United0ations Commission on #nternational Trade 7aw MtheU0C#T:A7L.

• 3'A alleges that Australia has – e;!ro!riated its intellectual !ro!erty by diminishing the value of its trademar/s

– failed to !rovide its investments fair and eGuitable treatment

– unreasonably im!aired its investments and

– failed to accord its investments full !rotection and security.

• 3'A is see/ing damages from Australia in the order of billions ofdollars.

• Australia alleges that the Tribunal has no jurisdiction on variousgrounds including because 3'A re-structured its investments withthe e;!ress !ur!ose of bringing the claim after the Australian+overnment had announced !lain !ac/aging.

• The Tribunal heard AustraliaJs objections to jurisdiction over 8 daysJ

Source: See over!e!t of ustralia' ustralia 3-obacco ,lai! ,ac"agi!g >!foratio! ,ac"' pril 202.

Australia 34/!'! Commission on InternationalTrade a-

A li 3F4


51/54

• U/raine initially challenged challenged AustraliaJs measure in

the 6T1. U/raine has no tobacco trade with Australia.• SubseGuently 5onduras 2ominican :e!ublic #ndonesia and

Cuba @ also led 6T1 challenges.

• Tobacco industry funded law rms are re!resenting many ofthese countries

• A !anel has been established to hear the dis!ute. Australialed its rst submissions in February $%,.

• A ruling by the 2is!ute Settlement (ody is not e;!ected untilthe rst half of $%,* and a subseGuent a!!eal is li/ely.

•

The case has more third !arties than any other case in thehistory of the 6T1.

• The com!lainants allege that !lain !ac/aging !rovisionsbreach various !rovisions of the Agreement on Technical(arriers to Trade the Agreement on Trade-:elated As!ects#ntellectual 3ro!erty :ights and the +eneral Agreement on

Tari"s and Trade.Source: See over!e!t of ustralia' ustralia 3-obacco ,lai! ,ac"agi!g >!foratio! ,ac"' pril 202.

Australia 3F4World Trade )rganiation


52/54

Conclusion

•

For too long the tobacco industry has been able touse the court system to threaten and intimidategovernments and delay or over turn decisions madeby government ocials

• The tobacco industry has abused the judicial systemby rewriting the rules of court hiding documentsthat show what the tobacco industry /nows and howit mar/ets its !roducts.

• 'ore recent e;!erience in the courts has

demonstrated that the courts can be a vehicle for!ositive social change and e;!osing the wrongdoingof the tobacco com!anies.

• 3ublic health leaders need to be aware of the !ower

of the courts and fully engage the judicial !rocess

) li # A il bl t


53/54

)nline #esources A1ailable to 2ournalists

The Cam!aign for Tobacco-Free Kids htt!www.tobaccofree/ids.org

Tobacco Control 7aws htt!www.tobaccocontrollaws.org

American 7egacy Foundation University of California @ Tobacco

2ocuments 7ibrary htt!legacy.library.ucsf.edu

4ohns 5o!/ins (loomberg School of 3ublic 5ealth - #nstitute for +lobal Tobacco Control

htt!www.jhs!h.eduresearchcenters-and-institutesinstitute-for-global-

tobacco-control

651 Tobacco industry monitoring databasehtt!www.who.inttobaccoindustrymonitoringen

Tobacco Tactics htt!tobaccotactics.orginde;.!h!'ainV3age

http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/http://www.tobaccocontrollaws.org/http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/http://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/institute-for-global-tobacco-control/http://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/institute-for-global-tobacco-control/http://www.who.int/tobacco/industry/monitoring/en/http://tobaccotactics.org/index.php/Main_Pagehttp://tobaccotactics.org/index.php/Main_Pagehttp://www.who.int/tobacco/industry/monitoring/en/http://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/institute-for-global-tobacco-control/http://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/institute-for-global-tobacco-control/http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/http://www.tobaccocontrollaws.org/http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/


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Constitutional #ights

3rovisions in constitutions can e;!licitlys!ea/ to the status of internationalagreements in a countryJs legal system

6here an international agreement has thestatus of domestic law it can !rovide

enforceable rights

tobacco advertising and pr strategies

Documents