tla laboratory manual english 2009

Trinidad Natural AsphaltLaboratory ManualEdition 2009

1. Table of contents...................................................................................................Natural asphalts in road construction 4

.............................................................................................................................................Definitions 5......................................................................................................................................Trinidad Epuré 5

..................................................................................................General composition and properties 5.......................................................................................................................Specific analysis data 6

.........................................................................................................Trinidad Natural Asphalt products 8.........................................................................................................................Quality management 8

.......................................................................................................................................CE marking 8..........................................................................................................................Trinidad Epuré Z 0/8 8

..............................................................................................................................Trinidad NAF 501 8......................................................................................................................Trinidad Powder 50/50 8......................................................................................................................Trinidad Powder 60/40 9

............................................................................................................................Trinidad TLC 50/50 9.............................................................................................................................Trinidad Epuré NV 9

..................................................................................Overview of Trinidad Natural Asphalt products 9...............................................................................................................................Forms of delivery 9

..........................................................................Blending refinery bitumen, PmB and Trinidad Epuré 10................................................................................................Overview of the changed properties 10

.................................................................................................Quantities of Trinidad Epuré products 10................................................................................................................................Initial type testing 11

.........................................................................................................................Preliminary remarks 11..................................................................................................................Details of binder content 11

.............................................................................................................................Mass dimensions 11.............................................................................Conversion of percentages into parts by weight 12.............................................................................Process of calculating an initial type testing 14

................................................................Calculation of the binder and mineral content of the mix 15.............................................................................................Example 1: use of Trinidad Epuré 15

................................................................................Example 2: use of Trinidad Powder 50/50 16............................................................Conversion of quantities by weight to quantities by volume 16

..............................................................................................................Preparation of the material 16.............................................................................Production of asphalt mixes and test specimens 17

.................................Production of rolled asphalt mixes in the laboratory using Trinidad NAF 501 17................................................................Extraction of Trinidad Epuré, TE products and TE mixes 17

.................................................................................................Detection of Trinidad Natural Asphalt 18..........................................................................Quantitative detection using gas chromatography 18

..................................................................Qualitative detection using the copper platelet method 18.......................................................................................................................Short description 18

.........................................................................................................Equipment and resources 18....................................................................................................................................Samples 19

.........................................................................................................................Implementation 19...........................................................................................Evaluation and details of the result 19

......................................................................................Safety notes and material safety data sheet 20..............................................................................Material/preparation and company designation 20

.................................................................................................Composition/details of components 20.............................................................................................................................Possible hazards 20

............................................................................................................................................First aid 20.....................................................................................................................Fire fighting measures 21

..........................................................................Measures to be taken when released by accident 21......................................................................................................................Handling and storage 21

....................................................................Limiting exposure and personal protective equipment 21....................................................................................................Physical and technical properties 21

......................................................................................................................Stability and reactivity 22

........................................................................................................................Details of toxicology 22............................................................................................................................Details of ecology 22............................................................................................................................Notes on disposal 22...........................................................................................................................Notes on transport 22

......................................................................................................................................Regulations 23....................................................................................................................................Other details 23

.............................................................................................................................Tables of quantities 24............................................................................................Tables of quantities for Trinidad Epuré 24

.......................................................................................Tables of quantities for Trinidad NAF 501 26...............................................................................Tables of quantities for Trinidad Powder 60/40 28...............................................................................Tables of quantities for Trinidad Powder 50/50 29

.....................................................................................Tables of quantities for Trinidad TLC 50/50 32.......................................................................................Tables of quantities for Trinidad Epuré LT 33

.........................................................................................Instructions on the addition of TE products 35...........................................................................................................CE - Certificate of Compliance 36

.................................................................................................................................................Imprint 37

2. Natural asphalts in road constructionAs a result of long-term distillation, polymerisation and condensation, nature has created bitumen of different hardness at many locations where crude oil has formed. Thousands of fossil records and more recent structures demonstrate the stability and also the variety of uses of this construction material.Peoples such as the Egyptians, Mesopotamians and Indians put natural asphalt to various uses which relate to its hardness. Hard bitumens and hard asphalts were used to provide permanent bonding. In contrast, for construction purposes, medium-hard bitumens or asphalts are used. Some years ago asphalt mortar was found on a building site in Baghdad. Its binder had an R&B softening point of 57 °C, making it roughly equivalent to today’s bitumen 40/50. These examples demonstrate the excellent ageing resistance of natural asphalts when they are selected appropriate to their kind of application.Today in road construction the bitumen distilled from crude oil is used as the basic binding agent for the production of all types of asphalt paving. Natural asphalt, as the ancestor of artificial bitumen is used to improve distillation bitumen in terms of its temperature-viscosity curve, its cohesion and adhesion, and at the same time to stabilise asphalt mixes with suitable fillers. As a naturally occurring mixture of bitumen and mineral aggregates natural asphalt is therefore needed in combination with refinery bitumen when specific properties of a mix have to be achieved, or when the treatment of the end product (such as a wearing course) is designed in order to achieve a high lifetime.Experience has shown that in the optimisation of bituminous mixes for road construction, an effect which improves bonding, stabilisation and homogenisation can only be expected from natural asphalt if all the following requirements are fulfilled:• The aggregate must be very fine-grained, not swellable and homogeneously bound with the natural

bitumen.• The aggregate must be in a balanced proportion to the natural bitumen.• The natural bitumen must have favourable properties for use in road construction. In use together with

refinery bitumen for wearing courses it must be neither too hard nor too soft.• Natural asphalts must always have the same composition and must have constant chemical and physical

properties.On these points practical experience produces the following values for the use of natural asphalt in combination with refinery bitumen:• The amount of finest grain (less than 0.03 mm) should be dominant so that a good stabilising effect can

be achieved.• A filler-bitumen ratio of 1:1 to 1:2 appears to be appropriate.• The R&B softening point of the bitumen extracted from natural asphalt should be between 50 and 90 °C.But it is particularly in their composition, hardness and quality that natural asphalts differ greatly from each other. The extent to which even the bitumen/aggregate ratio can differ is shown by a comparison of different natural asphalts:

overview on known natural asphaltsoverview on known natural asphaltsoverview on known natural asphaltsoverview on known natural asphaltsoverview on known natural asphaltsoverview on known natural asphalts

Name (source) Short descriptionBitumenBitumenBitumen Aggregate

Name (source) Short descriptionM.-% SP R&B °C Pen. 1/10 mm M.-%

Trinidad Epuré (Trinidad)

- bitumen content stable-bitumen medium-hard-bitumen with high bonding strength- very fine aggregate-aggregate with special cell structure

54 68 to 78 3 to 12 46

Selenizza(Albania)

- bitumen content high- bitumen hard and brittle- minerals partly swellable

79 121 0 21

Gilsoniteor Uintaite

(USA)

- bitumen content very high- bitumen very hard and brittle 98 132 to 185 0 2

3. DefinitionsAs a result of its long history of use all over the world, experts have developed many different terms for Trinidad Natural Asphalt. The following chart offers a brief overview of the most commonly used terms:

term explanation

TE abbreviation for Trinidad Epuré

TE-bitumen bitumen content of Trinidad Epuré, which can be assigned to the bitumen

TE-filler filler content of Trinidad Epuré, which can be assigned to the filler

TLA abbreviation for Trinidad Lake Asphalt

TNA abbreviation for Trinidad Natural Asphalt

Trinidad Epuré term for the refined natural asphalt

Trinidad Epuré waterthe crystalline-bound water contained in the Trinidad Natural Asphalt It is included in the initial type testing in terms of mass, through the TE-filler

Trinidad Lake Asphalt the most common generic term in the English-speaking world for the material

Trinidad Refined Lake Asphalt term used in the English-speaking world for refined natural asphalt

Trinidad raw asphalt term used for natural asphalt which has not yet been refined

Trinidad Pitch English term used for natural asphalt which has not yet been refined

Trinidad Pitch Lake English term for the asphalt lake

4. Trinidad Epuré4.1. General composition and properties

In the form, in which Trinidad Natural Asphalt is obtained from the asphalt lake, it presents a relatively consistent mixture of water, mineral components and bitumen. It has the following average composition:

bitumen 39.3 M.-%

mineral components 27.2 M.-%

water etc. volatile up to 160 °C 29.0 to 30.2 M.-%

hydrate water 3.3 M.-%

This mixture can more or less be considered as an emulsion. In this original composition, the raw Trinidad Natural Asphalt is not suitable for use in practice. It is therefore subjected to a melting and refinery process. The refined Trinidad Natural Asphalt, also known as Trinidad Epuré, is obtained from this process.The refined Trinidad Natural Asphalt (Trinidad Epuré) always has the same, consistent composition, as follows:

soluble bitumen 53.0 to 55.0 M.-%

aggregate 36.0 to 37.0 M.-%

other constituents 9.0 to 10.0 M.-%

The term “other constituents” refers to components of the Trinidad Epuré which cannot be considered either as bitumen or as aggregate. They can be determined by incineration.The aggregates are made up as follows:

< 0.063 mm 90.2 M.-%

0.063 to 0.125 mm 9.8 M.-%

Since Trinidad Epuré is added to the asphalt in amounts up to a maximum of 3.0 M.-%, the asphalt mix will only contain a maximum of 0.3 M.-% of “remaining constituents“, or 0.4 M.-% of the grain size > 0.063 mm. As a result of these low amounts, it is permissible and technically justifiable to consider the “remaining constituents” as filler (0 to 0.063 mm).Trinidad Epuré also contains crystalline-bound water. This cannot be removed from the Trinidad Epuré by the binder extraction process. It is only partially released at temperatures > 150 °C and is to some extent the reason of the good workability for which Trinidad Natural Asphalt is known. This water content is disregarded in calculations regarding Trinidad Natural Asphalt products.Other properties:

colour matt black

density 1.40 to 1.42 g/cm3

penetration 1 to 4 1/10 mm

SP R&B 93 to 98 °C

sulphur content 6 to 8 M.-%

Soluble bitumen obtained by extraction from the Trinidad Epuré in accordance with TP A-01 (EN 12697-1) has the following properties:

density 1.06 to 1.08 g/cm3

penetration 3 to 12 1/10 mm

softening point R&B 68 to 78 °C

4.2. Specific analysis dataGeneral characteristic properties of Trinidad Epuré:

colour black

break conchate

gloss dull

coat black

specific weight at 25 °C 1.4 to 1.42 g/cm3

penetration at 25 °C 1.5 to 4.0 1/10 mm

ductility at 25 °C 1.0 to 1.8 cm

softening point, Kraemer-Sarnow 84 to 87 °C

softening point, ring and ball 94 to 97 °C

volatilisation loss at 160 °C in 5 hours 1.1 to 1.7 M.-%

sulphur content 6 to 8 M.-%

cubic coefficient of expansion 0.000287 per °F

specific heat 0.437

electric strength 58 Kilovolt

Close consideration of the above table shows that the sum of the bitumen soluble in carbon disulphide and of the aggregate content does not add up to 100 M.-%. The difference can be explained by the presence of undisclosed organic matter (in part bitumen) which is lost during the burning process. In Trinidad Natural Asphalt the fine aggregate content is able to retain bitumen by absorption. The quantity of this non-soluble bitumen has been estimated to be around 1.3 M.-%. For Trinidad Epuré it is around 0.5 M.-%.The remaining part of the material which cannot be more closely defined consists of hydrate water, volatile elements of clay and of the other minerals in the mineral component, and organic materials, mainly of vegetable origin. It is not possible to give precise details of these constituents. The overall share of this material which cannot be more closely defined rarely rises above 9 to 10 M.-%.

The following table gives an overview of the solubility of Trinidad Epuré in different solvents:

carbon disulphide 54.0 M.-%

trichloroethylene 54.0 M.-%

perchloroethylene 54.0 M.-%

chloroform 53.0 M.-%

toluol 49.9 M.-%

decahydronaphthaline 48.3 M.-%

carbon tetrachloride 45.7 M.-%

ether 43.2 M.-%

alcohol / ether mixture 50 : 50 36.8 M.-%

petroleum-naptha 80° B 36.0 M.-%

petroleum / ether mixture 40 : 60 35.5 M.-%

acetone 25.5 M.-%

pyridine 23.0 M.-%

ethyl alcohol 7.5 M.-%

The group division of the total bitumen by solvents into the different parts gives the following results:

in Trinidad Epuré in the soluble bitumen component of Trinidad Epuré

maltene 36.0 M.-% 66.7 M.-%

asphaltene 18.0 M.-% 33.3 M.-%

carbene 3.8 M.-% 15.8 M.-%

soft asphalt 17.2 M.-% 31.8 M.-%

When Trinidad Natural Asphalt is dissolved in a suitable solvent and the mix is filtered and then observed by microscope set to a strong magnification, it appears that a part of the mineral component has passed through the filter and now causes a Brownian motion in the solution. When thinned to 1 in 5000, more than 400,000 particles per m3 are present in the solution; they can be identified as floating (colloidal) particles.A solution of Trinidad Natural Asphalt thinned in carbon disulphide, after having been left at rest for a month, showed 4.5 M.-% of the mineral component floating. After three months the figure was still at 2.57 M.-%. This figure continued to decrease during further storage of up to six months.In terms of their quantity the mineral components present in the Trinidad Epuré represent between 36 to 38 M.-% of the total weight. They consist mainly of quartz and silt and the residues of salts which were emulsified in the raw Trinidad Natural Asphalt during the long history of its creation.A chemical investigation of these mineral components gave the following average composition:

SiO 70.64 M.-%

Al2O3 17.04 M.-%

Fe2O3 7.62 M.-%

CaO 0.70 M.-%

MgO 0.90 M.-%

Na2O 1.56 M.-%

K2O 0.35 M.-%

SO3 0.97 M.-%

Cl 0.22 M.-%

5. Trinidad Natural Asphalt productsIn order to be used in modern asphalt mixing plants, Trinidad Natural Asphalt is further processed to products which can be easily added into the mix. Besides granulated and ground forms, combined products can also be supplied to allow several components to be added in one step.

5.1. Quality managementThe manufacture of all Trinidad Natural Asphalt products is made in compliance with the strict current quality requirements set by DIN EN ISO 9001:2000.

5.2. CE markingTrinidad Natural Asphalt is embedded in the European standard EN 13108, part 4, annex B. The compliance with this standard is proven by an initial type testing and certified from an authorised institution. The certificate of compliance is printed in the annex of this manual.The CE-marking is affixed or printed on the products and on the delivery notes following the guideline 93/68/EWG.

5.3. Trinidad Epuré Z 0/8Trinidad Epuré Z 0/8 (TE Z 0/8) is Trinidad Epuré reduced to the grain size 0/8 mm, to which a separator which acts against the adhesion of the granulate is added. Due to the low amount of this separating agent added, the theoretical change in the TE Z 0/8 composition is disregarded, so that for TE Z 0/8 the same composition is assumed as for Trinidad Epuré:

TE-bitumen on av. 54.0 M.-%

TE-filler on av. 46.0 M.-%

When designing the mix, the TE-bitumen is assigned to the bitumen content of the mix. The TE-filler has to be assigned to the filler fraction (0 to 0.063) of the mix.

5.4. Trinidad NAF 501Trinidad NAF 501 is a granulate consisting of 83.3 M.-% Trinidad Epuré and 16.7 M.-% cellulose fibre. Depending on the form it is delivered, it is available in the grain sizes 0/5, 6/10 and 0/10. A bitumen-protective process is used by which the fibres are homogeneously coated with Trinidad Epuré. Based on the ratio by weight between Trinidad Epuré and cellulose fibre (5:1), the following composition can be calculated:



cellulose fibre on av. 16.7 M.-%

When designing the mix, the TE-bitumen is assigned to the bitumen content of the mix. The TE-filler and the fibre have to be assigned to the filler fraction (0 to 0.063) of the mix.

5.5. Trinidad Powder 50/50Trinidad Powder 50/50 (TP 50/50) consists of 50.0 M.-% of finely ground Trinidad Epuré and 50.0 M.-% of limestone filler with very low quantities of diatomite. This gives the following composition of the TP 50/50:



limestone filler on av. 50.0 M.-%

When designing the mix, the TE-bitumen is assigned to the bitumen content of the mix. The TE-filler and the limestone filler have to be assigned to the filler fraction (0-0,063) of the mix.

5.6. Trinidad Powder 60/40Trinidad Powder 60/40 (TP 60/40) consists of 60.0 M.-% of finely ground Trinidad Epuré and 40.0 M.-% of limestone filler. This gives the following composition of the TP 60/40:




When designing the mix, the TE-bitumen is assigned to the bitumen content of the mix. The TE-filler and the limestone filler have to be assigned to the filler fraction (0-0,063) of the mix.

5.7. Trinidad TLC 50/50Trinidad TLC 50/50 (TLC 50/50) consists of 50.0 M.-% of finely ground Trinidad Epuré plus polymers and up to 50.0 M.-% limestone filler. This gives the following composition of the TLC 50/50:

TE-bitumen (incl. polymers) on av. 28.0 M.-%



When designing the mix, the TE-bitumen (inc. polymers) is assigned to the bitumen content of the mix. The TE-filler and the limestone filler have to be assigned to the filler fraction (0-0,063) of the mix.

5.8. Trinidad Epuré NVTrinidad Epuré NV (TE NV) is Trinidad Epuré reduced to the grain size 0/8 mm, to which a separator which acts against the adhesion and a wax (long chain paraffin) is added. The product is designed to improve the low temperature behaviour of the asphalt mix. When using TE NV, a separate additive to improve the low temperature behaviour is therefore not necessary.

TE-bitumen (incl. wax) on av. 54.0 M.-%


When designing the mix, the TE-bitumen (incl. wax) is assigned to the bitumen content of the mix. The TE-filler has to be assigned to the filler fraction (0 to 0.063) of the mix.

5.9. Overview of Trinidad Natural Asphalt products

drums TE Z 0/8 TE LT* NAF 501 TP 50/50 TP 60/40 TLC 50/50**

Trinidad Epuré 100 M.-% 100 M.-% 100 M.-% 83 M.-% 50 M.-% 60 M.-% 50 M.-%

limestone filler - - - 50 M.-% 40 M.-% 50 M.-%

cellulose fibre - - 17 M.-% - - -

*) incl. wax, **) incl. polymers

5.10.Forms of deliveryTrinidad Natural Asphalt products are supplied in a variety of different forms of delivery. The following table gives an overview of the various forms in which the products are delivered. The specific forms of delivery may be matched to the requirements of the customer.

TE TE Z 0/8 TE LT NAF 501 TP 50/50 TP 60/40 TLC 50/50

drums x - - - - - -

bags - x x x x x x

Big-Bag - x x x x x x

silo - - - x x - x

bulk - x x x - - -

6. Blending refinery bitumen, PmB and Trinidad EpuréThe rheological properties of any refinery bitumen can be modified through blending it with Trinidad Epuré. For some blends of these refinery bitumen with Trinidad Natural Asphalts, the following figure shows the changed rheological properties of the soluble component of the bitumen before processing. PmB can also be modified using Trinidad Natural Asphalt.

6.1. Overview of the changed properties

TypeMix ofMix of Content of soluble

bitumen in the mix

Properties of the soluble bitumen content before processing

Properties of the soluble bitumen content before processingType

refinery bitumen Trinidad Epuré

Content of soluble bitumen in the mix

Penetration SP R&B

M.-% M.-% M.-% 1/10 mm °C

30/45 80 20 90.8 45 to 31 55 to 61

30/45 75 25 88.5 44 to 30 56 to 62

30/45 70 30 86.2 43 to 29 57 to 63

50/70 85 15 93.1 65 to 46 50 to 56

50/70 80 20 90.8 63 to 44 51 to 57

50/70 75 25 88.5 61 to 43 52 to 58

50/70 70 30 86.2 59 to 41 53 to 59

50/70 65 35 83.9 57 to 39 53 to 59

70/100 85 15 93.1 92 to 64 46 to 51

70/100 80 20 90.8 89 to 62 47 to 52

70/100 75 25 88.5 86 to 60 48 to 53

70/100 70 30 86.2 83 to 58 49 to 54

70/100 65 35 83.9 80 to 56 50 to 56

If other types of bitumen or other proportions of Trinidad Natural Asphalt are selected then the properties of the soluble binder must be determined. For the initial type testing the various portions of soluble bitumen and of aggregate must be considered based on the composition of the Trinidad Natural Asphalt product used.

7. Quantities of Trinidad Epuré productsAn important advantage of the use of Trinidad Natural Asphalt for the modification of asphalt and bitumen lies in the fact, that a specific match between refinery bitumen viscosity and the Trinidad Natural Asphalt quantity allows optimised solutions (technically and commercially) to be developed for almost all requirements. The following figures are recommended and may be adapted to the specific requirements of the project.

mix TE TE C 0/8 TE LT NAF 501 TLC 50/50 TP 50/50*

SMA 1.5 M.-% 1.5 M.-% 1.8 M.-% 1.8 M.-% 2.1 M.-% 3.0 M.-%

AC B 1.0 M.-% 1.0 M.-% 1.2 M.-% 1.2 M.-% 1.5 M.-% 2.0 M.-%

AC D 1.5 M.-% 1.5 M.-% 1.6 M.-% 1.8 M.-% 2.0 M.-% 3.0 M.-%

PA 11PA 8

1.3 M.-%1.4 M.-%

1.3 M.-%1.4 M.-%

-1.5 M.-%1.7 M.-%

2.1 M.-%2.6 M.-%2.8 M.-%

MA 2.0 M.-% 2.0 M.-% 2.2 M.-% - - 4.0 M.-%

*) For Trinidad Powder TP 60/40 the same primary bitumen viscosities applies. The amounts to be added can be derived from the ratio of TE-bitumen to TE-filler.

8. Initial type testing8.1. Preliminary remarks

The design of an asphalt mix is recorded in an initial type testing. This is to verify, that the mix is in compliance with the requirements of the TL Asphalt (EN 13108). The initial type testing has to be performed following the relevant parts of the standard TP Asphalt (EN 12697). The initial type testing has to be recorded in a report, which is also the declaration of compliance of the manufacturer. The report must give the following information:• name and address of the manufacturer and the mixing plant• date of authoring• reference to EN 13108 and EN 12697• aggregates, bitumen, filler and supplier of these materials• name of mix, mix design and test results

8.2. Details of binder contentThe binder content in the mix is normally given in M.-% (formerly W.-%). This form of stating the content is particularly suited for the results of investigations of mixes (monitoring and control checks on suitability) as can be seen from the following example:

initial weight of mix (dry) 1,500.0 g = 100.0 M.-%

back weight of mineral -1,410.0 g = 94.0 M.-%

soluble binder 90.0 g = 6.0 M.-%

According to this the mix consists of 6.0 M.-% soluble binder and 94.0 M.-% of mineral aggregates. In the sieve analysis, the 94.0 M.-% aggregate is taken as 100 M.-% and its particle size distribution calculated on this basis.However in the initial type testing the quoting the binder content in percent is not sensible since during the initial type testing different amounts of binder are added to a constant aggregate mix. Therefore in initial type testings, the dimension “parts by weight (GT in German)” is used. The aggregate mix has - independent of its weight - the dimension “100 GT aggregate”.The amount of binder added to this 100 GT aggregate has the dimension “GT binder to 100 GT aggregate”. Often the term extensions “aggregate” or “to 100 GT aggregate” are omitted and only the dimension “GT” given.

8.3. Mass dimensionsThe following graphics explain the difference between M.-% and GT in the investigation of a sample mix and the preparation of an initial type testing. Asphalt with 6.0 M.-% refinery bitumen (example):

10

0 G

T a

gg

reg

ate

6

.38

GT

bitu

me

n

15

95

,7 g

= 1

06

.38

GT

asp

ha

lt

94

M.-

% a

gg

reg

ate

6

.0 M

.-%

bitu

me

n

15

00

g =

10

0

M.-

% a

sp

ha

lt

90.0 g

refinery bitumen

1410 g

aggregate

95.7 g

refinery bitumen

1500 g

aggregate

sample of mix initial type testing

Asphalt with 6.0 M.-% total binder content from refinery bitumen and 2.0 M.-% Trinidad Epuré* (example):

8.4. Conversion of percentages into parts by weightThe following conversion formulae apply for asphalts which consist of only two components (refinery bitumen and mineral aggregate):conversion of M.-% to GT:

GT =M.-%

x 100 (Gl. 1)GT =100 - M.-%

x 100 (Gl. 1)

conversion of GT to M.-%:

M.-% =GT

x 100 (Gl. 2)M.-% =100 - GT

x 100 (Gl. 2)

These formulae and the corresponding existing conversion tables apply to all mixes which comprise only two components, such as bitumen and mineral aggregate.Should an asphalt mix consist of more than two components, e.g. refinery bitumen, Trinidad Epuré and mineral aggregate then these formulae cannot be used. When estimating the quantities of binder in asphalts to which Trinidad Epuré is also added then the procedure to be used when converting from M.-% to GT (and the reverse) is as follows:Example of a conversion from M.-% to GT for Trinidad Epuré (TE):

93.08 M.-% mineral = 93.08 M.-% ÷ 93.08 M.-% 100 = 100.00 GT mineral

2.00 M.-% TE = 2.00 M.-% ÷ 93.08 M.-% 100 = 2.15 GT TE

4.92 M.-% bitumen = 4.92 M.-% ÷ 93.08 M.-% 100 = 5.29 GT bitumen

100.00 M.-% asphalt = 107.44 GT asphalt

15

14

.8 g

= 1

00

.99

GT

min

era

l

96

.75

g =

6.4

5 G

T

bitu

me

n

16

11

.6 g

= 1

07

.44

GT

asp

ha

lt

14

10

g =

94

M.-

% m

ine

ral

90

g =

6 M

.-%

bitu

me

n

15

00

g =

10

0 M

.-%

asp

ha

lt

73.8 g refinery

bitumen

1396.2 g mineral

79.3 g refinery

bitumen

1500 g mineral

sample of mix initial type testing

TE-bitumen

TE-bitumen

TE-filler

TE-filler

30.0 g

TE *)

32.3 g

TE *)

93

.08

M.-

% a

gg

reg

ate

2.0 M.-%

TE

4.92 M.-%

ref. bit.

10

0 G

T a

gg

reg

ate

2.15 GT

TE

5.29 GT ref.

bit.

*) Trinidad Epuré: 54 M.-% TE-bitumen + 46 M.-% TE-filler

The corresponding conversion formula is:

GT =M.-% of the components searched for

x 100 (Gl. 3)GT =M.-% mineral

x 100 (Gl. 3)

Example of a conversion from GT to M.-% for Trinidad Epuré (TE):

100.00 GT mineral = 100.00 GT ÷ 107.53 GT 100 = 93.00 M.-% mineral

2.15 GT TE = 2.15 GT ÷ 107.53 GT 100 = 2.00 M.-% TE

4.92 GT bitumen = 5.38 GT ÷ 107.53 GT 100 = 5.00 M.-% bitumen

107.53 GT asphalt = 100.00 M.-% asphalt


M.-% =GT of the components searched for

x 100 (Gl. 4)M.-% =GT asphalt

x 100 (Gl. 4)

Trinidad Epuré products consist of two components, the TE-bitumen and the TE-filler. The total binder content of an asphalt mix prepared using TE products thus consists of refinery bitumen and TE bitumen. The 0 to 0.063 mm filler content in the mix consists of the filler content of the aggregate plus the TE-filler. When making an initial type testing, both of the components of the Trinidad Epuré must be considered.

When converting the TE-filler content in the asphalt mix (TE-filler(A)) to the TE-filler content in the mineral aggregate mix (TE-filler(M)) then, with a total binder content of 6 M.-% and a Trinidad Epuré content of 2 M.-% in the asphalt mix (as shown in the following example) the following procedure must be used:a) Calculation of the percentage distribution of the mineral aggregate in the asphalt:

mineral aggregate content (A) = 100 M.-% - 6 M.-% = 94.00 M.-% mineral(M)

TE-filler(A) from 2.0 M.-% TE = 2 M.-% x 0.46 = 0.92 M.-% TE-filler(M)

aggregate(A) = 93.08 M.-% aggregate(M)

a) Calculation of the percentage distribution of the minerals in the mineral mix:

0.92 M.-% TE-filler(A) = 0.92 M.-% : 94 M.-% x 100 = 0.98 M.-% TE-filler(M)

93.08 M.-% aggregate(A) = 93.08 M.-% : 94 M.-% x 100 = 99.02 M.-% aggregate(M)

94.00 M.-% mineral(A) = 100.00 M.-% mineral(M)


M.-% mineral aggregate fraction (M) =M.-% mineral aggregate fraction (A)

x 100 (Gl. 5)M.-% mineral aggregate fraction (M) =M.-% mineral aggregate(A)

x 100 (Gl. 5)

The meaning of the indices here is: (M) related to mineral = 100 M.-% (A): related to asphalt = 100 M.-%

Change in the percentage content of a mineral aggregate component (e.g. TE-filler) as a share in the asphalt mix or as a share in the mineral mix (example):

8.4.1. Process of calculating an initial type testingCalculation process for an initial type testing with 1.8 M.-% Trinidad NAF 501 for a SMA with a desired total binder content of 6.5 M.-% (example):

mix no. 1a 1b 1c

NAF 501 - planned - M.-% 1.8 1.8 1.8

total binder content - selected - M.-% 6.2 6.5 6.8

TE-bitumen = 1.8 45.0 M.-% M.-% 0.81 0.81 0.81

refinery bitumen 50/70 M.-% 5.39 5.69 5.99

mineral = 100 M.-% - NAF 501 M.-% - 50/70 M.-% M.-% 92.81 92.51 92.21

refinery bitumen 50/70 (Gl. 3) GT 5.808 6.151 6.496

NAF 501 (Gl. 3) GT 1.939 1.946 1.952

mineral (Gl. 3) GT 100 100 100

total GT 107.747 108.097 108.448

1410 g

= 1

00 M

.-%

min

era

l

93.0

8 M

.-%

min

era

l

1500 g

= 1

00 M

.-%

Asphalt

90 g binder content

1396,2 g

mineral

1410 g

aggregate

sample of mix sieve

13.8 g

TE-filler

94 M

.-%

Min

era

l

6.0 M.-% binder

content

99.0

2 M

.-%

min

era

l

0.98 M.-%

TE-filler

detection of binder content

0.92 M.-%

TE-filler

Initial weight of laboratory mixes with 5 kg mineral:

mineral g 5000.00 5000.00 5000.00

NAF 501 = GT NAF 501 50 + g 96.95 97.30 97.60

bitumen B 50/70 = GT 50/70 50 + g 290.40 307.55 324.80

asphalt = g 5387.35 5404.85 5422.40

Checks:

TE-Bitumen = 45.0 M.-% of NAF 501 net weight g 43.63 43.79 43.92

total binder content = 50/70 + TE-bitumen g 334.03 351.34 360.72

total binder content M.-% 6.2 6.5 6.8

Calculating the TE-filler:

TE-filler (A) in the asphalt = 1.8 (38.3 M.-% + 16.7 M.-%) M.-% 0.99 0.99 0.99

of which cellulose fibre (A) = 1.8 16.7 M.-% M.-% 0.30 0.30 0.30

mineral aggregate (A) = 100 - total binder content M.-% 93.80 93.50 93.20

TE-filler(M) in the mineralTE-filler(M) in the mineral (Gl. 4) M.-% 1.055 1.059 1.062

roundedrounded M.-% 1.1 1.1 1.1

of which cellulose fibre (M) =100 (1.8 16.7 M.-%)

mineral aggregate(A)M.-% 0.32 0.32 0.32

The limestone filler content in the aggregate mix(M) must be added such that the 0 to 0.063 mm grain size is reduced by about 1.1 M.-%, in order to guarantee the desired total filler content including the TE-filler.

8.5. Calculation of the binder and mineral content of the mix8.5.1. Example 1: use of Trinidad Epuré

The bill of quantities calls for 2.0 M.-% Trinidad Epuré. The content of soluble bitumen should be at least 7.1 M.-%.The 2.0 M.-% Trinidad Epuré contains 2.0 x 0.54 = 1.08 M.-% of soluble bitumen, so that as the requirement is for 7.1 M.-% soluble bitumen, only 6.0 M.-% refinery bitumen is needed. The 2.0 M.-% Trinidad Epuré contains 2.0 x 0.46 = 0.92 M.-% of filler,* which can be added to the filler when calculating the grain size distribution of the mineral mix.The calculation of the amounts needed to prepare the initial type testing is therefore made as follows:

refinery bitumen = 6.00 M.-% => 6.46 GT

} 7.62 GTsoluble bitumen from 2.0 M.-% Trinidad Epuré = 1.08 M.-% => 1.16 GT } 7.62 GT

filler from 2.0 M.-% Trinidad Epuré = 0.92 M.-% => 0.99 GT } 100.00 GTmineral aggregate mix = 92.00 M.-% => 99.01 GT } 100.00 GT

100.00 M.-% => 107.62 GT

The properties of the soluble bitumen that result from the mix of 6.0 M.-% refinery bitumen and 2.0 M.-% Trinidad Epuré (mix ratio 75:25) are to be taken from 5.1.

8.5.2. Example 2: use of Trinidad Powder 50/50Assuming that the aim is to use the same proportions of Trinidad Natural Asphalt (as in example 1) the following calculations result:The 4.0 M.-% Trinidad Powder contains 4.0 x 0.27 = 1.08 M.-% soluble bitumen. With a minimum binder content of 7.1 M.-% in the mix, the amount of refinery bitumen required is 6.0 M.-%. The 4.0 M.-% Trinidad Powder contains 2.0 x 0.23 = 0.92 M.-% of filler * and 4.0 x 0.5 = 2.0 M.-% limestone filler, which can be added to the filler when calculating the grain size distribution of the mineral mix.

refinery bitumen = 6.00 M.-% => 6.46 GT

} 7.62 GTsoluble bitumen from 4.0 M.-% Trinidad Powder = 1.08 M.-% => 1.16 GT } 7.62 GT

fines content from 4.0 M.-% Trinidad Powder = 0.92 M.-% => 0.99 GT

} 100.00 GTlimestone filler content** from 4.0 M.-% Trinidad Powder = 2.00 M.-% => 2.15 GT } 100.00 GT

mineral aggregate mix = 90.00 M.-% => 96.86 GT

} 100.00 GT

100.00 M.-% => 107.62 GT

If other mix ratios are used, then a similar procedure is to be followed.*) see EN 13108, part 4, annex B.**) the limestone filler corresponds with the TL aggregate StB (EN 13043).

8.6. Conversion of quantities by weight to quantities by volumeFor mixes of Trinidad Epuré and refinery bitumen at different temperatures:

temperature (°C) 25 150 175 200

1 kg Trinidad Epuré (litres) 0.71 0.75 0.76 0.77

1 kg mix of 50 M.-% Trinidad Epuré and 50 M.-% refinery bitumen (litres) 0.84 0.90 0.91 0.92

1 kg mix of 70 M.-% Trinidad Epuré and 30 M.-% refinery bitumen (litres) 0.79 0.84 0.85 0.86

8.7. Preparation of the materialThe preparation of laboratory mixes is described in the TP A-35 (EN 12697-35). The materials to be used in the initial type testing are mixed with each other when hot. For this purpose, the aggregates and the refinery bitumen to be used are heated in the heat cabinet to the following temperatures in accordance with TP A-35 (EN 12697-35).

for type of binder binder minerals mix

rolled asphalt refinery bitumen 30/45 to 160/220(see EN DIN 12591) 120 °C to 150 °C max. 160 °C 130 °C to 160 °C

mastic asphalt refinery bitumen 30/45 and 50/70(see EN DIN 12591) 120 °C to 150 °C max. 240 °C 220 °C to 240 °C

A sufficient amount of the Trinidad Epuré product is placed in a suitable container such as a porcelain pan, and shortly before producing the mix is heated over a heat source (f. e. Bunsen burner) to around 190 °C. It is stirred constantly at this temperature to prevent the filler from settling.The addition of cold Trinidad Epuré products is not sensible in the laboratory (in contrast to large-scale production) since the mix intensity in the laboratory is much lower than in large-scale production. For this reason, even the granulated Trinidad Epuré products must always be added when hot. Only in this way can the desired homogenous mix of the binder be assured during the laboratory mix process as also e.g. the activation of the fibres in the Trinidad NAF 501.

In special cases, where mixes with different binder content but a constant ratio between refinery bitumen and Trinidad Epuré have to be prepared, then these two components must be exactly measured and added separately. The preparatory production of a binder mix at the desired mix ratio is not recommended for the production of any aggregate mix, since despite careful stirring of the binder mix a settling of the TE-filler cannot be excluded. The risk of settlement is greater, if the binder mix is rich in bitumen.

8.8. Production of asphalt mixes and test specimensThe preparation of laboratory mixes should in principle be made using laboratory mixers (exceptions to this will be discussed later). The mix containers and the mixing tool must first be heated up to the mix temperature. During the mixing process, the mix container must continue to be heated in order to avoid the mix cooling down below the required mix temperature.The aggregate is to be added to the mix container when hot (at the mix temperature) in such a way, that the coarse part is at the bottom and the fine part at the top. The hot binder is added (first the refinery bitumen followed by the hot Trinidad Epuré product) in a depression in the upper-lying fine mineral aggregate. The mixing process should then start immediately.For rolled asphalts, the mixing process must continue for 3 minutes. After the subsequent division into samples and heating of the individual quantities to the compaction temperature, the test specimens needed for the test can be prepared. The standard procedure for the production of rolled asphalt mixes is given in TP A-35 (EN 12697-35).The mixing of mastic asphalt should also be produced in an asphalt mix laboratory stove. The dwell time should be around 15 minutes in order to allow intense mixing. A much longer mixing time often leads in the laboratory to a hardening of the binder, which is much intensive then in the large-scale production. This is due to the relatively small batch sizes used in the laboratory. A mix temperature of from 220 to 230 °C must be maintained during the mixing process, with heat being added as necessary. After completing the mix process, the material is divided into test samples and the production of the test specimens can be made. For mastic asphalt, special care should be taken here, since an increase in the filler content in the lower part of the mix container has also been observed in laboratory ovens.Laboratory ovens for mastic asphalt are available in only a few laboratories. It is possible to create hand mixes to estimate the quantity of binder required. To do this, heat 800 g of mineral aggregate up to 220 °C and keep it warm by putting them in a saucepan-type vessel and heating over a gas flame. After adding the binder, continue to stir using a suitable type of stirrer such as an old tablespoon until the mass is homogenous and fluid.Continue to check the temperature of the mix whilst doing this. The quantity of aggregate is sufficient to create one test cube. This should be prepared immediately following the mixing process. In this case, it is not necessary to divide the material into different samples. Each test cube is to be mixed as one batch.

8.9. Production of rolled asphalt mixes in the laboratory using Trinidad NAF 501When preparing a sample mix, the permitted maximum temperatures for the mineral mix, the bitumen and the aggregates are provided in the TP A-35 (EN 12697-35).Experience shows, that the laboratory procedure, most suitable to simulating use in practice, calls for a constant temperature level for the bitumen, the minerals and the NAF 501 of 150 °C. Fresh air should be not be able to access the heat cabinet. The sample mixes must be thoroughly mixed using a laboratory mixer which ensures a full mixing of the material, both horizontally and vertically. Depending on the laboratory mixer, at least 4 kg should be used for each mix process so that a break-up and equal distribution of the NAF is produced by the shear forces which arise. The mix container should be heated to a mixing temperature of 150 °C during the mixing process. It is recommended, that the NAF 501 granulate be mechanically crushed before added to the mix.First the minerals, preheated and dry-weighed for each batch, should be pre-mixed. Now the preheated NAF 501 is mixed in homogeneously, until no NAF 501 granulate can be seen. Then the preheated bitumen is added to the mix of minerals and NAF 501.After the binder has been added, the mixing process should be continued until the minerals have been fully coated. According to TP A-35 (EN 12697-35) with mixers fitted with a stirring device used in the laboratory, the mixing time should not last for more than 3 minutes. Experience gained using mixes of reclaimed asphalt showed that the heated asphalt granulates should be added to the premixed mineral/NAF 501 mix. The asphalt granulate must be homogeneously mixed in before adding the preheated binder.In general, the mix should be assessed in terms of coating, homogeneity and consistency. The production of the specimens needed for the test is then made in accordance with the related valid standard and the valid work instruction.

8.10. Extraction of Trinidad Epuré, TE products and TE mixesThe determination of the binder content of Trinidad Epuré products or of asphalt mixes made using Trinidad Epuré products is made using the same procedure as used for determining the binder content of conventional asphalts. In the Federal Republic of Germany the determination of binder content is described in TP A-01 (EN 12697-1).

Trinidad Epuré contains around 4.0 M.-% of crystalline-bound water. This is not effective as a binder in the mix and escapes at very high temperatures. Therefore the upstream determination of the water content required by TP A-01 (EN 12697-1) and to be carried out to TP A-14 (EN 12697-14) is to be done with care during the determination of the binder content of TE mixes. Otherwise the process of determining the binder content is not a problem and does not differ from the investigations used for other mixes.However in investigating pure Trinidad Epuré or Trinidad Epuré products the following notes should be followed:The investigations of Trinidad Epuré products should (due to their content of crystalline-bound water) always be carried out through the quantitative recovery of the binder. The extraction itself is best made using cold extraction with trichloroethylene as the solvent. To do this, only around 100 g of the Trinidad Epuré product are weighed into a 1000 ml pycnometer bottle. After some 300 to 500 ml solvent has been poured over it, it is then rolled in a pycnometer rolling device until the bitumen has completely dissolved. If Trinidad Epuré in drums is used, then the material must first be reduced to a grain size of around 0 to 15 mm to improve the solubility before the initial weighing.The solution is poured through a 0.063 mm sieve and after drying, the sieve residue sieved in accordance with TP A-02 (EN 12697-2). The remaining amounts in the solution of < 0.063 must be separated out by centrifugation. This step must be carried out with special care. It is recommended, that the solution be centrifuged at least twice and then after each centrifugation rinsed with larger quantities of clean solvent than normally used for mix tests. This rinsing intends to wash out the whole dissolved binder which is still contained in the filler coating sticking to the wall of the centrifuge beaker. Since with Trinidad Epuré products almost the whole mineral content must be separated from the bitumen in the centrifugation sleeve, then a “subsequent extraction” in the rotating centrifugation sleeve is essential in order to minimise the traces of binder remaining in the TE-filler.The normal process of rinsing “until the solvent runs clear” is not sufficient when centrifuging TE-products.

9. Detection of Trinidad Natural Asphalt9.1. Quantitative detection using gas chromatography

The Naturwissenschaftliche Forschungs- und Untersuchungslaboratorium GmbH & Co. KG (NAFU) in Berlin has developed a process to demonstrate the presence of Trinidad Epuré in the mix. It can be reliably used to demonstrate and quantify the presence of concentrations of more than around 0.2 M.-% (related to the total asphalt).The measuring principle is based on the demonstration of organic compounds which only occur in Trinidad Natural Asphalt and especially on their pattern of distribution. These compounds (known in research as „biomarkers“ are concentrated during a multistage cleaning process and analysed using gas chromatography and mass selective detection (GC/MS).The test series in the validated procedure can for example demonstrate, that the biomarker substances found in the Trinidad Epuré are either not present in other bitumens (regardless of their source) or not in the distribution typical for Trinidad Epuré. This applies e.g. also to Venezuela bitumen which, due to its geographical proximity to Trinidad, supplies contains similar marker substances.The investigations carried out have shown that - at the normal processing temperatures of the asphalt and so particularly for mastic asphalt - the biomarkers are stable up to 250 °C.The possibility that the biomarkers typical for Trinidad only formed during the processing of the asphalt can be excluded. These marker substances are present in the original, naturally occurring Trinidad Epuré. This process means that the normal amounts of Trinidad Epuré present in asphalt can be determined specifically and precisely.Further information on this process can be obtained by calling the number +49 421 3040241.

9.2. Qualitative detection using the copper platelet methodThe procedure is used to demonstrate the qualitative presence of Trinidad Natural Asphalt in asphalt mixes. It can be used for all asphalt mixes which were not subject to a temperature of > 250 °C for more than 4 hours.

9.2.1. Short descriptionA blank copper platelet is immersed for 25 minutes into a sample of binder which was obtained from an asphalt mix or sample cores and which had been heated up to 210 °C or 225 °C. If the copper becomes discoloured, then this indicates the presence of Trinidad Natural Asphalt. A rough estimate can be made depending on the test temperature at which the discolouration occurs.

9.2.2. Equipment and resources

• Heating equipment to melt the sample of binder and which can ensure that the deviation from the test temperature is not greater than ± 0.5 °K. Here an electrical heating plate with sufficient power reserve (heating output at least 1000 W) is needed (e.g. a large “Gerhardt” standard heater, 450 °C, 1000 W, ø of the heating plate 180 mm).

• Contact thermometer for the fine adjustment with a reading accuracy of 0.1 °C, switch relay with contact sensor.

• Oil bath, consisting of a cylindrical metal container with double-walled shell and perforated sheet cover to take the test tubes. The space between the inner and outer walls of the shell should be 25 mm, the intervening space filled with mineral fibre In order to maintain an even temperature at as many points in the bath as possible the bath is immersed in a stirring device. Two other calibrated control thermometers are located in the lower and upper areas of the oil in order to check the temperature. The mercury ball in the lower thermometer should be 5 mm above the bottom of the bath and that of the upper thermometer 10 mm below the surface of the oil.

• Thermal oil, methanol p.a. (Merck article no. 6009), toluol p.a. sulphur-free (Merck article no. 32249)• copper platelet (Merck article no. 2700), packed in plastic film, to be permanently stored in a closed

desiccator.A detailed diagram of the test arrangement can be obtained on request.

9.2.3. SamplesThe sample material is binder which has been recovered in accordance with TP A-01 (EN 12697-1). The investigation involves putting 10 ±1 g of this in a test tube. Two test samples are to be investigated.

9.2.4. ImplementationThe oil bath is heated using the heating device. The contact thermometer is set to a test temperature of 210 °C. The stirring device must be set up and continue to run during the whole of the test. When the oil has reached the desired test temperature, the test tube with the binder (tube not closed) is immersed vertically into the oil to a depth such that the surface of the oil and the top edge of the binder are at the same level. The test tube is to be secured in a standing bracket. A maximum of two tests may be carried out at the same time.After a period of 5 minutes the binder will have melted. Now tweezers are used to dip a copper platelet of precisely 50 mm length and 8 mm width into the molten binder. The platelet should be cut during the 5 minute period when the binder is melting and close to the desiccator which had been briefly opened.Here the tweezers are used to take the copper platelet out of the plastic container and then the platelet cut with scissors. The copper platelet must then immediately (directly following the 5-minute melting process) be dipped into the binder. A prepared supply of cut platelets has a negative effect on the results of the test. The supply of rolled copper sheet must then immediately put back in the desiccator and the desiccator closed again. During the cutting and dipping processes the copper platelet must only be touched by the tweezers, not by hand.After the copper platelet has been lowered into the molten binder, the test tubes are to be left for 25 minutes in the oil bath. During the test, the temperature must not deviate by more than ± 0.5 °K from the prescribed test temperature.After this the binder is poured out of the test tubes (use a test tube holder, and catch the copper platelet with tweezers). The platelet must then immediately be put into a test tube and toluol added until the leaf is completely covered. In doing this the surface of the platelet should be exposed to the air for as short a time as possible. The platelet remains in the toluol for 5 minutes, the test tube being shaken during this time. After the toluol and the dissolved binder have been poured out, clean toluol is used to rinse until all the binder has been removed from the platelet. In doing this make sure that the platelet is exposed to the air for as short a time as possible.After the toluol has been poured out, the platelet remains in the test tube and is then completely covered with methanol. The change from toluol to methanol should be made as quickly as possible.The test tube with platelet and methanol is left during this stage to stand on a piece of soft filter paper (e.g. black band filter). The platelet is immediately wrapped in this filter paper, dried off and immediately closed in an empty, clean test tube. If the copper platelet is not (or only slightly) discoloured then the test must be repeated at a temperature of 225 °C.

9.2.5. Evaluation and details of the resultA positive reaction has taken place if the copper platelet is discoloured. The discolouration can be blue, red, violet, silver-grey or, at a higher content of Trinidad Epuré, black. The colours can be distributed over the surface of the platelet, clouded or striped, but it must appear over the whole of the surface of the platelet. Narrow, edge discolouration or colours at the corners of the platelet are not an evidence of a positive reaction.

colour reaction at 210 °C: TE present quantity: 25 to 30 M.-%

no reaction at 210 °C: repeat at 225 °C

reaction at 225 °C: TE present quantity: ≤ 20 M.-%

no reaction at 225 °C: TE not present

10. Safety notes and material safety data sheetWhen handling Trinidad Epuré and Trinidad Epuré products, the normal general safety precautions are to be taken which apply when handling hot bituminous binders. So, for example water must not come into contact with the hot, liquid binder. This would cause splashes which would lead to burns.Work with liquid Trinidad Epuré and liquid Trinidad Epuré products are to be carried out with the appropriate protective clothing (lab gown) and wearing protective gloves and goggles.If hot liquid binder comes into contact with the skin, then the injured area must be washed with petroleum. This will cool the wound and also wash off the binder. It is therefore recommended, that several 1 litre containers of petroleum are kept in the laboratory.The following material safety data sheet based on EU directive (91/1551EEC) shows that Trinidad Epuré is not poisonous and gives tips on dealing with Trinidad Epuré.The following details reflect the technical knowledge and the legal requirements at the time this manual was printed. The latest version of the data sheet is available for download from our internet pages www.trinidad-lake-asphalt.com or a copy can be requested from the manufacturer.

10.1. Material/preparation and company designation

details of the product: commercial name: Trinidad Epuré

details of the manufacturer/supplier:

Carl Ungewitter TRINIDAD LAKE ASPHALT GmbH & Co. KGBürgermeister-Smidt-Straße 56D-28195 BremenTelephone: +49 (0) 421/30402-41 Fax: +49 (0) 421/30402-70

sources of further information:information on technical application: telephone: +49 (0) 421/30402-34emergency information/emergency phone: telephone: +49 (0) 421/30402-41

10.2. Composition/details of components

ingredients

natural asphalt, consisting of 53 to 55 M.-% soluble bitumen (mix of napthene, paraffin and aromatic hydrocarbons), 36 to 37 M.-% minerals and 9 to 10 M.-% other constituents, which cannot be assigned either to the bitumen or to the minerals parts.

dangerous constituents not known

10.3. Possible hazards

a) when cold none

b) when hot in the molten state at ca. 120 °C to 180 °C; injures if coming into contact with the skin.

10.4. First aid

on contact with the skinif liquid Trinidad Epuré comes into contact with the skin, immediately cool the area with petroleum or water, leave on the skin and arrange for medical treatment.

on breathing in no danger

on contact with the eye if liquid Trinidad Epuré comes into contact with the eye, cool immediately with water and immediately arrange for medical care.

on swallowing does not occur

http://www.trinidad-lake-asphalt.com


10.5. Fire fighting measures

suitable extinguishant: dry extinguishants, foam, C02, halon

extinguishant not suitable on grounds of safety water

special hazard presented by the substance / product of the combustion

none

10.6. Measures to be taken when released by accident

general notes: avoid liquid Trinidad Epuré coming into contact with the skin or with the eye

environmental protection measures no danger

procedure to be used to clean / collect: leave to cool down, collect mechanically and if necessary re-use

10.7. Handling and storage

handling when cold: handle as bulk goodswhen liquid: protect container against ingress of water

storage:when cold: store as bulk goodswhen liquid: store in an insulated molten matter containeravoid overheating (> 300 °C)

10.8. Limiting exposure and personal protective equipment

additional notes regarding the design of technical plant no specific measures needed

personal protective clothing:

respiratory equipment: respiratory equipment not neededhand protection: for liquid Trinidad Epuré - protective gloveseye protection: for liquid Trinidad Epuré - protective gogglesbody protection: for liquid Trinidad Epuré - closed clothing

10.9. Physical and technical properties

appearance:form: solid, liquid at 120 °Ccolour: black, mattodour: none, or slight, depending on temperature

change of state: flame point: > 250 °Cignition temperature: > 350 °C

explosion limit: not relevant

vapour pressure (at 20 °C): not measurable

density (at 25 °C): 1.40 to 1.42 g/cm3 to EN 15326

solubility in water (at 20 °C): indissoluble

viscosity (180 °C): 3.000 to 3.800 cST to DIN 51366

10.10. Stability and reactivity

conditions to be avoided: none

substances to be avoided: none

hazardous products of decomposition: none, when used in the field of asphalt construction

Thermal decomposition: none, when used in the field of asphalt construction

10.11. Details of toxicology

acute oral toxicity: none

primary irritant: eye: noneskin: none

10.12. Details of ecology

details on elimination(persistency and degradability): practically not degradable

other notes:analogous to bitumen (the main component of Trinidad Epuré), which in the sense of the WHO is not classed as a substance hazardous to water, no hazard to water management known

10.13. Notes on disposal

recommendation of supplier: disposal site; better, recycling in the production of asphaltic mixes

disposal code: 54912 (analogous to bitumen)

recommended spoilt packaging: non-contaminated timber product packaging which can be sent for waste site, burnt or - depending on its condition - recycled

recommended cleaning agent: not relevant

10.14. Notes on transport

transport by land ADR/RID: class: free

inland waterway transport ADN/ADNR: class: free

marine transport IMDG: class: free

air transport IATA-DGR: class: free, not a hazardous good according to the transport regulations

in liquid state: should exceptionally the material be transported in its liquid state then the provisions as for the transport of bitumen apply

10.15. Regulations

designation under EC guidelineskey letter and hazard designation of the product:labelling not obligatory under the hazardous materials actlabelling of components which present a hazard: none

national regulations

hazardous incident reporting ordinance: nonotes on restrictions of procurement: notechnical manual (TA) air:the organic materials released during the hot processing are primarily class III, annex E of TA Air.water hazard class: not classified

10.16. Other details

Trinidad Asphalt - EN 13108, part 4, annex B.

ensured properties:

With the above details which represent the current state of our knowledge and experience, our product in regard to any safety requirements and labelling in the sense described by current laws, assurances of property are not however associated with this.

11. Tables of quantitiesTables of quantities of refinery bitumen and additives for a given quantity of Trinidad Epuré or Trinidad Epuré products, related to different binder contents. The details simplify the addition of the construction material for the initial type testing.

11.1. Tables of quantities for Trinidad Epuré

addition of: 1,0 M.-% Trinidad EpuréM.-% Trinidad EpuréM.-% Trinidad EpuréM.-% Trinidad EpuréM.-% Trinidad EpuréM.-% Trinidad EpuréM.-% Trinidad Epurécalculation base: 54 M.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumen

46 M.-% TE-fillerM.-% TE-fillerM.-% TE-filler

total binder content M.-% 3,5 3,6 3,7 3,8 3,9 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6 4,7 4,8 4,9 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 5,7

refinery bitumen M.-% 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 3,8 3,9 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6 4,7 4,8 4,9 5,0 5,1 5,2

Trinidad Epuré M.-% 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0

aggregates M.-% 96,0 95,9 95,8 95,7 95,6 95,5 95,4 95,3 95,2 95,1 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8

TE-bitumen in the mix M.-% 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5

TE-filler in the mix M.-% 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5

aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

refinery bitumen GT 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 3,8 3,9 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6 4,7 4,8 4,9 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5

Trinidad Epuré GT 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1

TE-filler in 100 M.-% mineral aggregate mix: M.-% 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5



Trinidad Epuré M.-% 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0

aggregates M.-% 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100








Trinidad Epuré M.-% 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2

aggregates M.-% 95,9 95,8 95,7 95,6 95,5 95,4 95,3 95,2 95,1 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Trinidad Epuré M.-% 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2

aggregates M.-% 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100








Trinidad Epuré M.-% 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5

aggregates M.-% 95,8 95,7 95,6 95,5 95,4 95,3 95,2 95,1 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Trinidad Epuré M.-% 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5

aggregates M.-% 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100








Trinidad Epuré M.-% 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0

aggregates M.-% 95,6 95,5 95,4 95,3 95,2 95,1 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Trinidad Epuré M.-% 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0

aggregates M.-% 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3 91,2 91,1



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100








Trinidad Epuré M.-% 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2

aggregates M.-% 95,5 95,4 95,3 95,2 95,1 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Trinidad Epuré M.-% 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2

aggregates M.-% 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3 91,2 91,1 91,0



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100




11.2. Tables of quantities for Trinidad NAF 501

addition of: 1,2 M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501calculation base 45,0 M.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumen

38,3 M.-% TE-fillerM.-% TE-fillerM.-% TE-filler16,7 M.-% fiberM.-% fiberM.-% fiber



Trinidad NAF 501 M.-% 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2

aggregates M.-% 95,8 95,7 95,6 95,5 95,4 95,3 95,2 95,1 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6



fiber in the mix M.-% 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20

aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


Trinidad NAF 501 GT 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3

TE-filler in 100 M.-% mineral aggregate mix M.-% 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5



Trinidad NAF 501 M.-% 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2

aggregates M.-% 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3



fiber in the mix M.-% 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20

aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


Trinidad NAF 501 GT 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3


addition of: 1,4 M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501calculation base 45,0 M.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumen

38,3 M.-% TE-fillerM.-% TE-fillerM.-% TE-filler16,7 M.-% fiberM.-% fiberM.-% fiber



Trinidad NAF 501 M.-% 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4

aggregates M.-% 95,7 95,6 95,5 95,4 95,3 95,2 95,1 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6 93,5



fiber in the mix M.-% 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23

aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


Trinidad NAF 501 GT 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5




Trinidad NAF 501 M.-% 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4

aggregates M.-% 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3 91,2



fiber in the mix M.-% 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23

aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


Trinidad NAF 501 GT 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5


addition of: 1,8 M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501M.-% Trinidad NAF 501calculation base 45,0 M.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumen

38,3 M.-% TE-fillerM.-% TE-fillerM.-% TE-filler16,7 M.-% fibersM.-% fibersM.-% fibers



Trinidad NAF 501 M.-% 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8

aggregates M.-% 95,5 95,4 95,3 95,2 95,1 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3



fiber in the mix M.-% 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30

aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


Trinidad NAF 501 GT 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9




Trinidad NAF 501 M.-% 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8

aggregates M.-% 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3 91,2 91,1 91,0



fiber in the mix M.-% 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30

aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


Trinidad NAF 501 GT 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0


11.3. Tables of quantities for Trinidad Powder 60/40

addition of: 1,6 M.-% Trinidad Powder 60/40M.-% Trinidad Powder 60/40M.-% Trinidad Powder 60/40M.-% Trinidad Powder 60/40M.-% Trinidad Powder 60/40M.-% Trinidad Powder 60/40M.-% Trinidad Powder 60/40M.-% Trinidad Powder 60/40M.-% Trinidad Powder 60/40calculation base 32 M.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumenM.-% TE-bitumen



refinery bitumen M.-% 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 3,8 3,9 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6 4,7 4,8 4,9 5,0 5,1 5,2Trinidad Powder 60/40 M.-% 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6

aggregates M.-% 95,4 95,3 95,2 95,1 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2

TE-bitumen in the mix M.-% 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5TE-filler in the mix M.-% 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1

(thereof limestone filler) M.-% 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6

aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100refinery bitumen GT 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,5 3,6 3,7 3,8 3,9 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,6 4,7 4,8 4,9 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,5 5,6Trinidad Powder 60/40 GT 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7

TE-filler in 100 M.-% mineral aggregate mix:

M.-% 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2



aggregates M.-% 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3 91,2 91,1 91,0 90,9





M.-% 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2





aggregates M.-% 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6





M.-% 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8



aggregates M.-% 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3 91,2 91,1 91,0 90,9 90,8 90,7 90,6 90,5 90,4 90,3





M.-% 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9





aggregates M.-% 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3





M.-% 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2



aggregates M.-% 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3 91,2 91,1 91,0 90,9 90,8 90,7 90,6 90,5 90,4 90,3 90,2 90,1 90,0





M.-% 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3

11.4. Tables of quantities for Trinidad Powder 50/50





aggregates M.-% 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8





M.-% 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6



aggregates M.-% 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3 91,2 91,1 91,0 90,9 90,8 90,7 90,6 90,5





M.-% 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6





aggregates M.-% 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4





M.-% 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,1



aggregates M.-% 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3 91,2 91,1 91,0 90,9 90,8 90,7 90,6 90,5 90,4 90,3 90,2 90,1





M.-% 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1





aggregates M.-% 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3





M.-% 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2



aggregates M.-% 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3 91,2 91,1 91,0 90,9 90,8 90,7 90,6 90,5 90,4 90,3 90,2 90,1 90,0





M.-% 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3





aggregates M.-% 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1





M.-% 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4



aggregates M.-% 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3 91,2 91,1 91,0 90,9 90,8 90,7 90,6 90,5 90,4 90,3 90,2 90,1 90,0 89,9 89,8





M.-% 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4





aggregates M.-% 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4





M.-% 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2



aggregates M.-% 91,3 91,2 91,1 91,0 90,9 90,8 90,7 90,6 90,5 90,4 90,3 90,2 90,1 90,0 89,9 89,8 89,7 89,6 89,5 89,4 89,3 89,2 89,1





M.-% 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3

11.5. Tables of quantities for Trinidad TLC 50/50

addition of: 1,5 M.-% Trinidad TLC 50/50M.-% Trinidad TLC 50/50M.-% Trinidad TLC 50/50M.-% Trinidad TLC 50/50M.-% Trinidad TLC 50/50M.-% Trinidad TLC 50/50M.-% Trinidad TLC 50/50M.-% Trinidad TLC 50/50calculation base 28 M.-% TE-bitumen (incl. polymers)M.-% TE-bitumen (incl. polymers)M.-% TE-bitumen (incl. polymers)M.-% TE-bitumen (incl. polymers)M.-% TE-bitumen (incl. polymers)M.-% TE-bitumen (incl. polymers)M.-% TE-bitumen (incl. polymers)



refinery bitumen M.-% 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 3,8 3,9 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6 4,7 4,8 4,9 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3Trinidad TLC 50/50 M.-% 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5aggregates M.-% 95,4 95,3 95,2 95,1 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2


(thereof limestone) M.-% 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8

aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100refinery bitumen GT 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,6 3,7 3,8 3,9 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,7 4,8 4,9 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,6 5,7Trinidad TLC 50/50 GT 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6TE-filler in 100 M.-% mineral aggregate mix:

M.-% 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2






M.-% 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2








M.-% 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,6






M.-% 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6








M.-% 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6






M.-% 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7

11.6. Tables of quantities for Trinidad Epuré LT

addition of: 1,1 M.-% Trinidad Epuré LTM.-% Trinidad Epuré LTM.-% Trinidad Epuré LTM.-% Trinidad Epuré LTM.-% Trinidad Epuré LTM.-% Trinidad Epuré LTM.-% Trinidad Epuré LTM.-% Trinidad Epuré LTcalculation base: 54 M.-% TE-bitumen (incl. wax)M.-% TE-bitumen (incl. wax)M.-% TE-bitumen (incl. wax)M.-% TE-bitumen (incl. wax)M.-% TE-bitumen (incl. wax)M.-% TE-bitumen (incl. wax)




Trinidad Epuré M.-% 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1

aggregates M.-% 96,0 95,9 95,8 95,7 95,6 95,5 95,4 95,3 95,2 95,1 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Trinidad Epuré M.-% 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1

aggregates M.-% 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100








Trinidad Epuré M.-% 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6

aggregates M.-% 95,8 95,7 95,6 95,5 95,4 95,3 95,2 95,1 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Trinidad Epuré M.-% 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6

aggregates M.-% 93,5 93,4 93,3 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100








Trinidad Epuré M.-% 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2

aggregates M.-% 95,5 95,4 95,3 95,2 95,1 95,0 94,9 94,8 94,7 94,6 94,5 94,4 94,3 94,2 94,1 94,0 93,9 93,8 93,7 93,6 93,5 93,4 93,3



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Trinidad Epuré M.-% 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2

aggregates M.-% 93,2 93,1 93,0 92,9 92,8 92,7 92,6 92,5 92,4 92,3 92,2 92,1 92,0 91,9 91,8 91,7 91,6 91,5 91,4 91,3 91,2 91,1 91,0



aggregates GT 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100




12. Instructions on the addition of TE products

Trinidad Epuré drums, Trinidad Epuré Z 0/8, Trinidad Epuré LT and Trinidad NAF 501:

Type of mix Trinidad Epuré drums Trinidad Epuré Z 0/8 and LT Trinidad NAF 501

MA

melted in special melting plant or crushed in the mastic asphalt stove

added in the mixer or in the mastic asphalt stove

for special applications!added in the mixer or in the mastic asphalt stove

MAminimum stirring time for gravel size 45 min required

minimum stirring time of 20 min. In the mastic asphalt stove needed.Mixing time extension of around 10 to 15 seconds needed.

minimum stirring time of 20 min. In the mastic asphalt stove needed.mixing time to be extended by about 10 to 15 seconds

AC Dmelted in special melting plant added in the mixer for special applications!

added in the mixerAC D

mixing time to be extended by about 10 to 15 seconds


SMAmelted in special melting plant *) added in the mixer *)

added in the mixer based on amount of stone added directly before adding bitumen. Contains additives which slow the process.

SMA



AC Bmelted in special melting plant added in the mixer

added in the mixer after stone added and directly before adding binder. Contains additives which slow the process AC B



Trinidad Powder TP 50/50, Trinidad Powder TP 60/40 and Trinidad Powder TLC 50/50:

Type of mix Trinidad Powder 50/50 Trinidad Powder 60/40 Trinidad Powder TLC 50/50

MA

added (e.g. via silo) in the mixer

MA mixing time recommended extended by about 5 to 10 seconds

AC D

added (e.g. via a silo) to the mixer.

added (e.g. via a silo) to the mixer

AC D recommended the mixing time be extended by about 5 to 10 seconds

recommended the mixing time be extended by about 5 to 10 seconds

SMA

added (e.g. via a silo) to the mixer *)



SMA recommended the mixing time be extended by about 5 to 10 seconds



AC B




AC B recommended the mixing time be extended by about 5 to 10 seconds



*) Process-retarding additives to TL Asphalt-StB 07 Table. 4.1.3 (EN 13108) required.

13. CE - Certificate of Compliance

14. ImprintPublisher:

Carl UngewitterTrinidad Lake AsphaltGmbH & Co. KGBürgermeister-Smidt-Straße 56D-28195 Bremen

Telephone: +49 (0) 421 30402-41Telefax: +49 (0) 421 30402-70Email: [email protected]: www.trinidad-lake-asphalt.com

Edition March 2009, all rights reserved.

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



tla laboratory manual english 2009

Documents