titanium
DESCRIPTION
titaniumTRANSCRIPT
-
1. 1.1
(Titanium, Ti) 22 . 1790 William Gregor (Ilmenite, FeTiO3) Ti , 1795 Martin Klaproth Rutile(TiO2) Ti (Titan) . 1823 Ti , Ti . 1910 Na Hunter . 1938 Kroll Ti Kroll Process 1940 . 1948 10 Sponge Ti . 1949 Kobe Steel 1951 Osaka Ti . , , . . Ti 4.5g/ 40% , 6 . 1680, Fe (/) .
1.2
Ti () 0.4% Al, Fe, Mg 4 . Ti (Ilmenite, FeTiO3), (TiO3, Rutile) . . Ti Na Hunter Process , Kroll Process . Kroll Process (TiCl4) Mg Ti .
(1) Kroll Process (Mg) : TiCl4 + 2Mg Ti + 2MgCl2(2) Hunter Process (Na) : TiCl4 + 4Na Ti + 4NaCl
Ti , , . Ti (HCP) 882 (BCC) . +
-
. Ti .
(1) 1680 . (2) 4.5 g/ 1/2 . (3) 1/2 . (4) 1/4 . (5) 1/2 .
Ti , , Ti . . Ti . Ti , . . Ti , , +, Ti , . Al, O2 , N2 , V, Mo, Fe, Cr, Mn . Zr, Sn , . ELI (Eltra Low Interstitials) , 0.12% O2 .
1.2.1
. Al Ti3Al TiAl . Sn Ti-5Al-2.5Sn . , Creep , .
1.2.2
Creep Al, Zr 1~2% . + , . Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V , Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo
1
-
. 1.2.3 +
Ti-Al , , +. .
1) , . 2) . 3) .
+ Ti-6Al-4V , , , . + . Creep , . (+ ) , + . 995 Ti-6Al-4V + . STA(Solution Treatment and Aging), (Solution Treatment and Overaging) . Ti-6Al-4V Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, Ti-6Al-4V-6Mo .
1.2.4
, . . + .
1) . 2) . 3) .
+ 10% 10% . ,
2
-
, + . Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn .
2. 2.1
Micro. .
1.
A
Ti-0.2Pd Ti-5Al-2.5Sn
A B
Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V Ti-6Al-2Cb-1Ta-0.8Mo Ti-6Al-4Zr-2Mo-2Sn
A A B
+
Ti-6Al-4V Ti-6Al-4V ELI Ti-7Al-4Mo Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn Ti-8Mn
B A C C D
Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al B
. + () . , . + Ti-6Al-4V .
3
-
2.1 (x 400)
2.2 (x 400)
2.3 (x 400)
+ 3%, 5% . . .
2.2
, , . 0.1~0.2%
4
-
. . . TiO2 , Ti2O3 , TiO , . , , , . . . Ar Ar . , 0% Hv 170 4.0% Hv 260 . . .
2.3
, . , , . , , . . . . .
2.4
. , . .
2.5
, . . Zr, Nb, Ta, Hf , Fe, Ni, Cu, Al
5
-
. , (Transition Piece) .
3. 3.1 3.1.1
. . ELI . ERTi-1 ~ 4 ERTi-5Al-2.5Sn, ERTi-6Al-4V . , . .
3.1.2
TIG, MIG, Ar 500 . 3.1 3.2 . , . .
6
-
3.1 Ti TIG
195mm
1mm 8mm
40mm
3.2 Ti TIG
(Back Shielding) . Ar , 10-2 Pa Ar . .
3.1.3
. . , , . 2m/s .
3.2 3.2.1
, , .
7
-
, . mm .
3.2.2
. , , 2~4% 30~40% . . , .
3.2.3
. , 40~80mm 5~10mm .
3.3 3.3.1 TIG
TIG . . , . . , . . , . . Cutter .
3.3.2 MIG
MIG TIG . .
8
-
. MIG TIG .
3.3.3
(Transfer Type) . Ar H2 . 1 10mm 1 .
3.3.4
. 1 . , , , , , . , , . . . 30~90mm Ti-6Al-4V .
2. Ti-6Al-4V (mA)
(KV)
(cm/min)
(mm)
(mm)
(Torr)
500 90 450 320 410 5x10-4
. . , .
3.3.5
, . Spot , Seam
9
-
. 3 Spot . Seam Spot Spot .
3.
(AC)
Ti-6Al-4V 2.4mm 12.5 kA 76mm 10672 N 16 cycle 37338 10.9mm
3.3.6
Inertia Continuous Drive , . , .
3.4
. 4 .
4. () (hr)
, Ti-0.2Pd 416 ~ 440 471 ~ 496 524 ~ 538
7 ~ 8 2 ~ 4 0.5 ~ 1
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn 532 ~ 649 0.25 ~ 6 Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V 788 0.5 ~ 2
Ti-6Al-2Cb-1Ta-0.8Mo 538 ~ 649 0.25 ~ 1 Ti-6Al-4V (ELI ) 538 ~ 593 2 ~ 4 Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al 760 ~ 788 0.25
3.5
, , PT, RT, UT , . . , .
10
-
4.
1. AWS Welding Handbook-Metals and Their Weldability 6th Edition, American Welding Society, 1972, pp73.1-73.65
2. : ., 1998, pp278-287 3. : , 2, pp1041-1063
11