topart i purpose this project involves the development of a high frequency steerable antenna having...
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I • • •
THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE Pfil'ARTMSNf OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
DEVELOPMENT OF A
HIGH FREQUENCY STEERABLE ANTENNA
Classifirdion car,ce!M in "ccr.!:rv"e with Executive O.da IG.V1 issrued 5 November ijM
~I(M*S*S Jb, h*»JU fuacumsnt Service Center Sflfmeo Services lech, lafo Agency
Navy Department •*•* - . *• r*«. • ... _,
Electroncis Divisions
Interim Development Report No. Q
Contract No. NObar-57448 Index No. NE-091035 ST7
10 June 1953
^^^4^^^
X PROJECT OF THE ENSiNREBSNS EXPERIMENT STATION
THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE C0iL8«S OF SNSINEEBSKS
i
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Jt-WPffW5?.9!?!?
INTERIM DEVELOPMENT REPORT
FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH FREQUENCY
STEERABLE ANTENNA
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This report covers the period 1 May 1953 to 31 May 1953
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE
KNOXVTLLE, TENNESSEE
Navy Department Electronics Divisions
Bureau of Shipa
Contract K . NObsr-57448 Index No. NE-091035 ST7 10 June 1953
'
WARNING: This document contains information affecting the national defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws Title 18, U.S.C., Sections 793 and 794. The transmission or the reve- lation of its contents in any manner to an unauthorized person is pro- hibited by law. Reproduction of this document in any form by other than activities of the Department of Defense and tha Atomic Energy Commissionis not authorized unless specifically approved by the Sec- retary of the Navy or the Chief of Naval Operations.
Copy No. C
ED
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ABSTRACT
This report covers work done on Contract No. NObsr-57448 Index No. NE-091035 ST7, at The University of Tennessee during the month of May 1953.
The following was accomplished:
1. The design of the system, for obtaining antenna patterns by means of an automatic recorder was completed.
2. The work on the propagation analysis was continued.
3. More significant data on angles-of-arrival have been received.
4. Two methods of steering horizontally the beam of a rhombic antenna have been considered. One method is not successful, but the other method has some promise of being useful.
5. The mathematical analysis of the propagation characteristics of a circulai travelling-wave antenna was completed and the results are being checked.
6. The study of circular arrays having horizontal patterns which are invariant with frequency was continued.
RgSTfllflT.fl.R..
PART I
Purpose
This project involves the development of a high frequency steerable antenna having the following characteristics:
1. It shall be operable throughout the frequency range of 4 to 32 megacycles per second.
2. It shall be capable of four, or more, simultaneous transmissions on different frequencies, and at different azimuth and elevation angles.
3. For each transmission, it shall be capable of being directed to any azimuth angle and to any elevation angle between the horizon and 30 above the horizon.
The communication system shall provide reliable 24-hour day-to-day communication with a 20-decibel signal-to-noise ratio. The ranges to be covered are from approximately 500 nautical miles to 4000 nautical miles.
The development consists of two phases:
Phase I. Theoretical, and experimental studies.
Phase II. Development of design criteria.
General Factual Data
Personnel:
F. V. Schultz Project Director 85 1/2 Man-hours
W. D. Leffell* Assistant Engineer 25 Man-hours
W. J. Bergman Junior Engineer 56 Man-hours
L. W. Ricketts* Junior Engireer 43 1/2 Man-hours
H. P. Neff Junior Engineer 168 Man-hours
G. R. Turner Secy-Draftsman 84 Man-hours
L. Phillips* Technician 76 Man- hours
D, Marcum Student Computer 32 Man-hours
H. Knox Student Computer 120 Man-hours
D. J. Smith Typist 4 3/4 Man-hours
* Preparation of antenna test facility.
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References
Bruce, E. and Beck, A. C, "Experiments with Directivity Steering lor Fading Reduction, " Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 14, p. 195. April 1935.
Bruce, E., Beck, A. C., and Lowry, L.R., "Horizontal Rhombic Antennas, " Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, Vol. 23, p. 24, January 1935.
Carter, P. S., Hansell, C. W., and Lindenblad, N. E., "Development of Directive Transmitting Antennas by R.C. A. Communications, Inc., " Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, Vol. 19, p. 1773, October 1931.
Foster, Donald, "Radiation from Rhomuic Antennas, " Proceedings of the Institue of Radio Engineers, Vol. 25, p. 1327, October 1937.
Friis, H. T. , Feldman, C. B. , and Sharpless, W. M., "Determination of the Direction of Arrival of Short Radio Waves, " Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, Vol. 22, p. 47, January 1934.
Har^sr, A. E„, Rhombic Antenna Design, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York, 1941.
Harri.t»c I, C. W., "Radiation from Vee Antennas, * Proceedings of the Ir^titute of Radio Engineers, Vol. 31, p. 362, July 1943.
Harrison, C. W., "The Radiation Field of Long Wires, with Application to Vee Antennas, " Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 14, p. 537, October 1943.
"Ionospheric Radio Propagation, w U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards Circular No. 462. June 1948, Washington, D.C.
Kraus, J. D. , Antennas , McGraw-Hill Book Co., Ind., New York, 1950, Chapter 2.
Lewin, L.., "Rhombic Transmitting As.ial, " Wireless Engineer, May, 1941.
McLachlan, N. W., Bessel Functions for Engineer.", Oxford University Press, New York, 1943, Chapter 3.
Watson, G. N., Treatise on the Theory of Bessel Functions, McMillian Co., 1944, p. 368.
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References - Continued
Williams. K. P. , Antenna Theory and Design, Pitman and Sons, Ltd., London. 1950.
Harrison, C. W., Jr., KThe Inclined Rhombic Antenna, • Proceedings ' of the Institute of Radio Engineers, Vol. 30, p. 241, May 1»42.
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Detail Factual Data
1. A system has been designed for controlling the motion of the antenna mount, and its syn»- ronization with the recorder, from within the building at the antt ma test facility. The selsyn system for driving the recorder in synchronism with the antenna mount was designed. Construction of the selsyn system was started.
2. By using the two daily operating frequencies determined last month for each path , for January 1953, the median expected field in- tensities have been calculated. These values are listed in Tables 1 to 3, together with the values previously obtained by using the optimum working frequency in each case. The two daily operating frequencies have been determined for each path for June 1947 and these values will be used for calculating median expected field intensities.
3. More significant data on angles-of-arrival have been received. There is a possibility of receiving information from one more source so no analysis of the data on hand has been attempted. The antenna development has not progressed far enough to require a careful analysis of this information immediately.
4. The investigation of the possibility of steering horizontally th v beam of a rhombic antenna by varying the phase of the current in the t wo legs on one side of the antenna with respect to the current in the other two legs, has been completed. The results are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. Figure 1 shows the free-space horizontal pattern of a rhombic antenna of optimum design with no phase shift
, introduced. Figure 2 is for the same antenna but with the current in the left half lagging that in the right half by a phase angle of 45 degrees. This phase angle is 90 degrees for the antenna the pattern of which is given by Figure 3. The method obviously is not a successful one. This had been predicted on the basis of phys- ical considerations but it was considered necessary to actually make calculations to substantiate- the physical reasorlng.
5. A method of steering horizontally the beam of a rhombic antenna by using two opposite Itlgs of a different length from the other two legs is being investigated. The results so far obtained are shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6. The method seems to hold considerable promise, although the practical problems may turn out to be difficult,
6. Time was not available during the month for further investigation of the possibilities of using inclined radial wires as tilted Y-antennas.
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Detail Factual Data - Continued
The mathematical analysis of the. radiation characteristics of a circular travelling-wave antenna was completed. This analysis is now being checked.
The work reported last month on a circular array for which the horizontal pattern is invariant with frequency was continued. By the use of several rings, patterns of considerable sharpness can be obtained. Exact spacings of these concentric rings are not critical. To obtain beamwidths of the narrowness re- quired for the present task, an excessively large number of rings is required, so the method seems to have little immediate utility.
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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION
THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE
PROJECT PERFORMANCE AND SCHEDULE
Index No. NE-091035 ST7
Contract No. NObsr-57448 Date: 10 June 1953
Legend: MJflH Work Performed Period Covered: 1/5/53 to 31/5/53
.,-
F=q Schedule of Pr^*»cted Operation
Subject
1952 ' ' r 1953
S o ND J F M A M J J A S O N
1. Develooment of Field Test Facilities.
2. Study of Propagation Problem. a. Investigation of paths lying
entirely in night, region. b. Investigation of paths lying
entirely in day region. c. Investigation of paths lying
partly in day and partly in night region.
d. Investigation of auroral re- fraction.
3. Determination of Suitable Antenna Type of Types. a. Search of literature. b. Theoretical Study.
— 1 KIM* IB
4. Detailed Theoretical and Experi- mental Investigation of Most Promising Antenna Types.
5. Development of Network System Suitable for Driving Array.
6. Experimental Study of Final Array.
7. Preparation of Phase Report. —
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Conclusions
1. The work on the propagation problem has not progressed far enough to allow the drawing of any conclusions.
2. The attempt to steer horizontally the beam of a rhombic antenna by varying the phase of the current in the two legs on one side of of the antenna with respect to the current in the other two legs, was unsuccessful.
3. The possibilities of steering horizontally the beam of a rhombic antenna by using two Opposite legs of a different length from the other two legs, appear to be promising.
4. Work on the circular travelling-wave antenna has not progressed sufficiently to permit the drawing of any conclusions.
5. The use of circular arrays having patterns that do not change with frequency still appears to be unfeasible. Highly directive hori- zontal patterns can now be obtained, but only at the expense of a large number of concentric, rings of elements.
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Program for Next Interval
1. The construction of the recording system for the antenna test facility will be continued, and possibly completed.
2. Median expected field intensities for June 1947 will be calculated, using the two daily operating frequencies already determined.
3. The practicality of steering horizontally the beam of a rhombic antenna by using two opposite legs of a different length from the other two legs will be considered.
4. It is believed that some time will be available for further con- sideration of the possibilities of using inclined radial wires as tilted V-antennas.
5. The actual field patterns produced by a circular travelling-wave antenna will be computed.
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TABLE I
Field Strengths Calculated for a Transmitter Located at Port Lyautey, French Morocco
Calculations made for: January 1953; sunspot number • R * 30; 1 kilowatt radiated power; 0000 hours and 1200 hours.
• ••
*
North from Port Lyautey
0000 Hours
"Distance Trans Mode
l-Hop-F2
Opt. Working Frequency
(Mc.)
3. 5
Median Field Intensity (db above ljiv/m
Operating Frequency
(Mc >
Median Field Intensity (db above 1 jj.v/n.1
44.5 1
Km. Nautical
Miles
800 432 44.5 3.:
1200 S48 l-Hop-F2 4. 3 4L.U 1.0 42.0
3200 1728 l-Hor-F2 7. 6 34.5 5.8 34.5
1200 Hours |
Distance Trans. Mode
Opt. Working Frequency
(Mc.)
Median Field Intensity (db above 1 iiv/rii
Operating Frequency
(Mc) '
Median Field Intensity (db above 1 yLv/m
22.0 800
Nautical Miles
432 l-Hop-F2 8. 5 36.0 5, 8
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 10. 6 35. 0 7.2 19.0
3200 1728 l-Hop-F2 19.6 31.0 13. 6 18. 5
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TABLE I (continued)
South from Port Lyautey
0000 Hours
Di stance Trans Mode
Opt. Working Frequency
(Mc.)
Median Field Intensity (db above 1 /iv/m
Operating Frequency
(Mel
Median Field
Km. Nautical
Miles
432
Intensity (db above 1 fiv/m
800 l-Kop-5'2 3.4 44.5 2.8 44.5
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 4.2 42.0 3.0 42.0
3200 1728 l-Hop-F2 7.6 34.5 4.4 34. 5
8000 4320 11.8 23.0 5.0 23.0
1200 Hours
Distance Trans. Mode
Opt. Working Frequency
(Mc)
9,6
Median Field Intensity (db above i jiv/tu
36.0
Operating Frequency
(McJ '
6.6
Median Field
Km. Nauxical
Miles
432
Intensity (db above 1 iiv/m
800 l-Hop-F2 24.5
1200 848 l-Hop-F2 12. 7 34 5 8.4 23.0
3200 1728 l-Hop-F2 28.8 30- 0 20.4
8000 4320 23. 7 11.0 17.0 -1.0
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TABLE I (continued)
;•:
East from Port Lyautey
0000 Hours
"Distance Nautical
800 432
1200 648
3200 1728
8000 4320
Opt. Working Median Field Operating Median Field Trans Frequency Intensity (db Frequency Intensity (db Mode ( Mc.) above lfi,v/m ( Mc.) above ljuy/m
3.4 44.5 3.4 44.5
4.3 42.0 4.0 42.0
7.8 34.5 7.6 34.5
8.1 23.0 7.2 23.0
X-Hop-F2
l-Hop-F2
l-Hop-F2
1200 Hours
Distance Nautical
Km. Miles
800
1200
3200
8000
432
648
1728
4320
Trans. Mode
l-Hop-F2
l-Hop-F2
l-Hop-F2
Opt. Working Median Field Operating Median Field Frequency Intensity (db Frequency Intensity (db
(Mc.) above 1 jxvj m (Mc.) above 1 fiv/m
8.7
U.O
20.4
15. 6
35.0
33.5
28.0
13.0
6.4
7. 6
15.6
12.8
2S.0
27. 0
24.0
8.0
i ! I
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TABLE I (continued)
West from Port Lyautey
0000 Hours
"Dist ance Nautical
Km, Miles
800 432
1200 648
3200 1728
8000 4320
0pt working Median Field Operating Median Field Trans Frequency Intensity (db Frequency Intensity (db Mode ( Mc.) above 1 jxv/m ( Mc.^ above 1 fjtv/m
i-Hop-F2
l-Hop-F2
l-Hop-F2
3.4
4.2
5.6
5.9
44.5
42.0
34.5
.23.-JL
3.2
3.9
5.2
5.2
44. 5
42.0
34.5
23.0
1200 Hours
Distance "NauticaT
Km. Miles
800 432
1200 648
3200 1728
8000 4320
" Opt. Working Media~n Field Operating Median Field Trans. Frequency Intensity (db Frequency Intensity (db Mode (Mc.) above 1 jxv/m (Mc.) above 1 jj,v/m
l-Hop-F2
l-Hop-F2
l-Hop-F2
8.9
11. 1
18. 6
8.9
36 „0
34-0
28 . 0
-2 0
6.0
7.0
15.0
13.6 ...
28 = 0
24-0
24.5
* Taken at 1300 hours.
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TABLE 2
Field Strengths Calculated for a Transmitter Located at Seattle, Washington
Calculations made for: -January 1953; sunspot number = R = 30; 1 kilowavt effective radiated power; 0000 hours and 1200 hours.
North from Seatt e
0000 Hours
distance Trans Mode
l-Hop-F2
Opt. Working Frequency
(Mc.)
3.4
Median Fluid Intensity (db above Ijiv/m
Operating Frequency
(Mc.fc
Median Field
Km. Nautical
Miles Intensity (db above 1 y-v/m
800 •
432 44.5 2.2 44.5
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 3.8 42.0 2.8 42.0
3200 1728 l-Hop-F2 5. 0 34.5 4.8 34.5
1200 Hours
Distance Nautical
Km. Miles
Opt. Working Median Field Operating Median Field Trans. Frequency Intensity (db Frequency Intensity (db Mode (Mc.) above 1 fiv/m (Mc.) above 1 |iv/m
800 432 l-Hop-F2 7.6 37.5 5.2 31.0
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 9.6 36.5 8. 8 31.5
3200 1728 l-Hop-F2 17.4 30.5 12.0 29.0
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TABLE 2 (continued)
South from Seattle
0000 Hours
t
!•
t>i stance Trans Mode
l-Hop-F2
Opt. F
Working requency (Mc.)
3,4
Median Field Intensity (db above ljiv/m
44.5
Operating Frequency
(Mc.f '
3.3
Median Field
Km. Nautical
Miles Intensity (db above i jiv/zxi
800 432 44.5
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 4,3 42.0 4.0 42.0
3200 1723 l-Hop-F2 7.9 34.5 6.6 34.5
8000 4320 8.9 23.0 6.6 23.0
1200 Hours
Distance Trans. Mode
Opt F-
. Working requency (Mc.)
Median Field Intensity (db above ijiv/m
Operating Frequency
(Mc.) '
Median Field
Km. Nautical
Miles Intensity (db above 1 jAv/m
800 432 l-Hop~F2 8.0 36.5 6.4 31.0
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 10„4 34., 5 7.2 31.5
3200 1728 l-Hop-F2 20. 8 32. 0 17,0 29.0
8000 4320 20.4 9.0 17.0 2.0
RESTRICTED 22
RESTRICTED
TABLE 2 (continued)
East from Seattle
0000 Hours
Distance Trans Mode
l~Hop-F2
Opt. Working Frequency
(Mc.)
2.8
Median Field Intensity (db above 1/i.v/m
Operating Frequency
(Mel "
Median Field
Km. Nautical
Miles Intensity (db above 1 jiv/m
800 432 4.4. 5 2.4 44.5
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 3.4 42. 0 3. 1 42.0
3200 1728 l-Hop-F2 7, 1 34, 5 6.4 34.5
8000 4320 5. 1 23. 0 4.8 23.0
1200 Hours
Distance Trans. Mode
Opt. F]
Working "equency (Mc.) '
7.2
Median Field Intensity (db above 1/xv/m
35. 5
Operating Frequency
(Mc.)
5.2
Median Field
Km. Nautical
Miles Intensity (db above 1 /lv/m
800 432 1-Hop-F2 30. 0
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 9. L 35.0 6.8 30.0
3200 1728 l-Hop-F2 15, 8 29. 5 11.9 27.0
8000 4320 6. 8 15 0 6.8 15.0
RESTRICTED 23
RESTRICTED
TABLE 2 (continued)
West from Seattle
0000 Hours
Distance Nautical
Km. Miles Trans Mode
l-Hop-F2
6pt. Working Frequency
(Mc.)
3.4
Median Field Intensity (db above l{Av/m
Operating Freauency
(Mc.) *
Median Field Intensity (db above 1 /iv/m
800 432 44. 5 2.8 44.5
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 4.0 42. 0 2.8 42.0
3200 1728 l«Hop-F2 4.8 34 5 4.0 34.5
8000 4320 5.1 23.0 4.6 23.0
1200 Hours
Distance Nautical
Km. Miles
Opt. Working Median Field Operating Median Field Trans. Frequency Intensity (db Frequency Intensity (db Mode (Mc.) above ljiv/m (Mc.) above 1 jlv/m
800 432 l-Hop-F2 7. 6 37.5 6.0
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 9.8 36.5 6.8 30.0
3200 1728 l-Hop-F2 17.4 30,0 12.8 27.0
8000 4320 6„8 3 5. 0 8.0 17.0
RESTRICTED 24
RESTRICTED
TABLE 3
Field Strengths Calculated for a Transmitter Located at Adak, Alaska
Calculations made for; January 1953; sunspot number * R a 30; 1 kilowatt effective radiated power; 0000 hours and 1200 hours.
North from Adak
0000 Hours
T)istance Trans Mode
A-Hop-F2
l-Hop-F2
l-Hop-F2
Opt. Working Frequency
(Mc.)
3.4
3.9
6.4
Median Field Intensity (db above Ijiv/m
44.5
42.0
34.5
Operating Frequency
( Mc.fr
2.8
3.4
4.8
Median Field Nautical
Km. Miles
800 432
1200 648
3200 1728
Intensity (db above 1 jxv/m
44.5
42. 0
34.5
1200 Hours
Distance Trans. Mode
Opt. Working Frequency
(Mc.)
Median Field Intensity (db above ljiv/m
39.0
37,0
32.5
Operating Freouencv
(Mc.)
5.2
7.0
10.0
Median Field Nautical
Km. Miles
800 432
1200 648
3200 1728 1
Intensity (db above 1 jiv/m
l-Hop-F2
l-Hop-F2
l-Hop-F2
7.9
10.0
17.0
33.0
33.5
30.0
i
1 f
RES TRICTED 25
RESTRICTED
TABLE 3 (continued)
South irom Adak
0000 Hours
Distance Trans Mode
l-Hop-F2
Opt. Working Frequency
(Mc.)
3.5
Median Field Intensity (db above ljj.v/m
Operating Frequency
(Mc)
Median Field
Km. Nautical
Miles
432
Intensity (db above 1 fiv/m
800 44.5 3.2 44. 5
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 4.3 42.0 3.7 42.0
3200 1728 l-Hop-F2 8.0 34.5 6.8 34.5
8000 4320 8.5 23.0 7.2 23.0
1200 Hours
Distance
Mode
l~Hop-F2
Opt. Working Frequency
(Mc)
Median Field Intensity (db above ijtv/m
Operating Frequency
(Mc.)
Median Field
Km. Nautical
Miles Intensity (db above I jiv/m
800 432 7.7 36.5 6.0 32.5
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 10. 1 36.0 7.6 30.0
3200 1728 l-Hop-F2 22. 1 28.5 16.0 24.0
8000 4320 14.4 -6.0 14.4 -6.0
RESTRICTED AH
RESTRICTED
TABLE 3 (continued)
East from Adak
0000 Hours
"Distance Trans Mode
l-Hop-F2
Opt. Working Frequency
(Mc.)
3.0
Median Field Intensity (db above 1 jiv/tn
Operating Fi'equency
(Mc.fr
Median Field
Km. Nautical
Miles Intensity (db above 1 fiv/m
800 432 44.5 2.8 44.5
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 3.3 42.0 2.4 42.0
3200 1728 1-Hcp-F2 5.2 34,5 4.6 34.5
3000 4320 6.0 23.0 5.2 99 0
1200 Hours
Distance
Mode
Opt. Working Median Field Operating Frequency intensity (db Frequency
(Mc.) above Iftv/m (Mc)
7.5 38.0 5.2
Median Field
Km. Nautical
432
Intensity (db above 1 jiv/m
800 l-Hop-F2 33.0
1200 648 l-Hop-F2 9.3 37.0 5. 6 28.5
3200 1728 l-Hop-F2 16.2 32.0 11.0 29.0
8000 4320 7.8 20. 0 7.6 19.0
RESTRICTED 27
lMWWyWFJB D
TABLE 3 (continued)
Weal from Adak
0000 Hours
Di stance Trans Mode
Opt F
Working roquenoy (Mc.)
Median Field Intensity (db above 1 jiv/m
Operating Frequency
(Mc]
Median Field
Km. Nautical
Miles Intensity (db above 1 jiv/m
000 432 l-Hop-F2 3.4 44.5 2.8 44.5
1200 648 1 Hop-F2 3.4 4i>.0 3.3 42.0
3200 1728 I -Hop -P 2 H.O 34. 5 4.8 34.5
8000 4320 6. 0 23.0 4.8 23.0
12C0 Hours
Distance Trans. Mode
Opt F
. Working requoncy (Mc.)
Median Field Inter, sity (db above ijiv/m
39.0
Operating Frequency
(Mc.)
6.0
Median Field
Km. Nautical
Miles Intensity (db aborve 1 £iv/m
800 432 l-Hop-F2 8.0 35.5
1200 648 l-Hop~F2 10 2 38.0 7.2 33.5
3200 1728 l-Hop-F2 J6. 7 32.5 12.0 30.0
8000 4320 7.7 19.5 6.8 18. 5
iTufflitf Mmsjjjjhg, 28
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