tlia1107c - package goods - learner guide

8/14/2019 TLIA1107C - Package Goods - Learner Guide

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TLIA1107CPackage goods

Learner Guide


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Contents

What this Learners Guide is about........................................ 1

Planning your learning ........................................................... 2

How you will be assessed...................................................... 4

Section 1............................................................................................. 5

Packing goods........................................................................ 5

Section 2........................................................................................... 17

Factors to consider when packing goods............................. 17

Section 3........................................................................................... 32

Labelling of packaged products ........................................... 32

Additional resources....................................................................... 40

Feedback on activities .................................................................... 55


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TLIA1107C Package goods

Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 1Customised and Developed by Armstrongs Driver Education P/L April 2008 ADELG1033

What this Learners Guide is about

ThisLearnersGuideisabouttheknowledgeandskillsyourequiretopackagegoodsinaccordancewithregulatoryandworkplacerequirementincludingselectingmaterials,packingandunwrappingproceduresandlabellingpackagedproducts/loadstotherequiredlabellingstandards.Theactivitiesaredesignedtogiveanopportunitytopractiseanddemonstrateyourskillsandknowledge.

TheElementsofCompetencyfromtheunitTLIA1107CPackagegoodscoveredinthisLearnersGuidearelistedbelow.

Selectmaterialsandpackandunwrapproducts

Labelpackagedproducts/loadsThisunitofcompetencyisfromtheTransportandLogisticsTrainingPackage(TLI07).


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Page 2 Australian National Training Authority 2003ADELG1033 Customised and Developed by Armstrongs Driver Education P/L April 2008

Planning your learning

ItisimportanttoplanyourlearningbeforeyoustartbecauseyoumayalreadyhavesomeoftheknowledgeandskillsthatarecoveredinthisLearnersGuide.Thismightbebecause:

youhavebeenworkingintheindustryforsometime,and/or

youhavealreadycompletedtraininginthisarea.

Togetherwithyoursupervisorortrainerusethechecklistsonthefollowingpagestohelpyouplanyourstudyprogram.Youranswerstothequestionsinthechecklistwillhelpyouworkoutwhichsectionsof

thisLearnersGuideyouneedtocomplete.

ThisLearnersGuideiswrittenwiththeideathatlearningismademorerelevantwhenyou,thelearner,areactuallyworkingintheindustry.Thismeansthatyouwillhavepeoplewithintheenterprisewhocanshowyouthings,discusshowthingsaredoneandansweranyquestionsyouhave.Alsoyoucanpractisewhatyoulearnandseehowwhatyoulearnisappliedintheenterprise.

IfyouareworkingthroughthisLearnersGuideandhavenotyetfoundajobintheindustry,youwillneedtotalktoyourtraineraboutdoingworkexperienceorworkingandlearninginsomesortofsimulatedworkplace.


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Section 1: Packing goods

Areyouableto: Yes No

1. identifyandexplaintheuseofstandardpackagingmaterialsforarangeofgoods?

2. identifyandexplaintheuseofdifferenttypesofcontainers?

3. preparethepackingareatomeetworkplaceandOHSrequirements?

Section 2: Factors to consider when packinggoods


1. assembleandconsolidateanorder?

2. understandpackagingspecificationsanddocuments?

3. usepackagingtechnologyandequipment?

4. packageanordercorrectly?

5. stackgoodsonpalletscorrectly?

Section 3: Labelling of packaged products


1. explainthereasonforlabellingpackages?

2. identifysymbolsusedinpackinggoods? 3. explaintheuseofbarcoding?

4. showhowtolabelgoodsforstorage/dispatch?


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How you will be assessed

AssessmentofthisUnitofCompetencywillincludeobservationofrealorsimulatedworkprocessesusingworkplaceproceduresandquestioningonunderpinningknowledgeandskills.Itmustbedemonstratedinanactualorsimulatedworksituationundersupervision.

Youwillberequiredto:

demonstratethatyoucanpackgoodsreadyfordispatchinaccordancewithworkplaceproceduresandstandards

prepareacustomerorderfordispatch.


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Section 1

Packing goods


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Section outline

Areascoveredinthissection

Thereasongoodsneedtobepacked

Thetypesofmaterialsthatareusedforpackaginggoods

Thetypesofcontainersthatareusedforpackinggoods

TheworkareaOHSrequirementsforpackinggoods


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Why do goods need to be packed?

Goodsarriveinawarehouseinsomeformofpackage.Whena

customerordersthosegoods,theymustbepickedbythestoreperson.Theloadmustthenbepackedreadyforthemovetothecustomer.Thisisknownasassemblingorconsolidatingaload.

Therearemanyreasonswhygoodsneedtobepacked.Packaginghasfourkeyfunctions,theseare:

toprovideprotectionfromdamagecausedby:

shockandvibrationduringtransport

compressioninstacks,causingcrushedgoods

temperatureextremes(heatandcold)

moisture

infestationbyverminsuchasratsandcockroaches

toprovidecontainmentagainstspillingorleakingthatmaycause:

alossofproductvalue

damagetoothergoods

asafetyproblemtopeopleortheenvironment

toprovideinformation,forexample:

whatthepackagecontains

handlinginstructions

advertising

deliverydetail

toprovideutility,forexample:

theeasewithwhichthepackagecanbehandled theeaseofopeningandclosingthepackage

Poorpackagingcanresultin:

increasedoperatingcosts

unhappycustomers

lossofbusiness

thepossibilityoftheft

damagetothegoods.


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Certaintypesofgoodshavespecialpackingneeds.Itisimportantthatyoufindouthowsuchgoodsshouldbehandledandpacked.Thefollowingtypesofgoodsareexamplesthatwillneedspecialattention:

glassandbreakableitems

perishableorfrozenitemsforexamplefood

dangerousorhazardousgoodssuchaspoisons

oddshapedorsizeditems.agoodexamplewouldbehouseholdgoodssuchaspaintingsandfurniture,packedbyaremovalist.

What types of materials are used for packaginggoods?

Therearemanytypesofmaterialsavailableforuseinpackinggoods.Inchoosingtherightoneforaparticularjobyouneedtoconsiderthefollowing:

wherethegoodshavetogo(forexample,whatdistancewilltheytravel)

howthegoodsaregoingtomove(forexamplebyroad,rail,airorsea)

howmanytimesthepackagewillbehandledbeforereachingtheenduser

anyspecialpackagingrequirements(forexample,frozenproductsordangerousgoodssuchasexplosives).


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Activity 1: Packing materials

In the space below, list the types of material you think would be

used for packing goods. This should be easy if you think aboutgoods you have purchased. Talk to your trainer if you need help inmaking up this list.

Example

cardboard __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

There is feedback on this activity at the back of this LearnersGuide.


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What types of containers are used for packinggoods?

Themainfunctionofcontainersistoenablethegroupingtogetherofgoodsintoasingleload(consolidation).

Anothertermcommonlyusedinthewarehouseforcontainersisloadcarriers.

Usingthecorrectcontainertosuitthegoodsbeinghandledisjustasimportantaspickingtherightpackingmaterials.Whenyouaredoingapackingjobalwaysthinkaboutthefunctionsofpackaging.


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Activity 2: Packing containers

In the space below, list the types of containers used to pack goods

in your workplace or at a warehouse you have visited. This activitycan also be conducted as a group discussion.

Talk to your trainer if you need help in making up this list.

Example

wooden crates __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________

_____________________ __________________________



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What are the work area OHS requirements forpacking goods?

Healthandsafetyisanimportantrequirementofanythingyoudointheworkplace.Whenpackinggoodsyouwillbeworkingwithdifferenttypesofequipmentandmaterials,eachwithitsownhandlingrequirements.


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Activity 3: Packing area health and safety

Can you think of three things that you must do to meet OHS

standards in a packing area? Look at the packing area function inyour own workplace or at a warehouse you have visited beforeanswering this question.

1. ___________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________



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Activity 4: Packing operations

This activity requires you to choose the correct answer to five

questions on packing operations. All questions are covered insection one, which you have just finished.

The questions are all multiple choice. This requires you to read thequestion and each response, then indicate with a tick in the boxbeside the response that you believe to be correct.

The four functions of packaging are:

protection, containment, information, utility protection, health, safety, utility

contain, inform, manage, advertise

Answer true or false. Damage to goods can be caused by shockor vibration during transport.

True False

One of the things you should consider when choosing packingmaterials is:

the time it takes to move the goods

how the goods are to be moved

the cheapest solution

Answer true or false. The function of a container is to keepdifferent products apart.

True False

Answer true or false. Health and safety issues are animportant part of packing operations.

True False



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Activity 5: Identify packing materials

The aim of this activity is to get you to identify the packing materials

that can be used for different goods.

Your trainer is to provide you with a list of three different types ofgoods.

You are required to:

identify how each of the individual goods is packaged. In otherwords the packaging materials used (for example, paper wrap,plastic bags, cardboard boxes and so on)

identify how the goods are packed for bulk movement (for

example the goods may be put into cartons or onto a palletwhich is then packaged with shrinkwrap or banded with straps).

Use the table on the next page to enter your response:


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Goods Packaging materials

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________

_______________________ ________________________



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Section 2

Factors to consider when packinggoods


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Section outline


Preparingordersforpacking(commonlycalledassembleandconsolidate)

Packagingspecifications

Thetypesofdocumentsusedinpackinggoods

Thetechnologyandequipmentusedforpackinggoods

Stackinggoodsonpallets


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How are orders prepared and packed?

Todoyourjobinthepackingareayoumustknowwhatyouare

requiredtodo.Forexample:

inasmallwarehouseyoumaybetoldtoassembleacustomerorder.Thismayinvolvepickingtheorderfromstore,movingtheordertothedispatcharea,packingtheorderandthensendingtheorder

inalargewarehouseyoumayworkinthepackingsection.Inthiscasetheordermaybepickedandassembledbypickingstaff.Itwouldthenbedeliveredtoyourlocationtobepackedfordelivery.Youwouldthensendthe

assembledordertothedispatcharea inanytypeofwarehouseyoumaybetoldtoconsolidatea

loadfordispatch.Thiswillrequiretheassemblingofanumberofcustomerordersandthenbringingthemtogetherforpackingintoasingleloadforeaseofdelivery.

InformationonhowgoodsarepreparedandpackedisincludedintheAdditionalresourcessectionofthisLearnersGuide.


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Activity 6: Assemble and consolidate orders

You should now discuss with your trainer the meaning of the terms

assemble and consolidate, as they apply in your workplace. Writeyour response below:

Assemble

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Consolidate

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________



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What are packaging specifications?

Whenpackinggoods,itisimportantthatthegoodsarehandled

properly.Tocarryoutcorrectpackingofgoods,youmustknowhowtousepackagingspecificationsforthegoodsyouwillhandle.

Thetypeofinformationthatyoucanexpecttofindinapackagingspecificationwillinclude:

thedimensionsoftheouterpackage(height,widthandlength)

theweightofthepackagedgoods

internalpackagingrequirements.Forexample,fitted

mouldsorfoaminserts

protectiverequirements.Forexample,againsttemperature,dustormoisture

specialhandling.Forexample,certainchemicalsshouldnotbepackedtogether

outerpackagingrequirements.Forexample,ifthinoutercartonsareusedthiswilllimitstackingduetothedangerofcrushinggoodswithinthecartons

thepreferredloadcarrierorcontainer.Thiswillnormallybebasedonexperiencewithhandlingthegoods

theshapeofthegoods.Notallgoodspackneatlyintoacubedimension.Forexample,lengthsofsteelmaybebandedandmovedusingaspeciallydesignedcradle

thelabellingrequired.Forexample,informationaboutdimensionsandweight,orhandlinginstructionssuchassymbolsorwrittenguidesthatmustappearontheouterpack.

Packagingspecificationinformationcanbegainedfromanumberofplaces.Theseinclude:

fromwrittenspecificationsforgoods.AnexampleofthisistheMaterialSafetyDataSheet(MSDS),whichmustbekeptforeachtypeofhazardousordangerousgoodsheldintheworkplace

fromtheactualgoods.Somegoodshaveaspecificationplatefixedtothem.Forexample,electricalgoods

fromtheouterpackage.Mostcartonscarryhandling

requirements,weightsanddimensions


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fromwarehouseoperatingprocedures.Thisisnormallyavailableforgoodsthatarefrequentlyhandledinthestore.


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AnexampleofapackagingspecificationisincludedintheAdditionalresourcessectionofthisLearnersGuide.


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Activity 7: Packaging specifications

Use the information you have just covered to list four packaging

specifications. You should also note where the information can befound. An example is provided below.

You should discuss this with your trainer or in a group with otherlearners.

Example package weight on the outer package

Complete this activity in the space below:

1 ______________________ ________________________

2 ______________________ ________________________

3 ______________________ ________________________

4 ______________________ ________________________



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What type of documentation is used in packingareas?

Documentationisusedinthepackingfunctiontorecordandcontroltheordersastheyareassembledand/orconsolidated.ExamplesofthetypesofdocumentationusedinpackinggoodsisincludedintheAdditionalresourcessectionofthisLearnersGuide.

Manyofthedocumentsusedinthepackingareaaremulti-userindesign.Thismeanstheycouldberaisedinanotherpartofthewarehouseandtravelwiththeorderintothepackingarea.Actionisthentakenandthedocumentnotatedorsignedoff.

Thetypeofdocumentationyoucouldberequiredtouseincludes:

packagelabels

orderpickingslips

packingslips

advicenotes

deliverynotes

pre-printedstickonlabels

packagingspecifications barcodes.

What type of technology and equipment is usedfor packing goods?

Tocarryoutpackingtasksyoumustbeabletouseanumberofdifferenttypesoftechnologyandequipment.Adescriptionofthe

varioustechnologyandequipmentisincludedintheAdditionalresourcessectionofthisLearnersGuide.Thetypeoftechnologyandequipmentyoumayberequiredtouseintheworkplaceis:

glueandsealingequipment

banding,strapping

netting

palletisers

binstackers

palletinverters


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conveyorsandrollers

shrinkwrapequipment

stretchwrapequipment

scanningdevices

handheldorbenchtopcomputersystems.


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Activity 8: Packaging technology and equipment

Discuss with your trainer the types of technology and equipment

used in your workplace. This can be the actual warehouse youwork in, or a simulated warehouse where training is beingundertaken by you.

From your discussion, identify five items of technology orequipment that you will be required to use when packing goods.You must also state the main purpose for each item selected.

Examplestaple gun to close and seal cartons

Complete the activity in the space below.

1 ______________________ ________________________

2 ______________________ ________________________

3 ______________________ ________________________

4 ______________________ ________________________

5 ______________________ ________________________



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How are goods stacked on pallets?

Palletsarethemostcommonloadcarrierthatyouwillworkwith.The

standardpalletyouwilldealwithistheonetonnere-useablewoodenpallet.Asastorepersonitwillbeyourjobtocorrectlypackpalletswithcustomerorders.Todothis,anunderstandingofthedifferentwaysthatgoodscanbestackedontopalletsisnecessary.

Theinformationthatfollowscoverspalletstackingforstandardloads.Forexample,cartonsandboxeswiththesamedimensions.Themainconsiderationswhenstackingpalletsare:

theloadedpalletshouldfitintothestoragerackswithinthewarehouse

theloadedpalletmustbewithinthesafeliftinglimitsofthematerialhandlingequipmentusedinthewarehouse

theloadedpalletmustbeabletofitexternaltransport

palletspaceshouldbefullyused

This example shows a poorly This example shows a balanced, stacked pallet, where space is not evenly spread stack.

used and is not evenly spread.

goodsshouldnotoverhangpallets.

This example shows goods overhang which leads to poor use of space

when loading pallets. This could also cause damage to the goods.

Thereareanumberofdifferentpatternsthatcanbeusedwhenstackingcartonsandboxesontoapallet.Someofthemorecommononesinclude:

blockpattern

rowpattern

brickpattern pinwheelpattern.


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AdescriptionoftheabovepatternsisincludedintheAdditionalresourcessectionofthisLearnersGuide.


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Activity 9: Using packing technology and equipment

In this activity you will be required to practice using technology and

equipment to pack goods. The activity will be conducted in yourworkplace or in a simulated warehouse. Your trainer will control thisactivity and arrange for you to be shown the use of each type oftechnology and equipment available.

You should practice the use of at least three kinds of technology orequipment to cover the requirement for:

wrapping orders

strapping orders

packing orders.

This activity is aimed at teaching you how to use a selection oftechnology and equipment in your workplace. Feedback for thisactivity will be given on-the-spot by your trainer.

Feedback for this activity should occur on-the-spot as trainingoccurs.


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Activity 10: Stacking a pallet

In this activity you will be required to stack a pallet with a customer

order, consisting of enough standard sized cartons to make upthree layers on the pallet. You will be required to use one of thepatterns covered in this Learners Guide. When you havecompleted stacking the pallet, you must then secure the order fordispatch. This must be done by using packing materials that arenormally used for securing pallet loads.

This activity is to be completed in your current workplace or in asimulated warehouse. Your trainer will control the activity andprovide advice if you need it.



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Section 3

Labelling of packaged products


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Section outline


Thereasonswhypackagesneedtobelabelled

Identificationofsymbolsandhandlinginstructionsusedinpackinggoods

Barcodingsystems


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Why do goods need to be labelled?

Todoyourjobinawarehouseyoumustbeabletoreadinformationon

labelsandtaketheactionindicatedonthelabel.Inyourjob,youwillalsohavetoselectandputthecorrectlabelsonpackagedgoods.Forexample,youwillhaveto:

labelgoodsforstorage

labelgoodsfordispatch

labeldamagedgoods

readlabelinformationtoworkoutwheregoodsneedtobemovedinthewarehouse

readlabelstofindthegoodsyouarelookingfor.Thismaybeaspartofpickinganorderforacustomer,oritcouldbeduringastocktakeinthewarehouse.

Theaimoflabellingpackagesisthereforeto:

provideidentificationonwhatthepackagecontains

givedirectiononwherethepackageistobesent

advertisethegoodscontainedinthepackage

provideinformationonhowthepackageshouldbehandled.

Agoodpackagelabellingsystemisonethat:

givesaccurateandreliableinformation

isuserfriendlytothewarehousestaff

isvisibletotheuser.Forexample,placelabelsonmorethanonesideofthepackage

ispartofatotalsystem.Thiswillincludesuppliers,

customersandotherdepartmentsofyourorganisation.

Labellingwithinthewarehousecanbedoneby:

amanualsystem.Thisrequiresinformationtobewrittenonlabelsbythewarehousestaff.Labelsarenormallypre-printed.Thelabelmaybeself-stickingormayrequiregluingtopackages

anautomaticsystem.Thisinvolvestheprint-outoflabelsfromacomputer.Labelsareself-sticking.Inafullyautomaticsystem,informationwillbeentered

electronically,thusrequiringlittleornoinputbythestorepersononthewarehousefloor.


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Thistypeoflabellingwillbecoveredingreaterdetailwhenyoulookatbarcoding.


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Activity 11: Packaging symbols and labels

In the next part of this section you will look at identification symbols

and special handling labels. Before you do this you should considerthe types of symbols or special handling labels you may have seen.For this activity it may be a good idea to visit a large departmentstore like Myers. When you do this, have a look at the packagedgoods and see what types of symbols and labels are fixed to thepackage. This can also be achieved in your workplace.

Once you have conducted your visit, in your own words give a briefdescription, of two symbols or labels you have seen.

Example

An open umbrella with rain drops falling is the symbolto keep a package dry.

Now provide your two examples:

1 ______________________ __________________________

2 ______________________ __________________________


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What symbols and special handling labels areused on packages?

Itisyourjobtohandleotherpeoplesproperty.Todothisyoumustbeawareofwhatthesymbolsonpackagesmean.Youmustalsofollowanyspecialhandlinglabelinstructions.Failuretodosocouldleadto:

goodsbeingdamaged

goodsbeinglost

risktohealthandsafetyofyourselforsomeoneelse

accidentsleadingtoinjury,death,orpropertydamage.

ExamplesofthemostcommonsymbolshavebeenincludedintheAdditionalresourcessectionofthisLearnersGuide.

Why is bar coding important in packing goods?

Studieshaveshownthatusingbarcodesystemswillimproveefficiencybyupto75%,andaccuracybyasmuchas90%.Itisnowonder,then,thattechnologyofthistypeisbecominganormalpartofthewarehouse.

Whenpackinggoods,barcodingcanhaveanumberofbenefits.Theseinclude:

agreateraccuracyincheckingorders

areducedmanuallabourbillthatallowsfortimetobeusedinotherprocesses

anautomaticrecordfortrackinggoodsthroughthepackingareaandontodispatch.

Abarcodeisapatternofdifferentwidthbarsandspaces.Thecodeisreadbyascanningdevicewhichthenfeedstheinformationintoacomputer.Atthispoint,informationcanbedown-loadedtothosewhoneedtoknowwithinthatsystem.

Thetypeofinformationthatcanbegainedfromabarcodesystemmayinclude:

stocklocations

stockkeepingunits(SKU).Thiscoversthewaygoodsarepackaged(forexample,aproductmaybepacked100

itemslooseinasealedcardboardboxwhichisonemetrecubedandweighs100kilograms)


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personnelidentifier,orthepersonwhopreparedtheorder

numberandtypeofcontainersneededtopackanorder

pickingpathsforraisingtheorder

packingoptionsandspecifications.

Tooperateabarcodesystemyouwilluseascanningdevicetosendinformationasyoucompleteataskandtoreceiveinformationthathelpsyoudoyourjob.Therearedifferenttypesofscanningequipmentandthemostcommonis:

handheldportablescanners,similartothoseusedinsupermarketstocheckstockontheshelves

laserscanningguns,agoodexamplebeingthepolicespeedguns

fixedbeamfixedscanners,likethoseusedatyourlocalsupermarketcheckout

movingbeamfixedscanners,asimilarideaasthesecuritycamerainastore.Itallowsawidecoveroftheworkareatocapturetheinformation.

AnexampleofabarcodehasbeenincludedintheAdditionalresourcessectionofthisLearnersGuide.


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Activity 12: Packing goods for dispatch

In this activity you will be required to pack a customer order ready

for dispatch. The activity is to be under the supervision of yourtrainer and may be conducted in your workplace or in a simulatedtraining warehouse.

Your trainer will select an appropriate order to enable you topractice most of the knowledge you have gained from workingthrough this Learners Guide.



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Additionalresources


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Publications:

AckermanK.B.PracticalHandbookofWarehousing,VanNostrandReinhold,NewYork

LindkvistR.G.THandbookofMaterialsHandling,EllisHorwoodLtd,Chichester,UK1985

Tomkins&SmithTheWarehouseManagementHandbook,MegrawHillBookCompany,USA

OccupationalHealth,Safety&WelfareRegulations,1995.

Othersourcesofinformationinclude:

workplacepackagingprocedures

packingequipmentusermanuals

packaginginformationbrochuresandmagazines.

Videos:

ManualHandling-SafetycareSeries

Aneasyguidetomanualhandling-Avoidingbackstrains

&pains-WorkplaceVideoProductions

Exampleforpreparingandpackinggoods:

Whenpreparinggoodsforpackingtherearemanythingsyoumustconsider.Thismayinclude:

thetypeofgoodsbeinghandled.Forexample,foodwouldrequiredifferentpackingtosayelectricalgoods

thetypeofcontainerthegoodsareassembledon.Inthiscaseyouwouldusecertainpackingmaterialstosecureapallet,comparedtogoodsthathavebeenassembledinplasticbins,thatcanbestackedandrequirenopackingmaterial

thewaythatgoodsarepackagedwilleffectthechoiceofcontainerforassemblyandthematerialforpacking.Forexample,anorderconsistingofthesametypeofgoodsandwithstandardpackagingmakesforeaseinstackingpallets.However,anordermadeupofmanydifferentgoodswithnostandardpackagingmaynotsuitapallet.


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Themethodofpackingcustomerordersreadyfordispatchcouldgosomethinglikethis:

receivetheordersfromthepicker

checktheorders,makingsurethequantityreceivedmatchesthetallyonthepickingslip

checkthatallouterpackagesarecorrectlylabelled,forexamplecustomeraddressandspecialhandlingrequired

identifythecorrectloadcarrierfortheorder.Orderassemblycanoftenoccuraspartofthepickingfunction

assembletheorderusingthecorrectloadcarrier

adviseanydiscrepancyfoundbeforeproceedinganyfurther

selectthecorrectpackingmaterialtosuitthegoodsandtheloadcarrier

packtheorderusingtheselectedpackingmaterial.Remembertoconsiderthetypeofgoodsbeingpacked.Forexample,heavygoodstothebottomandfragilegoodsprotectedfromdirectstrappingwhichmaycausedamage

consolidateordersintoasingleloadifrequired.Thisincludesselectingtherightcontainerfortheloadandanyadditionalpackingmaterialsneededtosecuretheload

weighandfinaltallyorders,makingsurethisinformationisplacedonthepickingslipand/ordeliveryadvicenote

labelallassembledorderstomeethandlingrequirements.Forexample,thecorrectsymbolsforchemicalgoodsandtheinformationlabelcoveringcustomerdeliverydetails

sendtheassembledorconsolidatedorderstodispatch,alongwithsupportdocumentation.

Sampleproductspecificationsheet:

Product:500mlsoftdrink

Packsize:24X500mlbottles

ItemNo:566

A.P.N.:17000123004780

T.U.N.:117000123004780

UnitDimensions:70.5mm(Dia)X187mm(h)


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Externalcartonsize:429(l)x288(w)x199(h)mm

Cartonweight:13kg

StackHeight:3palletshigh

Palletpattern:cases/row9

rows/pallet6

cases/pallets54

heightincludepallet1.34m

weightincludepallet835kgs

pattern-blockExampleofdocumentsusedinpackinggoods

packagelabels.Forexampleanaddresslabelwhichprovidessuchthingsasdeliverydetailsandproductinformation.Thepackagelabelisfixedtotheoutercontainer,inapositionwhereitcanbeeasilyseen.Anexampleisprovidedbelow.

S10004006001Supplier: ABCDistributors1StorystreetMileEnd.SA Deliverto:BestWholesalers245PortRoad

Woodville.SA Carrier:ArcRoadExpress

OrderNo:S10004 Pack:1.Device:2. GridRoute

0102


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orderpickingslipsarethemaindocumentsusedinthepackingareatochecktheorder.Insomewarehousesthepickingslipisamulti-copydocumentthatalsoservesasadeliverynote.Thisreducesthenumberofdocumentsrequiredintheorderprocess.Anexampleofapickingslipisproducedbelow.

ABCDISTRIBUTORS

PICKINGSLIPSOLDTO:BestWholesalersORDERREF:S10004DELTO:245PortRdAuthorisedby:B.QuickWoodvilleSA Date:09Jul1996OrderNo:VariousDispatchby:ArcRdExpAttention:I.A.HurryRequiredby:10Jul1996 LocnCodeDescriptionOrderPickedB/OSKU A1C250041Toiletpaperrolls66-CTNSB2C341321Paperhandtowels99-CTNS

B4B139042Plasticcups66-CTNSB6A366112Paperplates66-CTNSITEMSPACKED _________ParcelsTotalPackages 27CartonsTotalWeight.25tonne 1PalletsFreightCo.Arc

packingslipsareusedinmostwarehousestoprovideacheckatthereceivingendofwhatisactuallypackedinacontainerorloadcarrier.Oncecompletedbythepackeritis,normally,sealedinanenvelopeandattachedtotheloadcarrier.


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ABCDISTRIBUTORS

PACKINGSLIPAccountNo:SX1000 Page1of2Date:7Aug1996 Carrier:ArcRdExpCustomer:BestWholesalers

ConNo.

ItemNo. Qty PartNo. Description Location SKU

1 1 6 54-100-12 Toiletpaper WVille CTNS

2 9 56-109-23 PaperTowels

3 6 66-270-09 PlasticCups

4 6 44-700-11 PaperPlates

2 1 27 54-100-12 ToiletPaper WVille CTNS

adviceanddeliverynotesarecompletedinthedispatcharea.Theyareusedtoletthecustomerknowtheorderisontheway,andtoconfirmdelivery.Youmayberequiredtofilloutthesedocumentswhenpackinganddispatchfunctionsarecombined.

pre-printedstick-onsymbolsorhandlinginstructions.Theseformsarecoveredindetailinsectionthreeofthis

LearnersGuide packagingspecifications,anexampleappearsinthe

additionalresourcessectionofthisLearnersGuide

barcodeswhichwillbecoveredinsectionthree.

Exampleofdocumentflowinapackingarea

Thedocumentationflowinapackingareamaylooklikethis:

orderarrivesinpackingareawiththepickingslip

theorderischeckedagainstthepickslip

theorderisassembledorconsolidated

ordersareweighedandtallied

informationisenteredonthepickingslip

labelsarefixedtotheorderandinformationenteredonlabels

packingnoteordeliveryadviceiscompletedandfixedtotheorder.Thismaybeacarboncopyofthepickingslip.


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ExamplesoftechnologyandequipmentusedforpackingTheinformationthatfollowsisaselectionofthemorecommontypesoftechnologyandequipmentyouwilluseinawarehousetopackgoods.

Glueandsealingequipment

Inthepackingareayouwillberequiredtousetapedispensers,gluegunsandstaplingguns.Theseitemsofequipmentareusedtosealclosedpackages.Theyarealsousedinassemblingandconsolidatingorderstoholdpackagestogetheronloadcarriers.

Bandingandstrappingequipment

Therearemanykindsofbandingandstrappingequipment.Theyrange

fromhandoperatedtoolstoautomaticmachinesthatoperateaspartofaproductionline.Themainaimofbandingorstrappingistoholdgoodsandloadstogether.

Thistypeofequipmentsuitsgoodswhichhavearegularshapeandarenottoosoft.Metalstrapsareusedforheavier,moredurableloads.Awiderangeofplasticstrapsareavailableforlightandheavyloads.Theirusewilldependonthenatureofthegoodsbeingpacked.

Typicalusesforbandingandstrappingare:

forcardboardcartonsonpallets,thesemayrequiretheuseofrightangle,edgeprotectors

forbundlesofwoodormetalpiping

tosecurewoodencratesandboxes.

Binstackers

Ordersthataremadeupofseveralsmallitemsmayarriveinthepackingareainplasticorwoodbins.Ifthebinsareastandardsize,abinstackercouldbeused.Thesemachinesaredesignedtoloadpallets.Asimpleexampleissoftdrinkcrateswhicharetransferredincompletelayersofninecratesontoapallet.Thepalletisthenlowered,readytoreceivethenextlayerofcrates.

Palletisers

Thesearemachinesthatautomaticallystackthegoodsontopallets.Theyarenormallysitedattheendofaproductionline,orinafullyautomatedwarehouseusedforhighvolume,standardunitsofpack.Asimilarresultisbeingachievedwithrobotstoday.


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Forexample,pavingbricksarestackedontopalletsand,oncealayeriscompletethepalletisloweredtoreceivethenextlayer.Anexampleisshownbelow.

Palletinverter

Assembledloadsoftenarriveinthepackingareaondamagedpallets.Oryoumayrequiretoswapapurposedesignedpalletusedontheproductionlinewithageneralpurposepallet.Anexampleisinthefoodindustrywherespecialhygienicpalletsareusedinternallyandareverycostlytoreplace.

Whenthesesituationsariseapalletinvertercanbeusedtoexchangepalletswithouthavingtounloadandrestack.Thisequipmentcomesin

differentdesigns.Aninvertercansimplyturnaloadedpalletupsidedowntoenablethepallettobeexchanged.Anexampleisshownbelow.


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Conveyorsandrollers

Thisequipmentcomesinavarietyoftypes.Theyrangefromsimplegravityfedrollersystemstohightechautomaticrollerandconveyor

systems.Rollersandconveyorswillnormallyfeedintoorthroughthepackingarea.Thistypeofequipmentreducesmanualhandling.Ascissorliftplatformcanbeaddedtothesystemforstackingpallets.Examplesareshownbelow.

Mobileconveyorsystemfeedingintovehiclefromdock

Rollerconveyor

Shrinkwrapequipment

Orderscanbesecuredonceassembledorconsolidatedbyusingashrinkwrap.Thisinvolvesplacingaplasticfilmjacketovertheorderandapplyingheattotheplastic.Theplasticthenshrinkstotheshapeoftheordertoprovideasturdysealandprotectionfrommovement

andtheelements.

Thebasicwaytoshrinkwrapisbyusinganelectricorgasoperatedheatgun.Whenapplyingheatyoumustbecarefulnottoblistertheplastic.Thisisdonebykeepingtheheatgunawayfromtheorderandapplyingheatevenly.


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Inlargerwarehousesorfactoriesashrinkwrapmachineorovenisused.Anexampleofashrinkwrappedpalletisshownbelow.

Stretchwrapequipment

Stretchwrappinginvolvesexactlywhatissaid.Plasticfilmisstretchedaroundandoveranorder.Thiscanbeachievedusingahandheldreel.

However,forbetterresultsitisbesttouseastretchwrapmachine.Therearebasicallytwotypesofmachineryused:

apushthroughmachinehasorderscarriedintoandthroughasheetofplastic.Astheorderpassesthrough,theplasticstretchesoverandaroundtheorder.Itisthenweldsealed.

themostcommonstretchwrapmachineisaspiralwindingtype.Inthismethodanorderisplacedonaturntable.Thewrapisfixedtothebottomoftheorder.Astheturntablerotatesthewrapiswoundtightlyaroundtheorder.Themachinemovesthewrapuptheorderuntilitreachesthetop.Itthenrepeatstheprocessbacktothebottom.Thisisnormallyprogrammedintothemachine.Thewrapisthencutandtiedoftotheloadcarrier.

Stretchwrapisbestusedinpalletloadoperations.Anexampleofastretchwrapmachineisshownbelow.


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Examplesofpalletpatterns

Blockpattern

Thisisusedforroundorsquareitemsofuniformshape.Withthispatternthereisnobonding(interlockingofgoods).Woodorcardboardsheetscanbeplacedbetweenlayerstomaketheloadmorestable.Anexampleoftheblockpatternstackislaidoutbelow:

Top view lookingdown on the stack

Side view of block pattern on a palletRowpattern

Thisisusedforrectangularpackages.Thepatterngainsstabilityby

havingeachsuccessivelayerrunatrightanglestothelastlayer.Thisprovidesbondingbylayers.Anexampleoftherowpatternisshownbelow:

Top view lookingdown on the stack

Side view of row pattern on a pallet


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Brickpattern

Thisisthemostcommonpattern.Itissuitableforrectangularpackagesofstandardsize.Thepatternissimilarinlooktoabrickwall.

Eachlayerisplacedatrightangletothelayersaboveandbelowit.Thisprovidesbondingbetweenlayers,whichgivesthepatternahighdegreeofstability.Anexampleofthebrickpatternisshownbelow:

Top view looking downon the stack

Side view of brick pattern on a pallet

Pinwheelpattern

Anotherwayofstackingrectangularpackagesonapallet.Thepatternwhenbuilthasagoodstabilityandeachlayerisbondedtogether.Asmallamountofopenspaceremainsunusedinthecentreofthepallet.Anexampleofthepinwheelpatternisshownbelow:

Top view looking downon the stack. Shaded area

Side view of pinwheel pattern shows unused space

on a pallet


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Examplesofsymbols

ItwillnotbepossibletocovereverysymbolinthisLearnersGuide.Themorecommontypesofsymbolsappearbelowalongwiththeir

meaning:

KeepawayfromheatKeepdry

Fragile-handlewithcare Usenohooks

HeavyweightthisendThiswayup

SlingpointsCentreofMass


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ForsymbolsandspecialhandlinglabelsthatrelatetodangerousmaterialsandchemicalsyouwillbegivendetailedtrainingintheLearnersGuideHandledangerousandHazardousGoods.

Specialhandlinglabelscanappearassymbols(referabove).Orthey

canbeinwrittenform.Theycanbeexpressedsimply,forexample,thiswayupandopenotherend.Labelscanalsocontaindetailedinstructiononhowtohandleacertainproduct,orwhatiscontainedinthepackage.


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TheseassessmenttasksrelatetotheUnitofCompetencyTDTA1197BPackagegoods

Elementsofcompetency

Selectmaterialsandpackandwrapproducts

Uselabelingstandardstolabelpackagedproducts/loads


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Feedback onactivities

The responses provided in this section are suggested responses.Because every workplace is different, your responses may varyaccording to your specific workplace procedures, the equipmentavailable and the nature of the business.


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Activity 1: Packing materials

Compare your list of materials in activity 1 with the following

examples of packaging materials:

Material Types Uses

paper tissuebutchers

to wrap small packages orsecure items inside ofpackages and newsprintcontainers

shredded wadding

cardboard corrugated cartons mainly used to makesheets or layers inside ofpackages

particles sawdust secure items insidepopcorn polystyrene chipspackages wood shavingsor containers crushed ice

moulded

inserts

polystyrene

woodplasticcardboard

same as for particles

plastics bubblewrapsheet wrapstretch wrap

for inside or externalsecuring of goods andshrink wrap loads

banding orstrapping

metal strapsplastic strapstapes

to secure packages andloads to containers orload shift equipment twine

(string)

glues as per banding

netting secure pallets

The above list is only a sample of packing materials you couldexpect to use in a warehouse.


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Activity 2: Packing containers

Compare your list of containers in activity 2 with the following

examples: cardboard cartons (various design). This is one of the main

ways to package goods

loose support pads which are strapped to goods to providestorage protection and access for handling

simple boards of wood, metal or plastic which hold goodstogether. Used mainly in roller conveyor handling

bins, boxes and baskets formanual handling, made of wood,plastic, sheet metal, or wire mesh. Used for consolidating

smaller goods into one order bins, boxes and crates formechanised handlingof larger

items. Will normally have slots at bottom to allow for lifting.Made from wood, plastic, sheet metal or wire mesh

disposable or re-useable pallets used to stack packaged goodson for movement. This is the primary load carrier in awarehouse. Can be made from metal, plastic, foam orcardboard but are mostly wood

Steel palletCage pallet

4 Way pallet Wing pallet

Reversible pallet


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roll pallets are simply a pallet on wheels with wire mesh sidesand gates. Handy for packing loose goods

metal ISO containers. The big brother of load carriers. Theycome in a number of sizes and designs. Used to move generalcargo in bulk. Some examples are freezer, tanker and general

cargo. They can come in 10 to 40 foot, the most common beingthe 20 foot metal container.

The equipment detailed above is only a sample of containers orload carriers that are used in a warehouse.

Activity 3: Packing area health and safety

Compare your list in activity 3 with the following OHS issues thatneed to be considered in a packing area. Ask yourself:

is the area kept clean and tidy?

are there guards on moving parts of packing equipment? are workbenches at the correct height for manual tasks?

are proper safety signs and floor markings in place?

do you know how to operate equipment correctly?

do you know how to pack goods correctly?

is the proper safety gear available?

are goods being packed to specification?


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The questions listed above do not fully cover the requirements ofOHS. However, they do give you an idea of what you need toconsider.

Activity 4: Packing operations

Response a - protection, containment, information, utility

True

Response b - how the goods are to be moved

False - it allows goods to be grouped together into a single load

True.

Activity 5: Identify packing materials

Feedback is provided in the form of an example. This is done toshow you how to approach the activity. You need only list thematerials in your response.

an electric clock radio would be packed in a plastic bag. Theproduct is then placed in polystyrene moulded inserts andpacked into an individual cardboard box, which is then sealed

with tape or staples each individually boxed item is then grouped into a unit load of

10 per cardboard carton. For movement in bulk, the cartonsmay then be put on a pallet. The pallet load could then besecured using stretch wrap.

In this example you can see that several packing materials havebeen used these include:

plastic bags

polystyrene moulded inserts

cardboard boxes

glue

staples or tape

cardboard cartons

wooden pallet

stretch wrap.


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Activity 6: Assemble and consolidate orders

You can compare your response to activity 6 with the following

definitions of assemble and consolidate: assemble - means to pick the customers order and to place it

on the correct container ready for packing and dispatch. Youshould note that a container could consist of any type of loadcarrier. For example, pallets, cartons, boxes and so on

consolidate - means to group a number of customer orders intoa single load. An example of this would be where a warehouseassembles five orders, each in a carton. These are then placedon a pallet for movement to the same delivery place.

Activity 7: Packaging specifications

The following types of information can be found on the specificationsheets or on the outer package:

pack size

unit dimensions

carton size

pallet load pattern

product name

item numbers

goods codes

symbols and labels.

Activity 8: Packaging technology and equipment

Some examples of technology and equipment, including their usesare:

banding machine - used to strap goods to load carriers

glue gun - seal cartons and stick cartons together on loadcarriers

shrink wrap gun - secure goods to load carrier using plastic film

stretch wrap machine - same as shrink wrap

netting - secure goods to load carriers.


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Activity 10: Stacking a pallet

In doing this activity you must consider the following:

the use of a stacking pattern that suits the packages being used

that packages do not overlap the pallet

that packages are stacked tight thus using all space

that boards are used between layers if packages are fragile

the use of a suitable pallet load securing material. For example,shrink or stretch wrap, strapping and banding

the proper use of packing equipment. For example, strappingtools.

Activity 12: Packing goods for dispatch

The intention of this activity is to get you to put into practice whatyou have learnt. It may be that many of you will be in a worksituation and will get the chance to do this as a part of your job. Forthose that do not have that opportunity, this will at least enablesome practical training as a lead in to your assessment.

There is no set solution to this activity. However in doing the taskset by your trainer you should have:

checked the order against the pick slip for accuracy. This couldbe a manual check or electronic using a scanning device

selected the correct container/load carrier. For example, a pallet

selected the correct packing material. For example, wrap orbanding

selected and correctly operated the right packing equipment toapply the packing material. For example, shrink wrap gun

fixed the correct labels to the order. For example, address labeland handling symbols

completed the final check and weighing of the order

filled out all documentation or downloaded information if its anelectronic system. For example, packing notes, complete pickslip, or scan information

moved order to the dispatch area with all necessaryd t ti

tlia1107c - package goods - learner guide

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