titanium

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titanium

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  • 1. 1.1

    (Titanium, Ti) 22 . 1790 William Gregor (Ilmenite, FeTiO3) Ti , 1795 Martin Klaproth Rutile(TiO2) Ti (Titan) . 1823 Ti , Ti . 1910 Na Hunter . 1938 Kroll Ti Kroll Process 1940 . 1948 10 Sponge Ti . 1949 Kobe Steel 1951 Osaka Ti . , , . . Ti 4.5g/ 40% , 6 . 1680, Fe (/) .

    1.2

    Ti () 0.4% Al, Fe, Mg 4 . Ti (Ilmenite, FeTiO3), (TiO3, Rutile) . . Ti Na Hunter Process , Kroll Process . Kroll Process (TiCl4) Mg Ti .

    (1) Kroll Process (Mg) : TiCl4 + 2Mg Ti + 2MgCl2(2) Hunter Process (Na) : TiCl4 + 4Na Ti + 4NaCl

    Ti , , . Ti (HCP) 882 (BCC) . +

  • . Ti .

    (1) 1680 . (2) 4.5 g/ 1/2 . (3) 1/2 . (4) 1/4 . (5) 1/2 .

    Ti , , Ti . . Ti . Ti , . . Ti , , +, Ti , . Al, O2 , N2 , V, Mo, Fe, Cr, Mn . Zr, Sn , . ELI (Eltra Low Interstitials) , 0.12% O2 .

    1.2.1

    . Al Ti3Al TiAl . Sn Ti-5Al-2.5Sn . , Creep , .

    1.2.2

    Creep Al, Zr 1~2% . + , . Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V , Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo

    1

  • . 1.2.3 +

    Ti-Al , , +. .

    1) , . 2) . 3) .

    + Ti-6Al-4V , , , . + . Creep , . (+ ) , + . 995 Ti-6Al-4V + . STA(Solution Treatment and Aging), (Solution Treatment and Overaging) . Ti-6Al-4V Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, Ti-6Al-4V-6Mo .

    1.2.4

    , . . + .

    1) . 2) . 3) .

    + 10% 10% . ,

    2

  • , + . Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn .

    2. 2.1

    Micro. .

    1.

    A

    Ti-0.2Pd Ti-5Al-2.5Sn

    A B

    Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V Ti-6Al-2Cb-1Ta-0.8Mo Ti-6Al-4Zr-2Mo-2Sn

    A A B

    +

    Ti-6Al-4V Ti-6Al-4V ELI Ti-7Al-4Mo Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn Ti-8Mn

    B A C C D

    Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al B

    . + () . , . + Ti-6Al-4V .

    3

  • 2.1 (x 400)

    2.2 (x 400)

    2.3 (x 400)

    + 3%, 5% . . .

    2.2

    , , . 0.1~0.2%

    4

  • . . . TiO2 , Ti2O3 , TiO , . , , , . . . Ar Ar . , 0% Hv 170 4.0% Hv 260 . . .

    2.3

    , . , , . , , . . . . .

    2.4

    . , . .

    2.5

    , . . Zr, Nb, Ta, Hf , Fe, Ni, Cu, Al

    5

  • . , (Transition Piece) .

    3. 3.1 3.1.1

    . . ELI . ERTi-1 ~ 4 ERTi-5Al-2.5Sn, ERTi-6Al-4V . , . .

    3.1.2

    TIG, MIG, Ar 500 . 3.1 3.2 . , . .

    6

  • 3.1 Ti TIG

    195mm

    1mm 8mm

    40mm

    3.2 Ti TIG

    (Back Shielding) . Ar , 10-2 Pa Ar . .

    3.1.3

    . . , , . 2m/s .

    3.2 3.2.1

    , , .

    7

  • , . mm .

    3.2.2

    . , , 2~4% 30~40% . . , .

    3.2.3

    . , 40~80mm 5~10mm .

    3.3 3.3.1 TIG

    TIG . . , . . , . . , . . Cutter .

    3.3.2 MIG

    MIG TIG . .

    8

  • . MIG TIG .

    3.3.3

    (Transfer Type) . Ar H2 . 1 10mm 1 .

    3.3.4

    . 1 . , , , , , . , , . . . 30~90mm Ti-6Al-4V .

    2. Ti-6Al-4V (mA)

    (KV)

    (cm/min)

    (mm)

    (mm)

    (Torr)

    500 90 450 320 410 5x10-4

    . . , .

    3.3.5

    , . Spot , Seam

    9

  • . 3 Spot . Seam Spot Spot .

    3.

    (AC)

    Ti-6Al-4V 2.4mm 12.5 kA 76mm 10672 N 16 cycle 37338 10.9mm

    3.3.6

    Inertia Continuous Drive , . , .

    3.4

    . 4 .

    4. () (hr)

    , Ti-0.2Pd 416 ~ 440 471 ~ 496 524 ~ 538

    7 ~ 8 2 ~ 4 0.5 ~ 1

    Ti-5Al-2.5Sn 532 ~ 649 0.25 ~ 6 Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V 788 0.5 ~ 2

    Ti-6Al-2Cb-1Ta-0.8Mo 538 ~ 649 0.25 ~ 1 Ti-6Al-4V (ELI ) 538 ~ 593 2 ~ 4 Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al 760 ~ 788 0.25

    3.5

    , , PT, RT, UT , . . , .

    10

  • 4.

    1. AWS Welding Handbook-Metals and Their Weldability 6th Edition, American Welding Society, 1972, pp73.1-73.65

    2. : ., 1998, pp278-287 3. : , 2, pp1041-1063

    11