title 24 latest version cec 400 2008 017 cmf rev1

8/6/2019 Title 24 Latest Version CEC 400 2008 017 CMF REV1

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2 0 0 8 B U I LD I N G EN E R GY

E f f I c I E N c Y S t a N D a R D S

C A L I F O R N I AE N E R G YC O M M I S S I O

CoMMI

SSIoNMANUA

L

Arnold Schwarzenegger

Governor

CEC-400-2008-017-CM

December 2008

Revised August 2009

Revised March 2010

NONRESIDENtIaL

cOMPLIaNcE

MaNUaL

1Q-2010


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CALIFoRNIA

ENERGY

CoMMISSIoN

DISCLAIMER

This report was prepared by sta o the Caliornia Energy Commission.

It does not necessarily represent the views o the Energy Commission, its

employees, or the State o Caliornia. The Energy Commission, the State o

Caliornia, its employees, contractors, and subcontractors make no warrant,

express or implied, and assume no legal liability or the inormation in this

report; nor does any party represent that the uses o this inormation will

not inringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approvedor disapproved by the Caliornia Energy Commission nor has the Caliornia

Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy o the inormation

in this report.

Maziar Shirakh, PE

Buildings and Appliance Ofce

Project Manager

G. William Pennington

Ofce Manager

Buildings and Appliance Ofce

Valerie T. Hall

Deputy Director

Efciency and Renewable Energy

Melissa Jones

Executive Director


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Acknowledgments

The Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Standards) were first adopted and put intoeffect in 1978 and have been updated periodically in the intervening years. TheStandards are a unique California asset and have benefitted from the conscientious

involvement and enduring commitment to the public good of many persons andorganizations along the way. The 2008 Standards development and adoption processcontinued that long-standing practice of maintaining the Standards with technical rigor,challenging but achievable design and construction practices, and public engagementand full consideration of the views of stakeholders.

The revisions in the 2008 Standards were conceptualized, evaluated and justifiedthrough the excellent work of Energy Commission staff and consultants working undercontract to the Energy Commission, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, SouthernCalifornia Edison Company, San Diego Gas and Electric Company, and SouthernCalifornia Gas Company. At the Energy Commission, Maziar Shirakh, PE,served as the project manager and senior engineer. Bill Pennington, Manager of the

Buildings and Appliances Office, provided overall guidance to the staff and consultants.Valerie Hall, Deputy Director of the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Division providedpolicy guidance to the Staff. William Staack and Dick Ratliff provided legal counsel tothe staff. Other key technical staff contributors included Nelson Pea, Jeff Miller, PE,Gary Flamm, Bruce Maeda, Payam Bozorgchami, Tav Commins, Rob Hudler, andAlan Marshall. Additional staff input and assistance came from Chris Gekas, Suzie Chan,Martha Brook PE, Smita Gupta, Claudia Orlando, Chris Olvera, Beverly Duffy, and the

Energy Commissions Web Team. Key consultants included Architectural Energy

Corporation, Bruce Wilcox, Taylor Engineering, Proctor Engineering, Benya LightingDesign, Chitwood Energy Management, Davis Energy Group, EnerComp, and E3.The Heschong Mahone Group served as the PG&Es prime consultant.

The Energy Commission dedicates the adopt ion of

the 2008 Building Energy Eff iciency Standards toJon Leber, PE, (November 13, 19 47 - February 14, 2008)

for his 30 years of dedicat ion to excel lence in the development an d

implementat ion of the most energy eff ic ient bui lding standards

in the country and a model for others to fol low.

He was the quintessential public servant.


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Abstract

This manual is designed to help building owners, architects, engineers, designers, energy

consultants, builders, enforcement agencies, contractors and installers, and manufacturers

comply with and enforce the 2008 Title 24 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards

(Standards) for low-rise residential buildings. Written as both a reference and an instructionalguide, this manual can be helpful for anyone that is directly or indirectly involved in the design

and construction of energy efficient nonresidential buildings. This manual is intended to

supplement several other documents that are available from the California Energy Commission(Energy Commission). These are the: (1) 2008 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards,

which were adopted April 23, 2008 and become effective January 1, 2010; (2) ReferenceAppendices for the Standards; and (3) Residential Alternative Calculation Method Manual. This

manual provides a summary of the principle changes in the 2008 Standards relative to the 2005

Standards. The technical chapters cover building envelope, mechanical / heating ventilation andair conditioning (HVAC) systems, water heating (including swimming pool system

requirements), interior and for outdoor lighting permanently attached to the building. Mandatory

measures, prescriptive requirements and compliance options are described within each technicalarea, subsystem or component. Other subjects that are covered include the compliance and

enforcement process, including design and preparation of compliance documentation through

field verification and diagnostic testing; computer performance approach; additions, alterations

and repairs; New Solar Home Partnership (NSHP) requirements; and HERS (Home EnergyRating System) raters.

Keywords: title 24, energy, energy efficiency, low-rise residential buildings, building envelope,

domestic water heating, HVAC, indoor outdoor lighting, performance approach, prescriptiveapproach, mandatory requirements, residential compliance manual, HERS rating, diagnostic testing,solar, residential cool roofs, residential additions alterations repairs, climate zones


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Table of Contents Page i

1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1-11.1 Organization and Content ............................................................................................. 1-11.2 Related Documents ...................................................................................................... 1-21.3 The Technical Chapters ................................................................................................ 1-21.4 Why California Needs Energy Standards ..................................................................... 1-21.5 Whats New for 2008 .................................................................................................... 1-41.6 Mandatory Measures and Compliance Approaches ..................................................... 1-6

1.6.1 Mandatory Measures ............................................................................................. 1-61.6.2 Prescriptive Approach ........................................................................................... 1-71.6.3 Performance Approach .......................................................................................... 1-7

1.7 Scope and Application .................................................................................................. 1-8Building Types Covered ....................................................................................................... 1-81.7.4 Scope of Improvements Covered ........................................................................ 1-101.7.5 Speculative Buildings .......................................................................................... 1-101.7.6 Mixed Use Buildings ............................................................................................ 1-121.7.7 High-rise Residential ........................................................................................... 1-131.7.8 Hotels and Motels ................................................................................................ 1-141.7.9 Live-Work Spaces ............................................................................................... 1-161.7.10 Unconditioned Space .......................................................................................... 1-161.7.11 Newly Conditioned Space ................................................................................... 1-171.7.12 New Construction in Existing Buildings ............................................................... 1-181.7.13 Alterations to Existing Conditioned Spaces ......................................................... 1-181.7.14 Additions .............................................................................................................. 1-211.7.15 Changes of Occupancy ....................................................................................... 1-221.7.16 Repairs ................................................................................................................ 1-231.7.17 Scope Concepts and Definitions ......................................................................... 1-23

1.8 About the Standards ................................................................................................... 1-28California Climate Zones .................................................................................................... 1-29

2. Compliance and Enforcement .............................................................................................. 2-12.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 2-12.2 The Compliance and Enforcement Process ................................................................. 2-2

2.2.1 Design Phase Certificate of Compliance ............................................................ 2-32.2.2 Permit Application Certificate of Compliance ..................................................... 2-42.2.3 Plan Check ............................................................................................................ 2-62.2.4 Building Permit ...................................................................................................... 2-7

2008 Residential Compliance Manual August 2009


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Page ii IntroductionTable of Contents

2.2.5 Construction Phase Installation Certificate ......................................................... 2-72.2.6 Acceptance Testing Certificate of Acceptance ................................................... 2-92.2.7 HERS Verification Certificate of Field Verification and Diagnostic Testing ...... 2-132.2.8 Final Inspection by the Enforcement Agency and Issuance of the Certificate ofOccupancy ......................................................................................................................... 2-152.2.9 Occupancy Permit ............................................................................................... 2-152.2.10 Occupancy Compliance, Operating, and Maintenance Information ................. 2-15

2.3 Compliance Documentation ........................................................................................ 2-152.3.1 Construction Documents ..................................................................................... 2-162.3.2 Signing Responsibilities ....................................................................................... 2-16

2.4 Roles and Responsibilities .......................................................................................... 2-192.4.3 Permit Applicant Responsibilities ........................................................................ 2-202.4.4 Plans Examiner Responsibilities ......................................................................... 2-202.4.5 Field Inspector Responsibilities ........................................................................... 2-20

3. Building Envelope ................................................................................................................ 3-13.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 Prescriptive Component Envelope Approach ........................................................ 3-23.1.2 Prescriptive Overall Envelope TDV Energy Approach .......................................... 3-23.1.3 Performance Approach .......................................................................................... 3-33.1.4 Whats New in the 2008 Standards ....................................................................... 3-3

3.2 Fenestration .................................................................................................................. 3-43.2.1 Mandatory Measures ............................................................................................. 3-4Certification and Labeling .................................................................................................... 3-4Manufactured (Factory-Assembled) Fenestration Label Certificates ................................... 3-5Default Temporary Label ..................................................................................................... 3-5Site-Built Label Certificates .................................................................................................. 3-6NFRCs New Component Modeling Approach (CMA) Product Certification Program and theEnergy Standards ................................................................................................................ 3-7Compliance for Specifiers................................................................................................. 3-8Field-Fabricated Fenestration .............................................................................................. 3-83.2.2 Window Prescriptive Requirements ..................................................................... 3-10Window U-factor ................................................................................................................ 3-11Window Relative Solar Heat Gain ...................................................................................... 3-123.2.3 Skylight Prescriptive Envelope Requirements ..................................................... 3-13Skylight Area ...................................................................................................................... 3-13Skylight U-factor................................................................................................................. 3-14


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Skylight SHGC ................................................................................................................... 3-153.2.4 Daylighting Prescriptive Requirements for Skylights in Large Enclosed Spaces 3-153.2.5 Minimum Skylight Area for Large Enclosed Spaces ............................................ 3-16A. Daylit Area ..................................................................................................................... 3-16B. Minimum Skylight Area or Effective Aperture ................................................................ 3-16C. Skylight Characteristics ................................................................................................. 3-17D. Controls ......................................................................................................................... 3-17E. Exceptions ..................................................................................................................... 3-17Designing with Skylights to Meet 143(c) Requirements ................................................... 3-18Substituting Skylights with Windows to Meet 143(c) Requirements ................................ 3-203.2.6 Determining Fenestration U-factors ..................................................................... 3-23Field-Fabricated Fenestration Product or Exterior Door .................................................... 3-253.2.7 Determining Relative Solar Heat Gain ................................................................. 3-263.2.8 Determining Solar Heat Gain Coefficients ........................................................... 3-283.2.9 Determining Visible Transmittance (VT) .............................................................. 3-303.2.10 Site-Built Fenestration Roles and Responsibilities .............................................. 3-31

3.3 Opaque Envelope Insulation ....................................................................................... 3-333.3.1 Mandatory Measures ........................................................................................... 3-34Certification of Insulation Materials .................................................................................... 3-34Urea Formaldehyde Foam Insulation ................................................................................. 3-34Flamespread Rating ........................................................................................................... 3-343.3.2

Prescriptive Insulation Requirements .................................................................. 3-36

Exterior Roofs and Ceilings ............................................................................................... 3-37Exterior Walls ..................................................................................................................... 3-39Continuous Insulation ........................................................................................................ 3-42Demising Walls .................................................................................................................. 3-44Exterior Floors and Soffits .................................................................................................. 3-45Exterior Doors .................................................................................................................... 3-47Additions and Alterations ................................................................................................... 3-47Roofing Alterations............................................................................................................. 3-48

3.4 Roofing Products (Cool Roofs) ................................................................................... 3-483.4.1 Mandatory Measures ........................................................................................... 3-49Rating and Labeling ........................................................................................................... 3-49Solar Reflectance, Thermal Emittance, and Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) ...................... 3-49Performance Requirements for Field Applied Liquid Coatings .......................................... 3-50



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Aluminum-Pigmented Asphalt Roof Coatings .................................................................... 3-50Cement-Based Roof Coatings ........................................................................................... 3-51Other Field-Applied Liquid Coatings .................................................................................. 3-523.4.2 Roofing Products Prescriptive Requirements ...................................................... 3-52

3.5 Infiltration and Air Leakage ......................................................................................... 3-583.6 Relocatable Public School Buildings .......................................................................... 3-58

Performance Approach ...................................................................................................... 3-583.7 Overall Envelope TDV Energy Approach ................................................................... 3-59

3.7.1 Overall Envelope TDV Energy Approach Overview ............................................ 3-603.7.2 TDV Energy of the Standard Building Calculation Details ................................ 3-64 Step 1 Set Opaque Areas to Match Proposed Design .................................................... 3-65Step 2 Adjust Fenestration Areas if Necessary .............................................................. 3-65Step 3 Use Prescriptive Envelope Criteria from the Standards ...................................... 3-67Step 4 Look Up Weighting Coefficients .......................................................................... 3-683.7.3 TDV Energy of the Proposed Building Calculation Details ............................... 3-69Step 6 Calculate Overall Envelope TDV energy ............................................................. 3-723.7.4 Roof Alterations ................................................................................................... 3-75

3.8 Performance Approach ............................................................................................... 3-773.8.1 Opaque Surface Mass Characteristics ................................................................ 3-773.8.2 Opaque Surface .................................................................................................. 3-783.8.3 Fenestration Heat Transfer .................................................................................. 3-783.8.4

Overhangs and Vertical Shading Fins ................................................................. 3-79

3.8.5 Interzone Surfaces .............................................................................................. 3-793.8.6 Slab-on-Grade Floors and Basement Floors ....................................................... 3-793.8.7 Historic Buildings ................................................................................................. 3-80

3.9 Additions and Alterations ............................................................................................ 3-803.9.1 Mandatory Measures for Additions and Alterations ............................................. 3-813.9.2 Additions Prescriptive Requirements ................................................................ 3-813.9.3 Alterations Prescriptive Requirements ............................................................. 3-81Replacement Roof Solar Reflectance and Thermal Emittance (Cool Roofs) .................... 3-83

3.10 Compliance Documentation ........................................................................................ 3-95Field Inspection Energy Checklist ...................................................................................... 3-953.10.1 ENV-1C: Certificate of Compliance and Field Inspection Energy Checklist ........ 3-96 ENV-1C Page 1 of 4 .......................................................................................................... 3-96ENV-1C Page 2 of 4 .......................................................................................................... 3-98


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3.10.2 ENV-2C: Envelope Component Approach ........................................................ 3-105ENV-2C Page 1 of 4 ........................................................................................................ 3-105ENV-2C Page 2of 4 ......................................................................................................... 3-107ENV-2C Page 3of 4 ......................................................................................................... 3-109ENV-2C Page 4of 4 ......................................................................................................... 3-111Relocatable Public Schools Buildings .............................................................................. 3-1123.10.3 ENV-3C: Overall Envelope TDV Energy Approach ........................................... 3-113ENV-3C Page 1 of 6 ........................................................................................................ 3-113ENV-3C Page 2 of 6 Skylight Area Calculation ............................................................... 3-114ENV-3C Page 3 of 6 OVERALL ENVELOPE TDV ENERGY APPROACH ..................... 3-115ENV-3C Page 4 of 6 TDV for the Proposed Design Building ........................................... 3-117ENV-3C Page 5 of 6 Multipliers ....................................................................................... 3-118ENV-3C Page 6 of 6 Window Area Adjustment Calculations .......................................... 3-1203.10.4 ENV-4C Minimum Skylight Area for Large Enclosed Spaces Worksheets ....... 3-121ENV-4C Minimum Skylight Area Worksheet (Page 1 of 3) .............................................. 3-121ENV-4C Page 2 of 3 ........................................................................................................ 3-122ENV-4C Page 3 of 3 ........................................................................................................ 3-123

4. Mechanical Systems ............................................................................................................ 4-14.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.1.1 HVAC Energy Use ................................................................................................. 4-24.1.2 Mandatory Measures ............................................................................................. 4-24.1.3

Prescriptive and Performance Compliance Approaches ....................................... 4-3

4.2 Equipment Requirements ............................................................................................. 4-4

4.2.1 Equipment Certification ......................................................................................... 4-54.2.2 Furnace Standby Loss Controls ............................................................................ 4-64.2.3 Pilot Lights ............................................................................................................. 4-6

4.3 Ventilation Requirements .............................................................................................. 4-94.3.1 Natural Ventilation ............................................................................................... 4-104.3.2 Mechanical Ventilation ......................................................................................... 4-104.3.3 Direct Air Transfer ............................................................................................... 4-174.3.4 Distribution of Outdoor Air to Zonal Units ............................................................ 4-184.3.5 Ventilation System Operation and Controls ......................................................... 4-194.3.6 Pre-Occupancy Purge ......................................................................................... 4-254.3.7 Demand Controlled Ventilation ............................................................................ 4-274.3.8 Fan Cycling.......................................................................................................... 4-32



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4.3.9 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Changeover Systems ............................................... 4-324.3.10 Adjustment of Ventilation Rate ............................................................................ 4-334.3.11 Miscellaneous Dampers ...................................................................................... 4-334.3.12 Acceptance Requirements .................................................................................. 4-33

4.4 Pipe and Duct Distribution Systems ........................................................................... 4-354.4.1 Mandatory Measures ........................................................................................... 4-354.4.2 Prescriptive Requirements .................................................................................. 4-424.4.3 Acceptance Requirements .................................................................................. 4-44

4.5 HVAC System Control Requirements ......................................................................... 4-454.5.1 Mandatory Measures ........................................................................................... 4-454.5.2 Prescriptive Requirements .................................................................................. 4-574.5.3 Acceptance Requirements .................................................................................. 4-72

4.6 HVAC System Requirements ..................................................................................... 4-724.6.4 Sizing and Equipment Selection .......................................................................... 4-734.6.5 Load Calculations ................................................................................................ 4-734.6.6 Fan Power Consumption ..................................................................................... 4-764.6.7 ECM Motors for Series Style VAV Boxes ............................................................ 4-824.6.8 Electric-Resistance Heating ................................................................................ 4-824.6.9 Cooling Tower Flow Turndown ............................................................................ 4-834.6.10 Centrifugal Fan Limitation .................................................................................... 4-844.6.11 Air Cooled Chillers ............................................................................................... 4-84

4.7

Service Water Heating ................................................................................................ 4-85

4.7.1 Service Water Systems ....................................................................................... 4-854.7.2 Pool and Spa Heating Systems ........................................................................... 4-874.7.3 Service Water Heating Other Than High-rise Residential ................................... 4-90

4.8 Performance Approach ............................................................................................... 4-904.8.1 Compliance with a Computer Method ................................................................. 4-904.8.2 Modeling Mechanical System Components ........................................................ 4-91

4.9 Additions and Alterations ............................................................................................ 4-934.9.1 Overview .............................................................................................................. 4-934.9.2 Mandatory Measures Additions and Alterations ............................................... 4-934.9.3 Requirements for Additions ................................................................................. 4-954.9.4 Requirements for Alterations ............................................................................... 4-96

4.10 Glossary/Reference .................................................................................................. 4-1024.10.1 Definitions of Efficiency ..................................................................................... 4-102


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4.10.2 Definitions of Spaces and Systems ................................................................... 4-1034.10.3 Types of Air ....................................................................................................... 4-1044.10.4 Air Delivery Systems ......................................................................................... 4-1054.10.5 Return Plenums ................................................................................................. 4-1054.10.6 Zone Reheat, Recool and Air Mixing ................................................................. 4-1064.10.7 Economizers ...................................................................................................... 4-1064.10.8 Unusual Sources of Contaminants .................................................................... 4-1114.10.9 Demand Controlled Ventilation .......................................................................... 4-1114.10.10 Intermittently Occupied Spaces ..................................................................... 4-112

4.11 Mechanical Plan Check Documents ......................................................................... 4-1124.11.1 MECH-1C: Certificate of Compliance ................................................................ 4-1144.11.2 MECH-2C Overview .......................................................................................... 4-1204.11.3 MECH-2C (Page 1 of 3) Air System Requirements ........................................... 4-121 4.11.4 MECH-2C (Page 2 of 3) Water Side System Requirements ............................. 4-1244.11.5 MECH-2C (Page 3 of 3) Service Hot Water & Pool Requirements ................... 4-1254.11.6 MECH-3C: Mechanical Ventilation and Reheat ................................................. 4-1264.11.7 MECH-4C: Fan Power Consumption ................................................................. 4-1284.11.8 Mechanical Inspection ....................................................................................... 4-1304.11.9 Acceptance Requirements ................................................................................ 4-130

5. Indoor Lighting ..................................................................................................................... 5-15.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 5-2

5.1.1

Mandatory measures........................................................................................... 5-2

5.1.2 Allowed lighting power ....................................................................................... 5-25.1.3 Actual lighting power (adjusted) ........................................................................ 5-35.1.4 Lighting Trade-offs ................................................................................................. 5-35.1.5 Forms, Plan Check, Inspection and Acceptance Tests ......................................... 5-5

5.2 Lighting Design Procedures .......................................................................................... 5-65.2.1 Mandatory Measures ............................................................................................. 5-65.2.2 Lighting Power Allowances .................................................................................. 5-485.2.3 Miscellaneous Applications ................................................................................. 5-49

5.3 Prescriptive Approach ................................................................................................. 5-515.3.1 Complete Building Method .................................................................................. 5-515.3.2 Area Category Method ........................................................................................ 5-535.3.3 Tailored Method ................................................................................................... 5-60

5.4 Performance Approach ............................................................................................... 5-74



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5.5 Calculating the Lighting Power ................................................................................... 5-755.5.1 Exempt Lighting ................................................................................................... 5-755.5.2 Actual Lighting Power Calculation ....................................................................... 5-775.5.3 Determining Luminaire Wattage .......................................................................... 5-795.5.4 Reduction of Wattage Through Controls ............................................................. 5-86

5.6 Additions and Alterations ............................................................................................ 5-985.6.1 Mandatory Measures Additions and Alterations ............................................... 5-985.6.2 Prescriptive Measures Additions ...................................................................... 5-995.6.3 Prescriptive Measures Alterations .................................................................... 5-99

5.7 Compliance and Enforcement .................................................................................. 5-1055.7.1 Indoor Lighting Compliance Documents ............................................................ 5-1055.7.2 Installation Certificate ........................................................................................ 5-1255.7.3 Certificate of Acceptance ................................................................................... 5-126

6. Outdoor Lighting .................................................................................................................. 6-16.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.1.1 History and Background ........................................................................................ 6-26.1.2 Scope and Application ........................................................................................... 6-36.1.3 Summary of Requirements .................................................................................... 6-5

6.2 Mandatory Measures .................................................................................................... 6-86.2.1 Certification ............................................................................................................ 6-96.2.2 Minimum Lamp Efficacy ...................................................................................... 6-106.2.3

Cut-Off Luminaires .............................................................................................. 6-11

6.2.4 Automatic Shutoff Controls .................................................................................. 6-166.2.5 Multi-Level Switching ........................................................................................... 6-17

6.3 Lighting Zones and Outdoor Lighting Ordinances ...................................................... 6-196.3.1 Overview .............................................................................................................. 6-196.3.2 Outdoor Lighting Zones ....................................................................................... 6-196.3.3 Lighting Zone Adjustments by Local Jurisdictions ............................................... 6-206.3.4 Amending Outdoor Ordinances by Local Jurisdictions ........................................ 6-24

6.4 Outdoor Lighting Power Compliance .......................................................................... 6-246.4.1 Maximum Outdoor Lighting Power ...................................................................... 6-256.4.2 Illuminated Area ................................................................................................... 6-25

6.5 General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance .......................................................... 6-266.5.1 General Hardscape Power Trade-Offs ................................................................ 6-266.5.2 Area Wattage Allowances (AWA) ........................................................................ 6-27


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6.5.3 Linear Wattage Allowances (LWA) ...................................................................... 6-276.5.4 Initial Wattage Allowances (IWA) ........................................................................ 6-27

6.6 Additional Light Power Allowance by Applications ..................................................... 6-306.6.1 Specific Allowances Power Trade-Offs Not Allowed ........................................... 6-316.6.2 Wattage Allowance per Application (watts) ......................................................... 6-316.6.3 Wattage Allowance per Unit Length (w/linear ft) ................................................. 6-316.6.4 Wattage Allowance per Hardscape Area (W/ ft) ................................................. 6-316.6.5 Wattage Allowance per Specific Area (W/ ft) ..................................................... 6-326.6.6 Further Discussion about Additional Lighting Power Allowance for SpecificApplications........................................................................................................................ 6-33

6.7 Lighting Power Allowance for Ordinance Requirements ............................................ 6-456.7.1 Local Lighting Ordinance Allowances Power Trade-Offs .................................... 6-456.7.2 Additional Lighting Power .................................................................................... 6-45

6.8 Alterations and Additions for Outdoor Lighting ........................................................... 6-486.8.1 Outdoor Lighting Additions Mandatory and Lighting Power Density Requirements

6-496.8.2 Outdoor Lighting Alterations ................................................................................ 6-506.8.3 Outdoor Lighting Alterations Mandatory Requirements .................................... 6-506.8.4 Outdoor Lighting Alterations Lighting Power Allowance Requirements ........... 6-506.8.5 Outdoor Lighting Alterations Adding Outdoor Lighting to Existing Sites ........... 6-52

6.9 Compliance and Enforcement .................................................................................... 6-556.9.1 Outdoor Lighting Plan Check Documents ........................................................... 6-556.9.2 OLTG-1C: Certificate of Compliance ................................................................... 6-556.9.3 OLTG-2C ............................................................................................................. 6-606.9.4 Installation Certificate OTLG-INST ...................................................................... 6-646.9.5 Certificate of Acceptance ..................................................................................... 6-65

7. Sign Lighting ........................................................................................................................ 7-17.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 7-1

7.1.1 History and Background ........................................................................................ 7-17.1.2 Scope and Application ........................................................................................... 7-17.1.3 Summary of Requirements .................................................................................... 7-2

7.2 Mandatory Measures .................................................................................................... 7-37.2.1 Certification of Lighting Controls ............................................................................ 7-47.2.2 Sign Lighting Installed Wattage ............................................................................. 7-47.2.3 Automatic Lighting Controls ................................................................................... 7-57.2.4 Dimming Controls .................................................................................................. 7-5



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7.2.5 Demand Responsive Electronic Message Center Controls ................................... 7-57.3 Sign Lighting Energy Requirements ............................................................................. 7-7

7.3.1 Watts Per Square Foot Approach .......................................................................... 7-87.3.2 Specific Technology Approach ............................................................................ 7-107.3.3 Additions and Alterations ..................................................................................... 7-137.3.4 Sign Alterations ................................................................................................... 7-14

7.4 Sign Lighting Plan Check Documents ........................................................................ 7-157.4.1 SLTG-C: Certificate of Compliance (Sign Lighting) ............................................. 7-16

7.5 Lighting Inspection ...................................................................................................... 7-208. Refrigerated Warehouses .................................................................................................... 8-1

8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 8-18.1.1 Organization and Content ...................................................................................... 8-18.1.2 Mandatory Measures and Compliance Approaches .............................................. 8-18.1.3 Scope and Application ........................................................................................... 8-1

8.2 Building Envelope ......................................................................................................... 8-38.2.1 Opaque Envelope Insulation ................................................................................. 8-38.2.2 Underfloor Heating ................................................................................................ 8-4

8.3 Mechanical Systems ..................................................................................................... 8-58.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................ 8-58.3.2 Evaporators ........................................................................................................... 8-88.3.3 Condensers ......................................................................................................... 8-138.3.4

Compressors ....................................................................................................... 8-18

8.4 Additions and Alterations ............................................................................................ 8-218.5 Compliance Documentation ........................................................................................ 8-23

Field Inspection Energy Checklist ...................................................................................... 8-23RWH-1C Refrigerated Warehouses (Page 1 of 3) ............................................................. 8-23RWH-1C (Page 2 of 3) Envelope Requirements ............................................................... 8-26RWH-1C (Page 3 of 3) Refrigeration System Requirements ............................................. 8-26

9. Performance Approach ........................................................................................................ 9-19.1 Performance Concepts ................................................................................................. 9-1

9.1.1 Minimum Capabilities ............................................................................................ 9-29.1.2 California Energy Commission Approval ............................................................... 9-29.1.3 Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) ......................................................................... 9-2

9.2 Analysis Procedure ....................................................................................................... 9-59.2.1 General Procedure ................................................................................................ 9-5


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9.2.2 Basic Data Entry .................................................................................................... 9-69.2.3 Calculating TDV Energy ........................................................................................ 9-7

9.3 Application Scenarios ................................................................................................... 9-89.3.1 Whole Building Compliance ................................................................................... 9-89.3.2 Compliance by Permit Stage ................................................................................. 9-99.3.3 Additions Performance Compliance .................................................................... 9-109.3.4 Alterations Performance Compliance .................................................................. 9-129.3.5 Alternate Performance Compliance Approach .................................................... 9-15

9.4 Enforcement and Compliance .................................................................................... 9-159.4.1 Approaches ......................................................................................................... 9-179.4.2 Compliance Forms .............................................................................................. 9-189.4.3 Performance Inspection ....................................................................................... 9-19

10. Acceptance Requirements ............................................................................................. 10-110.2 Overview ..................................................................................................................... 10-1

10.2.2 Roles and Responsibilities .................................................................................. 10-310.2.3 When Are Acceptance Tests Required? ............................................................. 10-410.2.4 Why Test for Acceptance? .................................................................................. 10-7

10.3 Acceptance Testing Process ...................................................................................... 10-810.3.1 Plan Review ......................................................................................................... 10-810.3.2 Construction Inspection ....................................................................................... 10-910.3.3 Functional Testing ............................................................................................... 10-910.3.4

Certificate of Occupancy ................................................................................... 10-10

10.4 Forms ........................................................................................................................ 10-1010.5 Envelope & Mechanical Acceptance Testing Overview ............................................ 10-12

10.5.1 Administrative Regulations ................................................................................ 10-1210.5.2 Field Process ..................................................................................................... 10-1210.5.3 Envelope and Mechanical Acceptance Test Issues .......................................... 10-1310.5.4 Sensor Calibration ............................................................................................. 10-1610.5.5 Air and Water Measurements ............................................................................ 10-1710.5.6 Factory Air Economizer Certification Procedure ................................................ 10-17

10.6 Lighting Acceptance Testing Overview ..................................................................... 10-1810.6.1 Administrative Regulations ................................................................................ 10-1810.6.2 Constructability Plan Review ............................................................................. 10-1810.6.3 Field Process ..................................................................................................... 10-1910.6.4 Lighting Acceptance Test Issues ....................................................................... 10-19



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10.7 Test Procedures for Envelope & Mechanical Systems ............................................. 10-2010.7.5 NA7.5.1.1 Ventilation Systems: Variable Air and Constant Volume Systems ... 10-2210.7.6 Test Procedure: NA7.5.1.1 Ventilation Systems: Variable Air Volume Systems, UseMECH-2A ......................................................................................................................... 10-2310.7.7 NA7.5.1.2 Constant Volume Systems Outdoor Air Acceptance ........................ 10-2610.7.8 Test Procedure: NA7.5.1.2 Constant Volume Systems Outdoor Air Acceptance,Use Form MECH-2A ........................................................................................................ 10-2810.7.9 NA7.5.2 Constant Volume, Single-zone, Unitary Air Conditioner and Heat PumpsSystems Acceptance ....................................................................................................... 10-2910.7.10 Test Procedure: NA7.5.2 Constant Volume, Single-zone, Unitary Air Conditionerand Heat Pumps Systems Acceptance, Use Form MECH-3A ......................................... 10-3110.7.11 NA7.5.3 Air Distribution Systems Acceptance ............................................... 10-3510.7.12 Test Procedure: NA7.5.3 Air Distribution Systems Acceptance, Use FormMECH-4A 10-3710.7.13 NA7.5.4 Air Economizer Controls Acceptance .............................................. 10-4410.7.14 Test Procedure: NA7.5.4 Air Economizer Acceptance, Use Form MECH-5A .. 10-4610.7.15 NA7.5.5 Demand-controlled Ventilation Systems Acceptance ...................... 10-5310.7.16 Test Procedure: NA7.5.5 Demand Controlled Ventilation Systems Acceptance,Use Form MECH-6A ........................................................................................................ 10-5510.7.17 NA7.5.6 Supply Fan Variable Flow Controls Acceptance .............................. 10-5810.7.18 Test Procedure: NA7.5.6 Supply Fan Variable Flow Controls Acceptance, UseForm MECH-7A ............................................................................................................... 10-5910.7.19 NA7.5.7 Valve Leakage Acceptance ............................................................. 10-6110.7.20 Test Procedure: NA7.5.9 Valve Leakage Test, Use Form MECH-8A) .......... 10-6210.7.21 NA7.5.8 Supply Water Temperature Reset Controls Acceptance ................. 10-6410.7.22 Test Procedure: NA7.5.8 Supply Water Temperature Reset ControlsAcceptance, Use Form MECH-9A ................................................................................... 10-6510.7.23 NA7.5.9 Hydronic System Variable Flow Control Acceptance ....................... 10-6810.7.24 Test Procedure: NA7.5.9 Hydronic System Variable Flow Control Acceptance ,Use Form MECH-10A ...................................................................................................... 10-6910.7.25 NA7.5.10 Automatic Demand Shed Control Acceptance ............................... 10-7110.7.26 Test Procedure: NA7.5.10 Automatic Demand Shed Control Acceptance .... 10-7110.7.27 NA7.5.11 Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD) for Packaged Direct-Expansion(DX) Units Control Acceptance ........................................................................................ 10-72Functional Testing............................................................................................................ 10-7510.7.28 NA7.5.12 FDD for Air Handling Units and Zone Terminal Units Acceptance 10-7810.7.29 NA7.5.13 Distributed Energy Storage DX AC System Acceptance ............... 10-8210.7.30 NA7.5.14 Thermal Energy Storage (TES) System Acceptance ..................... 10-85


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10.8 Test Procedures for Indoor & Outdoor Lighting ........................................................ 10-8810.8.1 NA7.6.1 Automatic Daylighting Control Acceptance ......................................... 10-8910.8.2 Test Procedures: NA7.6.1 Automatic Daylighting Control Acceptance, Use FormLTG-3A 10-9410.8.3 NA7.6.2 Occupancy Sensor Acceptance ........................................................ 10-11210.8.4 Test Procedure: NA7.6.2 Occupancy Sensor Acceptance, Use form LTG-2A 10-11310.8.5 NA7.6.3 Manual Daylighting Control Acceptance ............................................ 10-11610.8.6 Test Procedures: NA7.6.3 Manual Daylighting Control Acceptance, Use form LTG-2A 10-11710.8.7 NA7.6.4 Automatic Time Switch Control Acceptance ...................................... 10-11810.8.8 (NA7.7) Outdoor Lighting Shut-off Controls ..................................................... 10-122

10.9 Envelope & Mechanical Acceptance Forms ........................................................... 10-125Envelope ........................................................................................................................ 10-126Mechanical ..................................................................................................................... 10-127

10.10 Lighting Forms for Acceptance Requirements .................................................... 10-14310.11 Outdoor Lighting Forms for Acceptance Requirements ...................................... 10-145


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Introduction Organization and Content Page 1-1

1. Introduction

1.1 Organization and Content

This manual is designed to help building owners, architects, engineers, designers;energy consultants, builders, enforcement agencies, contractors and installers,and manufacturers comply with and enforce California Building Energy EfficiencyStandards for nonresidential buildings. The manual is written as both a referenceand an instructional guide and can be helpful for anyone that is directly orindirectly involved in the design and construction of energy efficient nonresidentialbuildings.

Ten chapters make up the manual:

(Chapter 1) This chapter introduces the Standards and discussesthe application and scope.

Chapter 2 reviews the compliance and enforcement process,including design and the preparation of compliance documentationthrough acceptance testing.

Chapter 3 addresses the requirements for the design of thebuilding envelope.

Chapter 4 covers the requirements for HVAC systems and waterheating systems.

Chapter 5 addresses the requirements for indoor lighting.

Chapter 6 addresses the requirements for outdoor lighting.

Chapter 7 addresses the requirements for sign lighting (for bothindoor and outdoor applications).

Chapter 8 addresses the requirements for refrigeratedwarehouses.

Chapter 9 covers the whole building performance approach.

Chapter 10 addresses the acceptance requirements.

Cross-references within the manual use the word Section while references tosections in the Standards are represented by .

This chapter is organized as follows:

1.1 Organization and Content

1.2 Related Documents

1.3 The Technical Chapters

1.4 Why California Needs Energy Standards

1.5 Whats New for 2008

1.6 Mandatory Measures and Compliance Approaches

2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual August 2009


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Page 1-2 Introduction Related Documents

1.7 Scope and Application

1.8 About the Standards

1.2 Related Documents

This manual is intended to supplement several other documents that are availablefrom the California Energy Commission (Energy Commission). These are:

1. The Standards. This manual supplements and explains California BuildingEnergy Efficiency Standards; it does not replace them. Readers shouldhave a copy of the Standards to refer to while reading this manual.

2. The Reference Appendices:

3. Reference Joint Appendices contain information that is common to bothresidential and nonresidential buildings.

4. Reference Residential Appendices contain information that is forresidential buildings only.

5. Reference Nonresidential Appendices contain information that is fornonresidential buildings only. The Nonresidential ACM Manual. TheNonresidential ACM Manual is primarily a specification for ComplianceSoftware that is used for compliance purposes.

Note: High-rise residential and hotel/motel occupancies For these occupancieslocation and design data, opaque assembly properties are located in theReference Joint Appendices; while mechanical and lighting information is locatedin the Reference Nonresidential Appendices. Water heating information is locatedin the Reference Residential Appendices.

Material from these other documents is not always repeated in this manual.However, if you are using the electronic version of the manual, there are often

hyperlinks in this manual that will take you directly to the document that isreferenced.

1.3 The Technical Chapters

Each of the six technical chapters (3 through 8) begins with an overview, which isfollowed by a presentation of each subsystem. For the building envelope,subsections include fenestration, insulation, infiltration, etc. For HVAC, thesubsections include heating equipment, cooling equipment, and ducts. Mandatorymeasures and prescriptive requirements are described within each subsection orcomponent. These determine the stringency of the Standards and are the basis ofthe energy budget when the performance method is used.

1.4 Why California Needs Energy Standards

Energy efficiency reduces energy costs for owners, increases reliability andavailability of electricity for the State, improves building occupant comfort, andreduces environmental impact.



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Introduction Why California Needs Energy Standards Page 1-3

Energy Savings

Reducing energy use is a benefit to all. Building owners save money, Californianshave a more secure and healthy economy, the environment is less negativelyimpacted, and our electrical grid can operate in a more stable state. The 2008Standards (for residential and nonresidential buildings) are expected to reducethe growth in electricity use by 561 gigawatt-hours per year (GWh/y) and reducethe growth in gas use by 19.0 million therms per year (therms/y). The savingsattributable to new nonresidential buildings are 459 GWh/y of electricity savingsand 11.5 million therms. Savings from the application of the Standards on buildingalterations accounts for 270 GWh/y and 8.2 million therms. These savings arecumulative, doubling in two years, tripling in three, etc.

Electricity Reliability and Demand

Buildings are one of the major contributors to electricity demand. We learnedduring the 2000/2001 California energy crisis, and the East Coast blackout in thesummer of 2003, that our electric distribution network is fragile and systemoverloads caused by excessive demand from buildings can create unstable

conditions. Resulting blackouts can seriously disrupt business and cost theeconomy billions of dollars.

Since the California electricity crisis, the Energy Commission has placed moreemphasis on demand reduction. The 2001 and 2005 Standards resulted in 330megawatts (MW) of demand reduction. The 2008 Standards are expected toreduce electric demand by another 132 MW each year. Nonresidential buildingsaccount for 95 MW of these savings. Like energy savings, demand savingsaccumulate each year.

Comfort

Comfort is an important benefit of energy efficient buildings. Energy efficientbuildings include properly designed HVAC systems, which provide improved aircirculation, and high performance windows and/or shading to reduce solar gainsand heat loss. Poorly designed building envelopes result in buildings that are lesscomfortable. Oversized heating and cooling systems do not assure comfort evenin older, poorly insulated and leaky buildings.

Economics

For the building owner, energy efficiency helps create a more profitable operation.From a larger perspective, the less California depends on depletable resourcessuch as natural gas, coal and oil, the stronger and more stable the economy will

remain in the face of energy cost increases. A cost-effective investment in energyefficiency helps everyone. In many ways, it is far more cost effective for thepeople of California to invest in saving energy than it is to invest in building newpower plants.

Environment

The use of energy has led to oil spills, acid rain, smog, and other forms ofenvironmental pollution that have ruined the natural beauty people seek to enjoy.



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California is not immune to these problems, but Appliance Efficiency Regulations,the Standards, and utility programs that promote efficiency and conservation helpto maintain environmental quality. Other benefits include reduced destruction ofnatural habitats, which in turn helps protect animals, plants, and natural systems.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming

Burning fossil fuel is a major contributor to global warming; carbon dioxide isbeing added to an atmosphere already containing 25 percent more than it did twocenturies ago. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses create an insulatinglayer around the earth that leads to global climate change. Energy Commissionresearch shows that most of the sectors of the State economy face significant riskfrom climate change including water resources (from reduced snow pack),agriculture, forests, and the natural habitats of a number of indigenous plants andanimals.

Energy efficiency is a far-reaching strategy that is making an importantcontribution to the reduction of greenhouse gasses. The National Academy ofSciences has urged the country to follow California's lead on such efforts, saying

that conservation and efficiency should be the chief elements in energy and globalwarming policy. Their first efficiency recommendation was simple: Adoptnationwide energy efficient building codes.

The Standards is expected to have a significant impact on reducing greenhousegas and other air emissions: carbon dioxide would be reduced by 473,000 tonsfirst year of construction, cumulative each year thereafter.

1.5 Whats New for 2008

The process to develop the 2008 Standards began with a call for ideas in winterof 2005, moved through a series of workshops and hearings in 2005 through 2007and concluded at the adoption hearing on April 23, 2008. Energy Commissionstaff, contractors, utilities and many others participated in the process. Thefollowing paragraphs summarize the principle changes that resulted.

All Buildings

1. Revisions to: Administrative 10-103 to allow for electronic filingand compliance documentation maintenance for future use,Administrative 10-105 to clarify roles and responsibilities of stateagencies for enforcement of the Standards, and Administrative10-113 to clarify requirements for low-sloped and steep-sloped

roofs.2. Revisions and clarifications to: 118, Mandatory Requirements for

Insulation and Roofing Products. These revisions includeintroduction of Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) for cool roofcompliance.

3. Revisions and clarifications to: 119, Mandatory Requirements forLighting Control Devices.



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Introduction Whats New for 2008 Page 1-5

Nonresidential Buildings

4. Roofing Products (Cool Roofs). The Standards now has new prescriptivecool roof requirements for steep-sloped applications, which consist of highreflectance and high emittance for roofing products. The prescriptivestandards already require high reflectance and high emittance roofsurfaces in all low-sloped applications.

5. The alteration requirements for roofing products have been changed toclarify that all replacements, recovering or recoating of the exterior surfaceof existing nonresidential roofs shall meet the requirements of 118(i).

6. Overall Building Envelope Method 143(b). The prescriptive overallbuilding envelope method has been revised to combine heating andcooling and to provide simplified trade-offs for roofing alterations.

7. Site-Built Fenestration. Changes to site-built fenestration requirementsincluding the new NFRC Component Modeling Approach (CMA)certification, new fenestration acceptance requirements and changes toCEC default values in 116 and Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA6and NA7.4.

8. Insulation Levels 143(a). Revised prescriptive requirements for roof, wall,and floor insulation levels in certain climate zones.

9. Acceptance Requirements. Basic building commissioning, at least on acomponent basis, is required for electrical and mechanical equipment thatis prone to improper installation. The mechanical acceptance requirementshave been updated to meet the Standards requirements. There are alsonew acceptance requirements for envelope (fenestration) and outdoorlighting systems.

10. Demand Control Ventilation 121(c). Controls that measure CO2concentrations and vary outside air ventilation are required for spacessuch as conference rooms, dining rooms, lounges, and gyms. The

Standards expand the DCV requirements to multi zone systems butexempt high occupant density spaces from these requirements, and addnew requirements to ensure that adequate ventilation is provided to thespaces.

11. Refrigerated Warehouses 126. New mandatory envelope, lighting, andmechanical requirements for refrigerated warehouses.

12. Water Heating 113 and 145. New mandatory and prescriptiverequirement for Hotel/Motel occupancies to use residential water heatingmodels, and new prescriptive requirement for gas water heating innonresidential buildings.

13. VAV systems 144(l). New control requirements for single-zone variable(adjustable) air volume equipment.

14. Control Systems. Expand direct digital control systems to zone level forHVAC systems (122), including demand shedding controls (122),hydronic pressure reset (144(j)), VAV zone minimums (144(d)), andsupply air temperature reset (144(f)).

15. Indoor Lighting 146. The lighting power limits for some indoor lighting inthe Area Category and Complete Building type of uses are reduced in



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response to advances in lighting technology. New function areas and typeof uses have been created. Updates for indoor lighting requirements forTailored Method, including wall and floor display lighting.

16. Occupant Sensors 131(d). Added new requirements for occupantsensors in indoor areas, including offices less than 250 ft, multipurposerooms of less than 1,000 ft, and classrooms and conference rooms of anysize.

17. Demand Response 131(g). New demand response controls to reduceindoor lighting when signaled, including load shedding ballasts.

18. Skylights for Daylighting in Buildings 131(c). For prescriptive compliancein low-rise conditioned or unconditioned enclosed spaces that are greaterthan 8,000 ft directly under a roof with ceiling heights greater than 15 ftand have a lighting power density for general lighting equal to or greaterthan 0.5 W/ft shall meet 143(c)1-4.

19. Side-Lighting 131(c). Updates to require automatic daylighting controlswithin daylit areas near windows for some types of buildings. Thedefinition of daylit area has been updated.

20. Outdoor Lighting (147) LPDs have been revised to reflect newtechnologies and IESNA recommendations. Outdoor lighting compliancehas been revised to introduce the layered approach to simplifycompliance.

21. Sign Lighting 148. Lighting power limits (or alternative equipmentefficiency requirements) apply to externally and internally illuminated signsused either indoors or outdoors. The list of alternative light sources hasbeen expanded and reorganized to better reflect the state of technology.

1.6 Mandatory Measures and Compliance ApproachesIn addition to the mandatory measures (Section 1.6.1), the Standards provide twobasic methods for complying with nonresidential energy budgets: the prescriptiveapproach and the performance approach. The mandatory measures must beinstalled with either method, but note that mandatory measures may besuperseded by more stringent measures under the prescriptive or performanceapproach.

1.6.1 Mandatory Measures

With either the prescriptive or performance compliance paths, there aremandatory measures that must always be met. Many of the mandatory measuresdeal with infiltration control, indoor and outdoor lighting, or sign lighting; othermandatory measures require minimum insulation levels and equipment efficiencyor requirements for refrigerated warehouses. The minimum mandatory levels aresometimes superseded by more stringent prescriptive or performancerequirements.



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Introduction Mandatory Measures and Compliance Approaches Page 1-7

1.6.2 Prescr ipt ive Approach

The prescriptive approach (composed of prescriptive requirements described inChapters 3, 4, 5, and 6) is the simpler approach of the two. Each individualenergy component of the proposed building must meet a prescribed minimumefficiency. The prescriptive approach offers relatively little design flexibility but iseasy to use. There is some flexibility for building envelope components, such aswalls, where portions of the wall that do not meet the prescriptive insulationrequirement may still comply as long as they are area-weighted with the rest ofthe walls, and the average wall performance complies. If the design fails to meeteven one of the requirements, then the system does not comply with theprescriptive approach. In this case the performance approach provides the mostflexibility to the building designer for choosing alternative energy efficiencyfeatures.

1. Building Envelope. The prescriptive envelope requirements aredetermined either by the envelope component approach or theoverall envelope approach. These two approaches are describedin detail in Chapter 3 of this manual. The stringency of theenvelope requirements varies according to climate zone and

occupancy type.2. Mechanical. The prescriptive mechanical requirements are

described in detail in Chapter 4. The prescriptive approach doesnot offer any alternative approaches, but specifies equipment,features and design procedures that must be followed.

3. Indoor Lighting. The prescriptive lighting power requirements aredetermined by one of three methods: the complete buildingmethod, the area category method, or the tailored method. Thesethree approaches are described in detail in Chapter 5. The allowedlighting under the Standards varies according to the requirementsof the particular building occupancy or task requirements.

4. Outdoor Lighting. The Outdoor Lighting Standards are described inChapter 6. They set power limits for various applications such asparking lots, pedestrian areas, sales canopies, building entrances,building facades and signs. The Standards also set minimumrequirements for cutoff luminaires and controls. Outdoor lightingcompliance is prescriptive in nature and is determined by thelighting application type (general and specific) and the lighting zonefor each application. Detailed information on the outdoor lightingpower allowance calculations is found beginning in Section 6.4.

1.6.3 Performance Approach

The performance approach (Chapter 9) allows compliance through a wide varietyof design strategies and provides greater flexibility than the prescriptive approach.It is based on an energy simulation model of the building. The Standards specifythe method for determining an energy budget for the building.

The performance approach requires an approved Computer Software programthat models a proposed building, determines its allowed energy budget, calculatesits energy use, and determines when it complies with the budget. Design optionssuch as window orientation, shading, thermal mass, zonal control, and building



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configuration are all considered in the performance approach. This approach isused because of the flexibility and because it provides a way to find the mostcost-effective solution for complying with the Standards.

The performance approach requires that the annual TDV energy be calculated forthe proposed building or space, and be compared to the TDV energy budget. Theperformance approach may be used for envelope or mechanical compliance;envelope and mechanical compliance; envelope and indoor lighting compliance;or envelope, mechanical and indoor lighting compliance. It is not applicable tooutdoor lighting, or to indoor lighting in the absence of envelope compliance.

TDV energy is the currency for the performance approach. TDV energy not onlyconsiders the type of energy that is used (electricity, gas, or propane), but alsowhen it is used. Energy saved during periods when California is likely to have astatewide system peak is worth more than energy saved at times when supplyexceeds demand. Appendix JA3 of the Reference Joint Appendices has moreinformation on TDV energy.

Three basic steps are involved:

1. Design the building with energy efficiency measures that are

expected to be sufficient to meet the energy budget. (Theprescriptive approach requirements provide a good starting pointfor the development of the design.)

2. Demonstrate that the building complies with the mandatorymeasures (see Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8).

3. Using an approved calculation method, model the energyconsumption of the building using the proposed features to createthe proposed energy budget. The model will also automaticallycalculate the allowed energy budget for the proposed building.

If the proposed energy budget is no greater than the allowed energy budget, thebuilding complies.

If performance approach will be used for additions and alterations, see Chapter 9for details.

1.7 Scope and Application

The Standards apply to both nonresidential and residential buildings. This manualaddresses the requirements for nonresidential buildings, including hotels, motels,and high-rise residential buildings (those over three stories above grade inheight). The Residential Manual addresses the requirements for low-riseresidential buildings, which include the single family and duplex residential

buildings.

Bui ld ing Types Covered

The Nonresidential Standards apply to all buildings of the California Building Code(CBC) occupancies of Group A, B, E, F, H, M, R, S or U. If these buildings aredirectly or indirectly conditioned, they must meet all mechanical, envelope, indoor,and outdoor lighting requirements of the Standards. Those buildings that are not



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directly or indirectly conditioned must only meet the indoor and outdoor lightingrequirements of the Standards.

The Standards do not apply to CBC Group I. This group includes such buildingsas hospitals, daycare, nursing homes, and prisons. The Standards also do notapply to buildings that fall outside the jurisdiction of California Building Codes,such as mobile structures. If outdoor lighting is associated with a Group Ioccupancy, it is exempt from the Standards requirement; however, if the outdoorlighting is part of any of occupancy groups listed above, it must comply with theStandards requirements.

Historic Buildings

Exception 1 to 100(a) states that qualified historic buildings, as regulated by theCalifornia Historical Building Code Title 24, Part 8 or California Building Code,Title 24, Part 2, Volume I, Chapter 34, Division II are not covered by theStandards. 146(a)3Q and 147 Exception 14 clarify that indoor and outdoorlighting systems in qualified historic buildings are exempt from the lighting powerallowances only if they consist solely of historic lighting components or replicas of

historic lighting components. If lighting systems in qualified historic buildingscontain some historic lighting components or replicas of historic components,combined with other lighting components, only those historic or historic replicacomponents are exempt. All other lighting systems in qualified historic buildingsmust comply with the Standards.

The California Historical Building Code (CHBC) Section 102.1.1 specifies that allnon-historical additions must comply with the regular code for new construction,including the Standards. CHBC Section 901.5 specifies that when new orreplacement mechanical, plumbing, and/or electrical (including lighting)equipment or appliances are added to historic buildings; they shouldcomply withthe Standards, including the Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

The California State Historical Building Safety Board has final authority ininterpreting the requirements of the CHBC and determining to what extent therequirements of the Standards apply to new and replacement equipment andother alterations to qualified historic buildings. It should be noted that in enactingthe State Historical Building Code legislation, one of the intents of the Legislaturewas to encourage energy conservation in alterations to historic buildings (Healthand Safety Code Section 18951).

Additional information about the CHBC can be found on the following website:

http://www.dsa.dgs.ca.gov/StateHistoricalBuildingSafetyBoard/

Contact the State Historical Building Safety Board at (916) 445-7627.

Low-rise Residential Buildings

The Residential Standards cover single-family and low-rise residential buildings(occupancy groups R1, R2, and R3) and CBC Group U buildings including:

All single-family dwellings of any number of stories

All duplex (two-dwelling) buildings of any number of stories



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All multi-family buildings with three or fewer habitable stories abovegrade (Groups R 1 and R-2)

Additions and alterations to all the above buildings

Private garages, carports, sheds and agricultural buildings

Table 1-1 Nonresidential vs. Residential Standards

Nonresidential Standards Residential Standards

These Standards cover all nonresidential occupancies (GroupA, B, E, F, H, M, R, S or U), as well as high-rise residential

(Groups R-1 and R-2 with four or more habitable stories), andall hotel and motel occupancies.

These Standards cover all low-rise residential occupanciesincluding:

Offices

Retail and wholesale stores

Grocery stores

Restaurants

Assembly and conference areas

Industrial work buildings

Commercial or industrial storage

Schools and churches

TheatersHotels and motels

Apartment and multi-family buildings, and long-term carefacilities (Group R-2), with four or more habitable stories

All single family dwellings of any number of stories(Group R-3)

All duplex (two-dwelling) buildings of any number of stories(Group R-3)

All multi-family buildings with three or fewer habitable storiesabove grade (Groups R-1 and R-2)

Additions and alterations to all of the above buildings

Note: The Standards define a habitable story as one that contains space in which humans may live or work in reasonablecomfort, and that has at least 50% of its volume above grade.

1.7.4 Scope of Improvement s Covered

The Standards apply to any new construction that requires a building permit,whether for an entire building, for outdoor lighting systems, for signs, or for amodernization. The primary enforcement mechanism is through the building

permitting process. Until the enforcement agency is satisfied that the building,outdoor lighting, or sign complies with all applicable code requirements, includingthe Standards, it may withhold the building permit (or, after construction, theoccupancy permit).

The Standards apply only to the construction that is the subject of the buildingpermit application (with the exception of existing spaces that are "conditioned" forthe first time, in which case existing envelope components, and existing lightingsystems, whether altered or not, must also show compliance with the Standards).

Other than for lighting, the Standards apply only to buildings that are directly orindirectly conditioned by mechanical heating or mechanical cooling. Section1.7.17 provides detailed definitions of these terms.

1.7.5 Speculat ive Bui ld ings

Known Occupancy

Speculative buildings of known occupancy are commonly built by developers. Forexample, if a big box retail center or an office building were built on speculation,



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the owner would usually know the ultimate occupancy of the space but might notknow the actual tenants. For this type of building, the owner has severalcompliance choices:

1. Declare building to be unconditioned space, forcing tenants to beresponsible for envelope, interior lighting, possibly some exteriorlighting, and mechanical compliance.

2. Include envelope compliance.3. Include envelope compliance as well as mechanical and/or lighting

compliance, when those systems are to be installed prior toleasing.

There are several potential pitfalls with delaying envelope compliance. Forexample, tenants may have a diff