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A PEATI..AND BIBLICXJRAPHY. CHIEFLY HITIi REFERENCE TO 11-IE

ECOLCXJY, HYDROLCXJY AND BICXJEOCHEHISTRY OF SPHAGNUM BCGS

by

Eville Gorham and Mary V. Santelmann Department of Ecology and Behavioral Biology

318 Church St. SE University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455

and Janeen E. Mc_~lister

Land Management Information Center Ninnesota State Planning Agency

7th and Robert St. Paul, MN 55101

1981-

PREFACE

This bibliography has been prepared during the course of a five-year collaborative project by thirteen co-investigators and their associates on the ecology, hydrology, and biogeochemistry of Sphagnum bogs, and covers references ~athered through March, 1984. We are grateful for the support of tHe National Science Foundation (Grant DEB--7922142), and for the assistance of numerous colleagues who have supplied citations, biblio­graphies, and encouragement. We also thank Dr. Jan A. Janssens for the cover illustration of Sphagnum fuscum.

Although the focus of the bibliography is on the biogeochemistry, hydrology, and ecology of Sohagnum bogs, some citations to other fields of research have been included because they relate to studies of Sphagnum bogs, e.g., general papers on precipitation chemistry, reviews of litter decomposition, and articles on moss and lichen physiology. Papers on useful or promising methods have also been cited, even if they have not yet been applied to peatland ecosystems.

Some references have been omitted in order to keep the bibliography to a manageable size, other omissions are simply due to oversight. An effort has been made to include relatively recent references whose bibliographies will be of use in seeking earlier literature on a specific topic, rather than to provide complete coverage of all the articles on a given subject (particularly when one author has a number of publications on a certain topic). Except in a few instances, unpublished theses are excluded.

USE OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHY

Citations can be sought in two ways. First, an index based on words and word-pairs in the titles is provided at the end of the bibliography. Second, each reference has been placed in one or more of the 27 numbered categories described on the following page. The appropriate nlmbers are spaced across the pages of the bibliography so that each numbered category always appears in the same column. Articles in a particular subject category may be found rapidly by placing a transparent ruler vertically beside the relevant numbers down each page. The thoroughness of our assignment to categories has been somewhat variable, depending on whether we have read the paper. scanned an abstract. or seen only a title. Users can readily add to the numbers for the papers known to them. We would be grateful if any errors or omissions of major importance could be called to our attention.

Categories (referring to the numbers beneath each reference)

1. General (many different categories)

2. Classification of peats and peatlands

3. Regional ecology

4. Landforms and vegetation patterns

5. Plant communities, floristics

6. Animal communities, faunistics

7. Autecology and distribution of vascular plants

8. Autecology and distribution of bryophytes

9. Autecology and distribution of lichens

10. Autecology and distribution of algae

11. Autecology and distribution of animals

12. Environmental controls (climate, topography, soil parent material)

13. Hydrology and water relations

14. Physical properties of peats and peatlands, erosion, micrometeorolgy

15. Atmospheric deposition

16. Chemical properties of plants, peats and waters

17. Biogeochemical cycles, budgets, mass balances

18. Plant growth, biomass, productivity, trophic dynamics

19. Rate of peat accumulation

20. Decomposition

21. Microbiology, mycology

22. Stratigraphy (paleoecology, paleogeochemistry, paleoclimatology)

23. Ecological effects of fire

24. Ecological aspects of flooding, drainage, utilization, rehabilitation

25. Conservation, management

26. Methods (sampling, analysis, dating), apparatus

27. Bibliographies (including papers with extensive general or specialized reference lists)

1. Aaby, B. 1976. Cyclic climatic variations in climate over' the past 5,500 years reflected in raised bogs. Nature 263: 281-284.

12 14 18 19 22

2. Aaby, B. 1978. Cyclic changes in climate during 5,500 years reflected in Danish raised bogs. In: Proc. Nordic Syrnpos. Climatic Changes and Related Problems. Copenhagen, April 7, ed. Kurt Freydendahl Danish Meteorological Inst., Climatological Papers Number 4, 26 p.

12 14 18 19 22

3. Aaby, B., & H. Tauber. 1975. Rates of peat formation in relation to degree of humification and local environment, as shown by studies of a raised bog in Denmark. Boreas 4:1-17.

12 19 22

4. Aaby, B., & J. Jacobsen. 1979. Changes in biotic conditions and metal deposition in the last millenium as reflected in ornbrotrophic peat in Draved Mose, Denmark. Danm. Geol. Unders., Arbog 1978, pp. 5-43.

3 15 19 22

5. Aaby, B., J. Jacobsen, & O.S. Jacobsen. 1979. Pb-210 dating and lead deposition in the ornbrotrophic peat bog, Draved Mose, Denmark. Danm. Geol. Unders., Arbog 1978, pp. 45-68.

15 18 19 22

6. Aartolahti, T. 1965. Oberflachenformen von Hochrnooren und ihre Entwicklung in Sudwest-Hame und Nord-Satakunta. Fennia 93:1-268. 3 4

7. Aartolahti, T. 1967. On dating the genesis of peat banks and hollows in the r-aised bogs of south-western Finland. C.R. Soc. Geol. Finland 39:71-86.

12 22

8. Adams, L.W., G.C. White, & T.J. Peterle. 1976. Tritium kinetics in a freshwater marsh. In: Radioecology and Ener.gy Resources, ed. C.E. Cushing, Ecol. Soc. Amer. Special Publ. No.1, Halsted Press., pp. 96-103.

13

9. Addams, R.H., & F.C. Mounce. 1931. Further notes on the nutrient requirements and the histology of the cranberry (Vaccjnium macrocarpon Ait.) with special reference to mycorrhiza. Plant Physiology 7:643-656.

16

10. Adriano, D.C. & I.L. Brisbin (eds.). 1978. Environmental Chemistry and Cycling Processes. U.S. Department of Energy. Symposium Series, CONF 60429.

16 17

11. Aiton, W. 1811. Treatise on the orlgln, qualities, and cultivation of moss-earth, with directions for converting it into manure. Wilson and Paul, Air, 357 p.

1 16

12. Aletsee, L. 1967. Begriffliche und floristische Grundlagen zu einer pflanzengeographischen Analyse der europaischen Regenwassermoorstandorte. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 43:117-160.

5

13. Alexander, V., M. Billington & D.M. Schell. 1978. Nitrogen fixation in arctic and alpine tundra. In: Vegetation and Production Ecology of an Alaskan Arctic Tundra, ed. L. Tieszen, Ecological Studies 29:539-558.

17

14. Allam, A.J., G. Pitts, & J.P. Hoelis. 1972. Sulfide determination in a submerged soil with an ion-selective electrode. Soil Sci. 114:456-467.

16

15. Allington, K.R. 1961. The bogs of Central Labrador - Ungavaj an examination of their physical characteristics. Geogr. Annaler, Stockholm 43:404-417.

4

26

16. Anderson, J.R. 1964. The structure and development of the peat s~vamps of Sarawak and Brunei. J. Trop. Geogr. 18:7-16. 345

17. Andr.e, J. P., & L. Pijarowski. 1977. Cation exchange properties of Sphagnum peat: exchange between two cations and protons. J. Soil Sci. 28:573-584.

16

18. Andrejko, M.J; 1983. Origin of mineral matter and its relationship to ash content in peats. Proc. Int. Syrnp. on Peat Utilization, Bemidji, MN, eds. C. Fuchsman and S. Spigarelli, in press. Oct. 1983.

14 22 26

19. Andrejko, M.J., F. Fiene, & A.D. Cohen. 1983. The comparison of ashing techniques for the determination of inorganic content of peat.' In: Testing of Peats and Organic Soils, ASTM. STP 820, ed. P.M. Jarrett, Am. Soc. Testing and Materials, Phila., PA.

20. Andrews, N., M. Penko, M. Mattson, & D. Pratt. 1981. The Establishment of Cattails on a Northern Minnesota Peatland. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 79 p.

18

26

21. Anonymous. 1971. Ukazaniya po raschetam stokas neosushennykh i osushennykh verkhovykh bolot (Instructions for computation of flow from reclaimed and unreclaimed raised bogs). Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 84 p.

13 26

22. Anonymous. 1979. Recent publications on peatland ecology from the Soviet Union (in Russian). Bull. Int. Peat Soc., No. 10, pp. 28-31.

27

23. Anschlitz, I. & F. Gessner. 1954. Der Ionenaustausch bei Torfmoosen (Sphagnum). Flora 14:178-236.

8 16

24. Aref'eva, A.I. 1963. Sezonnye Kolebaniya poverkhnosti sfagnovykh bolot pod vliyaniem gidrometeorologicheskikh faktorov. (Seasonal fluctuations of the surface of Sphagnum swamps under the influence of meteorological factors). Tr. Gos. Gidrol. Inst. 105:80-108. (Sov. Hydrol. 1963: 309 AabstractU).

25. Armentano, T.V. 1980. world carbon cycle.

13 14

Drainage of organic soils as a factor in the Bio-Science 30:825-830.

13 17

26. Armstrong, W. 1967. The oxidizing activity of roots in waterlogged soils. Physioi. Plant. 20:920-926.

7 13 16

27. Armstrong, W. 1967. The relationship between oxidation-reduction potentials and oxygen diffusion levels in some water-logged organic soils. J. Soil Sci. 18:27-34.

16

28. Armstrong, W. 1975. Waterlogged soils. In: Environment and Plant Ecology, ed. J.R. Etherington, Wiley, New York, pp. 181-218.

29. Armstrong, W., & D.J. Boatman. the growth of bog plants to 55:101-110.

7

16

1967. Some field observations relating conditions of soil aeration. J. Ecol.

16

30. Atwell, B.J., M.T. Veerkamp, C.E.E. Stuiver, & P.J.C. Kuiper: 1980.

31.

32.

The uptake of phosphate by Carex species from oligotrophic to eutrophic swamp habitats. Physiol. Plant. 49:487-494.

7 17

Auclair, A. 1977. a Carex meadow.

Factors affecting tissue nutrient concentration in Oecologia 28:233-246.

Auclair, A.N.D., & A.N. Rencz. distribution of nutrients in Cladina alpestris ecosystem. 947-968.

16 18

1982. Concentrations, mass and a subarctic Picea mariana,

Can. J. Forest Res. 12:

16

33. Auer, V. 1920. Uber die Entstehung der Strange auf den Torfmooren. Acta Forestalia Fennica 12(2): 1-145.

4

34. Auer, V. 1930. Peat bogs in southeastern Canada. Geol. Survey Canada Mem. 162, 32 p.

4 12 22

35. Auer, V. 1933. Peat bogs of southeastern Canada. In: Handbuch der Moorkunde, Borntraeger, Berlin, 1:141-221.

4 12 22

36. Auer, V. 1952. Peatlands. Fennia 72:235-257. 1

37. Aulio, K. 1980. Nutrient accumulation in Spbagnum mosses. I. A multivariate summarization of the mineral element composition of 13 species from an ombrotrophic raised bog. Ann. Bot. Fennici 17: 307-314.

8 16

38. Aulio, K. 1982. Nutrient accumulation 'in Spbagnum mosses II. Intra-and interspecific variation in four species from ombrotrophic and minerotrophic habitats. Ann. Bot. Fennici 19:93-101.

8 16 17

39. Avnimelech, Y. 1971. Nitrate transformations in peat. Soil Sci. 111:113-118.

16 17 21

40. Backeus, I. 1972. Bog vegetation remapped after sixty years. Studies on Skagershultsmossen, central Sweden. Oikos 23:384-393.

5

41. Baden, W. 1976. Influences of human activity on peatlands and surrounding areas. Proc. 5th Int. Peat Congr., Poznan, Poland, 1:191-205.

24

42. Baden, W., & R. Eggelsmann. 1952. Ein Beitrag zur Hydrologie der Moore. Wasser und Boden 4:244-249.

13

43. Baden, W., & R. Eggelsmann. 1963. Wechselwirkung zwischen Oberflachen und Grundwasser im Moor. Int. Assoc. Hydrol. 63:469-478.

13

44. Baden, W., & R. Eggelsmann. 1963. Zur DUrchlassigkeit der Moorboden.

45.

46.

Z. Kult. Tech. 4:226-254. 14

Baden, W., & R. Eggelsmann. 1964. Der 'Vlasserkreislauf eines nordwestdeutschen Hochmoores. Verlag Wasser und Boden, Hamburg, pp. 156 (English summary).

13

Baden, \1/., & R. Egglesman. 1970. The hydrologic budget of the highbogs of the Atlantic region. Proc. 3rd Int. Peat Congr., Quebec, 1968, pp. 200-219.

13

47. Baker, J.H. 1970. Quantitative study of yeasts and bacteria in a Signy Island peat. Br. Antarct. Surv. Bull. 23:51-55.

21

48. Baker-Blocker, A., T.D. Donahue, & K.H. Mancy. 1977. Methane flux from wetland areas. Tellus 29:245-250.

17

49. Balch, W.E., G.E. FOXr L.J. Magrum, C.R. Woese, & R.S. Wolfe. 1979. Methanogens: reeva uation of a unique biological group. Microbiol. Rev. 43:260-296.

21

50. Banage, W.B. 1966. Nematode distribution in some British upland moor soils with a note on nematode-parasitizing fungi. J. Anim. Ecol. 35: 349-361.

11

51. Bannatyne, B.B. 1980. Spha~num bogs in southern ~lanitoba and their identification by remote sensing. Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines, Mineral Resources DiVision, Economic Geology Report ER79-7, J,.linnipeg.

1 3 25 26

52. Bannister, P. 1964. Stomatal responses of heath plants to water deficits. J. Ecol. 52:151-158.

7 13

53. Bannister, P. 1964. The water relations of certain heath plants with reference to their ecological amplitude. I. Introduction: germination and establishment. J. Ecol. 52:423-432.

7 13

54. Bannister, P. 1964. The water relations of certain heath plants with reference to their ecological amplitude. III. Experimental Btudies: general conclusions. J. Ecol. 52:499-509.

7 13

55. Bannister, P. 1980. The non-structural carbohydrate contents of ericaceous shrubs from Scotland and Austria •. Gecol. Plant. 15: 275-292.

16

56. Bannister, P. 1981. Carbohydrate concentration of heath plants of different geographical origin. J. Ecol. 69:769-780.

16

57. Barber, K.E. 1981. Peat stratigraphy and climatic change: a paleoecological test of the theory of cyclic peat bog regeneration. A.A. Balkama, Rotterdam, 219 p.

22

58. Barber, K.E. 1981. The stratigraphy and palynology of recent ombrotrophic peat: A source for the reconstruction of agricultural and climatic change. In: Consequences of Climatic Changes, eds. C. S. Smith & M. Perry, University of Nottingham, pp. 129-134.

22

59. Barclay-Estrup, P., & C.H. Gimingham. 1969. The description and interpretation of cyclical processes in a heath community. I. Vegetational change in relation to the Calluna cycle. J. Ecol. 57:737-758

5 7

60. Barden, L., & P.L. Berry. 1970. A model of the consolidation process in peat soils. Proc. 3rd Int. Peat Congr., Quebec, 1968, pp. 119-127.

14

61. Barel, D., & R.J. Barsdate. 1978. Phosphorus dynamics of wet coastal tundra soils near Barrow, Alaska. In: Environmental Chemistry and Cycling Processes, eds. A.C. Adriano & I. Brisbin, U.S.DOE Symposium Services, pp. 516-537.

62. Barnes, F.A. 1964. interpretation.

17

Peat erosion in the southern Pennines: problems of E. Midld. Geogr. 3:216-222.

14

63. Barry, T.H. 1976. Environment protection and the bogs of Ireland. Proc. 5th Int. Peat Congr., Poznan, Poland, 1976. 1:17-35.

25

64. Barsdate, R.J., & V. Alexander. 1975. The nitrogen balance of arctic tundra: pathways, rates, and environmental implications. J. Envir. Qual. 4: 111-117.

65. Bartels, R., & H. Kuntze. 1973. hydraulische Leitfahigkeit von DUng., Bodenkd. 134:125-135.

13 14

17

Torfeigenschaften und unsattigte MoorbOden. Z. Pflanzenernahr.,

66. Bartlett, M.S., L.C. Brown, N.B. Hanes, & N.H. Nickerson. 1979. Denitrification in freshwater wetland soil. J. Envir. Qual. 8:460-464.

17

67. Bascomb, C.L., C.F. Banfield, & R.G.O. Burton. 1977. Characterisation of peaty materials from organic soils (histosols) in England and Hales. Geoderma 19:131-147.

14 26

68. Basile, D.V. 1975. A comparison of some macronutrient media used to culture bryophytes. Bryologist 78:401-413.

8

69. Basilier, K. 1980. Fixation and uptake of nitrogen in Sphagnllm and blue-green algal associations. Oikos 34:239-242.

16 17

70. Basilier, K., U. Granhall, & T. StenstrOm. 1978. Nitrogen fixation in wet minerotrophic moss communities of a sub-arctic mire. Oikos 31 :236-246.

17

71. Bavina, L.G. 1967. Refinement of parameters for calculating evaporation from bogs according to observation data of bog stations. Trudy Gos. Gidrol. Inst. 145: 69-77. (In Russian). In: The Hydrology of Marshalands. ed. K.E. Ivanov, Leningrad.

13 26

72. Bay, R.R. 1958. Cutting methods affect snow accumulation and melt in black spruce stands. USDA Forest Service, Lake States Forest Exp. Stn., Tech. Note No. 523.

24

73. Bay, R.R. 1966. Evaluation of an evapotranspirometer for peat bogs. Water Resources Res. 2:437-442.

26

74. Bay, R.R. 1966. Factors influencing soil moisture relationships in undrained forested bogs. In: Forest Hydrology, eds. W.E. Supper and H.W. Lull. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 335-343.

13

75. Bay, R.R. 1967. Ground water and vegetation in two peat bogs in northern Minnesota. Ecology 48:308-310.

13

76. Bay, R.R. 1968. Evaporation from two peatland watersheds. Rep. Disc. 14th Gen. Assembl., Bern, Switzerland, 1967, pp. 300-307.

13

77. Bay, R.R. 1969. Runoff from small peatland watersheds. J. Hydrol. 9:90-102.

13

78. Bay, R.R. 1970. The hydrology of several peat deposits in northern Minnesota, U.S.A. Proc. 3rd. Int. Peat. Congr., Quebec, 1968, pp. 212-218.

13

79. Bay, R.R. 1970. Water table relationships in experimental basins containing peat bogs. Int. Assoc. Sci. Hydrol. 96:360-368.

13

80. Bazilevich, N.D. 1967. The productivity and biological turnover of the moss bogs of the southern Vessiuganiya Steppe. Rastitelnie resursy 3; 567-588. (In Russian).

16 17, 18 20

81. Bel'Kevich, P.I., L.M. Rogach, & L.R. Chistova. 1973. Study of the selective properties of peat by retention of alkaline and alkaline earth metal ions. Vesci Akad. Navuk, B.S.S.R. Khim. Navuk, No. 2:35-38. (In Russian).

14 16

82. Bel'Kevich, P.L, L.M. Rogach, L.R. Chistova, & M.L Sobol. 1975. Sorption of water vapor by the forms of hydrogen and cation exchange of peat. Vesci Akad. Navuk, B.S.S.n. Khim. Navuk, 2:22-25. (In Russian) •

13 16

105. Blackith, R.E. 1974. The ecology of Collembola in Irish blanket bogs. Proc. R. Ir. Acad., B., 74:203-226.

11

106. Blackith, R.E. 1975. Interrelationships between small arthropods and nematodes in peat. Proc. R. Ir. Acad., B., 75:531-541.

11

107. Blasco, J.A., & D.C. Jordan. 1976. Nitrogen fixation in the muskeg ecosystem of the James Bay Lowlands, Northern Ontario. Can. J. Microbiol. 22:897-907.

16 17

108. Bliss, L.C. 1958. Seed germination in Arctic and Alpine species. Arctic 11:180-188.

7

109. Bliss, L.C., & E.B. Peterson. 1973. The ecological impact of northern petroleum development. Fifth International Congress, "Arctic Oil and Gas: Problems and Possibilities". LeHavre, May 1973, 26 p.

24 25

110. Bliss, L.C., & F.E. Wielgolaski, (eds.). 1973. Primary Production and Production Processes, Tundra Biome. Proceedings of the Conference, Dublin, Ireland, April 1973.

3 18

111. Bliss, L.C., & R.\v. \vein. 1972. Plant community responses to disturbances in the western Canadian Arctic. Can. J. Bot. 50: 1097-1109. 3 5 24

112. Bliss, L.C., O.W. Heal, & J.J. Moore (eds.). 1981. Tundra Ecosystems: A Comparative Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

1 3 5 12 18

113. Block, \V.C. 1965. Distribution of soil mites (Acarina) on the Moor Hous~ National Nature Reserve, \oJestmorland, with notes on their numerical abundance. Pedobiologia 5:244-251.

11

114. Block, W.C. 1966. Seasonal fluctuations and distribution of mite populations in moorland soils, with a note on biomass. J. Anim. Ecol. 35:487-503.

11

115. Block, W.C. 1966. The distribution of soil Acarina on eroding blanket bog. Pedobiologia 6:27-34.

11

116. Block, W.C. 1967. Recovery of mites from peat and mineral soils using a new flotation method. J. Anim. Ecol. 36:323-327.

26

117. Bloom, P.H., W.E. Elder, & J. Grava. 1983. Chemistry and mineralogy of mineral elements in Minnesota histosols. Paper given at 26th Ann. Meeting, Manitoba Soil Science Society, University of Hanitoba, January 10-11, 1983. pp. 29-43.

16

118. Bloom, P.R., & M.B. McBride. 1979. Metal ion binding and exchange with hydrogen ions in acid-washed peat. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.: 43:687-692.

16

119. Bloomfield, C. 1969. Sulfate reduction in water logged soils. Jour.

120.

Soil Sci. 20:207-221. 16 21

Boatman, D.J. 1957. An ecological study of two areas of blanket bog on the Galway-Mayo Peninsula, Ireland. Proc. R. Ir. Acad., 59:29-42. 3

121. Boatman, D.J. 1960. The relationships of some bog communities in western Galway. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 61:141-166.

3 5 16

122. Boatman, D.J. 1961. Vegetation and peat characteristics of blanket bogs in County Kerry. J. Ecol. 49:507-517.

123.

124.

5 16

Boatman, D.J. 1962. blanket bog peat. and magnesium. J.

7

Boatman, D. J. blanket bog 60: 469-477 •

7

1972. peats.

The growth of Schoenus njgricans on I. The response to pH and the level of potassium

Ecol. 50:823-832. 16 18

The growth of Schoenus nigr;cans L. on II. Growth on Irish and Scottish peats. J. Ecol.

125. Boatman, D.J. 1977. Observations on the growth of Sphagnum cuspjdatum in a bog pool on the Silver Flowe National Nature Reserve. J. Ecol. 65:119-126.

8 18

126. Boatman, D.J. 1983. The Silver Flowe National Nature Reserve, Galloway, Scotland. J. Biogeography 10:163-274.

1 3 4 5 8 13 16 22

127. Boatman, D.J., & J. Roberts. 1963. The amounts of certain nutrients leached from peat by various extractants. J. Ecol. 51:187-189.

16 26

128. Boatman, D.J., & P.M. Lark. 1971. Inorganic nutrition of the protonemata of Sphagnum papjllosum, ~ magellanjcum and ~ cusQidatum. New Phytol. 70:1053-1059.

8 18

129. Boatman, D.J., & R.W. Tomlinson. 1973. structural and hydrological features bearing on pool formation. J. Ecol.

12

The Silver Flowe. I. Some of Brishie Bog, and their 61:653-666.

130. Boatman, D.J., D.A. Goode, & P.D. Hulme. 1981. The Silver Flowe III. Pattern development on Long Loch and Craigeazle mires. J. Ecol. 69:897-918.

4

131. Boatman, D. J., P. D. Hulme, & R. W. Tomlinson. 1975. Honthly determinations of the concentrations of Na, K, Mg and Ca in the rain and in pools of the Silver Flowe National Nature Reserve. J. Ecol. 63:903-912.

13 16

132. Boelter, D.H. 1964. \vater storage characteristics of several peats in situ. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 28:433-435.

13 14

133. Boelter, D.H. 1964a. Laboratory techniques for measuring water storage properties of organic soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 28:823-834.

13 14

134. Boelter, D.H. 1965. Hydraulic conductivity of peats. Soil Science 100:227-231.

135. Boelter, D.H. 1969. Physical properties of peats related to degree of decomposition. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 33:606-609.

14 20

136. Boelter, D.H. 1970. Important physical properties of peat materials. Proc. 3rd Int. Peat Congr., Quebec, 1968, pp. 150-154.

13 14 26

137. Boelter, D.H. 1972. Preliminary results of water level control on small pldts in a peat bog. Proc. 4th Int. Peat Congress, Otaniemi, Finland, 3:347-354

13

138. Boelter, D.H. 1972b. Water table drawdown around an open ditch in organic soils. J. Hydrol. 15:329-340.

139.

13 24

Boelter, D.H. 1974. The ecological fundamentals of forest drainage and peatland hydrology: Peatland water economy. Int. Symp. on Forest Drainage, Finland, pp. 35-46.

13 24

140. Boelter, D.H. 1974. The hydrologic characteristics of undrained organic soils in the Lake States. In: Histosols, Their Characteristics, Use, & Classification, ed. H.R. Aandahl, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Madison, His., pp. 33-46.

13

141. Boelter, D.H. 1975. Methods for analyzing the hydrological characteristics of organic soils in marsh-ridden areas. In: Hydrology of Harsh-Ridden Areas, Proc. of the Minsk Syrnp., 1972, UNESCO Press, Paris, pp. 161-169.

13 14 26

142. Boelter, D.H., & E.S. Verry. 1977. Peatland and water in the northern lake states. General Technical Rept. NC-31 , U.S.D.A. Forest Service, 22 p.

13 14 16 27

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1303. Volarovich, M.P., N.I. Gamayunov, & 1.1. Lishtvan. 1972. Investigations of physical and physico-chemical properties of peat. Proc. 4th Int. Peat Congr., Otaniemi, Finland, 1972, 4:219-226.

14

1304. Vuorela, I. 1983. Field erosion by wind as indicated by fluctuations in the ash content of Sphagnum peat. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland 55:25-33.

16

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16 22

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21

1307. viaksman, S.A., & K.R. Stevens. 1928. Contribution to the chemical composition or peat. I. Chemical nature of organic complexes in peat and methods of analyses. Soil Sci. 26:113-137.

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16 26

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12 22

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6

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2 16

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1317. Walter, H. 1977. The oligotrophic peatlands of Western Siberia - the largest peino-helobiome in the world. Vegetatio 34:167-178. 3 5

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15 16

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1320.

1321.

1322.

7 16 18

Waughman, G.J. 1971. nitrogen fixation.

Waughman, G.J. 1976. rheotrophic peat.

\~aughman, G.J. 1980. German peatlands.

Field use of the acetylene reduction assay for Oikos 22:111-113.

Investigations of nitrogenase activity in Can. J. Microbiol. 22:1561-1566.

17

26

Chemical aspects of the ecology of some south J. Ecol. 68:1025-1046.

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17 26

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17

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16 17

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4 5 13 22

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14

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the Canadian hi~h Arctic. Arctic and Alpine

4 5 18

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7

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4 13

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9 20

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13

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11

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11

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4 12

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8 18

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1343. Entry deleted.

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5

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13 24

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16

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20

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4 13

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1372.

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2 3

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12

Aapa Abisko Aboveground, Above Ground Absorption Abundance(s) Accumulation(s), Accumulators

Acetylene Acid(s), Acides, Acidification,

Acidity

Acid Precipitation~ Acid Rain Activity, Activities

Adaptation Adsorption Aeration Aerial Aerial Photographs, Aerofotos Aerobe, Aerobic Aerobic Limit Afforestation, Afforested Agassiz Age(s) Air, (Luft) Airborne Particles Akhult Air Pollution, Atmospheric

Pollution Al Alaska, Alaskan

Albedo Alberta Algae. Algal

Alkaline Alkaline Earth Allocation Alluvial Alpine Alteration Altitude Ameliorative America, American

Amino

417, 1067 1050 761 988, 9W 113, 548, 1065. 1356 37, 38, 72, 174, 211, 246. 303. 388. 409, 472, 481, 482, 555, 588. 634~ . 704, 713, 714, 777. 866, 938. 1011. 1101. 1109, 1179. 1253. 1254, 1318 850. 1320, 1323 118,150.151,162,192,211,238. 291. 331, 425, 433, 489, 490, 491. 510, 511, 513. 523, 578, 600, 627. 669, 672, 677, 681, 706. 796, 888. 963,965,997.1077,1097,1117, 1161. 1 200 , 1 202 , 127 9 , 1 2 80 , 1 281 , 1293, 1312 162, 425, 490, 491,706 26, 41, 1 82. 315, 401, 430, 498, 639 , 644, 733, 744, 745, 792, 796. 823. 980, 1218, 1219, 1223, 1231, 1321 1136 197, 838 29, 263, 607 88, 1114 1034 676, 747, 748, 944 747, 748 161, 168 562,564,1105,1106,1359 526, 646, 707 882 884 768 422. 764. 885

464. 87 8 61, 184,218.222.332,561, 708, 733, 844,852.1065,1101. 1103. 1131, 1132, 1160, 1195, 1268, 1275. 1355 96, 754 233, 580, 723, 724, 732, 841, 1299 69, 324, 325, 338, 404, 500, 577. 582, 765, 977, 1259 81 81 407, 408 181, 183 13. 108 693 171, 172, 173, 1278 389 295, 296, 301, 394, 715, 810, 897. 898. 900. 1026, 1027, 1094 211, 677, 1200

Amino Acids Ammonification Amoebae Amphibians Amplitude Anaerobic Anerobic. (Anaeroben) Analyse~s', AnalysIs, Analytical,

Analytische, Analyzing Anq;ermanland Animals Anoxic Antarctic Anthocyanin Anthropogenic Antwerp Apparatus Araneida Arctic

Ardenne Aromatic Arthropods Ash, Ashing; Asian Aspen Assay Associations Atlantic Atlas Atmosphere, Atmosoheric

Atmospheric Deposition, Atmos­pheric Inputs, Atmospheric Salts

Attawapiskat River Auchenorrhyncha Austria Autecology Autocomoaction Autoradiography Autotrophic Autumn Available, Availability,

Availabilities Bacteria, Bacterial, Bakterien

Balansa Balsam Bark Barrovl Base Status Basin(s) Bas Saint-Laurent Bay

211, 677, 1200 1366 547, 548 643 53, 54 91, 381, 5 ffi, 746, 747, 920, 944 12, 298, 534, 735, 942, 1248, 1252, 1307 1111 271, 277, 280 , 510, 790. 1300 177 261, 388 458, 945 1266 1250 783 227 13,64,70,99, 100, 101, 108, 111. 1 56, 1 84 , 375 , 53 8, 56 9 , 612, 70 8, . 772, 836. 878, 926, 1065, 1328. 1329, 1330, 1370 464 309. 381. ·688, 801, 1346 106 18, 19, 148, 1239, 1304 855 1275 1320 69, 230, 689 46, 294, 361 649 100. 155, 207. 450, 483. 488, 726, 758, 762, 800, 885. 887, 1228 450, 762, SOO. 1228

1125 1337 55 1054, 1056 653 1199 1220 219 365, 433, 460, 561, 631, 740, 792. 811, 943, 1098, 1189, 1273 47. 200, 381,500, 574, 595, 676,763, 1184 1031 690 513 61, 1 84, 87 8, 11 03, 11 95 9ffi 79, 534, 1093 435 107. 275. 276, 292, 321, 609, 793. 939, 940, 976. 1115, 1121, 1340

Behavior Belgian, Belgique, Belgium Belowground, Belo\-1 Ground

(Underground) Bemidji Bentonite Bergslagen Bibliography, Bibliographic,

(Biblior:r,raphie) Biochemical, Biochemistry Biodegradability Bioenergy Biogenic Biogeochemistry Biogeographie, Biogeography BioindicatorC s) Biological Activity Biomass

Biome Biopedological Birch Bird Blanket Bog(s), Blanket Mire(s),

Blanket Peat(s)

Bleaklow Blue Green Algae, (Cyanophyta,

Cyanophytes) Bog Flats Bog Formation Bog Gro\>Jth Bohrlochmethode Boles Boreal

Boron Boston Botanical, Botanisch, Botanische Br Bradford Brasilien Breakdown Brishie Bog Britain, British. British Isles

Brunei Brunswick Bryophyte(s)

Bryophyte Growth Budget(s) Bulk Density, (Volume Height(s))

715, 1210 1245,1279,1280,1281 539

421

~~8 364, 395, 117 2

2ff7, 331, 381, 444, 1363 720, 722 336 572 567,662 1154, 1162 513, 514 744, 745 114,506,512,816.1016,1114,1282. 1283, 1284 110 1268 1275 180,372,528, &)9, 1144 105, 115, 120, 122, 123, 124, 158, 159.201, 202, 203,247,266, 270, 330,410,411,466.467,468, 474, 526, 529.621,702,735, 792, 822, 823, 825, 828, 835, 840, 875. 953, 1000, 1001, 1156, 1158, 1165, 1167, 1168 840 324, 500

332 561 243, 245, 728 1081 690 156, 206, 415, 522. 565, 605, 606. 815, 919, 1124, 1277 168 653 285, 585, 625, 883, 902, 1354 1051 765 958 239 129 50, 298, 299, 395, 456, 489, 503, 552, 710, 735, 960, 1310, 1337 16 292, 429, 964 68, 515, 602, 641, ff78, 919. 929, 11 49, 11 52 , 13 4 1 1152 46, 221, 305. 361. 522, 568, 1295 782,909.1107,1240,1253,1258,1260

Buoyancy Burning Butterflies Buzzer Byelorussian Ca, Calcium Cadmium, Cd Caithness Caloric Campine Canada, Canadian

Candle Lake Canopy Capacity, Capacities

Cape Breton Capillary, (Kapillarer) Carbohydrate Carbon

Carbon-13 Carbon-14 Carbon Accumulation Carbon Accumulators Carbon Dioxide, CO 2 Carbon Metabolism Carboxyl Cardiganshire Caribou Carpets Cascade Mountains Catabolism Catchment(s)

Cation(s), (Kationen, Kationenaufnahm, Katjons)

Cation Exchange, (Ionenaustausch, Ionenaustausche. Ion Exchange)

Cation Exchange Capacity (Ion-Exchange Capacity)

Cattails Cedar Creek Cellulose, Celluloseabbau

Cellulose Decomposition Cercopidae Cesium. CSt (Radiocesium) Change(s). Changing

Channel

788 103. 537, 1226 760 783 90 131. 197 J, 466, 474, 489, 633, 663. 1104 197. 1115 1138 926 1280, 1281 34,35.103.111,156,209,384,413, 414, 449, 585, 638, 658, 670, 717, 718,836.839,863,913.956.991, 1039. 1230. 1328, 1369, 1370. 1345 604, 605, 606 190,1183 282,324,502,669,985.988,1161. 1240, 1241. 1345 372, 861 1018 55,56,600.1235 25, 101, 156, 174. 175, 221, 418. 440. 642,705,1013,1065,1109,1130, 1198, 1218, 1221 1065 1065 1109 174 101, 175,642,705, 1013, 1130, 1198 1218, 1221 1078 452 580,706,707 922 1024 381 171, 172, 173, 267, 859, 884, 1029, 1288 387, 1042, 1353

17, 23, 82 , 1 97, 237, 867. 1042

282,669. 985,988, 1161, 1241, 1345

979 194, 1200 92. 93, 179, 367, 368, 595, 676. 733, 1038, 1265 92, 93, 595, 1038. 1265 1338 207,797, 886, 1024 2, 4, 57. 58, 59. 94, 95, 100, 219, 292, 369, 370, 389, 416, 439. 600, 608, 645, 653. 690, 723, 758. 780. 806, 843, 887, 1089, 109" 1127, 1203. 1280, 1345 859

Characteristics, Character­ization

Chemical, Chemistry

Chemical Comoosition, Chemical Characteristics, Chemical Properties

Chemical Technology Cheshire Chironomidae Chitinase Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Chlorosis Chronology. Chronostratigraphy Circumboreal Cladocera Claish Hoss Classification(s). Classify.

Classifyin~, (Klassifizierung)

Clay Clearcutting Climate, Climatic, Climatique,

(Klimate) Clustering CO C02 Coal Coast, Coastal

Coleoptera Collembola, Collembolan Colloidal Colonizing Colorado Colored Combustion Communidades. Communities,

Community .

Competition, Competitive Complex. Complexes

15, 67, 122. 132, 140, 141, 163, 171, 394, 438, 566, 652, 743, 751. 7fr{. 946, 975, 1092, 1272. 1294 10,104.117,157,167,172,225,259, 260, 291, 365, 394, 404, 420, 424. 428, 443, 447, 475, 477, 478, 479. 484, 4fr{, 492, 504, 566. 662, 690, 693, 697, 721, 766. 802, 842, 846, 851,931,963,971,990,1092,1123, 11 57, 11 89, 1 259, 127 4 , 1281, 12 ffi • 1299, 1302, 1303, 1305. 1307, 1308. 1315, 1316. 1322 104, 167, 259, 394, 404. 477, 478, 479. 4fr{. 566, 697, 766. 963. 990, 1123, 1259, 1299, 1303, 1305, 1307, 1308, 1316 420 84, 504, 505, 759 192 733 230 875 7 16, 86 3, 97 2, 1 074 580 281, 549 826 ffi, fr{. 253, 255. 274, 276, 299, 377. 3ffi, 457, 558, 610, 625, 664, 667, 743, 781, 804, 819. 820, 832, 880. 881,914, 939, 966, 969, 1115, 1151, 11 93 , 13 57. 1371 638 1fr{ 1.2,57,58, 166,264.348,390, 532. 670. 889. 1129, 1225, 1230, 1351 915 100,308,525,1177 1110, 1195 210, 212, 213, 256 61, 184,221.222, 251. 276,655.692, 793. 897, 898. 1021, 1027 281 105, 529, 530, 531. 843, 672 1329 891, 892 888 207 59,70, 111, 121,240,284,298.303, 319, 372, 413, 459, 460, 462, 463, 493, 494, 495, 496, 511, 521, 588. 636, 682, 805, 816, 86 9, 951, 952, 957, 959, 964, 1069, 1094, 1110, 1148. 1151,1160, 1213, 1246, 1330 1 96, 789, 1004 153, 252, 255, 256, 316, 319, 414, 441,625, 665, 749, 806, 852. 893. 951, 952, 1259, 1298, 1307,1340

Complexation Compounds Conductivity Conifer Conservation, Conserving Consolidation Consumer, ConsumptiOn Contaminants, Contamination Continental Control(s), Controlled,

Controlling Coom Rigg Moss Copper, Cu Core Corer Corixidae Cotton Cover, Covered Craigeazle Cranberry Cranberry Glades Cranesmoor Cron(s) Crustacea Crustal Cultivation, Cultivated,

(Kulivierten) Culture(s), Cultureable,

(Kultur) Cumbria Cut, Cutaway, Cut-away, Cutting Cuticular Cycle(s), Cyclic, Cyclical,

Cycling Cypress Czechoslovak Damage Damming Dated, Dates, Datierung, Dating DDT Deciduous Decay, DecompOSition, Degradation

Deficiency, Deficit(s) Deformation Degero Stormyr Denitrification Denmark, Danish, Dannelse Density

Denosit(s), Deoosition

320 381, 671. 1346 134, 289. 489, 769, 910 231, 235, 1090 89, 152, 174, 355, 1128 ~%2,9~48752, 1201

453, 1060 842, 912 137. 162, 206, 221, 240, 504, 736,1158,1195,1230 224, 225, 226 197,735, 1262 179, 1173 283 279, 281 461, 1329 96,267,794,795, 1328 130 9, 465 300a 857 979, 1219, 1328 281, 549 653 11, 696, 1269

68, 204, 465, 655, 822. 1041

317 72, 314, 326, 697 1178 1, 2, 10, 25, 57, 59 , 220, 222. 672, 738, 1035. 1069, 1139, 1277 1069 390 731 608 5, 7, 32L 366, 453. 885, 904. 932 959 219, 1071 92,93,135,181,182.185.216,256, 270, 302, 304, 307, 311, 312, 328, 401, 416, 423, 465, 524, 545, 551, 554, 555, 573, 600. 621, 658, 661. 690,701,722,796.824,836,838, 959, 996, 1036, 1038, 1167, 1174, 1256. 1265. 1276, 1335, 1342 52, 167, 168, 1136 536 774 66, 520. 850, 1233 2. 3, 4, 5, 288, fJ70, 1255 675.782, 269, 909, 1107, 1253, 1258, 1260 4, 5, 491. 698, 762, 1052, 1075, 1228

Depth(s)

Derbyshire Desmid Desorption Destruction Determination(s). Determined,

Determining, (Bestamningar)

Detritus Deuterium Development( s), (Entwicl<lung)

Devon D/H Ratios Diagenesis Dialysis Diatoms Diffusion Dimension Analysis Direct-Count Diptera Dismal Swamp,(Great Dismal Swamp) Dispersion Disposal Dissolved Gases Dissolved Materials Disturbance(s). Disturbed Ditch Diurnal. Diel Drains. Drainage, Drainageway.

Drained

Draved Mose Drawdown Drought Dry Matter, Dry vJeight DUblin

·.Dust Dutch Eagle Eau Eccentric, Exzentrisch Ecological Amplitude Ecotype Effluent

144, 370, 405, 679, 633. 656, 748, 1219 84, 840. 992, 1212 957 197 1363 14, 19, 88, 131,270,365,367.441, 628. 673, 763, 773, 850, 909, 1063. 1079, 1142. 1171, 1174. 1199, 1240, 1256, 1262, 1 264 , 1 293. 13 5 3 441,628, 673, 763, 773, 850, 909, 1063, 1079, 1142. 1171, 1174, 1199, 1240,1256,1262,1264,1293.1353 753 1068 16, 109, 130, 145, 218, 225, 232, 250, 295, 316, 336. 414, 446. 452, 476, 400, 771. 7f5(, 821. 828, 834. 835. 847, 853. f5(7, 911, 912, 1026, 1061,1062.1000,1138,1226.1229. 1230. 1249, 1348 913 179, 367 674 002 291 27 1017 763 192, 269 284, 302. 303, 305. 454, 816. 1200 788 1244 1028 1314 111, 3 93 , 111 4 138 369, 407, 408, 754 25, 139, 165, 167, 201. 203, 200. 346. 347. 427, 542, 560, 583, 608,644,600,744,745,748,781, 790, 905, 907. 911, 1059, 1112, 1283, 1292 4, 5 138 171, 1132 407, 408, 1253 308, 817 1214 291 733 f5(4 883, 1347 53, 54 7ffi 1244

Electric Electrochemistry Electrode Electrolytes Electron Microscopy Electrophoretic Element(s)

Element Composition, Element Concentrations, Element Contents

Elementary Constituents Emission Enchytraeidae

Energetics, Energy

Energy Balance, Energy Energy Content Engineering England, English

English Lake District Enzymology Epiphytic Equilibrium Ericaceae, Ericaceous,

Budget

Ericad(s)

Erie Ernahrungsphysiologie Eroded, Eroding, Erosion

Establishment . Estonia, Estonian Ethylenediamine Eurasian Europaischen, Europas, Europe,

European

EutrophiC Evaporation, Evapotranspiration,

Evapotranspirometer, (Verdunstung)

Everglades Evergreen Evolution

300 800 14, 673 1120 1003, 1180 757 117, 149, 157, 293, 422, 431, 460, 463, 469, 538, 916, 923, 925, 1034, 1108, 1135, 1243 422, 431, 916, 927, 1243

572 702, 948, 949, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1168 166,522,793,979,1014,1015, 1256, 1260, 1261, 1275 166, 522 1256, 1260 751 67, 88, 150, 340, 475, 478, 481, 547, 809, 854, 925, 954, 1144, 1253 475 , 47 8, 4 81 205 693 867 55, 83, 739, 786, 1004, 1005, 1007, 1008 1093 1042 62, 115, 158, 159, 280, 473, 529, 813, 992, 1209, 1211 ,1212, 1304 20,53,1188 588, 637, 641, 794, 795 1293 1372 12, f5(, 152,318,625,819,831, 895, 921, 961, 1033, 1250, 1254, 1255, 1324 30, 1285 71, 73, 76, 273, 342, 343, 556, 860,1030,1033,1186,1245,1295

213,251,255,256,315 219, 1005, 1071, 1099 101,301,564,1013,1106

Excnange, Exchangeable, Exchanger. 17, 82, 118, 181, 197, 237, 278, 282, 367, 474, 578, 642, 669, 705, 867,908,985,988,1110,1130, 1161, 1195, 1241, 1294, 1345

Exmoor Experiment(s), Experimental

Exploration Extractable, Extractants,

Extractives, Extracts Factor Analysis

777, 823 54,79, 239, 541, 620, 634, 708, 859, 1038, 1158, 1202 258 127 , 6f5(, 915,

179, 367, 440, 633, 663, 684, 837, 948 934

Faeros Fairbanks Falkland Islands Fallout

Fauna

Featherbed Hoss Feeding Fen(s), (Niedermoorboden,

Niedermooren, Niedermoorstand, Low Moor(s), Loomoor(s)

Fennoscandia, Fennoscandian Ferns Fertility, Fertilization,

Fertilizer, (GjOdslings)

Feuerlands Fiber. Fibre, Fibrous Filters, Filtration Finland. Finnish, Finnlands

Fir Fire(s), Fired Flanders Moss Floating Flooded, Flooding Floor(s) . Flora, Floristic, Floristische

Florida

Flotation Flow Fluctuation(s)

Fluorescence Flux, Fluxes Foliage, Foliar Food Food Vleb(s). Food Cycles Forest(s), Forested, Forestiers,

Forestry

Forest Drainage Fraction(s) France Freezing, Frigid. Frost, Frozen

694 1131 4ff7 155. 481, 482, 488, 758. 8ff7, 891, 892, 1024 528" 701, 808, 994, 1144, 1167, 129c: 84, 1212 1007 149, 323, 370, 379, 478, 489, 547, 597, 829, 882, 936, 1036, 1084, 1092,1121,1125, 1129, 1265, 1299, 1334 379, 936, 1036, 1129 10go 167. 430, 541, 644, 708, 907, 1008, 1101, 1283, 1293 167, 430, 541, 644, 708, 907, 1008.1101.1283,1293 1086 838, 1142 186. 574 366, 376, 377, 378, 417, 582, 808. 885, 906, 915, 918, 922, 925. 934, 937, 938, 1061, 1144, 1249, 1253. 1259, 1364 690 251, 405, 409, 912, 993, 1043. 1300 760 1201 302, 304, 1098, 1218, 1231 1013, 1015 12, 296, 298, 299, 601, 694, 898, 960 21" 213,251,255, 315, 1232. 1232, 1300 116 21, 427, 573, 626, 725. 1291 24, 114, 290, 556. 785, 12 ff7 , 1304 574, 1262 48,183,540,572.1198 1242, 1243, 1275, 1319 510, 1065. 1139, 1165 1065, 1139 74, 90, 103. 139, 1 81, 1 83, 206, 206, 413, 448, 513, 522, 540, 542, 557, 560, 561, 562, 585, 601, 605, 606. 638, 644, 682, 690, 724, 780, 785, 801, 826, 852, 857, 858, 935, 965, 1013, 1015, 1069, 1112, 1122, 1131, 1144, 1172. 1186, 1275, 1290 139, 560 212,219,229.396,416,1155 720 376, 647, 730, 731, 946, 1055, 1131, 11 90, 126 3 , 1370

Freshvlater

Fuel Fulvic Acid(s) Fundy Fungi, (Pilze)

Furness Galacturonic Acid(s) Galapagos Galloway Galway Gametophytes Gas, Gases Gas Analysis Genesis Geobotanical. Geobotanicheski Geochemical, Geochemistry Geographic, Geographical Geolo~i. Geological,

Geologische, Geology Geomorpholop;y Geophysical Georgia German, Germany, (Deutschen,

Deutschland)

Ge rmina tion Glacial, Glaciated

Glenamoy Globe, Global Gotaland Gradients Grass, Grasslands, Grazing Groundwater, Ground Water,

(Grundwasser, Grundwasserbeob, Grundwassergefalle. Grunnvannsspeil) .

Grmving, Grown, Growth (J..lachstum)

Growth Dynamics. Growth Heasurements, Growth Rate(s). Growth Rhythm

Gulf Gully

8, 66. 1 82, 455, 51 9, 540, 763, 1021, 1244, 1336 1253 1077 292 50~ 2317 308~ 31~ 313, 326, 327. 40u. 63 , 670, 600 316 1161 260. 5CJ7 126, 998 120, 121 750 1028, 1130 1130 7, 681, 1058, 1237 1034 211. 257, 258. 798, 799, ffll 56, 292, 295, 625, 665, 1009 257,501, 803, 845. 883.902

793 592 250, 252 355, 358, 359, 571, 801. 1076, 1255. 1269, 1318, 1322 355, 358, 359, 571, 801, 1076, 1255. 1269. 1318, 1322 53, 108, 1188, 1329 505, 525, 562, 810, 1105, 1106, 1177, 1251, 1310, 1344 201, 328, 330 174, 175, 648, 688 767, 768, 769 172,1127. 12CJ7 461,552, ffl5, 1184, 1226, 1329 43.75, 162, 344, 351, 376, 389, 459. 460.556,559.668,748,761,785. 816, ffl2. 923, 1018, 1092, 1096, 1106, 1214, 1361, 1366 29, 101, 123. 124. 125. 144, 147, 167, 194, 204, 206, 220, 241, 242, 243, 245,247,261, 263, 330. 337. 391. 406, 459, 463, 466, 467, 468, 471, 493, 494, 495. 496, 541, 584, 589, 607. 620, 658, 660, 684, 702, 727. 728, 729, 730, 731, 737, 738, 009. 844. 263, ffl5. 903, 932, 935, 950, 955,1005,1008,1093,1101,1152, 1153,1158, 1159, 1160.1191, 1192, 1205, 1207, 1226, 1242, 1243, 1259. 1 27 0, 127 4 , 1 282. 1 285 , 1372 206, 261, 337, 728, 729. 730, 932, 935,950,955,1093.1282,1285

1355 840

Gyrinidae Habitat(s)

Hakkoda Halifax Hame Hampshire Hants Co. Harva rd Pond Harvestmen Hautes-Fagnes Hawley Lake Heat Hea the s), Heide

Heath Plant(s) Heath Vegetation Heavy HetalC s)

Height Helobiome Hemiotera Heteroptera Heterotrophic Histology Historical, Histories, History

Histosols

Hohem·lachstum Hollo\\T( s), (Schlenkenb ildung) Holocellulose Holocene Horizon(s) Hudson Bay

Hull· Human Human Activity Humates Humic Acid(s), Humic-Fulvic Acids,

Humic t-laterials. Humic Components. Humic Substances, Humus-like Substances

Humidity Humification, (Vertorfungsgrad)

Hummel Knowe Moss Hummock(s) Humosen. Humus,

Humusuntersuchungen Humus Layer Hydraulic Conductivity,

(Durchlassigkeit, Leitfahigkeit Wasserdurchlass)

281 30,38,200,206,274,297.326, 475,531,580,608.643,692,705, 76 8, 11 47, 1 227 1057, 1365 479 6, 727 689 525 1201 759 1245 1122 90 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 59, 537, 736, 81 9, 1045 52, 53, 54. 56 537, 1045 176.409,514,515.571,619,266, 917. 928, 929, 935, 936, 956. 981, 1051, 1052, 1252, 1318, 1364 727, 728, 1339 1317 279.281.1337. 1338 279 711, 1220 9 97,257, 393, 418, 504, 505. 534, 710,826,885,1164.1266 67,117,743, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1232 1053 . 7, 214, 917, 1058, 1298 908 252, 602, 1372 757, 1074 275, 276, 609, 939, 940, 112'-1340 88, 495, 496,728 41, 4 as, 823, 1203 41, 4ffi, 823. 1203 1117, 1176 230, 234, 320, 331, 428, 433,681, 888. 96 3. 977, 978, 997, 1077, 1117 1202. 1346

199 3, 628, 657, 675, .,1077, 1078. 1079,1107,1174,1258,1345,1345, 1346 244 366.727,728, 917. 1298 3 ff7. 780, 1064, 1123, 1346

780, 1123 134,289.344,360, 910, 1081, 1082. 1327

Hydrocarbons Hydrogen Hydrogeologic, Hydrogeology Hydrogen ionCs) HydrOf!:ra phische Hydrologic t Hydrological,

HydrologlSch, Hydrologische Hydrologischen, Hydrologischer, Hydrologiska

Hydrology, CBodenhydrologie Gidrol, Gidrolo~ichesko, Gidrologiya, Hydrologie, Hydrologisch, l'1oorhydrologie, Wasserkreislauf, Wasser­verh~ltnisse, Wasservertheilung)

Hydrometeorology, CGidrometeorologicheskikh)

Hydronium Hydrophysics, CGidrofizicheskie) Hydroseres Hydrostatic Hydroxyl IBP Iceland Illinois Impact Impregnation Improve, Improved, Imorovement Increment Incubation IndicatorCs), Indikatoreigens Industrial Infiltration Initiation Inorganic Input InsectCs) Instrument Inter8ctions Interception Interstitial 1;]aterCs) Intertidal Intracellular Organisms Inuvik Inventories, Inventory InvertebrateCs) IonCs), Ionic

Ion Binding Ionic Composition Content, Ion Transport, Ionetransoort Ireland, Irish

Iron

230, 688, 801 82. 11 8, 367. 368 803, 1105 118 343 42,46, 129, 140. 141,345

4 350.

355, 356, 357. 361, 390, 4 2.611, 828, 872, 880, 883, 1034, 1187

42, 45, 71, 78, 139, 202, 230, 267, 345, 349, 350. 353, 356, 357. 457, 519, 590, 593, 598, 626, 775, 873, 882, 883, 1034, 1049. 1129, 1212, 1289

24

173 1031, 1032 1310 273 1078 328 694 716, 803 109. 291, 1007 398 453, 623. 644, 1012, 1271 366 634 422, 604, 747, 810, 919. 1314, 1318 420 . 946, 1018 821, 822, 823 19, 128,396,441, 460, 463 280, 450, 627 808, 1004, 1007 1173 826 493 177 1012 498 103 275, 779, 1257 369, 854 14,81,118,163,197,237,438, 490, 769, 961, 1280, 1345 118 ~

961 1200 162, 163 63, 86, 105, 120, 202, 281, 313, 328, 330, 426. 815, 818, 1156, 1311, 1316 474, 620, 672, 875,984, 1097. 1262, 1273

Isolates Isolation Isotope(s) Itasca Jack Pine James Bay, Baie James Japan Kansallispuisto Kasmiere Lake Kerry Kettle-Hole Kevo Killakee l'lountain Kinetics Kinoje Lakes Kirip;amine Kolebaniya Komosse Koniq;smoor Kopparbergs Lan Korkeuska Kuskokwim River Kwalo Koivasso Bog Laaviosuo Labrador Lake Agassiz Lake States Lancashire Land Use (LandnUtzung) Landforms Landscape Lapland Laurentian Shield Laurentides Layering Layers Leached, Leachin~ Lead, (Pb)

Lead Accumulation Lead Deposition Leaf, Leaves

Lesotho Lichen(s)

Life History (ies) Light Lignin Lille Lime. Liminp; Limestone Limit(s). Limitation(s), Limiting

325 438 199.392,544.1140,1351 193, 713 506 107, 321, 793. 940, 962. 976, 1115 901, 1193 380 258 122 640 640 308 8, 197, 1336 609 1194 24 611, 894 351 742 1053 332 644 972 729 15, 413, 414, 532 562. 1105, 1106, 1359 140, 142 316, 317 1185,1315 1367 412. 414, 505, 564 417, 1061 974 434 1169 148. 591, 813 127,543,544 5, 196, 197. 366, 673, 704, 710, 735. 924, 930, 933. 1113 704 5 304,311, 1005, 1007, 1008, 1099, 1100, 1180 1278 384, 570, 639, 640, 642. 659, 660. 693, 704, 705, 706, 707, 709, 797. 836, 864, 265, 266, 867, 922, 924, 981. 982, 1017, 1262, 1335 gr, 393, 1164 159, 282, 493 385 436 600, 634, 837 459. 460 245, 462, 466, 467. 468, 521. 747, 748, 792, 1074, 1270, 1367

Linuron Linyphidae Lipids Literature Litter, Litterfall

Litter Accumulation Litter Bag(s) Litter Decomposition Llyn Loch(s) London Longevity Loss, Losses Lublin Luft Lumbricidae Lycosid Lysimeter Hacerals Hackenzie Valley Hacrofossil(s), Makrofossilien Hacroinvertebrate Hadison Magellanes Magnesium, Mg Magnetic, Magnetism Mahoosuc Maine

Malham Mammals Management Mangrove Hanitoba Map(s), Mapping (Jordartskarta) Haritime Provinces Marsh, Marshes

Massachusetts Mason Fen Mat Headow Mer Bleu Hercury Metabolic, Hetabolism,

Hetabolizing Metal(s), Metallic,

Metallkonzentrationen

Hetal Deposition Meteorological, Meteorology Methane Methanogenesis, Hethanogens

838 2Z7 645, 646 752, 791 1 81, 1 83, 302, 303) 304) 312, 454, 545,701, 836, 1030, 1107, 1342 303 1342 302, 304, 312, 545, 701, 836, 1036 834 130, 1138 805 1008, 1099, 1100 339, 402, 609, 1Z75 149 882 1196 S70 Z73 256 1262 517 371 S73 964 633,663,1104-1131,474 758, 884, 885, 8S7, 1043, 1313 7S7 285, 292, 6Z7, 656, 7S7, 862, S71, 899, 1308, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357 268 12Z7 358, 455, 1001 255, 256 51, 258, 9Z7, 1010, 1011, 1367, 1368 209, 742, 845, 939, 1217 956 8, 141, 252, 419, 443, 524, 841, 1006, 1336 653, 1080 370 194, 577, 578, 713 31, 330 624 207, 762, 1112 399, 684, 6S7, 763, 959, 1218, 1221

4,81,118,176,210,320,409, 440, 449, 450, 514, 515, 571, 619, 6Z7, 866,917, 921, 922, 925, 928, 929, 935, 936, 937, 938, 956, 981, 982, 9Cf{, 1044, 1051, 1052, 10Cf{, 1117, 1215, 1252, 1318, 1364 4, 1052 24 48, 540, 11Cf{, 1198 49, 5ffi

Method(s), l'tethoden, Hetody, (Procedure(s), Techniaue(s»

Michigan

Microbial Activity (ies) ~1icroclimate. (Kleinklimatisch,

Mikroklima)

Hicro-elements ~iicrocommuni ties Hicrocosms Hicroelements Microfauna Microflora, Mikrobiologie,

Mikrobiologisch, l'licroorganisms

t'licrohabi tats l,ticronutrients t'iicropollutants ['Iicroscopy i1icrotome l'iicrotopop:raphy lviikromorphologische Hiles Rough Bog Hillennium Hineral

IhneralbOden ~lineral Composition, ~1ineral

Content, l'1ineral Element( s) • Hineral Hatter, Mineral Hatter

Mineralization Mineral Nutrition, Mineral

Supply, i'lineral Uptake Mineralogy, Hinerals Minerotrophic t1innesota

Mire Complex, tvloorkemplexen, Myrkomplexen(es), l'1yrkomplexet

Hite(s) Mitteleurop~isc, Mitteleuropas Hoat Hobility, Mobilization Hodel( s) l"loisture

72, 116, 141, lffi, 241, 244, 254, 300, 365, 527. 602,711, 746,763, 775, 781, 850. 858, ffi8. 941. 989, 1031, 1063. 1064. 1075, 1143, 1151. 1171, 1174, 1249. 1256, 1271, 1302, 1307, 1342 1347 432, 563, 671, 691, 1087, 1089, lOgo, 1091, 1092, 1104, 1298 430, 792, 1218, 1219, 1223, 1231 166, 206, 352, 1072

166, 206. 352. 1072 699 577 304 699 702, 1165 91, 198, 401, 404, 465, 576, 644, 661, 684, 6ffi, 711, 817, ffi8, 941

613, 1168 1202 438. 741 57 4 , 1 003, 11 80 253, 812 884, 1287 983 765 4 18, 116, J17, 185, 282, 431, 459, 460, 461. 462, 463, 4ffi, 634, 772. 849, 004, 927, 1002, 1003, 1099, 11 00, 11 90, 11 92 335 1 8, 117, 1 85, 2 84, 431, 459 , 46 0 , 462, 463, 4ffi, T(2, 927, 1002, 1003, 1100 520, 755, 1232, 1349 461, ffi4, 1099, 1100, 1192

117, 280, 39), 1071 38, 70, 371 20,75,78, 117, 190, 194,200, 265, 396, 445, 446, 447, 508, 512, 601,643,682,713,778,779,785, 791. 814, 927. 979. 1013, 1014, 1015,1106,1200,1243, 12ffi, 1291, 1319 153, 414, 849

113, 114, 116 335, 517,650 193 627. 635, 651, 1362 60, 243, 472, 494, 592, 940, 1336 74. 402, 607, 642, 1223, 1239, 1260, 1301

Mollusca. Molluscan Honi tor( s), Moni toring /'1onoliths. (Torvmonolither) Monosaccharide Montane Nont Tremblant Hoorbooen(s), Moorprofil

Moorbooenproben Moor House

Moorpflanzen, Moorvegetation t100rschutz ~loortypen

Moose River Morpho. Morphological, l'1orpholop-:y Mortality Hoss Bags. (Peat Bags) Hoss(es), /'1osselementen.

t-!oospflanze. /Vlosstyper

Host-probable-number Technique Moths Nountain(s)

Multivariate Hunsary Dubh Lochs l'1ycobacteria Mycorrhiza Myrjord Myrtyoer Nature Reserve(s). Natural

Area(s) Nearshore Nedvasking Needles Nematode(s) Nevin Newfoundland NeVI York New Zealand Niches Nickel Nitrate Nitrification, Nitrifier Nitrogen Budget, Nitrogen

Balance, Nitrogen Economy Nitrogenase Nitrogen Cycling, Nitrogen

Mineralization, Nitrogen Mobilization, Nitrogen RecyclinR

716, 1177 450, 764, 1228 162, 533 839 552, 844 974 44, 65, 360. 575, 1018, 1085. 1327 1083 113, 227 9 228, 269, 340, 4779 497, 531, 553, 854, 11 96, 1337 374 , 397, 807, 11 82 349, 350 650 585 285, 457, 532, 721, 1134, 1331 1087, 1 089 , 1100 764, 1228 11,37,38.70, 80, 84. 104,204, 206. 224. 225, 226. 244, 246, 261. 317, 366, 388, 409, 422, 449, 498. 504. 505, 514, 639, 646, 661, 689, 717,719,727,737,759,760,764, 779, 810, 826, 860, 896. 908, 921, 924, 928, 931, 935, 987, 988, 1051, 1116, 1131, 1132. 1195, 1212, 1228, 1235, 1247, 1266 309 760 308, 689, 817, 892, 1024, 1057, 1187, 1365 431, 614. 708. 982 1138 654, 655 9 544 166 113, 125. 126, 131, 277, 228, 269, 340, 456 230 543, 544 924 50, 106 873 966, 967, 968, 969, 1154, 1331 1161 1184 614 1262 39, 173, 980, 1233, 1234 1220, 1366 64. 568, 1056, 1163. 1325

498. 1321 520, 635, 651, 755, 1035, 1136, 1232, 1277, 1349

Nitrogen Fixation, Dinitrogen

Nitrogen Transformation(s) Nodulated, Nodules Nordamerikanska Norddeutschland, Nordeutscher,

Nordwestdeutsch Nordfinnische, Nordfinnischen North Black River Peatland North Carolina Northumberland Norway, Norwegian

Nova Scotia(n) Nuclear Numerical Numerical Methods Nutrient(s), (Macronutrient,

Naeringsstofer, Naeringsstudier, Nutritifs)

Nutrient Availability Nutrient Budget(s) Nutrient Concentration(s),

Nutrient Content(s), Nutrient Status

Nutrient Cycling, Nutrient Dynamics, Nutrient Exchanges, Nutrient Fluxes. Nutrient Turnover, Nutrient Uptake

Nutrient Flow, Nutrient Yields Nutrient Requirements, Nutrient

Deficiency, Nutrient Limitation(s)

Nutrition, Nutzung 0181016 Ratio Okefenokee

Oligochaeta Oligotrophic Ombrogenen, Ombrophilous,

Ombrotrophic

Ontario

13,69,70, 107, 146,223,324, 499, 500, 570, 640, 689, 1088, 1320, 1324, 1325 1231 146, 147, 1088 896 45, 904, 1182, 1326

374, 1046 445 1021 224, 225, 226 161, 163, 165, 168, 172, 173, 526, 596, 1130 208, 479, 525, 719, 891, 892a 891, 892 113, 244, 1151 244

169, 170, 171 , 655, 741, 955,

861, ar9

9, 31, 32, 37, 38, 68, 99, 113, 121, 128, 167, 181, 183,204,217, 220, 221, 222, 244, 272, 309, 329, 360,418,437,454,459, 460, 462, 463,521,541,544,574,607,618, 711, 736, 740, 772, 792, 821, 891, 892, 911, 918, 920, 922, 923, 931, 96 8, 988, 1015, 1023, 1069, 10ar, 1090, 1095, 1096, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1136, 1151, 1175, 1189, 1190, 1213, 1214,1242,1210, 12ffi, 1290, 1291, 1331 792, 1189 221 31,454, 61S, 931, 968,1090, 1190, 1331

183, 220, 217, 222, 618, 736, 1015, 1023, 1069, 1213

1286, 1291 9, 521, 1210

128, 204, 360, 1099, 1100 179 210, 213, 250, 252, 257, 440, 1 069 , 1 070 , 1 071 949, 1164, 1166 30, 319, 1285, 1317 4, 5, 38, 58, 223, 293, 296, 311, 758, 849, 886, sar, 921, 922, 923,929,957, 1035, 1054, 1056, 1198, 1259, 1347 107, 216, 290, 585, 607, 608, 659, 721,921,947,1094,1107,1115, 1122, 1125, 1169, 1229, 1230, 1262

Ordination Oregon Organic. Organo, Organogener Organic Acid(s) Organic Carbon Organic Matter

Organic Nutrition Organic Substances, Organic

Complexes, Organic Components Organs Origines)

Otaniemi Ottawa Output Overland FloH Overstory Overstory Removal Overwintering Oxidation, Oxide(s), Oxidizing

Oxycocco-Sohagnetum Oxygen

Oxygen Diffusion PaCific Paleo. Paleoecological.

Paleoecology Paleoclimatic Paleoenvironment Paleohydrologic Paleohygrometer Paleontology Palsas Paludified. Paludification Palynology Paper Parasitizing Parathion Particles, Particulate Pathway(s) Pattern(s), Patterned

Pb(II) Pb-210 Peat Accumulation, Peat Growth

Peat Formation Peatland Development, Development

of Peatlands Peat Sampler(s) Peat Testing, (Testing of Peats)

235, 934 148 77 1097 156, 440 191, 212. 307, 472, 551. 554. 555, 571, 644~ 072. 713, 714, 777, 788, 1077, 1080, 1222, 1224, 1276, 1345 204 784, 851, 926, 1176. 1307

405 11. 18,56,212,213,238.255, 256, 415. 476, 526. 825, 826, 1 066, 1201, 1268 137 624 280 626 188, 189 188, 189 1005, 1008 26, 27, 177. 745. 951, 1043. 1222. 1234 294 27. 144, 199, 368, 392, 1097, 1191 27 8CJ7, 898, 1027 57, 102,252. 509, 526,777, 810 1068 254 94, 95 392 716 658, 1061. 1062, 1368 700, 935 58 1269 50 465 230, 758, 884, 885, 887 64, 1233 130,218,292,295,328,414,415, 445, 446, 447, 563,612,615,660, 830, 954, 957, 1106, 1124. 1132, 1138, 1209, 1251,1299, 1355 673 5, 366, 8ffi 123, 246. 337, 388, 588, 777, ffi3, 1093 3,249,698,784, 000, 821, 1251 295, 336, 847, 1249

623, 1238, 1249, 1257 306

Pectin Penetration Pennine(s)

Percolator Period Periodicity Permafrost Persistence Petersham Petrography, Petrology Pflanzengeographischen Pflanzen~esellschaften pH

pH Determination Phenolic, Phenols Phenological Phenotypic' Phosphatase Phosphate(s), Phosphorus

Photogrammetric. Photogrammetry Photosynthate, Photosynthesis,

Photosynthetic, Photosynthetica

Photosynthetic Bacteria Physical, Physics, Physikalische

Physical Property(ies), Physical Characteristics, Physical Conditions

Physical Chemistry Physico, Physicochemical Physiop.;nomy Physiographic Physiological. Physiology

Phytogeographical, Phytogeography. (Fitogeografia)

Phytomass Phytosociolop;ic Phytotoxicity Pine

Pingo Pipeflo\.-l Pipeline Pipes Piping Piston

676 488 247, 266, 200. 410, 549, 854, 1000,1196,1208.1209.1210,1211. 1212, 1338

~~~, 006 338 191,732, 975. 1131, 1367 1043 1201 252, 254 12 318, 1086 146, 169, 170, 240, 307, 425. 604. 740, 850, 87 4. 1063. 1104, 1171 1063. 1171 416,1078 844 1132 796 30, 61. 177, 218. 219, 222. 320. 339,365, 433, 466. 467.561,578, 629,630,631,632,671.672,943, 944,1054,1055,1098,1104,1264, 1 27 3, 1 285 , 131 9, 1362 1034, 1185 99,200.493,495.496,612.613. 639, 645,706,707, 1132, 1136, 1247 200 15, 135, 136, 346, 347, 394. 426, 457, 504, 535, 679, 721, 7'67, 990, 1025,1050,1092.1170,1302,1303. 1315 15, 135, 136, 394, 426. 535. 7'67. 990,1025,1050,1092,1170,1303

1302 866. 963. 1281, 1303 1115 332, 940 310, 325, 400, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 595, 709, 981, 1205 12, 334, 964, 1278

305, 1102 235, 969 865 167, 506. 644, 924, 994, 1265. 1284, 1292 534 442 1160 442 622 1360

Plant Community(ies)

Plant Distribution Plant Growth

Plateau, Plateaus, Plateaux Plynlimon Po Pocosin(s) Podzol Poland, Polen, Poles, Polesie

Polessie, Polish Pollen. Pollination, Pollinators

Pollutants, Pollution Polycholorinated Biphenyls, PCB Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Polyphenols Polyurethane Pond PooHs)

Pool Formation Population(s)

Population Dynamics Pore, Porous Porositat Postglacial Potassium, (Kalium), K Power Plant(s) Precipitation

Precipitation Chemistry Prehistoric Preservation Pressure Primary Productin. Primary

Productivity

Probe Producing, Production,

Productive, Productivity

Profile(s)

Protease Protection Protonemata Protons Protozoa

111,284,303,682,805,816,951. 952, 1151 590, 683 263, 466. 467, 468, 620, 844, 1101, 1270 2gr, 658, 1368 859 21 215, 232, 1020, 1021, 1022 576 90, 513, 514, 587, 678, 881, 1363 266,508,525,534,739.815,826, 879,898,1004,1208 2 f51, 422. 513, 51 4. 710, 764, 885 423 688, 801 837 725 510, 511, 1201, 1312 125,129.131,192,291,338,806 826,830,954,1279.1280.1281 129 11 4 , 1 80, 26 1, 262, 406. 530 • 6 00 • 614, 737. 843, 905, 1168, 1220, . 1306, 1338 261, 1338 546, 1301 882 419. 879. 1229. 1230, 1359 462, 543, 633. 663, 1104, 1362 176, 409 162, 280, 424, 425, 438. 693, 706 741, 842, 984, 1290 693, 842 822, 823 533, 1358 1133 gr, 110, 182. 330, 858, f518. 893, 1006, 1010, 1011. 1019, 1141, 1330, 1341 999, 1261 80, 88, gr, 110, 182, 189, 246. 253, 330, 336, 371. 398, 410. 411, 448, 454, 493, 495, 496, 4W, 521, 522. 588, 621, 731. 737, 795, 858, f518, 893, 918, W9, 1006, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1019, 1063. 1103. 1131. 1141,1149, 1179, 1183. 11W, 1246. 1282,1283.1284,1330,1341 225, 285. 370, 394, 930, WO. 999, 1108.1170,1215.1272.1305,1308 733 63, 734, 1358 128 17 550

Proximate Analysis Pu Public Pressure Puget Sound Pyrophosphate Quaternary Quebec

Radial Radiant. Radiation Radioactive, Radioaktive Radioactive Tracers Radiocarbon Radionuclides Radiowave Probe Rain, Rainfall, Rainwater,

(Nedbor, Niederschlags) Raised Bog(s), (Hogmossarnas),

Raised Peat. Raised Peatlands, Highbog(s), Highmoor. Hochmoor(e)(en)(es), Hochmoortypen

Recharge Reciprocal Averaging Reclaimed, Reclamation Reconstruction. Recreating Recovery, Renascence Recurrence Surfaces. Recurrence

Horizons, Grenzhorizont(es) Recycling Red Lake Peatland(s) Redox Reductase Reduction

n~generation

Reindeer Release Remains Remote Sensing Renewable Reproduce, Reproduction Reptiles Research Priorities Reserve(s)

Reservoirs Residues Resource(s)

942 8 Pi> 1133 1028 838, 1079 653 321, 434, 435, 532,721, 973, 974, 975, 976, 1094 194 187,522,1034 145, 481, 482, 544, 1140 145 321, 453, 904 155 1261 131, 162, 469, 490, 491, 523, 1269, 1279. 1200 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 21, 45, 45, 46, 91, 198, 214, 259, 285, 292, 316, 342,343,351.357,361.362.396. 429, 452, 501, 582, 595,614,676, 697, 712, 728, 730, 731, 778, 790, 798, 799, 815, ffi2, ffi9, 879, 894, 895, 899. 903. 904, 906. 912, 918, 920, 924, 937, 938, 1041, 1044. 1067,1073,1074, 10ffi, 1109. 1135, 1137, 1162, 1248, 1253, 1267, 1269, 1282, 1283, 1308, 1333, 1339, 1354 872 934 21, 330, 473,600 58, 254, 359, 419 103, 116, 359 1,2,317,451,617, ,(){9, 904

1136 446, 447, 508, 509, 527 307,523, 876. 999. 1272 900 27,119,745,951. 123t 1320, 1323 57. 357. 359, 537, 1250. 1255, 1267, 1309, 1311 7CJr, 922 173, ffi4, 944 321, 400, 649 51, 527 1254 691, 738, 829, 1205 643 700 113, 125, 126. 131. 277, 228, 269. 340, 456, 477, 531, 584, 854, 855. 1075. 1196, 1337 418 402 236,665,674,682,779,791.811,

Respiration Response(s)

Resting Stage(s) Reticulee(s) Retranslocation Retrogressive Revegetation Rheotrophic Peat Rhizomes Rhizopod(s), Rhizopoda,

Rhizopoden Rhythm(s) Rice Ridge Ring(s) Ringinglow Bog Road. Roadside(s) Romania, Romanian Root(s), Rooting, (\Ilurzeln)

Root Production Roshultsmyren Rotifers Runoff Rusitunturin Rusland Moss Russian Ryggmossen St. Lav/rence Salts Sampler( s) Sampling Sand, SandbOden, Sandy Sarawal< Saskatchewan Satakunta Scandinavia Scania Schutzzonen Scotland, Scots, Scottish,

Schottland Sea Seasonal, Seasonally

Section(s), Sectioning

Sedge(s) Sediment(s), Sedimentary.

Sedimentation, Sedimente

Seed Seedling Seeklima

1254, 1340 101, 402 52,84,111.463, ffi5, 1020, 1101, 1132 83 ~i§' 962

723 1203 1321 524 268, 516, 547, 548, 550, 1248

264, 729 943 830, 1161 1230, 1351 151 1060,1160,1214,1252 259, 957 26, 101, 144, 145, 146, 147, 282, 524,782, 1084, 1088, 1103, 1191, 1199 1103 883 1312 77, 583, f576, 1029, 1059 380 316. 317 22, 7 1, 6 49, 113 4 334 976 000 623, 1012, 1238, 1249, 1257, 1360 177. 002, 1284, 1328 363, 3f57, 1161 16 604, 605, 606, 1367, 1368 6 319, 695, 1052 846, 847 356 55, 126, 150, 167, 584, 005, 826, 950, 998, 1138, 1156, 11 85 653 24, 96, 114, 17 0, 219, 227, 302, 369, 439, 550, 612, 645, 748, 767, 1132, 1242 253, 379, 398, 464, 756, 758, 812, 8f57 96, W, 189, 713. 720, 754, 1024 177, 230, 250. 255, 256, 488, 518, 688, 002, 944, 9W, 1043, 1112, 1234, 1313, 1360 108 1188 342

Selected, Selection, Selective, Selektive

Senescent Seney Sessile Settlement Sewa~e Shade Shape Sheffield Shoot Shropshire Shrub(s)

Siberia Sierra Nevada Si!!ny Island Silver

Silver Flowe Silver Rod Hethod Simulated, Simulating, Simulation Sink(s) Site Index, Site Quality Skagershultsmos Skye Sloping Snow Sodium, (Na) Soil(s) Soil Fauna, Soil Animals. Soil

Microfauna Soil l-1oisture Soil Organisms Solifluktion Soligenous Solubility, Soluble Solution(s) Sorlandet Sorotion Species

Specific Conductivity , Spectra

Spectrophotometric Sphagna, Sphagnen, Sphaiges,

Sfagnovykh (Sphagnum, see below)

Sphagnetum Soiders Spitzbergen Spodosols Spores Spring

14, 81. 150, 3&, 456, 673, 839, 1155 645 563 1312 4&5 1244 1008 592 151 1009 1116 55,189.215,512,618,725,728, 731, 1005, 1109, 1070, 1071, 1099, 1292 853, 1317 369, 370, 371 47 125, 126, 129, 130. 131, 584, 746, 998 125, 126, 129. 130, 131, 584, 998 746 419,621,706,1183,1336,1348 100, 827. 920 747, 947. 131 9 40 102 380 72, 376 633. 663 130 701,790, 994, 1167, 1292

74, 1223 812 1263 805 571, 750, 851. 1 079 85,1079 163 82 , 1 96. 3 &. 944, 1051 30, 38, 108, 391, 580, 584, 619, 682,691.736, 844, &5.918, 919, 923, 929, 935, 955, 980, 1161, 1183, 1193, 1195, 1285. 1298, 1337 489. 769 508 441 24. 434, 579, 580, 624, 903, 916. 1030, 1041

294 228, 759, &0 375 850 1206 1237

Sr Stable Isotope(s) Standing Crop Stages Starnberger Stechzylinderpr Stem Stem-flow Steppe Stimulating Stomatal Storage Stordalen Stormyr Strata, Stratigraphic, Strati­

graphical. Stratigraphie, Stratigraphy

Stream Streamflow Strength Stressed String, Strange

String Bog(s) String Formation Structural, Structure

Subalpine Sub a rctic, Suba rctiaue

Submerged Subsidence Substrate(s) Succession(s) Sudbury Sudfinnischen Sulfate, Sulphate Sulfide, Sulphides Sulfur, Sulphur

Sulfuric Acid, (Schwefelwassers) Survival Susceptibili ty Sutherland Svartrrran S\</8n Hills Sweden, Schwedischen, Svensk,

Sverige, S\<ledish

Synecologique Taiga Takadayachi Moor Taxonomique, Taxonomy Temperature(s), (Oberflachentemp,

Temperaturregul)

CJ{O 392. 1351 1328 83, 1062 516 1082 725 183 00 687 52 132, 133, 156, 801 92, 1050, 1149, 1151, 1152, 1153 774 57.58,224,266,452.602, 826, 846.856, frf9. 898, gOO. 972. 1138, 1200,1248,1255,1296. 1309. 1311 615 1286, 1288 536 627 404. 415. 563, 569. 670. 1066. 1067. 1237 404,415.563.569,670.1066.1237 1067 16,55. 12g. 232. 284, 301.383. 410, 511, 698, 794, 957. g8g, 1014, 1037. 1069, 1134. 1181 6 89, 690, 7 87 32. 321, 406. 499, 532. 580. 613. 683,705, 1016. 1017, 1035, 1047. 111 4, 11 50, 11 97. 11 98, 1370 14, 971 1363 1190, 1191 561,1127 1262 373 119, 164, 173 14, 441, 1271 163.212,213,391,572,673, 865, 866. 937, 956, 1262. 1279 91 405, 702 755, 875 953 541 1299 40, 333, 501, 618, 655, 767, 768, 769. 846. 847, 848, 86 9 , 883. 111 9. 1120 • 1123. 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1255, 1333 464 219. 1132 1057, 1365 464, 804 162, 190, 199. 220. 402, 417,635. 1027, 1073. 1144

Temperate Zone(s) Terminologie, Terminology Terrain Testacea, Testate Thallus Thatch-Line Thaw, Thawing Thermal, Thermophysical Thermal Regime Thermoanalytical Thermodynamic Thermophilic Thoreau's Bog Throughfall Tidal Till Tillers Timing Tipulidae Tissue(s) Tolerance Topography Trace Element(s), Trace f'1etal(s),

(Schwermetallen) Tracers Transfer Transformation(s) Transition(s) Transmission Transpiration Transport Transuranic Elements Tree(s), Treed

Treeless Tree Hortality Tree Ring(s) Tregaron Moss Trends Tritium, Tritiated Trondelag Trophic Tropical Trout Tundra

Turnover Tussock

Ukrainian Ungava United States

94, 95, 346, 347, 647 518, 591 20 8, 563, 1171, 117 9 , 1 31 4 , 131 5 268, 547, 548, 550 642 1058 1055, 1190, 1237 300, 363, 889, 946, 1350 190,889,1350 996 652 686 567, 568 183 524 742 393 1100 269 31, 256 1113 250 571, 922, 923, 925, 937, 1108, 131 8

145 1301 755, 943 576, 1022 594, 1048 620, 1182 163, 438, 772 538 321, 513, 569, 761, 782, 1087, 1115, 1230, 1351 1246, 1295 1087, 1089 1230,1351 452, 1266 296 8, 488, 668, 1336 526, 542 753, 914 1296 1024 13, 61, 64, 100 , 101, 110 , 112 , 1 84, 217,218,221,222,329,382,393, 400, 402, 407, 408, 500, 521, 555, 618, 619, 708, 733, 789, 811, 844, 913, 1036, 1037, 1049, 1050, 1101, 1102, 1003, 1129, 1130, 1160, 1183, 1195, 1270, 1277, 1330 BO, 163, 1103, 1149, 1213 218,220,733,789,844,1102, 1330 160, 1363 15 274, 490, 515, 540, 704, 1358

Uppsala Uptake

Uraniferous Uronic Acid USSR, (Soviet, SSSR) Utilization

Vaasa Values Vapor Varmehusholdnin Varrassuo Vascular Vegetation, Vegetational

Vegetative Reproduction Vermont Vessiuganiya Steppe Vilppula Virginia Vitality Vlagoemosti Vliyaniem Vodnogo Volo Bog Von Post Wales \,Jastewater Hater(s)

334 30. 6 9 , 217. 460 , 46 1, 620. 7 36 • ffi4, 987, 10% 258 669 22,152,153.154,5%,625,855,970 217. 348. 355. 421, 682, 811. 967. 1047, 1285 845 507.740.872.1019.1253 82 166 1248 612, 1183 40, 59, 75, 102, 122, 166, 171. 224. 232, 292. 297, 300a. 301.330,340. 375, 403, 410, 414, 434, 436, 439, 445, 447, 450, 475, 504, 508, 522, 527, 534, 537, 558, 601, 605. 606. 607, 608, 624, 638. 655, 682. 723, 724. 726, 736. 749, 767. 768, 769. 781. 787. 820, 834. 835. 841, 847. ffi 1, 884 , 894, 8gr, 899, goO, 906.

'912, 913, 934, 958, 961, 975. 1010. 1045, 1057, 1089, 1090, 1091. 1115, 111 9, 1120, 1144, 11 45 , 11 46, 1147, 1148. 1245, 1266, 1278, 12g{', 1299, 1318, 1326, 1331, 1344. 1355, 1365 691 893 80 644 284, 816, 1200, 1341, 1344 1160 502 24 1031 003 264,1107,1174 67, 442. 534. 821, 822 186 27, 52. 53, 54 • 7 5, 7 9 , 82 • 85 , 90, 119. 132, 133. 137, 138, 139, 142, 143, 144. 162, 165, 169, 172. 177, 210, 215, 226, 236, 259, 279, 290, 300, 323. 358, 389, 404, 440, 447, 477, 478, 479, 483, 487. 489, 492, 502,546,556,559,566,578,583, 594, 604, 652, 659, '668. 675, 692. 696, 6gr, 711. 748, 769, 783, 785, 7 ffi, 802, 837, 851, 876, 882, 888, 910,931.946.961,988,995.1012. 1019, 1028, 1045, 1048, 1050, 1059. 1071, 1087, 1089. 1092, 1 OW, 1106, 1120, 1137, 1140, 1143, 1144, 1157, 1189, 1240. 1247. 1259. 1200. 1281, 1287, 1291, 1295. 1349, 1361, 1366

Hater Balance, Water Budget, \'later Economy, Hater Regime, Hydrologic Balance, Hydrologic Budget, Hydrologic Regime, (Wasserbilanz, Hasserregulierung)

46,90,139,323,361,583,712, 995, 1143, 1144, 1295, 1334

\rJater Chemistry, Water Analyses 163, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173. 404, Hater Composition, Water 447,696,697, 931, 946, 1045. 1059, Quality, (Hydrochemical. 1157, 1200 Hydrochemistry, Vannkjemiske)

Water Content, (Wasserhaushalt) Hater-holding Capacity, Hater

Capacity, Water Storage Waterlogged, Waterlogging Water Hovement, (Hasserbewegung,

\-lasserverteilung, Haterflow, Abfluss, Abflussregime)

Hater Management vlater Relations Hater Retention Hatershed(s) Hater Table, \~ater Level(s)

Waubesa Harsh Helsh Hest Virginia Hestern Head Bog Hestmorland Hestsibiriens Wetland Formation Hhixall Moss Hildlife Hind \hnter 1tIisconsin Hood Woodland Wybunbury Hoss Hyoming Yeasts Yield(s) Ylikiiminki Yorkshire Zemnogo Zinc, Zn Zone(s), Zonation,

Zooplankton

Acarina Andromeda poljfolia Bacillus subtilis Call una Calluna vulgaris Carex

Zonen

Chamaedaphne calvculata

397, 546, 559. 675, 903 132, 133, 502, 988, 1240

26, 28, 365, 471, 475. 523, 620, 943 173,341,362,599,890,1140.1157

358 53,54,215,226,659,7'00,1137.1247 910 76,77,627. 891. 12ffi, 1291 27, 79. 137, 138, 144, 165, 290, 556, 559,604,668,748,783, 1045, 1087, 1089, 1287, 1349, 1361, 1366 419 834 300a 297 113, 227, 228, 269, 531. 1337 856 419 1266 274, 791 188, 1304 83, 374, 1146 231,235 1016 200, 659, 836, 1017, 1051 84, 504, 505 1180, 1187 47 1257, 1261, 1280 1095 268, 992 648 197, 320, 735. 924, 933 91. 94, 95, 156, 276, 346, 347. 348. 379, 647, 689, 713, 1298. 1340 962

113, 115 406, 407,730 229 59,472.493,494,1226 88, 495, 496. 728 30, 31, 1285 715, 1094

Clad ina Cladonia Cladonia alpestris Cladonia arbuscula Cladonia mitis Cladonia rangiferica Cladonia stellaris Cladonia uncialis Cognettia spbagnetQrym E.'Dpetrum nigrum Erica cinerea Erica tetralix Eriopborum (Cotton Grass,

Cottongrass) Eriophorurn angustifQlium Eriopborum vagina tum

Escberichia ~ Oylocornium splendens Lzrix laricina Ledum Ledum palustre, Leduro

palustre yare decurnbeos byJ;.QS. pullata !:t;.~Qstele~ alDio\,Js l~~~ androsaceus tiQlirrLa caerulea .M':rica ~ Mvriophyllum Myrtillus NcrtheciuD osslfra~um NQ;)Qhilae~ lireatus NaQDoila~ excl~~tlQnis .Pb;a~mi tes ?icea, Spruce

?icea mariana Pinus contorta, Pinus

banksiana ?irata piraticus ?leurozium schrebeCl ?olytrichum ?olytrichum alpestre ?vrola Rhacomitrium lanugioosum Rkbus cbamaemorus Schoenus nigricans SD2rtina S;:hagnum

32, 705, 706, 707 709 32, 659, 660, 797, 1016 936, 1282 709, 936 660, 709, 1282 706, 707 709 702, 1168 84, 728, 1110 620 620 459, 460, 472, 1102, 1226, 1330

459, 460, 960 220, 393, 461, 462, 463, 471, 733, 844, 1213, 1329 229 206, 1051 1242, 1243 739 925, 1099, 1100

oro 1337 7·) 1 4.) 6, 4"{ 1 1 46, 1 47, 1085, 1 163 155 748 C09. 1163, 1191, 11~2 1538 133d 385 72, 96, 187, 1 a3, 5~ 1, 607, 616, 644, 659, 748, 754, 336, 935, 947, 1017, 1131, 1169, 1319, 1335 32,103,541,911,1016,1131,1169 144, 506

070 409, 738 155, 1195 261, 737 739 1204, 1205, 1207 408, 1054, 1056, 1226 123, 124, 1156, 115 d, 1159 573 17, 23, 24, 37, 38, 51, 69, 85, 96, 104, 125, 128, 155, 178, 196,223, 237. 23 (3, 239, 240, 241, 242, 246, 247, 248, 268, 272, 278, 311. 366, 385,391,413, 439,449,458, 464, ~Ef>, 493, 494,495, 496,498,503, 546, 5~o, 550, 577, 563. 584, 588, 589, 5~. 6i3. 645, 646, 654, 655,662,676,691, :'92, 694,695,720. 729. 750, 754, 779, 551, 000, 870, 903,

Soha~num cuspidaturn Sphagnum fimbria tum Sphagnun fuscl1m Sphagnum jmbricatl1m Sphagnum inundatum Sphagnum magellanicl1m Sphagnum nemoreum Sphagnum papjllosum Sphagnum rjparjum Sphagnum rubellum Tomenthypnum njtens Umbjljcarja muhlenbergjj Vaccjnjllm llligjnosum Vaccjnjurn macrocarpon

917, 918, 921, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 933, 945, 955, 956, 958, 980, 987, 988, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1030, 1042, 1055. 1110, 1113, 1134, 1135, 1137, 1139, 1153, 1160, 1161,1193,1203.1206,1210,1235,1247, 1287, 1297, 1298, 1304, 1341, 1344, 1350 125, 128 1113 4ffi, 645, 729, 927, 930, 1055, 1110 503 272 128, 956, 1134 945 128 1153 247 206 ffi7 103 9