138

brndn-pa

brndn-pa, = rndn-pa sbst. Glr.,

vb. Lex.

brndb-pa 1. Sch. = brndd-pa.2. Lex. = rhob-pa, rnams-pa.bsndl-ba to be faint or exhausted

Cs.; v. sdug-bsndl.

UA can

bsnds-pa to place upon a cushion

Sch.

nsfq* bsno-ba 1. v. sno-ba. 2. a blessing,^

cf. sno-ba. 3. Cs. also: mouldy.

rotten (prob. only livid, discoloured, v.

sno).

^-t-a 1. the letter c, tenuis, palatal, like

the Italian ci in ciascuno, or c in ci-

cerone. 2. as numerical figure: 5. -

3. = lea excrement, alvine discharges ,ca

Odor-ba to discharge excrements Mil."

ca-cir lark Ld.

T ea-&is warped, distorted, awry &?A.

ca-co' clamour, cries, snyin fsim-gyica-co shout, exclamation of joy Ptk.

;

noise, of many people Thgy.', da cd-co

ma zer now do not make such a noise! (so

Mil. rebukes the aerial spirits); chirping,

twitter Glr.; cd-co-can shouting, bawling;

talkative, loquacious Stg.

3'irx* cd-dar, also fsd-dar, fsd-sar, a sheet,'

blanket, toga.

ca-ra-rd, or ci-ri-ri, W. *car-pa

ca-ra-rd yon dug*, it rains heavily,it is pouring.

cv

x$'^' ca-ri W. bug.

*^" ca-re continually, always= car.

cag termination of the plur. of pers.

pronouns.

\$cn*m$r cag-krum cartilage, gristle; sna^'

xi cag-krum bridge of the nose.

^" cag-dkdr W. quartz.

cdg-ga, C. *cdg-ga jM-pa*, = nyd-ra byed-pa, c. la, to take care of;

*cdg-ga ddg-po )he' -pa* to look after, to

keep, preserve carefully;*cdg-ga ddg-po*

careful, orderly, regular, tidy, of persons.

Ld.

^ad~^a9-> cdg-pa smackingin eating 6s.

'

i'ag-cer-re closely pressed or

crowded, in standing or sitting

"

cag-rdo-

cag-dkdr W.

^r* <-'an, (v. cian, ci-yan), every thing,

any thing whatever, can - ses knowing

every thing, epithet of deities or saints;

more frq. followed by a negative particle

and then signifying: nothing; *can mi sto*

it does not matter, it is indifferent (to me),

frq.; *can med* there is nothing here, or

at hand; also = *can mi sto; can mi ^es-

Kan* ignorant, stupid; blockhead, simpleton.

can-feu Grlr., also can-can-teu

a sort of sma ll drum Pth.

TT- can, affix, adjective termination, prop.'

signifying: having, being provided with,

dan, Iddn-pa, corresponding to the Eng-lish adj. terminations -ous, -y, -ly, -ful,

e.g. fser-ma-can thorny; sometimes also =-like or -ish: bon-can Bon-like, heretical

Mil., hin-du-can Hindoo-like, Hindooish;

seldom affixed to verbs: byed-pa-can a

doer, maker; in C. also for the possessive

pron. : nd-can, ko-can, my, his (her), *nag-

gofi sd-hib-cen* the Sahib's inkstand. It

may also be affixed to a set of words that

form one expression: tser-ma non-po-can

having sharp thorns, seii-gei mgo-can havinga lion's head.

138

.qc'i"f t"·,,an 6 pa, - /'Iiun-p" IIbst. GlI'.,,·b. Lu.

~~..:::r'r lmidb-pa 1. &h. - briuid.pa. -""i... 2. l~,(. _ nidb-JKI, rJiann'pl1.

q~'I"'..f:r f!.s,;til-ba 10 be !~inl or exhaustedG.; v. IdIlg-bMu/.

~ rn 1. the letter (. tenois, palalai, likethe Iwlian ci in nlUl,"HJtO., or e io n­

«ro'~. - 2. as numerical figure: 5. ­3. '= lea excrement, ah-ine discbarges, rn.dof'-bo. to disehuge el:crements Mil.~~. ea--lir lark Ld.

~\5..~ ta-i'tU w8J1led, distorted, 8WTJ' &It.~

;;~ rn~ clamour, cries, ,nyili {,im-gyil-tWo shout, ezclAma'ion of ;Or PIlI.;

noise, of many I~Jlle TlIgy.; da fd-co1'l'1O ~ DOW do D~ make lIuch .. noi!l4l! (80Mil. rebukes the aerinl spirits); chirping,twitter Gir.; cd-eo-wn shouting, bawling;talkative, loquacious St!!_3'~=\ (d-dar, also tiUar, tJd-.8ar, a sheet,

blanket, toga.3'~'~' ClI.of'a-rU, or Ci.ri-I·;, 11'. -car'lXl

ca-ra-rli,yoli duff, it rains heavily,it is pouriog.3'~' ca-ri ~v. bug.

....~.'1,), Ca·n continually, always_ (01'.

\5=ff eag terroinntioll of the plur. of pers.proDoun~.

~. eag - kl'll1l'< cartilage, gristle; ,mal-...; I'ag-Irrum bridge of the nose.

~~TTJ'" cafrilkdl" IV. quarb:.

~~. cag-ga, C: "Urrya )!lJ'-pa", -ll!Jd-ra byM-pa, c. la, 10 take care 01;

"carroa dug-po jilt' _pa" to look after, tokeep, presen'e carefull)'; "cug-gu·dug-(XJ"careful, orderly, regWlll, tid)', of pel'$o.Ds.

.::l~~:r !Niri3-pu to place upon a cushion&,.

.q~.::r lAit6-t:a 1. \·.3Jid-ba. - 2. a blming,cf. w6-bo. - ~. C3. also: moukly,

rotten (prob. only 1h-id, discoloured, v."'"0).

~iYlfJ ~=r ~~U? CI¥(JkI smackingIn eating (a.

i5=l'f~~. Ca!J-tw-Ti closely pre.;sed Of

crowded, in 5tandiog or littingIA.

u:f.( cag-roo:'" rng-dl:ur It:

\SC' roN, (v. ciaN, (i-yM,), every thing,any thing Whatever. tuN - ih knowing

every thinj:;, epithet of deitie;s or !:l.int5;more feq. followed Ly a neS-tive plrticleRod then signifying: nothing; "tan m; .w"it does not matter, it is indiffereDt (to me),feq.; "Can IJ/td° there is nothing here, orat haud; nlso = "cali mi 3(0; Cull 'IIli ~

/fan" ignarant, stupid; blockhead, s:impleton.

'5::.)e.' can - flu Gir., also ca,.,-i'tl;'-t~

-...; (~) n sort of small drum HI..

~ CUll, affis, adjective termioatioD, l'fOP.signifying: having, being provided with,

= dari ldU11-pa, corresponding to the Eng­lish adj. terminations -ous, -y, -ly, -ful,e.g. (sh'-?I1IW:(ln tborny; sometimes also ...-like or -ish: fx}n.can Bon-like, hereticalMil., lJin-Ju-can Hindoo-like. lIindooisll;seldom uffixp.d to Ycrba: b!led-pa-cu'l ndoer, maker; in C. also for the possessivepron.: ;,a-CUII, .M-can, my, IJis (her), "ljUfI"[Jd;" sd-ldh-cfll" the Sahib's iukStlmd. Itmay also be a!H.sed to n set of WOrU3 thntform o.nc expression: t&ir-lIIa 1tQn.po-i'anhaving sharp tborns,M'n-gti mg6-can havinga)ion's bead.

can rv,/

109

^ can, po., prop, cdn-dii, postp. c. accus.,

to, with, /.v*/'/ n'ui-dn mi jjr<t I do not

go to him Mil.. /V//.; na cdn-<lu with me,

in my presence Mil. The word seems to

be rather obsolete; more recent editions

having (jdn-du and drfn'i-du instead of it.

.5.,..^.;-<m-cil (?) W. the green shell of

a walnut.

can-ci', cdii-h'r. can-t

in , Sen.} a small

bowl or dish; Cs.: continually.*

can-drdit green, unripe W. (?).

cdn-sa (?) kitchen, fire-place W.

cab-cob Cs. nonsense e.g. smrd-ba.

cam 1. Cs. Slow; Le,i: cdtn-gyis

and several other passages, the sense

of which is not quite clear; cf. cam-me.- 2. glistening, glittering (?) cf. lcam-me.- 3. W. whole, unimpaired, *sa* (lit. rtsva)

*cam-me yod* the whole store of hay is

still left (entire).

"SJT^Hf cdm-pa-td-lo Ts. mallow.

cam-pod Ld. a bunch of flowers,

sprigs etc., a handful of ears of

corn.

-rx; car 1. Lea-, car-re, Cs. ca-re, Sch. also

car-mdr, always, continually Cs. 2.

also car, cdr-du, with numerals, esp. )'ci<j-

/"/ at the same time, simultaneously, opp.

to one after the other, successively (viz.

doing or suffering a thing, sleeping, dying

etc.) Dzl.; at once, on a sudden, opp. to

gradually Mil.; Ind-car all the five to-

gether Tlujy., jrnyis-car, drug-car etc.

I* car-ras v. ndoms-ras.

snr col Cs.: 'noise, cal-cal id.; col-rayiuj

rumour, (false) report'; cal-c6l idle

talk, nonsense, cal-cdl ftain id. Mil.

can Pur., v. ces 2.

J* cas-cus Sch. = ca-ci<x.

N3

\5* ci num. figure: 35.

~ </ I. interr. jr..n. in direct questions:1. what? (<:. gen. (fan instead of ti) H

.s/'.s (like the ///W. TOT srpf) who knows?

col. W. ; also pleon. at the end of ti questionafter the. .. am: >m //// - e - tarn ci? do

you know me? do you? /);!.; <-ii <>f whom?whose? followed by /'.'/"'

'/"" -/'/

(-du): why? wherefore? inst. of Hi yalso ci -pyir etc.; d,- l-ii

y '/////ze-na 'this

wherefore? (= why this?J if so it is asked'.

(This phrase, besides the gerundial particles

esp. pas-- is the only way in which

in It. the causal conjunction 'for' (L<if.

nam, enim) can be expressed, and in

translating into Tibetan, the English con-

junction must therefore often be altogether

omitted.) cii Jbrds-bu what sort of fruit?

m ri what kind of a mountain? i.e. of

what consisting? I*th.; ci also, like an adj.,

is placed after the word to which it belongs:

rgyu ci-las for what reason? on what ac-

count? Tlwjy. --2. why? wherefore? but

only in negative questions: bdd</-l<i de ci

ma cog why should not that suffice me?

Thai/.; ci mi syimb why do you not pro-

cure .. .? inst. of the imp. procure! Mil.;

bsdm-na ci ma legs if you considered . . .,

why would not that be a good thing? =

you had better consider, you ought to

consider Mil.; frq.: de Jbyi'iit-nuci ma run

if that happened, why should it not be

desirable? = would that it happened! oh,

may it happen! 3. how? in conjunction

with other words, v. below. 4. inst. of

a note of interrogation, e.g. in: ci yuan,

for yndit-iiam, /.vy/.s -/<//<V yuan do you

allow (me) to come? Dzl &Y. i:i: }5,5.

II. correctively: which, what; what-

soever; every thing, much like </, q.v..

esp. the syntactical explanations given there.

(V, as a correlative, ought prop, always to

be written ji, yet not even in decidedly

correlative sentences is this strictly ob-

served: ci bin'd^-na-^aii} whatever I maydo Glr.; ci bgyi bka ny/i(-fc*) /W-Ayw

bsgrub whatever we uiay be bidden to do,

we shall obediently perform l*th.; ci myur,

also Hwt/ur zi<j-la Pth. as quick as possible;

~ ...~ (tN, po., Prol'. MlI-(lll. po~tp. t. l\(CU~.,

- \ to. with, /.'0'; hhwlu ""i.oro I do notIto to him Mil" PtA.; Ifll Mn..(lu with mt,ill Illy llresence Mil. The wonl seelns tobe rathtr obeoletc; more Teetnt edition~

having sO"....," and dl'ti,;-(/ll in tl!ll.d of it.

3",~,:r (a,,-Hl (1) W the greeD sllell ofa walnut.

o-~ ~~ M'~ rWI-N,Nm-m-, NlII­'1 ,-"\ • --1 ni, . II.; a small

bowl or di h; is.: continually.

~.~. ru,,·drti .. green, unripe W. (?).

o"'~ rWI-M (?) kitchen, fll'tlllaee II:

\):f~ rub-iob C•. nonsense e.g. Iltlni..ba.

~ WwI I. C•. sloWi Lu. MI/I* Joy.and sen!r-al otherpa~ tIle sense

of v..hich is Dot ql,lite clellr; te. M",·ItIi.- 2. glistening, glittering (?) d. lla",·fIII._ 3. n: whole, unimpaired, ·ta· (lit. rtaro:)"la_Ii !JDd" tbe whole Siore of hay isstill left (entire).

~'=r-j.:a:r c-d"...pa-td../o T,. mallow.

u;rq~' (um-pdll l..d. I bultCh of fio'/lotl'S,

sprig.~ etc., • handful of eaft ofCOrti.

i9': rur 1. J~J. rar-rt, G. ra-r;, &11. alsotar.·",dr, always. continually ('a. - 2.

also ;ar, ldr-dll, wilh numerals, C!p.)'fig­Ca,. at the same time, simultaneously, 0PI)·to one after tho otber, lIuccessi\'el)' (,·j1.doing or suffering" thing, sleeping, dyingetc.) J)::l.; at once, on a sudden, 0rl), togradually Mil.; bid _ ;(11' all the five to­

gether 'n.9Y', pl!Jis·lar, d,-uy-cal' ctc.

iS~':;"'I' (;(11'-,./11 V. 0//011I'-1'''',

iS~' cal (,•. : 'noise, cal-elll id.; i'al-I'U,,!"!!mlDour, (fnlse) report'; cII1-i'tJI idle

talk, nonsense, tll/-M/, rtam iJ. Nil.

\50..'1' 00. Pur., v. en 2.

0-.'1'0-.'1' tal-ni. &/,. - ta-U••.~

~, f:i num. figurc: 35,

"3

~. N I. interr. pron. in direet qu tion,:I. what? (C. gcn. 9tH. in:.tead of 1» H

m (like the JIj"d.1IIIT llTTlI) wllo Imow.?col. Ii',; also r1eon, at the C1nd of .. quettiOlIafter tile. ,. am: "I! .w -.... _8WH ci? doyou kno"" me? do you? 1)::/.; rii of. hom?""hOl:e? follo.·ed by lif j ,., "6,.. 1M, .ttul(-4,,): \\I.y? wherefore? inM, of i'i" PI"Also H -l1!fir etc.; J, iii ftyir t;· 16(' 'thiswlaerefore? (= why t1lis') if 10 it i. asltc!(l',(This I,hl'l'se. bes4dei the gerundial pani(')es- esp.~ - i~ tlte only way in whiellin IJ. the taus.l eonjunctioa 'for' (tAlt""IN. nf;"') can be e:Cl,r~sed, and intmnMating into Tibetan, the F.oglnh C'OO­

junction Plust therefore often be al\O@:etheromitted.) Hi.brd:f...b. what. ,;ort of fNit?Hi " what kind of a mountain? i.e. of.·bat consisting? I"'.; H 11.1,;.0, like an adj.,iii placed after the ,,'ord to which it beJoogs:~ ii_laa for what reason? OD what ac­count? Thy" - 2. Why? wherefort? botonly ia ncgath'e questions: bdA:rJa tltt i:i,"a ros "'hy ",hould not thllt 5ufti~ JDe?TItgy.: N 1m' agrub ""hy do you DOt p"eu", ...? insL of the imp. procure! "'./.;btd",-"a Ci twa I. if you considered .. "why wOIlld not thllt be a good thing? ­)·ou hsd better con!ider, )'01,1 ought toconsider Mil.; fr1J.: tk .by.';'_ fi 1M",..

if tllal IUlllpcned. why should it not bede;;imblc ~ '"" would that it IUlppened! oh.nmv it haJlpcn! - 3. how? in conjunctionwith other words, \'. belo.'. - •. iu~t. ofa 1l0IQ of interrogation. e,g. in: n /7IQ.o,for )'mi"-Jiam, )JitJ,-pllr ti '7<IIl; do )'011

II.lIow(me) to cowe? D:I. ~". 13; ~,s.5.

II. correillth'cly: which, what; what­soever; every thing. Dluch like yan, q." ..esp. tlies)'otAetical explauatiousgi\'en there,ti, as 1\ correlati,'c, OUglJll'TOI'. 11111'11)" to

be written )j, yet not c\'w in decidcdlycorrclatil'c scolcnCei is this ..triclly ob­serve<!: N l¥'d(-na-~wi) whatcyer I maydo Glr.; rj .bgyi ~II n,V/IH(-tt) ..1tI- J:';'~b wh:uc"cr ..·e IUl\Y he bidden to do,we shall obediently rerlorm J'til.; n "'!/Hr,&1..'"0 ii~ytI Hg-la PrJ.. AI quick as poMible;

140

ci-lim n

also ci alone : by all means, at all events,

spyan ci drafts he must be conducted here

at all events Glr.

Comp. and deriv. cl-ga what? col. -

ci-dgar, ci dgd-bar whatever one may wish,at pleasure, ad libitum. ci snyed \. snyed.

*ci ton*(lit. yto/i) *zig* some, something

col. -- ci Ita-bu of what sort, manner,

fashion, quality or nature? Lat. qualis.-

ci Itar how? in what manner? what? da

ci Itar bya, W. *da ci co-ce*, what is nowto be done? h Itar gyur-pai ytam byds-

so he related what had happened, frq.-

H-ste, followed by na or (rarely) tc, in

most cases the Lat. sin, butif,

if however;

even supposed that; sometimes for gdl-te,

if,in case. ci sto what does it matter?

si yah ci sto if he dies, what does it matter?

Thgy. (cf. can). ci- dra-ba similar to

what? of what kind? also: of whatever

description it may be Glr. -- ci-nas from

which or what? out of which or what?

by which? etc. (BaL\ *ci-ne* how?), ci-

nas kyah = bis kyah q. v. - - ci tsam how

much? B., W.; ci tsam yod kyan thoughhe have ever so much Mil.; ci tsdm-du

how far? to what distance? ci-tsug Cs.,

col. *ci-zug, gd-zug* how? in what manner?- ci zig i. what? what a? 2. some one,

any one, something, anything ;ci zig-tu dgos

for what (purpose) is it wanted? Dzl. ; ci

zig-na once, one time, at any time Pth.;

ci zig-nas after that, afterwards Pth. ci

yah, ci-an, can whatever, any thing, all

kinds of things, *nul yo-na fsoh-gyu ci

yah yo* C. if there is money, you maysell any thing; followed by a negative:

nothing. ci rigs-pa adj ,ci rigs-par adv.

1. in some measure, to a certain degree;in part, partly Tar.; 2. of every sort Dzl.

and elsewh. ci-la why? wherefore? Glr.,

W. col.;also for the de cii pyir ze-na of

B.; further it is used inst. of an affirmative;

e.g. question: shall \ve get rice there?

answer: *fob yin; ci-la mi fob* of course,

why not? "fci-la zu* why! well!

a}&| Ci-Um (Hind. Jb> 1. the bowl of a

hukka (water-pipe).-- 2. a hukka.

5* ci-tse Kun., also tse-tse, millet.

cig, enclitic, a modification of ycig,

after s usually changed into sig, after

vowels, and the liquids n, n, m, r, I into

zig (exceptions, however, in provincialismsand in literature are not unfrequent) 1.

after nouns, the indefinite article a, or a

few, when following after a plural; some-

times also untranslatable: bud-med-dag cig

some women; mdh-po zig many (some-times expressly opp. to mdh-po, the many,Tar. 7, 15); gah zig v. gan; a little, some,siii zig Ofu-ru Ogro dgos I must go and

pick up some fire -wood Mil.; after in-

finitives : Krims dah Ogdl- ba zig byed-pa

to commit a trespass, to make one's self

guilty of a transgression Dzl.; fse Opos-pa

grdhs-med-pa zig myan he suffered innu-

merable deaths ZM; it is even added to

numerals, and not only when 'nearly',

'about' or similar words leave a givennumber undefined (mi lha tsam zig somefive people), but also in sentences like the

following: cu-mig bzi zig yod there are

four springs or fountains. In all these

cases, however, it may also be omitted.

The numeral for 'one' ought always to be

written ycig and never cig, but prefixingthe y is so often neglected (eg. in fobs

cig-tu, Than cig etc.) that even grammarianslet it pass.

- - 2. when affixed to verbs

(to the root of the imp. mood, or, in ne-

gative sentences, to the root of the present

tense) it is a sign of the imperative. In

ancient literature it is used without re-

ference to rank, whether it be in makingprayers to Buddha, or in giving orders

to a servant; at present in C. only in the

latter way ;in W. it is of rare occurrence.

x$C" -Be* (3CT* ^' *^> ^' a gerundial

particle, the initial letter

of which is changed ace. to the rules ob-

taining for cig; it corresponds to the English

participle in ing, is used in sentences be-

ginning with when, after, as, and is affixed

to verbal roots and adjectives, 'in the latter

case including the auxiliary verb to be:

yson-por dur-du bcug-cin bui sa zd-bar

140

also 8 alone: by all meaDS, ll~ IlII e\cnts.,3p9(Jn n dra,,- he must be conducted hereaL nil e\'t!Dta Glr.

Comp. and deriv. H-ga what? col. _H~,., ~i dgU-hor 1II"bate,.er one DIOY wish,at pleasure, ad libitum. - it" 'Rytd \'. Vl!Jl'd.- *H to,;* (liL }tDit) *:ift same, somethingcol. - H. Ita - btl 01 wfIat sort, maDDer,rumoo. quality or nature? fAt. quali•. ­Ii !tar how? in ,,'hal manner? what? OffH /tar bya, n: ·do n ro·tl", "'hat is nowto be done? - h ltar gyitr-paj )'tam b!lii.­MJ he relnled what hud hnppened, frq. _H.'tt, followed by "a or (rorely) iI', inmost ellses = the I,at. ,hi, but if, ifholl'ever;even supposed tbnt; sometimes for gal-tt,if, in en~c. - n Mo "'hilt does it matter?U YUI; ;.; ,10 iOlc dies, what does it /DllUer?Thy!!_ (d. ran). - H-"dl'a-ba similar towhnt? of what kind? also: of whatc\'crdescription it IDDy be Gir. - H·mu from,,'hich nf what? oul of which (lr what?by ,,'hich?ete. (/lal,; -Ci-nr- how'!), H­filii J.yM/ _ H, J.yait. q. \', - H Ualll howmuch? fl., II':; n Uam yod I.-yait. thoughbe hue ever so much Mil,; H ndlR ~ duho,,' fa.r? to wool di;;taDce?-i'i-tfH9 f ..,col -;;':119, gd-ztl!f how? in what manner?- n !:ig t. what? what a? 2. some one,any ooe, something, anything; Ci ziy-ht dgotfor "'00\ (purpoee) is il .'anted? D:I.; riziy-lIa once. onc time, at My lime Ptn,:ri !:iy-no., afier tbat., after1\'ards 1M. - (oj

yan, i(-wf, roit. wbatever, l\Ily thing, aUkinds of things, -,,"l !to'-tid f.tl'Jit.'!J!JU n'yaH !fl'- C. if there is money, )'ou mayll('ll tiny thing; followed b)' n negative:nothing. - tj I'{!!'-p« adj., li ri!l'"-par nd\',1. in some measure, to n certain deF;N!e;in parL, pnrtly Tar.; 2,01 every sort D:l.and elsewh. - tj,.·la why? wherefore? Glr"w: col.; nlso for the dt Hi li!Jir U-lId of1J.; further it is used inst. of all. affirmatil'e;~,g. question: shall we get rice tbere?l\Dswer: -fob yin; ti-ia mi fob- of ('<IUI'Se,

V>'~ not? -Ci-Ia .h~- why! weill

3'~';i_lim(1fjnd,~ I. IhebVwI ofa

bukh (Wat.eI'-pipe), - 2, a huua.

s·~ H-tIl Kiln., also ~tM, millet

~ tig, enclitic, a modificntion of J'H9.after, u!'lUlll)' changed into .,y. afler

vowels, and the liqllids it., ", Hi, r, 1 intozi!l (e:z.:eeptions, bo.'C\·~r, in pro\'incialismsand in literature are not Il.nfreqlleDt) I.nfler nOung, the indefinite nrticle a. or I

few, when follouoing af~r a plural; &Orne­times also un\.rllllsiatable: bud-mld..(lag t-WJsome women; '1IItlti-po !:iy maoy (some­times expressly opp. to mli';1JO. tk ronny,Ta", 7, I!); fJlJll !:If! \', va;'; a liltle, some.ii,j ZIg .fu-ru e!lro //yot J mnst go IlDd

Ilick up snme fire-wood ~fjl.; after in_finiti\'es; lri»1Jl lim; o!Idi-iHl ziy b!J'i'lI-JHIto commit a trespnsll, to nmke one's selfguilty of n. trtlllsgre8l>ion J);:l.; fu cJidI'J!ltgl'dli8-mM-pa zig 'Ilyllil lie suffered innu_merable dC1ltllS D:I.; it is e\'p.n IUlded tonumerals, lind not only when 'netlrly',I obou\' or aimilar words I~\'e." gi\'ennumber IlDdl'llnt'd (mi ilia t4(JII' Zi<; &Ornefin: IJt'QIJle), but Illso in senlences like thefollowing: eft. - fHig b~j ::i~ yotl \here arefour spring;; or fountains. In aU th~

cases, lJowe\'u, it may also be omitted.The nu.meml for 'Olle' ought at"".), 1.0 bewritten J'ng and never ;;g, bUl prefixingthe r is so often neglected (e g. in fahcHg-t.", lJum Cig etc.) luat even grammarianslet it pa.."6- - 2. wheo afflXed to \'erils(to tbe root of Ihe imp. mood, or, in ne­Rath'e sentences, to the root of tbe presenttense) it is a sign of the irnllCrati,'~, Innncient lheruture it is llsed ...oithout re­ference to rank, whether it be in makingprnyus to Buddhn, or in gh'ing ordcrsto ll. servant; at prescnt in C. only in thelatter wa)'; in W: iL is of rLlre OCCUl'l'en{';(>,

3~' llc' ~. N,i, ~j,i, ziti, II gerundial, . 1-' llnrticle, the initial letter

of which is chunged ace. to the rules ob­taioins for Ny; it corresponds lo theEngli"hpllniciple in ing, ill used in sentelUleS be­ginning witb when, after, as, and is affixedto \'erbll.l roots nod adjecti,'es, 'in tbe uulercase including the aUliliary ,'erb to be:J..oN-por ditr-du lKWg-c.li tau ia zd-bar

141

c!n-ri bur

ffyitr-ciy ( IICIKJ-IKIX, orl>h'i<i-xtt>} may I,

after having been buried alive, be obligedto eat ray own son's flesh! Dzl.\ usuallyhu\\ever employed in the minor clauses

of accessory sentences: />ms-.s//i //<;//- y/^.s

Inlying hid thriiix-lvos after running away1>:I.

; frq. also where coordinate ideas are

in English connected by and or but: m-la:<i-:tit kr<i<j-la Jitii-ba eating flesh and(I i inking blood; <v-;//,

l,'<is-pa tall and well-

shaped: (Irod y-nod-ciii bsil-ba pun heat is

hurtful (but), cold is beneficial Lt. It is

also used like the ablative of the gerundin Latin; nya btsor-ziit Ofso-o we live byli-hing (piscando) DzL

;and -

kyin (q.v.):ri-la dran-aron byed-cin Oduy-yo he sits on

the mountain acting the part of an anchorite

DzL; smre-siidys Od6n-Hn Odu(/ he sits wailing

DzL; ran-dytir (/ro-~//i yda he is wanderingat pleasure Mil.

;ces smrd-zih yod-pa-la

as they were thus speaking Gli\; cos ston-

</// yod-pai fse as he was just giving re-

ligious instruction Tar. 11, 12.CV ^^5Q/^* ciu-ri n. of a female demon Thar.N3 '

3^- ^M;- h'r, H-I-U, terrain, of ./V, 1.

whereto etc., little used. -- 2.

with I/a it: everywhere, in every direction,

for any purpose, by all means, with a

negative : nowhere (so at least it is to be

explained in several passages of l*tlt. and

^j- cis, instr. of ci, cis yid-ces-par Oyynr

by what am 1 to believe it? what>hall make me believe it? whereby can I

know it to be true? D:L; cis kyaii mi

tkrdg-pa yin he is not to be frightened

by any thing Dzl.\ cis tyaii, and H - nas

kyan frq. used as adv.; by all means, at

all events, at any rate, cis kyaii ^ro - naif you wish to go by all means, at all

hazards; da cis kyaii ycys byao now I will

at any rate play him a trick D:/. ; r/.s kyan

b~ex-pa zu I beg of you most earnestly to

accept it Mil.; i-is kyaft slobs never mind!

teach it me at any rate! l*th.

fthi 1. num. figure: 65. 2. inst. of bin.

NS used in compound numerals for the

tens, when the preceding numeral endwith a consonant: mm-i-n, ///////-,//. l,,l,t n-

cuy bryyad-i-u.

^rnr-en -<i,,i, M.;t.. ('*.: 'u sort of lime

used for medicine".

cu-ti (.'//!-//) pig-tail, cue. w..m by

boys and men in Tibet proper, IA.

and Sp. Cf. co-to.

3'^' ^vff-''"-I'. ''"-/' 1 H'. a fresh apricot

- <. dried apricots without

stones. 3. a sort of wild-growing vege-table SV/-., ('. - cu-U ta-yir the pulp .f

apricots boiled down to a conserve nndformed into cakes W. bun-i-u-li a kind

of peach Kim.

T cu(/-<-v</ = cog-cati ,SV//.'

^- hin 1. ('. gourd, pumpkin.- 2. n. of

NS a place.-- 3. for cuii ziy: da Ky(nl

cuii J>yis-pa yin you are a little too late

now I*t/i.; hiii yo-ba a little slanting Glr.

, h'tit-:atl,

a little, B. and(.'., mu-ye citit-:ad h'y a

partial famine Mil. ; h'n'i-zad-kyi />yir for

the sake of a trifle, through an insignificant

circumstance DzL /A% 15: some. Lnt. non-

nulla, of rare occurrence, Was. (242): hi it

zig skycii- bar yyiti'

- mix. rather ashamed,somewhat confounded Glr. ; h'tii-'iy fxin-

nam blta I shall see, whether it will help,

or has helped, a little Mil. : a little while,

a short space of time, ci'iii-:ad h<i W<w/

h'y wait a little (while) DzL When followed

by a negative, it may either be trans-

lated as in: Hih-zad tita lulc - ba a little

unwell, uneasy etc. Mil., or as in: dbaii

h'tii-zad ?///'</, there is not even a slight

possibility= there is no possibility at all

l*th. and elsewh.

cun-zo, also cun-zu, cuii-zf, ycoh-

a kind of white stone.

hib W., from the Hind, wq ,*cvb

cdd-de day* he keeps silence, holds

his peace.

^. cur,

in //// mid -pa to devour food

NS entire Sch.

flyr"r-Hg (-lx....g-'w_. or lK"g-,t,) may 1,Iteler having bei!n lJuried R1ive, be ol>liged1.0 eat my own son'. flei.h! [hi.; usu.lIyho....e\·er emJlio) ed in IIle mioor cJause;lof aece.sory i.eflWDCes: uro.-lin gdu-IJ(/AlJlt\·jng Ilid IbelUseh'efi "fler rUlllliog Av..ay0:1.; frq .•1-.0 "Ilf'~ coordioille ideall arein Engli ..ll COnUN'led b)' and or but: .d-l"::li-~Iit I.'roy -Ia .flln - bs eAting fl~h nnddrinking blood; ,Mi" t/r.,..pn t.1I and ...·1'11·~liaped: dl'Oll Jrtlkl..N" o.il·ba j'HUi hellt ishurtful (but), cold is benefici.1 Lt. It is.Iso used like lhe ablati"e of llie gerundill lAtin, n~1 l¥6r-:tjli .(16'0 we li"e byfi"'hing (piscAndo) IJ:I.; nnd -kyin (q.\'.):ri-fa druit-voli hp.d-Hli .IIII~JO he .iu 00

..he mount.in actin~ the part of an anchoriteD:l. ; ,P/frt-eit,;!I' .dOH';';Ii .d"fl he siu wailingD:l.; ra.Ii ..J;jtir .,f/'"V-~iill"'tla lIe is ...·.ndering:Iot IllellSure .1111.; m ,",rd-~i,j y6d. J'a-lalb they ...·ere thus .peaking Glr.; ro. ,tun'Cili ydd-pui til! all he was JUSt Riving re­ligious iostruction TIN". 11,12.

~~.~. nu-ri n. of 0. female demon TIw.l'"

3,,:;", ~•.s' fir, n- ro, tennin. of .ii, J.whtrtlo etc., lillIe used. - 2.

...·jth ya,;; everywhere, in every direction,for nny IlUrt1n8e, by all menns, witll anegalive: nowhere (so at least it is 1.0 beexplained in !e\'erlll pllS nges of HI.. nDr!

'I'h!J!J.).3..~' i·i•• instr. of ci. i:i~ yi<l-ln-par .,yyur

by what :1m 1 to belie\'e it? whnt~Ilnll make hie bclie\'e it? whereby clm Ikoo\\' it to be true? D:I.; t'u l.'!Ian lI.i.A'rug-pa yin he ill not to be frightenedby nD)' thing /):1.; t'iI ~!Jalj, /tDd H-nl.l&

J..ya';' frq. used ns ndv.; by all means, ntnil events, at any rate, N. I·yuN. o!IrO - nil

if you willh to RO by uJl meanll, nt allIIl1Zards; dfl N~ Iyw; !I'fII U!JM no\\" I wiltI\t any nlte )IIIlY Ilim II. trick 1):1.; h.I:ytIHbter••pa til 1 beg o( you mo;.t ennlestly toaccept it Mil.; ;·i, k!JIHi ./obI neyer mind!leach it me Ilt llUy rale! PM.

\5' hi. 1. num. figure: 65. - 2, iust. of lx'lt,'" used in compound IlulU(!ral~ r..,., the

1<,

lens, ...·hen the preeNing numeral end.witl. a consonant; aullf-hl, dnl!l_h" Utlllll­Cu. ul"'!J!JIII/..rll.

\S':fF hI-9#" Mfli., l •. : 'a AOI1 or li.ae..... u"Cd for m~idnt".

u; iv-ti (!ri'll.h) pig.tail, tft.... (·m by..... IJoY. and IOta ill Til~l pl'OIlf!r. fA/.and 81" cr. ro-to.

\5~ ~.1f r#..[;, ro-li J. 1t~ almll a,rie,L.....' - 2. C dried apricots ... itboutstones. - 3. '" ~It of wild-gro....ing l'l'J:,'C-­

table Sik., L: - "'_/i ta--gir the pulp ufapricots boiled do""n tn a conJofOtve alldformed into cak~ IJ'. - w"....-li • kindof peadl KVH.

~~ ~!I "" h¥,Hti!f .Yh.~ ~

\5~' hf" l. C. gourd. J"lmpkin. - 'I.. n Ilf

'" a place. - 3. (or Iv" ~: fW lyo.lht,. .jJyi'-pa yiH you a~ a fittle ll)() laLeIIOW /'til.; hili yO-btl n liule !lanting Glr.

i5:.'~ , 3:.'~'. ~''=~' i1ili-Hg. I-W"-..... "'00 \..... l::ud. ;';'''-::(111.a liWe, lJ. /lad C., flfli ..~ Cilit_::(1(/ fig apArtinl famine l1/i/.; i-Hit·::(II/._!!li }~'r fOC'the 6Ilke of a lrinl'. t1lrough an iniipifkantcircum~tl\oceD::I. J,l\\ 15; some. Lut._nullfl, of rarc occur~Dce, n~ (:.!-41): fllit~ig Il!iit - bar gyilr _IfIU ratller ."lllllll~,

some"bat confounded Glr.; n...-tei!J Jit;,..."mil Mta I ~ball see, wiledll'r it will Ilelp.,or hM helped, a little lllil.; a little while,a ShOl1 S[13ec of time, i-,;,j-::fICl "'"9 ",/Qil

i-ig \\'nit II little (while) Dd. 'nen follo\\'~

by II nl'gathe, it ma) either lie trans­lated liS io: HI,; - ::lu! :Ilia M/- ba a liuleunwell, unensy etc. .l{il., or lIS in: (IbailNfli .. ::ad mill, there is not e\'eo .. slightpossiLility _ Ih~re is no Il0000ibilit)' "t .111',1•. I\nd elsewh.

'SC·(t{ ('tin-teQ. also "....Ii-tell, ;..,.-:;. rrtJH-'" :i, 1I. kind of whitt ~tone.

~. i'no W, from the {fjlJd. ~tt. ·i-ttu'" f....id-w du!l he kt'ejls silellce, boldshis peace.~. t'ICr. in t:u .,;./- pa to devour food~ - eftlire &4.

142*

cur-n

TX*J- cur-ni meal, flour, only in medical

NO '

writings.

v$" ce numer. figure: 95.

-ar .3-ar (I'arM-*,**-, ze-na (cf.

'

<%), in st. of <Vs smrd-

na, 'if one says so, asks so' etc., after words

literally quoted, frq. (W. *zer-na*).-^

dn jackal.

cc-re, cer-re envious, jealous,

miff ce-re (cer-gyis Thgr., <VV-

te Glr.) ltd - ba to look with an evil or

envious eye upon; ce-re Idn-ba dim-sighted,

purblind 6s.

33T3TCT cwn-me-ba bright, shining, of

polished metal Glr.}

cf. Krd-bo.

N "

cem-tse scissors 6'.

n- ceu 1. a small sucking-pipe for drinking^ the Murva-beer, in which millet grains

are swimming Sik. (v. Hook. I., 175).-

2. a clyster-pipe.

5^" cer, v. ce-re.

res 1. (L&. ^fff),also *>s and ^s

(cf. ciy) SO, thus, in ancient literature

regularly placed after words or thoughts

that are literally quoted, and so continuing

the sentence; the quotation itself is gen.

preceded by Odi skdd-du, or Qdi snydm-du.In later literature ces and the introductory

words are often omitted, in col. language

always. Inst. of ces smrds-so, ces ysuns-

so, so he said, thus he spoke, so has been

said or spoken, so it is said, often only

ces-so is used, and in like manner ces-pa

for ces smrds-pa, this word, this speech;

ces-pa-la sogs-pa these and similar words;

ces-pa Odi yan also the preceding poem (is

written by him) ; snyun zes -pa ndd -kyi

min yin the word snyun is a term for

'disease' Zam.; zes(-pa) dan 'such, and', if

a quotation is followed by another, where

we say 'further', 'moreover'; ces-pa-la after

words have been quoted, which form the

subject of further discussion; ces byd-ba,

or ces-pa the so called, frq. after names;

ces-su rarely for ces. 2. ace. to the usual

Sfrrr'

"J" cog-pa

spelling and pronunciation (c-tfs, ce) of the

Lamas oiLd. it is the ordinary termination

of the infinitive in W. (in Pur. and BaL

cas., in Kun. ca), though etymologicallyas yet not accounted for; sometimes used

also as a sbst. or adj. i.e. partic. : bsdd-

ces killing, bsdd-ces yin it is to be killed;

skye-ccs pregnant, v. skye-ba.

"^ co 1. num. fig.: 125. 2. co- dri-ba

Lex., 6'., to blame, reproach, slight; to

vie with.

co-ga, lco-ga Mil. lark (not

common in Tibet).* w-9er(-\ co-ger bzugsGrlr., TF.vulgo:

*co-gan dug* he sits motionless.

M-to, also co-ti, 6s.: a tuft of hair

on the head, thus Lex. : co-toi t'or-

cog (= cu-ti?); cf. Ican-lo.

cd-ri = cor, can co-ri Lex. (?).

c,6-li cu-li.

M - lo the prattling or chattering of

little children Mil.;

cf. cd-co.

"Zrn' cogCs.: a plural-sign; Schr. all (people).'

This, or a similar original meaningof the word is also to be traced in an

expression usual in Ld. : cog-mdo a place

where three roads meet, v. mdo; cf. also

cag. When affixed to a word, it must be

preceded by the vowel o, the final con-

sonant of the root being at the same time

repeated. Affixed to verbs, it seems to

convert them into participles: ^ons-so-cog-

la Dzl. ?V, 6, to those arrived, to the

(persons) arrived, yin-no-cog, yod-do-cogthose being, existing (things or persons);

6's.: yces-so -cog things that are valuable,

precious, to a man.

"J' cog-cog-pa W. grasshopper, cricket.

cog-pa C. to have leisure cog-na yon

go if you have leisure, come! *cog-

ka* leisure, *dhe-rin cog-ka me'* to-day I have

no leisure; *cog-ka jhe* is an affirmative

answer, when having been asked for some

little service, something like: well, I'll

do it.

142

~.~. i:I;~-~ti meal, flour, only in medical...., wnhngs.

~ te numer. figure: 95.

~'~, ~~', ~.~ '\~_1Ia,. &("lU, ;,;-fla (c~.tl!!), lOSt. of crs IIlm'u­

lIa, 'if one says so, asks so' etc., after wordsliterally quoted, frq. (1V. ":i/·-nu").

~.~. h-spy(lJl jackal.

~.~. ~~~. er-l't, i·tl'-J'F envious, jealous., mig ct-1-e(rb'-!l!Jis Thgl'., Nr-

Ie Gll'.) ltd - bu to look with an evil OJ'

en\;'ous e)'e upon; ct-d ldit-bfl dim-sighted,purblind C8.&.r~'.::r Um -111(' - bu bright, shining, of

polished metal Gil'., d. I:l'u-bo.

~.~~ Um.-tse scissors C.

~. cl'U 1. u small sucking·pipe for drinking...., the :Murva-beer, in which millet groins

are swimming Sik. (\'. /look. I., 175). ­2. a clyster·pipe.

~ ctl', \". ee-rt!.

~~ (o(!3 1. (Lu. If"'l'I), also ~es and zes(cf. Ny) so, thus, in Rncient literature

regularly placed after words or thoughtsthnt nre literally quoted, and so cOlltiauingtbe senteacc; the quotation itsclf is gen.preceded by odi shid-du, or oJi sllyum-dlf.In later literature Us and the introductorywords are often omitted, ill col. languagealways. Inst. of (\(!3 smI'Us-SQ, (on j'8uits­SQ, so be said, thus he spoke, so Ill'S beensaid or spoken, so it is said, often onlyee8-8Q is used, and in like manner «s-pafor CN smI'Us-pa, tbis word, this speech;m-pa-la 8Q{js-pa t\lese and similar words;ces-pa odi '!Jllii also the preceding poe:m (is""rilten by him); SIl!JU1l zes-pa lldd - /.-!li11lhi yill the word sllyun is a term for'disease' 7.am.; zl!s(-zm) dali 'such. and', ifa quotation is followed by another, wherewe say 'further', 'moreo\'er'; m-pa-laaftefwords have been quoted, which form thesubject of further discussion; ciS byti-ba,or res-pa the so called, frq. after names;,\ls~u rarely for Cell. - 2. acc. t9 the I.!fiual

ilii[<r Mg-pa

spelling and pronlluciation (elS, l:e) of theLamas of Ld. it is the ordinary terminationof the infiniti\'e in lV. (in Pur. and fIal.cas, in Klfl/. cll), though ctymological\ylIS yet not aCCODnted for; sometimes usedalso as a sbst. or adj. i. e. partie.: bsUd­Cell killing, bsUd-/-n yill it is to be killed;s/.-yr-tttl pregnant, v. skye-bu.~ Co 1. num. fig.: 125. - 2. eo·/b·i.bu

lA-oF., C" to blame, reproach, slight; tovie with.~:fr ~l:l'r hJ-ga, 1C6-ya .Mil. lark (not

, ';5 common in Tibet).~-:'ai'" M.g<!r(?), c6-!W bZufl'Glr., lV. vulgo:

-('\ 'w-gan dll!!" he sits motionless.

i'fif' e6-to, also /-v-ti, Us.: a tuft of hairI on the head, thus Le.r.: M-toi (or­

roy (= M-ti!); cf. lell/i-to.

~ (-6-l'i - eol', c(ili eo-d Lu,(?).

~ M-li = elf-li.

~6:l-:" M - 10 the prattling or chattering oflittle children _Mil.; ef. ca-eo.

~r eQfjCs.: aplural-sign; Sclll'. all(people).This, or a similar original meaning

of tile word is also to be traced in nnexpression usual in Ld.: e6[j--mdo a placewhere three roads meet, v. lIldo; cr. abocag. When affixed 1-0 a word, it must bepreceded by the vowelo, the final con­sonant of tile root being lit the SllIDe timerepeated. Affixed to verbs, it seems tocon\'crt them into participles: ~(J,;8-8d-eoy­

la D::l. ?\\ 6, to those arri\'ed, to the(persons) arri\'ed, !lil/-M-Cog, yQd-do-i'Of/those being, e:dsting (things or persons);Cs.: reh.8d-eog things that lire \'Rluable,precious, to a man.

~.~.qCdfJ-Co!J-pa Iv. grasshopper, crickel

~..q' MfI"pa C. to have leistlre i-dg-na yOli9f! if you hllV6 leisnre, come! "Mg­

ka"leisure, "(llU!-rf/i Mtj-I.:a mc"'to-dny I ha"eno leisure; "t\Qg-l.:a )11(" is au nffirlDati\'eanswer, when having been asked for somelittle service, something like: well, I'lldo it.

143

/,;,/-// a sort of small tent < *.

*

coy-fa', v.

*$J" coy-la-ma a mineral (?) Mcd.

^r* C0n 1. Lex. a musical instrument,

Sc/u: : a bell. 2. 37/7: coit-la skyur-ba to push one down a precipice in order

to kill him (the only meaning the context

here will admit); cf. tson-doh. 3. v. ycoii.

3fr'S;*con - ci a small bowl or dish Sch.

;

v. can-ce. *

con -con jagged, indented, serrated.

'&T con-mo, col. for Icuii-mo.

con-ba, Pth.: nu-Jbod coh-ba ace.

to the context: to raise loud la-

mentations, waitings (at funerals); perh.

etymologically connected with co-nes. Cf.

fcoh-skad.

con-zi cun-zo.

con-ron, perh.=

coii-coii, Mil. coii-

roit tser-ma.

<'<></-/>d n, JTcF^, ornament for the

head, worn by kings, tiara, diadem,

crown; the crest of gallinaceous birds.

"cob-ddr Ld.-Glr., Sc/d. p. 29, a (?).

cor-ydii, cor-ciy a mouth-

ful. a gulp, a little *//.:

cf. co-re.

col-cuii Thgy. childish prattle or

babbling.

ycdys-pa 1. to apprehend, to

grasp (with the understanding),to impress, gen. with yid-la, on the mind,

e.g. the doctrine Dzl.;also bka nan-yea;/*

cen-po yndn-ba to give a thoroughly solid,

impressive instruction; ycdys-po byed-pa-

fcdgs-pa; with additional force: *do cdy-

po )he'-pa* C. to impress (to one's mind)as firm as a rock. - - 2. relative to per-sons it is synon. to cdys-pa to love.

yc('dt-po, W. *sdri-po* clever; lively,

sprightly; W. also attentive to, re-

gardful of; ycdit-po <///'/ it, -po clever and

sagacious Mil., ycai,-! ,-,',l,/,i,i-j>,i

id. Jf/,. ;

hence also yca/t sbst. sagacity, cleverness;

l-o-ycdit clever words, clever spoe< h '

cf. also Ka-sbydh ; W. : **a// co-i-i* t/> watch

for; to keep guard, to watch; **aii-Hg &f-

cc* to be very attentive, to li-t-n with

fixed attention, */i-nV/-/v/', ('. "id /-////-

c{'U* very attentive; W.: *HCIH kul-w* 1.

to exhort, admonish 2. to wake, to rouse

from sleep; *ods-.s/ .>///;>-*//// td/i-h* to give

religious exhortations, to hold parenetic

lectures.

fcdd-pa, v. fcdd-pa.

3^* ycanr^zdn frq. beast ofprey,^

^. /<?/', but more in a

systematic sense, so that the cat, and even

the dog may be included; Glr. po. ycan-

(f)zdn fa-ma 'the last of the beasts of

prey', the cat.

_.._. ycdm-bu Cx. humbleness, servility,'

flattery, Sch. also untruth, lie; fcdm-

bui iiag, or tsiy a servile speech; ycdm-bu smrd-ba to speak submissively Stg. (not

much used).

fcdr-ba 1. Sc/t.: cut out put out

knocked out, e.g. ////</ an eye (cf.

bcai'-ba. - - 2. Mil. >

__^.._. ycal- bd, ;-ctil

- tin bkrdm -pa to

spread, display, lay out e.g. precious

stones, jewels, on a table, on the ground,

Glr., also L<:r.

-ba 1. vb. v. ycid-pa. 2. sbst.

ycin; bxait yci both kinds of alvine

discharges. I):/.

ycig, num. one; ycly kyaii even but

one; one and the same, <//* ycig-tu

at the same time (whereas </M.< ciy-na once,

one day, which however is also written

<ln* r<Vv-) : /<''// bynl-pa to unite (vb. n.),

to join (in an act), to act in concert: >"K >.

alone; dear, beloved, yalt yciy ilear father!

Glr. : sin - tit ydii it - bai ma; ci>i my own

(only) beloved mother! somebody, some

one !>:/../

< /y . . . )'<'</ the one the other,

somebody or other, very frq. : ycig-yis j I

yciy-ta yciy etc. one another, each other

frq. ; mi-fciy < '. differing, different.

~.~ Mt,rbtt a tori of small tent l.•.

~. CdfI-tu. v. Iiog-w.

~~.,Jf Cdv-la-ma • mineral (?) Mfd.

~. Co. J. Lu. Il. musi~ imotrument,hr.: • bell. - 2. Mil: ;.oli-Ia .lywr_

6a to I,ush one do,", • precipi~ in orderto kill llim (the only IDeaning the contexthere ."iI! admit); d. IM/1Iot/O;'. - 3. v. r;.o,;.~'3' M,; - n a small bowl or dish &h.;

Y. can-h.-- ...~~·\Sc:: i:o"'~nM jagged, indented, serrated.

~.~ roiHn<J, col. for li:U,i-IIIQ.

~'~' i:(M~ba, Pth.: ,ill-/xid llM_ba Me.to the conted: to rnise loud lll­

menlAtions, wnilioKS (at funerals); perh.etymologically connected with ClNin. cr.TMol-d<u:I.

i1""'.~. ". ,. .. .•-l1 .VI.-_I - ("W"~;:o.

~'~' i:o,;-ro", perb. _ oo,;-ron. JIil. Co,;­rOn 1Mr'-'lfju.

~':J<:) roJ-pdn, ,-,z. ornnment for tbeIlead, worn by kings., tiara, diadem,

Q"(Iwn; the cmt of ga\linACCOU.~ birds.

~-::;: t6lJ....Mr Ld.-Glr., &111. p. 29, a(?).

~~. ~.~ hJr..¢"',~amouth-, """'1 fu~ a gulp, a little &II.;

d. ro-rl.~':f~' Col-n,;. 17tg!J. cbildish prattle or

babb"ng.~~'V,:r fM!!, - pa 1, to apprehend, to

graap (with the understAnding),to imprus, gen. with yid-iQ, on the mind,e.g. the doctrine D::l.; also b~'u JWII~rCI;gs

;rhl-po )'lIIitl·1Hl to gi\'e n thoroughly 1lOlid,impressive ill~truetion; rcd[p-l'o byM-JlI'­ri-d9'-l)(l; with additionfll forcc: "do ~Ii!l­

1l() )J.f-]Ju- C. to impress (to one's mind)liS firm IlS II rock. - 2. rell\li"e to per­sons it is synon. to Mga-Prf 10 rove.~:::r' rid,,-po, W. -.IiiI-po- t:lt'ler; lively,

sprightly; II~ also attentive to, reo!tVfl'ul 01; }'M" - IN> driti ~ 10 dner and

a&gIicious AliI., }"lait-l.fr." t.l6","pn id. 1'tIr.;hence illso r~"it llbsl u.gacit" cLeteme.:CI.-}"h}i< t:I"'er ....ords, duer ,~h r~.:

cr. also fa#i1; IV.: O~ td-«' to ...teLfor; to ktoep guard, to watch; -"io~ NJ­«' to be very lluenti,e, to libl~1 withfixed alfcntion, -8di-rig-Cm,", l: ohJj,-rig­~- Yery .ttenti,ei 11(: -.ian aki,J-«- I,

to e~hort, .dmonish 2. to ",·.ke, 10 rouefrom sleep: -oo.-.t. "'".....'" td;,~ to gi,en-ligious exhorutions, \0 hold pal"ftlelieIe<:tures.

~~.'f TiUd-/~I, v. rMJ-,~,

~;S~.(~ -9" fCtm-(r):t/n frq. beast Or~lre1,l.at. fl'ra, but Illore In •

!<ystematie sense, so tUilt the Cflt., and eventhe dog mllY be inc1udoo; Glr. po. rl"n­(f)zdn fa-ilia 'lhe last of the beasts ofprey', the Cllt.~\);f~ ri:dlll~~ (k. humblenus, servility,

flattery, &h. also untruth, Itt; rCd­bui ;,ug, or lJig a Rrvile spucl.; }'U...bu. ,,,,rd-lJa to speak subllli ively Sig. (notmuch used).

=iJ\F'.::r riYlr-ba I, &h.: cut out, put out,knocked out, e.g...;y an eye (c£.

bfflr.oo.. - 2. NiL!::rrr..r.::r rMI - 00, Tnil ~ dtt UTt"" - pc ..

spn!ad, display. lay oot e.g. preciolU'loues, je""els, on .. table, on the ground.Glr., also l..-u.~.::r rCi-ba I. vb. V. }'iitl-t",. - 2. SML

- fnlt; bit." Tn both kinds of alvinedischnrges. Dd.Zl'J~ f 89, nUIII. one; }.~ /ryf.,:, even but

onc; one and the same, d.... re;y-tMnt the SAllie time (wherens dl~ ~_"a once,onc dfly, whidl ho .....o'·er is ",1"0 ....ritlendl<5 fC;'-1,"); rCi!J bgM-pa t.o uuite (,·b. n.),to joiu (in un flct), to IIct iu concert: sole,alone; dear, bolol·ed, !lah ri:~, lieu fllothl'r!GI,·.: itn - tu J'lfit.it -/x,i "''' r8!J m)" 0.,,'11

(oDI)·) beloved motber! 8Omebodr, ;;OllieODe lJ:L, Tn.)· .. rNt.! the ODe - the olb('r,somebody or olher, H':ry frq.: /ci:J-'.ti- rCit;.rHy-fa rCi!J eU'. ODe another, nt:1I olilerftll.: ,...,iig (,: differing, lifferlftl

"J" ycid-pa

144

Comp. and deriv. ycig-ka single, only,

opp. to several, Mil. ycig-car, pay-car\. car. --

ycig-cig, pronounced *cig-cig*,

a certain, some one, /<; TLC, slob -ma-las

ycig-cig Dzl. ; bud-med ya'g-cig Dzl. 3VXC, 5

(where Sch. has cig-ycig erron.); ycig-ycig,

pronounced *cig-cig*, 1. one at a time;

separately, alone, esp. W.>, 2. of the same

kind, not different W. (v. Fouc. Gram. p. 21.

42), 3. adv. by one's self, only, solaly W.-

ycig-cog all-sufficient Glr. --fcig-nyid

Cs. 'unity' (?) ycig-tu 1. into one, into one

body, together, -fcig-tu sdu-ba to unite e.g.

six countries, Dzl.;to contract, to simplify

6. 2. at once, wholly, altogether Dzl. %%, 3;

3. firstly, in the first place, ya'g-tu-ni;then follows ynyis-su-ni etc. Dzl. 4. only,

solely Thgy. ycig-du unity and plurality,

ycig-du-brdl not having these two qualities

Was. (308). ycig-pa 1. the first Wdn. (little

used). 2. having etc, one, cf. dgu. 3. of

one kind, not different or manifold, mi-

ya'g-pa different B. and C. ycig-pu (also

ycig-bu?} alone, single, ycig-pus mi ston

fab -pa to be able to cope alone with a

thousand men Dzl.; ybig -pur lus-pa to

remain alone behind Glr.-, only, sole, bu

ycig-pu the only son, frq.--

ycig-po 1.

alone, rgydl-po ycig-po skyes-pa yin the

king alone is a man, Dzl. 2. being one,

or the one, ma ynyis-la skyes-pai bu ycig-

po thou (being the) one son of two mothers,viz. claimed by two, Glr. 3. Pur. the One- the other. --

fcig-sds the other, when

speaking of two.

ycid-pa, also yci-ba, pf. ym, fut.

yci} imp. ycis, to make water, to

piss.

ycin urine, ycin yad-pa, or yci-ba,

W. tdri-ce, to make water; ycin sor

urine is discharged involuntarily; ycin-

rkydg, both discharges, vulg. ; ycin-Qgdgthe retention of urine Med.; ycin-snyi

gonorrhoea, clap(?) Med.

yciu 1. clyster -pipe=

ceu; yci-uisman clyster Lex. 2. clyster^ Cs.

'

ycil-ba to spoil, to destroy Sch.

"

fcer-bu

yM-ba, Icu-ba, v. ycud-pa;

you or lcu- K6r 6s., ycu-skor

W., ycus-bu Ts., screw. ycu-ti v. m-fo'.

ycu-doh screw-box 6s.

"

ycu-gdl importance, 6s.

yciigs -pa, prob. not different

from ycdgs-pa. The word oc-

curs in\yid(-la) ycugs(-pa) beloved, a friend

Dzl.;mdza -

yciigs byed-pa to treat ami-

cably Wdn.; Kon-fciigs having conceived

a hatred Lex.

ycuit-po, resp. a younger brother.

ycud? ycud-(ld) Jbor^-ba^) Lexx. w.e.;

Sch.: to forsake, to cast out, to re-

ject; (cog. to cud-zdn?)

>, lcud-pa, pf. ycus,

s,fut. ycu,lcu, imp. yews (?)

to turn, turn round, twist, twine, plait, braid;

*c-wc? fo<7 tdn-ce* W. to untwist, untwine a

rope; *ms ^ww tdh-te nol dug* W. they

wrestle and scuffle (prop, they fight scuff-

ling); *sen cus gydb-ce* W. to press and

bore with the knuckle; *cus-spu* a low

expression for the hair; lag-pa ycus Zam.f

^n^'^J" ycun-pa, secondary form of ^jun-

ks'

pa, L,exx. : rtsdd-nas ycun-pa, prob.

to subdue completely; ycur-zih ycun-pa

prob. to beat or press a thing until it is

soft.

cn-rx-n' ycur-ba, secondary form of ^jur-

N3 ba; ycur-pe Ld. a coarse sort of

vermicelli.

.yi-e-ba to esteem, to hold dear, to love

Sch.

ycen (Cs. ycen-po) resp. 6s.: one's

elder brother Dzl ??-S, 11; ace. to

Zam.: first-born son.

"^" ycer-ba v. bcer-ba.

ycer-bu naked, col., also Mil. ; ycer-

nydl id.; Kun.: *cer-gog*; resp.

sku ycer-bu; yber-bu-rnams Ogdbs-par byed-

pa yin-pa being one that covers the naked

Stg.; ycer-bur Jbyin-pa to make naked, to

strip Pth.', ycer-bu byun-ba, W. *cer-nydl

fon-ce* to show one's self naked; ycer-

'44

Compo and deriv. fHg-J.:a single, only,opp. to several, Mil. - rag-car, tHg-carv. car. - rtig-lig, pronounced ·(;{U~<:i9·,

a certain, some one, H~ 'H~, glOb-mo.-lugJ'Hg-l1g D::l.; l",.d~1Ill'<1 ),t'i!J-Ng D::L ~~.(, 5(where Seh. has Cig-)'cifJ erroD.); rCig-j"f:ig,pronounced *Ny-Ny*, l. one at a time;separately, alone, esp. lv'; 2. of the samekind, not different W. (v. p()Ilc. Gmtl/, p. il.42), 3. lIdv. by one's sel" only, folely IV.- rNg-'Mg all-sufficient GIl'. - rt/f! -uyid(,'8. 'llnity'(?) - rNy-tu I. into one, into onebudy, together, riiy.tu wu-ba to unito e.g.six countries, D::l.; to cOlltraet, to simplifyC. 2. at once, wholly, altogether D::l. ~Z1. 3;:L l1rstly, in tlte first pillco, rag - fu - 1/1;tileD follows J'1IY(8-su-ni etc. Dd, 4. only,~ulely '1'II9!!_ - rNg-l1ft, unity and plurnlity,yNg-du-brdl not Imving tliese two qualitiesJV«s. (308). fNy-pa I. the first Wdli. (littleused). 2. having etc. one, cf. dyu. 3. ofone kind, not different or mrmifold, mi­)'l:ig-pa ilifferent B. nnd G. - rag-pit (/llso; i:iy • bur) alone, single, 'lay _pus ml 8wli((dl - pa to be nble to cope alooe with athollsand men Dz{.; 'lciy- pur {'f8 - pa toremain nlone behind Gll'.; only, sole, 1m),Cly-pu the only son, frq. - )'i:iy - po I.alone, l'flyal-po "lNy - po MyCIJ - pa yin theking alone is n man, D:::l. 2. being one,oj' the 00l', ma "('/yi3-la d'gb-pa!: bu rCiy­po thou (being the) ODe son of two mothers,viz. claimed by two, Gil'. 3. PUI'. tbe one- the other, - rCiy-if68 the other, whenspeaking of two.t1J~..q' feid-pa, also rei-bu, pf. reu, fut,

)'8, imp. rei8, to mnke water, topiss.tfj~' rein urine, rein rNd-pa, or rN-bu,

w. tali-ee, w m/lke water; (/:in ~I'

urine is rlischnrged involuntarily; ;'cin­,·J.:ydg, both discharges, "ulg.; fein -o!Jdytbe retention of miue Me<!.; r/:in - my;gonorrboea, clap(?) Ne<l.

tfj~r.r fellt 1. clyster. pipe ... eeu; )'Ci - ui...", 811wn clyster l,u, - 2. c~'J8ter(?) (.~.

~8"'..f,::r rHl.ba to spoil, to destroY &1,. .,

t1Jo'::r, JW.::r rbi-ba, [({t.lm, v. rbid-pa;'"' ~ )'Cu or lcu-orlll' (':'., 'lCu-skIJl'

lV., rcu8-bu 1'3., screw. - ;,Cit-ti v. eu-ti.- reu-dO/j screw-box Cs.

~"tifl- r'''U-ydl importance, (~

:n~~-.q' rr,ifP - pa, prob. not rlifferent"., from j'cdfjlf-p«. The word oc­

curs in: fJid(-la) 'lclIfI8(-p«) beloved, a friendD::l,; 111,[:;1.1 - ycufl8 b!Jill- pa to ll'ent ami­cably Wdll.; fOll-rcYY8 hu\'ing concei\'edl\ Imtrea Le.J:.

~:"'f rCltli-po, reSII. a younger brother.

trio-=-,- ,Cud! ri:ud·(la) ix)/'(-lxt) Leu. w.e.;t,,;, &1,.: to forsake, to cast out, to re­

ject; (cog. to ~Id-.::dnn

:n\SZ::::' a,l-·.q- ,Md-pa, li:itd-pa, llf. fbl8,"., l' ~1 li118,fut.i'Cu,h"U,imp.rb18 cn

to turn, turn rouod, twist, twine, plait, braid;-hid log to.li-U· II': to untwist, ulltwine arOlle; -b.u zum Mil- Ie no! dtl:! Iv. theywrestle and scuffle (prop. they figbt scuff­ling); -8':11 t'l/S yydb-i:c° W. to press uudbore with the huckle; ·CU8-8pt? a lowexpression for the !Lair; l«g-pa rh18 Zalll.!

:n~'.q' ,<:tin_pa, secondary form of J!ill­"" pa, Le.N.: I'tsdd-nag rcu'/-l)l.l, prob.

to subdue completely; 'lMr -l:bi rCU11-/)I.lprob. to bent or press a thing until it issoft.:n\S,,~' ;tcUI'-bu, secondary fOl'm of .,jUI'­

'" ba; rhil'-11e IA. a coarse sorl. ofvermicelli.Cl~.:::r rre-ba to esteem, to hold dear, to love

'1 &It.Cl~..:r' 'lrcn (C'I. rcen. po) resp. C8,: one's-1"'1 elder brother D;l, 'JJ..s, I J; ace. to

Zam.: fil'l;t-bom son.

t1J~~.::r i'M..ba \'. lxVr-ba.

l:l'J~':::J' "lct~'-b~ nake,d, col.; also Mil~; ,ca-nyal Id.; Run.: eer-yrJ-/, resp,

skit fUr-1m; rUI'-lm-I'71alllS c1Jrilts-par byM­pa yfn-pa being one that covers lite nnkeaBig.; rM..bur ob!Jin-pa w make naked, to

strip Ptk; ,rer-bu b!l'ili-ba, w: ·cer-nydlfdn-ee" to show one's self uaked; ,Ur-

;,

145

in. ii;'r-/ii/n/-n/l.iin Mil. (-S.s/-. nir;/rn/t-

ilin a nuked niun, gymnosoj)hist; cos-xku

i/tt<>/<-<lii 1/riif-bnx having been deliver-

ed so la r as t<> see the cm-sku (v. sktt)

mi \riled Glr.

/<Y.s-/< (/.//. *tti:

-jHi-*) dear, belov-

ed, ... liar yirs-na yait althoughIn- is to me as dear as ... Glr.; ited-kyi

mi '/trs-fid a man dear to us, our beloved,

our darling Mil. ; fl-es-ma a favourite, sweet-

heart Cs.; j-ces-pruy dear child A///.; ex-

cellent, precious, valuable, sm-tu fces-pailint the five important letters (viz. the pre-fixed letters) Glr.', ties-pa yces it is of im-

portance to know Med.; often as super-lative: jiy rtin Odi-na yci's-pa rah-srog yinthe dearest thing in the world is one's

own life l*th. ; yces-par l>i/nl-i>a Sty., Odzin-

}>(tGlr. c. accus

,W.: *se-pa co-ce* gen.

with the dat., to hold dear, to love, to

esteem, persons or things, but not appli-

cable to the deeper affections of the heart.

yces-bsdiis Lex. w.e.; j'ces-btiis Cs. choice

pieces (out of books).

Sfy.; ycon-ron a narrow pMMge, a d-lil

Cs. -- 2. from yi. to get faint, languid,

wearied in mind, C.

'

ycon-zi, \. ;-<m-zi.

*cdy-ce*, imp. *coy* trs. to Qcdy-

pa, to break, dum-bur to pieces; to break

off, or asunder; to smash, a glass; to crack,

nuts; to burst; split, blast, a gun, a rock;

fig. : to break, to violate, a promise, a vow,a law etc. frq., ydb-kyi bka bcdy-tu medthe word of my father may not be violated

(by me) Glr.

pf' ycot'i, ycon-nrid, consump-' '

tion, phthisis, ycon-ccndmu-cu prob. dropsy in the chest or in

the pericardium Med.; gen. any chronic

disease*con-la fsn' ma son-t'iam* C. it has

not taken a chronic turn, has it? also fig.:

*sem c6n-po duo* C. the heart is sick, af-

flicted.

ycon-skad Lex., Sch. : lamentations,

waitings , plaintive voices,

cf.

*n* rcdn-ba, 1. pf. bisons, to excavate,

wash out, undermine through the

action of water, tur-du ycoii-bar mi yyur-rn they are not undermined (by the water)

Z7|($r'j' )'<-<'I-/KI. pf. In-itil. Int. ;<"W, imp.

cod, W. /Ytt/.r^, imp. *,W 1. to

cut, , cdd-byaycod-iKi *,i-nn<la secure Grto cut asunder, l,

:

<nn-fx,nl-tlu into small bite;

to CUt Off, Chop Off, the hands; to Cut down.

to fell, trees; to cut out, the tongue Dzl. ;

to rend asunder, to break, a thread, a rope,

chains, fetters. -- 2. to cut off fig.: CM,

the water, by damming it out, frq.; to

reduce, the wages; to cure, a disease: to

suppress, a passion; to discontinue, to give

up, :"//, zas, eating i.e. to abstain from

food, to fast; sroy, to kill, to murder, frq.;

to Stop a thing in its origin, to obviate.

prevent, avert; to avoid: to lock, the door,

frq. ;. . . kyi, or la, bdr-du ) cod-pa to throw

obstacles in a person's way, to hinder,

impede, frq. ; sroy-la bdr-du ycod-pa de-dag

all these life -endangering beings Glr.; (for

more examples refer to bar'); to sfop, to

make a pause, in reading, sad yon - na

drdy-pot' bcdd-pa making a marked stop,

when there is a shad, Gram. ; rnam(-par')

ycod(-pa), or bcad(-pa\ section, paragraph ;

stop, pause; yotis-ycod id. Gram.; fo de-

cide, ces bead -do thus he decided D:l. ;

fcrims, or (Dzl.} zal-ce, to pass sentence

or judgment; to judge, condemn, cf. also

fdy-ycod-pa.-- 3. to cross (little usi-d),

cu-bo yru-yis a river in a boat Glr. 4.

rjcs ycod-pa to follow the track, used both

of men and dogs; *mdr-dzi* (to follow)

the smell of butter (viz. of roast-meat),

*kyur-dzi co'-pa* C. to follow the souri>h

smell (viz. the smell of beer); (;>/- (also

tx<n- /'///.) }dod-pa to search into, to in-

vestigate, to examine or study thoroughly

Ld.-Glr. Schl. p. 20, b. - -cdd-pa* fcM-

pa and other phrases v. under the re-

spective noun. - *co-tdii* ( '. the Tibetan

rupee, having lines (radii) of division mark-

ed, by which they may be cut into smal-

ler pieces.Note: In some phrases the

10

!m-p(J, ri:,Jr-lI!1f1I."J,'an MiL. (&k. "j'Y'·tm­11m u naked !llllU, gYlliooiKlllllistj Cdt-~.lll

~·Ctl' lII(thi-du !lrOl.lm, Illlving lIeeo deliver­ed ~o fur "s to ~ee the co,-'(ll (Y. d'U)um'dled Gil'.:fJ3.-~'.q' tN.-pa (Lh. ·U-1'tt-·) dear, belov·

ed, ... ita" )'N,-,I(I. yUl' nlthoughIll, is to me ~ dellr :\5 . " Glt'.; itb.l-J..'!Jimj rN'-IJa II lOun dear to us, our lJe!o\'ed,our darling Mil.; rH,-mu l\ favourite,sweet­heArt l.•. ; rc~ -{nitg denr child Mil.; ex­&ellent, precious, valuable, Jill-Iu rCt'-pailim the five importullt letters (viz. the l'te­fixed letlers) Gir.; $I,-pa )'m it is of inl­portnoce to know .Mtd.; oftcn ItS sUller­Inti\'e: ,Jjg rlht ili-1lU )'hf8_pa ra,i.,'-0:7 yinthe denrest thing in the world ill one'sown life l't/I.; rO:'-1'«l' byM-pu Stg" otl::in­pa GIl'. c. ACCUS, W.: ·ie-pa co.ct!' gen.with the dllt., to hold denr, to lo\'e, toe~teem, persons or things, but oot Ilppli­cable to the rleeper "ffectionll of the hellft.-lCC,..bt.tili, Lu, w.e.; rea-blif8 (~. choicepieces (oot of books).:fJ~'.q' rhJg-pa, pf. beug, inlp. C'ov(,), W:

·cQg-i·e-, imp. •Coy. trs. to ili!!­pa, to break, dum·btll' to pieces; to breakoff, or asunder; to smash, 1\ glnss; to crack,nuts; to burst; split. blast, 1\ gun, a. rock;fig.: 10 break, to violate, Il promise, II. \'OW,

a law etc. frq., !/db-J..yi bJ..·u bCdg-fu medtile word of my Cather may !lot be \'iolnted(by me) GIl'.

:fJ&: Q'j~E:C'j~; ri'f),i, rioli-ndJ, consump·, tion, phlhisis, r''o" - cell

(Imti_ C11 prob. drops)' in the chest or inthe pericllrdium Metl..; geo. :m)' chronicdisease ·rou-lt~ {8~t' 11m lJO,i-utl11l· C. it hllS

1I0t tllken a chronic turn, hilS it? ulso fig.:·senl MJi-po dl/{I· C. ,be lI~art is sick, uf­Jlicted.~~.~~. tM,l.,J,:all LC.r'.,Sch.: lamentations,

wailings, plainlive voi&es, cf,rMil-ba.Ql~::::r r Mu - lHl 1. pc. wo,i', to excavate,

wash out, undermine through lhenction of witter, (""-d1l reo,i-bal' 1/Ii !/!pi,"1'0 tlley are liOt undermined (b)' the wll.k:r)

St{j.; ,fOlI-ro/l " Ilarrow J........ge, .. defileC,. - 2. from reo,i, 10 !Jet llint. languid,wearied io miod, C..... ~Q'j~'~' ri'O,i-:(, V. <'0,.8.

~~'.q' ri:6d-jHJ, p£. b(:wl, fut. fctld, imp.(od, W: ·M<l-ce-, imp. •Cod" L to

cut. ; i:lid-b!Ju r<'-&I-]'<I ,«mltla ~car(! (hom".;to clli asunder, £rlll,-If{lti-du into liman bi~;

to cut off, chop off, die hnllds; to cut down,to fell, tn.'CS; to cut out, the wngue D:I.;10 rend asunder, to break, 1\ tilread, a rope,chnins, fetters, - 2. to cut off fig.: Cu,the water, by dnmmillg it out, Irq.; 10reduce, the wnges; to cure, l\ llilletlSe; tosuppress, n. pilssion; to discontinue, to giveup, zan, :a8, eating i.e. to nbstAin fromfoot!, to £'\st; $''0[1, to kill, to murdcr, frq.;to stop", thing in its origin, to obviate,prevenl, avert; to avoid; 10 lock, the door,frll' ; ... J.y£, or la, bd,..du Jj'dd-pa to tllt"Owobstn.clcs in Il person's wny, to hinder,impede, frq.; 81*,-Ia bdl'.Jll ,Md./Ja di-fl/l{jall these life·endnngcrillg beings Glr.; (formore el:nmplcs rcf~r to bar); 10 stop, tomake a. pnuse, in rending, itld yon - nad"dy-pOl' bt'dd-pa milking II marked itop,when tlJere is 1\ 8Awl, Gl'tlm.; rnaJII(-ptlr)rl-dd(-pa), or hemI(-Jm), section, pllragrnph j

stop, pausc; yo,i'·re,jd id. Gmlll.; 10 de·cide. fe8 bCtid - .10 thus he dedded D:l.;"rjm8, or (Dzl.) :al-U, to pMS sentenCilor judgment; to judge, condemn, cf. nlsa{dg-ri:od-ptl. - 3, to cross (little us..-u),m-bo g"i-yi, II rh'er in n bont GIl'. - -(.Ije! trod-pu to follow tlJe trock, used bothof men nnd dogs; ·ma,·-tl:I" (to folio",)the smell of butter (viI:. of roost-mCAt),·J..'!Ju....d:i i:Jf-ptl· C. to foUow the lOurishsmcll (viz. the smell of lIeer); (r"}lcir- (also('tl/' PIA,) }rod-/Xt to sellrch into, to in_ve5tigl\te, to uRmine or study thoroughl),Lll.-GII'. ScM. p. 20, b. - ctill-ptu }\'-dd­

prt nnd other 1.11l,.~es v. lluder the re­spective IJoun. - ·"'!I'_l,in· C. the Tibetanrupee, IHI\,jllg IinCIl (1'I1(/il) of division IOU!.:­

erl, lIy which tbcy Ilia)' be cu\ into 8mal­!~ pi~c". .,.- Nute: In $OUle pbrues the

10

146

ycom'

bcu

spelling of ycod-pa and the assonant verbs

spyod-pa and dpyod-pa is variable.

com-> Pride ' haugnt'-

, arrogance, bskyun -ba

to put it off, give it up Lexx.\ bcom cun-

iius Tar. 20, 6 despondingly, low-spirited ;

gros-ycom Lex. obs. or prov. for gros-bcdm,v. Ocdm-pa.

ycor-ba to spread, scatter, disperse

Cs.

"

bcdg-pa v. ycog-pa and O cdy-pa.

bean? Sch.:i

bcan-rgya-cen-po com-

prising much, comprehensive, very

extensive; bcan-rgydr mdzad-pa resp. to

apply one's self, to bestow pains upon'.

bcdd-ka W. a whole that has been

cut into, or a piece cut off.

'ZT bcdd-po W. something old, torn,

worn out.

J" bcdb-pa v. Ocab-pa.

r bcam-bcom Sch. : trivial things,

medley, hodge-podge.*

bcd-sga v. saa.

* bcd-ba 1. v. cd-ba. 2. sbst. drink-

ing ; gen. used connected with bza-

ba; bcd-ba dan bzd-ba}

or bza-bca food

and drink.

bca- prdn Mil, declivity, pre-

cipice Sch.

bca-mdg, the usual pronunciationof Icags-mag.

* bcdr-ba 1. bcir-ba to squeeze, to

press in a press Thgy.; to crowd,

to throng, *ydr-la bear* C., stand (or sit)

more closely together ! 2. to pull or force

from, to wrest 6s. --3. Lexx.: mig bcdr-

ba the same as in ycar-mig (?). 4. Sch. :

logs bcdr-ba to prop sideways. 5. Sch. :

bear bzugs-pa to have a permanent resi-

dence (this would however be more cor-

rectly expressed by car). --6. bcdr-bai

rta- bcibs, and lan-bcdr? Lexx. w.e.

r bcdl-ba v. )dl-ba.

beds-pa 1 . originally pf. of Ocd-ba,

little used. 2. adj. together with,

connected with, having, possessing, containing

a thing, with dan or termin. (the latter in

prose only when a second dan, signifying

'and', occurs in the sentence); gerundially:

bcds-te, sometimes also beds-pas or 6cds-

sin', adverbially: bcds-su frq. ; Jcor dan

beds -pa (-fe, -m) with attendance, with a

retinue or suite, frq.; bu-mo bcu bod-blon

dan beds-pas skor-te surrounded by ten vir-

gins together with the Tibetan ambassa-

dors Glr.~ btsun-mo dan srds-su beds-te

with (his) wife and son Glr.; gos daii bcds-

su (to go into the water) having one's

clothes on Dzl.;zal Odzum-pa dan bcds-te

with a smiling face Glr.\ ser-sna dan beds-

pa infected with, subject to, avarice; with-

out dan or termin. (esp. po.); Oferul-bcas

infatuated, fascinated Pfh.; Jbru-fdn fun

bcas together with a small parcel of Du-

tan tea; it is also, like mams, a collective

sign, used in enumerations, referring to

several nouns, Wdh., or like la-sogs-pa

and other (things), and more (sucli things),

and the like : rgyags dan bcas bskydl- lo

provisions and other necessaries we shall

supply Mil.

'T bcin-ba, fut. of Ocin-ba to bind.

bcins-pa, pf. of Ocin-ba to bind.

Both verbs (bein-ba and bcins-

pa) are also used as substantives: bonds,

fetters, whether of a material, spiritual, or

magical nature.

-.).,. bcib(s}-pa v. Oeib-pa; Sch. also:

carriage, conveyance.

J* bcir-ba v. cir-ba.

!f"bcil-ba v. jil-ba.

q T- bcu (Bal. *wcu*) ten, bcu fam-pa id.;

bcu-prag a decade; bcu-ycig, bcu-fnyis

(Bal. *wcu -nas*) eleven, twelve etc., (v.

also bco); bcu-pa, bcu-po as in dgu-pa, dgu-

po.-- bcu-skor Ofon, bcu-gyur Ofon (the

field) yields a tenfold crop.-

*cu-Ka,

cu-Kai tal* G1

., *cu-Kdg* W., tithe, tithes;

bcu-Kdg-pa a collector of tithes, bcu-Kag

Odon-pa to tithe, to decimate Cs. -- bcu-

dpon corporal, Lat. decurio, bcu-^og (*cu-

140

spclling of rWd-pa tlnd the aSSOD:\Dl verbsspyoo-pa and dpydtl.pa is variable.

.:f]Mr :::l~' room, brom, pride, haughti-, ness, arrogance, bJ.:yu'i-ba

to put it off, give it up JA:J,z.; bi:<ml (wi­lius Tar. 20, 6 despondingly, low-spirited;yt'<»'rC6m Le:z. obs. or provo for y/'OS.bCdm,v. ocrim--pa.~'::r ri:Jr~ba to spread, scatter, disperse

Co.

=l~'f IXd£I-pa v. )'My-pa nnd ocay-pa.

.:::f\St::' Mali' &h.: 'bCall-ryya-cen-po com-... prising much, comprehcnsi\-c, very

extensive; bcan-~'!J!Jdr md::ad-pa resp. toapply one's self, to best.ow pains upon'.

.q~'TT'J' bcdd,-ka lV. a w~ole that has beencut mto, or n plcce cut off.

.qM:'q bead-po W: something old, lorn,- 1 worn out

.qo.q:'~' bCdb-pa v. ocah-pa.

.q'~'q~' heam·bMm Sell.: trivial things,medley, hodg:o-podge.

.:::f\SQ;Sr bca..flgG v. sga.

=::jiSQ'.:r bM-ba 1. v. cd-ba.- 2. sbst. drink-ing; gen. used connected witli b::a.­

baj bCd-ba da,j b::d-ba, or f.n:a-lXa foodand drink.

~~"'Qt:.. W:a.-,;ftrdli MiL, declivity, pre­cIpIce Seh.

.q3R;;.J=f[ bCa-mdg, the usual pronunciationof loo~fIIO{!.

.q\5=':.q' bCdJ'-Qa 1. - bi:ir-ba to squeeze, topress in 1I press T"gy.; to crowd,

to throng, "gar-la bCar'* C., stand (or sit)more closely together! - 2. to pull or fortefrom, to wrest O. - 3. Lu.r.: mig bed,..ba the snme as in rear-mig 0'). - 4. Seh.:logs b(;dr-ba to prop sideways. - 5. Sell.:bear bzitgs-pa to ha\'e a permanent resi­dence (this would however be more cor­rectly expressed by car), - 6. bCdr-bai"ta- bi:ibs, and lan-bear'! Lea. w.e.

~~'.q' bcaI-&l v. Jd~ba.

.qi5-.~:r bCcb-pa I. originally pf. of id..oo,little used. - 2. adj. together with,

Di I

connected with, having, possessing, containingu thing, witb dali 01" termin. (the latter inprose only when a. second du-i, signifying'and', oc<:un; in the sent.ence); gerulldially:bMs-fe, sometimes also bCriJ-pcu or beds­iii;; adverbially: b(:ds-su feq.; oEor danbeds-pa(-fe, -su) with attendallco, with aretinue Or suite, frq.; bu-mo bCu bod-6ldndail bCds-ptu 3l..v,'-te surrounded by ten \'ir_gins togetber witb the Tibetan lImbftSS!l·dOrs Glr.; btalin - fila dan vds-su bi:ds-Uiwitb (his) wife and SOD Gll'.; rJO$ dwi bed$­su (to go jnto the water) having one'sclothes on Dzl.; za1 odzllm-pa (Ian bCds-wwith It smiling face Glr.; Ur-sna dwi bed$­pa infected with, subject. to, avnrice; with­out dllii or termin. (esp. po.); o'b-/d.!Xa3infatuated, fascinated }Jth.; obru-fwi (1m

bi:cu together with a small pareel of Du­tan tea; it is also, like l'1lall/#, a collectivesign, used io eoumeratioDs, referriog tose\'eral nouns, IVdli., or like la-3Ofj3-paam] other (things), and more (such tJiings),and the like: r!J1JO{!s dan bCfU bskydl-Ioprovisions aDd other necessaries we sunIlsupply Mil.•.::::jiSt:;·.q· bHn~ba, fut. of oCl',i-ba to bind.

.:::j'&.~·.:r lx.,·its-pa, pf. of ocjn-ba to bind.Both verbs (b?:in-ba and beiits·

pa) are also used as substantives: bonds,leUen, whether of a material, spiritual, Ormagical nature..q~(~}.::r bH~s)-pa v. oCib-paj Sck also:

carnage, conveyance.•

..q~.q' b?:ir-ba v. oal·oba.

•.q\5r:.j'~' bCiloba \'. Jil-bll.

.q-U' beu (Bal. "1toCu") ten, btu (am-pa id.;bCu.pl"ag a decade; bi:u-yCig, !xu-mgts

(Bal. -lcCu ~ rifU") ele\·en, twelve etc., (v.also bCo); qai-pa, bM-poasindgu-pa,d!Jllopo. - bi:u·31·Qr ..(on, bc,,-gyilr of<m (tbefield) yields a. tenfold crop. - ·CU· /.!a,c,i-Kai tal- G" •tu-Itdt/ W., tithe., tithes;lXu.JCdg-pa a collector of titbes, bCu-KO{!oddn-pa to tithe, to decimate 0. - bCit­llpdn corporal, Lat. decw;o, bClI-<o, (-Ct!-

147

way* 7k) a band of ten soldiers. b!-n-

ig-bul the eleven-faced (Awalokiteswara)

'

bcu-ba v. fu-ba.

jug-pa.

s, from the phrases : sems K6n-

med-pa daiiIH-I'KJ* 'incd-pa dan

ynod-pa med-pa Sty., andPrat/ihQrya

Am-(v. .Ftw) p. 3: Iha-byfa-gyu blttys

*it appears, that

bcugs signifies hatred, hostility, damage,

loss, which when compared with fcugs

seems rather strange, yet is in accordance

xv ' tn Wfarai (f r this must probably be

read inst. of

- bhul(x^r) moisture, juice, sap, but

gen. combined with the notion of a

certain inherent virtue or power; zld-bai

b<iid a fructifying moisture, to be compar-ed in its effects to the warmth of the sun,

and prob. means night-dew (if after all it

is any thing real); hence essence, nutri-

ment,

rkdn -gis bcud Ogyur nourishment

comes from the marrow Med.; bcud-la sow,

Mil. also bcud-la bor, (this food) has prov-ed a nutritious fluid, it agrees with him;bcud -can nutritious, succulent, of grass,

food etc.; bcud- med not nutritious, Med.;

invigorating cordial, quintessence, li-ud-len

an elixir of life; frq. fig.: cos fams-cdd

bsdm-pai b<-ud Glr.

rn* bcum-pa 1. v. jum-pa. - - 2. to

use artifices, to chicane Mi.- bnir-ba 1. to be flattened down &7*.

- 2. Kun. *lun-po cur-te yon*there is a draught (here). 3. C. like

bkdg-pa to bar, obstruct, block up, e.g. of

snow obstructing a road. Of. Jpur-ba.

ee, btes v. Oce-ba.

- bar-ba 1. to heap or pile up Cs.;

Lex.: sin pun-par bcer-ba to pile

up wood. -- 2. = bcir-ba 1. to squeeze.to press (.

'.,W. ; to squeeze in, ri-brdg /-wy/.s-

kyi bar du something between two rock-

-/V//.; *<\r tu/'t-ce* W. to squeeze, press,

screw in; *^-^A tdA-lf W. to throng,to crowd.

q(f b<'0, for bbu in bto-lnd 15, and Wo-

brgydd 18; lo lita y*um 1,,.,-lnn

3 times 5, 15 years (Ina yvum standing

pleon.) Mil.

q^q* bl'6-ba, pf. and imp. B&M, prop, root

of the fut. tense of Z6*-pa, but in

W. the usual word for bynl-pu to make.

perform; to prepare, manufacture, construct:

employed in all kinds of phrases: */>;-/

zun-can co* W. (he) makes him a liar.

bi-og? Glr. 99.

beam for /com, pride.

bcom-pa, pf.of )djn-p<i, conquered.

subdued; having conquered or sub-

dued, e.g. ilyrd-bcoms-pa, v. df/ra: victory

Cs.; Oprog-bc6m, and *com-t6g* W. rob-

bery and acts of Violence. - bbom-brl<i<i

p.n., Mathura, town of ancient India, in

the neighbourhood of Agra, 7,am., Tar. -

bcom-lddn victorious Cs.; bco/>/-/<t<ut-cil<ix

(Kh. *wcom-ldun-df*, Ld. *i-ont-dan-dds *,

C. *com-dan-di:*} ^V|qr1 Cs.: victorious,

Sch.: 'the victoriously consummated', Burn.le bien-heureux, the usual epithet of Bud-

dha, Burn. I., 71.

*bb6l-ba, v. Oc6l-ba; bcdl-ma a thingcommitted to a person's charge,

a trust.

bb6s-pa, a verb of its own, thoughas to form resembling a parti-

ciple, 1. to treat medically, hence to cure.

to heal, -W//.V/.S k>i<in bcos-su med he cannot

be cured even by the best physicians M/. :

bc6s-(pai) fabs the way of treating, tho

method of curing Med.;sman-bc6 medical

treatment Med. 2. to do (a thing) for th>

sake of appearance, for form's sake, to affect.

bcos-su byed-pa to perform a sham work. e,g.

blowing into a blazing fire 6'.; hence as

sbst. : a false conception, wrong idea, beds

pa dan / rid - bar yi/ur- ba to give way

to odd fancies, to have crotchets in the

brain, e.g. in consequence of old age Tluiy.

3. partic.: made or contrived by :irt.

w:d!/ 71.) a bl,nd of ten soldien. - bbl·rNJ-zdl the elnen-f.ced (A.....lokitesw.,.)Gir.

~Q':::j' bb;-oo Y• • 'fw..ba.

~Q"[::r~ ,. ';'!11"'.

:::j ~'f (HvgJ, from the phrases: II'IIU 11nt-M«J. Jill dtr;' bH,gJ ~itd - p4 du.

J"IM-JIa ..N-JIa Sty., .nd ProtiMrya Al"o­(/dNa (\". Ftw) p.3: l},a-b!p",.gyi. bi"tUpb!JfiJ-l(, - <"i('tlr~'If, it 'ppears, thattx"gt signifies hatred, bostilit)·, damage,108~, which when compared with rn"gtseems father strange, yet is in ACcordancelI'ith li'tJr!llf (for this must probnbly beread inst. of mw).:::j~_' bbld (~) moisture, juice, sap, but

1 gen. combined with the notion of accrtnin inherent virtue or powerj :fa - bal'bCud a fructifying moisture, to be compar­ed in ils effects to the warmth of the ~un,

ami pro!>. means night-dew (if after all itis nn)' thing real); hence euence. nutri·ment, r,(-dH - UM bCud o!I!I"r nourishmentcomet froiD the manow .Mtd.; 6Hfd-ia -',Mi/. also bntd-Ja bar, (this food) has pnH'·cd • nutritinus bid, it agrees with him;lXWd-wli nutritious, succulent, of gn.ss,food ele.; IXwd.'Iftid not nutritious, Mtd.;invigorating conlia~ quinfeuence, bi:vtWha1111 eli.sir of life; frq. fig.: &. (am. - bidbfdliJ-pai bbtd Gi,..:::jij,!f=f bonn-pa 1. v. ,j""'-JH1.. - 2. to

use .rtilieu, to chicane &/I.~u.~~' bCW.,.-iJa 1. to be ftattened down &J,.

- 2. KUlI. 0/"".pc cw,.. t~ YO"olliere is II. draught (here). - a. G: likebJ:dU-pa to bar, obslruct, block up, e.g. ofsnow obstructing a road. Cf. Jur-ba.~ ~

.:::fir, qQ..~ lXt', lXe& v. o"tUa.

:t~~. bb'r-ba I. to heap or pile up lA.;Lu.: ii,j iJfui-por bfflo-ba to pile

up wood. - 2. _ ba·,.-ba I. 10 sq~ze,

te press C., W.; to squeeze in, ti.brtig f'H!Ji'.Icyi IHir d" aome1hing btlwten two rocksPM.; .M- :dti·n- lI~ to sqveelf:~ prelR)

'"screw in; ·hr-Ur IUA-I~ W. to throng.10 ~rowd.

~if b&J, for 6Ca in bOO-ltiti U,brgydd 18; 14 l,fa JWfI'

3 tillleli rt, 15 rtan (Lid ,....pleon.) Mil.

~~.:r 1JM..lJtt, pf. ADd iJllp. txw.. prop. rootof the rut. teOte of .ro.-pa.., hut in

W: the nsual ....ord for bythl.,M II Make,perform; to prepare, manufeeture, COnttrvd;employed in .11 kinds of rhruesj °Cd.lazWlI..(-all to" W: (be) makes him a Ii.,..

~3iir """, GI,. 99.

~~. lXom for rrom, pride.

:::j~k:.r bromfa, pf.of.llhlU-]Xl, conqumd,sUbdued; having conquered or sub­

dued, e.g. dgrd-Mo1m.pa, \'. (lfJf"o; victoryCa.; oprog·broltl, and °rom.jdtf n~ rob·bery llUl! acts of violence. _ bColPl-briJgp.n., Matbura, town of Mcient Jndi.. inthe neighbourhood of Agra, ?Am., TI.,.. ­bro»I-lJdll victorious CJ.; brom·IOOn.-.d/lJ(Kh. °1dom-ldu'I-dr, LJ. 0 ro...dnIWlUJ·,c. ·b>IPI-dUlI-Jr)~ C;': fictorious,&It.: 'tbe "ictorionsly consumma~', Btl,...Ie bien-beureus, the usual epitMt of Bud·dba, B.u·". I., 71.

~~..f.:r bMl-lJa, v••&1l-btJ: bnfl- • thingrom miued to • )IeI"lJOD" e~,,,,,l

:t~~=f 6Mt-pa,. \'erb of ita own, tboughas to fOI1ll ~mbling • parti­

ciple, ). to treat me<lieally, henee to curt,10 heal, 'l/11!(a Lymi bMHlt HI,.i he ~.nDOt

be cured even by lhe ~t physieW1' ,tltd.;bMI· (P'U) (obit the way of treating, themethod of curing 111M.; ,ma,,·bc."dol medicaltreatment Mal. -:!. to tlo (a thing) for thesake of nppellrMCe, for torm's $ake, to affeclbMI..,,,~ to perform _ sham work, e.g.blowing into a bLuing fire C.; hellce AS

sbst.: a false conception, wrong ide., Wdrp4 (laoi oC..,.;J.. btrr gyifr. ba. to giTe ''''''110 odd f:uacies, to have uot.ell& in thebrain, e.g. in COOteqUCDCe of old age '1"1tgy.- 3. panic.: blade or eontrinl! hy art,

148

lea Icags

artificial, feigned, fictitious, ma-bcos artless,

unaffected, genuine; it also seems to de-

note an absence of mental activity, or a

forbearance of exercising such activity, in

short that indifference to the world, which

is so highly valued by the Buddhist, Mil.

bcos-pai ras, or ras bcos-bu, washed or

prepared cotton-cloth (7s.; calico, chintz (7s.;

in S. 0. it seems to denote a costly, va-

luable fabric; beds -ma sbst. and adj., a

production of art, any thing made or con-

trived by art, esp. every thing imitated,

counterfeit, mock, sham, not genuine, frq.;

bcos-ma ma yin-pa natural, unfeigned, ge-

nuine, e.g. respect, reverence Glr. fsul-

bcos-mlean, one that is shamming, a hypo-

crite. Cf. cos-pa.

qj. lea, Ld. for Iti-ba, excrement, dung,

"* manure.

g'H* Icd-sga= bca-sga, white ginger, v. sc/d.

qj.q.Icd-ba 1. 6s.: a sort of carrot, Med.

3frq., but not known to the common

people, at least not in W. 2. iftfeH ace.

to Was. a garment made of wool or felt

Tar.

lcag 1. rod, switch, stick, whip; glan-

Icdg ox-whip; r/ta-lcdg kettle-drum

stick; lean- Icdg Lex. willow -twig, osier-

switch; rta-lcdg horse-whip, whip in ge-

neral, also a scourge, consisting of several

straps with sharp knots; spa-lcdg a cane,

bamboo Mil; b^-ma^-lcdg stick Mil. -

2. (Icdg -ma') stroke, blow, cut, hit, Icag

rgydb-pa to give a blow or cut, rtd-la to

the horse Glr.; mgo-lcdg (Ld. *go-lcdg*} a

blow or stroke upon the head; ^gram-lcdg

a smack on the cheek, slap on the face,

box on the ear 6s. ; fal-lcdg id. 3. fore-

part of a coat of mail Sch. 4. a kind

of Daphne, v. re-lcag-pa.

Comp. Icdg-rdo W. flint, Hint-stone. -

Icag-Jbrds Mil. whip-cord, lash of a whip;

Icag-Jbreit,and Icag-dno id. Icay-fsdn

=

rta-lcdg C. Icag-yu whip-stick, handle of

a whip.

WCH' Rag-lag Lex. w.e.

Icag-pod a girdle, made of plaited

and interlaced strips and resem-

bling a chain; one Lex. adds : ddn-mai Odril-

du lhds-pa (?).

Icags 1. iron, Icdgs-kyi of iron; Icdgs-

bton-mKan a miner digging for iron;

rgya-lcdgs Chinese iron; po -Icdgs an in-

ferior sort of iron, mo -Icdgs a finer and

better sort of it, 6s. steel (?) 2. ah iron

instrument, tool, esp. lock (of doors), fet-

ter, shackle, sgo fams - cad Icags btab - Hit

locking every door Pth.; *kdn-cag Idg-cag*

C. fettered on hands and feet; ynam-lcdgs1. thunderbolt, 2. a flash of lightning just

striking an object; me -Icdgs a steel to

strike fire with, fire-steel.

Comp. and deriv. Icags-kyu B. an iron

hook, esp. fishing-hook, angle; often fig.:

fugs-r)ei} or cos-kyi Icags-kyus Odzin-pa to

seize with the hook of grace or of religion

Dzl., Glr. and elsewh. --Icags-dkdr tin-

plate, white iron plate. Icags-skud thin

wire. - -Icags

- Kem or Kyem a spade.-

Icags- fcrol Sch. a big iron kettle (= W.

*cag-dol* stew-pan, large iron pan or pot?)

Icags -mgdr iron smith, black-smith. -

Icags-sgor iron pan.--

Icags-sgyid trevet,

tripod.--

Icags- sgrdg fetter, shackle. -

Icags- cds implements of iron, hardware. -

Icags -tig a kind of gentian, cf. tig-ta.-

Icags-fdg chain or chains. Icags -fdl 6s.

an iron dish or plate, prob. from fd-li. -

Icags -dregs (W. *cag-rdg*) 1. iron dross,

scoria or slag of iron; 2. dirt of the in-

testines. Icags-rdo 1. perh. more cor-

rectly Icag-rdo flint-stone. 2. iron-stone,

iron ore (?).--

Icags -prd U, a kind of

musket, imported from Rum (Turkey).

*cag-ber* W. an iron bar, crowbar, hand-

spike.--

Icdgs-mag, bed-mag, the Turkish

^- flint-stone, tinder-box W. --Icags-

an iron cribble or sieve, colander.

Icags-zdm iron bridge. Icags -zdns iron

kettle. *cag-zdn* C. good iron, steel. -

Icags-yyd rust Med. Icags-ri a wall en-

circling an estate, a town etc. - -Icags-

sldn a large iron pan for roasting or kiln-

148

artificial, feigned, 5ctitious,m~ 1ll1.1eas,unaffected, genuine; it also seems to df>.Dote an absence of mental activit)', or aforbetl.rance of exercising such activity, inshort that iDdifi'trence to the ....orId, ,..... bicbis 80 highl)' nlued by the Buddhist, Mil._ ~i ra,. or ru.I bMe-bu, "'·ll.shed orprepared cotton-doth Ca.; calico, chiou C•. ;in S. O. it seems to denole a costly, va­luable fahric; ~ - ttlfl !ibst. and adj., !\

production of art., nny tlung ronde or coo­trived by art, esp. every thing imitated,counterfeit, mock, sham, Dot genuine, frq.;bMf-ma ma yin-pa natural, unfeigned, ge­nuine, e.g. respect., re\'crence GIl'. - (nil­lK'Of.",fan, one that is dUlJnming, a bypo­crite. Of• •COe-pa.r-r INa, Ld. for iii - ba. excrement. dung,i) manure.~.~. ~'!JO' = bCa-aga, white ginger, v. •ga.r.: =;r [M-ba 1. U.: a sort of cam\, Mtd.:[ frq., but not known to the commonIJeopfe, nt lenst uot ill w: - 2. 1fi1lfI!l' ace.to Was. n garment made of wool or felt

'lar.1;1::1'1' li:O!J 1. rod! sWit~h, s~ick, whip; [Jial'­'i) '11M!! ox-whIp; rnll-lcdg kettle-drumstick· Iroij-1Mg I~z. willow-twig, osier­s~;teb; "to. _Udg hOl"5&-whip, whip in ge­neral, It.180 a seourge, cousisting of se,.ernlstrapi with sharp bots; lJfKJ-nag a caDe,bnmboo Jlil.; btr(-mG}lcug 8tll:k Mil.­2. (lbJg_.,a) stroke, blow, cut, hit, l~rgydb-pa to give a blow or cut, rlc:i-la totlle horse GIr.; ~Udg (LJ. ·go-Utitt) a1II0w or stroke upon ~be head; <1!"o.m-lcdgn smack on the cheek, slap on the faee,box on the ear 0..; faWtug id. - B. fore­l»Ir~ of llo coat of mnil Sc/t. - 4. a kindof Dnphne, .... ,·e-Itll!J-po..

Compo iMg-nlo n~ flint, lIinwtone. ­lla9-.lwd~ Mil. whip-cord, lash of n whip;lrog-.brbi, :llId ilug-d1ilJ i~. -:-Iloy./,an ­Tla-lidg C. - ii:ag-yU whl,..,mck, h:l.lldle of

a wbip.

~~~ ltag-lH!I Du. "·.e.

r-Fr;~· ii:fu,J-ptJd a girdle, made of plaited~ a.nd interbced strips aDd resem­bling a chain; one l .....r.adds: ddit1tai .drii­d" lAm.pa (?).

':.Fr-"f !i:(J!JI I. iron, IMgHyi of iron; img...3 Ltcm.-ml.'all a miner digging for iron;rgya-li:d!JI Cl,inese iron: lHJ -li:u!JI no. in­ferior sort of iron, nib -ltfiga n fioer nndbetler sort of it, u. Bteel (?) - 2. ali ironinstrument, ~ool, esp. lock (of doors), fet­ter, shackle, 'flO (ama - cad !i:a[Ja btab - ii,jlocking every door l'ili.; ·I.:div-i:o.g M!j-oog"C. fettered on bllods lind feet: f1lam-ltdgsl. thunderbolt, 2. a nash of ughtniog juslBtrikiDg liD object; m, ~ 1i:ri.!JI a stet'l tostrike fire with, fire-ste~1.

Compo and deriv. l(0!l'-J:!lil n. lIIl imphook, esp. fbbing-book, IIPglc; often fig.:(MfII·T}ft, or ro.-J:yi li:o.!I'"'J:~ od::iH-pa. toseiu wilh the book of grace or of-religioDDu., Glr. and elsewh. - li:agJ-dldr tin­plate. white iron plate. - lrou-kWd thinwirt. - li:ag~ - A'im or J!!li:m a spade. ­Ua!JI- "'roi &/1. " big iron kettle (- W."~01J-do'" stew-pan, llu'ge iron pan or pot?)_ lCags -mgdr iron smith, black·smith. ­iCQ[JNfJ6r iron pan. - lOOfp-'fI!Jid trtvel,tripod. - ii:u!JI- 'fI'-Qg leltet, shackle. ­lW!JI·1ds implements of iron, hardware. ­li:o.fII-tl9 a kind of gentian, cf. fig-tao ­ltagl-fdg chain or chains. - lla!JI-(dl W­an iron dish or plate, prob. from w.-li. ­/..Wgf .driga (W ·(UfJ-Td!f) I. iron dross,scoria or slag of iroQi 2. dirt of the in­teitines. _ li:agf-rdd t. perb. more cor­reedy l~ - rod flint-stone. 2. iron - stone,iron ore (1). - ICafia - pro 0, a kind ofmusket., imported from RUIIl (l'lltkey). ­·cag-be"- lY. "n iron bar, crowbar, hand·spike. - lCtigs·mU[l, bM-nlU[I, the Turkish

~ flint-stone, tinder· box. W; - 1tatfl­

flag. a.n iron cribble or sieve, colander: ­llage-::am il'OD bridge. - llafI'-::an' Ironkettle. _ ·i:ag-::un· (,~ good iron, steel­ltogt-r!J6 nast j/ttl. - Iiafp-ri a. wall cu·cireliBg an eat.te, a toown etc. - U~iWn a luge iron paD for l'O:lSl.Wg or kiln-

IF*149

li-nii-inti

(Iryinir TH. Icags-Sdn iron hoop, hasp,

Oramp-iron.- i;-<t<i*-xd iron ore ( s.

l(\tt/fi-/>si-n smoothing-iron Mi./''<''' - "'" willow, Salix viminalis,

almost the only leaved tree in Tibet,

iV<|. planted in the vicinity of villages;

rijt/i'il-lt-tiitthe specific name of this tree

in Kim.: /v;/)-Av///, si'i'-H-di'i different speciesof it; foah-dkdr Kun. a white kind with

birch -like bark, cf. so; lean - 16 willow-

leaves, 2.(arer)

matted hair, Icdii-lo-can,

or -pa, one with matted hair, a penitent;also n. of a place in ancient India, of

another in Lhasa, and of a third on the

top of the fabulous Rirab. 3. queue, pig-

tail C. - - /(<>// -rlom a flat willow basket

Ts. lean-sin willow-tree, willow-wood.

li-aii-sol Sch. : 'the red willow'.*tan-

siI* W. coolness, shade under a willow-tree.

ojr'(5jr*lean -Icon Cs. =san-s6ti a craggy* "place, a broken country.

arj- li-ain, also pyam, 1. lath, pole, rafter,

spar of a roof. In Tibet the rafters

arc placed horizontally, and support a layerof earth; in Mongol tents they are slant-

ing, supporting the felt- covering. 2.

also brag-Icdm, n. of an officinal herb

used for healing wounds Med. 3. <gyur-li-t'uit prob. denotes a glittering fish, or a

fish rapidly darting along- 4. v. Icdm-

mo.

* lciim ~ mc ~ b"> perh. variegated,

shining, dazzling Glr.

Icdm-mo, resp. for spun, and esp.

for siin - mo, ace. to Cs. also for

/'/// -?wa, a royal consort, a great man's

sister or wife: Iha -Icdm a princess ]*th.;

Icam-cvn a young princess or lady, a

young unmarried lady of noble rank; Icam-

drdl, mced-lcam-dral, Icam-sni'i brother

and sister.

Icdm -pa 1. n. of a flower Wdii.\

2. n. of a kind of vegetables S.g.

oj*a*IM-ba 1. sbst. (Ld. *lca*, Lh. *ci-a,

<r-<i*), dung, esp. of cattle; bed !</'-

ba, bd-lci cow-dung; Ici-skdm dry dung

(used as fuel), lei- rIon fresh dung. 2.

adj. heavy, \V. *cin-te*t ijait-lt-i

I. light and

heavy; 2. weight. *// i,-H dan-da c6-lfW. to b.-ilaiiM-

.-(jiiMlly, U) Counterp.with regard to food, perh. heavy, oppress-

ing the stomach: but also in a favourable

ftnMi substantial, nutritious; li-r : weighty,

important. Hyfd*kyi kye* dm, i>l,<i-*tul IH~Ixi tli-s in consequence of your weighty

presents and requests Glr.- 'ndm-toy Hn-te* W. hard of hearing: I.<i-n<i-ma-t6-ba

/('/' IKI a heavy, deadly sin, frq.

v.

Icin-te v. Ici-ba.

denotes a. things, which serve

to protect the hands, when havingto deal with hot or otherwise disagreeable

objects; so gloves may be called Icibs Sch.,

but esp. fsa- Icibs (W. *fsalcib*} pot -cloth

(to take pots from the fire), */v-M* '..

also *lay-cib* id.; hence prob. miy-lcib*,

resp. spyan- tt-ihs eyelid; / ///-/// ////-/>;/

sty, wisp in the eye, and perh. from someremote similarity syo -Icibs, sgoi ya- Icibs

the lintel or head-piece of a door; nya-Icibs fishgills, Lftr. and Cs.; b. contrivances

to facilitate the handling of different ob-

jects, as: the handles of pots and vessels,

the handles, hilts, bows, ears, loops etc. of

knives, scissors, pincers and other work-

ing-tools.

IHi-ba v. ycu-ba.

lcuy-pa ('., miufcn-lhui Lt\r.. flexible.

pliant; a supple branch: /'*// -/'//

byed-pa to bend repeatedly C&.\ Icinj-ma

a root-shoot of a willow or a poplar-tnv,a rod. switch; */////-</* ('. the bud of a

twig; Icuy-prdn a thin branch or twig.

Icugs, f/rf-yi /rw/s I.t.r. w.e.

K-uH-ka --skyuit-ku, jack-daw.

^* Iniii-mo thimble Glr.

v.

Hum Med.yleum-fsti < i?.: 'a plant, the

stalks of which arc used as a purga-

dr)'ing ('om. - llugA-Jd'l iron hoop, Il....p,cnlillp-iron - IltlfP-.o iron ore (" _NafJI-btrd smoottling.iron &h.

~'l::'~' ICd!i - JlWI willow, SAlix ... iminaJis,"lmOlit the onl)' lea\'OO tr~ in Tibet,

frq. JII"ut~ ill the \'ieillitr of \'iIInges;ryydl-U"'!i Ibe f:1~lic name of this lreeiu Kalil.; rdH-Uati, ';""UfI;, different speciesof it; lbvi-JJ:dr KWN. " while kind ",-ilhbirch -like bark, cr. .00; IMIi -16 willo""_18.\·cs, 2. (..-zT) matted haw, lUit-lo--oolt,or -1'a, ODe 1\'ilh maUe<J hair, II penilent;a.lso n. of a place in ancient India, ofaoother in Lhasa, and of a third on thetop of the fabulous ltirab, 3. queue, pig­tail C: - looH -rl&m a flllt willow ~ket

'/i. - IMIf·if,. "illo\\·-tree, willow-wood.- 1&J1i-U/ &1..; 'the red ""illo",··. _ -MH-•r n: eooln6S, sllade ondu a willow-tree.r.:,...~.ICaIi-lro,; C" -$(Iii-Mit a craggy~... -3"'" place, a bnlken country.r::.';{' 1ia,1t, al..o JigQ.., I. lath, pole, rafter,~ spar of a roof. III Tibet toe raftersare plat'M. IlOriUlntalJr, and IUjlport allLJerof emil; in }(oogol lents theJ arc slant_ing, sUPIHlrting the felt - co"ering. _ 2.Il.lso brag - Imlll, n. of aD officinlll herbused for healing wound, J1ftJ. - a. o!IYU'"lrolll prob. denotes a glittering fj.:h, or Il.

li:.b r~pidly darting along - 4. \·.IMm_....~;r~.,::r lMm-w-ba, perh. variegated,

shining, duzling Glr.

~;r~' lMm-l1lO, If!Sp. for 'pUN, IIntl esp.for 'nil· 1110, ~ce. to (.1. also for

eli,i-fIla, a royal consort, II. greal IUAII'S

sister or wife; I/m _ a'lim 1\ princess I'M.;fellln-cl;,; n young prim~ess or Indy, IIyoung unrnnrried II,dy ofnolJle rllllk; ICmll­drlit, mUd-fbm. -(/I'al, leam - ,,;~ brothel'lI.Dd sister.

~~'.:..J' lMm-1m I. n. of II. flower lVdH.;i. n. of a kind of vegetablC8 S.f/.

~..:::r lti-ba I. sbst (IAI. ·/l·a·, Lh. ·8-0,U-(l.), dung, esp. of calUe; bui m­

ba, lxi-lei oow-duug; lCi-Jk(htl dry dUllg(used Il5 fud), lei-rl6n fresb uWlg. - 2.Ildj. heavy, 11'. ·a'H~\ yw'-IN I. ligb,..nd

...heuy; 2. weight, ·!lff/i_N "dll-~'a N-U­IV: 10 hll1-.nce Njluilly, to oollnU!rro'~;

witll regard to food, perh. !Iea,y, lI"prell'"ing tile stomach; 1)lIt aho in a f""l)lIrabk~ILSe: substantial, nutritioutj fig: weigllty,important, fyM.Jy.' ,ly.-w Ii"'i bk_tMJl IN_bu. (In in COllseqllcn~ of JOin ..eightypresents ADd requCil!t Glr.; .""....~ H,,­t? u: hlltd of bearing; l'a-frl.-.a_(6-JH!lti bu. a heJn-y, deadly ,in, frq.

;;:._. '.'-..'" "idi)l au \'. IJ .

~-IT ICin-U T. l(t..ba.

~~~ 1M denotes a. Ibing~ ..hich t;er1'eto prolect tue hand!, \\ beu ha1'ing

to deal with hot 01' otberwise disag~ltobjects; I!O gtO\'cs mllY lie called ItiI» II..but esp. tI4-1HfM (Jr. -(MIlah') pol.dot•(to take poG from tlie lire). ·rt - 00' C.,lliso -'ag-Hh- id.; hen~ prob. ""'.J-IHtJ..rei]l. 'PJlaN -li:ibt eyeliG; ..;g - gi Inlc·(o,.sty, wi!p in Ihe eye, and perh. fro", lOmeremote similaritJ "JO -/Hbt, lIgOi !I(I-Im\IJe lintel or hell.d·piel':e of a door; ~1M fishgills, l~~. and (..i.; b.ooutrlVllOONto facilitate tbe blUldling of difl'erent ob­jects, as: the handl" of polS lUlU 1'CSlebl.,tbe bandles, hitls, bows, ears, loops etc. ofkoh'cs, scissors, pincers IlIld other work­ing-tools.

~:f' I,\H-ba \'. ,",-IxI.

~:rr~.lt':'9·pa(i.,lImYII-I~9 l.,u., ftexible..:s pliant; a supple branch; livy .ICiogbyifl-pa \0 beud rc~lItedlJ Ci.; IlitO-"'"a root-shoot of II willow or a 1l0plllr-tree,a rod, switch; -HtfJ- gu' C the bud of atwig; li:ufj-y,.dn " thiu hrMcll or twig.

,&'=l'l...V leu!!" gr;.yi NNfI' l~.r. "·.e.,,'.~'!:;''TJ' U,,~_l:a ... aJ:yiffl-J:", jaek.daw.

~'!:;~. lbili.fllo thimble Glr,

"~~.~. Ultd-pa Y. )·I"wd-}Ifl.

ti,!~. 100M Mtxl., UwIll.(/14 (4.; '. Illaut, the~ l.It.llu of Il hie-II are o!ed lIS a JIUrga-

150

Ice ca

tive';Icum-dkdr prob. another species of

that plant Med.

fa &g 1. resp. /ya<7s (f^Ig) tongue, Zee rkyan-" 6a to put forth, to show the tongue

Mil.; Ice bi*gyd-yis yon-tan cun-zad brjod-

par mis ma mcis even with a hundred

tongues we should not be able sufficiently

to praise the merit . . . Pth. '2. blade,

Ca. gri-lce. --3. (TOjf*0 thunderbolt, Ice

Jbebs-pai glog a flash of lightning accom-

panying a thunderbolt. 4. flame, me-lce.

Comp. Ice-kyigs the frenum of the tongueCs. Ice-cun uvula, Ice-cun Obab$ inflam-

mation of the uvula Med. lce-)'nyis-pa

double-tongued, deceitful, Ice-ynyis byed-pato be double-tongued. Ice-feb, lce- drd

a fleshy excrescence below the tongue Cs.

- Ice-bde a nimble tongue a babbler Mil.

Ice-spydn=

ce-spydn Thf/y., Stg.- Ice-

Jbur a swelling on the tongue Cs. Ice-

myan-fsd alum Med. - - Ice-rtsd the root

of the tongue, Ice - rtsd - can a letter pro-

nounced from the root of the tongue, a

guttural. Ice-rtse the tip of the tongue

Cs., Ice-rtse-can a letter sounded \vith the

tip of the tongue, a lingual. Ice-fsd-

(-60) a sharp-tasted, pungent medicinal herb

Med. --Ice-yzor a tongue-scraper Cs.

Y Iceg a coat of mail for a horse Sch.

tedb~Pa t S to kill one's self, to

seek death, esp. by a leap into the

water or down a precipice, but not everykind of suicide; also used of insects that

fly into a flame etc.

^'^n* lco-ga, also lcog-ma or mo lark.

Sjcn- Icog 1. B., C. a turret on a house-"" '

top, pinnacle (W. *speu*}.-- 2. v.

Icog-tse.

Icog-po prob. low, Icog-por skye (a

certain plant) is low -growing, it

does not grow high.

ojcrr^ Sjcrrif* ^9 ~ tse-> ^og -

rise, resp.*

ysol -Icog, table, in Tibet,

esp. in W., a very rare piece of furniture,

and always small and low; Icog-Kebs table-

cloth, Icog-tf.ebs btin-ba to lay the cloth;

rgya-lcog a large table, a European table;

mdun-lcog 'fore-table', a sort of table before

an idol, for spreading offerings on it, v.

e.g. Hook. I, 172; but it is not the same

as altar.

Icogs, zer-lcogs pronunciation C. (?)

Ic6g(s) -pa I. to be agitated, to

shake, to tremble, me- tog mgo-

Icog Zam. a flower shaking, waving its

head (little used).

II. 1. vb. to be able, de ma lcog-na if

(he) is not able (to do that); ji Icog-kyiMil. as much as possible, to the utmost;

*na-rdn-ghi gan cog-pa* C. as far as I amable. More used: 2. adj. able, sed-kyis mi

lcog-pa unable, feeble, weak, rig -pas mi

Icog -pa ignorant; *n fsar cig-la cog-pame'* I am not able to carry the whole at

once C.;*

cog -can* clever, skilful, handy,

*cog-med* awkward W.;

*tce cog mi dug*he does not get on with his mouth, he

lisps; also *Ka cog- pa* irreverent, dis-

respectful in speaking W. (?)

Sir-' Icon, sbol-lcon a frog in its first stage** of development, tadpole Pth.

X* va 1. the letter c, the aspirated c, pro- y. ca I. part, portion, share 1. opn. to the

nounced hard and forcibly, like ch in whole, ca ysum-du bgos divide it in

chap or church. --2. numerical figure: 6, three parts! brgyai ca ^foGlr.; ston-gi

ca-pa the sixth volume. ca J^TTJ ban-mdzod fsum-ca ycig one third

150

live'; [WRHlCar prob. another species ofthat pllUlL Mid.'t Ih 1. resp.ljafP (fttI) tonguellit riyali-

bo. \0 put fortb. to show the tongueJVii.; lh brgyd-yiI YON-tim ctll:'-::OO In]6d­par fttu .'0 fRCU e\"en with • hundredtongues we should not be able Sllfficientl~·

to praise the merit ... 1"rJ,. - i. blade,

Co. !Jrl-I><. - 3. ("I1IfiI) thunderllolt, /I,obN.-poi gWg a flash of lightning accom­panying Il thunderbolt. - 4. flame, mI-Iu.

Compo lWy(~ the frenum of Ihe tongueCt. - In-litli uvula. Iu-CuR obahs inflam­mation of the u''lll~ Mid. - lff.-""yf',padouble·longued, deceitful, {i't-rflyi' b,v«J.pato be double-tongued. - let.flO, itt-.drd11 fleshy excrescence below the tongue C•.- lh-lxM a nimble tougue 11 bobbler AliI.- l~dli - c~P!Jdil TII[I!h Stg. (et-oMr " swelling on the tongue C,. - fa­myOlJ.("i alum Mtd. - lct-rtMi the rootof the longue, lh- ".d - can a letter pro­nounced from the root of the tongu~, ngutlorn!. - lu-rtM the tip of the tongueC•., ltt-,~to1t IL letter sounded witla tbetip of the tongue, " lingual. - l~-(w­

(.oo)a sbarp-wted, pungent medicinlll herb-'ltd.. - lh--r..iJr A \OJlgue-sc.raper Y.

~ lCtg " eont of mail for a horse &h.

~q lMJ-pa to go to kill one's self, to-0' seek death, esp.. by a leap into thewater or dowo a precipice, bu~ Dot everykind of ~u;cide; also used of in8«13 tilstfly into flo !lame etc.

rf~ fM-ga, also fldg-m« or mo tark.

d)' lo 1. the le~ter l, the lWllimted t, pro­nounced hard and forcibly, like ch in

rhap or rAunA. - 2. Dumerical figure: 6,lfu-JXl the si:l.th volume.

i£' la

ar'::f[ Uog 1. fl., C. a tlllTtt on a bouse­i) top, piDDaele (W: -'1'"'-,. - 2. V.

lMg-IN.

~'=l'f::r IMg-po prob. loW, lCdfl-por Kj' (ai) cennin plll.llt) is low.gro ..... ing, i~does not grow high.

a;""'[<r af-'r~ /Idg-tu, IMg._, '"'P.i) 'i) r-ol-1tdg, table, in Tibet,esp. in lV., flo very rare piece of furniture,and always smnJl aDd 10\V; lrog-tRJt table­cloth, lrog-iiba btiiI. - ha to lay tbe cloilJ;rgya-li:dg a large table, " Euro~ table;lIIdun-lrog 'fore-table',,, sort of table beforean idol, for spreading offerings OD it, r.e.g. 1I00J..·. I, Ji2; but it is Dot the sn.meas 3htlr.

~'9'~' frogs, ::er..[rogs pronunciation C. (?)

f.::fJ'~rq IMg(,)-pu 1. to be agitated,to\ shake, to tremble, '»l~- tog mgo-

fUg Zum, n flower sbaking, waving itsbead (little used).

n. 1. vb. to be able, dt mo Ir6frno if(he) is not able (to do tbat); ji lMg-kyiA/fl. lIS much as possible, 10 the Uhllost j

-ito_rdli-gM !Jari rdg--pa- C. as far n.s I amable. More used: 2. adj. able. Ml.-!yiI INilrog-pa unable, feeble, weak, rig-fJO' ",ilrog-po ignorant; ->ie (t«r ny-Ia Mg-pa.t'- 1 am not able to carry the wbole atonoe G.; ·COg-mll- clever, skilful, handy,-log_mM' awkward IV.; -E{ Cog .i dug"be does llot get nn with his mooth, belil;pi; also - Ea COy - pfl - irreTerent, dis­re81)CCtful in speaking lV.(?)aiF-. lroil, 1bol·IMIi a frog in its first stagei)- of developwent, tadpole PtA.

d)' to J. part, portion. share I. 0(1f'. to thewbole, Co. J"Vlll-du bgot divide it in

three Ilarts! btY!lal' l-. Ib Gfr.; IIdli-fli1-. r.·..;ooit--mdztJd """,,,_lo r(:ig ODe thin!

'

,,/cd-ya

of the provisions />;/.: <Hmi <// /.S

/* nni /<'/-/><ir[\\cre being still wanting

as much gold as (the weight of)

his head Glr. ; nan -par siid - bai ca the

following day's first part, i.e. the following

im >rning Mil.;sd-ca a piece of land Glr.,

('., also land, territory, country in general,

!//un' sa-ca the country of Gha Glr. ; zur-

ca frontier parts, frontier province; ca-

snyoms at equal parts, equally, e.g. cu

xbi/ftr mixed with the same quantity of

water Lt.; ca-mnydm id., ca-mnydm bib

/>?!'</ accurately weighed in equal parts Lt;ca tsam, ca Odra team in part, in some

measure; ca ma Odra or ma mfiin-pa partly

not equal, differing a little; ca tsam ses

kyaii even if one knows but a little Mil.;

/////smon ^os ca tsam mi fdd-bas it being

not in the least desirable; ca-rdzogs being

complete in every part, entire, integral

Sch. - -Esp. 2. the half, ndm-gyi ca stod,

the first half of the night, ndm-gyi ca

smad the second, the last half of it. Hence

3. the one part of a pair, similar to ya,

iham ca ycig the one boot; era sgrig-pa

to pair, to match, to couple Sch.;an equal,

a match, ca-rnfun-pa, ca- drd-ba, C. also

*ca-ldn-wa*, similar, resembling Wdn. and

elsewh.; la-Id far-pa, ca-mfun dge-ba med

some have no virtue befitting (i.e. leading

to) final salvation Thgy.; ca-med without

an equal, matchless; cd-ma-yin-pa unfit,

improper, unbecoming Sch., nag ycog-pani ca ma yin not obeying will not do, is

out of place Tar. 110, 11. -- 4. a pair,=

zun Sch.;Zam. :

^pf.- 5. share, portion,

lot, mfsar -sdug bltd - bai cd - nas mnyam

being equal as to their (respective) share

of beauty Glr.;dmdn-ca Qdzin-pa to choose

the humbler (inferior) share, i.e. to be

humble,= dmdn-sa dzin-pa Mil.', in general :

ca Odzin-pa c. genit. to adhere, to be

attached to a person or thing 7V/t.; zi/i

rmo-ba nai ca yin ploughing is my business,

my lot, my department ZteA;ca-/a equally,

in equal parts, equally divided, fcd-ba ni/in

dgu mfsan dgu bobs, cd-la nt/hi infx<ni bco-

brgydd babs Mil. there was a fall of snow

during nine days and nine night*; it fell

equally portioned out to dav* and night-,

(together) eighteen (the peculiar mode of

reckoning is here to be noticed)

II. news, intelligence, notice, construed

like rgyu* and )'t<nn; ytdm-ca Odri-ba*~

ytam Odn-ba; ca yod, ca med like ryyws

yod and rgyus med; nam O ci"'// nml-kyi

cos the doctrine of the uncertainty of tin-

day of death Mil. ; . . . par ca mcis-te there

coming news or intelligence that . . .; Xv///-

ca v. skad; physically: voice, sound. l>rdy-

ca echo; intellectually: prospect, auspices,

Mil. : srog-ca prospects of life (as to it-

length and preservation), fyt'in- ca pro-

spects regarding the household, dyra-ca

prospects, expectations as to one's enemies;

*ldm- ca* C. prospects of a safe journey

(cf. 110 4).

III. thing, things, relating to clot In-,

ornaments, materials etc., cf. cos; *go-lux-

ca-fsdn* W. a complete suit of clothes;

but mostly used in compounds: ke-ca neck-

ornaments, glo-ca ornaments suspended to

the belt or girdle, e.g. strings of shells;

dgos-ca necessary things Cs.; mcod-ca

things necessary for sacrifices, requisites

for offerings Glr.; mfson-ca weapons; yig-

ca prob. writings, deeds, documents Glr.;

*re-ca* cottons, cotton fabrics C.; lag-ca

implements, utensils, goods, baggage etc.

Glr. - - There is still to be noticed the

expression: ca-bzdg-pa, lit. to add one's

own share to a thing, 1. to adhere, stick,

or cling to, to follow, obey (laws); sans-

rgyds-ktji l>kd-la ca bzag they adhere to

the words of Buddha; rgydl-fm bkti-la to

obey the king's commandment. '2. to refer

toGO c.

ca-rkyenLej., Sch.: 'share of destiny,

of fate; consequence of one's ac-

tions' (?).

cn-inktin soothsayer, fortune-teller

Sch.

'l-* hem - ed9e - border l*d-9a

Odebs-pa to hem, to turn in (the edge

of cloth).

~. ,,.of lile Iln::n'iliion, D:l.; llbui en IN.- ligrtb-!!yU Iffl,ld",-bllrthere beitlg still WlIntinltIIhOllt 05 milch gold ,,~ (the wei(;:lIl of)IIi" bead Gir.; ndn-Jlu.f' 'Ii!i-bai 1a thefollowing dny', first part, i.e. the followingmorning ,11ii.; W-ef. II Iliet.'C of land Gir.,('., aoo Iud, lerritory, counu')' in genel'lll,9"aj _la lIle eouutry of Gha Gir.; :rir­w. frooUer parts, fronller Ilr0vinC:Clj lo­,"yolN al eqUIU pll.r15, equally, e.g. tvJbyfl" mixed ""ith the same quantity ofwater Lt.; clI-mnydlll ifl., ea-llIn,ydm :ibbtr!J nccurlltely weighed in eqUll.l parts Lt.;ro tlam, ca .lira /lam in ptu"t, in somemeasure; ell. 'lila .dTa. or "111. _(iln-p« Il:,utlJnOl equal, differing II. liule; ell tta"l u.lyl'" even if one /rno" but" little Mil.;yid PIOn .01 en t:5anl ".j rdd-btu it beingDot in Ihe least desirable; la.-,Y1:Ixp beiOItcomplete in e\'eT)' part, entire, integral&11.. - Esp, 2. the hall, na'/1'9,yi ta "od,~he first hnlf of the nil{ht, mlm - 9,yi ea,mad the second, the last hAlf of it. lIenee3. the one part of a pair, similar to !JU,IMm ea rcif; the nne boot; ta '!Jri9-pato pair, to match, 10 couple Sen_; an equal,II mlll£h, 'la-Irl(lill-pa, la-.drli-ba, e-: .Iso"b.-lOil-IC(J", !imilar, resembling Uti.... llndellirewh.; la-ld (dr_p« ca_III(iln ckji-lJa mN.l\OlDe h:wc no vil'!ue befitLiDj:;' (i.e. lendingto) final snlvation TI.gy.; ca-ml(l withouton equal, matchless; cd.ma-yin-pa unfit,improper, un~oming&1•.• ico!! rMs-pani ta ""a 9i,. Dot obeying will Dot do, i>iout of place Tar. ItO, 11. - -4. a pair,­:I"i &J..; Zulli.: '!J1I'. - 5. shatt, portion.lot, tnf,ur - tdilg bltd. bai ld - W'II INnyombeing equal as to their (rcspec:tive) shAreof be.'\uty GII'.; dlllJll-la .d=in-JX1 to chooseIhe humbler (inferior) sbure, i.e. tn behumble,-dmdll"'lI.ddn~.Mil.; in general:(II .cl::ill _pa e. geniL to lldhere, to beattached to a pefSOn or thing I'IA.; Sicr"ffIJ...ba ;'oj co yill ploughing is my busio-,my lot, my department D:l.; la-Io equall)",in eqUIU parts, equlllly di\·ided, fa-b« 'ltyi_~ ",6an dgu. baht, 'd·la ";in ",(.all bi:o­brgydd babe Al17. there WllS l\ Iidl IIf ,M...

151

fluriOJC oine M.TS and nine nigb~; it fellequally Il/lnioUed ..ut 10 d"" lUId oighu.(together) eigh~n CUle peculiar DIode ofre..:koning i~ !Jere to be noticed)

II. news, intelligenet, notice, C(m~troed

like ryytu :lnd )'tmN; rtfim.c(• •dTj.ba_pam .,lri-bfl; M y«l, "la wttd like ryytU

yod and "!J!fIil' -'; lIa'" it (a 1IfiJ. _lyilot the doctrine of the llD~rtainty of lhed"y of death Alll.; .,. pur la INlit-u therecoming news nr intelligence that ... ; J.:dd­la v• • load; physically: voice, sound, brd[)­Ca echo; intelleetulllly: prospect, auspicel,Mil,: 'rOy- Ca pr06pects of life (as to ill>length nnd preservation). (ybn -eu pro­spects regMding the household, ~ - loprospects, expeclatioDs as to one', enemies;"ldlll-la- C. p~rcetl of " sale joumey

(d. .. 'J.III thing, things, rela~ing to clot.hes,

ornament6, matcrin\s el£., cr. [lUj "go-llU­la _tuM· W. a complete suit of c1ollies;but mostly used in eomJlOunds: ,).-i-eu n~k­ornaments, 9fo-ea OrnJ.IDCntl 'III pended tothe belt or girdle, e.g. 5trin~ of shells;d£Id- - ca necess"ry thin~ u.; 1IIldt:1- C.things ne«'SSllry for sacrifices, requisitetfor offerings Glr.: "1&6n·('u "'ClIopons; yifJ·In. prob writings. !leeds, document!> G&.;"r/_'[a· cottons, wtton fll.briCli C; lofJ- caimplemen~, utensils, goods, bAggage ek,Gir. _ There is 6till to be noticed theul'res.liion· l.,-6:d!J-pa, lit. to add one',o....n share to a thing, I. to adhe~, !!tick,or eling to., to follow, obey (t....· ); 1Q.ti..

r!19a.-!yi bI.:.i-l.a m Ray they adhere to

the word.s of lluddha; rgyal.,1Oi bk,i-la toobt:y ti,e king', eommllndmenl- 2. to refer

10(:') C.~,~. lll-rkyfflLu" &n.: 'share of d~Lin)"

.;; ) nf fate; consequence of one Iii ac­tion,' (Y).

~';"'P' ~o" soothtayer, lertune-lelJer

. 1ti-fI4 Mil, hem, edge, border; M-gcQ:If odAM-pa to Ilem, 100 tum in (mf' «Jgeul e:kll.h~.

152

cd-ga- bu

x*cn*Qn cd-ga- buC., Lex. also cd-ga-**

pa, grasshopper.

cd- co Lex., Sch.\ 'things homogeneous,matched'.

x*n* cd-ba, pf. and imp. so/i (the regular

form cas being nearly obs. at present),

in W. the usual word for Ogro-ba to go,

in B. little used and only in later writings,

1. to go, *sor-te cd-ce* to retire, to retreat

slowly; *da ca yin*, or *c?a cen* adieu,

good bye, farewell! *da cen zu* resp., your

servant! (in taking leave); *'d-ru-son* go

thither, or that way! *'d-ru ma ca* do

not go to this place, do not step this way!to travel, *gydl-la* (or de-mo, ydg-po) ca

zig* I wish you a safe journey, a pleasant

trip to you! *log-te cd-ce* to return, to

go or coine back;*tin-la cd-ce* to follow,

to come after or later; *ca cue/* let (him)

go! give (it) up! let (it) alone! to be gone,

consumed, spent, used, wasted, *siii mdh-

po ca yin* a great deal of wood will go,

will be consumed. - - 2. to become, grow,

get, turn, *fsan ca dug* it grows night,

it is getting dark; *gas cd ce* to grow

old; *ndg-po son* that has turned black;

*ses-/can cd-ce* to get information; also

with la:*

bag -ma-la cd-ba* (= bag-mar

Ogro-ba, Ogyur-ba') to become a bride Ma.;

*mdn-lami ca* this is not used for medicine.

- 3. with a supine (5.) or a verbal root

(col.): to be about, to be on the point, to

be going, sleb-tu cd-bai fse when they were

on the point of arriving Mil.; nyi-ma Ocdr-

du cd-ba dan when the sun was just going

to rise Mil.; *me si ca dug* the fire is on

the point of going out; *nad zi ca dug*,

the disease is decreasing. --4. with the

gerund it expresses a continuous progress,

a gradual operation, an effect by little

and little, *cu pel-te ca dug* the water

increases from day to day. 5. with the

inf. it is used in the sense of the future

tense, or like the Greek [iskheu: to intend,

to purpose, *ci srid-de dir srin-ce ca dug*

how long does he (do you etc.) intend to

stay? *nam lug sdd-ce ca dug* when are

you going to kill the sheep'?

x*n* cd-bu, a kind of little ornament worn^

in the ears Ld.

x-nr ca bydd I. thing, implement, instru-

'

ment, e.g. a musical instrument DzL,a surgical instr. Med. 2. clothing, dress,

mi-sdug-pai ca-byad-can poorly clothed,

ragged Ml; external appearance, also of

animals.

eS'xS&T ca-tsdm v. ca 1,1 .

^'ro2^'

ca-fsdd = cag-fsad.

<5*<3*3j'ca-fsdn species, division, class Sch.

$>"Ctf& ca- dzin v. ca I., 5.

"

ca-rdzogs v. ca I, 1.

x wx* cd-ra 1. oak, also mon-cd-ra (on

account of its growing only on the

southern ranges of the Himalaya mountains,

inhabited mostly by Non - Tibetans) in

several species, with pointed, evergreen

leaves, a tree much inferior in beauty to

the English oak. cd - ra preu Sch. : 'the

stunted or dwarf- oak'. 2. also ca-ri,

ca-li, ca-lu, a coarse sort of blanket made

of yak's hair.

4" cd-la v. ca I., 5.

cd-lag 1 . 6'. implements, instruments,

required for the carrying on of a

business. 2. W. things, effects, luggage.

3. Tar. 43, 18: cd-lag dan beds -pa

rdzogs-par ses-paSchf.: 'the systematic

and complete understanding'.

x-pjr' ca - Idn joined with rdeb -pa Lex.

and Mil., meaning not known; Wts.

gives: petite lance des bonzes.

.. cd - lam = hd - lam, some;

for the

most part, rather C.

"

ca-li, ca-lu v. sub cd-ra.

. ca -lugs clothing ,

costume, ap-

pearance.

r-jnr ca-sds part, portion, share, lus-kyi

ca - sds a part of the body, a

limb etc.

ca-hdr Chakhar, a Mongol tribe Sch.

152

a;·tll·~. cd·fJa-/m c., J--fJ:. also cd -ya­pa, grasshopper.

a:.:,'(( Cd·Co[.-u.,&h.: 'things homogeneolls,matched',

a;'.::r ed-ba, pC. alld imp. 3Qn (the rogulnrform cas beiog nearly obs. at present),

in lY. tbe usual word for oVro-ba to go,in n. little used and only ill later writings,1. to go, ·sdr-te cd-M' to retire, to retreatslowly; *da ca yin·, or ·du ?en" ndieo,good bye, farewell! "du len ZIt" resp., yourservant! (in taking 10u\-0); ·'u-I'll-Bll/i* gothither, or that Wfl.Y! .. 'd .. IOU ma cu· donot go to this I)lace, do not stC[1 this WilY!to travel, *flydlrla* (or de-mo, yug-po) 1!azif! r wish yOIl n sufe jouroey, a plensanttrip to you! *u;g.u cd-co" to return, togo or come back; "(ili-ta cd-bf to follow,to Come after or later: *i!a Cu9* let (hilll)go! gh'c (it) up! let (it) alone! to be gone,consumed, spent, used, wasted, ·iJi,; md,;­po ca !lin· a great deal of wood will go,will be consumed, - 2. to become, gl'tlW,get, tUTn, ·{san ca duf! it g-rows night,it is gettiug dark; ·!1a~ Cd i:e'" to growold; ·nog-po oWn· that. hus turned black;·m-llan eO. - ce· to get. information; nlsowith la: °bdfl_ma-Ia ld-ba.· (-=bdo·muroflro-ba, eII!Jur-ba) to become 11 bride .Ma.;·mdn-lrulli ca· tbis is not {Ised for medicine.- 3. with 1\ supine (lJ.) or a verbal 1"00t(co1.): to be about, to be on the point, tobe going, slib-tu Cd-hai {ae when they wereon the {loint of arriving Mil.: nyi.ma o<!al'­du cd-ba dali when t.he sun II'lIS just goingto rise Mil.; ·me iii ea durt the fire is Oil

the point of going out; ·n«<l zi la dUfl,the disease is decl"easinl{. - 4. with thegerund it e.xprcsses a continuous progress,a gradual operation, an effect by littleand little, ·Cu pel- te ca dU(J· the waterincreases from dar to dny. - 5. with thein£. it is used in the sensc of the futuretense, or like thc Greek !IEHw': to intend,to purpose, ·i:i iJrid-de dir Arili.<e Fa dUf!'how long does he (do you etc) intend tostay'? ·nam lu{/ fOO":e ea duff' when areyou going to kill the sheep'?

a;':r: ca-hJr

d)'~ cd-flU, a kind of little ornament wornin the ears Ld.

a;'5f' ca b1Jdd 10 thing, implement, instnl·1 ment, e,g. l\ musiC/II instrument D::l.,

0. surgical instr. Moo. - 2. clothing, dress,1Ili,wlly-pal la-byad· i:an poorly clothed,ra;.:'gcd Mil.; external appearance, also ofaDimal~.

a;'~' ca·tsJm v. ca I , J.

d;'~' ca-(sdd = cag.'sad.

a;'~~' ea·'sdn species, division, class &h,,.

tS'Q"E.~' 'Ea·od;:m v. ca I., 5.

~''f=l}~' ca.l'dzdtJs v. ca 1, I.

tt,'~ ed·ra 1. oak, also mon· 'Ed - 1'(1 (ona.ccount of its growing only 011 tllc

southern muges of the I-limo.laya mounL.'Iius,inhabited mostly by Non· Tihet:llls) inseverol species, with pointed, evergreenlellves, a tree much inferior in bco.uty tothe English oak. eli· ra i)l°CU Sch.: 'thestuDted or dwnrf·oak'. - 2. also la- rioca--li, ca-LU, " coarse sort of blanket madeof yak's bair.

d)'Of ed·hl v. ca 1., 5.

d)'o.J::Jf cd-lag 1. C. implements, instruments,required for the carrying on of It

business. - 2. IV. things, effects, luggage._ 3. 'j'w·. 43, 18: cd· /60 dmi bi:cis· pa'O(wigf _par des· '[Xl &ltf.: 'the systematicand complete understanding'.d)'e,n:.. ea - tait joined with ."(/ib· pa Le.l.

lmd Mil., meauing not known; IVes.gives: Iletitc lance des honzcs.tS'e'o:r eli ·lam - hd· lam, some; for the

~ most part, rather C.

~'ot, d).~' ca--li, la-hi v, sub ca-f·a.~

d)'~.I:l}-~f la ·If,lIs clothing, costume, ap.""" pearance,

d)'..a~ ca..sdf part, portion, share, lltf."'!!i> I ca -.tas f\ part of the body, u.

limb etc.

d)~" ca·/uir Chakhar, It Mongol tribe &h.

cag 1 . dry fodder for horses and other

animals, as hay, barley etc.; cag-

;;// trough, manger, crib. 2. the fourth

finger Ml. - 3. resp. for shoe Glr., also

i/<t</(-lh(hn). 4. cag-peb-pa Glr. = />////

peb-pa.-- 5. the breadth of a fist, cag

(/(i/t id, M/II/. frq.-- 6. v. cdg pa.

c<i</-(d)krum(s) piece, frag-

ment Lex., Thgy.', *cag-furn-la sou* ('. it has gone to pieces.

XOTffra* tag -skya -ba Sch.: 'having only

one purpose, pursuing but one

aim; unremitting, indefatigable'.

cag-ga-cog-ge (or pyag-ga-

pyog-get} various things

mixed up or thrown together, medley.

J" cag-grum Lex. = cag-dkrum(?}.

vag-cdg I. 1. with byed-pa, Odebs-

pa, to sprinkle, besprinkle, cus

with water, Kdn-pa, Idm-rnams the house,

the streets B., C. (W.*cab -cab*}.

-- 2.

Sch. : cag-cag ydab-pa to starch, to stiffen.

II. W. cag-cdg co-ce* to tread, to trample,

e.g. the narrow paths or furrows between

garden-beds; to clap the hands.

"

cag-cdd rent, break, rupture Sch.

cag-dum fragment, piece, crumb,

scrap, bit.

"

cag- dhl doubtful, incredible Sch.

cdg-pa 1. a large tuft or bunch of

flowers, ears of corn etc. 2. pf.

of Ocdg-pa, broken; ma -cdg(s)

-pa, and

esp. adv. ma -cdg(s)

-par also cdg

- med-

l><tr uninterrupted, unintermitting ;uninter-

ruptedly ; gas-cag

- med without a crack,

flaw, or chink. 3. lam cdg-pa \. Q cag-pa.

cdy-po broken; a broken vessel,

pot etc., a pot-sherd ; tsel-(po) my(-po) a broken dosser or pannier.

cdg-bu, diminutive of cag -pa, a

little bunch.

?dg-mo bunch, J'ds-bu cdg-mo a

fruit growing in the form of bunches

153

or clusters, like the grapes of the vim*.

the berries of the elder etc. W.

XOT^r cdg-tse a small grain, e.g. of ground

grits, *cdg-txe-can* granulous; */i//-

pe cdg-tse -can* ground grits, W.\ Hind.

soojee.

tag-fsdd Sch.: the right measure.

dug ster cag- fait! if a sufficient

quantity of poison has been administered

to a person, Med.

tag -sin a wooden splint for a

broken limb, *cug-ce* to put it

on W.

c&^^J'^r cdgs-pa I. frq. for cdg-pa 2.

II. vb. to be begotten, produced; ma-

cdgs-pa not begotten or produced in the

usual way of propagation, but = rdzus-te

skyes-pa, or Ihun-gyis grub -pa Pth. frq.;

mndl-du cdgs-pa to be produced in the

womb, as the foetus is; hence tag* in

compounds: animal, Odab-cdgs, ysog-cdgs

winged animal, bird; srog-cdgs in general:

a living being, an animal, = sems-can;

Oprid-gyi fsul-tdgs Glr. prob. as much as

a wonderful child, a prodigy; sin-la cdgs-

pa to grow on a tree, of fruits; and in

general: to rise, arise, spring up, originate,

of the world, of new works, buildings,

empires, customs, of eruptions on the

skin; *zil-pa cogs son* W. dew has fallen;

to come forth, to appear,- J>yun-ba, e.g.

^6d-du cdgs-pa to come to light, to appear

Mil; *nul cogs* W. sweat comes forth,

breaks out, I perspire; even: rdb-tu cdgs-

pa = rdb-tu Obyun-ba to become a cleric

(little used); cags-rdbs genesis, history of

the beginning, esp. of the world; tags-

fsul 1. manner of beginning, origin, pro-

creation Med. 2. W. form, figure, demeanour,

*cags-fsul sog-po* coarse, rude, rough.

III. 1 . vb. to love, (tQav\ bu - mo - la

a girl; skyes-pa da/I na-cun ycig tags-pa

the mutual affection between a man and

a maiden; tender attachment in general,

connubial, parental and filial love, yid-la

cdgs-pai bit-mo-mams my dearly beloved

daughters l*th.-} ardent desire or longing

~. 'lug I. Iky fodder (or bol'RS "od otheranimals, as bay, barley etc.; 'h'9­

r:ON trough, mauger, crib. - 2. the fourthingtr M«1. - 3. rc p. for shot Glr., .liGi>",<-I"~). - •. bog-p;i>-pa Gir. - P'''!!i""· JM. - 3. the breadth 01 • fist, 'lag!JR;' id. -"Itg. frq. - 6. v. ltig-pa.

'""fC ~("l:r '-9{dJ'riom(.) p;.... "'9-'" ment La., Thr/y.; °coy_

Ullu.Ja IOfiO C. j, btu: goue to pieces.

Wlfy.::r 'lag-J.:yo. ba &4.: ',having oDly~ one purpose, pUNulng bot one

Aim; unremitting, indefatigable'.

.fi'["[~"t bog-go-tog-gi (" ,iy"!!-go­1~!J09 - Un) vlU"ious thin~

mixed up or thrown together, medic),.

~~. rtlfJ-fJ/1illl Lu. - cag-dkdf.m(?).~

~;rr.:r cog.rgydg-pa to doubt &11.

~cS=![ cag-Cdg 1. 1. with 6~, .dfbe.pa, to sprinkle, besprinkle, eu.

"",'itb wtLlU, la,;...]XJ, ldm--manl.l the bouse,Lbe streets 11., C. (IV. °lab - cu6·). - 2.&Jt.; lU!J-&ig rdaiJ..pa to starch, to stiffen.

11. W. 'Mg-ldg M-bt0 to trtad, to trample,ego Lbe nano" paths or furrows betweengarden-beds; to dap Ute hands.

~t!l'" lag.b7d rent. break, rupttJrt &It.

~:;'.q' lag-ditm fragment, piece, cl1lmb,..... Icrap, bit

£=lT~~~' t0o-.,dli. dtubtful, incredible $rh.

~:r 'tdo-pa I. Il large tuft or bunch of6o'A'ers, ears of corn etc. - 2. pf.

of _cdg - pel broken; ma ~ i!dg(I) - pal andesp. ad\'. ma - ldg(I) • pa,. also cdg- "lId­pa" uninterrupted, UDintenuittingj uninter_ruptedly; g"' ~ CO!! _mid without n crack,naw, or chink. - 3. 10m '(a!l.pa ". ;fay-po.~:r "/tly. po brobn; a broken velsel,

pol etc., a pot·sheNl; tuHPo) '!d}(-po) A broken dosser or pannier.

..;;m-q 'My - bu, diminul.i\'e of rag ~ pa, a~ -I.... little bunch.£=lT6f 1dg~_ bunch, _br~ ld9-fttO •

fruit growing in the form ofll1mcbei.

,..,or dllJ~, like the gralltl of LIIe "i1M',the berrietl of the eteler etc. lV,

%.Q't~ trig-1M a .mall grain, e.g. of grcMlnd.....- -\ grits, -'ld!/"taN:1I11- granutOUl; .b4fl­pe ldg-tK-call- grouad griu, W:; IJutd.1OOj«.'""f~. t,,!!-Mi Sol, the right .......

dNg lUI' 'lag-fMid if • lUfficieatquaDlity of poison ha& b«n IdlDi~to a person, Mtd..%.QT'1i!::. lag -lill a wooden s,tint for •"'" -I . I'" broken limb, .Ct.g' u· to put iton W:

~'f COOt-PIl 1 frq. for cdg~pa 2.

II. vb. to be begotten, produced; -..~

ld!l'-pa not begotten or llrodu«d in lheusual way of propagAtion, but _ "d:tit-UIlryls-pf.l, or 1M"" - gyU !Jl14b.pa PIA. frq.;",ltjfil-d" Mgt - 1'4 to be produced in thewomb, I\S the foetus is; hence co!!' incompounds: animal, .dab- '&ifl', J*'!!- 'ldgtTt'inged Mimal, bird; mJg-cdtfl in gen~ral:

• Ji,"ing being, :m nnima!, _ '"" - call;.,pn,i-gyi r,IlI-M!1' Gi,.. prob. as mooh as• wonderful child, a prodigy; jbf-ln c~po to grow on a tree, of fruits; and iDgenenl: to ri$e, arist, spring up, oriFWe.of the world, of new works, buildings,tDlpires, customs. of eroptions on theskin; ·::il"ftllagt .- II: ~w b. fallen;to come ftrlh, to apptar, - .byini-bn, e.g..4d-dK ldgt-pa to eGrDe to light, to al'peIU"Mil.; • liNl cOfl'· w: $weat ccmes forth,bruu 01,1," 1 perspire; enD: rdlJ..tM ldgt­po. _ rail-I" o"titiJi-ba to become a cleric(little used); lagt-f'dbl genellil, history ofthe beginning, esp. of the ....·orld; (tiff'""

(sUi I. mAnner of beginning, origiu, pro­crentionMcJ. '1. W: form, figure, demeanour,·'!uys-tltilldg-po· CO/In;Cl, rude, rough.

HI. 1.l'b. to love, (1(!O1'), bt.-IftO·lao girl; J...ytr-pa dtvf M-Cti... r8g ldgt-po.the mutual Affection between a man anda maiden; tender .ttaehrn~nl in general,eODllllbial, pan-otai and filial loYe, yid-la'ldgl-pm bM-'-,..UII,tI my dearl, belol'eddAllgklentftA.; ardent de;ire or looging

'0'

•

"

can

154

for something, grdgs-pa-la for glory; to

be attached to, to cling to, e.g. lus dan srog-

la cdgs-pa to life, yul-la to one's home,to one's native country; often: to suffer

one's self to be enticed by a thing, to

indulge in; cdgs -par mi bya Jigs-par mi

byd-ste allowing neither desire nor fear to

have any influence upon himself Samb. -

2. sbst. love ((>ws), lust, passion for, affec-

tion, attachment, cdgs -pa skyes- so he fell

in love Dzl.; cdgs-pa spyod-pa = /rig-pa

spyod-pa. According to Buddhistic theoryall cdgs-pa is a great evil, as it betrays

a troubled state of mind, and a repre-hensible attachment to external things ; yet

even a saint, so far advanced in dispassionand apathy as Milaraspa, may sometimes

be caught in very tender affections and

sensations of cdgs-pa, very like those of

other human creatures.

Comp. cags-sddn \ . Schr. love and hatred,

2. Glr., Pth. jealousy (love showing itself

in hatred), also cags-sddn-gi prog-dog.-

cags-spyod coition, copulation, cf. cdgs-pa

III., 2. cags-zen, also zen-cdgs cdgs-

pa sbsi.Mil.;*cags-zen cd-ce* W., to love,

c. la; cags-zen med-pa dispassionate, in-

different to all terrestrial things. cags-

sems = cags- zen. cdgs

- sred - can Pth.

lustful, libidinous, wanton.

rr can resp. skyems , ysol-can,

mcod- can C., a fermented liquor,

beer, wine, (not 'brandy' Sch.); bu skyes-

pa-la min, can drdns-pa-la yfam proverb :

to the new-born child a name (is due),

to the beer to be drunk a talk; nds-can beer

made of barley (the usual kind); bras-

can of rice Glr. grd-can of wheat Cs.; bu-

ram- can, or bur-can of sugar Med.; rgun-

can wine; sbrdn - can Med. honey - wine,

mulse, mead? rus-can Med.? --zds-can,

zdn - can eating and drinking ,meat and

drink. slon-, tig-, and bsu-can v. sub

bdg-ma. Fig-* btun-ba dran-ses bdud-

rtsii can my drink is the wine of wisdom's

nectar Mil.

Here the process of brewing may be

mentioned. When the boiled barley (Ld.

*sbo-bod*, Ts. *fab*) has grown cold, some

*pabs* (q. v.) is added, after which it is

left standing for two or three days, until

fermentation commences, when it is called

glum. Having sufficiently fermented, some

water is poured to it, and the beer is

considered to be ready for use. If propercare is taken (and the people of U and

Ladak generally do so), tbe pale beer,

thus obtained, is not amiss, and sparkles

a good deal, but not being hopped it does

not keep long. The people of Lahoul are

accustomed to press out the glum with

their hands, instead of filtering it, and

mismanage the business also in other re-

spects, so that their can is a gray muddyliquor, that has hardly any resemblance

to beer. The residue of malt, called sbdn-

ma, may be mixed with water or milk,

pressed through a strainer, and used instead

of barm in baking bread, cakes etc.

Comp. can- /can beer -house, pot-house,

tavern. - - can - can drinking-cup or bowl

Sch,

Wts. -- cdn-cem-can an intoxicated

person. cdn-cem-sa Lex. prob.- cdn-sa.

- can -Qtun - m/can a beer-drinker; *cdn-

Ofun-Kan mdn-po dzom* a great beer-

drinking bout takes place W. *cdn-dad-

can* a drunkard, tippler W. cdn-fsugs=

can -can Sch. cdn- fson-gi Kyim beer-

house Dzl. cdn-sa \. beer-house 2. beer-

carousal, cdn-sa cen-po byed-pa to give

or arrange a great beer-drinking bout Mil.

<"<$* can-cun a little Sch.

XT- cad 1. also cad -don, cad-mdo, W.'

*cdd-ka*, promise, engagement, agree-

ment Ka-cdd oral, verbal engagement, lag-

cad pledge of faith by hand;

cad - don

byed-pa, *cdd-ka co-ce, zum-ce* W., to give

a promise, make a contract; yton-(bai)

cad(-don) byed-pa to agree about giving;

cad-don Itar byed-pa to keep, fulfil a pro-

mise;cad-rdo 1 . the stone which is broken

in the ceremony of rdo ycoy- pa q. v.

2. monument, memorial of a covenant.

2. in compounds also for cdd-pa punishment,lus-cdd corporeal punishment.

for something, grags-pa-Ia for glory; 10be attached to, to cling to, e.g. lt~ (Llii 8rdg­la ldy8-pa to life, !Jill-Ia to one's home,to one's native country; often: to liufferone's self to be enticed by a thing, toindulge in; cags-par mi bya Jig8-par 'fijilnJd-Bte allowing neither desire nor fear tohave any influence upon himself Samb. ­2. sbst. love (t(lw~), lust, passion for, affec­tion, attachment, 'tags-pa Bkyh-&Q he fellin love Dzl.; 'tags-pa sp!Jdd-pa _ ofrig-paspyOd-pa. According to Buddhistic theoryall cags-pa is a great evil, as it betraysa troubled state of mind, and a repre­hensible attachment to external things; yeteven n saint, so far advanced in dispassionand apathy as :Milaraspa, may sometimesbe caught in very tender alIections andsensations of 'tag8 - pa, very like those ofother human creatures.

Camp, c(lgs~dd,i I. Srhr. love and hatred,2. Glr., Pth. jealousy (love showing itselfin hatred), also 'tags-WUi-gi pr~. ­lag8-8pydd coition, copulation, cf. lags - paIll, 2. - cag8-Zffl, also zen--ca[J8 = cdgs­pa sblOt. Mil.; -raga-zm M-?:e' lV, to love,c. la; caga-::cn mid-pa displlSsionate, in­(lilIercnt to all terrestrial things. - cag8­8bn3 - Cag8 - Un. - Cdg8 - 8red - can l"th.lustful, libidinou$, wanton.J}:..' Can (~) resp. sJ.ynm, }"aol- cwi,

mOOd-lan C., a fermented liquor,beer, wine, (not 'brandy' Seh.); bu Bkyh­paola mili, cali dl'a,i8-pa-lar£am proverb:to the new-born child a name (is due),to the beer to be drunk a·talk; nds-lwi beermade of harley (the usual kind); bl'd.!­cwi of rice GI,.,; gro-cali of wbeat C8.; M­ram-cali, or bUr-cali of sugar Med.; "!fiin­Zan wine; sbrd>i - can Med, honey - wine,muIse, mead'? rus-lanMtd.~ - Zd3-CaH,zan - cali eating and drinking, meat anddrink. - slmi-, tig-, and lnu-can v. subbag-ma, - Fig.: btll1i-ba d,.an-!lf3 bdud­rnii can my drink is the wine of wisdom'snectal' Mil. -

Here the process of brewing may bementioned, When tile boil~d bllrley (LL

-sbo-b6d'", Ts. -(ab-) has grown cold, some-pahs- (q.v.) is added, after which it io;left standing for two or three duys, untilfermentation commences, when it is calledglum. Having sufficiently fermented, somewater is poured to it, and the beer isconsidered to be rendy for use. If propercnre is taken (and the people of G nOllLndnk generally do so), the pale beel',thus obtained, ig not nmiss, and sparklesn good deal, but not being hopped it doesnot keep long. The people of Laboul ureaccustomed to press out the [llum withtheir hands, instead of filtering it, andmismanage the business also in othr.r re­spects, so that their la>i is a gray muddyliquor, that has hardly any resemblanceto beer. The residue or'malt, called aban­ma, lUay be mixed with water or milk,pressed through a strainer, and used insteadof burm in baking bread, cakes etc.

Compo Zdn - J.'a,i beer· house, pot. house,lavern. - l"dlj. - tan drinking - cup or bowl&ft, Wt3. - cdli-lem-tan an intoxicatedperson, - 'tdli-Cem-3a l.-t~. prob. = ca';--lla.- 'tdli - o(U/i - 1IIian a beer.drinker; 'elM­o{un - flan md,; - po dzom- a great beer­drinking bout tAkes place IV. - -cali-dad­can- a drunkard, tippler W: - cdli-(stf[ja­lali-can Sel, - eali-o{so>i-[ji Ifyim beer­house Dzl. - 'tun-sa 1. beer·house 2. beef,carousal, cali-sa em-po b!]Cd - pa to gi,'eor armnge a great beer.drinking hout Mil.

a;:,:~: ca4-c(lIi a little Se!l.

~. cad J. MSO cad - d6n, lad - mM, lV.-cfid-ka-, promise, engagement, agree­

ment ~'a-cdd oral, verbal engagement, lllfJ­cdd pledge of faith by hand; cad - donb!Jid-pa, -tdd-ka Cd-a, zUm_ce9 tv., to gh·ca. promise, make a contrlWt; ft6,; - (bar)((I(l(-<1on) byid-pa to agree about giving;cad-dJn lta" lnJM-pa to keep, fulfil a pro­mise; cad-rdd J. the stone which is brokenin the ceremony of rdo y?:6g7pa q. v,

2. monument, memorial of a covenant.. ­2. in comlKlunds also for Coo-pallonisbment,Ius-cad eorporeal llUnishment.

r (</</ -f>a I. sbst.

, resp. bka -

punishment: the preceding genit..

contrary to our usage, is the genit. of the

punishing person, thus: rgydl-poi cdd-fn

a punishment of the magistrates, i.e. a

punishment decreed or inflicted by the

magistrates, frq.; seldom, if ever, genit.

of the punished action, and never that of

the punished person. In classical language

the usual construction of the words is the

following: cdd-pas ycdd-pa to punish, mi

zig- la somebody, . . . pas or ... pai pyir

for having...; in more recent literature:

aid-pa }'cod-pa Thgr., Glr.; cdd-pa fob-pa

1. to receive the fine incurred by another

J. to suffer punishment, to pay a fine;

nd-la $dd-pa pog punishment is inflicted

on me, I am punished.

II. 1. to promise, e.g. bkd-las mi ^gdl-

Imr to obey. 2. v. sub Ocdd-pa.

III. adj. begotten, born, descended from;

the Tibetans are sbreu dan srin-mo-nas

(or las) cdd-pa the offspring of a monkeyand a Rakshasi Glr.; sd-nas cdd-pai bu

a full child Glr.

'dd-po 1. rent, torn, worn-out, ragged,

tattered, sgyi-gu cdd-po a leaky

purse. 2. a limited time, a term Sch.

__.^.j_. cad-yig a written contract; cad-

'

mdl-gyi yi-ge Glr. id.

--.j-y...... cdd-lus-pa not to obtain the

things hoped for, to be disap-

pointed Sch.

r cad -so 1. a limited time, a term.

2. a time-purchase Sch. 3. an

agreement Tar.

jry- can, also can-fug Sch., boiled corn or

barley etc.; Obras-cdn rice-pap, nas-

cdn barley-pap.can -pa a pair of scissors, but the

common people know only shears,

which are for various purposes; the scissors

mentioned in surgical books are prob. of

a nicer construction.

M- cab, resp. and eleg. for "cu 1. water,

dri-cdb scented water; sna-cdb, pyi-

cdb, water which at the beginning and

close of the meetings in the large mo-

. _T. ,'i

nasteries is handed round, and of whi li

every one present takes a few drops on

his tongue, as a symbol of purification,

in place of the original ablutions. 2. for

other fluids, as spyan - cd/> tears, Zal-?db

spittle, ysan-cdb, or fab-yndn urine, ba-tab

cow's urine (so with the Hindoos in /A, the

cow being to them a sacred animal).-

3. in some compounds: power, dominion,

authority.-

c<ib-rkydn brass can. brass-

(tea) pot with a long spout for pouringout tea, W.', also n. for Tibet, perh. on

account of the large consumption of tea

there. - cab - feu it privy( x. - - fab -

*g6

door, cab-sgo-pa door-keeper, porter.-

*cab-dd* (spelling dubious) a wooden pail,

of a similar shape as cab -rkydn W. -

cab-brom, cab-rom ice. --cab-bluy C. a

vessel for rinsing one's mouth with water.

cab-mig eleg. for cu-mig fountain, spring.

- cab-fsod eleg. a watch, a clock. cab-

^6g what is subjected to a person's sway,

territory, dominion etc., cab-^og-tu sdu-ba

to subject; cab-^og-gi rgydl-po a vassal,

feudal tenant Trig.; cab-^oa-pa, also cab-

Obdiis one owing allegiance to a sovereign,

a subject.--

cab-sog Cs. eleg. for letter,

diploma etc. - - cab - set' eleg. for en

matter, pus.

cdb-ma W., C., also Mil., lid, valve :

buckle, clasp, cab -tee, or %db - rtxe

C. id.

cabs Lex. tabs-ycig Sch. = fabs-yHg

together.

cam, in Mm -la Obebs-pa LAT. w.e.;

Sch. : to throw down, to cause to lie

down; to subdue, subject; to spend, con-

sume, to have done with; by this last sig-

nification it would be a syn. to zin-pa,and the circumstance that cams is used

in Balti as an auxiliary vb. of the pf.

tense agrees with that supposition, e.g.

*zan zos-se cams* I have done eating,

zos zin B.

tdm-pa 1. cold (in the head), ca-

tarrh; sne-Zdm id.; gre-?am catarrh

in the throat, bronchial catarrh; glo-fdm

catarrh in the lungs; rims-tdm an infect-

a;-"f cdd-l'" I. sbst., resp. bka-llid,1 punishment; the Ilreceding genit.,

contrnry to our usnge, is lile genit. of tbepunishing person, thus: ryyfi/-pO( rod'JIllII I,unishment of the mngistrates, i. e. ,.l'ulli"hment decreed or inflicted by theIlIf1gistratcs, frq.; seldom, if ever, genit.of the punished action, and never that ofthe punished !Ierson. 1u c1assicallnnguagetile usuAl construction of the words is tbefollowing: ldd-pll3 rMd-pa to Ilunish, lIIizig - la somebody, ... pa3 or ... l)ai l;yirfor b:wing ... ; in more rectltt literature:lli,l-pa )'W-pa Thyr., Glr.; edd-pa fdb-pal. to rt!eeive the fine incurred by llDother'1. to suffer punishntent, to pny Jl, fine;lid-la eMfa pog punisllment is inflicted011 me, J nm punished.

II. 1. to promise, e.g. bkd-Iu8 mi o!ldl­b,1I' to obey. - 2. v. sub oldd-pa.

III ndj. begotten, born, descended from;tbe Tibetans are Wrm dmi 3rin_mO_nlV

(or l(8) ldd-pa the offspring of 1\ monkeynnd 1\ Rnkshasi Glr.; 3a-nfl.S ldd-pai bu1\ full child Glr.a;-:;::r lad-po 1. rent, torn, worn-out, ragged,

1 tattered, 3gyi _ flU iJdd - po a leakyIIUfSe. - 2. a limited time, a term $th.C;...~~ lad - yig a written contract; cod­

1 mld-g'li yI-yc Glr. id.C;~lra~r'r ldd-lu8-pa not to obtain the

things hoped for, to be disap­pointed &1,.a;....~ cad - 80 1. a limited time, a term.

1 _ 2. a time·purchase &11. - 3. anagreement Tar.~ can, also 'Can-tug &h., boiled corn or

barley etc.; obras-Cdn rice-pap, tUIS­

cdtl barley-pap.a;Jj'f cdn-pa a pair of scissors, but the

common pcople know only shears,.....hich nre for various purp08es; the scissorsmentioned in surgical books nre prob. ofl\ nicer construction.~. cab, resp. and eleg. for Ct~ 1. water,

tlri-lab scented water; 8ria-cab, pyi­ldb, Wl\tcr which nt the beginning IUldclose of thc mectings ill th'1 1I.~'gc, m~

nasl.eriell is hllnded round, and of whichevery onc present ta.kfll a fe1\' drop' onhis tonguc, u 1I. symbol of purific.t.ion,in placc of the original ablut.ions. - 2. forother fluids, as 'pya1/. _lab tean, lal-ldbspittle, )'Sari-cdb, or lab-piIIi. urine, ba·lobcow'. urine (so with the Jlindoo. in/-A., thecow being to tbem .. sacrel! animal). ­3. in some compounds: power, dominion,authority. - cab - rbyin bra" can, brus­(tea) pol with a long spout for pouringout ten., IV.; also II. for Tibet, perl.. onaccount of the large consumlltion of 16

there. - cab -l.lhi privy G,. - 'Cab - 3fJddoor, lab-sgo-l)U door-keeper, porter. ­"lab-1d' (spelling dllbious) II. wooden pai~

of a similar shape lIS lab· rl.ylifl lY. ­cab-bI'6m, lab-r6m ice. - cah-blUg C. .."'essel for rinsing onc's mouth witb ,,·atcr.lab-mig eleg. for cU_lIlig fountain, spring.- cab-6Qd cleg. a watch, a dock. - cab­~dy what is subjected to Aperson's 8"·ay.territory, dominion etc., lab-~Og-tu rdil-bato subject; "lub-~dg-gi t'fJlJdl-po a vassAl,feudal tenant Ttifj.; lab-~Og-pa, Also lab-­..bail3 one owing allegiance to a sovereign,a subject. - cab - 30g (.'5. eleg. for letter,diploma etc. - cab - sir eleg. for Crt -,;,.matter, pus.~.~. cab-lIIa W., C., also /IIil.• lid, vah'e;

buckle. clasp, cab - tlt, or Cdb· flu

C. id.~~. lcWt Lu:. cabs-rHfJ &/1. = tabs-rHg

together.a;.;::l' lam. in edm-la obDA-1'4 Lu. w.e.;

&11.: to throw dOllm, to cause to liedown; to subdue, subject; to spend, con­sumt', to hay! done with; by this last sig­nification it would be • syn. to ::in.]Xl.

allli the circumstAnce that lam3 is ~dill Balli lIS an auxiliary vb. of !lIe Ilf.tense agrees with thAt supposition, eo g.·zan zc,-.t lan.," I ha,'e done ellting, ­:c. :in JJ.~'.:.r clilll..1'4 1. cold (in the Ill~Ad), ca·

tarrh; nlt'-lfim id.; tp't-lmlt catArrhin the thfOAt., bronchial C1'tarrh; f!lO-lfi/Hcat,arrh jn the lungs; M».,-l,lm au infect­,

156

cam-me

ing or epidemic catarrh. 2. 6s. =pa accord, accordance.

cam-me slowly, by degrees, graduallyfSfA/'. (cf. cem-me).

car, termin. of ca, 1. into parts, e.g.

bgd-ba to divide into parts. 2. as

an equal, as a match, . . . la car mi podhe is not an equal to, cannot come upto ... Thgy.; . . . dan stoh -prag - car mi

nye prob.: he does not come up to ... at

all(lit. not for the thousandth part) Pth. ;

so in a similar manner: brgyai car yahmi sleb Tar. - - 3. affixed to numerals,and sometimes, though less correctly, writ-

ten car, q.v. The terminations of the cases

mag be affixed to it: Ina cdr-gyis everyfifth day Thgy.

X^ car, also car-pa, 1. rain, car cen-poa plentiful rain, car drdg-po, or drag-

car a heavy rain; car cen-pas or cd-bas

as it rained heavily Pth.', car Obebs-pa to

cause to rain; car Jbab it rains, W. *car-

pa yon*; cdr-qyi rgyun a sudden or violent

shower of rain Tar. 2. at Kyelang for

watering-pot; this utensil having never beenseen there before, the word was at first

applied to it jestingly, but is now gene-

rally adopted; cu-fsdg 'water-sieve' wouldbe more correct.

Comp. car-skyibs a shelter, pent-roof, pro-

tecting from rain. car-Kebs dress against

rain, rain-cloak. car-can, cdr-ldan rainy6s. cdr-cu rain-water. -- cdr-dus rainyseason. - - car -

Odod (-byeu) n. of a bird,

water-ousel. car-sprin a rain-threateningcloud. -- *ca--W(?) C. rain -cloak. -

car-rlun rain and wind 6s.*car -sin*

=car-skyibs W. car-len the coping or

water-tile of a wall 6s.

"

cal, sku-cdl resp. belly, abdomen, 6s.

cal-cil Lex., wavering, fluctuating

Sch.

cal-col Tar. 184, 20 = Qcal-la-

O col-le.

cdl-mar brddl-ba to spread

equally, uniformly (vb. a.)

\. cds-ka) cf. ca III., 1. thing,

tool, requisite etc., se-mo-do-la sogs-

pai cds-kyis brgydn-te adorned with or-

naments of pearls and other things Mil.;

dga-ston-gyi cas rgya cen-po grand festival

arrangements; cas de-mams bsig overturn

the whole affair! Glr.; bag-mar rdzon-bai

cas things to be given to her as a dowryTar. 121, 5; Icdgs-cas iron tools or uten-

sils; ltd- cas food; dmag-cas military stores,

requisites for war Pth.; Ofso-cas provisions

Mil. ; lag- cas tool, instrument 6s. 2.

dress, garment, po-cas man's dress; cas-

gos, W. *g6n-ce*, coat, dress; in a more

general sense : appearance, form, shape, bud-

med-kyi cds-su bydste appearing in the

shape of a woman Glr.;hor-cas byed he

puts on a Mongol dress Ma.;bu-moi cds-

su zugs he puts on a girl's dress, disguiseshimself as a girl Glr., Pth.', cas sgyur-bato put on, to assume another dress.

<5$pq- cds-pa, originally the pf. of cd-ba,but always used as a separate vb.

1. to set out, set forth, depart, cas dgds-paras I must depart from here Thgy.; bod-

du cds-so they set out for Tibet Glr.', dus-

)'cig-tu cds-so they departed at the sametime Dzl.; cds-su Jug-pa to send away, dis-

patch; mgyogs- cas yton-ba to rush, run to-

wards. -- 2. to set about, to begin, j'sdd-

par to kill; ^gro-bar cds-pa-las when hemade arrangements to depart Dzl; also in

the following manner; da pyir Odon-no zes

cds -pa 'now we will return' they said,

making preparations, or: saying thus, theymade preparations Dzl; fugs cds-so he hadset his mind on departing Mil

cb* ci num. fig.: 36.

(S'^TJ*ci-ka wallet, knapsack W.

*'y ci-tra W. variegated, figured, of fabrics,

onomatopoetic word for

snuffing up scents by the nose;*zim-zim M-ma ci-li-li Kyer* C. sweet odoursof cakes are meeting us; me -tog dri-maci-li-li the perfumes of flowers are per-

ceptible Mil

1M

~·it cam-me

~ &is (&A. ldl-,{oa) cr. lo. lIT., I. lhirtg,too~ requisite etc., .Now-dtHa •

]J'Qi la._kyU brgyd".u adorned lPo,ith or­namenUi of pearls anel olher tbings Mil.;dga..wJn-gyi car~ lin-po grand festi.alarn.ugements; lar ~T>IalHl biig o.erturDtbe wbole aJra.jr! Glr.; bti!J"ffUU' rd:O".b.,ilar things to be gi..en to ber as a do",,'ryTar, 121, 3; lbigt-ltu iron tools or uten­ails; .it~lcu food; dmaff"lat military stores,rcqUliJltes [or war Ptlt..; .(l6-ca, prorisiODSMil.; lag - Call too~ instrument lA, _ 2.drns, garmen~ tid - (al mll.D', dress; ~as­gO., IV: ·!JOn-'lI·, cont, dreilSj io u. morcgeneral sense: appearance, form, shape, 00(1.mtd -lyi ~d, - Itt h!ld,te appearing in theshape of Q woman Gb·.; M"'~(n1 hyed lieputs on a Mongol dress Nit.; hU'71wi cd,­'~ :u.g. he puUi on a girl's dress, disguiseshimself as II. girl Gir., 1"111.; las '9!1"r-hato pu~ on, to assume aDother dress.~'.::r zu,-pa, originally the pf. of C(j-ba,

but aJlI'nys used III a separate vb.1. to set out, set lorttl, depart, tta dfP-para.s 1 must depart. [roIl,i here Tltgy.; hQd.

dll, Ms-llll they set out for Tibet GIr,; dill­}'!'g.tu <'"dt-to they departed at the snmetlllle Dd.; tl"dI-tu .Jit!J'1'4 to send :l."<fa)', dis­palGb; ""9ydg1-ccu }'tOH-OO 10 M1sh, run to­

~. -:- 2. to set about, to begin, }-.6d­par to kill; o!IrO-bar la.-pa./alI wben hemade arrangements to depart Dd.; also inthe following mllDnu; do hir .do~ito Znrn.-.1'" 'now we will return' tbey said,making prepllr.ltions, or: &aying Ibus, lheymade prepnmtions D.:l.; tU{fl cdHo he bad6et bis miod on departing .Mil.

~. Ci. num. fig.: 36.

:3'''1' '{i-ka wallet, knapsack .v.:is'':;' iii-tra IV. variegated, figured, of fabrics,

:t.~. Ca·~1i·fi onomatopoetic word forsnuffing up scents by the nose;

·~i_ZiJlI t}i-ma 'll-li-U 1l!JW. C.s",·ec~ odoorsof cnkes are mceling us; mJ-tog drl-man-/i·fi the perfUIl,ie$ of flowers are per­ocpubl••Vi/.

ing or epidemic catarrh. - 2. w. _ &im-p« accord, accordance. •

~·it Mm·wu! slowly, by degrees, gradualty&It,.. (d lnn-mJ).

~. lar, termin. of la, 1. info parls, e.g.lJg6-ba to divide ioto p&IU. _ 2. as

an equal, as a match, '" la 'tar Jlfi jxJflhe is DOt an equal to, cannot come up10 ••• TJ.!l!I'; ... dan ,tOIi-fn"og_&w mj

'Ii~ Ilrob.: he does not come up to ... atall (lit. DOt for the thousandth pan) PM.;80 in a similar manner: brgyai car yanmi ,II/) Tar, - 3. affixed to Dltmtrals,and sometimes, though less correclly, writ-­ten ear, q.v. The terminations of the casesmAg be affixed to it: lila 'ldr-f/Yu everyfifth day 7'hgy.

$" lar, nlso car-pa, 1. rain, lar 'till-POII. plentiful min, ear d,.d.!I'"]X), or dl'UfJ­

/far D hctl.vy miD; cur cm-ptu or U-bo.liS it rained heavily Prll.; car obN»-pa toeMse to rain; lay.bah it mins, IV: ·'u,,,1'« yoil-; 'lar'w<1!fl' rgytl# & sudden or violentshower of rain Tar. - 2. at Kyelaog forwatering-pol; this utensil having ne\'er beenseeD there before, the word "'tIS at firstapplied to it jestingly, but is now gene-­rally adopted; O&-(qg '~ter-sie"e' ""ouldbe more OOm:d.

Compo mr-YryibJ a shelter, pent...ool, pro­tecting from raiD. - car-lib. dress againlltnUn, rain-doak. - ldr-mn, fal'-iJ(nI rainyG. - ld,...lu rain-water. - ctiNitu rainyseason. - lar-.d6d(-hytu) n. of a bird,water-ousel. - lar4prin a min-threntcningcloud. - 'car -MlO (I) C. min - c1Ollk. _~ar-rl.ili min llnd wind c.. _ "lar-Jii<·- lar-.J.yiu. II~ - lar-lhi the coping orWllUlr-tile of a wall Cs.

~' lal, M'u-~til resp. belly, abdomen, G.

(~.'),rl~' lal-Bl La., wnvering, Iluctuatiug&h.

~';Y;.r iraJ-Ml Tar. 184, 20 - .lal-la­.000-h,

cY'..J.~~t::.r.::r ltil-wtm- brddl-b<t to sprudeqnally, uniforml)' ~b. a.)

159

one, as the first part of

compound numbers: cig-bbu 10, </>/-

a 100, ci(/-sfon 1000, <///-/// a myriadetc.; also: <-i</-rki/<hi /,*./., <SV7/'. : 'separate,

-ingle, one alone'; r/y-.s/y/.s J/,,/., *<

:

itj-idit

Ml. f ;/-/-///A ii. of a plant ./JAW.; &-A.

:I!MI:r-iy-fiib-pa to be able to do a thing

alone; ciy-dril Mi. : rolled, wrapped, packed

up (in one parcel or bundle); r/V/-A;A />y&-to talk to one's self, to hold a soliloquy

'^T cid-pa v. pyid-ba.

c$-_pa equal, uniform, suitable <SV7<.

l>s(-pa) resp. horse, riding-

horse, saddle-horse, abs-la Oab-

pa (for rfcWa zon-pa) to get on horseback,

to mount; to go on horseback, to ride;

fibs -las yzol-ba to dismount, "cibs zol-la

naii* ('. may your honour please to dis-

mount; Kydd-kyi cibx-su Jbul I give it youfor a riding-horse Mil.

Comp. cibs-ka Krid-pa to lead a horse

by the bridle Schr.; cibs-Ka fub-pa to have

the command of the bridle, fig. : to be ex-

pert in ruling Ld.-Glr. p. 14, a, Schl. where

j\i/ibs is incorr.). cibs-cds a horse's fur-

niture, harness ( is. cibs-fur the head-pieceof a bridle. cibs-dpon a master groom,

equerry.- ;//-/ a stable for horses.

^ cu I. num. fig.: 66.

II. sbst. (resp. cab) 1. water; cu <///

sai bu is said to be a poetical name for

wood; Obdb-cu lit. descending water, viz.

brook, river, also rain. --2. brook, river,

cu Kydm-po overflowing rivers, floods

Ma.; fd/t-cu a river or rivulet of the plain;

ri-yzdr-cu cataract, mountain torrent Glr.

3. water in the body: snyin-cu dropsyin the pericardium, pdys-cu anasarca Mfd. ;

pdys-cu-ziigs one suffering from anasarca;v. also cu-sfr; esp. euphem. for urine; mi-

cu urine of men, bd-cu of cows Med.; cu

ni cu Odra the urine is like water Med. -

4. v. cu-zc/i.

Comp. cu-ktioi river, e.g. cu-klun gan-

gd the river Ganges Dzl - - tu-klt,.

'the body of a river', yet v. /////*. - fa-

i/ki/fl the middle of a river. hi-rkydl aleather bag for water C. -- cu-skdd the

voice of the waters, the sound of rushingwater. cu-skdr, ran-luy-cu-kor water-

mill (ih: -cu-skyur n. of a bird 7'///y.,

Mi. : 'bittern, snipe'; also n. of a plant. <4-

skyur I. Lt.\ acidulous mineral waters 2.

C.: vinegar.-cu-*kyh 'water-born', the

lotus Glr. cu-skydr a handful of water.

cu- Ka the bank or brink of a river.

cu-Kuy bay, gulf.- cu-J&r containing

water, po. for cloud; a native proposed to

use this word also for sponge, which is a

commodity hitherto unknown in Tibet. -

cu- Kyil puddle, pool.--

cu-ydn 1. full of

water. 2. = cu-sydn (v. -s^///) which latter

is prob. the more correct spelling. :i. Dzl.

M^S, 2; %&?, 18 = ^nq virtue, hom-ty.v. Schf. on this passage.

- -cu-yn a sort

of knife; Tar. 43, 1 Schf. razor; also the

attribute of a god, a weapon with a curved

blade Sty. cu-yrdy Sch. : rivulet, brook ;

dish-water, rinsings; 'boiled water (?).- cu - mgo C. source or head of a river.

-cu-ydys stoppage or retention of urine,

ischury. cu-ydys Jbiys the ischury is re-

moved (lit. bored through) Mi<l. - cu-

O ffi'dm bank of a river; cu-grdm-gyisin a tree on the edge of a river, a me-

taphor for frail and perishable things.-

cu-ryyun the streaming, continual flow-

ing, current, often fig. cu-sgun the wa-

ter-egg, po. for moon Mt. - -$u-ndgs v.

iioys.- -

*cu-ta-gir* W. flour-dumplings,

boiled in water. *cu-stdn* W. swaddling-

cloth. *cu-fdg*W. calamus, sweet-scented

flag, or some similar plant. cu - fum

Sch.: 'a swelling in the flesh, or a tumour

filled with water'. cti-mfd the side or

bank of a river, *cu-td tsiig-pa* (the ava-

lanche came down) even to the river side,

- cu-ddr H '<//-. a small prayer-flag stuck

up close to the river, in order to avert in-

undations. cu -diig Sch. : 'a poisonous

plant, hemlock', but Tibetans usually un-

derstand by it the stupefying power ascribed

to certain rivers. cu-ddii a deep well.

~ e.g - )'Hg one, as the first fllut of(.'Ompoulid numbers: ({g-bn~ 10, 8g­

brgyfl 100, c{g.,tQ71 1000, n!J.Jrri a U))'l'illdetc.; also: ciU-rJ.:yd/i La" &/11'.: 'separnte,single, one nlone'; Cifr4l.yh JI1~I., cifJ-M"Mf(!.t - Ci!J-f1i!J u. of 41'1ll.ot Mtd.; &/1.ul;;o: ns-(itb-l'll io be nble to do II. thin/(alone; ci!J-f1ri1 Se;": rolled, wrapped, packedup (in one pl\rcel or bUlIdle); ci!J-ldb bgbl.­JKl to tllile. to one'lj self, to hold a soliloquy&111'.

k(~' Cifi(.) v.,,'li,;-ba.

~:;.'~' Cid-pa v. P!lfd-ba.

~.:::r~' i"ib-pa equal, uniform, suitnltle &/1.

~~(':f) abl(-pa) resp. horse, riding-horse, .addle-horse, [;bl-Ia obb­

pa (for rld-la Mll-pa) to get on horseback,to mount; to go on horseback, to ride;'filA-la. rMl-ba to dismount, ''Nbi !:til-la1Imi' C, mn)- your honour please io dis­mount; I..:"ld-I..;;; 'HbtJ-IU /ml l gire it youfor ll. riding-horse Mil.

Compo 1!l'btJ..A;a J!dd-pa to lead a. horseby the blidle &hl'.; Cibl-I..'a (itb-pa to havethe command of the bridle, fig.; to be ex­pert in ruliug I.-(I.·GII'. p. 1<1, n, &hl. whereJlyilA is illcorr.). - i'!ibs·c(i. a IlOrse's fur­niture, harnesses. - i"i!Ja,(uI'the head-pieceof ll. bridle. - cibl-dpdll 1I lllo.ster groom,equerry. - MIA-I'd a stable fOI' horses.

~. lu I. Dum. fig.: GG.

B. sust. (resp. lab) 1. water; ('U dUli•ai 1m is said to be a poetical n:lme forwood; /xib-clt lit. descending waUJr, ,·il:.brook, river, also rain. - 2. brook, river,hl ,,(ydm-po overllowing rivers, floodsMa.; (rb'·ffi a ri"er or ri,'ulet of the Illain;l'i-r::dr.hl cataract, mountain torrent Gir.- 3. waleI' in Ihe body: ."yi,j. ru drops)'in tho pericardium, ptlg••ffi anasarCA M«l.;pag,-~.z'19' one suffering from lUlnSareA;Y. also CU.,&; esp. euphem. for urine; 11lt'­

m urine of men, ba-eu of cows Moo.; ('It

tli m oclra the urine is like wal.er Mtel. -4. v. Cu-~M. -t '1

Compo (;l-H,i,j river, e.g. Cll-Hul; gllli-

gtl the river GAD/ol'eI 11:1. - IN-kM,, u.:'the body of a river', yet V. kloH. _ I"u­d1yjl lhe middle oC A river. - n,-rk!fdl aIentileI' bAR for Willer C•. - n-kd<! thevoice of the waUJrs, tile 80IInd (Jf rUHhingwater. - ;tu.d-Qr, Ta,j-ttig-lu-d-Qr water­mill Gfr. - lil.,Ayu,· n. of a Lin! 1'119'1"&n.: 'bittem, snipe'; also n. of a plant. - ev­1I..·!j1il' I. /.,t.: acidulous mineral waters 2.

e,: vinegar. - ru-J.·yh 'wllter-bom" thelotus Gfr. - 'i!rt.-sJ.y,r a hll.ndful of water.Cit -1'a the bank or brink of a rin:r. _en -!lItg bay, gulf. - Cu ."It"r eont/l.iningwDter, po. for cloud; a Dative proposed touse this word also ror sponge, wllicli is acommodity hit.herto unkoown in Tibet. _rn-"R!Jf1 pUddle, pool. - 'Cu-gdn I. full of"'·lIter. 2. = Cu-igtlli (". 'yan) which latteris prob. the more correct spelling. :1. Dzi.?1o$, 2; :(;::>"?, 18 - lJif:f virtue, hone~ty,

v. &1,j. on tbis po.ssago. - rn-gri l\ sortof knire; Tar. 4.3, I &1,j ruor; also the:lttribute of a god, A weapon with Acur"edblade Sfy. - Cu-" &h.: rh'ulet, brook;dish - wAter, rinsings; 'wiled water (?).- I!u. 111$0 C. source or head of a nVl'r.- ("U-gags stoPIIll.ge or retention of urine,ischury, lu· gay' ,,In'gl the ischury is re­mo\"('d (lit. Lored through) Jl(i!l. - Cit­ou"dm bank of Ii ri"er; Cit· gram. gyi.un a tree Oll the edge of & rirer, " DIe­131'hor for frail and J1erishable thiugs. ­C'u - T!l1!'in the streaming, continUAl no....··iog, current, often fig. - Cu-'!IUH toe WA­

tcr-cgg, po. for moon &11. - Cu-Jf6g1 v.;/(398. - -lu._tu.gt·r· 11'. Oour_dwopling$,boiled in water. - ·Nl-.t/ill· n~ swaddling.cloth. - -lu.(tirl W: ellb,nlus, sweet-sct:ntedflag, or some similAr plant. - k - (1I11U&h.: 'e. swelling ill the Ol:sll, or .. tumourJilled with water'. - ,-,"-m(ri the side orbank of a ri"er, -n,-fd t'''[Hl(j· (the aVll.­lanche came down) e"cn to the ri"er side.- (11-{((I" Will.. a sluall PI'AJu·tlag stuckup close to the ri"cr, in order to uert in­undlltions. - {(., - d"U $cn..: '. poisonousplant, hemlock', but TiLcWls u",uallJ uu·,lerstnud h)' i~tlle stupc.f)'iug power ascribe;]to certain n,-ol'8. - m-{lM a deep welL-

cu cu

cu-mdd a jet, a spouting forth of water

Med. cu-mdd fmouth (of a river), spout

(of a tea-pot)' Sch. ; but v. mcu. cu-

mdog the colour of urine Med. cu-rdo

C. small rounded pebbles, as in brooks.

cu-ndg inundation, flood (?) Ma. -- cu-

rndg matter, pus Sch. cu-snod 1. pitcher,

jug. 2. Schr.: chamber -pot (yet in W. at

least this article of luxury is not known).-

cu-pa water-carrier. cu-pydg-pa is

enumerated among other synonyms to gru-

pa, signifying a ferry-man, water-man.

cu-prdn a little river, brook. cu-bdr \.

('between the waters') isthmus, neck of land.

2. p. n. of a place in Tibet. cu-bdl n.

of an aquatic plant Wdn. -- cu-bun white

paint for the face Sch. cu-bor 1 . bubble,

also cui cu-bur 2. blister, bladder, vesicle,

e.g. occasioned by a burn or a vesicatoryLt. 3. boil, ulcer, abscess Thgy., 4. sai cu-

bur a word describing the foetus five daysafter conception Thgy. cu-bur-can \.

n. of a hell Tkgy. 2. the eye Schr. cu-

bo river, frq., cu-bo-ri n. of a mountain

with a monastery two days' journey from

Lhasa G-lr. --cu-byd a water-bird; Sch.:

cu-byd dkdr-po swan, cu-byd mgo-dmdrstork (not known in W.). cu-byi water-

rat Sch. cu-lbdg v. Ibag. cu-sbur I. Sch.:

'driftwood and the like', prob. more cor-

rectly : thin pieces of wood, chips, chaff etc.

floating on the water. 2. water-beetle Med.- cu- stoul water - snake

,not a mytho-

logical conception, like klu, but a really

existing animal, though for Tibetans a

somewhat faboulous one, as they have ne-

ver seen the creature itself. The eel (Sch.)can hardly be meant by it. cu-mig 1.

spring, fountain frq. 2. n. of a vein Med.

cu-rtsd v. cu-cu, as a separate article.

-cu-fsdgs i. a strainer, sieve, 2. watering-

pot.- - cu-fsdn 1. hot water, 2. warm

water, not too hot for drinking Med. 3. a

hot spring Sch. cu-fsod 1. the clepsydraor water -clock of ancient India. 2. clock

in general, cu-fsod- K6r-lo a wheel-clock.

3. the Indian hour = Kyim or 24 minutes.

4. the European hour; W.: *cu-fsod nyis

ma leb* it is not yet two o'clock. cu-

Odzin po. cloud Mil. - - cu- rdzd earthen

vessel for water, water-jar. cu-zen (Lex.

ffftWTf) long and broad, area, superficial

extent, cu-zen Kru-brgydd-pa eight cubits

long and broad Dzl.; also cu-zeh-gdb-pa,

e.g. cu-zen-gdb-pa-la dpag-fsdd brgydd-cu

Glr.; cu-zen-srab-fug in length, breadth

and height; also separately: cur dpag-fsdd

3Y*oo, ^n.fiu y^ ^voo ?mfa-skor-du dpag-

fsdd ?oooo ydd-ya 2500 miles in length,

2500 miles in breadth, 10000 in circum-

ference; yet except in this connexion cu

alone is never used for length. As an-

other signification of cu-zen-gdb-pa Schr.

mentions moreover: proportioned, symme-trical; others have: beautiful, great, con-

siderable, which e.g. is its proper meaningin: cu - zen -

gab- pa nya -

grodha Stg. the

stately fig-tree. cu-zem water-tub. cu-

zld 1. the image, the reflexion of the moonin the water; a sort of deception of the

senses by witchcraft. 2. the water-month,the first month. cu-yzdr a large ladle Cs.

- cu-bzom a covered bucket for carryingwater. cu-^6bs water-ditch Sch. cu-yarcol. water-rat (?) cu-rdgs dam, dike. cu-

ri 'hill of water', billow. -- cu-rud water

rushing in, inundation, deluge. cu-rldbs

wave, billow Dzl. cu-ldg the arm of a

river Glr. cu-lud Sch. dung, manure^?)cu-16 n. of an edible plant S.g. cu-

I6g floods. -- cu-tin, dam, dike Tar. 56,

15. Lis. cu-sin wood drifted away bythe water = cu- grdm-gyi sin v. above; or

the translation of ^i^ft plantain or ba-

nana-tree with its spongy wood, in the

place of which the Tibetan thinks of the

^6m - bu,

a shrub of similar qualities ,at

any rate a symbol of perishableness, of

the frailty of life. cu-sun Sch. surface

of the water (?) cu-sel v. sel. - - cu-

}'s6ti Dzl. 9&Q, 17. a ravine containingwater. cu-sd river-mud, as manure.

cu-ser 1. animal water, serum, whether

normal, or of a morbid character Med.

2. matter, pus. cu-srdn, = -^ cu-fsod, i.e.

a minute; the Indian or Tibetan minute is

15$

~. ,.i!u--mdd a jet, a spouting forth of water mil feb· it is not yet two o'clock. Cu-

Moo. - ffi-mdtJ 'mouth (of a rh'cr), spout QJ::fn po. cloud Mil. - nt-,'J::d eartilen(of (l. ten-pot)' Sr/l.; but v. tilt'll. - at- vessel for water, water·jar. - eli-ziti (lA'.:r,mdOg the colour of orine Moo. - lu-rdtJ "f~) long and broad, aN!a, superficialC. small rounded pebbles, lU:! in brooks. - extent, eu-Ml I!ru.lwg!Jdd-pa eight cubitsCit-mig inundation, l1ood(?) Ma. - bt- long and broad D::l.; also lu-ufi-gab-pa,''nag matter, pus &11. - ru-swxl I. pitcher, e.g. i'iu'Zen-gab-pa-Ia dpag-Md b'WIid-i:ujug. '.I. &lw.: chamber·pot (yet in n~ at Glr.; at-zeli-mw-(/f9 in length, breadthleast this article of luxury is not known). nnd height; also sepllrately: Cur dpu!J-(sdd- 'lU-pa water-carrier. - Cu-llyug-pa is .:r,-eo, :h1-du yah -tI'::o, m(a-s}.>or-du dpag­enumerated among other synon)'ms toy"zi- fnid;P= y6d-pa 2500 miles in length,pa, eignifying a ferry-man, water-mnn. - 2500 miles in breadth, 10000 in circum­eu-prdn a little river, brook. _ eu-/xi,. l. ference; yet except in this eonnwon Cu('between the waters') istllmus, neck ofland. alone is ne"er used for length. As an­2. p. n. of a place in Tibet. _ ('U-bdl n. other signification of eu-ztii-ydb-pa Schr.of an aquntic plnnt Wd,i. - eu-Mn white mentions moreO\'er: proportioned, symme­pnint for the face &/1. - rn-bOr 1. bubble, trieal; others have: beautiful, great, con­also Cui eu-bUr 2. blister, bladder, vesicle, sideroble, which e.g. is its proper menninge.g. occasioned by a burn or a "esicntory in; Cu - Zeli - !Ju/) - pa lI!Ja - [ll'odlzu Stg. theLf. 3. boil, ulcer, abscess 'J'h!JlI" .t. $ui tu- stately fig-tree. - ffi-ze"~ waler-tub. - eu­bitr n word describing the foetus fi"e days zld I. the image, tlle renexion ofthe moonafter conception Thgy. - cu-lm,.-i:an 1. in the wnter; a sort of deception of then. of n hell Tl'flY' 2. the eye &ltr. - Cit- senses by witchcraft.. 2. the water-mOntn,bl') river, frq., l!iI-bo-,'i n. of a mountain the first month. -'lll-YZUI' a large ladle O.with a monastery two days' jouroey from - ['U-b:dm a covered bucket for carryingLhMa Glr. - rn-byd a water-bird; &1,... wflter. - ffi-~6b8 water-ditch &/z. - eu_yareu-byd dkdr -po swan, eu-bgd mfYJ-Jmdr col. water-rat(?) - eu-,'u[P dam, dike:-lu­stork (not known in lV.). - tu-by{ water- ri 'hill of water', billow. - eu-"ud waterrat&h. - ~lbdg v.lwg. - cu-sWa' J. &/1.: rushing in, inundalion, deluge. - m-rlabs'driftwood and the like', prob. more cor- wave, billow Dzi. - eu-lu!J the arm of areetly: thin pieee80f wood, chips, chaff etc. river Gb·. - cu-1Ud &/1. dung, manure(?)floating on the water. 2. water-beetle Med. - eu-lQ n. of all. edible plant S.y. - ffl­- w-wrill waler-snake, not a mYlho- lrJg floods. - i!u-ldn, dam, dike Tar. M,logical conception, like klu, but a really lao /"i8. - tu-shi wood drifted away byexisting animal, though for Tibetans a the water = tu-o!I"am1/!Ji $ili y. above; orsomewhat faboulous one, as they have ne- the translation of 1I~ plantain or ba­ver seen thll creature itself. The eel (&h.) nnnn-tree with its spongy wood, in theenn hardly be meant by it. - "b~-mi9 r. place of which tlle Tibetan think8 of thespring, fountain frq. 2. n. of n vein Ned. ~Qm _ bu, a shrub of similar qualities, at- eu-md v. eu-rn, as a separote article. allY rate l\ symbol of perishableness, of- ffl-fsd$s I. a strainer, sieve, 'J.. watering- the frailty of life. - C1Wu,j &/1. surfacepol - Cu-(s«n 1. hot water, 2. warm of the wuter(?) - cu-UI Y. 81'1. - Cu­water, not too hot for drinking Moo. 3_ a )'isdit D=l. ?¢12, 17. a rtwine cont:uninghot sprmg &11. - Cu-(s6d t. the cleps)'dra WI\ter. - rn-sd river-mud, as manure. ­or water-clock of ancient India. 2. clock cu-sb' L tlllimal water, serum, whetllerin general, eu-(sod-oJMr-w a wbeel-dock. nonnal, or of a morbid chaT'.Jcter Ned.­3. !he Indian hour = '* Ilgt'm or 24 minutes. 2. matter, pus. - (u4l'/i>i, - Tit cu-(wd, i.e.•. the European 1I0ur; n~: 1J!'- fWd n!!i!/ a mipute; the Indinn or TibetRn minute is

IMCU-CU

(|ual to 24 of our seconds, = 6 dtnujs Wdk.,<t -it

-f*<></. -- cu-srin a water- or sea-

monster, also Capricorn in the Zodiac. -

en - I/id water -god (Fonqpo); also = klui

Kr-ba

cu-cu, la-cu, rhubarb, cu-rtsd its

root, used as dye and as a laxative 6'.

"cumin four years ago C., W.

_....cii-jxi \. C. a man's dress, coat,

-

2. water-carrier.

x^q-cii-ba a large sinew, of which there

are 16 ace. to Tibetan anatomy; cu-

ba ldog-pa a contraction of the sinews Cs.,

za-ba lameness, paralysis of the sinews

Sch. cu-rgym (TjTRl) sinews, ligaments

and nerves (there are 900 rg-yw-pa); with

respect to these, as well as to the veins,

Tibetan science seems to be rather in the

dark. cu-rtsd 'sinew-veins', a term com-

ing nearest to what we call the nerves.

cu-ba-lna-lddn, and Ina-len C's. names of

countries in India.M.

cu-ma-rtsi a medicinal herb Med.

cu-ma-lon, *tfu-gu cu-ma-lon* Ld.

an infant, baby.

cu-so the external and internal uri-

nary organs.

uy v - jvg-po-

cun-ba 1. adj. col. cun-nu, W. also

*cun-se*, little, small, cun-ci's-pas

Dzl. when he was very little; young, bu

cun-ba or -nu the younger or the youngest

son; lo-cun young in years; ma- cun the

younger sister of the mother; *'d-pa cun-

nu* the younger brother of the father; the

younger or the youngest of the fathers (in

polyandry); cun-iiu-nas up from infancy;

t-tiH-<ji'6gs an early friend, friend of one's

youth; cun-zdd a little, cf. cun-zad\ <>///-

(gyi} sri a devil devouring infants, infnnts-

devil; *nyin-Kdm-, iio-mig-, pod-*, or*nyom-c&n-se* W. shy, timid. 2. vb. to be

little, small etc., snyin ma cun cig Glr., be

not timorous, do not fear! Odun-ma rgyama cun rig let the consultation not be tri-

fling, let at once something of moment be

consulted; Odun~ma rgya mi cun-bar byetl-

</<> let us now decide on important thing*

Glr.; cu/ix-pa pf., tunt-pa yin-nam \ it

too unimportant? Mil. (cun-juy v.^a).

cit/i-ma, C. also *cuii-gr6gi fan-

<lriit*, resp. btoun-nu>, wife, contort

partner /, C.; Un-pa to marry; mi tig-gi

cun-mar byed-pa to be made a man's wife,

to be married.

xr- cud occurs only in cud-yzon-pa, -yton-'

pa, -ysan-pa, -za-ba, seldom -Odza-ba

(Lex.') to consume, spend, waste; cud mza-ba inexhaustible.

cud-pa=

Otsud-pa, jug-pa, to QO,

get in or into, to enter, to put in or

into etc., to go into a town Dzl.\ of food

entering the body Dzl.', gan yan run-ba

mi cud-pa med all without distinction mayenter (my religion), says Buddha, in op-

position to the aristocratic exclusiveness of

Brahmanism Dzl.; fugs-su cud-pa, resp.,

to impress on one's mind; Koii-du v. Kon-

pa; ^og-tu to subject Tar.; grdbs-su c. ac-

cus. to procure, to provide or furnish one's

self with a thing Mil.

rr' cun,

occurs in zin - cun one that is

^*"watering or taking care of fields, tsdt-

cun gardens ^ol-cun meadows IA\.

cun-po (^TTf)' bunch, bundle,

tuft, tassel, ornament, of silk, pearls

etc.

"

cun-ma the second wife in rank.

cnn-tse Hal. little, small.

&'lb-pa>a corruption of cud-pa, kun

cub-par byao all this is to be well

impressed on the mind; dban-po fams-cdd-

du cub-pa to pass through, to penetrate,

every organ Stg.

xxr^r cf'm-fxt. ji</x-cnnt-i><i Mil., to shrink,

to crouch with fear.

xx- "'> terrain, of fo; c\ir Oci-ba to be^ drowned.

._-.. ciir-ba a kind of vermicelli, prepar-

ed from butter-milk boiled A/0dL,

U.

eqlUd to 24 of ollr seconds, '" 6 11hI1fJ' Wilk.,ef. "1 - (Wil. - Ctt. _/frill Il wl'lter- or sea­monster, II.lso Ctlilricorn in the Zodinc. ­Cu ·1Jlli water-god (Vuru(lu); also _ HIli

''!JYlil-llO.~.~. Cu_(N, _ la-ro, rhubarb, cu·,·lad its

root, used as dye Rnd as lllllxati,'c G:~

~t:.' at-nl'; lour yeal'$ ago c., w.~'=J' '{,i.1'a I. C. II. man's dress, coat, -

2, water·carrier,';"::1' (-u.f.Ja a large sinew, of wllich there'<!:i are 16 /\Ce. to TibetAn nnntomy; b't­ba ld6tl-prt Acontrnction of the sinews (,•.,:d - ba Inmeness, paralysis of the sinews&11. - Cu·''9!fli. (1ifTQ) sinews, lig-nmentslInd Ilene.. (there (\l'e1loo ''f/!Jus-pa); withrespect to these, tlS wen tIS to the veins,Tibetan science seems to be rather in tiledark. - a~rtsd 'sinew-veins', Aterm com­ing nearest to what we call tbe nerves. ­(u-ba..J,ia-Min, and bia-lbl (,•. names ofcountries in Indin,

~

~'~'g' Cu-lIla-l'ui R medicinal herh .l!e(I.

~·~·art:.· elt-~a-16,j, ·tl~grt cu_ma_loli·Ld,an mfant, baby.

~.~ cu-sd the external lind internni uri­nary organs,

~ Cug v. Jlig..pa.

~.~. lJi,j-bfJ 1. ndj. col. CUn-1IIt, W: nLso·lJin_at', little, small, eun-Ch-l'lI8

D::l. when he was very little; young, buI:u,i-ba or ..,ju the younger or the youngestson; lo-Citli young iu years; rna-e,i,; theyounger sister of tho mother; ··d-pa ('w,i_ng· the )'ounger brother of the fatber; Ihe)'ounger or the youngest of the fathers (inpolyandry); lU,l_l;w..nl1ll up from infancy;(U!i~9r6tl. nn ellrly friend, friend of one'syouth; C1oi-.:dd n little, d. iwi-::ud; alH·(y!p) .ri tI. devil devouring infant....., infnnls­devil; ·n!liH..lldm~, >in-mig-, ixxl-·, or·nyom­aili _u· lV. slly, timid. - 2, vb. to belittle, small etc" myi,i lIIa (wi NfJ GIl'" benot timorous, do not fear! .dim-lIIa /'fIyama niH Ng let the consult",Gon nAt be ui-

):,0

lIing, let at once I()mething of rnoment beconsulted; .du,~mll 1'9ya #Ii twti..oor ~l­do let us now decide on important t1linrGlr.; n;';'''IUl pf., lU-';'.JIU yi.-nalll i.. it100 unimportAnt? Mil. (Culi-Jliy ,.)a).(§C.'~. C!in .. ma. C, also ·lNti-g..og., IN,,j..

.1/n'.·, resll. bLonin-lIIo, wife, consort,partner fl., C,; Un-pa to marry; "Ii Hg-giCoin-mal' byrd-pa to be made a man', wife,to be mnrried.~~. lud occurs onl)' in 8«1-j':on-l//l, -ftOn-

p<t, ·l"an-pa, -za-ba, seldom ••d:~(Lu.) to consume, spend, waste; nul '":/i-ba inexhaustible.~-·.:r "litfi..pa - .tuKl-pa, JUU-l"XJ., to go,

"'\ get in or into, to enter, to put in orinto etc., to go into a town D:l.; of foodenterinR the body D:l.; gan yail nin-ba1I/i bid-pa 1I/t(J aU without distinction rnaycoter (my religion), SA)'S Buddh~ in op­position to the nristocratic exc!usi,elle"s ofBmhmanism D:l.; {Hg.-m (Hd_pa, I'eSjl.,

to impress on one', mind; l(oti-du. "1". I!qH­Jill i .dg~tu to subjcct Tal'.; grdlA-su Co tIC­

CIlS. to procure, to provide or furnish one'sself with 3 thing Nil.~. am, occurs in :iii: _Cun one Ibnt is

watE>ring or taking ClIorc of fields, (Mif­

am gardens ~Oi-('Un meadows /"(1,

~''f' eun-po (~) l. bunch, bundle. '1,

tuff, tauel, omament, of silk, pellrlS..~~.~. (Iin-ma the second wife in rank.-~"1~' bill-IU' flal. little, small.

~..q eli!J-pa, Il corruption of c.;,d-pa, .hueeidJ-pal' bV(lo 1111 this is to be well

impressed on the mind; IlIxJ'i-po (aHl.-tdd­Ilu rub-pa to pI\SS tltrollgh, to 11Cfltlrate.,c"ery orgtlP Stfl'..:;..;J':J' ;:U1II~r,a,,)i!JI-Cu"I-pa Mil" to aMnk,'<;S" to crouch with fear....~' Cur, termin, of bt; tilr ."cj·ba to be~ drowned.~-'.=f' cHr-OO I\. kind of "ermi~lIi, prepar-

..... cd from butter-milk boiled AI,.t,lid. -&tn',.,

160

cits cem(s)

r-ri' cus 1. instrum. of cu; Sch. also cus-^

fton-ba 'to melt'; more correctly: to

gild, to plate (in the warm or in the cold

way), to overspread with a gold or silver

liquid.- - after five days C., W., or, the

present day included, on the sixth day,

cog. to bcu.

& ce 1. num. fig.: 96. 2. v. ce-ba.

ce-ge-mo such a one, lo ce-ge-mo

zig- la in such and such a year

Dzl.; ce-ge-mo Kyod you so and so Thgr.

x-nmr' ce-^rdn W. being jealous of one's^ ^ own honour, ni f.

ce- fobs arrogance, haughtiness, sde-

pai ce-fabs the arrogance of the

great Ma.', *ce-fdbs-med-Kan* W. affable,

condescending, kind; ce- fobs- can proud,

arrogant, haughty; ce-fdbs byed-pa B., *co-

ce* W., *zun-wa*C., to be arrogant, haughty.

^S"^'w-don a missive to an inferior, an

'' edict.

x*n* ce-ba 1. adj. great, (for cen-po); bu

ce-ba the eldest son, the elder; ce-

bar Ogyur-ba to become great or greater,

to grow, increase e.g. of passions; ce-bar

Ogro-ba, cer ^gro-ba id., cf. cer, ce-bar byed-

pa to make great; frq. in conjunction with

nouns: ze-sddn ce-ba great with respect to

anger, i.e. very prone to anger; rigs ce-

zin being of high extraction; also in com-

pounds, v. below. 2. sbst. greatness, high

degree Mil ; superiority, excellence, . . . kyi

ce-ba ston-pa to show the superiority of a

thing Mil.; *ce-wa srun-wa* Ld. to behave

decently, respectably. 3. vb., pf. ces to

be great, not only in ce-zin, ce-o, but also

in : na-rgydl ma ce-zig do not be great in

pride, i.e. do not allow pride to become

great Mil., and so in similar cases;

cf. ces.

Comp. ce-ka Sch.: 'chiefly; the plura-

lity'. ce-kydd greatness, size Dzl. *ce-

(Jdl* W., *ce-ddl-la cud son* he has entered

the class of adults, he has come to full

age. ce-rgyu = ce-ba, cf. ryyu 3. ce-

brgyud perh. lineage by the eldest sons

Glr. -- ce-cun great and small; size; ce-

cun ni in size. ce- don the coming to

full age Mil. nt. *ce-mi* W. an adult.

*ce-lons* C. grown up, adult (Sch. 'chiefly'?)

^*(S*^-^ one s elder sister 6s., the elder

' wife Sch.

* ce-bzi Lis. = bden-dpdn, witness,

eye-witness; witness, testimony, ce-

bzir dris-te being questioned as a witness,

or asked for a testimony Stg.

^r- cedj as sbst. of rare occurrence, Schr.:'

reason, signification= don; Sch.: ced

cen-po a great thing, an important business

or affair. Mostly ced-du postp. c. genit. on

account of, because of, for; ltd-bai ced-du

yin it is in order to see Pth.; rin-gyi ced-

du as an equivalent Pth.; lhai ced-du Odzin-

pa or ynyer-ba, also rjes-su Odzin-pa or

ynyer-ba to admit to the discipleship or

communion of a god Mil. As an adv.

ced-du seems to signify 1. for a certain

purpose, designedly, purposely, expressly, e.g.

with byed-pa to do, to make a thing;

mndgs-pa to send off, dispatch. 2. again,

once more, once again,=

pyir Mil. dgos-

ced the construction of any noun with pyir-

du, ced-du etc., regarded by Tib. gram-marians as a case of declension.

ced-don v. ce-don.

cen-po B. and C.,*cen-mo* W., great

( cen- mo in B. only as fern. Dzl.

, b), cen-por ^gyur-ba, W. *cen cd-ce*,

to become great, to increase, col. also for

to grow up ; skyes-bu cen-po a great man,

a man of great worth (by his talents and

actions), a saint; *mi cen-mo* W. a manof quality, of rank, a nobleman, a rich

man; cen -ma the first wife in rank; cen

cun ynyis the first and second wife Glr.;*cen-mo* W. also: old, *t

>

u-gu lo cu cen-

mo* a child ten years old.

cem-me-ba Lex., Cs. stillness, si-

lence, cem-mer Odug-pa Schr.,

cem - mer QK6d- pa C., to sit still without

speaking.

cem(s) in compounds: 1. can-

cem(s} v. can. 2. tfa-cem(s),

resp. zal-cems(s), bka-cem(s) farewell CX-

hortation; last will, testament, srds-la tea-

160

~. M I. instruro. of Nt; &ll. also ttu"..110/'-00 'to melt'; more correctly: to

gild, to plate (in the warm or in tho.' coldway), to overspread witL flo gold or silverliquid. - after five days C., ,v., or, thepresent day included, on the sixth day,cog. to bCu.

~. 'Ie 1. nuro. fig.: 96. - 2. v. &-lJa.

~.~'J,f ct-oe- mo such a one, Ie Cti-ge-moNfl- la in sn::h nnd such a yellr

D::J.; U-ge-mt> lJyod you so and so TIl1}1',

~'~Q\oi' 1!e-d1rd,~ W: being jealous of one'sI·;,n own hODour, oi f.

~'ifl~ ceo (ribs arrogance, haughtiness, uk-pai ce-(I.lf.J3 the arrogance of the

great .Ma.; *ce-fdbl-med-I!an· W. affable,condescending, kind; 'le-fti14-l:an proud,nrrogllnt, haughty; '&·'d&s byM-pa n., *t"o­U' W:, ·Zfui-v:a·C., to be arrognnt, haughty.;t.?;;;. ce-ddn a missive to an inferior, an

1'1 edicl~..q' ce-ba 1. adj. great, (for Cbi-po); 1m

U-ba the eldest s<lll, the cider; ce­bar of/yur-ba to become great or grellter,to grow, increase e.g. of pu.ssions; eMU/"of/r6-ba, fer d/''6-ba id., cf. fer, N-fJa1' byM.­p« to make great; frq. in conjunction withnouns: ze-Bddn ce-ba great with respect toonger, i.e. very pr(me 10 onger; 'ofgs Ci­:i,i being of high edraetioD; also in com­pounds, v. below. - 2. sbst.. greatness, highdegree Mil.; superiority, excellence, '" k!lice-ba 3tOn-pa to show the superiority of athing Mil.; • ce-wa "rUn-Jea· Ld. to behavedecently, retipectably. - 3. vb., pf. Ce3 tobe great, not only in Ci-Zi/i, ce.o, but alsoin: ,ia-r!lydl 11Ia ce-'!:-ig do not be great inpride, i. e. do not allow pride to bcoomegreat Mil., nnd so in simillU' eases; cf. In.

Compo ce-ka &h.: 'ehietl)·; the plura­lity'. - &-kydd greatness, size Dd. - ·ee­~li.il'" lV., ·le-ddl-la lud roil· he has enteredthe class of adults, he has CQme to fullage. - Cl-rg/lu = U-ba, ef. "!J!fU 3. - ce­bl'fl!JUd perh. lineage by the eldest SODSGIl'. - le-cuil greal and small; size; ce­C'Un ni in size. - le-"ddn the CQming to

full ngn Mil. nt. - 4Ce-1lli' W: an aduH.­·(!e-lr;J,i,* C. grown up, adult (&11. 'chielly'?)~.~. ce-Zi one's elder sisler c,., the elder

'I wife &It.~.~. ce-bH Lis. _ bden-dpd,i, Witness,

'I eye-witness; witness, testimony, It­bYr dris-te being questioned as II wilness,or asked for a testimony Sig.

~~. led, as sbst. of rl\re occurrence, &111'.:reason, signification _ cUm; &11.: led

Un-po a great thing, no imllortant businessor alTair. Mostly Ml-du postp. c. genit. onaccount of, because of, lor; ltd-hai cM-duyin it is in order to see Ptn.; rin-!fl'p eM·du as nn equivalent l'tk; lIlai 'lM-d1l orkin­pa or rnyer.ba, also ,:);,.", odZin-pa orrnyir-ba to admit to the discipleship orcommunion of a god Mil. - As an adv.led-til, seems to signify 1. for a certainpurpose, designedly, purposely, expressly, e.g.with byid - pa iQ do, to make II thing;mM.'1sJ1a to send off, dispatch. - 2. again,once more, once again, - rYi,. ,Mil. - df!O$­lM. the construction of any noun with pyir­du, Chi-du etc., regnrdecl by Tib. gram­marians as a case of declension.

~~.~. led-don v. le-ddn.

~.:.r cell-po J1. and C.,4cen-mQ* W:, great(Un -17lQ in B. only as fern. D::l.

7\'"0, b), Un-pt)r d/yl',...ba, W. ·cen i!d-'l~,

to uCCQme great, to increasc, col. also forto grow up; skyt3-bu (!eniX' a great man,1\ man of great worth (by his talents ondacHons), a saint.; ·mi cen.ww· w. a mAnof quality, of rank, a nobleman, llo ricbman; cen-ma the first wife in rank; een/!un myu the first nnd SCCQnd wife Glr.;*lbi.wIQ4 W: also: old, *,'it-gu 10 ru een­mo· a child ten years old.~-.;r.::r cim-me-ba La., Cs. stillness, si-

lence, relll -mer odr,g - pa &hr.,Um - mer o~'Qd - va C., to sit still withoutspeaking.~(~. cern(s) in CQmpounds: -I. flll,­

Cim(B) v. can. - 2. ~'a.Um(s),

resp. zal-Clims(s), bka-Chn(s) farewell ex­hortation; last will, testament, srris-la fa-

* ir.i

"CO <Jff-pa to deposit a testamentary

<li-p<>sal or devise for a son Glr.

*ravsj(*JY &KO-&K") I- the noise

made by thunder, by the

shock of an earthquake etc., Obrug-y/ra

<>in-cem sgrdgs-pa the rolling, roaring,

clapping of thunder; bzad-gdd ^ur cem-paa roaring laughter. 2. Kra cem-cent v.

/<n't-bo.

j-x- wr terrain, of ce, cer ^ro-ba to grow,

increase; cer skye-ba to become great;to grow up, cer skyes-pa partic. grown up,

adult; da-dun cer ton go on! go on! Mil.;

ryyal- srid byd

- ba cer mabyut't Glr. his

government was not (yet) of much con-

sequence (as he was too young); hes-paZer med this is not quite evident to meMIL; perh. Tar. 36, 16; 101, 22; 120, 21;

169, 14 will allow a similar interpretationof cer. -- <rr-na S.O. yea; still more

('?).

( ^j-ccx 1. instrum. of ce. 2. pf. of ce-

ba, as adv. very, fca-zds nan ces-kyias the food is very bad DzL; ces sgnn-pavery prudent or clever Sch.; ces ddr-bar

'j/ui'-to it spread very much Tar.

<$fJ" ces-pa I-pf. of ce-ba to be great,

ha-can yan ces-so he is much too

great DzL', dmag-dgun ces-pa a great army;dbait ces-pas being very mighty Glr.; car

'x-pas as it rained heavily l*th.; dga ces-

nas greatly rejoicing Mil. 2. to believe,

but only when preceded by yid (resp. fugs),

or bden (col.), c. la, also c. accus., or par,

that, Dzl. ?vS, 18.

"^co 1. num. fig.: 126. 2. as a wordfor itself seldom to be met with, e.g.

Ld.-Glr. Schl. fol. 13, 6, Tar. 129, 20;

signification not clearly to be made out.*co-

rned-pa* C. = don-med-pa to no purpose,

vain; fickle.

*

co-ga (f^rfv) the way or method of

doing a thing, e.g. of solving an

arithmetical problem Wdk., of curing ma-ladies S.g. } esp. used of magic performances,

co-ga-pa Cs.} co-ga-mKan Mil., a performer

of such ceremonies. Whether it may safelybe used for religious rites or ceremonies

in general, is doubtful.

co-g6 Ral. great.

co -io', 'a, -

,''*, lamentation.

Wailing, <--p. hiim-ntalionh for

the dead, dirge, Odebs- pa Dzl. , Jbdd-pa,

Od6n-pa in more recent liu-num.-./_</. W-y,,<

Sch., to lament, wail, cry, clamour; with

la to cry to a person; the crying of a

new-born child Thgy.

co-j>rid magical trick, jugglery,

often put to rdzu-Jtrul, also used

of the apparitions and doings of goblinsMil. Cf. rdzu- priil.

x^n- c6-ba to Set on (a dog), co-co-ba to

set on repeatedK

co -Obrdn (s) Mil. ;

< *. : the

mother's family or lineage;

co-rigs Dzl. frq. 6s.: 1. the father's lineage,

descent by the father's side; 2. an honourable

extraction. co-ris Mil. , frq.= co -

rigs,

also applied to things, e.g. a cane: co-ris

ye-nas btsun-pa a cune of an excellent

kind, not coming from any mean or noxious

plant.

co-lo 1. die, dice, game at dice. -

2. seal(?)- - co-lo-mkan a dice-

player 6s., co-lo rtse-ba to play at dice

C's.;

co-lo-ris Glr. the figure of a die, a

square figure, in Glr. 47,9 the Mongoltranslation substitutes a wheel, v. Jcor-lo;

a checkered colouring or pattern, e.g. of

cotton cloth 6'.

cog 1. for co-ga; bon-cog Mil. the

ceremony of the Bonpos. 2. v. j'cog-

pa. 3. v. cog-pa.

cog-pa vb., sbst., adj. 1 . to be suffi-

cient, sufficiency, sufficient, crdpir:

iied-la de-kas cog it is sufficient for u-.

we are satisfied Mil. ; dris-pas (instr. of

pai) cog-go Dzl. %&?, 10 (there has been)

enough of asking,= don't ask any more!

gdit-du bzugs kyan cog-par Odug it is suffi-

cient (for him) wherever he may live, i.e.

he is satisfied with any place of living

Mil. : iinl-la nor lo/is-spyod-kyis cog-pa yodwe have money and goods enough Mil. ;

(// /.sii/w-gtfis cug

- na if these three are

sufficient for you Mil.: rin-

11

101

CJm(a) ,JOy-pa to delwsit II. testllmclltnrydi~posAI or devise for A son Gfr.

~(~~J~(~)" Ct'lll(,)-cem(~) J. the noistmnde by thundo:r, by the

shock of :\n earthqullkc etc., iJr'ug -lfJralem- (till SfJNl9a - va the rolling, ronring,e1llllpiug of thunder; bZad-ga<[ ~ltr cbn-puIl rOllring laugbter. - 2. /(ru cem-celll v.frri-bo.~. eel' termin. of Cr, rei' o!Il·Q.ba to grow,

incrctISC; cer 3A:1J6-ba to become greM;to grow up, e('1' u!Jb-pa partie. grown up,Adult; (h·~hiti e('1' (oli go on! go on! JlIil.;1'9yaf - 'rid b!Jd - ba Ct"l' JIla b!JUtj GIl'. hisgo,'erolUcot wns not (yet) of much con­sequence (ns lIe WtlS too young); Ms-po.hI' med this is not quite e\'ident to meNI1.; peril. '1'ar.36, 16; 10l, 22; 120, 21;169, 14 will nllow a similAr iotcrprct.lltionof cer. - lb"n(, S.O. yen.; still more (1).~~. er::r L instrum. of ce. - 2. pf. of;:C-

OO, ns MV. very, Iia-zaa nan Cta-J..yi;\S the food is very bad D:;/.; eel 3f/"n-pa"cry prudent or clever &1/.; en (fdr-bal'O!lNr-to it spreAd "eey much Tar.~.q' en-pa J. pf. of rHa to be great.

!,a-loall yalj c('3-SO he is much toogreat D::l.; dmag-dgun eN-po. a great urIlly;dboil ets-plU being very mighty Glr.; careel-paa AS it mined heavily l'tll.; dga el!3­naa greatly rejoicing Mif. - 2. to believe,but only when preceded by !lid (resp. ft~).

or Wen (col.), Co .la, also c. aecus., or pal',thai, D::I. ?-.5, 18.~ Co l. nUlll. fig.: 126. _ 2. as a word

for itself seldom to be met with, e.g.IA.-Gl,.. &M. foJ. 13, G, 2ar. 129, 20;signification not clearly to be made ou'. teo­nUd-pat C. .... ddn'mffl-pa to no purpose,\'lIiu; fickle.

~~ c6-ga (f~) the way or method ofdoing a thing. e.g. of solving an

arithmeticnl problem lVdk., of curing mil·ladiesS.g., esp. nsed of mngic performances,l6-g(l-pa Ca., M-ga-mllan Mil., a performerof such ceremonies. Whether it may sufelybe used for religious rites or ceremoniesin geneml, is doubtful.

~if lo-gd Bal. great.

;Se-. ~~. (0 - rkl, l~ - ,ib, lamentation,, wailing, ~i'JI' I"menlalion, for

the de:ld, dirge, odeb. - f'U D:l., .b&I- pa,.don-l'a in lllore recent literature, byM-llfJ&/i., w lament, WAil, cry, clamour; witl.la to cry to a person; the cryiug of anew-born child TIlO!J';t"':"C\Q~' co -Jil'lil magical trick, jugglcry,

'" often put to rd:U-JW/, a1&o usedof the apparitions IIond doings of goblin.Mif. Cf. rd::Il;,jI'UI.~::r ld-ba to set on (lI. dog), Cd-Co-Im to

set 00 repeatedly U.

~~:F(~' Co ••bra/j(s) Mil.; c..: tbemolber's family or lineage;

"OO-l'i9a D::l. frq. Ga.: I. the fllther's lincllgC,descent bythefntber'sside; 2.M bonout:\blee~trnction. - w.l'ia Mil., frq. - Co - ri!J3,also applied to tbings, e.g. a cane: (0..",ge -naa btsun. po. I\, clOne of An excellentkind, not coming from any menn or noxiousr1:wt.;Sa( U-kJ I. die, diu, gllme at dice. -

2. seal(?) - cd· kJ - mltan n dice­player Ct., co_lo I'ue-ba to play at dieeCa.; "to·kJ-ria Gl,.. the figure of n die, l\

square figure, in Gf,.. 47,9 the MougolU'nnslalion Fubstitutes a wheel, Y• .Id1·-w;I\. checkered colouring or p:atUlMl, e.g. ofcotton doth G.~ Coy I. for co - gu; Mil - Cog Mil. the

ceremony of the HoDpoS. - 2. v.l'r&.!­pa. - 3. v. Mg-pa.~'=J' Mg.pa ,·b., sbst., ndj. J. to be suffi·

cienI, sufficiency, suWcient, Cl'dpir:illd-la de ·Iuu Cog it is suflicient for us,we are satisfied Mil.; dria -~ (illstr. ofpal) log-flO D:l. {~?, 10 (there has been)enougb of asking, - don't ASk any more!g,l>j.du bUl!f3 J..'!J(lIj ~.rpa>' .dug it is 8uffi­eient (for him) where,er he mAy li"e, i.e.he is slItisfied with lUll' place of li'ingMil.; ,,1I1-fa 1Ior loil_pydd.kVi, "td,--pa !JO<1we hAve money nnd goods enough Mil. j

.di f3lilll - flY;" 160 - '"' if these thref' A~,ufficilfllt ~<r' you Mil.; ,..·n-p<rm ~J'<Ir

11

162

col-zdns

gyur-nas when they had precious stones

enough Dzl.; Odi-tsam-gyis cog-pa ma yin-

no that is not enough, that will not do

Dzl.; sgdl-pa mi brgya zon cog-pa his back

(is) large enough for a hundred men to

ride on it Glr.:, adv.: cog-par sufficiently,

e.g. sbyin-pa to give Dzl.;*ma cog-pa* or

*-ga* W. (col. for cog-par'), *dun-ce ma

cog- ga sad son* he not only struck but

killed him; pyin-pas cog-gi it being suffi-

cient (for the present) that I have come

Mil. ; fams-cdd-la cog-par gyur- te as all

were satisfied Dzl.; cog -par Odzin- pa to

deem a thing sufficient, to be contented

or satisfied with it; cog ses-pa vb., sbst.,

adj. to be contented, contentment, content;

ltd-bas cog mi ses-pai rdzas a thing at which

one cannot look enough Glr., Pth.; yo-

bydd-kyi (better kyis) cog ses-pa easily

satisfied as to the necessaries of life.

2. to be allowed, permitted, at liberty, con-

strued in the same manner: Krid-pas cog

you may have lessons with me, I will

instruct you Mil. ; ^rdn-pas cog I am quite

at liberty to compete with you, we maysafely compete with each other Glr.; Ofso-

ba drdns-pas cog you can have meat set

before you Mil. ; with a root : bu byin cog

then you may render up your son; hence

it is in W. the usual word for run -ba,

*ndn-du ca cog-ce yin-na man* is it allowed

to enter or not? *srdd-ma za cog* eating

pease is allowed, also: pease are edible;

*U-na Jcyon cog ka tan* he issued an edict,

that it should be permitted to fetch wool,

i.e. he (the Maharajah of Kashmir) per-

mitted the export of wool; *leb-napul

cog when it arrives, I shall take the liberty

of sending it to you.

cogs-pa seldom for Ocdg-pa to be

broken Mil.

c n->mcon a transparent, va-

r.

negated, halt- precious stone

brought from India to Ld. and considered

less valuable than/zr, perh. cornelian or

sardonyx?cod 1. C. the cutting off; deciding; *fal-

co' gya cem-po )he'-pa* to bring about

a great remission of taxes, *bhu-lon-co'* re-

mission of debts; *sa-cff gya cem-po jhe1-

pa* to make a great way; cf. however

pyod.- - 2. partition-wall Sck.

,cod rgydg-

pa prob. to construct a partition-wall.

3. v. ycod-pa.

cod-pa 1. to be cut Off, Idm-sgo ynyis

Kd-bas cod-de both approaches being

cut off or obstructed by snow Mil.; bead

kyarl mi cod-do impossible to be severed,

caedendo non caeduntur, Glr.;mi-cod-rdo-

r)e a diamond that cannot be cut to pieces,

an epithet of a firm unbending king Pth.

- 2. to be decided, settled, fixed, gon-fdn

dpydd-kyis (or pas) mi cod Glr. the value

(of the stone) cannot be fixed, though one

should attempt to apprize it i.e. it is in-

valuable, priceless; go cod-pa v. go.

cod-po W. 1. split, cut through; 2.

distinct, of words or writings.

con 1. W. (cog. to cud?) useless, to

no purpose, rin con son the paymenthas been useless, thrown away; gen. adv.*con-la* gratuitously, in vain, for nothing,

*con-la Kon-ce* to hate without cause or

reason;*con-la ddd-ce* to sit idle, to spend

one's time unprofitably. 2. tent (?), con-

fdg tent-rope Mil., con-pur tent-pin.

com(s) 1. robbery, corns -kyis zas

Ofsol-ba to live on robbery Ma. ;

com-po robber Dzl., com-po rkun-ma robber

and thief, gen. com-rkun, com - rkun -gyi

)igs-pa fear of robbers and thieves;com-

rkun-pa id. Stg. 2. imp. of joms-pa.

com-pa to be finished, accomplished,

W., *fo-re com yin* to-morrow it

will be finished, *da com son* now it is

done, completed; cf. cam.

col 1. inconstant 6s.; dpyid-col fickle

spring-weather. 2. Cs.: for co-lo

in compounds, rus-col a die made of bone;

sin-col a wooden die; dun-col shells used

inst. of dice(?).

col-JcaSch. : 'a hole made by a blow;

a nest'.

col-zdns a shallow shore Sch.

162

gyUr-na& when they bad precious stonesenough D::l.; odl·t~am--gyU COg-pa ma yin_110 that is not enough, that will not doDzl.; 3{}dl-pa mi brgya Zon ldfJ-pa his back(is) large enough for a hundred m.en toride on it G1r.; adv.: cdg-par sufficiently,e.g. $bgin-pa to give Dzl.; 'ma 'Ug-pa' or'-gat IV: (col. for ~. par), ·'dun .. Ce tIIa"lOg - ga ,ad $£Iii' he not only struck butkilled him; pyin-peu C0911i it being suffi­cient (for tbe present) that I have comeMil.; fams-cad-io. cQg-par [!!jUr .. ie as allwere satisfied D::l.; Mo .. par od.."in- pa todeem ll. thing sufficillnt, to be contentedor satisfied with it; Cog M'.pa vb., sbst.,adj. to be contented, contentment, content;ltd-lxu Co[; mi sb-pai rdza.! a thing at whichone eaDDot look enough Gir., Pth.; yo­b!ldd .. kyi (better kyM) cog ~b .. po. easilysatisfied as to tbe necessaries of lire. ­2. to be allowed, permitted, at liberty, COD­

strued in the same manner: I!l'id-peu COgyou may have lessons with me, I 'wi.llinsl.ruet you Nil.; <lINin-paa cog I am quiteat liberty to eompete with you, we maysafely eompete with eaeh other GIr.; ofao­ha dralia-peu (Of! you enn have meat setbefore you Mil.; with III root: bu byin COgthen you may render up your son; henceit is in Tv. the usual word for rUli - ha,-ncili-du ca cOfJ-te yin.na man- is it allowedto enter or not? -3rddrina za Cog' eatingpease is allowed, also: pease are edible;-Uona liyoli rog ka tali- he issued an edict,thl\t it should be permitted to fetch wool,i.e. he (the Maharajah of Kashmir) per­mitted the export of wool; -W - na indlog when it arrives, I shall take the libert)'of sending it to you.~.q Mga-pa seldom for occig·pa to be

broken Mil~. ~. Coli, meon III transparent, va-

, riegnted, half-precious stonebroughi from India to Ld. and consideredless valuable than rzi; perl.. comelian orsardon)'1?:Y;: 'Cod 1. C. the cutting off; deciding; -(al­

'lg' gya cim-po)U·pd' to ijring aliPut

a great remission of taxes, -blm-lqn-cv- re·mission of debts; -,m-ciJ' O!Ja Cell'lf(' JM'­pa- to make a great way; cr. howeverhlod. - 2. partition-walt &k, Cod rg!ld9­pa prob. to construct a partition.waU. ­3. v.rt~.

~..q eM-pa I. to be cllt off, ld7IHgo f71!1isliJ-b.ul C&l--<h both approaches being

cut off or obstructed by snow Mil.; Uadkyait 11Ii eOOAM ilnpossible to be se\'ered,caedendo non caeduntur, Glr.; mi-CCd-rdQ-.r)e a diamond that cannot be cut to pieces,an epithet of a firm unbending king PtA.- 2. to be decided, seWed, fixed, gon-falidPlldd.ky1'$ (or pa3) 1111 cod Gil'. the value(of the stone) cannot be fixed, though oneshould attempt to apprize it i.e. it is in­valuable, priceless; yo cOd-pa v. go.~'q lM-po lIZ 1. split, cut through; 2.

distinct, of words or writings.

~- lim 1. W: (cog. to Cud!) useless, tono purpose, rin con lO,i the payment

has been useless, thrown away; gen. adv.-con-i«- gratuitously, in vain, for nothing,-Cdn-la J..'dn·U· to hate without cause orreason; '"Ct1n-i« ddd·/.·" to sit idle, to spendone's time unprofilably. - 2. tent(?), Con-­fcig tent-rope Mil., eon..pur tenl-pin.

~(~y com(~) 1. robbery, CQm.s. kyU zeu(>(~ol-ha to lh'e 00 robbery Ma.;

C6m~JM robber Dzl., Ctim-po rkNn-ma robbcr(lnd tbief, gen. eom-rkNn, Com· rhin - g!pJifP·pa fear of robbers and thieves; 'Com·rhin-pa id. Sty. - 2. imp. pf JdT1l'.pa.

~.q i!6m-pa to be finished, atcOmpiished,W, -(Q-.I'e Com yin- to~morrow it

",-ill be finished, -da Com SOli- now it isdone, completed; d. cam.

~. rol 1. inconstant 0.; dP!lid-'OOl ficklespring-weather. - 2. C~.: for Ct:i-lo

in compounds, 1m-col a die made of bone;iili·Ct1l a wooden die j dun-col shellg llsedinst of dice(?).

~~. Wi-lia ~th.: 'a hole made by a blow;a ncst.

~.=t:.~·lol-zali8 a shallow shore 8ch.

103

I- doctrine, a particular

doctrine, tenet, or precept; yxdit-bai

msiy an esoteric doctrine, a mystery

!>;/. ; /,-//m/-<us for Kyad-par-can-gyi cos a

peculiar, distinguished, sublime, and there-

fore difficult doctrine; jig - rten -gyi cos

bri/i/ad the eight doctrines or principles

of the world (though frq. mentioned, I

found them nowhere specified) cf. Fou-

caux Gyatcherr., Translation p. 264; cott-

brgyddrmfan, a man of the world, worldlingMil. More esp. 2. moral doctrine, whether

any separate dogma, or the sum of various

doctrines, religion in general, both theoreti-

cally (system of morality, ethics) and prac-

tically (faith, exercise of religion); Iha-

cos the religion of the gods or (Buddhist)

deities, i.e. the Buddhist religion, as the

only true one, in opposition to all other

heresies and false religions (log -cos), as

well as to irreligiousness (cos ma yi'n-pa);

lea-cos profession with the lips, hypocrisy

Gl>'.; Jfrig-pai cos-la brten-pa those prac-

tising the religion of voluptuousness (an

expression designedly forcible, like St.

Paul's: 'whose god is their belly'); mi-

cos v. below; cos Ocdd-pa, or bsdd-pa,

ston-pa, smrd-ba, sgrog-pa, resp. c6s-kyi

sgrog-gUti mdzdd-pa Glr. to expound, to

teach, to preach religion; cos smrd-bai zdl-

la ltd-ba to watch the mouth of the preacher

Pth.; *co cttg-pa*C. to read a religious

book: *cos sad -Kan* W. a preacher; cos

Ocdd-pai Qdun-Kdn place where sermons

are delivered, church DzL; cos nydn-pato hear religious discourses DzL

;cos zu-

ba to ask for religious discourses; partic. :

one eagerly desiring or asking for religious

instruction, an inquirer Pth., Alii.- cos byed-

pa to act or live religiously, righteously,

cos bzin-du byed-pa; also merely to wish

to become pious, to strive after piety; /eyed

snyin-nas cos byed-na if you are in goodearnest about religion, if piety is the aim

of your heart Mil.\ lastly in a special sense:

to become or to be a monk l*th.; cos -la

sems sayvr-ba Mil. to show an inclination

for religion, to turn religious; cds-sw, or

&fo-/a jug -pa 1. vb. nt to enter into

religion, to be converted, also: to go over

to a religion, to turn (Buddhist), 2. vb.

act. to convert, to turn a person from a

bad life to a good one, to make him a

believer, to make another a convert, a

proselyte ; c6s-la ^dd-pa jug-pa 1 ; &

spyod-pa to practise religion; the exercise

of religion, worship S.g.\ bka-co* the wordof Buddha, the doctrine as taught byBuddha himself; rt6gs-pai c.6 Thgy. the

knowledge acquired by meditation, inde-

pendently of books, scarcely different from

ties-don, or non-Ms; bstdn-pai cos Thgy.

any knowledge derived from other sources.

- 3. in a special sense the religion of

Buddha, Buddhism, ddm-pai cos, and frq.

dam -pa cos id. (cf. >j m'artg Acts 6, 7);

cos dan bon Buddhism and Bon -religion

Mil.;

c6s-la lon-spyod-par Ogyiir-ba to live

in the enjoyment of true faith. 4. re-

ligious writings, and writings, books, literature

in general, in as much as the Tibetans

derivate every science from religion; b6n^

gyi cos fams-cdd all the Bon-writings Mil.

- 5. custom, manner, common usage, fashion.

mi-cos manners of the world Mil.; nri-cos-

kyi dus-su as long as he lived according

to the ways of the world Mil.; yvl

- cos-

X//AS according to the custom of the country

DzL; kydd-cos the way of distinguishing,

of pointing out the characteristics Glr. (cf.

under 1); nature, quality, DzL ?L%, 18 cf.

cos-nynl.--

<i. substance, being, thing.

fams-cdd mi-rtdg-pa yin-gyi as every thing

existing is perishable DzL Other philo-

sophical expressions containing the word

cos v. Was. (296).

Comp.*

os-skatl* W. book -language, as

opp. to pal - skad. tos - sku v. sku. -

cos-ski/ti/t v. ski/on -ba. cbs-//v' reading-

desk, lecturer's chair, pulpit /V//.: reading-

table, school-desk. cos-Xr/ww v. tcrims. -

cos-K'rinis-pa v. dge-bskon. &s- 0V vulgo

prayer -mill; the column of disks on the

mtod-rten Pth. v. Kor-lo 2, also K6r-h

extr. - -<fo-ym school. - -

&s-(tyO rgydl

(-JDO) 1. honorary title of kings deserving

~~. (Of (n) 1. dotlrine, ~ particulardoctrine, tenet, or precept; ,.,an-bai

eo. liy An esoteric doctrine, a mysteryD:l.; I.yud-loa for fyad-par-c(ln-rJyi loa alK!Culiar, distinguislled, sublime, and there­fore difficult doctrine; Jig - rtbl - gyj loabl"fl!Jad the eight doe~rines or principlesof the world (though frq. mentioued, Ifound them nowhere specified) cr. Fou­eaux G}·atcherr., Translation p. 264; Cos­brgyud-mkcnl,,, man of the world, worldlingMil. - More esp. 2. moral doctrine, wlletheran)" sepnrnte dogma, or the sum of variousdoctrines, religion in general, both theoreti­cally (system of moraJit)", ethics) nnd prac­tically (faith', exercise of religion); l!w­~ the religion of the gods or (Bu.ddhist)deities, i. e. the Buddhist religion, as theouly true one, in opposition to all otherheresies lUId false religions (lcg -lQ3), aswell os to irreligiousness (Ciu 1/Ja yin-pa);l(a-ro, profession with the lips, hypocrisyGir.; i!rlg-pai cOI-la brlbl-pa those pmc­tising the religion of voluptuousne~s (anexpression designedly forcible, like St.Paul's: 'whose god is their belly'); mi­'lO$ ". below; co. ocdd - pa, or V&dd - 1'",.t01I-pa, '111l'd-bet, .grdfJ-pa, resp. ro,- J.-yi.grog-gibi mdzdd-pa Gil'. to expound, toteach, to prench religion; ro. .mrci-bai zdl­ia ltd-oo to wlLt.ch the mouth of the IlreacherPtJ•. ; -(g {idg-pa- C. to read II religiousbook; -loa Jcid - /.tan- IV. n prencher; eo.lucl-pai odl/1l - fUJi Il}nce where sermonsare delivered, church Dzl.; ro, lI!Jdn-pato hellr religious discourses D::l.; 00a z,;·ba to ask for religious discourses; Ilnrtic.:one engerly desiring or asking for religiousinstruction, nn in'luirer l'th., Mil.; 10I bgid­pa to act or li,'e religiously, rightoously,~ ~ min-du b!J!d-pa; also merely to wishto become pious, to strive o.fter piety; AY«ln'!Ji,j-llas COlI byid-lla if you lU"e in goodearnest nbout religion, if piety is the aimof your beart Mil.; lastly in a special seDse:to become or to be " monk Pth.; co.-la&mI' syyUr-ba },fil. to sbow Bll inclinlltionfor religion, to tum religiQlIS j l~ or

103

ldt-la J';,.pa I. vL. ILl. 1.0 cllter intoreligion, to be oonverted, abo: to go overto Il. religion, to tum (Buddhist), 2. vb.net. to eonvert, to tum a person from abad life to • good one, \0 make him"believer, to make another a couvert, "proselyte; cw-Ia ,gdd-1K1 - Jilg-pu I; to..pydd-pa to practise religion; tile exerciseof religion, worship S.y.; bka_oo. the ",ordof Bu.ddha, the doctrine M tao.gbt byBuddha himself; rtdga_pai lQ. TIrfly. theknowledge acquired by meditation, inde­IlllDdently of books, scareely different from,ic.-d6n, or ,ion -Us; bltdn - pai Cln Thgy.any knowledge derived from other sources.- 3. in a slJeciAI sense the religion ofBuddha, Buddhism, ddm-pai eo., and frq.ddm. pa loa id. (cf. ,i nlaH!; Acts 6, 7);COlI dali boll Buddhism lUld BOll _religionMil.; cdl-la ld,j-'pyOO-par 09yUr-ba to livein the enjoyment of true faith. - •. reoligious writings, and writings, books, literaturein general, in I\S much as the Tibetan.denvllte every science from religion; MII­giP 001 {am3-tdd nil the Bon-writings Mil.- 5. custom, manner, common usaRe, fashion,.lIi-COlI manDeu of the world ,Mil.; mi-&.­1.1Ii ([,i.-til AS long lIS he lived Accordingto the ways of the world Mil.; !!Nl. t"oI­l.'!IiI according to the custom of the countryD::l.; kydd-'tfn the way of distinguishing,of pointing out the characteristics Glr. (cf.under 1); nature, quality, D::l. ?.q, )8 d.'lol-nyid. - 6. substance, being, thing. Cot(anl.8-Cdd lJIi-rtdg_pa yi11'fJYi as every tllingexisting is IJerishable D::l. - Other philo­sophic.1 expressions OODlaining the wonIeo. v. 11'a.!. (296).

Compo - os-dadO W: bOOk-language, uopp. to jxU.akcul. - ld8-.ku v. dN. ­'loHky6n ,.. ,,-00. - ea.-A'ri reading.desk, lecturer's chair, pulpit 1'tll.; reading­table, school·desk. - &._I.'r'''., T. Ib'illlf. ­Cot-~,"nUl.pa ,•. dg,.wro.. - "lo.-j.-dr "ulgoprayer· mill; the column of disks on the"1&xl-rtNI PtA. ". o'dr _10 2, a1.lO .{'Or. 10extr. - eo.-grcl school. - lo.-(kyi) rgy.il(.:po)rl. h(/J1or~r)' title of kiD~ deseniug

164

cos mcig

well of religion. 2. = ysin-rje Schl. Buddh.

93, 3. also as a p. n. cos-rgyud religious

tradition, also = confession, creed, r)e-btsun-

gyi cos-rgyud Odzin -pa- rnams those em-

bracing the religious tradition of his re-

verence, his fellow-believers Mil.; cos-rgyud

ycig-pa one confessing the same faith or

religion Thgr.- - cos-can \ . pious, devout.

2. v. cos 5, )ig-pai cos-can yin having the

properties of perishableness, being subject

to the law of mutability Thgy.- -

cos-rje

'lord of the faith', viz. 1. Buddha Lex.,

2. devout or righteous lord, title of honour

given to distinguished scholars Tar. transl.

331, and elsewh.; perh. also = cos-rgydl.

cos-nyid \ .= cos 5, quality, nature, rgyd-

mfsoi cos-nyid-kyis in a manner peculiar

to the sea, Dzl xS(3, 9 (112, 9?). 2. philo-

sophical term: existence, entity,= de-bzin-

nyid (ace. to Thgy.} by which the Buddhist

however means a negation of being, non-

existence,non -

entity. cos -stegs W. -

cos-Kri. cos-ston religious festive enter-

tainment given to saints Glr. cos-drdn-

po righteous with regard to the laws of

religion (adopted by Prot. Miss, for the

scriptural term 'righteous' or 'just'), cos-

drdn-ba justice, righteousness. cos-lddn

= cos-can. - - cos - sde convent, monastery,

Wdk., Glr. cos -pa a religious man, a

divine, a monk. cos-spun a religious brother;

such brotherhoods e.g. are formed by two

devotees, before going on a pilgrimage.

After having been consecrated by a priest,

who consults the lot on such an occasion,

they owe hospitality and mutual assistance

to each other for life. cos-spyod exercise

of religion; cos-spyod-bcu dge-ba-bcu.-

cos-sbyin is said to be frq. used in book-

titles : bkra-sis-lhun-po-nas cos-sbyin Odzad-

med spel pyir bris written from Tashilhunpoas a religious gift for infinite increase and

blessing. cos-blon a pious functionary or

official (bdud-blon an impious or wicked

one) Glr. cos-ma a religious woman, a nun

Cs. - - cos-med without religion, irreligous,

wicked. - - cos - mydn religious frenzy, W. :

*cos-nyon zugs* he has become deranged,

his brains are turned (in consequence of

meditating). cos -zog priestcraft Mil. -

cos-lugs religious party, denomination, sect.

*cos-sem-can* W. inclined to religion, pious.

edd-pa Lex.: = 'tomb, sepulchre;

pramdrita Ssk. killed, slain;

mcdd-pa-med-pa entire, perfect; mead-par

byd-ba = mahimcin Ssk. greatness; also the

magical power of increasing size at will'.

mean 1. the side of the breast, mcdn-

gyi bu bosom-child, darling, mcdn-

gyi mcis-brdn bosom-wife (cf. our 'bosom-

friend') ;mcdn-du Ojug-pa to put into one's

bosom Glr.-, mean -Hun arm-hole, arm-pit,

often = mean; mean-Hun yyds-pai rtsib-

mai bar nas (the Buddhas are born) from

between the ribs of the right side (cf.

mnai); *cdn-da* W. pocket, in clothes, cf.

dku-mda. - - 2. v. the following article.

mean - bu 1 . apprentice, bzoi in a

handicraft, trade or art, rig-paiin a science, disciple 6s., sgyu-ma-mKan-

gyi appr. of a juggler, conjurer Zam. -

2. yi-ge'i mcdn-bu words or lines, printed

or written in a smaller character than the

rest, and inserted in the text (called md-

yig Cs.) like our parenthesis, but without

brackets; hence 3. note, annotation (Sch.

also: testimony?).

^Tjr'q- mci-ba, eleg. for 1. to come, to go,

sldd - bzin -par mcio I shall come

later Dzl. ; to appear, used of a god ; skydbs-

su (to put one's self) under the protection

of another person, ccd.; Jbdns-su mcio I

will obey Mil. 2. to say, zes mcio thus

he said.

u:*r mci-ma, resp. spyan- cab a tear,

Qbyin-pa\ don-pa Glr.., blag-pa Dzl.,

yton-ba Mil. to shed (tears); skem-pa to

dry up tears Cs. ; Opyi-ba to wipe off tears

Cs. ; mci-mas brndn-ba to be choked with

tears, to sob violently Sch.

jjr>n' mcig 1. Cs. a stone for grinding'

spice etc., a mortar; mcig-gu a small

mortar Sch., a pestle Cs. -- 2. the nether

mill -stone, mcig -ma the runner or uppermill -stone, Sch., mcig skor-ba to grind

Sch.

164

'Well of religion. 2. = fil1t-rje ScM Buddh.93,3. also as II p. n. - '[o5-rgyUd religioustradition, also = confession, creed, r)e-bt'Im­gyi &s-rgyitd odzin-pa -~ those em­bracing the religious tradition of his re­verence, his fellow-believers Mil.; ros--rgyUd)'Cig-pa one confessing the SfU08 faith orreligion Thgr. - lOs-can 1. pious, devout2. v. cO$ 5, Jig-pai cOs":an yin having Iheproperties of perishllbleness, being subjectto the law of mutability Thgy. - Cos-rye'lord of the faith', viz. I. Buddha l-u.,2. de~'out or righteous lord, title of honourgiven to distinguished scholars 'Pal'. transl.331, and elsewh.; perh. also =< '&>3-rgyul.- eos4lyid I. - Cos 5, quality, nature, rglld~

mfsoi lot-nyid-kyu in a wanuel peculiarto the sea, D::l. >S!O!,!) (112, 9?). 2. philo­sophic&1 term: existence, entity, _ dt-b!:ill­flyi(i (ace. to T!lgy.) by which the Buddhisthowever means a ncgation of being, non·existence, non -entity. - &s - 8fig8 IV. =&s-l!ri. - lm-3ton rcli~ious festi\'e enter­tainment given to saints Gil'. - loB-drll!l­po righteous with regard to the laws of,religion (adopted by Prot.. Miss. for thescriptural term 'righteous' or 'just'), &3­drfiJi-ba justice, righteQusness. - loB-ldan- c6B·i'an. - &! - Ide convent, monastery,lVdk., Glr. - ltM-pa a religious man, adivine, a monk.- CoNpvn a religious brother;suc~ brotherhoods e.g. are formed by twodevotees, hefore going on a pilgrimagt>.After having been consecrnted by a Iwiest,who consults the lot on such an occasiotJ,they owe hospitality IUld mutual assistanceto each other for life. - oowpyOd exerciseof religion; OON1J!jOd-bCu ~ dgJ-ba.lH:u. ­'toHbyin is said to be frq. used in book­titles: b/.:ra~·8-IMn-p<J-nq,g'WHbyin odza&­tiled spell~yir hloU written from TashilhunpoliS a religious gift for infinite increAse tlIldblessing. - ro.-hlM, a piOl1S functionary orofficial (haud-blon an impious or wickedone) Gll'. cOs-ma a religious womlln, a nunlA. - &¥-mid without religion, i'rreligous,wic~ed, --: ;m -myon religious frenzY, Il'.:-Cos-ligOn zUffs- he IlllS becC\!!l.ltjdemuged;

his brnins are turned (in conseqllence ofmeditating). - &.Ii -::6fJ priesters" Mil. """'t08-lug' religious pn.rt.y, denomination, seel-&l.wem-Can- W. inclined to religion, piouL

~o!l~"r edd-pa La.: "" 'tomb, sepulchre;- pral/ulrita &k. killed, slain;

mcdd-pa-mffi.pa entire, perfect; mUd-plll'byu-ba = mahinuin SJr. greatness; also themagical power of increosiDg size at will'.~~. mean l. Ihe side of the breast, mean-

gyi 1m: bosom-child, darliug, In'tdn·fI'.P mi!is-bl'tM bosom-wife (cf. our 'bosom­friend'); mi!dn-du.Jug-pa to put into one'sbosom Gil'.; mi!dn - Sui arm-hole, arm-pit,ofteD _ 'n'tflll; 'nlan-futi rym - pai rt3ilJ..mai bUr UU8 (the Buddhas nre harD) frombetween the ribs of the right side (cr.mJial); -cdn-du- lV. pocket, in clothes, cf.dku-1Ildu. - 2. Y. the following article.~~~ ml"an - Uu 1. apprentice, b;:qi in II.

hllDdicro.ft, trade or art, 'rig _paiin a science, disciple Q., S!f!Iu.ma-mRall­flYi appro of a jnggler, coDjurer Zam. ­t. yi"fJei medn-lm words or liDCS, printedor written in a sinaller character thon therest, and inserted in the text (called tna­yiy Ct.) like our parenthesis, but withoutbraekets; hence 3. nole, annotation (&h.also: testimony?).~£·.:r m'H-ba, eleg. for 1. 10 come, 10 go,

.fdd· h'f:,in _par ml"io I shnll comell\ter D=l.; 10 appear, used of il. god; !l.:yd~

$U (to put one's self) under the protectiollof auotlJCf person, ccd.; obd>is-au mNo 1will obey Mil. - 2. to say, Us mew thushe said.~£,~. mCi-lIla, resp. spyo.n· cdb a tear,

obyfn.pa;otMn-pa Glr., bldg-paD::l.,)'ioti-ba Mil. to shed (tearS); skem-pa todry up tears LS.; oi1Jf.w to wipe off tearsCt.; mCl-ma8 brndli·ba to be choked withtenrs, 10 sob violentl}' &11.~~ mcig 1. (.8. a stone for grinding

spice etc., a mortar; mcig-gu a smallmortlLr &h., a pesUe Ct. - 2. lhe- nethermill-stone, mCig-ma the l'Wlner or uppermill-stone, &II.; 1I1"Cfg 8kdr-bu to grind

&h..;/

III < in

res

v. klon.

;one

CH. = -iii-bu.

djW. *mol-

</</* ivsp tin-talk, discourse, speech

(of an honoured person) 6a.; mcid-ldnanswer to such speech Mil.

">resP- sku-mcin the liver;

/ n-ifri, niciii-ri the midriff or

diaphragm; mcin-Ka liver-coloured; mcfn-

ndn 'liver -pressing', first breakfast, be-

cause according to popular belief water

rises from the human liver in the morning,O"which is depressed and appeased by takingsome food; man-nan byed-pa to break-

fast.

tncil-pa 1 . fishing-hook Dzl, meil-

pas nya Oc6r- ba to fish with a

hook, to angle Cs. - - 2. a little bird, W.

*H-pa*, Ts. *cil-p/g; ci-pa skyd-ico* W.

sparrow; mcil-Kra sparrow-hawk; incil-

mgo a fabulous stone, like a bird's head,

supposed to possess a variety of marvelous

qualities.

m>cil-ma 1. W. *mcil-mdg*, resp.

Ijags-mcil, Ijags-cdb spittle, prob.also other similar fluids Lt; Odor-ba ( W.

*pdn-ce) to spit; mcil-lud ( W. *mcil-ldud r

)

morbid saliva, e.g. of people affected with

a cough or with hectic fevers; mcil-sndbs

prob. id.; mcil-snod, resp. zal-bzed, spitting-box

; mcil-zum, mcil-bkdb W. sla^ering-bibor cloth. 2.=mcil-lhdm Tar. 72, 9?

m$il-lhdm shoe, boot, mcil-lhdm

ynyis Odor-ba to lose both shoes

Wdn.\ mcil-lhdm-mtfan shoemaker, cob-

bler, seller of boots; mcil-lhdm-gyi yu-bathe leg of a boot Cs.

infis-pa 1. also mcis-ldgs-pa, eleg.

for yod-pa, to be, to be there, to

exist, du mcis how much is there, how

many are there? Cs.' su-la ddm-pai cos

>n"ci*-pa whoever has the holy doctrine

Dzl.; yul dbiis-nas mct's-so (he) is (comes)from the country tl Dzl. 2. pf. of ?/<<'/-

ba 1. lam n'n-po-nas mcis-te having come

from afar. 2. zes mcis-pa so-called.

"" 1. eleg. dwelling, abode.

domicile; also wlu-n ^akinumodestly of one's own dwelling: bddy-gimcin-ln-<'u'i my humble roof /):/. >

/

wife, partner.

bed. bed-stead <.

- ''P ya - m u upper lip, ma-* mcu lower lip; mtu btud mKa* \\'it.

prob.: one must be wise in lowering the

lips, i.e. one must yield, giving up pouting;

Ka-mcu, resp. zal-mcu 1. lip 2. word,voice (?) Sch. 3. quarrel, strife, Ka-m<tu

rgyal-pdm ji-ltar byuii ze-na if one asks,

which are the details of the quarrel ;*Kam-

cu jhe -pa* C. *gydy-pa* Cs. to quarrel.- 2. beak or bill of birds, mcii-la f6g*-t

Ogro-ba to fly, carrying something in the

bill S. 0.; mcu-lto (or cu-mdo?) W. id. -

3. n. of one of the lunar mansions, v.

rgyu-skar.

Comp. mcu-skye muzzle Sch. -- mcu-

sgros v. sgros.- - mcu-far Sc/i. (prob. a.

mis-print for mcu-for) pustules, tubercular

elevations on the lips.- - mcu-ri/is long-

beaked, n. of a bird, and also of an in-

sect (a large musquito).

tx'n* mw-ba, Cs. also mce-so, corner-tooth.

canine tooth, eye-tooth, fang, tusk of

an animal, mcc'-la ytsig$-pa, W. *ze-ce*, to

show one's teeth, to grin; mct'-lnt-can-gyi

sde the class of the tusked animals, viz.

the carnivora (lion, tiger, leopard), and the

tusked pachyderrnata (elephant, boar etc.).

w m/, sku-mced* weed -/'///. n--p.

for spun, brother, sister; mted

my two brothers Dzl. : .s/v/x-w/o Iha

meed bzi four princesses, sisters; del

his illustrious brother, in reference to a

king, prince etc. Glr.\ esp. of gods: mfrd

bzi four divine brothers Glr.: nicfd-gr6gtj

</r<><ts-mcSd clerical brother, mtfd -grfy*

nniit-po fsdgs-par where many clerical

brothers assemble; mm/- grogs dam-fst'g

yciti-pa Thgr. betrothed brothers, religious

I uot here, = cos-spun; also mced-lcdm has

this signification.

16:;

~...&; r•. _ HOIi; one {..u. _ dJ.ytl;T. 1l0ti.

~.S" ...li"-bN Ci. - ol;'i-btl.

~_. 11100, lJrfHtlRd,''Nl''''liJ, n·. °mol_I n.r rt'111 thetaJ-k, diSC(Jti~, 11Jee(.II

(of an MI10ured person) Ga.; Wllid-lti1C.os...·t'I' to luch speeeh Alil.

~'1::r .iSn-pa, rt'Sp. Mw-Mli" the liver;,"l;lI~/n', ...Sn - ri the midrift lJr

diaphragm; 1nc;n-Ea li\'er-eolourM; mlin­ndn 'lifer -11~5Sipg', first breakf:Ist, be-.~a~ according to popular belief ,,·AterriSK from the hum aD li\'er in the morning,which is depressed IInu IIP~ by takingsome food; meill-nd" bgtd-pa to break­fast.

~lr..r::r lIIi!il_pa I. fishing-hook D::l., lIInl-lHU '1'9" ;fQr - ba to fish with II

IlOok, to l\.Dgle C•. - 2. a little bird, lV.0?l_pa., T•. °CII_pig; H-pa lkyu-fC(}· lV.sparrow; "l'bi-ira spn.rrow-hawk; me,l­mgO • fabulous stone, like a bird's betld,supposed to po86C a nriely of mllnelousqualities.~;r ",ClI-1tt{J I. IV. .",'6l-wtdgO

, resp.lja,...1f·I, Qugt-ldb spittle, lirob.

also other silllilnr ll.uid5 Lt.; od~ (IV."i>d~) to pit; MaUIUI (II: o..'6l_UIUI')D10rbKl 5aliTa, e.g. of people alf«ted ....·itba cough or widl hertie (even!; fHc;I..Hd!JIprob. id.; ..lit-."M, resp. ::a1-h=iJ, spitting­hoi; wtlll~lI",maUH.:db n~ slll..ering-bibor doth. - 2. -mCi/·14lim Tur. 72, it?

~..(t"'~ mnl-lluim shoe. boot, ",lI1-lJUM1'11yi1 ockw-ba to lose both $hGei

WWt.; '/I'81_/Alim -tNJlUlI shoelDllker, cob­Mer, seller of boots; lIIdJ-lJuim-gyi yU-hathe leg of II hoot (i.~~f~r "'".-pa 1. ulso 1'/lc.8-ld!p·I~fI, eleg.

for yod-pa, to be, to be tllere, toexist, liu mel' 110..... much is there, howmany lire there? w.; ,':'-la lidlll-pai eo."In, -11(1 v;boe-.·er hilS the hol)" doc.trmeDu.; yu1 dlJiI.-naf m~6__ (he) i. (l:ome.)from tbe rountry 0 D::/. - 2. pc. of "Ili­M I. lum ri"_po-"...li.-ir buiDg ootllefrom .fltr. '2. U. mol-fX1 ~tl.L

~~I'~'W1m-mt" 1. el~. Ifwttllnf, 1bMt,,,~ d .., ••

OmlCl e; ."0 wilen lJlt'f'ltin«modbtl)· of one', own dlfl"elliDg: Mag_yim'&-br,Eti my humbLe roof lJ:l. - t [""A.

wife. partner.

~~~.f .e.-.-lI1dl bR. bH...t .... c..~~. 1fltv I. lip, )'11- _lw; upper lip, _

"'(;, lower lill; .er. wild N<SI nil.prob.: one must be wile in lo~ering lhelips, i.e. one must )'ield, giTiog np pouling;la-mev. resp. ~al·t1Il.i I. lip 2. word,"oice (?) &h. J. qUllrnl, .trife, !~ _t1fllfTY!lal-pam ji..Jtur byu;' :t!--na if one asks,which lire the detail! of tILe quarrel; -lum­lli )M -ria- C. -!!!Jd!J - pa" £4. to qUllm!.- 2. beak or bill of birds, meif_fa fdg.-tto!!'-d-ba to fir, c:.rryillg lIOmclbing in thebill S. 0.; mi!u-lto (or ru-nutof) lV. ill. _3. n. of one of the lunllr ruA.l1&ionl, T.

n.r.JU-d:ar.Compo 'II1i!u-J:yi muule &n. _ .,h­~ Y. f!Jra.. - JHru-fdr &11. (prob...mis-print for mh.-lUr) IIO!tQl~ tUOercularele\'alioDI on the lip!. - Wllw.-ri..... long­beaked, n. of :l bird, llod also of an io­&eet (a large musquito).

~..::r tnCi-ba, C•• also ff1C-O, comer-too,canine tooth, eye·tooth, fang. tvsk of

110 animil, .,a4a lUigl-pd, ,,~ .lJ..h0, toshow one's teeth, to grin; '"~~W lhe c1us of ahe IUiketl lUJillllalS, Ti.Ltile carnivora (I~)f), tiger, leopllrd), IlDd thetU.$kcd l~adlJdermala (elephllUt, oo.r el.e.).

~~-.mM:1, 1ob-11IUtI, ..&t.l-l}m... !tip.I for spun, brother. sister; ,"MI~

my two brothers D::l.; ,,'/;,-WI(I l4a-fM...'mMl b':i four prillcessu, listeN; llti .ltdhi, illustrious brother, in re.fereoce to aking, llrinee etc. Glr.; ellp. of gods: "l&dbS four di7ioe lJrotheni Glr.; "ll~,grogt -,Hlid cleriul lJrother, "lltd - gr6gI"lti,; -1)() fMJgt -!H'" where ftlallY clericalbrotllers AI~emble; ..l«l- grdgI doHt- 6igrHg-pa TI&gr. belnKbed brol..heN, rcligioul!.wotbert, - 1'oHpliJt; also ...hrl_uv. lauthis .6oatiQJl.

166

']' meed-pa J" mcod-pa

meed - pa 1. to spread, to gain

ground, esp. of a fire, frq.; also

fig.: bddg-gi Qdod-cdgs-kyi me meed -pasas the fire of voluptuousness spread or

increased within me DzL; also in the

following sense : mdr-me ycig-la ycig meed

Itar as one kindles one light by another

Mil.; ycig glen ynyis glen rim-pas mced-de

as (the news) spread more and more by

gossiping people Pth. skye-mced v. skye.

2. = yyo-ba, mi-mced-pai dad-pa = dad-

pa brtdn-po.-s

'^r mcer-pa the milt, spleen.

nicog the best, the most excellent

in its kind, skyes-bu mcog, mii mcog,

rkan-ynyis-rnams-kyi mcog Buddha; nyes-

Itun-gis ma pog-pa (or no) mcog yin-te

pog-rtin bsdgs-pa byed-pa rob yin Mil. the

best thing is, not to have been surprised

by sin, but after having been surprised,

it is the best to confess it (and thus to

atone for it); ysun-mcog chief or funda-

mental doctrine, main dogma, principal

commandment etc. Glr.; na ni ^jig-rten

Odi-na mcog I am the highest in the world

(says Buddha immediately after his birth)

Glr.; ynas-mcog the most glorious or splen-

did country Glr.; ro-mcog excellent taste

or flavour Mil.; mKas-mcog-rnams most

learned gentlemen Zam. ; also as a compli-

mentary word; mi mcog Kyod most honour-

ed Sir! Pth.; mcog-dmdn, mcog dan fun-

mon, mcog dan pal -pa, good and bad,

first-rate and common, fine and ordinary,

of goods etc.; eminent and ordinary, of

mental gifts, talents etc.; mcog-tu gyur-pa=

mcog, e. g. mi-rnams-kyi ndn-na mcog-tu gyur-pa ycig one that has risen amongmen, so as to become their chief Glr.

;

yul-rnams-kyi mcog-tu gyur-pa the most

splendid of countries. Adv.: mcog-tu

very, most, with verbs: bon-po-la mcog-tu

mos-pa zig a great admirer of the BonposMil.; gen. with adjectives: ro mcog-tumndr-ba extremely sweet; with the com-

parative: much, far, by far, greatly, de-

bas mcog-tu ceo ... is far or much greater

than that DzL

Comp. mcog-sbym pyag-rgyd a gesture

made in practising magic, in conjuring upor exorcising ghosts. 'mcog

- zut'i the

model pair, the two most excellent amongstBuddha's disciples, Shariibu and Mau-

dgalgyibii, v. Kopp. mcog-rin longest

Ttyy.

mcon v. con.

"' Zons-pa to

leap, to jump, frq., e.g.

cur into the water; mi-seb-la among the

people, e.g. of a mad dog).

wwdd-pa (tnj) I. vb. 1. to honour,

revere, respect, receive with hon-

our, kiin-gyis bkur zin mcod-pai ^os worthyof being honoured and praised by all;

usually ccapir. (rarely dp.) in the special

sense: to honour saints or deities by offer-

ing articles of food, flowers, music, the

sound, odour and flavour of which they

are supposed to relish, hence to treat,

entertain, regale (the gods), and in a more

general sense applied also to lifeless ob-

jects, e.g. to honour a sepulchre in such

a manner; Glr. mcod-pa may therefore in

English be sometimes translated by: to

offer, to sacrifice, but it should always be

borne in mind, that no idea of self-denial

or yielding up a precious good (as is im-

plied by the English word), or of slaughter-

ing, as in the Greek &vstv, can be con-

nected with the Tibetan word itself, thoughin practice bloody sacrifices, abhorred as

they are by pure Buddhism in theory, are

not quite unheard of, not only animals

being immolated to certain deities, but

also men notoriously noxious to religion

slaughtered as dmar - mcod, red offering,

to the dgrd-lha q.v. 2. C. resp. to eat,

drink, take, taste, (in W. expressed by

*don-ce*).

II. sbst. offering, oblation, libation, mcdd-

pa Jwl-ba, W. *pul-ce* frq., also byed-pa;

rol-mo mcod-par Jbul-ba to bring an

!G6~~.~. mrod-pa

~.£"''J.mUd.p« 1. to spread, to gaiu'1 ground, esp. of a fire. frq.; also

fig.: bdJg.gi i1od·ld!J8-lryi me mCid· pa'ns tile fire of voluptuousness spread orincreased within me D:l.; also in tbefollowing sense: mar-me rCig-ia rag mcrdIt<<r as onc kindles one light b)· anotherMil.; rei!] gleli rnyis gkl' 1'im-pru IItcM-deflS (tbe news) spread morc and ruol'e bygossipiog people Ptk -- ,kye-'meed .... ,kgI'.- 2. _ r!l6-ba, lIli-mkd-pai ddd--pa - ddd­pa brt611..po.

,~a;~'~:r mcb--p« the milt, spleen.

~~. 'IIlCo9 the best, t~e most cxcellciltin its kind, ,A'Jj(rs.bu m&g, mii mrog,

rka,j-)'1Iyis-rnuTll&-jyi mlog Buddha; "'yet­lttin-Un 'lila flOg-pa (or na) 1Ileog yilt-tefog-rtM Mags-pa byftl-pa rab yin Mil. thebest thing is, Dol to ha\'c been surprisedby sin, btd after having been surprised,it is the best to confess it (and thus toatone fol' it); )'$uli-mt!dg chief or funda­mental dOClJ'ine, mllin dogma, principalcommandment etc. Glr.; ,ia Jli JirrrtJnodi-na 1II00g I urn thc highest in the world(says Buddha immediately after his birth)Glr.; ynas-nIMg the most glorious or splen­did country Glt.; ro-mldg excelleut tnsteor flayour Mil,; 1/IIla8-mc6f;-I'Iwm8 mostlearned gentlemen Xam.; also as D compli­mentary word; mi 11/['09 fyod most honour­ed Sir! Pth.; mi'!og-dmdn, m&r! dmi (un­m.M, mrog dali P<il- pa, good and bad,first-rate and common, fine and ordinary,of goods etc.; eminent and ordinary, ofmental gifts, talCllt~ etc.; 1/IU:1-ta gyUl'"j>a- mOOg, e.g. mi-rnams-J.-yi nUli_7lU '",Mg­lu gyur-pa f''.if! one that has risen u.mongmen, so llS to become their chief Glr.;yUl-rnams-/.:yi mldg-tll 9!Jur-pa the mosLsplendid of countries. - Adv.: mt!!>g-tuvery, most, with yerbs: btin-po-la mMy-tumdt-pa Zig a great admirer of the BouposMil.; gen. with adjectives: ro 1/1t!6y-tu'7midl'-ba extremely sweet; with.. the com­parati"e: much, far, by far, greatly, de.

"V

bus ~lIrog-tU cro.,. is fur or much greaterthan that Dzl.

Compo Wlroy-lbyfll pyag-rglJu l\ gesturemade in practising mngic, in conjuring upor exorcising ghoats. - 'IIleog - ZN" themodel pair, the two most excellent amongstUuddha's disciples, Shnriibti lllld Mau­dgalgyibu, Y. Kiipp. - 1/1;:09-'1';,i longestTh!l!l.

~~. lIIt'(l1i Y. cO/i.

~ar~·.::r, ~ar~~r~' 7Ilco,i-ua, mi1mi'-pll tolea.p, to JUIllI), frq., e.g.

luI' into the wllter; 7Ili-seb-la among thepeople, e,g. of a mad dog).

,q~'qmcOd_pa (l'J I. vb. 1. to honour,revere, respect, receive with hon_

our, kun-gyi, ukUr zit. 7IllOd-pai ~08 worthyof being honoured and praised by all;usually ccapil'. (rarely dp.) in the special$Cnse: to hoooul' saints or deities by offer·iug articles of food, Oowers, music, thesound, adOUl' and Oavour of which theyare supposed to relish, hence to treat,entertain, regale (the gods), and in a. moregeneral sense applied nlso to lifeless ob­jects, e.g. to honollf a sepulchre in sucha manner; Glr. mCdti-pa may therefore inEnglish be sometimes translated by: tooffer, to sacrifice, but it should always lIeoorne in mind, that no idea of self-denil\lor yielding up a precious good (as ill im­plied by the English word), or of slaughter­ing, as in the Greek I!ufu', can be con­nected with the Tibetan word itself, thoughin practice bloody sacriiices, abllOrroo asthey are by pure Buddhism iu theory, nrenot quite unhenrd of, not only animalsbeing immolated to certain deities, butalso men notoriously noxious to religionslaughtered u.s dmar -m'&xl, red offering,to the dgra-lIw q.Y, - 2. G. resp, to e.t,drink, take, taste, (in liZ e:a:prcssed by·d6n-c,,).

II. sbst. offering, oblation, libation, 7IlWd­pa ",Ml-Im, W: ·fnil-h· frq., also uytd-pa;rdl· 7110 mCdd -lJllr ",uM - ba to bring nn

o

mcnd-/m

167

jfag-pa

offering of music Mil.: m<!6d-pa mu-fsdgs

togs-te carrying along with them all sorts

of offerings Glr.; mc6<l-j>i Kydd-par bcu

the ten kinds of offerings Tar. : Ilt<i-inc6d

offering or libation brought to a Ilia', Obru-

mcod an offering consisting of grain; dus-

mcod offerings presented at certain times

I 'tli.; rgyun-m&d daily offering; fig. dad-

pai mcod-pa Mil.; )'tan-rdy-tu syn'd>-pai

mcod-pa pul as a thanksgiving bring the

offering of meditation! Mil. -

Comp. mcod-Knit house or place of offer-

ings, of worship, Pth.\ adopted as an appel-lation for the temple of the Jews, as Ihd-

Kan could not be used Chr. Prot. mcdd-

Kri offering-table, Jewish altar, Chr. Prot.

-mcod-lcdy prob. the same, ('. mcod-

cd Glr. = mcod-rdzds. mcod-bijod words

of adoration, doxology. mcod-rten Ssk.

%3f (religious building) and ^rq (elevated

place, elevation, tumulus) 1. etymologically ;

receptacle of offerings ;2. usually : a sacred

pyramidal building, of a form varying in

different countries and centuries, esp. near

temples and convents, where often great

numbers of these structures are to be seen.

They were originally sepulchres, containingthe relics of departed saints, and therefore

called ydun -rten', afterwards they were

erected as cenotaphs, i. e. in honour of

deceased saints buried elsewhere, but in

more recent times they are looked uponas holy symbols of the Buddhist doc-

trine, v. Kopp. I, 533. mcod-steys offer-

ing-table, altar. -- mcod-stod Sch.: an

offering with a hymn of praise. mcod-

ston an entertainment, as sort of libation,

given to the priests Dzl.; perh. also a

sacrificial feast. -- mcod-sdon 1. Sch. =mcod-rten (?), 2. offering-lamp Sch., 3. the

wick of such a lamp (in this sense it is

used in a little botanical book). mcod-

ynds 1. prop, place where there is offered,

place of sacrifice. 2. the object to which

veneration is shown, image of a god Glr.,

sanctuary. 3. the offering priest, the sacri-

ficator. - -mcod-pa-po a sacrih'cer ( '*.

m^od-Jbid the offering of a sacrifice Cs.

mZod-sbi/in id. (though elsewhere

sbst., as a gift to deities, is distinct from

sbyin-jia a gift to men), also: sarrifieer;

mcod -sbyin

-yyi Odun - Kdii house where

people assemble in order to perform sa-

crifices; vrdg-yi mcod-sbyin bloody offer-

ings or sacrifices Tar. mewl-me offer-

ing-lamp, lighted in honour of a deity,

and very common in the houses of Bud-

dhists;*cod-mi pul-ce* W. to light such

a lamp, (prop, to offer it). mtod-rdzd*,

mcod-cd, mcod-pai yo-bydd instruments,

utensils, requisite for festival processionsin honour of a deity. mcod - somx or

-bsdms the upper shelves in the holy re-

positories, containing the little statues of

Buddha etc.

mcdr-po, sometimes jpy6r-po 1.

pretty, handsome, neat, elegant, po

mcor-po a handsome man, bud-med m?dr-

mo a pretty woman, esp. a smart gaily

dressed female. -- 2. W. also vain, con-

ceited.

Qcdg-can col. trodden, stamped;

solid, firm, compact, like the

Hindustani pakka.

<?a9-Pa ! Pf- ty (s) ] - * break

vb. n., mod cog-pa a broken vessel

l.' fig. na-ryydl cag my pride is broken,

frq.; der- byon -stabs cay the opportunity

of going there has been cut off Mil. ; *lam

cay -pa (also soy -pa)* C. a. a beaten,

practicable road (a road broken through,

v. Oceg-pa) b. W. an impracticable, broken-

up road. 2. to be broken off, abated,

beaten down from the price, zu-cdy-med-

par there being no room for either asking

or abating Mil. nt. -

II. also cdgs -pa, pf. bcags, fut. bcag

(imp. Ocogt) \. to tread, to walk, to move,

esp. when speaking respectfully or for-

mally, yab~mes-kyi zdbs-kyis bcdgs-ptti

sd-ca the place where my ancestors did

walk Glr. ; zabs cdgs-pai pyag pyir

follow me on my walk Mil. nt, - -

tu or Jfags- sti Offr6

- ba to take a walk

Dzl.', *gom-cag-1:f W. to step along so-

lemnly; aiy-peb-pa v. pydg-peb-pa.-

offering of music Mil.: 1I1Md-pa mll.fJdg.f6g.-te cltrr}'ing along with them all sorlsof offerings Glr.; '1I~I_pai It!Jutl·/'ul' beltthe len kinds of offerings 'l'ar.; 1I11l-lIIcdtloffering or lil»ttion brought to l\ lila; /ml­mOOd an offering consisting of groin; dlu­lIlltXl offerings presented Ilt ccrtRin timesPIA.; I'9'Jun-mOOd daily offering; fig. (Md­pai 1/IMd-pa Mil.; )'tati-l'ufJ·tu IJf/l'ub-paimc(xL·pa (ml ns A thllnksgiying bring theolferillg of nlcdil.tt.tioD! Mil. -

Compo 11ICdd-lfwi house or place of offer­ings, of worship, 1'tk; adopted as an appel­lation for the temple of the Jcws, as lIui­Vail could not be used Clw. Prot. - meM­I..'ri offering-table, Jewish altar, CI,I'. Prot.- 'II,'Cod-lroO prob. the same, G -mOOd­cd Gil'. - lIlCOO-rdztl3. - mOOd-bljOd wordsof ndomtioll, doxology. - 1IICod-I'ttln SJ.:.b (religious building) nnd ~ (t'lcvl1.tcdplace, cleYl\tion, tumulus) 1. etymologically;receptllcle of offerings; 2. usually: II Mcredpyrnmidnl building, of a. fonn vftlJing indifferent countries Md centuries, esp. neArtemples nnd convents, where oftcn grentnumbers of these l;tructnre8 nre to be ~een.

They were originally sepulchres, contniningthe relics of depnrted saints, and thereforecnlled }"d",j - I'thl; aftcrwnrds they wercerectcd as cenotaplls, i. e. in honour ofdecensed saints buried elsewhere, but inmore recent times they are looked uponl\S holy symbols of the Buddhist doc­Irine, v. K6pp. I, 533. -lII'tod-ath,fl offer­ing - table, altar. - ",Cod· !/Jd Sell.: llnoffering witb' l\ hymn of praise. - tl'Cod­.tQn an entertainment, AS sort of libRtion,gi"en to the pric6ls Dzl.; perl,. lllso asacrificial feast -- 11100.[- sd&i 1. &/1. ­mOOd-11m (?), 2. offering-lamp &1<., 3. thewick of such l\ lamp (in this sense it isused in a little botnnicnl book). -mCod­rna., 1. prop. place where there is offered,place of sacrifice. 2. the object to whichyenemtion is shown, image of a god GII'.,sanctuary. 3. the offering priest, the sacri­fator. - 7Ilcdtl-pa-po ll. sacriflcer C•. ­m"lod-.obUl Ole offering of a iilClifiOi:l'ti. -

167

",lod.,byi", id. (though e1~where1I1l«l-paslm., ItS R gift 10 deities, is distinct fromwy;1I -I'a a gift to men), abo: '!'enficer;7/1(0([- 'btI,"n. !/!Ji odutl. /faij house wllerepeople IIssemble in order to Ill.'rlorm p.

crifices; twdg-gi lII00d••byln bloody offer·ings or sacrifices 7'al'. - mcoo·me Dffer­ing -lamp, liglJted in honour of • deity.and very common in tile houses of Bud­dhists; ·Cod-mt fnll.feo IV. to light lIuell" lamp, (prop. to olTer it). - mbxl-rd:IiI,mOOd - cd, mcOd-pai yo-byod instrumentl,utensils, requisito for festi""j Ilroc~sion$

iu honour of il. deity. - mCod· iQ"lI or-hianu the upper sllclves in the 'holy re·positorics, contnining the little stlltues ofBuddhil. etc.

~~.'-f mw'-po, sometimes J1JOr-rJO 1.pretty, handsome, neat, elegant, Po

mCdr-po a handsomc maD, lmtl-m&l mror·1710 a. pretty woman, esp. a smart sNlydressed female. - ~. ~v. "Iso vain, con-­ceited.~~ ocrio-cfln col. trodden, stamped;

. solid, firm, compact, like theHindustnni pakka.~':r o&o-pa l. pc. 'till) (s) 1. fo break

vb. n., ulod 'lag-pa .. broken v~tD::i.; fig. ,ia-rgydl cag my pnde is broken,frq.; dn·· o!JyQlI·,iaN cag tIle opportunityof going there has been cut off Nif.; °lamcay-pa (also iofJ·pa)· C. ft... beaten,practicable road (ft road broken through,v. oUy-pa) b. lV. An imprActicable, broken­up rOAd. - 2. to be broken off, ftbaLed.benlen down from the price, Zll--oog-mt'tl­pal' there being no room for either asking

or abating Mil. "t. -n. Illso ca!p -pa, pc. hearl', fut. bi:tIfI

(imp. oC09') J. to tread, to walk, to move,eSj). when speaking respcctfull}' or for·mally, tJOh-'/1ltl.Ayi zdht·k!Ji. bb.i!/f.paila-ra the pllU:e where my ancestors didwnlk Gir.; zab. cafP· pat Jit/ag fyir .9"0follow me on m}' walk Mil. III. - o'lag­tu or ow!!' -.m o!l'oO ·lxl to t"ke .. walkDtl.; °gQ,f1.CQI)·U· W: to step IUong s0­

lemnly; Ug+lltfr.pu v. p!Jd!J-jJeb-pa. - 2.

168

Ocdgs-pa

like Ogro-ba in a more general sense: bzon-

pa -la, cibs - la to ride in a carriage, on

horseback 6s.

gs-pa 1 v. Ocdg-pa.-- 2.

sometimes forOceg-pa.

<>%(*)- a place for walking,

Lexx., Cs.

O cdn-ba, pf. beans, fut. 6ca'/i, imp.

co/;(s), 1. to hold, to keep, to take

hold of, skrd-la by the hair Mil. Ocan-

zuns handle, crook of a stick, Mil. 2.

to carry, to wear, to carry about one, e.g.

amulets etc. - 3. (yid-la) to keep in

memory, in one's mind. --4. to have, to

assume, e.g. the body of a goddess, of a

Rakshasi Pth.

Ocdns-pa W. a (closed) handful

e.g. of dough; *cdns-bu* a clod

(of clay), a snow-ball etc. formed in the

hand.

nxr'j" Jt4d-$a I- pf- cad, vb. n. to ycod-

pa, like cod -pa, to be cut into

pieces, to be cut off, to decay, dum-bur

(to fall) to pieces Med.; to cease, end,

Stop, of diseases Glr., of life Lex.; to cease

to flow or to blow, of water or wind; to

die away, to become extinct, of a family,a generation ;

to be consumed, of provisionsPth. of bodily strength Thgy.; to be decided,

fcyod-kyis bsdd -

par Ocdd - na you beingdetermined to kill me Dzl. -

II. pf. and fut. bsad, imp. sod 1. to

explain, ^og-tu Qcad it will be explainedbelow Lt.

; yid- la byos sig dan bsdd - do

give heed, and I will explain it to you

Stg.; Ocad nydn-pa to listen to an expla-nation Sch.

; )ig cos ftam Ocdd-pa to teach

the transitoriness of existence Sch. (?)-

2. to tell, to relate.

O cdb-pa, pf. bcabs, fut. bcab, imp.

cob to conceal, to keep secret, O cdb-

pa-med-pai sems a candid mind, open-heartedness Stg. (cog. to ^jdb-pd).

Ocdm-pa I. vb. (pf. beam Lex?),

also adj. and sbst. to accord, to

agree, agreeing, agreement, srid-la mi pam-pas as they did not agree about the go-

vernment Glr.; Ocam byed-pa to make

agree, to reconcile Mil., *cam mi cam*

col. they do not agree; fca Ocdm-pa to

agree upon, to concert, e.g. an escape;fca

Ocdm-par by concert, unanimously.II. 1. to dance, Ocdm-par bijed-pa Sch.

2. a dancer, Kro Ocdm-pa a dancer with

a frightful mask; gar- cdm(s) a dauce;

Ocdm-po a dancer Glr.\ Ocam-dpon leader

of a dance; Ocdm-yig book or programmeof a dance.

^cB^* c-a Ld., Sp. cupboard.

nxn-n* O cd-ba I- pf- bcas, rarely O cas, fut.

bca, imp. cos, to make, prepare,

construct, but used only in reference to

certain things; 1. ynas, vulg. fsaii, Ocd-ba

Pth. to prepare a place, house or abode,

to settle; mal Ocd-ba to make a bed or

couch Cs.; dmag-sgdr Ocd-ba to pitch a

camp ;Krims-ra Qcd-ba to establish a court

of justice Glr. 2. rgi/al- fcrims Ocd-ba

to draw up a law, to give laws, frq.-

3. dam Ocd-ba to make a vow, to promise,

assert, protest, frq ; yi-dam Ocd-ba id.;

also to utter a prayer; dam -bca v. sub

dam. 4. skyil-krun cd-ba = skyil-kruu

byed-pa, v. skyil-ba. 5. blo-ftdd Ocd-ba,

c. c. la, to place confidence in.

II. to bite, ycig-la yc\g Ocd-zin zd-la

to bite and devour one another Dzl.; so

Ocd-ba to bite with the teeth (?) Mng., or

to gnash or grind the teeth (?); sin Ocd-ba

to gnaw at a piece of wood Stg.

X' Ocar-rgydn}or Ocar-cdn a present

'

given reluctantly Sch. (?)

n xr-n* oCdr-ba, pf. sar, to rise, appear,

become visible, of the sun etc.,

also of the sun's appearing above a moun-

tain, from behind a cloud etc., frq.; to

Shine, gans-ri-la nyi-ma sar-ba the shining

of the sun upon a mountain covered with

snow, a snowy mountain lit up by the

rays of the sun Glr. ; yzugs-brnydn mi

Ocar-ba the not appearing of the imagewhich is formed by the reflection of a

mirror (as something strange and surpris-

ing) Wdit', yzugs Ocdr-ba byed-pa to cause

an image to be reflected (in the water);

168

like o!ll'Q-ba in a more genCl'al sense: b::6n­pu -La, Cibs ... La to ride in 11 carriage, onhorseback u. .~~.q ocdgs-pa 1 .... ocdg-pa. - 2.

sometimes for o'teg-pa.~(~.~. ocdg(s)-sa a place for ""!lIking,

Lc:rJ:., C,.~'.::r oC«"-ba, pr. beaiis, rut. bcui!, imp.

aui(8), 1. to hold, to keep, to ukehold of, skrti·la by the llllir Mil. - oean­zli;,j, handle, crook of II stick, Mil. - 2.to carry, to wear, to cnrry about one, e.g.amulets etc. - 3. (yid-la) to keep inmemory, in one's mind. - 4. to have, toaSSllme, e. g. the body of n goddess, of aHakshasi J'th.

ap;c:.~'=J' oedlis-pa lv. a (closed) handfule.g. of dough; ·oon8-Jm* :I clod

(of clny), a snow-ball etc. formed in thehnnd.~~'.q ocddiJu 1 Ilf. cad, \'b. n. to l'i:dd-

pa, like l!dd - pa, to be !lui intopieces, to be cut (Iff. to decay, diml'" bu"(to full) to pieces MeJ.; to cease, end,stop, of diseases Gl,.., of life Lu.; to ceaseto flow or to blow, of water or wind; todie away, to become extinct, of 1\ family,Il generation; to be consumed, of provisionsPtl,. of bodily strength TAU!!'; to be decided,ltyM - ~'!Ii8 b3dd - pal' ocdd. na you beingdetermined to kill me Dzl. -

II. pf. and fut. ~ad, imp. 300 1. toexplain, ~tX.rtu ocad it will be f'.xplainedbelow Lt.; yra ·la b!JO' Ug dati bAdd· dogh'e heed, and I will explain it to youSty.; ,,'Cad nydtl-pa to listen to un exp!:l.­nation &11.; ,,)0 &3 rtanl"ldd-pa to teachthe transitoriness of existence Seil-. (?) ­2. to tell, to relate.~'.q oldb-pa, pc. bcahs, fut. bCah, imp.

cob to conceal, w keep seCi'et, ocdb­pa--med ~ pai 8im8 a candid mind, open­heartedness Stg. (cog. to Jdb-pa).~.Q' ocdm-pa I, l·b. (pC. beam la.),

also adj. and sbst. to accord, toagree, agreeing, agreement, !"id-la mi "cdm­pas as tbey did not agree about' the go­

\'ernment Gl,..; "cam byJ6.-ffQ to ml1~

agree, to reconcilc Mit., ~cam mi Canl~

col. they do not agree; l!a ocdm. pa toagree ullon, to concert, e.g. nn escape;lCa )'dm-lXir lIy conccn, ummirnously.

II. 1. to dance, "cam-par b!Jid-pa Sell.2. a dancer, Ib'o ocdm-pa a dancer witha frightful mask; !Ial'~ocdm(s) a dance;"cdm-1M a dancer Gt,..; ocam-dpdn lenderof n. dance; ocdm·yiu book or programmeof n. dancc.

c;a;a.' oca LJ., S1" clIpboanl.

Q,e5(.l',:::r "cd-ba 1. pC. bbu, rarely ocas, fut."" bi:a, iDlfl. ~, to make, prepare,

COlIStruct, but u~cd only in reference tocertain tbings; 1. J'nOJl, "ulg_ (sa,;, "ca-ba}'th. to prepare a pl:lce, house or abode,to settle; mal ocu../)a to make n. bed or('oucb {,3.; llmag-3£laJ' ocd·b« to pitch l\

Cllmp; lirfms-I'a ..cd·ba to estnblish a courLof ju~ticc Gll'. - 2. 1"!Jyal- lM~ .cd·bato draw up a law, to givp. laws, frq. ­3. (lam "cd.ba to make a vow, to promise,assert, protest, frq;!Ji - Jam ocd - ba id.;also to utter l\ prayer; (lam-b'll v. subdam. - 4. Jqfl7./':dl.l' cd-b«-skyil-kl'uumJM-ptl, v. uyfl-ba. - 5. blo--rttid .,cd-ba,c. c. la, to place confidence in.

II. to bite, rCifl ·la r(;ig oi!d.Zi,' zd·lato bite and devour one lIDother D::l.; 30

ocd-ba to bite with the teeth (?) Mrig., orto gnash or grind the teeth (~); jhj ocu-bato gnaw at u. piece of wood Sty.A~d1.~ ..cal'-''fIydll, or oCaI'·Cdn a present

..;J given reluctantly &11. (P)~a;.::;:r "car- ba, pf.3al', to rise, appear,

become visible, of the SUD etc.,also of tlle sun's appearing ;Ibo\'e a moun­tain, from behind n. cloud etc., frq.; toshine, ywis.r;"la ll!Ji-ma ~ar-ba the shiningof tbe SUD upon a mountain covered withsnow, 3 snowy mountain lit up by theruys of the sun Gll'.; Y:IUJ8 - brnydn mio/Jar. ba the not appclIring of the imagewhieh is formed b}" the reflection of nmirror (M something strange tlnd surpris­ing) J:V(bi; r::ufls cca,...ba byid-pa to causaan imnge ~ bo reflecled (in the water);

</////(l-ka bar spring has appeared; frq. of

thoughts: nydms -su, or yid

- la ?dr - ba

(thoughts) rising in one's mind; yid -la

.say///<///

.I///, though I can figure it in

my mind; yrt'>y$-su Ocar (they) appear as

tVicuds Mil.\ ryydn-du Ocar Mil. it turned

into a blessing.--

Ocdr-sgo thought, idea,

conception, O cdr-syo Obyu/i an idea comes,

a (happy) thought, a (new) light, bursts

upon me Mil.; Ocar-ya Mil. the rising, the

rise.

nxQrn* Ocdl-ba^ secondary form to O col-

ba II., 1. ('s.: to fluctuate men-

tally; in this sense prob. Zam. ytad-mcd

Ocdl-ba to fluctuate, to waver, without aim

or object. 2. to be confused, in disorder.

smra- cdl, also Ocal-)'tdm smra Lt, as

a morbid symptom, prob. he raves, he

talks nonsense. 3. morally: tsul-Krims

Ocdl- ba S. g. to break one's vow

,bsldb-

pa to act contrary to the doctrine, to

violate it Tar. ; in a more restricted sense :

- 4. to fornicate, to commit adultery, bud-

med smad- cdl byed-pa a whore, harlot

Mil.; Jcdl-pa, -po lecher, fornicator Sty.;

Ocdl-pa-rnams-kyi fsiy obscene language,

mentioned as sub-species of kydl-ka; Ocdl-

mo whore. *cal-la-col-U* W.}

col- col

Tar. 184, 20 confusedly, pellmell.

Q^'n- O ci-ba, pf. si, 1. vb. to die, of a

flame: to go out; ran O cio I will

seek death Dzl.; O ci-ba yin he dies, will

die S.y.; O ci or si-ba-las sds-par Ogyur-baDzl. to be saved from imminent dangerof death (but not: to rise from the dead);

Oci-bar byed-pai cu water causing death

Sambh.; si-bar yyur-to they perished Pth.

- 2. sbst., the state of dying, death, Oa-

ba tsdm - du Oyyur- ba to die almost (of

grief etc.) Mil.; dus-min Oci-ba nyun-ba

yin premature death rarely occurs Sambh.',

Oci-ba nam yon ca med Mil. when death

will come one does not know, ( W. *si-ce*

to die; death; *si son* he has died, *&'

yin* he will die).

Comp. O ci-Ka ('s.: 'the very act of dying,'

but I doubt whether such a sbst. exists;

I only know the adv. 9ci-kar at his very

dying, at the point of death Mil., when

being exstinguished Glr. (v. Kar nub Ka

IV. 4,.

r

>), and Qci-ka~ma I. adj. dying, dud-

^-o ci-Ka-ma a dying animal Glr.- "L

sbst. the dying, jti- ka - ma - ru <f/-^or

(doubtful); %i-kar and Oci-gar may be

incorrect spellings. &'-/&, more rarely

Jti(-bai) rtdys forebodings, foretokens of

death Med. Oci-bddg the lord of death,

perh.=

ysin-rje, but it seems to be more

a poetical expression than a mythological

personage; Oci-bddg bdud id. &- noda disease causing death, a fatal disease

Tar. Oci-ba-po Cs.; a person dying (?)

Oci-(ba)-med(-pa') immortal; cf. ti-ba.

- Note. Oci jpo-ba is prob. only a rather

incorrect, yet common expression for fa

Opo-ba to change one's place of existence,

to transmigrate.

o%00-P * bind &/<., prob.

an incorr. spelling for Kyiy-pa.

-?*-^: *:paL

L

vb., pf. 6/ia, fut. bcui,

imp. /i(s), W. *cin-ce*, to bind (in ge-

neral) ;to fetter (a prisoner) Dzl.

; to bind

or tie up, to cord, a bundle or package;

to tie round, to put on, a girdle Glr.; to

bind up, to dress, wounds; fig. to render

harmless, to neutralize, paralyze, esp. by

witchcraft, to exorcise, frq.; bciiis ^rdlrba

to untie, to loosen, to take off the dress-

ings Lt. -

II. sbst. any binding-material 1. ribbon.

mgul-ci/is necklace, neckcloth, neckerchief.

- 2. fetter, shackle, also fig. for magic

curse, anathema. - - 3. string, tie. 4.

cramp, spasm C.

Q^-..

oci/i-bu a spurious, glass jewel^(Schf. Tar. 142, 9); bsam-yas-

O cin-bu p. n. Ma.

mp. M resp. to ascend, to

mount, a horse or carriage, rtd-la, or more

correctly cibs-la, to ride, to proceed on

horseback.

Ociins-pa to be full, to get full

11*

a.~'.q' "ldl.ha

dp!lid-l:a Je". spring Ill\s npllCftred; frq. ofthoughts: nylillla.au, or yifl-La lfir-ba(thoughts) rising in one's milld; yill.la'Ilr l:yaii Mii. though I eM figure i~ inmy mind; f/loQgHU ,,car (they) nppenr lUI

friend$ ,Mil.; T9ydll-dU ocar Mil. it turnedinto a blessillg. - )!dl' -ago thought, idea,conception, ocar-ago obywi an idea comes,II (happy) thought, a (new) ligllt, burstsupon me Mil.; ocal'""9a lUi[. the rising, therise.~2Y'.-r.q· .'tal-ba, secondnry form to oCdl-

ba IJ., 1. Ca.: to fluctuate men­Ially; in this scnse prob. Zam. rtad-mU.i!dl-lJa to fluctuote, to WlIo\'er, without aimor objcct. - t. to be confused, in disorder,anrm - .cdl, also .cal- rtdm ,mra Lt., ns:\ morbid symptom, prob. he rnves, betalks nonsellSC. - 3. morally: tsul- flrinuocdl- ha S. g. to break one's vow, ~ldlJ..

pa w 1\oC~ contrary to the doctrille, toviolate it 1'ar.; in a more restricted sense:- 4. to fornicate, to commit adultery, bud­mM, amoo - .cdl byld _pa a whore, hfLrlotMil.; .cdl-pa, -po lecher, fornicator Stg.;.cdl-pa-''71anu-hJi 60 obscene language,mentioned ns sub-species of kydl-ka; .cal­mo 'Whore. - °'fa[·la_OOl_li" HZ, cal-ldl'1'ar. 184, 20 confusedly, pellmell.Q.~..q' .ci-bu, pf. ii, 1. vb. to die, of Uo

flAme: to go out; "ali .cil> I \VilIseck death D::.l.; .Ci-lJa yin be dies, willdie S.g.; .ci or ;i-ba·laa ada-par o!I.,/ur-baD::l. to be saved from imminent dangerof dentb (but not: to rise from the dead);;R-bal' bybl-pai en water cl\usillg death&mM.; 'i-!Jar gyilr_w they perished Ptll.- 2. sbst., the state of dyillg, death, o~ba tsam-drt o!I!Jiu-ba to die almost (ofgrief etc.) Mil.; dua-min .Ci-ba llyiln.bayin premature dead! rarely occurs So.mbh.;0"8-00 nam yon co. ?ned Mil. wben dcuthwill come one does not koow, (W: o,i-W'to die; denth; °Ai !()Iio he has died, °AiyinO he will die).

Compo ..a-J..'a u,: 'the very ut of dyillg,'but I doubt whctlter such :\ sb6t. exists;I only know the a.d.v. ;Ci..J:ar at hill ~\'Y

169

dying, At the point of demb Alii., whenbeing cxstinguilhcd Gir. (Y. fill' aub taIV. 4, .~), lmd .cj·J.'tl-nta l. .tlj. dying, lINd­.grtJ .Ci -/fa -1rJa a dying Mima! Glr.; '2.5bst. the dyillg, .li-l:a."ja-,.._li~~1II'

(doubtful); oci - ka,. And "8-gar rna, beincorrcct spellioKll. - ;S-lku, mo~ ~IJoCiHlIli) rwga forebodings, foretokens ofdeath Mtd. - .Ci-bddg the lord of death,perh. - pin-Ije, but it seelOs to be more1\ poetical cxpression than a mythologiulpcrsontLge; ;Ci-lx1UfI Mud id. - on-nddII disease C/l.using death, a fatal diseaseTnr. - ;li-iJ~po lA.; a pcrsoo dyiog(?)- oci.(ba)-11I/d(-pa) immortal; e£. J1-M.- Note. oCi #60. is proh. only a ~berincorrec~, yct common expression for (u

.po..oo to ehlUlge one's pIau of exis\ence,to trnnsmigrnte.

~(~•.Q. ;lig{a).opa to bind Sell., prob.an inoorr. spelling for i..'yig-pa.

~..::r a.~~'.Q' ;lin-ba, .Ciii'-JIIl I., vb.,pf.bi:ii13,fut.hCUi,

imp. ;[;1;(3), W. °an_te', to bind (in ge­nernl); to felter (II prisoner) D::.l.; to bindor tie up, to cord, 1\ bundle or pl\ekage;10 tie round, to put 00, a girdle Glr.; tobind up, to dress, wounds; fig. to renderharmless, 10 neutralize, paralyze, esp. bywitchcraft, to exorcise, frq.; bCm3 ~bat.o untie, to loosen, to take olf the dress­ings Lt.-

11. sbst. any binding.mAteriAl J. ribbon,lIlgul-cbi. necklace, neckcloth, n~kerchief._ t. fetter, shackle, also fig. for mAgiccurse, anatheml\. - 3. string, tie. - 4.cramp, spasm C.~.~ • •CiJi _btl a spurious, glass jewel

(Sellf. Ta,.. 142, D); /i,am - ya'­.c;'i../.nt 1" D. Mo..

"'~(~r:r ;lib('rl"" pf. />HI», f,. bIib,imp. cw. resp. to ascend, to

mount, a horse or cllrriage, 1'w../", or morecorrectly cw. -la, to ride, to p~ onhorseback.

.w-.Q" i'''u- pa to be full, to get fullrSt:!I.

11'

c6l-pa

Ocir-ba, evidently a present-formof the pf. cir-ba, to press, to squeeze.

Ocu-ba I. ace. to grammatical ana-

logy 1. vb. n. to fcud -pa, to be

twisted, distorted, pf. O cus.- - 2. sbst. cur-

vature, crookedness, distortion. --3. adj.,

more frq. Ocus-pa crooked, Wry, !ca- ms Wdn.the mouth being wry, distorted Lt- also

obstinately perverse; fig. yig-Q cus Med. frq.,

prob.=

Kam-log.II. pf. bcus, fut. bcu, imp. cus, W. *cu-

ce*, 1. to lade or SCOOp (water), cu-mig-lacu to draw water from a well Dzl.; cu-

fom water- conduit Sch. 2. to irrigate,

to water, zin a field 6s. (?)

III. ndn-gyis Ocu-ba-la Tar. 127, 6,

when he was pressed hard, was urged with

importunity; (this signification, however,seems to rest only on this passage).

q<qm- Ocug -pa to be mistaken Pth., \.

Opyug-pa.

fte5<W o^n-pa, evidently vb. n. to Jtin-

pa, hence 1. to be tamed, subdued,made to yield, stobs-kyis by force, Ids-kyis

by hard work. - - 2. to confess 6s. --3.to wrap or twist Sch. 4. to fix Sch.

5. to fix one's self Sch.', Ocdl-sar Ocun en-

tangled in vicious indulgences Sch.

o^m(s)-pa 1. to wish, to longfor Leas. - - 2. to shrink 6s.

o^e-ba, pf- bees, O ces (Sch.), fut.

bee, imp. ces, 1. to assure, to pro-

mise, Kas Jie-ba Lex., resp. zdl-gyis

O ce- ba id. 2. resp. for smrd -

ba, like

ysun-ba (?)

qJqrq- %-P ? also Ocdg(s)-pa, pf. 6sa^s,

fut. 6sa^, imp. sog, W. *sdg-ce*,1 . to Cleave, to split, sin wood

; sog-les Oceg-

pa to saw Sch.; Oceg-byed (a thing) that

cleaves, a hatchet 6s. -- 2. to confess, to

acknowledge; v. also bsdg-pa and sog -pa.

Oced-pa an incorr. form of cdd-paor meed-pa.

Ocems-pa, pf. 6cws, fut. fom,to chew J/ed

O cel-ba 6s. 1. to believe, give cre-

dit to; blo- cel-ba (?) col. id. -

2. Lexx. zen-pa to wish (?).

wall

4 W7

".,

*

con-ba, c6ns-paSch.

Ocdn-ba.

! =Ocdm-pa Glr. and

Lexx. 2. vb. n. to ^jams-paa corns sow* now it is done.

Ocdr-po=

mcor-po.

Ocor-ba I. vb. n., pf. sor, 1. to

escape, slip, steal away; to drop

from, ston-mo sor-gyis as the meal escaped

him, as he was deprived of the meal Dzl. ;

rtsa-k'rdg Ocor-ba hemorrhage, bloody flux

Med.; bkrag- cor without splendour, lustre-

less; nor O cor the money is gone, spent,lost TJtgy.; sdom-pa Ocor the duty is vio-

lated Glr.; me-la, cu-la Ocor-ba to be con-

sumed by fire, carried off by water; *can

mi fun de - ne Ka mi sor* W. I will not

drink any beer, then the mouth cannot

run away, i. e. then no indiscreet wordswill escape my mouth; to flow out, to run,

of a leaking vessel, to run over, of a full

one. -- 2. to come out, to break out, frq.of fire

; Krug-pa sor a quarrel, a war broke

out, also of water breaking through an

embankment etc. 3. to go over, to pass,

from one person or thing to another, rgydl-sa Bod-nas Me-nydg-la sor the supreme

power passed from Tibet to Tanggut Glr. ;

yzdn-gyi dbdn-du sor then I shall get into

the power of another Mil. ; rkun-ma-la sor

it became the prey of a thief. 4. W.to run away, flee, escape, elope, inst. of

Ofr/-o's-

pa, *sor-te ca-dug* he retires, falls back.

II. vb. a., pf. (o)sor, fut. ysor (?) 1.

to pursue, chase, hunt after, ri-bon rgyashares by means of nets; nya Ocor-ba to

fish Dzl.\ 6s. also to strain (?); Ocor-sgega seducer; a swaggerer Sch. (cf. sgeg-pd).

2. to light, kindle, set on fire(?)

Ocol-pa 1. disorderly, dissolute, im-

moral. 2. disorderly action or

conduct, dissoluteness, Oc6l-pa sna-fsogs

spydd-pa committing several acts of im-

morality Wdn. -- fcro-bo- ol-pa n. of a

demon. (Cf. Jdl-ba II).

170

~~.:r "cir-ba, evidently Q. presen~fQrm

of the pr. fir-ba, to press, to squeeze.l;d)'::r ocu-ha I. Me. to ,::-rarnmatical ana·

'" logy]. vb. n. to Tcud. pa, to betwisled, distorted, pf. "em. - 2. sbst. cur­vature, crookedness, distortion. - 3. adj.,more Crq. oclis-pa crooked, wry, l:a-"M Wd",the mouth being wry. distorted Lt.; alsoobstinately perverse; fig. yiy'oCla Ned. Crq.,prob. - Ram-ldg.

II. pI. hem, fut. bru, imp. nu, W: -Mt­i:e., 1. to lade or scoop (water), eu-mig.laCit to drnw water from a well Dd.; eu­(6m water- condnit Seh. - 2. to irrigate,to water, zi,i a field Ca. (Y)

m. nan-yyU "cu-ba-la Tar. 127, 6,when he was pressed hard, was urged withimportunity; (this signification, however,seems to rest only on this PflSSag(\).

a.~'.q' "cug - pa to be mistaken Pil•., v.'" .,p!Jfig-pa.a~.q "cun-pa, evidently vb. n. to Jun-

'" pa, hence 1. to be tamed, subdued,made to yield, 3iOhs-l:!Ji3 by foree, iUs-legisby hard work. - 2. to confess IA. - 3.to wrap or twist Sel,. - 4. to fix Sell. _5. to fix one's self &/1.; )!«l4w' orun en­tangled in vicious indulgences SeA.~~(~)'tr owm(3)-pa I. to wish, to long

"¥ for Le.-e. - 2. to shrink O.~'.::r oce- ba, pf. b;:es, o?"t3 (&A.), fut.

bee, imp. &3, 1. to assure, to pro­mise, /leu ole - ba Le.-e., resl). zdl - gy/3oce - 00 id. - 2. resp. for 3mrd - ba, likeysim-ba (?)~~.:r ociy-pa, also oldg(8)-pa, pf. lMag3,

fut. /;jag, imp. 3Of/, lV °idy_U',1. to cleave, to split, i1ii wood; 3dg-it3 o"g­pa to saw &/1.; o"Clg-byid (a thing) thatc1elwcs, a hatchet C3. - 2. to confess, toacknowledge; Y. also bldg-po. aDd My-pa.~":r ocM-pa an iDCOrr. form of cdd-pa

or mcb.!-pfl.t:l~~.::r ocef/M-pa, pf. bCena, fut. bCem,""\ to chew .Aled.~~I:::r oCti-ba ca. I. to believe, give ere·

dit to; hkJ-oc~l-ba (?) cill id. _2. J.A;u. = zen-P/l to wis/t(?). l

'\:#1]. ,roy wall &h.

~~'.:::r ~~ ..~r oCdJi-ba,ocon3-pa&h., . - - oCdll-ba.

t:l~~r.:r oCdl1a-pa 1. - Jdm-pa GIl". andi Le.u. _ 2. vb. n. to J61713-pa4 W, °Ja C<Jm3 3O.i· now it is done.

~;p;,:'f oCq/,-PO - moor-po.

C\~:..:::r ocdr-ba I. vb. n., pf. ,or, 1. toescape, slip, steal away; to dl1lp

from, 3tt1n-mo 361'-fJ!J~ as the menl escapedhim, as he was deprived of the meal IJ::i.;rf311-l:'/'dg oMr-ba hemorrhagp., bloody l1uJ:MM.; bkJ'llg-"C6r without splendour, luslre­less; nor ,,~or the money is gone, spent,lost TII!J!I.; 3d6m.-pa "ror the duty is "io­lated Gir.; 'IIle-la, l!l-lll "i!6r-ba to be con­sumed by firt', cfll"ried off by water; ·'1Uimi fUll de· 11! ~'a mi .!oro W: I will notdrink any beer, then the mouth cannotrun away, i. e. then no indis~t woros.....ill escape my mouth; to flow out, to run,of a leaking vessel, to run over, of II. fullone. - 2. to come out, to break out, frq.of lire; ollrog-pa ior a quarrel, a war brokeout, also of water breaking through anembankment etc. - 3. to go over, to pass,from one person or thing to another, ruydl­3a /ltid...nll8 Me-nydg-lll ~or the supremepower pllilsed from Tibet to Tangglit Gir.;rzdn-!J!Ii dlxiti-<ZIt .!or then 1 shall get intothe power of another Mil.; I'/..-un-mll-Ia $01'it became the prey of l' thief. - 4. W:to run away, flee, escape, elope, inst. of ,,/:mh­pll, o;'dr_te ;;~Ju!t he retires, falls back.

II. vb. n., pf. (b)Wr, fut. r3Q1' (?) 1.to pursue, chase, hunt after, ri-boti rg!Jeuhares by means of nets; nya "c6r-OO tofish IJ;:/'; C3. also to strain (?); "CoJ~a seducer; It swaggerer &h. (cf. ~-pa).- 2. to light, kindle, set on fire (1)t:l,dYir~' "c61.pa 1. disorderly, dissolute, im-

moral. - 2. disorderly w.;tion orconduct, dissoluteness, "ldl- pa ""ina - fWrJ33pgdd.po. committing several acts of im­morality lVd,i. - A:ro-bo-,,61. pa n. of ademon. (Cf. "cdl-ba IT).

171

- <Wa Ll)

to entrust a |>-r>on with a

t> commit a thing to another's charge; to

make, appoint, <//-/</ r</i/<H-po J-6l-lo tin -\

iniiclf him kin-,' 7V//.; btsun-mo-la rtd-r<l:i

/'<>/ - lo they made the queen tend the

horses Glr.; fab- -,y6g Oc6l big he maybe employed as a kitchenboy, scullion

yv//.; dban-med-du Oc6l-ba to make one

powerless, to compel by authority Glr.;

l>i-ol - bai ynyer Lex. manager; ffll-bai

no Ler. intercessor; pi-ivdn-la ram- d*gs

bcol-nas glu blafis she sang with accom-

paniment of the guitar (lit. committing

the accompaniment to the guitar) Glr.;

*kyab col-la* (for Ocol-du) *yon-ce* W. to

place one's self under another man's pro-

tection. -- 2. to commit, commend, recom-

mend, Ids Ocol-ba to commission one with

an affair or transaction; resp. prin(-las)

Ocol- 6a, though prin (-/as) seems to be

sometimes a mere pleonasm: ban -so yul

del //Hi-xriiit-i'nams-la prin-bcol mdzdd-do

(the king) recommended the sepulchre to

the tutelar gods of the country Glr.; *col-

f>' l>6r-c(* W. to deposit a thing for tem-

porary keeping.

II. = Ocdl-ba 1. 6s. to change, to turn

aside (?)-- 2. to be thrown together con-

fusedly, e.g. of the loose leaves of a (Ti-

betan) book; Ocol-bar bytd-pa to put in

disorder, to confuse, to confound Ma.',

dge-sdig ^col-bar Ogro virtue and vice

are confounded Ma.; *'i le-ka <!6l dug*

W. this affair goes wrong, turns out badly;

in a sp,-rial sftn^-: to rave, to be delirious

t'.;*col -lab yydb-pa* 6'. id.; *y/W

lat>-pu, gyay-pa* C., to talk confutedlywhilst being heavy with sleep; *c<tl-l.<t' <

senseless talk;*col-In //-/// /-./. ...i-tmj*

W. being of a mixed race; illegitimate or

bastard child, bastard. 3. morally: to

break a vow; *a-ne col son* he has broken

his vow on account of a woman, i.e. by

having married.

Oc6l-ma Cs.: 1. a thing committed

to another's care. 2. a sly, crafty

woman, Sch. a dissolute woman.

%08-pa I. pf. bcos or Oc<w, fut. 6&>,

imp. cos, supine bcda-su Dzl. %,

4, W. *c6-i-e*, pf. and imp. *co**, to make,

make ready, prepare, to construct build, a

bow, a road etc. Glr.; Oco&-am am I to

build? Glr.; dres-ma fag-par Oc6s-pa to

make ropes out of dresma (a kind of grass)

prop, to work dresma into ropes, Glr. ;

yzab Ocos-pa to adjust one's ornaments

Sch. ; lits Ocos-pa to dress, to trim one's self

up Sch.; -/sdr-du Ocos-pa to renew, reno-

vate, repair Sch.; Uun-ba j'n/ir Ocos-pa Tttr.

95, 20 perh. to retouch, amend, correct,

improve.-- fsul- cos hypocrisy, a mere

outward performance of religious rites and

observances Mil., fsul- cos ma byas spyod-

pa to live without hypocrisy Mil.; fsul- cos-

mKan hypocrite. fsi//- ?os-pa or bcfo-

pa ace. to 6s. also an established rule or

canon.

II. Sch.: to gnaw off (secondary form

to $d-ba).

ja 1. the letter j, media, palatal, like

the Italian gi in Giovanni, g in giro;

in 6'. as initial deep-sounding and aspirat-

ed, }/t.- - 2. numerical figure: 7. 3.

tea, resp. ysol-ja. For the trade in Cen-

tral Asia it is pressed into brick-shaped

lumps, a portion of which, when to be

used, is pulverized and boiled, having been

well compounded with butter and salt or

soda (buV) by means of a kind of churn

of bamboo (gur-gitr), after which it is

drunk as hot as possible. Of late years

tea grown on the southern slopes of the

Himalaya Mountains finds its way into

~;(~'.:::r .lOl-ba I. pf. bool, fut. ;,.lol (?) 1.to entrust l\ persoo with a thing,

to cOImmit u. thing to llnother', cllargc; tomake, appoin~ Jtl·la '"!J9Iil-PO .col-lo tbe)'mlldc him king HI•. ; b~im·mo-la ,·td-rdzibCdl - 10 the)' made tIle quecn tend thehorses Glr.; (ob· ;ydg lol Z~IJ lIe maybe ewplo)'eu as a kitehenoo)', scullion1'11,.; (lbali. mld-du .col.ba to mnke onepowerless, to compel b)' autilOrity Glr.;lx"dl· bai J'1l!JW IA'~. maonger; .lol. wino Ltr. intercessor; pHNiJi.la ralll ••d!fplx'dl·JI(J$ glu Mon. slie sang with accom­paniment of the guitar (lit. committingthe aeoompnniment to the guitar) Glr.;"1..1Iob Ml·W" (for "Col-du) "!JOli-t'-? W: toplace one's self under another mnD's pro·tection. - 2. to commit, commend, recom·mend, la••cdl-ba to commission one withan affuir or tmnsl\Ction; resp. }irin (.1/1.1);Cdl - bo, though pl'{n ( .laa) seems to besometimes II. mere pleonasm: 0011 - so YlIl(Iii 1I,a4I,j"_rIlOlll._{a }iritl.lx'dl lIldzdd-f1o(the killg) recommended the sepulchre tothe tutelnr ~ods of the country Glr.; "all·M bdr-cf* n: to deposit a tllillg for tern·llorar)' keeping.

IJ. _ ,,'tdl·ba 1. C•. to change, to tumaside (?) - 2. to be thrown together con­fusedly, e.g. of the loose leaves of a (Ti­betan) book; "c61.bar byId-pa to put indisorder, to confuse, to confound Mil.;d9~-ldi9 lOl-bor ..f!I'O 'Virtue and viceMe confounded A/a.; "'i li·l..·o Cdl dlVJ"IV. this affair goes wrong, turns out badly;

1::: ja 1. tbe letter j, media, palatal, likethe Italian gi in Giovanni, 9 in giro;

in C. l\8 initial doop·sounding and aspirat­ed, j/l. - 2. numerical figure: 7. - 3.tea, resp. pol-ja. For the trade in Cen·t"" Asia it is pressed into briek..shl\llCdlumps, a portion of wllieh, WlllllL: to be

171~')a

in Il. special seuse: to rave, 10 be delirioln('.j -lol- ldb !/yab -IIU" C. id.; -lIyid - rotlab· pa, 99u9 ·IJU- G:, to talk confuieJl)'whilst being heavy with sloo(l; "ld(.lu- C.senseless talk; -Ml·A'all-1li (H"fIM, 'loHtirlIV. being of a miJ.ed mee; illegitimate orbastard ebild, balltll.l·d. - 3. Inorall)': tobl'flak a vow; -a·n~ Col 10"- lie ball brokenbis YOW on account (If a woman, i.t. byhaving married.a2f..r~' ,,'Cdl-ma (...: 1. " thing committed

to another's care. - 2. a sly, craftywoman, Srh. a dissolute woman.~~'ftr ,,~-pa I. pc. W:os or "ro., fut boo,

imp. Col, supine bMa-.u D:l. ~,

4, W. -c6-(:l', pf. and im(l. "00.-, to mike,make ready, prepare, to construct, build, abow, a road etc. Glr.; ,,'&a••am am I tobuild? Glr.; drh·ma (jig_par "u,.pa tomake ropes out of drhma (a kind (If gragg)prop. to work Jrinna into fOlIOS, Glr.;rzab "c6l· pa to ndjust one's ornaments&h.; lu, "ro.-pa to dress, to trim one's selfup Sc!J.j )".ar4u "ldd-pa to renew, f{'no­vate, re(lftir Sen.; It,j,i.bllJ''yir "co..pa Till'.95, 20 perb. to retouch, amend, correct.,imp'·(J\·e. - ($Hl~,,&n hYlloorisy, II. mef{'outward performance of religious rites audobsen'ances Mil., (ml-"foI "'0: bylU .pydl/.pa to lil'e without b)'pO<.~risy Mil.; (ml-"ro.·'/111..'(/11 hypocrite. - ($/il-"Coa·pa or bro.­lia nee. to G3. also an estnblished rule orcanon.

II. Sc1l.: to gnaw off (secondar)' formto oell.OO).

used, is puh'('rized and boiled, haying ~nwell compounded with butter IWd MIt orsoda (bill) by ml'ans of ft kind of cbumof bamboo ~r.gilr), ..f~r ",·!Iid. it i$drunk as hot as pos;;ible. Of late )'C'afli

tell grown 011 the southern $IOI~S of tileHilllUI.)"u litountAins finds it;; wa)' iuto

172

ja-hod

Central Asia. The tea called Jbru-fdn is

considered the best, and of other teas Cs.

mentions rtse-ja, zi-lin-spu-ja hairy (?) tea

from Siling, (a province in the neighbour-hood of the Kokonor); Schr.: yndm-ja,min-ja, Obo-ja, ja-yzuns, zau, hu-cdg, ^u-

si; bzan-ja, or ko-tse is, ace. to Cs., good

ordinary tea, cuh- jug, or cun-cun are

sorts of inferior quality. The shepherdsin W. make use of a surrogate, viz. the

Potentilla Inglisii (span -ja), growing on

the mountains at a height of 15000 feet;

poor people in Sik. use the leaves of the

maple (yya-li).

Other comp. ja-bkrug (pronounced

*jhab-tug*\ prob. iorja-dkrug, twirling-stick

Ts. ja-mcod, libation of tea. ja- fdg,

or btdg grinding-stone, in India and Tibet

used for kitchen purposes inst. of our little

mortars. - -ja-ddm Sch. tea-pot (?) ja-

blug W. a little pitcher -shaped brass ves-

sel. ja- bih (pronounced *jham-bin*} C.

tea-kettle, tea-pot, --jd-ma the man that

prepares the tea in a monastery, tea-cook;

jai dpon head-tea-cook. -ja-ril 1. W.

grinding-stone; 2. Lex. skull. ja-sun-can'a cup of tea, or: as much as a cup of

tea' Sch. ja-seq tea-dust Sch.

ja-hod Lex. yellowish red.

robb 'n9? robbery, jag rgydg-pa to

'

rob, to be a robber; rku-jag-gyu-zol

byed-pa Glr.; jag-pa frq. robber (not rob-

bery Sch.'); jag-dpon captain of a gang of

robbers Mil.

g^ ji 1. num. fig.: 37. 2. the correlative

form of the pron. ,what For the con-

struction of a sentence containing ci or)i,

v. gan II. The explanation there given

shows, that in correct language ji is alwaysfollowed by a participle : ji yod-pa de pul

zig offer what you have, make a libation

of what you have. Owing, however, to

the slight difference in the pronunciation

of ci and ji, the former is frq. written in

the place of the latter; ji, of course, is

used in conjunction with the same words

as ci', a few more instances may follow

here: ji-skad whatever, relative to words

spoken: nas ji-skad smras kyan whatever

I may say Glr. ji-snyed 1. as much as,

as great as; 2. C. very much, every thing

possible. ji-lta-ba 1. adj. of what kind,

of what nature, . . . ji-lta-ba bzin-du . . . la

yan de-bzin-no as it. is with. . . so it is

with . . . Stg. 2. sbst. quality, nature, con-

dition Cs. --ji-lta-bu such as, like as,

Lat. qualis.--

ji-ltar adv. as, in what

manner; 'd-mas ji-ltar zer-pa bzin-du ac-

cording to what the mother has said Glr.

ji-ste= ci-ste. ji nus-kyis to the ut-

most, to the best of one's ability Dzl. -

ji ma ji-bzin-du (?) according to custom or

common usage Sch. ji-mi-snydm-pai

bzod-pa a patience prepared for every event

Sch. (?)- -

ji-tsam ji-snyed; lo Ina Ion-

pa ji-tsam-pa de-bzin-no they are (as tall)

as (children) five years old Stg.; ji tsam

byas kyan whatever they had done Tar.;

ji-tsam-na or nas as soon as, when.

ji-bzin as, like, how, ji-bzin Ofso mi run

(he) can in no wise, by no means, con-

tinue to live Lt.; ji-bzin-du ysuns ellipti-

cally: he said how (it was), he answered

according to the state of the case (Schf.}

Tar. 89, 9. ji-srid as long as.

ET ju num. fig.: 67.N3

=-|or ju-fig denotes a way of drawing

NS '

lots by threads of different colours,

whence a class of Bonpos is called pya-bon ju-t'ig-can Glr.

s'^f ju-po Lis., *ju-lum* W., a globular

NS stone used for grinding spices,=

ja-ril.

us C. strategy.

"

jus-ma a sort of silk stuff Cs.

>s-%s ! Sch- : 'P ssessed of

good manners, of propriety of

conduct, decent, agreeable; jus-bde sincere'

(?) 2. Cs. clever, skilled, able, experien-

ced. *zin-gi le* in agriculture, *ma0* in

military matters C.

c 1

je 1. num. fig. : 97. 2. a particle,

used for expressing the comparative de-

172

Cent.ral Asia. The tea called oWu-fdil isconsidered the best, and of other teas Ct.mentions rtU--)a, zi-lili..spU:lu hairy (?) teafrom Siling, (n province in the neighbour­hood of the Kokonor); Sellr.: rndm-ja,miTija, /Jd-)a, )a-i'ztii13, tau, hJl-ldg, ~u­

51; hzan-ja, or f.»..tu is, f\.CC. to c,., goodordinary tea, !!Un - Jug> or cwi - ewi aresorls of inferior quality. The shepherdsin W: make use of a surrogate, viz. thePotentilla Ioglisii (spdn-ja), growing onthe mountains at a height of 15000 feet;poor people in Sik. use the leayes of themaple (ryu..ff).

Other compo ja - Mrltg (pronounced,hab-!u!t), prob. for ja-akritg, twirling-slickTB. - )a-mMd, libation of tea. - )a-ofdg,or btdg grinding-sione, in India lUld Tibetused for kitchen purposes inst. of our littlemortars. - )a-ddm Se1l. lea-pol (?) - Ja­bluff IV, a little pitcher-shaped brass ves­sel. - )a-obi;" (pronoullced ~/lam-biil·) C.tea·kettle, tea-pol - jd-ma the man thatprepares the tea in l'I. monl'l.Stery, tea-i:ook;,ai dpon head-tea-eook. - ja-ril 1. W:grinding-slone; 2. La. skull, - )a-slm-can'a cup of tea, or: l'I.S much as a. cup oftea' Seh. - ja-seg tea-dust Seh.

=:~. )a-Md La. yellowish red.

E.tlf jag robbing, robbery, jag f'9ydg-pa torob, to be a robber; rlcu-)ag-gyu-zdl

~a Glr.; )dg-pa frq. robber (not rob­bery Seh,); jag-dpdn captain of II. gang ofrobbers Mil.

t')i 1. num. fig.: 37. - 2. the correlativeform of the pron. C/, whal For the con­

struction of a. sentence containing i:i orii,v. ga;" II. Tbe explanation there givenshows, that in correct language ji is alwaysfollowed by a participle: jl ydd-pa de PulZig offer what you have, make a libntionof what you have. Owing, however, tothe slight difference in the ~ronunciation

of Ci and )i, the former is frq. wriUeli in'the place of die latter; ji, of course, isused in conjunction with the sarno wordsas Ci; II. few more instances may follow

here: ji-sl:ad whatever, relative to wordsspoken: :lieu jl-d:ad smras kya.i whateyerI may say Gir. ~ 1i-8nytd 1. as much l'I.S,

as great I\S j 2. C. very much, every thingpossible. - ji-ita-ba 1. adj. of what kind,of what 14'lture, .. ,ji-lta-ba bZiu-du . .. layan de-bZ{n~no as it is with ... ~o it iswilh ... Sty. 2. sbst. quality, nature, con­dition (:'1. - ji _ lta • bu such as, like a.s,Lat. qualis. - ji-lta,. ady. as, in whatmanner; 'a-mcu ji-lta,. dr-pa bUn-du lW­

cording to what the mother has said Gl,..- ji-su = H-ste. - ji niu-kyis to the ut­most, to the best of one's ability Dzl. ­ji WIQ ji-bZin-du (?) according to custom orcommon us~e &h. - ji~mi-snycim-pai

bzJd·pa a patience prepared for every eventSell. (?) - ji.uam _ ji-wyid; lo ilia lm­pa ji-uam-pa de-hHn-tw they are (as tall)as (children) five years old St9.; ji t8ambyeu !cyan whatever they had done TaI'.;ji-t8am~lIa or nas ll.8 soon as, when. ­)i-b'Hn as, like, how, ji-bUn 180 mi run(he) can in no wise, by no means, con­tinue to live Lt.; ji_bZm-du /"sUin eUi}lti­cally: he said how (it Wl'l.S), he answeredaccording to the state of the cnse (&!If.)Tar. 89, 0. - ji-8rid as long as.

c.·ju num. fig.: 67.~

=:~ ju-rig denotes a way of dra\\"in~

" lots by threads of different colours,whence a class of Bonpos is called pya­bon ju-rig-can Gir.c.·tf ju.po Lij" '")u~ Mm- lV., a globular" stone used for grinding spices, =ja-ril.~~. jus C. strategy,~

c.~.~' jus-ma II. sort of silk stuff Cs,~

c.~.~~~.jU8-ligs 1. Seh.: <posse~sed of...... good manners, of propnety ofconduct, decent, agreeable; jus-bde sincere'(?) _ 2. (4. clever, skilled, able, experien­ced. -}iii - gi it' in tlgriculture, --mat! inmilitary matters C,i.je ~. nwn. fig.: 97. - 2. n particle,

I used for expressing the comparative de-

173

gree of an adj. or adv., and esp. a gradual

growing or increase, often with termin. or

la: je man </ro (they) go on increasingor multiplying in number Mil. ; )> ysdl-du

*ii it has become more and more clear

or evident T/iyr. ; gen. repeated je nyeje

nye sdii-ste going nearer and nearer Mil.;

nit )< cuii-la son, also je $un je nyunMil. less and less; sometimes also for the

superlative degree, 6k : je ddn-po the very

first, also Lex. - - 3. je-ziy a little while,=

re-zig Lex. 4. Bhar. 14, Schf.: 'an

adhortative particle, often connected with

a vocative'; Sch. has: je Kyod 'now you,

you first!' 5. = dbyans Lex.

|^> 1. num. fig.: 127. 2. v. the fol-

lowing word.

jo-bo (^rr$01- 6- the elder brother,

also *jo-jo* and **d-jo* (the latter

also in W.\ resp.jo-%s. 2. lord, master,

esp. nobleman, grandee, W. *jo*, yar-lun jo-bo Glr. the lord of the manor of Yarlung;*ti - nan jo* W. the nobleman of Tinan

;

jo -jo min-po my noble brothers (says a

princess) Glr.;

in C. used as honorarytitle for noblemen and priests, in W. also

for noble Mussulmans; in ancient times

for certain divine persons, and idols, par-

ticularly for two, famous in history: jo-bo

mi-skyod-rdo-rje ,and tsan-ddn-yyi jo-bo,

also jo-bo m-kya, jo-bo rin-po-ce v. Glr.

jo-mo 1. mistress, the female head

of a household, a woman that gov-erns as mistress of her servants Dzl. -

2. lady, esp. a cloistress, nun Mil.; in H".

frq.- 3. goddess (cf. sub jo-bo 2), jo-mo

syrol-ma the goddess Dolma Glr. 4. p.

n. yo-mo-lha-^ri one of the highest moun-

tain summits in West - Bhotan, usually

called 'Chumulhari'; jo-mo-Ka-nay another

summit in southern Tibet.

mjdl-ba, imp. m)ol, 1. to meet c.

dan, = ^prod-pa, without any

respect to rank, Mil. often. More frq.

2. resp.: to obtain access to an honour-

ed person ;zal - dnos - su mjdl

- bar yodhe (the incarnated Buddha) may perso-

nally be seen and spoken to Glr.; to wait

on, to pay one's retpects to u person, yobdan mjal J*dl-lo I will pay a visit to myfather l)zl.

; pyin m ////- <lu mjnl-ilu //<//; 1

shall take the liberty of noon coming backMil. : Kiifdl-bai uku dan ta-mal mjal to thee,

Buddha, my own humble self approaches

(says a prince to his father who appearsto be an incarnated Buddha) Glr.; iiijal-

bar zu- ba to ask for an audience Glr. :

injnl-du mi btub (they) cannot get in,

cannot obtain admittance l*th.\ *jnl-c6-ce* (or *cay -jdl* C'.) W. to salute, to

exchange compliments on meeting; mjal-

prdd-byed-pa =Oprad-pa', used also of a

king and his ministers: wfralrprdddaA dyd-bai ftam mdn-po mdzad (they) exchanged

many compliments and expressions of joy

Ptli.', to visit or pay one's respects to holy

places, as pilgrims do, to go on a pilgrimage,

also zal mjdl-ba Mil.; fnas mjdl-ba id.,

ynas-mjdl-pa partic. ,a pilgrim, palmer;

Odi mjol ziy do make your pilgrimage to

this place. 3. to understand, comprehend.

Zam. :

(

yo-bai mjdl-ba ^jfr' ;don mjdl-ba to

understand the sense Mil., yet cf. jdl-ba 3.

- 4. often erron. for jdl-ba.

Comp. wjdl-Ka audience, access, admit-

tance, -injul-Ka ytoii-ba, or yndit-ba to give

audience, ^yeys-pa to refuse it Mil. mjal-

ddr = ka-btdys.--

mjul-sna-pa an usher,

master of ceremonies Cs. - - mjal-pydysalutation. -- mjal-mdns a visit paid by

many together, a grand reception' v

tijiii-pa 1. = ^Jin-pa. 2. rtsira-

>n)i'ii meadow Wtar. 82, &<///'.

mjiuj what is behind, hind part, e.g. of

the body, resp. sku-mjity, posteriors,

back-side, tail, often also mjitg-ma-, irijug

skor-ba col. to turn one's back (on another) ;

mjiiy-ma syril-ba to wr

ag the tail; fig.:

the further progress and final issue of an

affair, the consequences = i)e*, opp. to diios-

yzi the thing itself, and to sndn-^ro the

preparations Thyy.; the lower end or ex-

tremity, e.g. of a bench, a stick, a river

(= mouth), of a procession, train etc. ; with

regard to time: the end, ;ld-lm brgydd-pm

///)itg-la, at the end of the eighth month;

~)o • 173

gree of an adj. or ad\·., I\lld eSI" a gradualgro\\ iog or increasc, often with termiu. or(II: )t mwi o!I''O (they) go ou increasingor multiplyiog in lIumber Mil.; }t )..al-tluw,i it Illls become morc and morc clearor c\·ident 7'h!!".; gl'n. "cpeRted;)t 71!1t)ttlyt 'tM...,tt going ncarer nnd nearer Mil.;}t run}t eu'i-la klff, also)t ;:r,hi)t uyiuiMil. less tlnd less; sometimes also for the~UperllltiVC degree, u.:)t dllil-po thc veryfirst, ,uso !..tor. - 3. )Mig 1\ litLie while,= ri-hg Lu. - 4. BI,ar. 14, Scl1o: 'anudhortath'e particle, oftca connccted witha \'octltive'; &/1. has;)t J.'yod 'now you,you first!' - 5. _ dbywi. l.u.i"-)o L num. fig,: 127. - 2. \'. the fol­

lowing word.i::f)d-bo em) 1. G: the elder brother,

also 'o-)d'" and ·'Ii-)o· (the latternlso in Iv'), resll,)O-U£I$' - 2, lord, master,<lSI'. nobleman, grandee, W: '0·, yar-llj,i)d­bo Gir. the lord of thc manor of Yarlung;·ti - tujll )0· IV, the nouleman of Tinan;10-)0 mi'i - po my Doble brothers (says A.

princess) Gl,..; in C. used l\S honorarytitle for noblemen I\nd priests, in IV, alsofor noble Mussulmons; in nncient timesfor certain diviDe persons, a.nd idols, par­ticulllrIy for two, famous in history:)Q-bomi-akyod-rrM-rJe, and t.on-ddn-gyi )6-bo,nlso )d-bo M-l'!Jo,)d-bo rill-po-trl! v. GIl".e.-:";f )d-'1JlO 1. mistress, the female head

oC a household, a woml\ll that gO\'­ems as mistress oC her servnnts D:l. ­2. lady, csp. a cloislress, nlln ,Mil.; in lV,frq. - 3. goddess (el. Bub )0-00 2), )o-'/IW.gt'Ol-'1lW the goddC8S Dolllla Gir. - 4. p.n. )Q-m()-l/I(j-r{ one of the Ilighest moun­tain summits ill West- Bhotau, usuallycalled 'Cllumulhari'; )o-mo-I!a-"ag anothersummit in ~oulhern Tibet.~'E.r.:.p::r m)dl-ba, imp. 'Hjol, I. to meet c.

dali, - .,prod-1Ja, without anyrespect to rank, Mil. often. More frq.2. resp.: to obtain aecess to Iln honour­ed person; ::ol- dli&.!: - su '/IVal- bar !ladhe (the iucunillted Buddhll.) may per&O­Dull)' be seeu and spoken to Gk..; to wait

on, to pay one's relpecls to a pcraoc, yoodmi "9,,1 ofadl-lo 1 will pll.y a \'i~it to Illyfnther lJ::I.; l~!!i. '''!Jur - II" m)lil-<!" !JO'i Ishall l.I1.kc the liberty of IlOO11 ooming kckNil.; rgydl-bai .ku dail (a_mal III)al Vi th~,

HuddhlL, my OWII bumble stlf 1I1l1lfoacbu(Sll.)" a prince to Ilis f"ther wilo allpcarllto be lin iDcamated Buddha) Gl,..; "'Vlii­bar ht - ba to 18k for an lIudicnce Glr.;"Vlll - d,t mi lmlb (they) cannOl get. in,C;l.Qnot obtain admiulUlce /'tIl.; ·)ul. l/igcd-t? (or ·lug-Jal- C,.) n: to salute, to

exchl11lge cOJUI,limcnts 011 m«:ting; m)ni­i".ti.d-byld·pa "" oill'od.pa; used nlso of aking and bis ministers: n9al-);rlld dall dfJd­bai rtam mtiJi-po ",d:ad (they) exch.ngedmany compliments and expressioDs of jOJ'1"111.; to visit or I,ny onc's reEp«ts to holyplnccs, as pilgrims do. to go on a pilgrimage,nlso zal m)ci!-ba Mil.; T"UU mJIiI. ba id.,)"a1-nylil-l/a llllrtie., n pilgrim, palmer;odi 't!Jdl zig do m:l.ke )'our pilgrimage to

this place. - 3. to understand, comprehend,Zam.; 'gQ-J>ai'l7l)Iil-ba "at'; do,~ ,n)IiI-bt. 10

un~erstlUld the sense Mil., yet cf. Jdi-ba 3.- 4. often erron. Cor jril-ba.

Compo 1IIJlll-lia audience, access, admit·tance, t'!.JUI-A'a rMn-ba, or )'/IU,;-!J.a to giveaudiCllce, ofJ1Js-pa to reCuse it Mil. - ''!1111­dar _ lia-btllgs. - 'II!lul""Ill.pa an usher,magter of cercmonies C•. - 1Iyo{.Wigsalutation. - 1II)al- mlin. 1\ visit p:l.id hymany IoRetiler, n grand reception u.~t:;.~. 'II!)i,i-pa 1. - .Jiil--pa. - 2. r~lI'll-

tlyiri meadow !J1Inr.82, &11,.rJ.li=.=f[ m)Ug what is hellind, hind pari, e.g. of

-..:> the body, resp. •l'U-t'Vitg, posteriors,back·side, tail, often al50 tn)'"9-'''6; tnjtlgIkdr-ba col. to turn one's back (on anothet-);ni)ug ~ ,ua 'fJ"il- ba to wAg the tail; fig.:the Curthcr !lrogress ADd finlll iuue of an,,!Jair, the consequences = f)n, 0pI'. to ditot­r::i the thing iL;oelf, lind to .Hdll •.gro t!leprcp"ratiODS TlwJ'J.; the lower end or ex·tremit)-, e.g. of Il benell, a stick, a ri\'er(_ mouth), of a procc..-.sion, trnin etc.; witl.regnrd to time: the end, ::lti-ba btyycill-pGi,fn)IIg..l~ a&:' \he end of the eighlb mOlltl.;

174

5JE," m)e

in general mjitg-la, mjug-tu adv. and postp.,= mfar, at the end of, at last, behind,

after, with the genit. inf., or the verbal

root, gen. opp. to mgo. mjug-sgro (W.

*jug-ro*} lower or inferior part, underpart,

buttocks (of. yzuof); mjug-to id. --mjug-

btdg (for btea), and mjug-ldeb W, wagtail.

mgo-mjug above and below Dzl.

'

jdn-ba to devour, swallow, Sch.

me, resp. ysdn-mje, f^rf, fr e pens ;

Zam. avoids the term by making use

of circumlocutions, others employ it, esp.

Med. ; also in vulgar use; mje Idn-ba erection

of the penis; m)e sbubs-su nub the penis

recedes; mje-mgo glans penis. m)e-rliy

the penis and testicles. - -mje - subs the

membraneous covering or sheath of the

penis.

gqct-^r mjed-pa, Zam. ^ suffering, en-

during, bearing patiently ;6s. : ob-

noxious; mi-mjed prop.: free; gen. the

world, the universe, ace. to Buddhistic ideas;

except in the last mentioned sense the

word seems to be little used.

*Jd9-Pa , Pf- Ja9s > Cs.; Sch.: to

establish, settle, fix, found;hence

prob. bde- jdgs and Uris-^dgs, Jags- Kris

(Leone, and elsewh., but not frq.) time of

prosperity, of peace, of rest, a time without

disturbances, war, epidemics etc. (Kris byitself is not known).

3ay~P ^' ^ex '~

klu, or n. of a

Lu, also Ojog-po. 2. vulgo=

ydg-po.

jdg-ma 1. Sch. : a sort of coarse

and thick grass of inferior quality;

so Pth. of a hut: Jdg-mas pub-pa covered

with such grass. 2. Lex. cffaTjf a fragrant

grass, Andropogon muricatus. 3. Glr.:

a blade (of grass), stalk (of corn), Ojdg-ma ret sten-na on every blade, ku-sai Jdg-ma pon cig a bundle of blades of Kusha

grass; Ojag-rgod Sch. horse-tail, pewter-

grass, Equisetuin. 4. Sik. squirrel, perh.=

bya-ma-byi Sch. (?).

jags, v. sub jdg-pa.

<Ja9s-Pa V- to give, to make a

present Georgi Alph. Tib.

Jdn-P> Jdn-rno con-

sort, husband, wife Cs.

Oydn-sa, v. cdn-sa.

o)db-pa, pf. prob. bzabs, fut. bzab,

to sneak, slink, creep privily; to

lie in wait, in ambush, tse-la jdb-pa to

attempt a person's life Pth.; *pdg-ne jdb-te sad tdn-ce* W. to assassinate; Ikog ^ab

byed-pa v. Ikog', ^jab-bus ma byin-par len-

pa Thgy. to steal clandestinely. Cog. to

Qcdb-pa.

Ojdb-tse nippers, tweezers.

)am-mgon = )am-dpdl.

am-pa B., *jdm-po* W., *jam-dm* C. col. (opp. to rtsub-pa,

rtsin-ge) soft, smooth, tender, mild, e.g. of

cloth, hair, a meadow, a plain without

stones or rocks, of fruit, the air, the cha-

racter of a person, a person's way of

speaking (nag C., *pe-ra* W., *pe-ra )dm-

po dan* with mild expressions, fair words,

in a friendly manner), of a law; of bever-

ages: weak W.- of a (hay-)rake: close PF.;

*jdm-po ndb-ce* W. to mow off close; jam-Jbud blowing or playing (the flute) softly,

piano; Ojam-rtsi Med., seems to be a kind

ofmedicine;*;am-sdw* W., C., plain, without

ornaments.

' Jam~dPal(*T5pFt) jam-mgon

(fTO), Jam(-pai)-dbydnsone of the two great Bodhisattvas

of the northern Buddhists, the Apollo of

the Tibetans, the god of wisdom, demiurge,

and more particularly the tutelar god and

civilizer of Nepal (v. Kopp. II, 21), in-

carnated in Thonmi Sambhota, and after-

wards in king Kri-sroh-sde-btsdn and others.

Cf. spyan-ras-yzigs.

1'qE.ST Jam-ma,r)e-Jam, resp.

for fug-pa, soup.

"ST Jam-mo post-stage Sch.

Ja-fson rainbow frq.,

a-^od light, splendour

~e:' m)e

in general m)ug-la, m)lig-tu adv. Ilnd postp.,_ mfar, Ilt the end of, Ilt last, behind,lifter, with the genit. inf., or the verbalroot, gen. opp. 10 mgo. - m)ug.sgrQ (U':'ilg-ro") lower or inferior part, underpart,buttock.. (If. )'zug); mjug-lo id. - 'II/jug­oldg (for bteg), nnd m)ug-ldio W wagw.il.- mgo-'lII)vg nbo"e and below D:d.

5:le:" m)e, resp. rui,i-m)e, fq, iq the penis;Zam. avoids the term by making use

of circumlocutions, others employ it, esp.Mtd.; also in vulgar use; mje ldil-ba erectionof the peuis; mje wilbs-fU nuo the penisrecedes; mjMlI[I(J glans penis. - m)e-digthe penis and testirles. - m)e ~ Uibs themembnmeous covering or sbeath of tilepenis.~~·.cr m)M-pa, Zam. 'V'{ suffering, en~

1 during, bearing patiently; Q.: ob-noxious; mi - mJM prop.: free; gen. theworld, the universe, acc. to Buddhistic ideas;except in the last mentioned sense theword seems to be little used.a,E.tl']·.crJag-pll, pf.JIIg., C•. ; &1,.: to

establish, settle, fix, found; henceprob. bde-Jdgil IUId 1.'ri3-Jdgt, jag.-Ilris(l.e.'U. and elsewh., but not frq.) time ofprosperity, of peace, of rest, a time withoutdisturbances, war, epidemics elc. (Ii";, byitself is not known).c;=:ffq Jog1'O l. La. = klu, or n. of a

.... Lu, also JOg-po. - 2. valgo -yO.g-po.Q,='ar~' jJg-'IIIa L &11.: a sort of coarse

and thick grass of inferior quality;so PM. of a but: Jdg-mas ft6.b-pa coveredwith euch grasll. - 2. La,~ a fragrantgrass, Andropogon muricatll.s. - 3. Glr.:a blade (of grass), stalk (of corn), Jd£J­ma rei ,t/n-na on every blade, kU.jai Jdg­Will jon ~ 1\ bu.ndle of blades of Kushagrass; Jag - rgM &h. horse-tail, pewter­grass, Equisetum, - 4. Sil.:. squilTel, peril.- bya-'lllU...byi Seh.(O.

Q,e.~ jUfJ8, ". sub Jog-pa.

Q,E.~~'.:r Jdgs-pa r.-: to give, to""'make n.present Georgi Al(J/~ Tib,

Cl=.t:;''f jdn-ba to devour, swallew, &h.

Q,='~'f, ~=.~.;f Jdll-po, jotl - 111e con·sort, husband, wife C•.

~=.~~r Jan-.a, v. tdn-ta.

~E..:::rq Jab-pa, pf. prob. bzabs, fut. ozalJ,to sneak, slink, creep pri\":ily; to

lie in wai4 in ambush, fsi-la JdlJ-pa toattempt n person's life Ptll.; ·lMg-ne jdO­te sad tan-t? W. to assassinate; lkog jabb!lCd-pa v. U'Of}; jdlJ-bus 1/Ia by(n-par IJn·pa Thflll. to steal clandestinely, Cog. toJob-pa.

~

~=.:.rir jdO-tM nippers, twee:r.ers.

~IHr~~ Jmll.wlg6n - jam-Jpdl.

, , /1 "d ••' 1" .' m~=.~r.cr oJam-pa ., 'j IIl-rv ~" oJa -Jam· C. col. (opP. to rl8ub-pa,

rt8i1i-gc) solt, smootll, tender, mild, e.g. ofc1otll, hair, 11 meaaow, a plain withoutstonell or rocks, of fruit, the air, tbe cha­meter of II person, n. person's way ofspeaking (i/ag c., "l~-rlI· lY., ·pl-ra jam­po dmi" with mild expressions, fair words,in II friendly manner), of a law; of beve...ages: weak W.; ofa(hay-)rake: close W:;'")am-po ,idO-c? W: to mow off close; Jam­imd blowing or playing (the flute) softly,piano; Jam-rid Med., seems to be a kindofmedicine; '")am..,d,j· W, C, plain, withoutornaments.

~e.5:I'~Q""-1' Jmn-dpdl (~~) Jlirn-mgdll(."T'I'), Jam(-pai)-db!ldn,

(*tfr1f) one of the two great BodbisattvClSof the nortllern Buddbists, the Apollo ofthe Tibetans, the god of wisdom, demiurge,and more particularly the tutelar god andcivilizer of Nepal (v. Kopp. II, 21), in­carntlted in TlwlIlIll Samhlww, and after­wards in kioglU-Wroli...ae.btlldn nnd others.Cf, 'P!lan-ra~-rzfg •.

~='~'5:1', i'~='5:I' Jdm-711«,rye-Jdm,resp.for (ugvpa, soup.

Q,=.~5f Jam.t/lo post.stage Sdl-:-

~='Q,' Q,e.r.r~· JII, JII-(3011 rainbow frq.,.... ,. , '"Itt Ja-4 od light, splendour

175

Ja-ba Jig-pa

of the rainbow 7W/.; Ja-fson yal-ba the

\ .-niching of the rainbow frq.; Ja-lus v. his.

n gq-q- Ja-*a 1 also J - wo &:/*. lame,

gen. Za-ba; Ja-bar byed-pa to

make lame, to lame S.g. 2. to bespeak,

to concert, to confederate Sch.

J (( - sa> Ja -m

, edict, diploma, a

permit Cs., who declares this word

to be Chinese.

Jar -ba Lex. w.e.,

ace. to Ts. =Obyar-ba to stick together, to cohere.

Jal-ba, pf. beat, fut. ^a/, imp.

Jo/, W. *cal-ce*, 1. to weigh, Jal-

byed sran (a pair of) scales for weighing

Lex., srait-la rzal-ba Glr. 2 to measure,

rin - fun - fsdd Jdl - ba C. to measure the

length. 3. to appraise, to tax; to weighin one's mind, to ponder; more fully ex-

pressed by blos-Jal-ba to understand Sch.,

although native grammarians refer this

signification with less probability to mjal-ba. -- 4. to pay, pay back, repay, bit- Ion

a debt, skyin- pa a loan

,Krai a tax

;to

retaliate, return, repay, esp. with Ian: pan-Ian ynod-pas or legs-pai Ian nyes-pas to

return evil for good. The following is a

Buddhist principle of law, butprob. existing

only in theory: dkon-mcog-gi rdzds-la Kri

Jal, dge- diin-gyi rdzds-la brgydd-cu Jal,

pdl-pai rdzds-la bdun-^yur no brgyad Jaldivine or sacred objects are to be repaid

or made good tenthousandfold, things or

property of the clergy eightyfold ,of

ordinary men sevenfold, and besides the

object itself, hence eightfold (,'.; in Glr.

there is the following passage: brkus-pala brgyad Jal nos dan dyu. --5. often

erron. for mjdl-ba', thus prob. also in:

Jal Obul-ba to bring a present Sch. (more

correctly: a present of salutation). )a ^~

ka the act, or business of measuring ( '.

ji-ba 1. 6s., also Iji-ba, a flea.

2. Lex. and Cs. :=

^jim-pa. --3.Cs. = ^jdm-pa soft, smooth. --4. Sch. :

disgusting, nasty, e.g. of a fishy smell.

ngcrrfc5* }ig-i'ten (receptacle of all that is

'

perishable) 1. the external world:

a. ace. to the common (popular) notion:

the whole earth, the universe, Jig-rttn~na dkdn-pa, what is rare, the only thingof its kind in the world /)*/.; Jig-rttn-

gyi lha the god of the world, a deity of

the Bonpos Mil. ; )ig-rten~la* Oddg-pa one

that has escaped from this world, one

emancipated, blessed Cs. b. the external

world ace. to Brahmanic and Buddhist

theories, as set forth: Kopp. I, 231; jig-

rten-gyi Kams id. Glr. ; )ig-rt&n tag* -pa

origin, beginning, ynds-pa duration, Jig-

pa destruction, bzdg-pa arrangement of

the world, cosmography (title of a volume

of Sty.) Ojig-rten ymm the three worlds,

earth, heaven, and hades; Jig-rttn (jsitm-

yyi) mgon-po (TrUoknath Hind.) lord or

patron of the three worlds, which is also

the title of the third of the three highest

Lamas, viz. of the Dharma Raja, residing

in Bhotan, v. Cunningh. Ladakyil; Bud-

dha Sakya-tub-pa seems to have the same

title, Pth. c. fig. : bde-ba-can-gyi jig-rttn,

or bde-^gro mfo-ris-kyi jitj-rten the world

of the blessed, like our 'heaven', but of

rare occurrence. 2. world, in a spiritual

sense, ^ig-rten-gyi byd-ba worldly things

or affairs; ^jig-rtcn-la dgos-pa (or pdn-

pai) bsldb-bya useful maxims of life, moral

rules Glr.; <jig-rt4>n-gyi cos brgyad, v. cos;

jig-rten byetl-pa short expression for jig-

rten-gyi las byd-pa Mil. 3. symb. num. :

three. ^ig-rUn-pa 1. an inhabitant of

the world, or the inhabitants of the world,

the world as the totality of men, and more

particularly of the worldly-minded; jiij-

rten-pa ni ma-dfil-fxt >//n-pas as the world

is unconverted, in which sense also Jig-

///// (by itself) seems to be used. 2. a layman.

q&ira- J i(J-Pa l - vb - ] - act- Pf- 6^' fllt -

ybig, imp. (bfiig, W. **ig-le y sig

tdh-ce*, to destroy, buildings etc., frq.: to

cut to pieces, to divide, e.g. a killed animal

W.\ to ruin, to annihilate, existing institutions

or things, also other people: to abolish,

annul, a law W.: to dissolve, an enchant-

ment: to lay aside an assumed appearance

or manner (= to unmask one's self) MiL\

to break, violate, one's duty, a vow, Dd.\

m

of tho flI.inbow I'M.; .,ja-(lKm yal-hlt tLcY:\Uishing of the rainbow frq.; .,ja-l,,' v. 1,/,.qE.rJ,,'=:j' Ja.iHl 1. also .J/~ - 100 &Ia. lame,

gen. !a-ba; Ja-w,' b!Jetl'J'a to

fUl\ke lame, to Illme S.y. - t. to bespeak,to concert, to confederate &11.~C.a;~ J/I-sa, Ja-ww, edict, diploma, a

permit 0., who declares this wordto be Chinese.Q,e.~::r Jar - ba Du. w.o., nee. to (i. ­

ob!Jar-ba to stick together, to cohere.~E.~'.:::r' .)al- ita, pc. beal, fut. y::al, imp.

Jol. w: ·ca1-t~·, 1.10 weigh, Jul­h!Jtd Irwi (1\ pair of) scales for weighingLu., 'rall-Ia }'z«l-ba Gir. - 2. to measure,/'iIi - filii - (Mid Jdl- ba G to meAsure thelength. - 3. to appraise, to tax; to weighin one's mind, to ponder; more fully ex­pressed by blc3-Jal.ha to understand &h.,n.Ithough Duti"o grnmmariaDs refer thissignification with less probability tIlm)al.ba. - 4. 10 pay, pay back, repay, bit-lonft. debt, ~Ayin - pa a lo~tD, A'ml a tax; toretaliate, return, repay, esp. ""'ith ian: jJan­ldn ym.ld-pat or lIfp-pui Ian nye~.JXU toreturn evil for good. The following is n.Buddhist principle of law, but prob. existiogonly in theory: dkQtl-mrofj-gi nl::ds-l~l 1MJal, d~o'Mn-gyi rd::ds-la bryyod.ffl Jal,lUi/-pai rdzas-la Ixl.in·dJlJUl· 'W fJrgyad Jaldivine or sacred obje~t.s are to be repaidor made good tenthousandfold, thing!l orproperty of the clergy eightyfold, ofordinary men sevenfold, and besides theobject itself, hence eightfold C.; in Gir.there is the following passnge: bd,ils-pa!a lnyyad Jul N(lil (lwi ~lyll. - 5. oftenerron. for lIyai- Oa; thus prob. also in:Jal .bUl-ba to bring II present &11. (morecorrectly: o.lln!5ent of salutation). - Jal­fa the act, 01' bu~iness of mcnsuring G:

~i'~' Ji...lJa L Y., also I)i-ba, a flea. -2. J~. and 01.: - Jl'm.pa. - 3.

u. = Jam-pfl sofl, smooth. - 4. &Jl.:lIisgusting, nasty, e.g. of a fisllY smell.Q.e:rr~· Jiy-rtin (receptacle of all thllt is

} perishable) 1. the external world:•• RCC. kI the common (popuL.\1) notion:

tile whole ('arth, the uni,erse, J;,-rtht­na (LJ..dn-pa, "hat is mre, the onl,. thingof ita kind in the WOrld D::l.; .Jig-rUn­yyi Ilta the god of the world, a deity oftile 8onpos Mil.; .)ig-rlm-l<u .(/a...pa onethllt bas escaped from tllis world, oneemancipated, blessed Q. - b. the eXlcrnalworld ace. to BmlllDAOie and Buddhisttheories, as set forth: KiJpp. I, 231; Jig­rthwJYi fam, id. Gir.; .Ji9-rt~n c/;!1'.paorigio, beginning, rmh-z>a duration, Jig­lJa Ilestruetion, b:dg - pa antUigement ofthe world, cosmography (title of:\ volilmeof 8tg.) Jiy.rUn Y'III~ the three worlds,ClIrtIJ, hcnven, and hades; Jtg.-I'tm (TJt<m­9YO myVn-po (TI'ilolcndth /lind.) lord orpatron of the three worlds, which is 1I1~0

the title of the third of the three highestJ,amas, viI:. of the Dharmn Hll.ja, residingin Bhotan, v. Gmning!l. 1..Aldak 371; Bud­dha Sa~ya.(u~)a seems to hft.ye the SfIometitle, PM. - Co fig.: bdi-l.xl.<an-gyi JifJ·rtl1t,or bde.d!>'() 7II(o-,;,-k!ji ojig·rtbl the worMof the blessed, like Ollr 'heM'eo', but ofrare occurrence. - 2. world, in a spiritul\lsense, Jifr,tbl'g!Ji byd-ba "'orldly thingsor nffairs; Jig-rthl-ia dgdt - pa. (or lNin­par) beidb-bya uselul maxims of life, momlrules Gi,'.; Jig-dhl""fJ'fl ros brfIYGd, v. Cos;Jig-rtm iIIJbI-pa short expression for Jig­rtl·n.gyi !at byid-pa Mil. - 3. symlt. num.:three, - Jiy-rltn- pa I. ran inhabitant ofthe world, or the inhabitants of the world,the world as the totality of men, nnd moreparticularly of the worldly-minded; Jtg­rtin-po ni ma-dUl-ba yin~ "5 the worldis uncollverted, in which $(lllS6 al:oo Ji!}­I·/in (by itsell)seems to be used. 2. alliymlln.

Q,~tfJ'.:.r J'f·IX: I. vb. 1: "ct. p~. ?'tig, fu~. r?:t9, Imp. (b~19, W. J'!J~t, It!!

Uiil.b', to destroy, buildings etc., frq.: tocut to pieces, to divide, e.g. II killed animalw.; to ruin, to annihilale, existing inalitutioosor things, usn other people; to lbolish,annlll, a law IV:: to dissolve, an eochaot­meat; to lay aside an assumed "ppcltranceor manner (- to unmask one's self) MU.ito break, MoIate, one's duty, a vow, Dd.j

176

jigs-pa

rma -Ojig Med. was explained : healing

wounds, jig-par byed-pa = jig-pa, frq.- 2. vb. n. pf. bzig, and more frq. zig,

W. *zig-ce, zig cd-ce*, to be ruined, undone,

e.g. by mischief-making people DzL; to fall

to pieces, to decay, to rot, of the human

body etc.;to be lost, to perish, jig -par

sin-tu sla (earthly goods) may be easily

lost again Thgy.; to vanish, disappear, jig

(or zig}-par Ogyur-ba id.; sem zig son W.

he was quite dejected or cast down; zig

)'sos byed-pa B., C., *zig-so (or -sob) co-ce

or tdn-ce* W. to 'restore from destruction',

to rebuild c. dat. frq., also c. genit. Pth.',

prob. also c. accus. 3. to suck, draw

out moisture Sch., v. jib-pa.II. sbst. decay, destruction, ruin, entire

ovei throw, skye-ba dan jig-pa kun-la srid-

na as it is the lot of all men to rise and

to decay DzL; lus-kyi mfar jig-pai Itas

symptoms of the final decay of the bodyWdn.;

*can-la Koi zig-pa yod* beer proves

his ruin, beer is his destruction W.; jig-

pe co-cen* C.} jig-pa-can Cs. frail, perish-

able.

III. adj., but only in conjunction with

a negative: mi-jig -pa imperishable; mi-

jig rtdg-pa as explanation ofa synonym Lex.

<J{98-Pa l - vb -

(*ft)resP- fsdbs~

pa, to be afraid of a thing, is

gen. connected with the instr. (lit. 'by'), in

later literature and col. with la, srin-pos

jigs-sin from fear of the Rakshasa DzL;de-la na mi jigs I am not afraid of that

Mil.; in W. frq. in conjunction with *rag*:

*K6-la jig rag* I am afraid of him; also

relative to the future, like dogs-pa: yi-ge

mans -pas jigs- nas =man -

gi dogs-nas,

fearing lest there should be too much

writing, i.e. from want of room Pth.;

jigs -su-run -ba dreadful, frightful, frq.;

*jig-te ddr-ri spe-ra zer-ce* W. to speak

trembling and shaking with fear; *mdn-

po jig son* W. I am very much afraid;

jigs-par Ogyur-ba to be frightened, jigs-

par byed-pa to put in fear, to frighten.

II. sbst.(*ffa) fear, dread, srin-poi

jigs-pas from fear of the Rakshasa DzL

,14 (unless srin-pos ought to be read,

as above) ; jigs-pa brgyad the eight fears

of life (so among the rest: rgydl-poi jigs-

pa the standing in fear of the king, whoin the East is always supposed to be an

arbitrary despot); mi-jigs-pa 1. fearless-

ness, intrepidity; mi-jigs-pa sbyin-pa to

impart intrepidity; mi-jigs-pai lag-pa a

fearless hand, heroic vigour. 2. pardon,

quarter, safety Cs. --jigs (-pa)- can Cs.

[. fearful, timorous. 2. dreadful, frightful

(I never found it used in this sense).

III. adj. 1. (fearing) fearful, timorous,

jigs-pai Ogro-ba-rnams timorous beings

Pth. 2. (feared) dreadful, frightful, jigs-

pai mfson-ca dreadful weapons; Kyod-pas

lhag-par jigs-pa yod there is somethingeven more formidable than you are DzL

Comp. bdr-de-la jigs skyob-mai smon-

lam a prayer efficacious in the Bardo-

horrors Thgr. jigs-skrdg fear; also a

terrible object, jigs-skrdg-tu son he has

been changed into a fright, a monster Mil.;

*jig-tag torn -pa* C. (lit.

bton -pa) to

frighten, deter; intimidate, threaten; jigs-

skrdg-pa to fear, to be afraid DzL jigs-

mtfan col. timid, timorous. --Jigs -can v.

jigs -pa- can above. --jigs-cum -pa v.

cum-pa. jigs(-pd)-po one afraid Cs. (?)

-jigs-byed one that is terrifying Sch.,

appellation of Yamantaka, who is invoked,

e.g. in drawing lots. --jigs-brdl, jigs-

med fearless, intrepid, bold; also noun pers.-

*jigs-ri* W. fear, terror, *jig-ri fsor-

ce* to be afraid, *jig-ri kul-ce* to frighten,

to menace, to intimidate. jigs-sa Mil.,

jigs-sa ce it is a very dangerous quarter

or region, in that place there is much

occasion for being afraid.

J^n ^' acc ' to s - =m^n) klon, e.g.

rgyd-mfsoi; Sch. : mfso - jun the

whole circumference of a lake; prob. more

corr.: the middle, Lex.: lus-jdm jdg-po

mfso-jin jug the smooth-bodied Lu alights

in the middle of the lake. 2. srod-jin

Lex.; or srod-byin twilight.

jin-pa-, also mjin-pa, neck, resp.

sku-jin; *)in-pa gyur-ce* W. to

176

TWill ·oJ19 Mea. was explained; healingwounds. ,Jig-par byed-pa - J1fn)(l, frq.- 2. vb. n. pC. b'Zig, and more {rq. zig,W: -Zig-Ce, Zig ca-ce-, to be ruined, undone,e.g. by lllischief-makillg people Dzl.; to fallto pieces, to decay, to rot, of the humanbody etc.; to be lost, to perish, Jig- parUn-tit ala (earthly goods) may l>e ensilylost again Thy!.!.; 10 vanish, disappear, Jig(or zI9)-par ofJ!fUr-ba id.; _ zig 'Qli W.he was quile dejected or cast down; Zig)'W3 byl!d-pa B., C., ·;i~Q (or .3db) Cd-eeor Mn-U' IV. to 'n'Store from destruction',to rebuild c. dat. Ceq., also c. genit. Ptll,;prob. also c. nccus. - 3. to suck, drawout moisture &11., v. Jib-pa.

II. 8bst. decay, destnJction, ruin, entireo\'C1throw, JryUa dati Jig-pa /tUn-la arid­na 1\.8 it is the lot of all men to rise sndto de<:ay Dzl.; l~-k!li mfar Jig-pai lfasspuptoms of the Dnal decay of the bodyWdli.; "cd,j·la. Itol ::;g-pa yoif' beer proveshis ruin., beer is his destruction W.; Jig­pr l.4-cen' C., Jig-pa-can Ci. fmil, perish­able.

III. adj., but ollly in conjunction witha negative: mi-Jlg-pa imperishable; mi_Jigrt«g-paas explanation ofasynonymLu.Q,~~"r Jig8-pa I. vb. (lfi) resp. f8dhs-

pa, to 00 afraid of II thing, isgen. connected with the instr. Oit. 'by'), inlawr literature and col. with la, $rin_]JQ8Jlgs-Aifi from fear of the Rakshasllo D:l.;di-la ria fIIi Jigs r am not afmid of that.Mil.; in lY. frq. in conjunction ....;t1l 'rllft:'Ula Jig raft I am afraid of him; alsorelative 10 the future, like ddgs-pa: yi~ge

mali8.pas J/gs-nas-mali-gi dQgs-nas,fen ring lest there sbould be too muchwriting, i. e. from WlI.J}t of room Pilt.;Jig8.SU.ruli-ba dreadfuJ, frightfnl, frq.;•Jig-l/ ddl'-ri spe-I'a :ir- Ct! W: to speaktrembling and shllking with fear; 'mali­po Jig soi."' lY. I am very much af'raitl;JigJ-pa1" o!I!fUr-b« to be frightened, Jig8­par byM.-pa to put in fear, to frighten.

11. sbst. (~) fear, dN!ad, "m'n-poiJigs-pas from fear of the RA1ishailn Del.

:JlJS, 14 (unless srln-]JO' ought to be read,(\s above); jigs_pa b'/,!!yad the eigllt fearsof life (so among the rest: ''fIyd/''poi JIgJ­fa the standing in fear of the king, whoin the East is always supposed to be anarbitrary despot); mi-Jlg8-pa l. fearless­ness, intrepidity; mi.Jlgswpa sblJi~pa toimpart intrepidity; mi·Jigs.pai ldg-pa afearless hand, heroic \·igour. 2. pardon,qU/llier, safety 01. - Ji9s(~).can c..1. fearful, timorous. 2. dreadful, frightful(I never found it used in this sense).

Ill. adj. 1. (fearing) tearful, timortlus,Jigs-pai oard·ba-rnll1/u timorous beingsPth. - 2. (feared) dN!adful, frighUul, JigI­pai m(s6n-la dreadful weapons; "'!lcd-paslh<lfJ-pal' Jigs-pa yod there is somethingeven more fonnidable than you are D:l.

Compo oar-d.,..la Jigs skydlMnai smQn­lam a prayer efficacious in the Bardo­horrors TlIgr. - JifJs-skrdg fear; also aterrible object, jigs-skrrig-ru Sl)h he hasbeen chtUlged into a fright, a monster Mil.;"Jig.tdg trJ-m-pa' C. (lit. btdn-pa) tofrighten, dewr; intimidate, threatell; Jig,.skrri[!-pa to fcur, to be afraid Dzl. - Jigs­mJ,'an col. 1imid, timorous. - jigs-can v.Jigs-pa-can aoove. - Jigs-cum-pa v.lam-pa. - Jlgs(-pa).po one afraid c,.(?)- Jigs-b!:JCd one that is terrifying &h.,appellation of Ynm"ftntaka, who is invoked,e.g. ill drawing lots. - Jigs-brdl, jigs­med fearless, intrepid, bold; aJso Donn pers.- "J(f!'"J'i" lV. fear, terror, 'Jig-ri (sW··W' to be afraid, "')(g-ri /dd-CtJ" w frighten,to menace, to intimidate. - Jigs-$« Mil.,J(gs~a ce it is a very dangerous quarteror region, in that place there is muchoccasion for being afraid.~. ji,; J. ace. to U. _ me;';, kloJi, e.g.

1'gyd - m(wi; 8th.: m(30 - JUli thewhole circumference of a lake; prob. morecorr.: the middle, Le.z.: lus-Jdm Jdg-p<Jm{sd-Jili Jug the smooth-bodied I,u al,ightsin the middle of the lake. - Z::-srod-jiuLu.; or srod-byili. twilight.~..:r Jifi-pa, also 'mjiJi-pa, neck, rasp.Ie sA"tL.,Jiu; '(Ii.-pa 9!jill·.cc" IV. to

177

turn or move round (as vb. n.), *////-/"<

,/i/itr-f,' Iti'i-i-,'1

\V. to look round, or back;

*)i/i-fxi <-<i

;/-ce* W. to break one's neck;

*)iii-i>,i :t'// -('<* W. to hug, to embrace;

Jin-k})6g a wry neck 6a.; Jin-kun the

nape of the neck Glr.\ Jiit-ltdg the b;i< k

part of the neck < *.

J'Ks)-l>a ($ch- also Jigs-pa}

pf. 6Ms O&fe), fut. 0^6),to suck, e.g. of a suckling baby; mcuswith the lips L&r.; #ra# Jibs-pa to suckblood /,<./-.: to suck out, In, or up, to im-

bibe, absorb, also to blister, jib- man W.M

sicatory.

Jib-rtsi 1. Cs. a kind of sirup.- 2. Wdn. a medicinal herb.

oJ-J'J' o/""-/' K>, V., a compound of

earth and water, mud, clay, loam

etc. (W. *kd-lay*)- Jim-skon a small cupof clay, a crucible 6s.; Jim-yzugs a figureformed of clay Glr. rdo-rjei Jim -pa v.

rdo-rje.

of-arq* jU-ba, pf. bcil, fut. fzil, to expel,

eject, remove, turn off, pyir Jil-baLBJC. id., e.g. noxious animals, vices etc.

^''^a ! vb - ! Pf- J*> toseize,

NS grasp, take hold of, c. dat., dpral-bai mdd - la Ju - ba grasping the arrow

sticking in his forehead Glr.; fag-la ycig

Ju-ba taking firmly hold of each other

(in a storm at sea) Glr.; to seize a per-son (in taking him prisoner) Pth.; Idg-^pa-nas to grasp by the hand, to shake hands

(in greeting; Dzl 2. pf. bzus, fut. bzu,W. *zu-ce (or)u-ce?)* to melt, to digest,

zas Oju-ba to digest the food; ju sld-ba

digestible, Ju dkd-ba difficult of digestion;*ra ju - ce* W. to digest intoxication

,to

sleep the fumes of wine away; Ju-byeda sort of bile, the bile as the promoter of

digestion Med. Cf. zu-ba II.

II. sbst. 1. digestion, Ju-ba slao the

digestion is in order, is easy Med.\ Ju-stobs cun the digestive power is weak

2. a flea Sch. = Ji-ba.'

Jug, sometimes for myug.

of access, to a tank or river,

Ghat (///W.).

J"//-/'a>I- P^ ^d imp. it///, W.

*zwj-ce*, vb. n., 1. to go or walk

in, to enter, />//;-//>/, or cui ndn-dut /

pa to go into the house, or into the water;

ryyd-m&or Jug-pa to put to sea, to set

sail DzL; Idm-du Jug-pa to set out, to

start, to prosecute a journey; *mdl-*u-la

zug- be* W. to go to bed. In a special

sense : a. of a demon, entering into a man to

take possession of him, hence *ftt-huj-Kan*W. possessed (by a demon); Jug-go Med.

the place where the demon entered the

body. b. dge-ba-la Jug-pa to walk in the

path of virtue; ace. to Sc/u: Jug-pa byitself, without dge-ba-la, implies the same,and in conformity with this a Lama gavethe following explanation of the expression

Jug-pai las in Ttyy.: works that are a

consequence of having really entered uponthe practice of virtue, positive good works,

opp. to the negative good works of the

ten virtues, cos - la Jug -pa to turn to

religion, to be converted; cos or bstdn-pa

zig-la Jug^pa to adopt a certain religion,

a certain doctrine, c. bud-med-la Jug-pato lie with, sleep with a woman Med,;

*bdr-la zug-ce* W. euph. expression for:

to commit adultery, d. *dun-du zug-ce*W. to appear, in reference to gods. e. /

su Jug-pa v. rjh-su.- - 2. to set or fall

to, to begin, tig -pa sbydn-bas rteom-pa/,/' /t-I<i Jug a skilled, an experienced man

is prepared for anything, knows how to

set about it, how to manage it Med.; gen.

with the inf. : to begin to do, to commence

doing a thing, rt6g-pa-la, resp. dg6n*-pa-

la Jug -pa to begin to think upon Dzl.,

Gli:; ston-pa-la Jug-pa to begin to show

DzL; ycig-la ycig rndm-par brldg-pa-la

zugs-pas being in the best way of entirely

exterminating one another Stg. 3. pass,

of Jug-pa II, 3, of letters: to be combined,

to be preceded, to be followed, zla yig **6n~

du ba cw</.s-c-an (words) having zl preceded

by 6, i.e. beginning with b:l Zatn. 4.

turn or move round (ftS \'b. n.), "j(Ii-pll!I!I,ir_t' ltfi..lo,· lV. to look round, or bl\Ckj"ji,i_pa big-c,· Jv. to break one's lI«:k;"jili -JIll :"m_;;,· lV. to hug, to l'mbrnce;Ji,l - A'!IOy n wry neck w.; Ji';' -A,ili tilenape of the neek Gil'.; Ji,j-ltdy the bft.Ckpurt of lIH~ Deck C•.

~.q(~y.;r Jib(.i)-I'" (Sc"'. also oiifls-P«)pf, b!:ib3 (fii~), fut. bzib fj'zib),

tD SUCk, e.g. of a suckling bAb)'; Inn"with lhe lips {-t.t.; /{1'Uf} Jl~-p« 10 suckblood l.a.; to suck ou~ in, or up, to im­bibe, absorb, ;\lso to blister, Jib - lIlan lV.vesiCl\tory.

~.::::rg. Jib - "13i J. C,. n kind of sirup.- 2. Wa,t. 1\ medicinal herb.

~~'=J' ollm - pa fl., G, tl. comllOund ofen.rth lind water, mUd, clay, loam

etc. (Jv. ·jai-la!l); Jlm-doli n. smnll cupof clay, n crucible C,.; .JI'm-yztlfP tl. figureforml'd of c1ny Glr.; rdd_r)ei Jim-po. v.rrl6-1je.

~~'.q' J,il-bu, pf. IK:i~ fut. pit, to expel,eject, remove, turn off, P!I;" Jil-ba

Lu. id., e.g. noxious anifll11ls, vicl's etc,

a,E.'.q' Ju-ha J, vb. 1. pf. JuA, to seize,...., grasp, take hold of, c. <lat., dp"dl-

bai mdd - fa JIi - ba gmsping the arrowsticking in his forebead Glr.; rNy-ta rCt"gJk-ba lAking firmly hold of ench otherlin n storm al sea) 01".; to seir.e n per­son (in tnking him prisoner) PtJ,.; My-pa­nlU to gra.sp by the hand, to shake hands(in Rr~ting) Dzl. - 2. pf. b!:us, fut. bZu,IV. "hj-c, (or jll-C,~)· to melt, 10 digest,

:(/1 Ju..lJa to digest the foud; Ju sld·badigestible, Jll (Ikd-ba difficult of digestion;o"a ju.. cl' Iv. to digest intoxication, tosleep the fumes of wine away; Jtl- b!Jbl:t. sort of bile, tile bile R6 the promoter ofdigOlition Mtd. Cf. zu-oo Il.

II. sbst. I. digestion, Ju - ba uao thedigestion is in order, is easy Mrd.; Ju­stObs cUli the digesti\'e power is weak Mtd.- 2. a flea &h. - Ji-ba.

~tlT Jug. sometimes for 'I1fllg.

171

r=.E:l'rC~~· JlIg -lidgi ( •• tnlranct, .",arI",; of a~. to '" lallk or river,

GhliL (/I.'IU/.).

~tl'f=J" JVY-l'", I. I,f. and imp, ~" IV."My-lot·, vb. n., L to go or waIII

in, to enler, J.I,M-plli, or ali nd"-du Jw;­pa 10 go into the house, or into tllO "'ater;rgya-mho,. JUg-pa to I'"t to sell, to utsail D:i.; Mm-Ilu .,jllg-]!a to set out, t.ostart, to prosecute II. journey; ·"idl_.a_la~M!/ - ceO IV. to go to Oed. In 1\ specilllsense: n. of a demon, entering into a mM 10tllke IJossession of him, hence ·tjt-":ufj-lall·IV. po.>sessed (by l\ demon); Jilg'"'flO .11«1.the place where the demon entewl thobody. b, dyNm-ia JU!H'" to WAlk in thopath of virtue; Ace. to &/If. J'ifJ-pa hyitself, without dgl-ba-In, implie. the "me,nnd in conformity with tbis '" LAmn pvctile following expllUlll.tion of the expre~ion

jlig-pui IlU in T1lg!l.: works that lI.re •consequence of having really entered uponthe l"nctice of virtue, positive good works,opp. to the negath'e good works of theten \'irtues. co. - la Jvg - pa to tum toreliKion, to be converted; 00e or bttdn-pa'H!J-fa Jkg-pa to ndopt n certAin religion,A certain doctrine. c. bwl-mM-ia Jity-pato lie with, sleep with a woman .u«L;·bd,'-Ia My-c,· IV. euph. expression for:to commit adultcry. 11, "d{m-(m :Uy-ce·lV. to appear, in reference to gods. e. ':Jh­3~ Jug-pa y, JjiNtf. - 2. to set or fallto, to begin, riy -]XI Ib!!,;'; - btu rlfQlIl - ]XI

ktill-ia JllfJ a skilled, .n experienced mIlOis preP'lred for lUlythillR, knows how toset about it, how to m,lnAJi:e it .utd.; geo,with the inf.: to begin to do, to commencedoing II thing, I'tdy-fHl-la, resp. (lgd"}){1­la ,JUg - pa to begin to lhink upon D:L,Gi".; .tdll.-1kl-ll~ JUfJ-pa to begiu to ,110'1'0'Dzi.; rNy.ill yNg I'milll-por brldg-pa.lllZ1f:J3-ptu being in the 006t WilY of entirelyexterminating one another SI!I' - 3. p&S1i.of .,jU!J'])(1 11,3, 'of letters: to be combined,to be preceded, 10 be followed, :Ia!fig MON­/1« ba ::ug3-loa" (words) Illll'iug:l preceded~t h, i..,e.,Pr~nning with b:l 7_. - <I.

I:?

jur-ba

to take place, to exist, ce-cun-Kydd %ugs-

par mnon-pas as evidently a difference in

size is existing (?) Dzl. VQ, 3.

II. pf. bcug (perh. also jugs Lex.},

fut. yZug, imp. cug, W. *cug-ce*, vb. a.,

with ndn-du or termin. : 1. to put into, e.g.

meat into a pan, a key into the key-hole,

a culprit into prison ;to infuse, inject, y'zug-

par bya this must be infused Med.\ also

fig. *nyin-rus cug-ce* W. to inspire with

courage. In a special sense: a. de-la bio

jug -pa to set one's mind on, to applyone's self to Glr. b. mi zig "Sos-la jug-pato convert a man, to induce him to adopt a

certain religion ; jug-pa also without an ob-

ject, to missionate successfully Feer Introd.

du B. au Cachem. 68. 2. to make, render,

appoint, constitute, with the accus. and ter-

min., or col. with two accus.: mi zig rgyal-

por jug-pa to make one king.Zte/.; mnon-

du jug -pa to make public or manifest,

to disclose, to show Samb.; *sin cug-ce*W. to clear, clarify; frq. with the supineor root of a verb: a. to cause, compel,

prevail On, zar jug-pa to prevail on another

to eat something Dzl.;skrod-du yzug-go

I shall induce (them) to expel (you) Dzl. ;

bzugs jug rgyu ym he will induce (the

god) to take his abode Glr.; ^grons

- su

jug -pa to be the cause of somebody'sdeath Mil.; yid-la jug-tu jug-pa to cause

a thing to enter a person's mind, to putin mind, to remonstrate; Op'el-bar jug-pa

(resp. mdzad-pa) = spel-ba to increase, as

vb. a.; *)un cug-ce* W. to cause to exist,

create, procure; *Kol jug-ce* W. *skol-ce*

to cause to boil; dar-du cug cig cause it

to spread Glr. b. to command, order, bid,

dmag Qdzin-du bcug he ordered the soldiers

to take (the man) prisoner (but he escaped)Dzl. 3&> 3; byed-du jug -pa to bid one

do a thing, frq.; btsun-mo blon-pos ^ebs-su bcug he gave orders for the queen being

protected by the minister, c. to let, suffer,

permit, smon-lam Odebs-su cug allow me to

say a prayer; rtsig-tu mi jug I shall not

give permission to build Glr. d. to give

an opportunity Thgy. e. in a general sense:

dal-du jug-pa to do things slowly, to be

slow Mil. 3. to put grammatically: snon-

du jug-pa to put or place before, snon-

jug a prefixed letter, a prefix; rjes-jugfinal letter, yan- )ug the last but one; also

to put, to use a word in a certain signi-

fication, rgyu-mfsan-la jug is used with

reference to cause Gram. 4. to banish,

to exile (prob. erron. for sp^ug-pa), bydn-la to northern regions Glr. 5. sgo jug-

pa v. sgo. 6. inst. of Jbyug-pa.

QE^n'^r 3wy~Pa s^st" I- the going into, the

NS '

entering; in a special sense 2. the

beginning, the first stage of a disease Mng.- 3. (^recTPC) the incarnation of a deity.

QEC^rCT o)u/ts~Pa avarice, Dzl., Lex.; juhs-NS pa-can avaricious; juns-jur a

miser, niggard.

r jud-mfun-ma, or jud-Jun-ma Lex. ('accessible to all')

a prostitute; jud-mfun byed-pa to be a

harlot.

ncr'rr jud-pa, and more frq. Odzud-pa,Ns '

secondary forms of jug -pa. Cf.

cud-pa, Ofsud-pa.

jun-pa, pf. bcun, fut. yzun (cf.

bzun, zun) W. *cun -ce*, Cs. : to

subdue, make tame; to make confess; W.;

to make soft, to soften, e.g. iron; to punish,

by words or blows; to convert.

jiim-pa, pf. bcum, fut. -fzum, imp.

cum, to shudder, to shrink. (Ace.

to grammatical analogy jum-pa ought to

be vb. a., to cause to shudder, and Ocum-pavb. n.) ,m jums -pa Lex.

,contraction of

the muscles, shrinking, shuddering Sch.

n sr' Ojur, supine of ju-ba', jur mi Odod

NS indigestible Sch. ('?).

jur-ba 1. (pf. bcur, q. v.) Cs.:

complication ;Sch. also : to struggle

against, to resist. Pth.: jur-bar Ogyur-ba

to be entangled; jur-bu Sch., *jur-pa* C.

tangled yarn ;srdd - bui jur (-pa) Lexx.

w. e.,

Sch. : 'the tightness of the yarn' ;

jur-mfug wrinkled, as the skin is in old

age Thgy. ; jur -mig a wire - drawing

plate, jur-mig-nas Odren-pa to draw

through this plate Thgy.- - 2. = Odzur-ba

118

to take place, to exist, le-CuIi.Ryoo ZU[J8'pal' mMn-pas as evidently a difference insize is existing (?) Dzi. YS, 3.

11 pr. bCug (perh. also Jugs LeJ:.),fut. i'Zug, imp. ~9, w: 'cug-ee-, ,·b. Il..,

with ,uhi-du Of termin.: 1. 10 put into, e.g.meat into a. pan, It key iute the key-bole,a culprit into )lrison; to infuse, inject, 1My"par bya this must be infused Moo.; alsofig. 'nyili-I'1l' cug-U" w: to inspire withcourage. In a sllccial sense: n. dJ-Ia bibJug- po, ro set one's mind on, to applyone's self to Glr. b. mi b.'g c<M-Ia Jlig-pato convert II. mau, to induce him to ado)lt n.certain religion j Jug-pa also withoutllD ob­ject, to missionale successfully F«r Intl'OO,dft B. au Cacltem. 68. - 2. to make, render,appoint, constitute, with the accus. and ter.min., or col. with two accns.: 'mi zig ryyal­p&r Jug-pa to make one king'.Dd.; 1ll1ion­du Jttg-pa 10 make public or manifest,to disclose, to show Samb.; ·ai,i tug-Ct·lV. to clear, clarify; irq. with tbe supineor root of a verb: a. to cause, compel,p~ail on, zur Jug-pa to prevail on anotherto eat sometbing DzL; akrod-dtt yzug-go1 shall indnce (them) to expel (you) Dd.;bzugt Jug rg!ltt yin he will induce (thegod) to take his abode GIr.; <1!u)lit-.wJug - pa to be the cause of somebody'sdeatb Mil.; yid-la Jug-til Jug-p« to causea thing to enter a Ilerson's mind, to putin mind, to remonstrate; .,pel-bar Jug-pa(resp. mdzad-pa) - tpel-ba to increase, lIS

vb. a.; 'wi Cug-~? W. to cause to exist,create, procure; ·1lIJ1 )ug-~? W: - ·sJ•.'ol-i:?to cause to boil; dar-du Cug Ng cause itto spread Gir. b. 10 command, order, bid,dmag "dzin-du bi:uy he ordered the soldiersto take (the man) prisoner (but he escaped)Dzl. ;q~, 3; byed-du Jug-pa to bid onedo a thing, frq.; bt8'Un-mo Uotl-p03 ,jJlbt­su beug he gave orders for the queen beingprotected by the minister. c. to let, suffer,permit, nll/.l11-lam ctkb8-.w eu.g allow me tosay a prayer; rlsig-tu mi Jug 1 shall notgive permission to build Glr. d. 10 givean opportunity TI,g!!. c. in a g(llle~18eDSC:

dal-du JU[I-pa to do things slowly, to beslow Mil. - 3. to put grammatically: "/ion­du Jltg-pa to put or place before, s,;on­Jug a prefixed letter, a prefix; IJca-Jugfinallelter, yan-c7u!J the last but onc; lllsoto IlUt, to use a word in a certain signi_fication, 1'!!!fI.I-'fIl(8an-la Jug is used withreference to cause Gram. - 4. to banilh,to exile (prob. erron. for tp,J1ig-pa), bydit­la to northern regions Glr. - 5. 3flo Jug­pa v. sgo. - 6. inst. of cb!J1ifrPa.AAttj"q· Juy-pa sbst. 1. the going into, lhe

...., entering; in a special sensc 2. thebeginning, Ihe first stage of;1 disellse .V1i9.- 3. (fliTT'U the incarnation of a deity.AAc:.~·q· Janis-pa avarice, Dzl., Lu.; J1ili3­

..... pa-Cll11 avaricious; JllI;s·Ju,· amiser, niggnrd.a.e.:-'~~.;r Jud-mfun-ma, or Jud•.,(un.,,1..... ma La. ('accessible 10 aU')a prostitute; Jud-mfun byed - pa to be aharlot.

a.e.~;'r JUd-pa, and more frq. crbuJ.pa,...., scconilll.ry forms of J,ig-pa. Cf.

CiJd-pa, c(trild·pa.Cle.~·.q J,in.pa, pf. b~lIn, {UI. r!:un (d.""..... bhm, !:un) w: ·CUll- i:?, C'8.: tosubdue, muke tame; io make confess; W.;10 make soft, to .soften, e.g. iron; to punish,by words or blows; to convert.Cl,i~'.q Jum-pa, I)f. bi:um, fut. rZulll, imp.

..., Cum, to shudder, to shrink. (Aec.to grammatical analogy Jum-pf~ ought wbe vb. a., to cause 10 shudder, Rnd .,cum-pavb. 0..) sa JUlIIS-l14 La., coniraction ofthe muscles, shrinking, shuddering &/,.C\e.~' Jut, supine of Ju.bu; JUl' mi cdod

...., indigestible &11. ('?).~e.~:.q JUT - ita 1. (pf. bCul', q. v.) u.:

..., eompliClltion; &1,. also: to struggleagainst, 10 resist. Ptll.: Jur-bat o!Iyur-itato be entangled; Jiu-bu &h., ·Jlir.pa· C.tangled yam; ardd-bui Jur(-pa) Leu.w. e., Sek: 'the tightness of the yarn':JU./,-'Ill(l;g wrinkled, as the skin-is in oldage Thy!!.; Jur -1111g n wire - drawingplate, JUt - mig. nus cdl't1~ - pa to drawthr<lugb this plnte TIIg!!. - 2. = cdZlir-ba

170

to evade, to shun, to go out of the way,unavoidable Mil.

x. \. Ju-ba 1,1.

J^s-pa, Jtbs-po, well-sounding

Stg.; snyan -)dbs harmony,

euphony.

r JKO-P I- dexterity, clev-

erness LC.I-. 2. skilled, clever;

>"//. decent; JSms-po id.

olfS!^' J~ sy*9 a coquettish , alluring,

'

seducing attitude or posture; Lex.:

Jud-mfitn Jo-sgeg jog the harlot assumes

such an attitude.

J'ba, pf- bzos, ft. bzo, imp. Jos,

to milk, rti-ma Jo-ba to milk a

goat, ^o-majo-ba 'to milk the milk'; Kyod-

kyis ^6-ma bzos dug, nas ni bZfe-pa med,it is you, not I, that have 'milked out

the milk1

Glr.\ )d(-ba)-po, J6-mKan,milker, milk-man, J6(^-bd)-mo milkmaid;

Odod - Joi ba a cow that is able to fulfil

every wish.

0|-crrq- jog-pa I. pf. bzag, ft. fzag, imp.

zog, C. col. *zdg-pa*, 1. to put,

to place, e.g. the foot on the ground ;also

to place persons, to assign them a place

Dzl., Glr.', fig.= ^od-pa (e.g. dge-ba-la,

bya it-cub-la, byan-cub-kyi Idm-l(i) v. Ogdd-

pa 3; to put in order, to arrange, Jig-

rten-bzag-pa the arrangement (system) of

the world; lus drdn-por bzdg ste sitting

straight, bolt-upright Dzl, Mil.; bzdy-nami sdod if one places her any where, she

will not remain there Mil.;

sten - du y<tr

bzag (the anchors) were placed above,

were weighed Pth.; Ids-su Jog-pa to set

one a task, to employ one in a certain

service Dzl., rgyal-srid-la jog-pa to ap-

point one to the government i.e. to makeone king; sems (resp. fugs) -la Jog-pa to

take to heart Glr., Mil.-, liis-la grui Odu-

sfa bzdg -la if we fancy the human bodyto be a ship Thgy. ; ndm-mfca rdh-gi ndn-

du zog transfer it to the nature of the

ethereal space, i.e. figure it to yourself as

ether Mil.; pyir Jog-pa 1 . to leave behind,

at home Dzl.; 2. to put by, to lay aside

Dzl.', (another reading omite pyir).

to lay or put down, a burden etc., *Mg-la

log* put (it) down and come! C.; nor

(?}* yJy me(J- heaping up treasures and de-

positing them was not, i.e. was never heard

of; y6g-Jog-mKan a hoarder up, a miser

6'*.; to leave, to leave behind, lay-r)h a

trace or mark of activity, monumentum

Glr.; to leave, quit abandon, rdii-gi yulone's own country Glr.: po/'m-jxir ma bzdg-

par so that it is not abandoned, given

up, to poverty Thgy.; *yug-ls bog* C. (

*pdri-te bor* W.) throw it away! to de-

pose, yi-ger bins Jog -pa to depose in

writing, literis mandare Glr. ; sd-bon, ydtin-

brgyud Jog-pa to leave an offspring behind,

to propagate the species ; to lay up, to keep,

as holy relics; to lay aside, re-big zog-la

setting aside, apart, for a while Dzl.;

mnydm-par Oz6g-pa v. mnydm-pa; &gr<'>l-

lam Jog shall we turn them out or leave

them? Mil. nt.

II. pf. (b)zo(/s, fut. yzog, imp. bog, W.

*zog-ce* to cut, to hew. to square, a pen,

timber etc.;

to carve, to chip, a thin piece

of wood etc.

fli^Tl H Jog-po n. of a Lu Mil., = Jag-po.

"

Jon = Icon, tadpole.

3ofl ~ J*" col -> ^ch

oblong, longish. oval, elliptical.

cylindric. bottle-shaped etc. ; col. also applied

to stature: tall; Joii-nt/dins

- can Wthi.

oblong shaped, in relation to leaves, cones

of fir etc.; 16-ma Jon -stabs nydg-ya-cun

split into narrow slips, wing-cleft (leaves

of caraway) Wdii. ; dbyibs- J6n an oval

form.

'x3' Jon-tee Cs. = Icog-toe.

cjoms-pa, pf. bcom, also

fut. yz&m, imp. com, W. *t-om-

ce* 1. to conquer, subdue, oppress, suppress.

an enemy; Od6il-cdg$-kyis kiin-nas Jom*-

pa to be quite overpowered by lust :

nod Joms -pai sman a medicine for a

disease (to overcome it); rdb-tu f:o>n-pa

Odi the following oveq>owering (charm);

to evade, to shun, to go out of tbc way,J"..-mh/ ulllwoidauic Mil.

~~' Jm, \'. JIl,.J.,a 1,1.~

~.q~·.:r J/bf..po, J~-l)O, well-soundingStfl.; snyml - ,,)& Ilnrmony,

<.'uplJouy.

c;E:~(~)'.:r Jlm(.)-pa 1. dexterity, clev­erness Lu. 2. skilled, cleverj

&1,. decent; Jnlll-'jJO id.

C\E:'~~' Jo - &!Jig a coquettish, alluring,seducing attitude or posturc; Lu.:

JlIllo.fllfim J~ JOfj the harlot assumessuch .n attitude.~-:':::r Jd-ba, pf. bzOf, ft. bzo, imp. J03,

to milk, ra -11lfl old - ba to milk agoat, ~o-'ma)rr-IJa 'to milk the milk'; ~'!1Od­

kyi, .d-ma b!:o& dflg, ,jas 1Ii bzo.-pa mtd,it is yOll, not I, that have 'milked outthe milk' Glr.; Jd(-ba)-po, Jd-'1IlA!an,milker, milk-num, J6(-ba)-mo milll:Dlflid;"ded - Joi ba a oow that is able to fulfilevery wish.«~.:r JOg-po 1. pf. bzag, ft. rzug, imp.

Zog, C. 001. ·zdg - pa", 1. to put,to place, e.g. the foot on the grouud; alsoto pllll'e persons, to assign them II plnceD=l., Glr.; fig. = ofJdd-pa (e.g. dfJ~ba-la,

byal.-cub-la, bywi-l!Ub-k!Ji him-la) v• .,gOd­pa 3; to put in order, to arrange, Jig­l'tJII-b?:ag_pa the arrangement (system) ofthe wodd; lUI drdli - PO" bzdg· ate sittingstraight, bolt-upright D::l., Mil.; bMy- nami adod if one llinces her any where, shewill not remain there Mil.; IteJi - du yarbzug (tlle anchors) were placed abo\'e,were weighed PI:1I.; lUI-au J6tj-pa to setOne .. task, to employ one in a certainservice D:l" rtJYal-sricl-la Jdg-pa to ap­point onc to the govemment i.e. to makeODe king; irllll (resp. (ug,)-la J6[J-pa totnke to henrt Gl..., Mil,; f,i,-ta !lI'1Ii "du­ih b?:uy-l" if we fancy 1Ile hUlDlln bodyto be II. ship Tllgy.; nUIII-mlla 1'd~-gi lid,;­clll, zoy transfer it to the nature of tileetherCfll spAce, i.e. figure it to yourself asether Mil.;p!Jir Jdg-pa I. to len\'e behind,At home D::l.; 2, to put by, to Jay ...49

D::l.; (another reading omiu pyir). - 2,to lay or put down, II llllTden etc., "lOg./11iOft put (it) down and oomel C.; 1lOI'

(1')101./ )OfIlIltd heaping up Ireasuretl and d&­positing them WAS no\, i.e. wu Dever IlC~.rtl

of; fl&9-JOfj-1lll.!an a boarder up, .lUi~r

Ca.; to leave, 10 leave behind, llliJ·rjh 1\

trace or mark of activity, monumenlUllIGlr.; to leave, qui~ abandon, rd~_gi yulone's own country Glr.; P&lil~P"r ma blaf}­pal' so that it is Dot aillmdoned> givenup, to poverty TllfI!J.; "yuy-it Wy" C, (_"jJu>i - tt bor" U':) throw it nw.y! to de­pose, yi - !ltr bl'is JOg -1'" to depose inwriting, litem mandart Glr.; IU-hoH, rdU/i­br!l!jUd Jdg-1Ja to lea\'C nu offspring behind,to propnJ.';ltte the species; to lay up, to keep,as holy relics; to lay aside, ri.zig z&g-lasetling nside, apart, for A while D::l.;JIInydm-par "My-pa v, ,'lIlyum-pa; IItJnH­lam JOfJ shall we tum thcm out or leavethem? Mil. nt.

II, pc. (b):OljI, rut. r=Ofl, imp. Zog, lV,·zOfj-u," to cu~ 10 hew, to square, • pCIl,timber etc.; to carve, to chip, a thiD {,ieeeof wood ete.

a~:q olOfl-]JQ n. of n Lu Mil., = J"frPO.

a,Et: Joil-lto,;, tadpole.

r.$."t:a=t' ,Jo~-JQ,i col., &11. ,Jd,;-po,"\- oblong, longish, oval, elliptical.

cylindric, bottle-shaped etc.; col. also appliedto stature: tall; Jo,; - llya11ll - 0011 WIl".oblong shaped, in relntiOIl to lCftve>l, CODe;;of fir elc.; ld·,1kl JOI4·,tclN ll!Jag-ga-clmsplit into nn.HO ..... 1'I1ips, ..... ing-deft (learesof Cll.raway) WJ,i.; dbyibs - JIM III 0,".1form.-- ...,.af~'I3' ,Jdli-tIe u. = lCOg-tH.

~~.q JOIIII - pa, .pc. brom, .I~ 1:011I,fut. }':O/ll, Imp. rom, n. ·Mm­

Cl· 1. to conquer, subdue, opprus, suppress,an enem)'; "dckl-lfiys-lyil .hi'l-lial JOIIII­1)IJ to be quite O\'erPO""croo by lu~t;

naIL Jq,,11 - pili' 111I1"1 I\. medicine for I~

dise&S1:! (to oreroome it); "fW-tIl r:o-pa"dl' \ue foltowinft ove'llOweriDg (ch:\rIl1);

180

*J' rjed-pa

bc6m-mo an exclamation like: I am clone

for! periil- - 2. to destroy, towns etc.

Glr.; bcom-la yzdg-go id. Glr. -- 3. to

plunder, spoil, rob, )6ms -pai grabs byds-

pa-la as they were about to rob him Mil.- 4. to finish, accomplish W., cf. cdm-pa.

o.7or ! also fzor> hoe, grubbing-

hoe, mattock, pick-axe (W. *t6g-tse*)}

s rko-ba to turn up with the hoe;

)6r-po a large mattock, pick-axe, spade,

)6r-bu a small one, a hoe; QJor-yu the

handle of a hoe, )or-lcdgs the iron of a

mattock 6s. 2. supine of jo-ba.

Jol-ba I. vb. 1. to hang down,of a cow's udder, of the long hair

on a yak's belly, of tails etc.; )ol- )6l

hanging-belly, paunch. 2. gen. Jbyol-ba

to turn aside, to make way.

II. sbst., also (6s.) Jol-jol and ?zol-

ba, train, trail; retinue 6s.; Oj6l-gos 6s.,

Oj6l-ber Wdk., Pth., a robe or garment with

a train; Jjol-can having a train; ^ol-medwithout a train 6s.

ojol-le hanging, cf. pyan-ne, grod-

pa )ol-le hanging-belly, paunch,cf. pyal Lex.

0&py$f jdl-mo, ace. to the descriptions

given by natives, a bird of the

size of a blackbird, of lively motions and

an agreeable whistling, in the neighbour-hood of Lhasa, building in willow- trees

and thorn-bushes; 6s. has: a turkey-hen.

rfdn-ma, or rdzan-ma, store -room

Thgy.

*|" rjid-pa lean 6s., gen. rid-pa.

*zib-las*(?) W., service done in

socage, compulsory service, in the

fields, on roads etc.

StS'^T r)ud-pa, rdzud-pa,=

rgiid-pa Lex.

^5T rjun, nad-rjun Mil. a disease.

gyn^s r)e(-bo), also r)e-u, lord, master, 1.

:

^ruler, king, yul-gyi rje mdzdd-nas

ruling over a country, acting the part of

a sovereign G-lr.; bod-Kdms-kyi rje-bor gyurhe became sovereign of Tibet Wdk. ; sd-yi

bddg-po tni-yi rje Mil. lord of the ground,ruler of the people; rje-bo dan bran, r)e-

K61 Stg., master and servant; rje-blon kingand minister; rje ci lags sir, what does

that mean? Glr.; also a title before names,

esp. names of kings, jo-bo rje DipangkoraGlr. ; rje-bdud rje-btsdn the gentlemen devils

and the gentlemen goblins (messieurs les

diables et messieurs les farfadets); rje

dkon-mcog-la ysol-ba Odebs-pa Mil is in fact

an empty phrase in the mouth of a Bud-dhist philosopher, but may nevertheless

be used in Christian language for addressingGod as 'our Lord

1

. 2. a nobleman, a

person of rank, rjeu(i) rigs, rje-rigs=

rgyal-

rigs the caste of nobility. rje-dpon (Lex.

^rnt)=

rje-> master, lord, prince 6s.; rje-

ma, also yces-ma 6s., col. *se-ma*., a ladyof rank, rje- cuii a young lady, a miss;

rye-srds a young gentleman; also a term

of address 6s. --rje-btsun reverend sir, a

title of the higher priesthood, rje-btsun-mafern. - -

rje-sa (or ze-sa) byed-pa to show

deference, to pay one's respects; ze-sai

ytam, or ze-sai skad courteous words, esp.ceremonial and complimentary terms, e.g.

dbu for mgo etc. W.: *yd-sa co-ce, yd-se

pe-ra*.

S'C^*TJe

~ ar ^e l wer Par^ f ^ne ^eSi

the Shank ( W. *suy*) ; rkaii-lag rje-

ndr the lower part of the arms and the

legs Med.

E*n* r)e-ba, pf. brjes, fut. brje, imp. brjes,

W. *ze'-ce*, to barter, to give or take

in exchange; Odi-dag-gis brjeo it may be

exchanged for these Dzl.; *zan daii srog

ze'-ce* W. to risk one's life for the necessaryfood (as thieves do); brje-byai nor articles

of barter; in a more general sense: to

change, to shift, min the name, gos the

clothes Dzl., ynas the place, fse the life,

i.e. to die 6s. brje(j-ba)-po a barterer 6s.

iJed -pa, pf. and fut. brjed 1. to

honour, reverence c. dat., mcdd-cin

brjed-pa id. Dzl.] brjed-pai ^os venerable

Lex. 2. to forget, frq. (cf. lus-pa) ; brjed-

du jug -pa to make forget, to cause to

forget.

180

U6m-tM an exclamation like: I am donefor! pwii! - 2. to destroy, 10"'-05 eiC.GI,..; £M". -la ,zag -90 id. Glr. - 3. toplunder, spoil, rob, j6Jm _pai grub. byti,_ptJ-bJ. as they were about to rob him Mil.- 4. to finish, accomplish W., cr. tdrn-pa.~. jot- 1. C., also pr, hoe, gnJbbing.

floe. matt~ pick.ue (w. -tOft-b?),.Jdr-!lYM rt6-ba to tum up with the hoe;J6r'-po a large Dlauock, pick.ue, spade,J6r-bu a small one, a hoe; .}!1r-yiI thehandle of a hoe, .Jqr-1Mgs the iron of amtl.ttoek Ct. - 2. supine of Jd-bu.

AA~.:::r Jol- ba I. vb. 1. to hang down,of a cow's udder, of the long IIl1.ir

on D )'ak's belly, of tails etc.; Jol- Jdlhanging-belly, paunch. - 2. gen. /)!lrJl~ba

to turn aside, to make way.]1. sUst., also (u.) .Jol-Jdl nnd r!:&­

00, train, trail; retinue Ur:.; ,JOl-fIO' Go,Jdl~ Wdk., PM., a robe or gnrment with0. train; Jdi..can buing a trlliD; Jd-m«lwithout a train u.~..rr.(.)ol-li hanging, cf. P9""--;'I-. 9,"6d·

1'4 .Jol-U hanging-bell}'. paunch,cf. ",jal Lu.,\~..(5f ,j6l.•." 3CC. to the de;;aiptiollS

given by natives, • binl of wes.ize of a blackbird, of lively motions aodan agreeable whistling. in the neighbour.hood of Lhasa, boilding in "f\illow_lreesIU1d thonr.bushe.s; OJ. has: a turkey.ben.

~c;';r rjd".-m4, or f'fkan-mG, dON!-fGom'floy,_

r-·.q rjid.-pa lean c.., gen. rid-po.

f.::r~~· "zib-IJ(f) n~, service done illsocage, compulsory ienice, in tile

field~ on ronds etc.

~~·tr r).id_po, f'fk'id_pa, - rgud·pa Le;(.

~~. ';lIm, nad-r)lin Mil. /l. disease.

i'(::f) T)i(-I.Jo), also rje-u, lord, mutN, 1.ruler, king, y(d - gyi 'it md:.dl!-"al

ruling over a COWltry, acting tbe part. ofa sovereign GIr.; lJod..NmI-Ityi~r gylVhe lIeeallle IOvere:ign of Tibet U'iJk.; td-yt'

bdUg-po WIi-yi rjt Mil. Ion! tJf the ground,ruler of the peoille;~ daJ4 brnn, rye­[-oJ St9-, master lind Sf:mmt; rjt-hl6H ki~

lWd minister; rjt' ci Ingt sir, what dOC$tltat me:rn? Glr.; aJso a tide before names,elp. OD-lUes of kings,}6-lJo r;}t DipangJ.:oraGlr.; rj6-&lIid ?t-btM1I thegentlemeo de\il"lWd the gentlemen goblin.s (messieurs Iesdiables et messieutll les farfadet!!); Tftdl"Oll-lHroy-La }'3&-lHJ.<fi&..pa Mil. is in I.e!lUI emp!)' phrnse ill the mouth of a Bud­dbist philosopher, but may nevertheles>lbe used in Christian langu~ for addressingGod ns 'our Lord'. - 2. a nobleman, aI>crson of rank, r)tu(i) rig~, r)M-lY' _ r!!!/al­Tlg. the caste of nohilit},. - rjt-dpQlI (I..e.r.~) - r)t, mnster, lord, princc COl.; lje­ma, also I'm-ma u.. col. -Ne-ma-, a Iud}'of fRJIk, 1:}t - nin a young lad)', 1\ miss;r)t.,rd3 a young gentlem&Il; also" termof address O. - rit-btlun reverend lir, atitle of tbe higher Vriesthood, r)H.tJtin.-mafem. - rj(~ (or ~) byM-pa to sho""deference. 10 pay one's respects; tt· Mli)'tam, or ~i atod courteous words, esp.cerelD()uiai and coOlplimeotaf)· te~ e.g.dhw for 'wtg(J etc:. W: -},IIi.ja bS-h, yd-Jepi-ra".i'"t;,.%;;' ?i! - Jidr tbe lower part of the leg,::. the shank (W. -,ug"); rkaif-lflg~Ii"" the lower part of the lU"nlS and theltgs Mtd.&".~. Ijt-ba, pf. brjn, fut. brp, imp. /wjn,::. W ·:::i-«", 10 larter, \() give or lakein exchange; .di.dag-gil brito it milo)' beexchanged for these D::L; ....,an dan U"OfJZi-U' W: to risk one's life for the necessaryfood (lIS thieves do); lnje-byai 1Wr articlesof blU1er; in /l. more geneml sense: tochange, to shift, filii. the nalDe, !J04 thoclothes D::l., )"tla.!l tile place, {SIJ the life,i.e. to die c.. - blji(-ba)-po a barterer U.~'=r tjed -pa, pf. and fut. brjed 1. to

honour, reverence e. dllt., mlOd...VIibrJld-pa id. D::I.; brjId-pai ~OI'-YeneralJle

Lu. - 2. to forget. frq. (cf.ltu-pa); brjM­dw .)'9·po. to ulake for~t. to c.use to

'......

1-1

Comp. r)t'</- /tax-ran l.r.r.r.

forgetful, oblivious; ('*. gives inst. of it:

r)t il-in',s-r, but also thus no clear etymo-

logical explanation is obtained. r/nl-l'-u

draught of oblivion, of Lethe Cs. -//,,/-

t>sni/i'tt (etymology?) x</ii</-pa technical term

for the common practice of Indian servants

to hide un object belonging to their master

in some obscure corner, and after waiting

(*!/"g-pa) for some months, until it maybe assumed that the thing is altogether

forgotten (bij4d-pa), to appropriate it to

themselves. --rjed-fo list of notes, me-

morandum-book, journal, diary, cash-

book etc. Glr., C., W. --ijed-rdo prob.

monumental or memorial stone. - -rjed-

Infdfi specifications or lists of goods, piecesof luggage etc. which the Tibetans numberand mark with the letters of the alphabet.

rjnl-byi'd 1. a demon that takes awaythe power of memory, also rjed-byed-kyi

ydon. 2. epilepsy (^R?PTT) Med. rjed-

zds ( 's. : 'the meat of forgetfulness'.v ^-^

gr<3T<3T^' rjen-ne-ba \. the following word.

>jen-pa 1- not covered, bare, naked,

B.j C. ( W. : *cer-nydl*') ,rkan -

rjen

(-pa) barefooted, unshod; zahs -i-jt'-n

-par

ydd-ba or ysegs-pa, resp., to be barefooted,

to go barefoot; ydon rjen-du sdod-pa to

sit with unveiled face, mgo-rjen-pa with

uncovered head, ryyab-rjen with a naked

back 6s.; ijen-par ddn-paC. to strip

perfectly ; dmar-rjen stark naked Sch.; rdl-<jri

rjen-pa a naked sword; *zen-pa ton* W.

give it (me) not wrapped up! sa-r)en the

bare ground, not covered with a carpet

Cs.; r)en-ne,-ba undisguised, obvious to the

understanding, manifest Mil. - 2. raw,

not roasted or cooked, sa-rjen raw meat,

dmar-rjen red raw meat; mar- r)i'n not

melted butter; nas-rjen raw barley, not

prepared or roasted; also the meal of it:

W. *nar-)en* barley -flour, cf. Sch.: bra-

rjen buckwheat -meal. iycn-zusMed.(( s. also r)en-i*igs) victuals that may be

eaten raw. --3. not ripe, unripe \Y.

ye* I- trace, track, mark left, impresnonmade (on the ground) , pyi-rjb Med.

prob. id.; mi^-rjh a man's track, rta-ryba horse's track Glr. ; xh'i-rtui //,.< th.- track

of a waggon or cart, a rut; rkan~r)b, reap.

:f//-/yi, the trace of one's foot, footprint,

rkan-rjS* byun a footprint is made; r/

W'* jfy-pu to leave a footprint behind

Mil.; byas-rjes proof of an accomplisheddeed, whether it be the work itself or

some indubitable result of it; lag-ijeg, resp.

pyag-rjes impression or mark left of one's

hand, hence fig.: action, deed, charitable

institution, pious legacy, whereby a personwishes to immortalize his name. 2. the

hind part of a thing 6W/.(?) 3. inrelation

to time: that which follows, the conse-

quence, the course or progress of a thing,the last,

=mjug. 4. adv. and postp.

inst. of r)e-su, v. below. - >

yfdd-pa\ . Sch. to destroy, blot out, efface a track

or trace, in Med. to eradicate the trace

of a disease, to cure it thoroughly, 2. Sch.:

to separate, disjoin the hind part(?) 3. W.

*zes cdd-be* to follow a trace or track, to

find out or to come upon the track. -

rjes dzin-pa to 'seize1

the track, to over-

take Glr., also to be able to follow the

track, rd-ma Kyui rjes mi zin-pa a goatthat caunot follow the flock Mil. //<*-

la, rjes-su, rjes, adv. und postp., afterward-,

hereafter, for the future, later; after, be-

hind, dei rjes-la, de-rjes after that, after-

wards, later Mil.; de-dag Odds~pai r)e-*u

after these were gone (?//.; bzag-rji's po.=

bzdg^pai 6g-tu Lt. ; nai -rjes-su after mydeath. r)es-su in conjunction with verbs

corresponds to the &. ^m and is often

not to be translated, or serves only to give

additional force to some other word or ex-

pression: ijt's-su ggro-ba, Obrdn-ba to go

after, to follow, to come after; also tig.:

spyod-pa fana-cad ya-rdlx-kyi r)es-su 6rdw-

ba to imitate the nobility, the free-born,

in their whole demeanour Glr.; Mo dan

spyod-pn iidn-pai iy&-*u ^ro-ba to imitate

idleness nnd wickedness, or idle and wicked

181

Compo r)M-im-"lall Dtu. (1Jr1ffl~)

forgetful, oblivious; Ci. gives inst. of it:TjM-Iml-I'ml, but also thus no clear etymo­logiell.l expll\l1ation is obtl\ined. - rjld-cudrnull:llt of obli,;on, of f,ethe (.,. - Ijtd­OeIlYlIII (etymology?) Sf,rUg1'" technic:\1 tel'n!for the colllnion prnctice of lfidiun serv/l.Dtsto hide un ohject belonging to their masterin sOlne obscure corner, and after waiting('[l(;f}-pa) for some months, until it mftybe :Issumed thnt the tbing is ftltogetherforgottrn (bljM-pa), to :'Il'proprinte it tothelUscll'es. - tjM.(o list of notes, me­momndllm • book, journal, diftry, cash­book etc. Gll·., C., n: - 7jtd.rdd prob.monumcntnl or memorial stone. - rjtd.blJd,i specifiCAtions or lists of goods, piecesof luggnge etc. whidl the Tibetnns number:md mtlrk with the letters of the alpllallet.- 7jcd-b!jftl t. ft demon thot tll.kes nwnythe power of mcmory, olso r)ed-byM-lyi,Jon. 2. el,ilepsy C~~~ Mcd. - Ijed­zd, £8.: 'the mCl\t of forgetfulness'., ,~~.~o~o r)ht-'IIe-ba v. the following wOI·d.

~':.l' rjm.pa 1. not co...ered, bare, naked,n., C. (II:: ·lel'.nlJd~), rkail _rjhl

(-pa) barefooted, unshod; zab.· ,;)ffi ~ pal'!tld·ba or }'u,'"1H1, I-eSp., to be lmrefooted,to go uarefoot;· ido,i rjhi -til' lfflOd-pa tosit with un...eiled face, mf/o-r)hl-pu. withuncovered hend, 7Y1yah-l:Jell with n nllkedback 0.; ':Jbl - pal' od(m -pa C. to stnl'perfectly; dmar-Ijhlstal'k nuked &11. ;rril-!Jri7ihl-pa II. naked sword; ·Zill-7H1 lo,i· W:give it (me) not wrnppe<l up! sa-I;)hl tilebare ground, not eo\'ered with 1\ carpetG.; r)tllollN.Ja uudisguised, obvious to theunderstal1diug, manifest Mil, - 2. raw,not roasted or cooked, sa.ljl1l rnw meat,I1lJi(ll'.r)ell red row mcat; lIwr - rjhl notmelted butter; 7uu-1ib, raw uadc)', notprepared or TOnstedj also the meal of it:lV. ·1Iar-)b,· btlfley-flour, cf. $d•. : bra­

r)<11 buckwllcnt· melli. - J]m - zu. Med.(e•. nlso Ije1I-ri!J$) ... ictuals thot lila)' beeuten T:IW. - 3. not ripe, unripe 11'.

~~ ~:d~' ~~e~I~:a~k~::~~ ~e~t;:J~e;(~prob. id.; m;"'ih a man'lI tnu:k, rtnrl"}I.II horse'll track Glr.; Ji,i_rtoi r)n tile tfllckof II wt\Sgoll or cart, Ii. rut; l'l'(Ii1-rih, resll.:u!.M.rjh, the tmce of one's foot, footprint,rkail.r)l, byuit a footprint is made; r!U/i­I;)e, JOy - pa to leAVe 1\ footprint lJehiudMil.; b!fu.,-r)h proof of an aeeomplisbeddeed, whether it Uc the work itself orsome induuitaulc result of it; lag-rjh. tellp.P!lag-rj(s iml,ression or mark left of one'shnnd, hence fig.: action, deed, charitableinstitution, pious Icgllc)', whereu)' 1\ personwishes to immortali1.e his name. - 2. thehind part of II thing &"'(J) - 3. inrelatiollto time: tUlIt whiclJ follows, the conse·quence, the course or progreu of I\, thing,the last, - lIVU!!. - 4. Ml,·. lind pastp.inst. of ':f/s-'U, v. below. - r:}n rMd-paI. Sch. to destroy, blot out, effllce a traekor tnlCC, in Mtd. to eradicate the tmceof a discftSC, to cure it thoroughl)" 2. &li.:to lIel,arnte, disjoin tbe bind pllrt(J) 3. W..:t'I Md_«' to follow :\ trace or !nICk, tofind Ollt or to come upon tbe track. ­rjn dzin-pa to 'sei1.e· the lnIck, 1.0 o...e....Ink!": Gil'., also to ue Able 1.0 follow tiletl'lICk, rd -1IIa I!yuj r:Jt" 1m' =ill-PO a gn«ttbllt CAunot follow the !lock Mil. - tji.­la, rp'.lIIl, ties, ad,'. Mild I,ost!,., nfterwaro;j.,hereafter, for tbe fnture, lllter; "fter, lIe­hind, ati ryh.la, dM"jh lifter tbll.t, "he....waros, Illter Mil.; di-t.la[l .dtll-poi 1M"lifter these WCI"t gone Glr.; b:ag-rjh po.- b:df}-poi ~Og-tu Lt.; ,iai rji_w after w)'

death. rye,-nl. in conjunction with verbscorrcsponds to the &1:. ~ aDII is oftennot to be trallslllted, or ser,'U ani)' to gi"eadditional force to some other word or ex·pres;;ion: tj~l d/rd-ba, iJrdit-oo to goIofter, to fol1ow, to come "fter; .Ito fig.:.P!J6d-pa (ulllI-id,1 ya-rrib.-lyi rib..N .brOil­ba to imit:\le the nobility, the free-born,in tbeir ""hole demet'lIOur Glr.; lJ-lo dOH,pydtl-pa Hd'...pai t:JiHlt d/1'6-lJo. to iltlitateidll.'llC>ls lind wickedn~s, or idle and ....·icked

182

rjes

people Ld.-Glr.; slob-dpon-gyi rjes-su btjod-de saying after the teacher Thgy. rjes-

su Odzin-pa to receive Pth. : Kol-por rjes-su

bzun-nas Ito-gos-kyis bskydn- du ysol pray

take me (the orphan) into your service,

and provide me with food and clothes;to

receive as a disciple or follower = ced-du

Odzin-pa frq.; to draw after (after death)Mil. ; to assist, Odi rjes-su zun zig do take

care of, or provide for this man (as a

future co -disciple) Mil.

; finally with re-

spect to charms and spells: to commit to

memory or keep in memory ni f. rjes-

su jug-pa 1. vb. a. to add, affix, 2. vb. n.

to follow, bday dan bddg-gi rjes-su ojug-

pai slob-ma-mams I and the disciples that

follow me Mil.', in a similar sense: mi-la

rjes-su slob-pa to follow another as a dis-

ciple Dzl. %&, 3 (?&"$, 7 seems to be a

corrupt reading). Also in the following

phrases rjes-su may be understood in the

sense of: afterwards, subsequently: rjes-su

drdn-.pa to remember, recollect, keep in

mind, rjes-su drdn-par byed-pa to bring to

one's remembrance, to remind Pth.; rjes-

su ^yod-pa to repent 6s.; pleon. or without

any obvious meaning in: rjes-su mfun-pa

Thgy. to agree, to accord, rjes-su rnyed-

pa Stg. to find, rjes-su dpdg-pa to weigh,

to ponder 6s., rjes-su snyin-brtse-ba Thgy.to pity, rjes-su bstdn-pa Tar. to instruct,

and thus in similar expressions, esp. in

one of frq. occurrence in legends: rjes-su

yi-rdn-ba, resp. rjes-su fugs -ran- ba (Sch.

erron. fugs -pa!} to rejoice, to enjoy, for

which sometimes also rjes-su pyogs-pa is

used, e.g. dbye-ba-rnams-la rjes-su yi-rdn-

ba to rejoice at people disagreeing, to enjoy

dissensions and jarrings Sty.

Comp. rjes-skyes (^Rf) born later

;

younger brother. rjes-grub-kyi mm by-

name, surname 6s. rjes-jug \ . following,

coming after, pyi-rdbs rjes-^ug fams-cdd

all the following generations Pth. 2. final

consonant. --rjes -fog prob. the same as

rjes- la Wdh. rjes

- fob Mil. is said to

denote short interruptions of meditation

by taking food, but no more than is ab-

*

Ijdn-Ku

solutely necessary for the preservation of

life. rjes-dpdg \ . consideration, deliber-

ation. 2. Was. (297) a syllogism consistingof three propositions.

- -rjes-ma = rjes 2

hinder part 6's. rjes-med without leaving

any traces, trackless, Ojig-pa to destroy

thoroughly Glr."

T rjes-pa v. rje-ba.

rjod-pa pf. and fut. brjod, to say,

pronounce, utter, e.g. a charm or

magic formula; ne min sod -da rag* W.

I hear my name mentioned; sans-rgyds-

kyi mfsdn-nas to pronounce or invoke the

name of Buddha Dzl.;

to propound, pro-

mulgate, cos a religious doctrine; to enu-

merate, set forth, legs -pa or nyes-pa the

good or bad qualities, actions etc., yon-tanthe excellence or superiority of a personDzl. and elsewh.; to treat of a subject in

writing: Ihdy-pa-rnams niOdir brjod-bya

we have now to treat of the rest Zam.\

an author even says zes brZod - de with

regard to his own words (after a bombastic

poetical exordium, like the 'dixi', of Roman

orators) Glr; rjod-du med-pa unspeakable,

inexpressible, ineffable, rjod-du med-cin

dpdg-tu med-pa id. Dzl.', brjod(-kyis) miIdn-ba (or Un-ba) id.; also vb.: to be in-

expressible or inexhaustible, frq.; re-rei

min-nas rjod mi Ian one cannot mention

or enumerate them all Mil.; don mdzdd-parjod mi lan-ho his

utility is beyond de-

scription Dzl.', rjod-kyis mi Idn-bai pyirmi bkod I do not write it down, because

it is impossible to relate every thing Pth.

(v. brjod).

tfa9s

iresP- f r Ity tongue, Ijdgs-kyis

cab Odor-ba to spit, to spit out;

Ijags-cdb spittle, saliva; Ijags-dbugs breath.

fr'^rljdn-mo p. n. of a district 1. in tl,

2. in Kams.

lj<-ttu ->

or Ijdn-guLt, W., green

(gen. expressed by non-po, notwith-

standing the ambiguity), Ijafi-skyd greenish

white, Ijan-ndg greenish black, dark green.

Ijdii-pa green corn, in the first stageof its growth (in the second stage it is

182

people Ld.-Gir.; aldb-dym"f/yi ryeNu lnjdd.de saying after the teacher '1'h99' - r)ls­8U "d::i'lf« to receive Pth.: lCdl-JXlr tits-sub::uil-nas l/()-gQ8·1q;i8 bdydit -du rool praytake me (the orphan) into your service,and provide me with food and clothes; toreceive us a disciple or follower = M].du

odzin-pa frq.; to draw after (after dellth)Mil.; to assist, oal ':liNU zUli zig do takecare of, or provide for this man (as afuture co· disciple) Mil.; finally with re­spect 10 charms and spells: to commit tomemory or keel) in memory oi ( - tji3­su JUg-pa 1. vb. a. to add, affix, 2. vb. n.to follow, Wag dati bddg-gi rjh -8U Jug­pai Bldha-mum8 I and the disciples thatfollow me Mil.; in a similar sense: ml'-!arje3--su sMb-pa to follow another flS a dis­ciple Dzl. ~,:::tQ, 3 (?~~, 7 seelllil to be 1\

corrupt reading). Also in the followingphrases rJe8-8u may be understood in thesense of: nIterwllrds, subsequently: r)i8~u

dran ... pa to remember, recollect, keep inmind, r)h-su dran'"PO" byM-pa to bring toone's remembrance, to remind PM.; ryb­su 09ydd-pa to repent Cs.; pleon. or withoutlIny obvious mcanioR' in: r)h~u m(lin'paThUg. to agree, to IlCCOrd, r)h'"8u rng!d.1'" Stg. to find, r)b.su opag-pa to weigh,to ponder OJ., ljes-SU snlJiil-bl'tM-ba T119Y.to pity, 1')h·su bstan.pa Tal'. to instruct,aod thus io similar upressions, eSI). inone of frq. occurrence in legends: r)h-suyi.1'ail.ba, resp. 1')es-m fugs.rdn-ba (&h.erron. (ugs-pal) to rejoice, to enjoy, forwhich sometimes also r)l,.,u pyQg&-pa iiiused, e.g. dbyl-ba.rnOoms_la r)eoNu yi-rali­ba to rejoice at people disagreeing, to enjoydissensions and jarrings Slf/.

Compo r)es - s!eyes (~) born Inter;younger brother. - l)fs-grub·l'!Ji mili by.name, surname C,. - l)es·JUg t. following,

. coming after, hi.rabs 1')ts-Jug (anu-Mdall the following generations Prl/-. 2. finatconsonant - r)es-(dg prob. the same asr)es·La Wd,i. - ryn - (6!J Mil. is said todenote short interruptions of meditationby taking food, but no mora tlum is ab-

J 0 U

solutely necessary for the presen'ation oflife. - r)IHlp6g I. consideration, deliber·ation. 2. Was. (297) a syllogism consistingof three propositions. - r)h.ma - 1')ls 2hinder part (". - r)u-1llid without leavingany trnces, trackless, Jig. pa w deslroythoroughly GIl'.,a.~.q' r)h·pa v. 1')1'00.

~..q' r)6d.pa pi: and fut brjod, to say,pronounce, ulter, e.p;. a cwum or

magic formula; ilr min tOd· da l'aIt W.I hear my name mentioned; sans _ r!l!l6Jj.

J..yi m(sd'll-nas to pronounce or invoke thename of Buddha Dzl.; to propound, pro·mulgate, CoB a religious doctrine; to enu·merate, set forth, figs - pa or ny~. pa thegood 01' bad qualities, actions etc., yon-tanthe exceUence or superiority of a personD::l. and elsewh.; to treat of a subject inwriting: 1Ildrrpa-l'nams ni oJir br)dd·bY4we have now to treat of the rest Zam.:an author eyen says Ze8 b,.zoo _de withregard to his own woros (after a bombasticpoetical eltordium, like the 'di"i', of Homa.noratOl"8) GIl' ; 1')dd-du mhl.pa unsl,eaknble,inexpressible, ineffable, 1)6d.du ru!d·Ci,idpdg-tu fIIid-pa id. Dd.; br)od(-kyiB) mifd;j·ba (or wn-ba) id.; also \'1.1.: to be in­upressible or iuelhaustible, frq.: 1't·reimfti-nas r)od 1/Ii Ian one ClUlnot mentionor cnumemtc them all Mil.; dml mdzdd_par)od mi 16/i·/;o his utility is bC)'ond de­scription Dzl.; r)M ·l'!Jis mi w/j·bOoi ftyirmi Mod I do not write it down, becauseit is impossible to relate every thing Ptk(\'. brjod).ft'f l)ags, resp. for Ut, tongue, l)dga·k!lis

cab odor-ba to spit, to spit out;l)aga-CM spillle, saliva; l)ag8-dbUgs breath.

SI!:"5f v"f,j·mo I)· u. of a district l. in 0,= 2. in Karns.

~!:"F' l)dli-J..lu, or Ijdil-gu Lt., W, green..... (gen. expressed by rionilQ, notwith·

standing the ambiguity), l)an.Mya greenishwhite, l)mi--tldg greenish black, dark green.- l)an·pa gl'een corn, in the first sl..'lgeof its ,:trowth (in the second stage it is

1*3

called sog-ma, in the third snye-ma).

lo-l)dn-ba having a green blade. Ijdh-bu

greenness, verdure (grass, foliage, shrubs),

Lex.', ^ro Ijah-dmdr greenish red; Ijaii-

ser greenish yellow.

Ijah-duh (spelling?), solid, not

X3 hollow, W.

f&'<** 0""-0'" f' lth - dirt, dust, sweepings;

'

lud-pa Ijan-ljin man a great deal

of foul mucous expectoration Lt.

fq.l)ab W. flat, plain, even; *l)al>

-Ijdb-

l>a bor* lay or put it down flat; *l)ab

co-te dug* sit down flat (on the ground)!

f.q.Iji-ba, 1. a flea (ji-ba). 2. heavy,

weighty.

fr-q.Ijid-pa, heaviness, weight, yser dan

Ijid-pa mnydm-pa dgos it must be

weighed up with gold Glr. de dan l)id

mnydm-pa of equal weight, equal in weight

Med.; lyid-can, Ijid-lddn heavy; Ijid-ce-ba

very heavy; Ijid-med light, not heavy;lus tarns - cad -

kyi Ijid pab he sat downwith the whole weight of his body Cs.;

l)id-kyis non-pa pressing down by his(its)

weight.

Ijen-paCs. to enter, to penetrate,

blo-la one's mind, = to be perceived,understood

; fson-ljen a die or colour pene-

trating and remaining fixed in cloth etc.

Of. zen-pa.

Ijohs a large valley, principal or main

valley; region, district, province /'. ;. :

Ijons dan yul- Kor countries and provinces;

Ijot'is cen-po a large country; Kd-ba-can-

gyi Ijoris Odi, gdns-can(-gyi) Ijoiis Tibet,

frq.; ndgs-ljons woody country; smdn-ljonsa country of medicinal herbs Zam.: //'<-

gel Ijoiis a very poor country, starving

country Mil.; ljons-la in the valley, in the

plain; l)6ns-mi-rnams country-people 6*.

Ijons (-SM) rgyu- ba to rove about, Ijoiis

syyur-ba the end of the estival fast of the

monks (about the end of August), when

they are permitted to rove about the whole

district of their monastery.

Ijon-pa a country of gods, paradise ;

Ijon-sih a tree from paradise, or

any large and beautiful tree; l)6n-pai nagsa beautiful forest.

nx^r* biyid, Tar. 11, 14, but more frq. yzi-^

brjid, brightness, splendour, lustre, gen.

of gods and saints, v. j'zt; also dpalrbrjid

Lex.; brjid-pa to shine, glisten, glitter Ct.t

Injid-kyis brjid shining with brightness

Lex.

ttftf bije- bo a making up, a compen-

sation by barter, brje- bo byed

-}><t

Glr., *br)e-bo gydb-ce* W., to give an equal

measure in bartering, e.g. of salt for barley.

q|r- brjod (cf. ydd-pa) sound; talking:

speech, brjod bde-ba euphony; also

well-sounding, agreeable speech; brjod mi

bde-ba the contrary ;also : *dha )o mi de*

C. it is not meet now to speak about it;

brjod -pa speech, utterance; mnon- brjod

synonymy, explanation of words; Cs. also:

'a poetical term'; mcod-brjod praise, eulogy,

Sch.: invocation of a deity; ce-br)6d ScAr.(?),

and ced-du brjod-pa, Tar. 140,2 ace. to

Schf. : preface, introduction, in C. : to ap-

prove, sanction, commend, Was. (270) in

the title of a book: = 4^|| -rf w.e.

Comp. br)6d-bya sbst., Zam. also brjod-

pa,=

TJTT^Bf an attribute, predicate /^.r.

bijod-med 1. a speech not earnestly meant,

empty words, mere talk. '2. Mil.: the un-

speakable, the transcendental, identified

by some with the Nirvana, by others not.

-brjod-Odod Tar, 210,7: br)od- Jod-tsam

ace. to Schf.: 'a mere supposition'; but in

a passage in Mil. it seems to denote the

(conceited) habit of constantly proposing

one's own opinion, and so it might also

be understood in Tar.

t'C.·~F QO,j-dU4~

ealle.l ~Ma, in tbe third V1~-ma). ­Io-Qtilt-lH1 having II green blad~. - Qtl;,~

g~nlleu, verduI'C (grllS&, foliage, IilJruM),JA-z.: ...... - Qail-d..ar greenish red; fjn;,­IIr greenish ydlo",.r::.'C,·::;C: fjlL'i - dVli (spelling?), solid, note ..... hollow, IV.~"~,, Qnlt-Qi,. filth, dirt, dud, swttpinlPi= e lM-pa Qolt-Qin "HIli a great denlof foul mU4:1)US upectoration Lt.~.::r Quh .v. flat, ,tam, eYefl; -ljah - Qrib­= lira ixIr· Jay or put it down flM; -Qahro-t~ dtl!/ sit down flnt (on the grouod)!~.~. lji-ba, I. a flea Wi-ba). - 2. heavy,- weighty.~-"r l)/d-pa, heaviness, weight, )'I'r doli

I l)id1lo "'"yum-pa d901 it JOust beweighed up with gold Gir.; (ft dOli l)id1Iltlydm.pa of equAl weight, equnl in weightMM.; ljid-bln, Qid-lddn JlelU'y; ljid-u.lH,\'ery heavy; l)id - mid light, not henvy;I", (fum - bid -I:yc' l)id fxW he ,nt downwith lhe whole ""eight of his body C•. ;Qid-lyU M.pa p~ing down by his(it.s)weiglit.

~"::.j" QbI- pc Ca. to entet, to penetrate,bM-la ooe's miod, _ to be perc~i\'ed,

undentood; ~-QhI a die or colour pene-­traling and remaining lited in cloth ecc.Cf. zht-pa.~~ Qoli. a large valley, principal Of main

valleyi rtgion, distrid, province D:1.;Jjo.t. Jail yul-.ldr countries :lOd provinces;Q<l'" 'lbt-poll. large country; ld-bo-hllt_9Ji Q<l*• •di, gd,j.-tan(""!!Y') l)0Ii. Tibet,frq.; OO9'"90,j. woody country; Imdri-ljoli.a couot!)· of medicinal herbs Zam.; NlM­!Jii Qa-i. l\ ver)' poor country, stl\rvin~

couotry Mil.; Qdlis-la in the valley, in theplain; l)dli'-flli-I'7IMIII counlry-peoille Gi.­{)on. (.'11) "gyM - ba t.o ro\'C nbout, QIlIi.'9yur-!Ja the end of the estintl fast of the

18:1

monks (about the f.lld of Augu&t), ..benthey are permitted to nn'e about the whoLedislrict of their QIOnalItery.

~..:r Ij&t-pa. cou..oU'y of gods, PVadilei... QmI-m a tree from fllllYodiJe, orauy large and bel.utifW tree;~~

a beautiful fof'e6t.~!::. br)jd, Tar. II, 14, but P10te fl'fl. r:i-

- I ;,;id, brightnm, IOMnd................of gods :uld saints, Y. r:i; also~I.u.; brjid-pa to shine, g1islen, «litter G.,brjid. *", br)id shinio.g with brightneML,..~~'::f btji - 00 " makinA: up, • 4:1)mpt'n_""=. station by barter, brji - bo byld - 1MGfr., -hr)i-bo 9Yub-cl" !Y., to gi,e M equalmClIllure in bartcring, e.g. of ~alL for barley.::::j~' 6':)011 (cf. IjM - pa) sound; talki~;

... speech, lnjod lxIi-ba cuphony; Ill:rowell-sounding, Agreeable speech; brjod mifxli-ba the ~ntrafY; also: ·dha;j INi dt!'C. it is not meet now to speak .bout it;brjdd - pa speeeh, utterance; "'HOM - br;6diiynonymy, explanation of VI·ord ; C.. also:'a poetical term'; ",Cod-brjdd prai.5e, elliog},&/r.: in\'ocation of a deity; ~SaItr.{?),and (M-d.. btjdd_pa, Tar. 140,2 lIlOC. to&/If: preface, introduction, in Co: to ap­prof!, NoIICti<m, commend, "'•. (270) inthe title of a book: _ ~~ w.e.

Compo brj«l~ sbst., 7_. a1~ btjOd­pa, ...~ an attribute, p~icate Lu. ­Injocl-mid I. a speech not earnestly lDe-nt.,~mpty words, illerI' lalk. 'I. Mil.: the un­speakable, Ihe tnUisceodeotal, id~oli6ed

by some witb the Nirn.oa, bJ otben nOl._ brjoI.i-oddll Tar. 210, 7: ~_dtHl-t.mft

ace. to &1Ij.: 'a mcre supp<JI>ition'; but ina passage in Mil. it seenl' t.o lIenole the(conceited) habit of coolitantlJ prop<Jfingone'lj own opinion, Rnd ~o it might al~

lie unden;t.ood in TUI'.

It

184

nya

nya, I. the letter ny, double-consonant,

distinctly pronounced like n -\- y (Ssk.

t?f), and used only as initial letter; there-

fore differing in its nature and sound from

the Ss/f. of, though representing it in Sans-

krit words.

II. symb. num. for eight.

III. fish OH^), nya Odzin-pa, W. "nya

zum-ce*, nya Ocor-ba (or bsor-ba) Dzl., nya

len-pa (bldn-ba) Pth. to catch fish; Qddm-

nya Ld., an eel 6s ; rgydl-poi ysol-nya the

king's table fish l*th.

IV. also nyd-cu (cf. cu-ba). 1. tendon,

sinew; W.: *Kdn-pe nya (lid soil* my foot

is asleep. 2. col. mark, left by a blow,

a weal, *nya lam* the blow has left a

weal W.

V. 1. the fifteenth day of a lunar month,the day of the full moon. 2. = fses ni

f. : zld-bai nya drug -la on the sixth dayof the month Mil.

VI. nya Sch. 1. lock (?)-- 2. muscle

Med., nya-bzi the four principal muscles,

viz. those of the arms and the calves of

the leg, v. also the compounds.VII. *nya cdd-ce* W. to arrive sooner

by a short cut; cl also *fad-nyd'f

.

Comp. nya-rhjdl the bladder of a fish

Cs. nya-skyogs gills. nya-Vrd sea-eagle,

white -tailed eagle Sch. nya-tfrdb-can

carp Sch. nya-Krab-cen sturgeon Sch. -

nya-tirom fish-market. nya-gdh I. full

of fish Sch. 2. full moon Cs. nya-grci,

nyai grd-ma small fish-bones. nya- gyur=

nya-log 2 S.g., C. - -nya-rgyd fishing-

net. nya-rgydb G'., earth heaped up (like

the back of a fish) on the top of outer

walls to prevent the entering of the wet.

-nya-rgyds (zld-ba) full moon Pth. -

nya-sgon fish-spawn, roe of fish. --nya-

Icibs fish-gills Cs.; mother of pearl Schr. -

nya- cu tendon, sinew; perh. also a large

nerve in the nape of the neck. nya-ddl

fishing-net; *nya-dol-pa* fisherman W. -

nyd-dos a load of fish Sch. nya-ldir 'a

muscle" Sch. --nyd-pa fisherman Cs. -

nya-pyis (Cs.: fish-gills) mother of pearl

S.g. and col nya-mtd Sch.: a sea-mon-

ster (this word seems not to be generally

known). --nyd-mo a (female?) fish Mil.

-*nya-tsel* bow -net, kiddle W. *nya-

fsdg C. id. nya-fsil the fat of a fish. -

nya-fser fish-bones Sch. nya-fsoh-pa fish-

monger.--

nya- dzin Gs., *nya-kug* W.,

angle, fishing-hook. nya-zdn a fish-eater,

one feeding on fish Gs. - -nya

- rus fish-

bone Gs. nya-log \. Cs.: 'a contraction

or sinking of the sinews'. 2. Sik.: cholera

(Urd. auial^) --3. Med., also nya-lhog, a

name for a disease. nyd-sa I. flesh of

fish 2. W.: meat cut into long narrow

strips and dried in the sun, in C. *sa-bcug*.-

nya-ysog the fin of a fish Gs. nya-

sdg fish-scale. nya-sog prob. the back-

bone with the bones attached to it, re-

sembling a saw.

^CT" nyd-ga, nyag, a steel-yard.

>"^" nyd-bo body, figure Sch.

-._.. nyd-ma (Sch.: 'mistress of the house,

housewife'?) hearer of a Lama, with-

out being a regular disciple Mil. frq.; nyd-

ma po-mo-rnams Mil. (cog. to nydn-pa?).-. nyd-ra care, ryd-ra byed-pa Sch., *nyd-

ra co-ce* W., to take care of, to pro-

vide for a person, to keep a thing well;

*nyar go* C. for nya - ra byed dgos; cf.

ynyer-Ka.

nya-ra-nyo-re weak, feeble, frail,

e.g. of a worm Thgy.

Ajn- nyag 1. v. nyd-ga. 2. v. nydg-ma.- 3. also nydg-ga., nyag-Krdm, notch,

indenture, 16-ma prd-la nydg-ga-can having

18'

~. nyu, I. the letter fly, double-consonuDt,distinctly pronounce() like n + !J (8M:.

~), and used only as ioitinllctter; lhere­fore differing in its nature and sound frolnthe $s/.... 151', though representing it in Sans­krit words.

II. symb. num. for <'ight.III. fish (~), fl,yd od::in-pa, 1V. 'nyu

wm-u·, 'lyU oC6I'-ba (Ol' b8ol'..ba) lkl., nyulhl-pa (hldli-lJa) l'!J•. to ent('h fish; odam­nfja lA., nn eel (. ; 'y/yul'p<Ji f301..'/tyu thekipS's table fish I'tl,.

IV, also nyd-bt (cr. c~-ba). l. tendon,sinew; w:; 'fdli-p§ nyu ,.lid 3OtC- my footis asleep. - 2. col. mark, )ef~ by a blow,s weal, -nyu [ails- the blow has left aweal lV.

V. 1. the fifteenth day of l\ luoar month,the day of the full moon. - 2. = (sa pif.: zld-bai nyu dl'ilg-la on the sulb dnyof the month .Mil.

VI. nyu Sell.. 1. lock (?) - 2. muscle;Vcd., tlya-b::i the four principlll muscles,viz. tho8C of tbe arms and the cahes ofthe leg, v. 11150 the compounds.

VII. "nya i:dd-i:e" lV. to arri,'e soonerb)' a short cut; d. also "(ad-1lya".

Compo 1l!Ja-rlclJdl the bladder of a fishCs. - 1lya-J:Y09s gills. - 1lya.J,fni sea-eagle,white-tailed cagle &h. - nyu-Ahih-cancarp Seh. - 1lllu-ltrab-c&! sturgeon Seh. ­1Iya~A'rdlll fish-market. - 1lya-gail I. fullof fish 8eh. 2. full moon a,. - 1lya-yro,nyai gl'(i-ma small fish-bo~e$. - 1Iya-o!J!Jlir- n1Ja-lOfJ 2 S.y., C. - nya- ryyd fishing­net. - nya-'9yab C., CIlrth heaped up (likethe back of a fish) on the top of outerwalls to prevent the entering of the wet.- nya-rgyds (zld-ba) full moon Pth. ­nya - sgon fish-spawn, roe of fish. - 11l1a­lCim fish-gills Cs.; mother of pearl Sellr. ­1l1Ja - eu tendon, sinew; perh. also a large

nerve in t.be nape of the neck. - nya-dOlfishing-nel; "nya-ddl-pa" fisherman JV.­nyu-ddt n lond of fish &h. - nya-Mir 'afouscle' &h. - lIyd-pa fisherman Cs. ­nya -his (01.: fish-gills) mother of pearlS.y. lind col - nyu-mid Scll.: n sea-mon­ster (t11is word seelDs nol to be p;enerallykoo\\·n). - lIyu-mo a (female¥) fish Mil.- ·nya - fUr' bow-net, kiddie W. "nya­(sag c. id. - nya-(sil the fat of a fish. ­nya-(ul' fish-bones &h. - nya.(slJ,i-]Xl fish·monger. - nya-"d:;in 01., "nya-lcify" lV.,angle, fishing-llOok. - nya·zlill a fish-cater,one feeding on fish (,a. - nya - '~IS fi"h­bone Cs. - 1lya-Mg I. 01.: 'I' controctionor sinking of the sinews'. :!. S;1I.: cholera

(UlVl.~) - 3. Med., also n:Ja,...lMg, R

unrue for a disease. - nyd-Aa I. llesh offisb 2. IV,: meat cnt into long narrowstri(IS and dried in the sun, in (;. *'a,...bCi!g".- nya-pdg the fin of a fish 01, - nyu­sdg fish-scale. - flYa-3Og prob. the back­bone with the bones attached to it, re­sembling u. saw.

'?~, flr nyd-ga, nyug, a steel-pHd.

,?:::f nyd-bo body, figure $ch.

)1'~' nyd-ma (&/1.: 'mistress of the house,housewife'?) hearer of I' Lama, \\ ith­

out being a regular disciple Nil. frq.; nyd.ma jJQ-mo-''1WIIUJ Mil. (cog. to flsdn-p(1))1';::;: nyd-ra care, ryd-rabyed-pa &h., *1Iyd-

1'a Cd-CI' lV., to take care of, to pro­,'ide for a person, to keep a thing well;·'lyar gg" (;. for nyo.,·a bye<l dgos; cf.rnyb·-{'a.,?'~:r~- lIya-ra-nfIQ-ri weak, feeble, frail,

e.g. of a worm Th£Jy.-~. nyU(} I. ". nyd-fJa. - 2. ". nyag_ma.

- a. also '1lYU9-9u, nyug-/irdlll, nolch,indenture, M--ma lwd-Ifl nyUg-9a-i:un haviug

168

nuil ti lid leaves, like those of caraway Wdn.;

nydg-ga med-pa not cleft, not indented.

4. of wool, nydg-tu Otlr> n-jxt to draw out

into threads, to spin Mil.

aqn'OOT nyag-nyig Cs.}Sch. also nyag-nyog

1

filth, dirt

nyag-nyiig Mil. = sna-fsogs (?), of

rare occurrence.

^I^'^'J thread; chain, of gold Mil.,

of iron Mil.; cord for stringing

turkoises Jl/t.; a cable <ScAr.

nyag-mfil scale of a steel-yard,

nyag-rdo weight of a steel-yard.

i'dn & small beam, a pole

Cs.;an arrow

; nyag-pran-mdd ar-

row Mil.

nydg-ma, also nyag-re, single; w/o</

/<% 1. id., skra, or spw nyag(-ma)a single hair, frq.; skrd-yi nydy-ma

id. (a man has 21 000 of them Med.)-

2. a minimum Mil. 3. Sch. also: bache-

lor, old voluntary bachelor. sans-rgyas-

nyag-ycig Thgy., Pth., only Buddha, or

nothing less than Buddha.

f* nydg-mo Lex. w.e.; woman Sch.

'

nydg-sin beam of a steel-yard.

a, nydn-ge Sp. cur-

rant, Ribes.

nydn-ti Pur. thy, your(?).

nydn-pa (nydn-to, nydn-tam), imp.

Ti^ow 1. (also, though seldom, mnydn-

pa) c. dat. or accus. to hear, to give ear

to, to listen (cf. fos-pa) ; slob-dpon-gyi fdd-

du cos nydn-pa to attend to the religious

instruction of the teacher; hag or fsig nydn-

pa Dzl., kd -Ify or resp. zdl -

la, or bka-

nydn-pa to obey, to yield; rias ji-ltar zr-

pai fed -la nydn-na Glr., na zer nydn-naMil. if you listen to my word; Tar. 14,

14; 17, 16 c.c. las. 2. to listen secretly,

to be an eaves-dropper, *pag-nyen )h/-pa*

('., *pag-nydn c6-ce, tdn-ce* W., id.; nydn-mtfan col. nyan (-/?) -po, fern. nyan(-pa)

-mo, B., a hearer, auditor; nyan-fos id.;

but esp. of the personal disciples of Bud-

dha, the Sravakae, AVvr . I. ii1

'. /{urn.

I., 296; nyan-tfa bbu~drug the sixteen

ynaa-brtdn q. v.; nyan -to* -ma a female

hearer;Ka-la nydn-po, nydn-mkan obedient,

kd-la mi nydn-po disobedient. 3. to be

able, later It., and col., gen. with a nega-tive: ^gro ma nydn-pa* not being able to

walk (on account of illness) Mil.' also like

ma btub-pa not being willing; without a

negative: *nydn yin* W. yes, I shall be

able; inst. of run-ba: *za-nydn ydd-na

Kyon* W., bring it me, if it is still eatable.

nyam, also nyam-tig, nyam-yds cricket,

locust Sik.

nyam(s^ resP- %*> (uff8-nydm(s)1. soul, mind, nydms-kyi grogs com-

panions of the soul, viz. the murmuring

springs and rivulets in the solitude of al-

pine regions Mil.; nydms-kyi Zan the soul's

wine, i.e. religious knowledge Mil.; nyams

dgd-ba 1. well being, comfort, cheerfulness,

nyams mi-dgd-ba an unhappy state, dis-

comfort, nyams -dgd glu

- ru blons sing a

song of joy! Mil. 2. gen. adj.: agreeable,

delightful, charming, nyams -dga - bai sa-

ynds a charming country Glr.. 2. thought,

nyams skye or sar a thought rises. 3.

strength, magnitude, height, state, manner,

nyams-(kyi} fmd byed-pa l*th. (also with

bead-pa or len-pa C.) to try, to put to

the test, e.g. one's strength; tugs-ddm-gyi

nyams sad-pa to try the degree of a per-

son's devotion or spiritual progress Mil,;

xti/ra-nydms, byed-nydms manner, -- and

particularly a pleasing, agreeable manner,

of speaking or dealing.

Other phrases are: nydms-su len-pa to

take to heart, to interest one's self in or

for a thing Dzl., to commit to memory,to learn (v. below); nydms-su my6n-ba to

suffer, undergo, experience Dzl.; nyamsnd-ba v. the compounds; nyams bcdd-paC. to try, to examine; nyams Obru-ba C.

to irritate, provoke, vex; nyams mydn-ba= nydms-su mydn-fai: ti>/<in<* />~dtj-pa is

said to be drdn-pa nyt-bar tidy-pa, r.

nyt-ba\ nyams len-pa 1. = nydms-su Mn-

pa, v. above, 2. col. to measure out, to

12*

mu]lifilllcmves, like those of e:tr",wl\Y Wdlt.;nytig-fJa mId-pa not cleft, oot indented. ­4. of wool. n!jl/!I-/u i1rm-pa to draw OUI

into thre"ds, to spin .Mil.

~.~ ll!Jtlg-nyig ("J &h. also n!Jllg-n!J&Jfilth, dirt

o/'T~ tlyag-n!JU9 Mil. - .na'(IQljI (?), of.(, I 11l.re occurrence.

~'£F'f 1IyQ(j-(ay thl'!8d; chain, of gold Mil.,of iron Nil.; cord for stringing

turkoises Mil.; l\ cable &/11'.

~~'ft'...r nyag -tntil seale of a sleel.yard,nyog-rdd weight of u steel-ynrd.

~Q~' By(lg-pran l\ small beam, a pole(il.; an arrow: 71yQg-ilran..,mM llr_

row Nil.~~. "!Jag-rna., nlso 1I!Jag-l"i, single; nJloy

ycig l. id., d:ra, 0'"'1'" nyag(-ma)reig l\ single hnir, frq.; #:rd-yi nydg-nmid. (a Inlln has 21000 of them Med.) ­2. l minimum Mil. - 3. &11. also: bache­Jor, old voluntnry bnchelor. - ~aJi5-rg!las­

llyafJ - rHg Thgy., PIll" only Buddha, ornothing less tbnn Buddha.

fll·;:r- lI!Jug-mo Lu. w.e.; woman &h.

~:?9'.tF: nlJofJ·Uit beam of a steel-yard.

~-'TJ., ~.t1t n,ljtili_l:~, '1Iydii.gt Sp. cur­rant, Rlbes.

~;. nydn-ti Pur. thy, your (?).

~'.q- nyun-pa (n!Jdn.ro, nydn-tam), imll.lIYon L (also, though seldom, fflnydn­

11<1) C. dflt. or ac<:us. to hear, to give earto, to lislen (c!. (Q$-pa); 3lQb.dpoil-gyi (dd­du t"08 lIydn-pa to n.tl.eDd to tbe religiousinstruction of the Wilcher; nag or Mg nyan.pa D::l., ka· la, or resp. ?:dl-la, or bka·nydn'pa to obey, to yield; "lia.l: )i.ltar ::b'"pai I.'d-la nyan.na Gir., na ::er nydn-naMil. if you listen to my word; Tar. H,14; 17,16 c.c. ku. - 2. to IIslen secretly,to be an eaves.dropper, -lla9-nYfft jM.pli&­C., -pafJ-1lydn CQ..Ct, tdtj-l;e- IV., if!.; lIydn­mf"an col. lI!J(in(.pa) -po, fem. 'Iyan (_pil)-mo, fl., Ito hearer, auditor; lIYWI·(tJ. id.;but esp. of the personal di~cirlei f Bull-

0"

1M

dba, the SraYakas. Hop}!. I.. 410; IlWNl.I., 296; lIyan - io. 6lw· rb-ily tile Ji:ltetnrn(~-6r/tin q. v.; nyan - (0.. ,"4 a femalehearer; lla.La n!jlin-,/H). nyd1W1lkm,obedi~t,Ilil-la mi nya".po dilObedient. - 3. to beable, later Il., and col.. gcn. with a ntga­tive: o!Jf'd ma nydn-ptU not being able towalk (on account of iIln(':lls) Jlfil.; abo likerna btuh-pa not being willing; without anegative: -"!Jan yin- IV. yeAJ, I .hall beable; iust. of ron· ba: -z,,·~n ydtl·1tfj'''yo''- W, bring it me, if it is still eatable.~- 7l!Jam, nlso nYflm-ti:1l nyam'lIdt cricket,

locus! SiI.:.~(~)" nyam{.), rcsp. (Itf!', fugt-nytilll(')

1. soul, mind, nyd"u-kyiurofJ' com­pa.nions of the lIOul. vi%. the murmuringsprings and rivulets in the solitude of al·pine regions Mil. j "yam&.!:yi t'an the soul'slI'ine, i.e. religious knowledge Mil.; n.!llllMdgd-ha t. well lJeing, comfort, cheerfuloeM,nyam. mi-dga-ha an uollappy state, dis_comfort, lIY(Jm~ -~ filM - ,." bio'" .ing •song of joy! Mil. 2. gen. adj.: f1gr~able,

delightful, charming, ngd"". dgo - bai Ia­

rnd3 a charmiog country Gir.. - 2. lhough~

nyam. dye or ';ar a thought riSe6. - 3..trtnglh, magnitude, height, state, manner,lIya""-(h,p) f.dd byld·pa l'tA. (also withliNd.pa or lJn·pa C.) to try. to put to

the test, e.g. one's strength; (1'!l.-dd","tJYinyams .dd-pa to try the degree of flo J!t:""sou's devotion or spiritual progretl5 Mil.;.mrCWIyam., b!ltll-"!ldms manner, - aDdparticularly" plcl\8ing, agreeable mlUlocr,- of speaking or dealing.

Other phrases nre: 71ya"...au 1hI-pa Lotnke to heart, to interest one's self in orfor l\ thing D::l., to commit to memory,to learn (v. below); nyal1lll-IU myd,;./x, LO

suffer, underg..... experience D:f.; nya_lid-ba ,.. the compounds; 'IYIlIII. lKcitl.JHIC_ to try. \0 examine; nytIlRI .,briI..ba G:to irnl"te, provoke, vex; nyctflJl mydli.ba_ nyom.·,u 1IIyOli-ba; "yams 6!:dg_pl illSIIid to be _ dr«lI-pa nyi-/xw "ZflV-pa, v.

71yi-ha; "yawlS lhI·jJfl I. - nyu>nS",,1I lht·Pfllf v. e~~l 2. t-OI. to meASure out. LO,,.

186*

nyam(s) ^T nydl-ba

take the measure, the dimensions of, to

survey, sa land, nor the property, to take

an inventory, to ascertain or compute the

state of one's property, 3. C. = the follow-

ing; nyams sad-pa ccg. 1. to try, to test,

byed-dam mi byed whether he will do it

or not Mil., to tempt, fugs-ddm-gyi nyams

sad-pa v. above. 2. to mock, scoff, trouble

maliciously, provoke, irritate C.

Comp. nyams - dgu v. nyams- fobs. -

nyams-rgyud Mil. = nyams, nyams-rgyud-la sbydns -pa, intellectually skilled, well

versed. - -nyams - nd anxiety, fear, dread,

of a thing, with the dat. or instr. Mil.;

nyams-nd-las fdr-ba to be delivered from

anxiety S.g. ; nyams-nd-ba vb. to be alarm-

ed, to be in great anxiety Sch.', adj. dread-

ful, horrible, nags-fsdl nyams-na-ba a hor-

rible forest Dzl. nyams-bcdg is said to

be used resp. or euphem. ior skyon, e.g.

for damage done to an image of a god bywater C.

; nyams-cdgs sin Schr.; in Thgr.

it seems to be used in this sense. nydms-cun i. faint, weak, languid, exhausted, by

hunger, illness etc. Dzl.; poor in learning,

destitute of knowledge, ignorant W. ; des-

titute of money, destitute of virtue C. '2. Wcol. for snyems-cun. nyams-rtogs resp.

knowledge, cognition, perception, nyams-rtogs

sig yod, nyams-rtogs bzdn-po skye or Jtruns,

a perception, a good thought arises (in mymind); in a general sense: nyams-rtogs-kyi

mfar pyin-pa to obtain perfect knowledge

Mil., frq.--

nyams -stdbs strength, zin is

gone Med. nyams-ston-ysdl v. ysdl-po.

nyams-brtds byed-pa strengthening, resto-

rative, nourishing Med., (but nyams - brtas

he recovered, grew well, got up again Dzl.}-nyams- tag -pa suffering, tormented, ex-

hausted Dzl. ; nyams-fdg-pai skad or sgra

lamentation, doleful cries. nyams-fdbs,

nyams-dgu Sch. : 'appearance, colour, figure,

state' (?). nyams-myon Tar. enjoyment,

delight, nyams-myon ma skyes run, although

I had no real enjoyment of it Mil.nt.; fsor-

bai nyams-myon prob. perception by the

senses, knowledge acquired through the

medium of the senses Mil. nyams-rtsdl

Dzl. 9VL-, 7 skill. nyams -mfsdr-ba C.

wonderful, most beautiful. --nyams-Un a

memorial verse, a rhyme or verse serving

to retain things in memory Mil.

nydms-pa injured, hurt, e.g., by a

fall Dzl. ; of lifeless things : spoil-

ed, damaged C.; impaired, imperfect, stobs-

nyams, dbdn-po nydms-pa, ydn-lag nyamsLex. (as explanation of zd-bo) ; smra-nydms

(the sick person) speaks little Med.', *sem-

nydm son-Kan* W. discouraged, disheart-

ened; esp. relative to a violation of duty,

failing in, tsul-Krims (or fsul-las) nydms-

pas because he has failed in, acted against

the moral law Dzl.; bzod-pa nyams -par

^yur-bas because their patience failed Dzl.;

also stained Glr., z.g.Krdg-gis with blood;

nydms-par byed-pa Wdn.; nydms-su jug-

pa Glr. to spoil, deteriorate, destroy; ma

nydms-pa entire, complete, untouched, un-

corrupted.

ax- nyar 1. v. nya-i'a. 2. Cs., also nyar-

nydr, oblong..

nydr-ydon W. inst. of nar-ydoh,

shin, shin-bone.

nyal-nytt-, or nyal-nyol filth, dirt,

foul matter, loose and dry dirt

that may be removed by sweeping Pth.,

Dzl.

nydl-ba, imp. nyol, 1. to lie down,

e.g. before a tigress Dzl. ; to lie

down, to sleep, nyal{-du} son (he) went to

bed Glr.; rgya-srdn-la nyal Odug-go (he)

slept in the street Glr.;mi nyal tsdm - la

when people go to bed, at curfew Mil.;

rta nyal byed-pa to make a horse lie down

Glr. ; rarely of things : rtsva nyal the grass

is laid-down (by the wind or rain) Dzl.;

ra ^og nydl-bai nya so Zam. calls the let-

ter rnya ; fig. to rest, bde-bar nydl-du med-

do (he) had no rest, viz. from envy Dzl.

?$G, 12. 2. with dan or la, to lie with

(a woman) Dzl. and elsewh. 3. fig. to

dwell, to live Mil.

Comp. nyal-Kri couch, bed, sofa C. -

nyal-gos counterpane, quilt, blanket Sch. -

nydl-po coition, nydl-po byed-pa to practise

cohabitation, mdn-du immoderately Med.

186~(~)" nyam(s)

take the measure, -the dimensions of, tosurvey, sa land, 1IQI' the propeny, to takean inventory, to asc6rtnin or compute thestate of one's property, 3. C. - !.be follow­ing; '1lyumJ sdd-pa ccg. 1. to try, to test,byid-dam mi byed whether he will do itor Dot Mil., to tempt, furp-ddm-gyi 1'IfPl1Il$

nid-pa v. aho\"c. 2. to mock, scolT, troublemaliciously, provoke, irritate C.

Compo 7lya7M-dgU v. 1l!lU'TM-fdbt. ­fl!Jallls-rgyild Mil. - flya1lls. llyam&-1"[I!jUd­la w!ldns - po., intellectually skilled, wellversed. - "y(l.1I1& - rid anxiety, fear, dread,of a thing, with the dat. or instr. Mil.;nyu1tUHid-lcu tdr-ba to be delivered fromanxiety S.!!.; lIyams--ild-ba vb. to be alarm­ed, to be in great anxiet)· Sen..; adj. dread­ful, horrible, naf/s-(sdlllsamt-lia-oo a ho....rible forest DzL - flyams-bMg is said tobe used resp. or euphem. tor d'!J01l, e.g.Ior damage done to an image of a god bywater C.; nyartl3-ldfP sin Schr.; in Tllgr.it seems to be used in this sense. - nydms­i!Un I. faint, weak, languid, exhausled, byhunger, illness etc. Dd.; poor in learning,destitute of knowledge, iguortlllt lY. ; des­titute of money, destitute of virtue C. ':!. w:col. for S1lYf1llS-lU,i. - lIyartl3-rtdgs resp.knowledge, cognition, perception, flyams.'"iQgsAi9 yod, fl1/amHtdgs hzdn.po i!eye or ol.'t'Uiu,n. perception, n good thought arises (in mymind); in a general sense: nyarm.rtd9s.k!limfar pym-pa to obtain perfect knowledge.Mi/., frq. - ny«7lls-stdbs strength, zin isgone Med. - nyams-swn-)"dl v. }'sdl-po.-lIyanl'-brtds bytd-pa strf!nglhening, resto·ralive, nourishing Med., (but lIyams - brtashe recovered, grew well, got up again DzL)- nyams-td9-pa suffering, lormenled, ex­hausted DzL; flyams-fdg-pai skad or sfJ1'alamentation, doleful cries. - nyatrn-(dbs,lIyatrn-dfJit &h.; 'appearance, colour, figure,state' (?). - nyaJlU-mydil Tar. enjoyment,delight, nyams-myon mOo "1/el ru/i, althoughI had no real enjoyment of it MiLlIt.; t86r­hai lIya7ll'-myoli prob. perception by thesenses, knowledge acquired th1tlugh themedium of the senses Mil' l nyanu-J·t1dl

~'.q' nydl-ba

Dz/. 7'r~i.., 7 skill. - lI!JUms~m(ldr-ba C.wonderful, most beautiful. - nyatrn-/m amemorial verse, n. rhyme or verse seIl'ingto retain tbings in memory Mil.~~r'r lIydms-pa injured, hurt, e.g., by a

fall DzL; of lifeless things: spoil.ed, damaged G:; impaired, imperfect, stcb3­nyarm, dbd/i-po llyams-pa, ydn-kw llyalll.sLu. (as explanation of M-bo); s1IIra-llya17l3(the sick person) speaks little !lied.; -sem­nyant s,r,i-,(fan- W. discouraged, disheart­ened; esp. relative to a. yiolation of duty,failing ill, wil-lirirm (or ($Ill-las) nyd17l3­pas because he has failed in, tteted againstthe moral law DzL; b::&1- pa ll!lffms-pal"<:!Iyur-bas because their patience failed D:l.;also stained Glr., e.g. t'rdfH/is with blood;nydms-par bJId·pa Wd'i.; lIydms-su J'ig­pa Gir. to spoil, deteriorate, de~tron mOon!Jums-pa entire, complete, untouched, un­corrupted.~ nyar 1. v. n1/fM·a. - 2. G., also nyar­

llydr, oblong.~rn~- nydr-}'ddn W inst. of liar-fdd/i,

.....n.. shin, shin-bone.'7':-I"'o/'-r ll}Jal-nyi~ or lIyal-nydl filth, dirt,

foul matter, loose ilDd dry dirtthat may be removed by sweeping 1'11,.,Dzl.~.~. nydl.ba, imp. nyol, I. to lie down,I e.g. before a tigress Dz/.; to liedown, to sleep, ll}Jal(-du) son (he) went tobed Gtr.; rgya-8rdli_la llyal odUy-90 (he)slept in the street Gll'.; mi nyal t3ant-lawhen people go to bed, at curfe ...... Mil.;rta llyal byki-P/t to make a. horse lie downGir.; rarely of things: rtsea flyal the grassis laid-down (by the wind or rein) DzL;rOo ~0fJ llydl-bai nya so YAJ1'/I. calls the let­ter mya; fig. to rest, bdUxu' llydl-du 111M­do (he) had no rest, ,riz. from envy D::l.~, 1'J. - 2. with dan or la, to lie with(1\ woman) Dzl. and elsewh. - 3. fig. todwell, 10 live Mil.

Compo ilyal-Rri couch, bed, lofa C. ­nyal-90s counterpane, quilt, blankel Sch.­nydl-po coition, flydl-po byid-pa to practisecohabitation, mali-du immoderatelyMea.-

187

nyid

)/<il-bu bastard, whoreson Ma. nydl-sa

sleeping-place.

jjN nyi 1. num. fig.: 38. 2. num. inst.

of ynyis in compounds, nyi-brg-yd, -stdn,

-/,// etc., nyi-Kri also title of a book, the

Prajnti Paramita, containing 28 000 Sloka.

- 3. for nyi-ma.'

nyi-Kud a lake in Nepal l*th.

nyi~ma (Ba>l' *nyo-ma*, 1. the sun,

Ocar becomes visible, rises; sar id.,

also: has risen, shines; nub, rgas, W. also

*skyod, bud*, sets, is setting; nyi-ma nub

fse bar (for fsei bdr-du) until sun-set Sch.;

nyi-mai ynyen akin to the sun, the Sakyarace 6s.

;*da nyi-ma rin-mo* W. now the

sun stands already high in the heavens;

*nyi-ma-gan-sdr* sun- flower, Helianthus.

- 2. day,= nyin-mo, opp. to night, frq.;

*nyi-ma-fsc* W. the whole day, all day

long ; *nyi-ma-ped* W. noon, mid-day ; nyi-

ma ycig one day, once Dzl. : nyi-ma^e-rer

daily.

Comp. nyi-dkyil disk of the sun Sch. -

nyi -gun, nyi-mai gun noon, mid -day;

meridian (?) Cs. nyi-dgd seems to be

the n. of a medicinal herb Med. - -nyi-

rgds sun-set. nyi-ldog the solstice, dgun-

nyi-ldog winter solstice, dbydr-nyi

-Idog

summer solstice Wdk. nyi-nub = nyi-

rgds. nyi-fsd I. Sch.: the time or duration

of one day. 2. Lex.: =Tfi*J$ direction,

place, country(P); nyi- fse spy6d-pa Lex.'.

a kind of ascetic; nyi- fse -ba Sch.: ephe-

meral; single, simple; Thgy.: n. of a class

of infernal beings.- -

nyi- tsdd sun -

dial,

nyi-fs6d-kyi Kor-lo the circle of a sun-

dial Cs. nyi- dzin eclipse of the sun fcf.

sgra-ycdn).--

nyi-zer sun -beam, nyi-zfrrtd-la zon-nas riding on a sun-beam Mil.

and elsewh.; nyi-zr-gyi rdul a mote

floating in a sun-beam. nyi-zld sun and

moon; also the figures of sun and moon

connected, crowning the top of the mcod-

rfi'n; nyi-zld bsdad mi on sun and moonwill not stand still Mil. nyi-^g below

the sun; the earth Was. (49); nyi-^dg-gi

rgifal-Kams Glr. id.; it seems, however, to

denote a certain country, ace. to MahBvyuUpatti the same as Aparantaka, William*:

the western country ; cf. Schf. on Tar. ?$.

nyi-^od sun-shine. nyi-ydl any screen

or shelter from the sun's rays: awning,

curtain, parasol, pent-house Sch. ; *nyi-rtb*

(prop, sgriV) W. id., umbrella. --nyi-ldr

sun-rise 6*. nyi-lhag Sch. a cold day (?)

Cf. nyin-mo.

nyl-su (inst. of nyis-cu), often in con-

junction with (dm -pa, twenty, nyi-

su-rtsa-ycig B., ., *nyi-bu-nyer-yci<f W.,

nyer-ybig, twentyone.

nyiff-nyig w- loose, slack, lax, not

tight or tense.

or-m* nyin-Ku, Ssk. ifjff Cs. : 'heart, spirit,

l^ essence', cf. snyin-po.

<s>_.p?' nyin-to Sch. : sure, trustworthy, Lex. :

'

nyin-tor=

net-par.

nyin-lag, a category not familiar

to us; gen. mentioned together

with ydn-lag; it might be translated by:

members of a second order, parts of the

ydn-lag ;the exact meaning must however

remain undetermined, as the Tibetans

themselves are not able to give a clear

definition of it. In C. : inner parts of the

body, opp. to outer. In books, phrases

like the following are to be found: ydn-

lag dan nyin-lag tarns -i-dd dan Iddn-pa;

ydn-lag dan nyin-lag nd-ba; ydn-lag dan

nyin-lag ycod-pa\ evidently the nyin-lag

are smaller, but more numerous than the

ydn-lag. In Pth. also nyih-spriil is found

besides yan-sprul, emanation of the third

order; v. sprul-pa.

nyin^mfydms *t>yfr-i>a to

be re-born Stg.

nyid 1. self, same, opp. to other persons,

ma nyid the mother herself Dzl.', mi

de ni rgydl-po nyid yin-no this man are

you yourself, o king! Dzl; the very, just

he, just it etc., las bytd-paiynas nyid-lajust

where I am working Dzl.\ del dmn-nyid-na (or du) close by, to, or before, hard

by, Thgy. ; dtts de -nyid

- du at the very

moment, frq.; mc6d-bya nyid that which is

venerable par excellence Tar. 15, 13; yfa-

'lytil..IJtt I'llstnrd, whoreson "'a. - lIytil.,asleeping-plnce.

~ 71yi I. num. fig.: 38. - 2. num. inst.of rnyi. in compounds, fI!Ji·b"!!yd, ·.to,i.

-A'ri ele., n.lJi./Eri also title of a hook, thePrajllh P1lI11.IlIitii, oontn.io;ng 28 000 Sloku..- 3. for ny(..nla.

~'e"l 7lyi.iM a la.ke in Nepnl Pth.

~a:.l' llyi-mll (Bal. ·nyd-ma·, I. the sun,i/lr beromcs visible, rises; ;ar id.,

nlso: hIlS r;scn, shines; nub, Ygcu, w: also·d:yod, bud', get.s, is setting; nyi-ma nub(u bar (for (,ei bdr-du) until sun-set Sen.;nyi""1luri rnYtTI nkin to the SUll, the Silky"mce L&.j ·da lI!Jl.ma rin..mo· lV. now thesun stands nlrcn.dy high in the heavens;·nyi-ma-gan-Jd," sun- flower, llelinnthus.- 2. day, - ny(n-mo, opp. to night, frq.;·nyi-ma-(&!' lV. the whole dAy, nil daylong; ·nyi-ma-jJM'" W noon, mid-day j nyi­lIIa'ltifJ one dn.y, once Dd.: nyi-ma--rt-1'erdaily.

Compo lIyi-dl.-yil disk of the sun &11. ­nyi-gf.,;, nyi_mai gWl noon, mid.day;meridian(?) Ct. - nyi. cWd seems to bethe n. of n medicinal herb Ned. - nyi­"yd, sun-set. - nyi-ldOg the solstice, do(m­nyi-ldog winter solstice, dbydr ~ nyi-ldogsummcr solstice lVd.l - nyi-1llib _ nyi­rgo... - nyi-6i j. Sell.: the time or durationof one dny. 2. l.a.: - ~1l direction,plncc, country(?); nyi-{$i .pydd-pa La:.:a kind of I\Scetic; nyi-{si-w &11.: ephe~

meral; single, simple; Thf/Y.: n. of a cll\SSof infernnl beings. - nyi - wkJ sun· dial,nyi - (.dd _lyi k6r-lo the circle of a sun­dinl u. - nyi-odzin eclipse of the sun (c£.5fJM·rtdn). - 1Iyi-Zh' sun.beam, 'IJji.:!rrM-Ia MII.,las riding on a sun-lieI'm .~[jl.

and elsewb.; nyi - zb' - gyi rdul a motellOAting in a sun-beam. - ,lyidd sun andmoon; also the figures of sun nnd moonconnect.cd. crownin" the top of the 1'I'Ilod·ribl; n!J1··:ld btdad mi OIi sun and moonwill not stand still Mil. - nyi·4 0g belowthe sun; tbe earth lVas. (.HI)· 7Iyt·-4Oy·girrJ.r!fll./.!am. Glr. id.; it seems,Ch.ow<'fer, to

187

dcnote a oemin country, ace. t.o Mahivyut.­patti the same M Aparlntaka, WilliolPU:tbe western country; c.f. &Jif. on Tnr. n.- nyi-4od sun-shine. - nyi-tj& any 5CfftIl

or shelter from the sun's ray.: awning,curtain, parasol, l)Cnt.-bousc &11.; ·nyi-rib·(prop. IfIrib) lV: id., umbrella. - lIyi-«irsun-rise u. - nyi-l~ &A. a cold day (?)- Cf. nyin-mo.

~.Jl ~!Ii-A~ (ins~ of nyU.cu), often in con.-..... JunCtlOn With (am - pa, twenty, n!fl·

iu-rt5a·rHg 11., C., ·nyi-iu.-nyno-rHo· lV"nyer-rag, twentyone.

~~r n,yig-nyig lV. loose, slack, lax, nottlgbt or tense.

~'fl' nyiri-iv, &k. 1nZ u.: 'heart, spirit,..... essence', cr. myiiJ-pb.

~.? n.va:~.to &h.: sure, trU1tworthy, La.:nYIrl.tor = net-par.

~,:r.!:fr nyiri-lag, a category not familinr""l to us; geD. mentioned together

with ydn-lag; it might be translated by:members of n. sec.ond order, parts of the!Ian-lag; the e:lncl meaning must howe"crremnin undetermined, os tbe TibetRnsthemseh'es ore not oble to gh'e a cleardefinition of h. In G:: inner parts of thebody, opp. to outer. In books, phraseslike the following are to be found: ydll­lag dali nyi,i_Iag (am&-ttid dati ldtin.pa;ydn-lag da.1i nyiJl-lag nd-bo; ydn-/a{I dalinyin-lag ridd-pa; evidently the "yin-lagare smnller, but more numerous than theydll-lag. In PtA. also 7Iyill.,pn:.l is foundbesides yan·'JWtil, emanntioD of the thirdorder; v. 8Pf'/:.l-pa·~'~~~~J:,,'.:::r "yill-m6dm.. wydr-ba to

tJ be re-born S'g.~. 'Iyid 1. self, same, opp. t.o other persons,

ma nyid the mother herself D~l.; ".ide ni 1'fJ'Jdl-p6 nyid yin.no this mlUl IlTeyou yourself, 0 king! D~L; die \·ef)., justhe, just it ete_, It.U 6yld-p<JiI'mi" ,.yid.la justwhere I .m working D:l.; dei ,lJ'W,f-"yit.l­na (or du) close by, to, or before, hardby, TIl{/Y.; dIll de· n!JM - du Ilt the Yer)'moment, frq.; llIldd-b!la tlyitl tllAI which is,·cMll:lble.ptlr excellence Tar. Hi, 13; yO"-

*"nyu-ti

tan nyid Tar. 15, 14 id.; de-nas mi rin-

ba-nyid-na a very short time after Tar.;

when added to adjectives it denotes ab-

stract nouns, as in English the terminations :

-ness, -ship, -ty, -cy, -y etc., but it is

chiefly limited to the language of philo-

sophical writings, from which a few ex-

pressions only (such a.s ston-pa-nyid the

emptiness, the Buddhist vacuum) have

found their way into col. language.2. In the more recent literature it is used

resp. for Kyod, thou, you; nyid-kyi thy, your

Pth., Ma.] nyid -ran you (col. *nyi-rdn,

nyo-rdn*} W., 6., res.p., like the German'Sie' ; nyid-cag(-rari) you? addressed to one

person or to several, C. (in Glr. Kyed-cagseems to be used in. the same way).

-

3. Only, grans-kyi Ina nyid Zam. only the

numeral Ina; za nyid-do the letter za alone

(without a prefix).

nyin(-mo} I.fay,=nyi-ma2;nyin-

gyi fin -la during the day-time

Pth.; nyin-mor ^gyur it dawns 6s.; nyin-

mor byed 'making day', an epithet of the

sun 6s. ; nyin adv. in the day-time Glr. ;

nyin-cig one day, once Dzl. ; nyin cig bzin-'

du daily Dzl.', nyin-par during the day-time Dzl. ; by day-light Dzl. ; del nyin-paron that day, frq. Dzl.; pyir nyin, pyi de

nyin }del pyi nyin the following day, on

the f.d. Dzl.; fses bco-lndi nyin the 15th.,

on the 15th. Glr.; fig.: bstdn-pa nyin-par

mdzdd-pai skyes-bu a saint that restores

the doctrine, a reformer of faith; hence

Schr. : ddd-pai nyin-byed evangelist, apostle.- 2. propitious day; *na ca nyin-mo mi

Odug* W. this day is not propitious for

me to go.

Comp. nyin-dkdr a white, a lucky day

Sch. --nyin-gdn, nyin-fog-t'dg (W.

*fag-

fog*} all the day long. nyin-gun noon.

nyin-gla daily pay, a day's hire 6s.

*nyin-fse-re* W. all the day long, the live-

long day.- -

nyin- mfsdn 1 . a day and a

night, nyin-mfsdn bco-brgydd Mil. for nine

days and nine nights. 2. day and night

DzL, nyin-mfsan-med-par id., frq.; nyin-

med-fsdn-med W. id.; nyin-mfsdn-du id.

Mil.; nyin-mfsdn mnydm-pa equinox.-

nyin-zdg(-fcig} \. a day with the night,

24 hours, divided into 1 2 portions of time,

called K'yim (q. v.) : nam -pyed midnight,

nam-pyed-yol 2 o'clock a. in., fo-rdns 4 o'cl.

a.m. (in popular language also: *jd-po

ddn-po* about 2 o'cl., *nyis-pa* 3 o'cl.,

*sum-pa* 4 o'cl., nam-ldns 6 o'cl. a. m. (i.e.

the time when the sun first illumines the

mountain tops; it is from this moment,and not from midnight, that in daily life

the date is counted); nyi-sdr 8 o'cl. a.m.

(when the sun rises upon the valley); dros-

ojdm (col. *nyi-dul*} 10 o'cl. a.m.; nyin-

gun, nyi-pyed 12 o'cl., noon; pyed-col (W.*zd-ra pi-mo*} 2 o'cl. p.m., myur-smdd4 o'cl. p. m., nyi-rgds 6 o'cl. p. m., srod-

Jcdr 8 o'cl. p. m. (col. *sa-ritb, srod-rub*},

srod-col 10 o'cl. p. m. (col. *tin-nyi'*}'-

thus ace. to Wdk. By adding the names

of the 12 years' cycle (nam-pyed byi-ba,

pyed-col glan etc., v. the word Zo), these

terms have been rendered still more con-

venient for astrological calculations. Of

course, all the terms given are strictly

correct only at the time of the equinoxes,

and deviate at the summer and winter

solstices for more than an hour from the

time indicated by our clocks. 2. nyin-zdgas symb. num.: 15. nyin-bzin-gyis Pih.,

nyin-re bzin Glr., daily adv., \v\th-gyi adj.-nyin-ldm a day's journey Glr.

,rkan-

fdn-gi, rtd-pai, lug-pai nyin -lam a pe-

destrian's, a horseman's, a sheep-driver's

daily march. nyin-rdrts Tar. ( to-rdns)

day-break, morning twilight Schf.

nyib-pyogs, W. *nyib-cog(s}* the

sunny side of mountains.

nyil-ba to decay, to crumble to pieces,

of rocks, mountains etc.; rarely to

run down, of tears, to flow down, of locks

of hair.

AVT- nyis 1. instrum. oinyi. 2. in com-

pounds for ynis.

?>" nyu num. fig. : 68.

Ns

$*^ nyu-ti pear Ld.

188

tcm nyid Tar. 15, l4 id.; dJ-na.s mi n"i­b«-nyid-1la a very shori time after Tar.;when added to adjecth'es it denotes ab­strllCt nouns, as in English the tenuinations;-ness, -ship, -ty, -cy, -y etc., bu~ it ischiefly limited to the language of philo­sQphical writings, from which a few ex­pressions only (\luch ~ lJt()il-pa-tlyid theemptiness, the Buddhist vacuum) havefound their way in,to coL language. ­2. In the more recent literature it is usedresp. for cYJOd, thou, you. nyfd-kyi thy, YOUfPth., Ma.; tl!fl'd - reiJi you (col. "nyi - rali,tly<'-rIM*) W., C., reiilp., like the GermllDlSi£'; llyld-cag(-rait) lOU, addressed to oneperson OJ: to severnl, C. (in, Gir. J.'yrd-cagseems to be used in, the SlUne way). ­3. only, gran&-l:!Ii hit;. nyi4. Zam. only thenumerallliaj za 1}yid-dtJ the letter za alone(without a prefix).~(~) nyin(--rrw) l,day,>=ll!Ji-ma 2; nyfn-

9!Ji riit-la during the day-timePt/hj ny(n-mor <3/JUr it dawns Cs.j nyin­mor byed 'making day', an epithet of thesun c..; nyiti ndv. in the day-time Glr.;nyln-l:ig ou~ day, once Dzl.; nyin Cig bZfn­

'du daily Dzl.; nyif!--par during the day­time Dzl.; by day-light D::l.; de; nyi~aron that day, f!XI. D::l.; ftyir n!Jin, ftyi de"!in, dii pyi nyin the followiJ1.g day, onthe f.d. D::l..; !sea baJ-lridi nyin the 15th.,on the 15th. Glr.; fig.: b6ld~a nyin-parmdztid-pai skyis-bu a saint that restoresthe d"etrine, a r~fon:ner of faith; hence&llr.; dad-par'nyln-byed eVDngelist, apostle.- 2. prtlpitiOLlS day; *1ia c~ t'lyi,~-mo 'IIliodurt lY. this day is not propitious forme to go.

Compo nyin-dJ.:ar a white, n lucky day&11. - nyin-gait, nyin-fog-fag (lY. *fag­(0[1*) all the dny IQ.Qg. - nyin-g/./li noon.- nyfn-gla daily pay, a day's hire c.. ­*nyin-(u-rl' W: all the day long, the live­long day. - nyin-mftdn l. a day and anight, nyin-'lnfBdnb~d Mil. for ninedays and nine nights. 2. day and. nightDt/., nyin-m(wn-'1'!Wd-par id., frq.; nyin­mid-ffdn:mtd IV. id.; nyin-mfBdn.du id.

.Mil.; 1Iyill-m18an tIlnyam-pa eqllillOX.nyin-zcig(-rCig) l. a day with the night,24 hours, divided into 12 IlOrtiOUS of time,called fyim (q. v.): nam-pyed midnight.,nam1;!Jcd-lJdl2 o'clock l\., m., fo-rdm 4 o'd.a. m. (in popular language also: +jd - podd,i - po. about 2 o'd., ·n!Jls - pa. 30'cl.,*irUm-pa· 4 o'e!., nam-l<hi8 6 o'e\. a. m. (i.e.the time when the sun first illumines tbemountain tops; it is from this moment,

, and not from midnigbt, tbat iu daily lifethe date is counted); nyi-jar 8 o'e!. a. m.(when the sun rises upon the valley); dl'03­

Jam (co!. *nyi-(/ur) 10 o'el. a. m.; nyin­gUil, nIfrpJid 12 o'eL, noon; Wd-l& (W.-za_ra id.mot ) 2 o'el. p. m., m/JUr -~mad4 o'c!' p. m., nyi - "gth 6 o'cl. p. m., 8rod­JMr 8 o'el. p., m. (col. *B~rUb, vod-riW-),8/'00- col 10 o'e!' p. m. (col. ·tiit.-nyt1·­thus ace. to Wdk. By addin~ the namesof the 12 years' cycle (nam-illJid byi.ba,pyed·cdl glari etc., v. the word 10), theseterms have been rendercd still more con­venient for astrologleal calculations. Ofcourse, all the terms gi,'cn e.re strictJycorrect only at tbe time of the equiuozes,and deviate at the sumOler nnd wintersolstices for more tban an bour from thetime indicated. by our clocks.. 2. nlJin-Zdgas symh. num.: IS. - nyt·it.-bzln~ Ptk,nyi1M'A bUn Glr., dailyad\-., witb.g!Ji ooj.- nyin-ldm a day's journey Glr., rlrali­(ari -gi, rtd-pai, lU9 -pai n1Jl'n - 16m a pe­destrian's, II horseman's, a sheep·driver'sdaily mart'h. - n!fin-roJis Tar. (= fo_r«i.8)day-brenk, morning twil,ight &lif.

~·s-"I'!r nyih-jlyOg', W. 'nyih-""'(.)' tbesunny Side of mountams.

~.::r ny(['.ba todeeay, roerumble to pieces,of rocks, mouutains etc.; rarely to

run doWll, of teurs, to flolV down, of locksof hair.~ nyu 1. instrum. of nyi. - 2. in com-

pounds for rnis.

1;' nyu num. fig.: 68.~

,., nyU.ti pear fA.~

nyug-pa

" 1. to besmear, s/w t> |IT-

fume; to rub gently, to stroke, to

4

caress X<-//., \\\ tins sense perh. GyutchV?,14. -- 2. to touch, = rey-pa ccd. W.; C

1

.?

- 3. to search after (feeling, groping) < s.

- 4. to put out. stretch out, cu-nas mgoone's head out of the water, to look or

peep out, resp. dbu nyug mdzdd-pa Glr.;

itt/u</-nyug-pa Tar. 80, 21 to stand out, to

project (Sch. : to run to and fro?).

nyity~ rtsa me- tog Carthusian

pink C.

im-rim, nyun-rum a

eunuch DzL

nyun-ba 1. adj. col. *nyuh-nu*, little;

*nyun-nu big*, Ld. col. *nyun-na-

rig*, nyitti-zad cig id. Z)0Z.; nyun-Ms Wdn.,

a little, a few, some; nyun-bar byed-pa to

make less 6's. -- 2. vb. to be little.

-_._..nyuii-ma turnip, la(-pug dan") nyu/i

4 (-ma) radishes and turnips (r/r. -

nyun-Ku, nyun-loi )a turnip-soup, turnip-

tea, an infusion of dried turnip leaves,

much used, e.g. in Bhotan, and considered

very nourishing(P). *nyun-do*C. }mentioned

by Wts. p. 137. as 'navets ronds', large

sweet, red turnips (perh. turnip- rooted

cabbage?).--

nyun-yzi seed-turnips (Cs.

turnip-seed). nyun-lo a turnip leaf.

Note. In writing and speaking this word

is often confounded with yun(s) mustard,

so that e.g. yun-ma is said for turnip inst.

of nyun-ma, nyuns-dkdr for white mustard,

inst. of yum-dkdr.

nyun-rum v nyug-i*um.

nyul-ba to wander or rove about, to

pass privily or steal through, e.g.

towns, countries, mountains Mil., burying-

places, tombs (as jackals) Mil.', (Ita) nyul-

pa, nyul-mi Pth., sa-nyvl a spy Cs. (Also

ynyi'd-ba, myul-ba.}

nye num. fig. : 98.

^ F ny6-ti a pear Schr. (cf. nyit-ti, nyd-ti).

nye-ba I. vb., to be near, to approach,

iilways with the supine of a verb,

l9

dus bytd-du nt/r -/-,/> ulien he was near

dying l)zl.\ zl<i-l><i f*<ti',-<lti /a/, -/HIM (whenshe was) near the coaiplt-tinn of the months,i e. the time of giving iiirth to a child

DzL, frq.; tldb-dpon ////'/ /iii-iln nyf-bawhen the time of the teacher's return drew

near DzL;zin-du mi nyd-ste being not near

having done DzL; even used as follows:

ynas der sleb-tu nye-bai Ue when he came

near the place Mil.

II. adj., col. "nye-mo* near, both as to

space and time, lam-rih-yi ynyen-pus fcyhn-

mfses nye the neighbour is nearer than

a kinsman living far off; kd-ba dan nye-

bai sar at a place near the pillar Glr. ;

fay-nye-ba id.: ri tag- nye-ba %ig a near

or neighbouring hill Ma.; standing near,

fig. being closely connected with by con-

sanguinity: nye- ba - mams 6'. relations,

kindred (DzL ?V&',13 ynyen-pas prob. is

preferable to mo nye-bas) ;allied by simi-

larity : mfsdms-med-pa liia dan de dan nyt-

bai sdig-pa the five worst sins, and those

coming nearest to them; near by friend-

ship and affection: *nyJ-mo yin* W. he

is closely connected with us, he is desirous

to enter into an intimate connection with

us; bio, or snyin, or sems nye-ba (or *nye-

wzo*), friendly, kind, amicable, bio nyt-ba

Itar byed-pa to affect a friendly manner

Glr.; *nye- mo )/u>'

-pa* C. to love, e.g.

parents loving their children or vice vor>;\ :

ny-bai sras brgyad Glr. the eight intimate

disciples (of Buddha, not historical, but

mythical persons, Mandshusri etc.).

III. adv. nyt-bar or nyer 1. near, dun

to, de-dag dan nyi'-bar lltd-Kait /c<vw near

to them he built a temple Tar. ; /<//.-/><//

^6ii-ba, stib-pa, to come near, to approach;

nyt-bar ^gyiir-ba id,stons-su nyt-bar gffyi'i''

ba dan when it was nearly empty Wtjddr-la nyt-bar gyitr-to it began to spread,

to extend itself /V/M ni/>:

-/'<// ynds-pa to

be near, to stand near, e.g. of a star Wdn.

- 2. nye-bar byed-pa, with la, to adhere to.

to keep (one's promise) l*th. 3. nye-bar

bzdg-pa to make use of. to employ, dnin-

pa nye-bat' bzd<j-p (?q^TT. H*rn. I.,

~.:.l' tlyNg-'}X1 1. to besmear, ,~to pe.......... fume; to rub gently, to stroke, tocams ScI•., in tlli~ sense peril. 0vaten VJ,14. - 2. 10 IOIlCh, - rlfl"pa Cllt!. w.; C. V- 3. to search after (feeling, gl"0lling) 0.- 4. to put out. streich out, et< -1/11& m[lO

one's llClld out of the wilIer, W look orpetp Oll~ fesp. dim ?lyu9 ml/::dd_pa Gir.;1lytlg-'llyug-pa 7'ar. 80,21 to stand out, 10project (&/1.: to run to and fro?).

~·g·~qr tl~ug-l·tM md- {Of} Carthusian.... pink C.?m'~~' "'t::~;.r nyug-1'lim, Ilywi-riom a.(,1"" , z..... eunuch D::l.

r'.q' flYlhi_ba 1. adj. col. °llYliu-,iu·, litlle;....... °llyuri_riu zig", IA. col. °ny/oj. na·rig0, lIyiuj-::ad n9 id. D::l.; nyU/i-Jds HiM"a little, a few, some; lIyUli-lJar h!Jld-pa tomake less £4. - 2. vb. to be little.

r'Cot' lly.iti-mu turnip, la(-ftvg dati) nyUl'...... (.ma) radishes Imd turnips Gir. ­71yUit-J.lu, "!fiui -Ioi ja turnip-soup, turnip­tea, nn infusion of dried turnip leaves,much used, e.g. in Ebotan, and consideredvery nourishing(?). "lIyu,i..JIfOC., mentionedby Wu. p. 137. as 'nu.,'e\s ronds', lo.q::;esweet, red turnips (peril. turnil'· rootedcabbllge?). - llywi-fii SC<'d-turnips (lA.tUrJ1.ip-seed). - nyiui-lo a turnip lenf.

Note. In writillg lWd l'pcaking this wordis often confounded with .1/Uli(8) mustard,SO that e.g. Ylai-lIla is said for turnil' iust.of n,Vuli-ma, 71.lfUiI.-dkdr for white IlJu~tnrd,

inst. of yuir8..Jlr:d,..

~'~;.j' ngUli-rUm. v n!fU!J-rU.»l.~

~'.::r nyill-lJa to wander or rove aboll~ to~ pa" privily or steal through, e.g.towns, countries, monnL:lins Mil., bUI'}'wg­places, tombs (asjll.cknls) Mil.; (ita) nyUl~

1Hl, nyuHfli Ptk, .u--tlyill a spy Ci. (Also~!J'il-lJa, tllyUl..ha.)

0/ 1l~ Dnm. fig.: !lB.

0/(' tl!Jl'-(i, a penr &JI~. (cf.1lgil.ti, 11:10-11).

~.~. 71ye.ba I. vb., to be near, to approach,lll"'a)'s with lhe supine of a reru,.

dIU byM - du 'II!p- bat "'hen he ".,.. nKrdying D::I.; ::lU-ba f..;;,~u n~ ('''!If'11she wu) De1Ir tile coull,lelion of tile month.,i e. the tillle of giving hirth to a childD::l., frq.; tldb..Jl'0ll.l1Pr ~ori-Ju 1j~l'

when the time of the teacher'. rctum drewnCfU' D::l.; ::itl-du mi tl¢-tu being not ne.rIlaving done D::l.; evcn used AS follow.:)'lUI' dn- .leb-tu tlyt-baj fit when he eamenear the plaee Mil.

II. adj., col. -1l~"1()- near, both lUI tospace IUJd time, l{/l,~ri,j-gj r"y.;,.,.pu. /..'yfm.mfAta flye the Dcighbol.\r i,; nearer lhanD kinsman living fllr off; /"'d-ba dair 11!}J­

bai .u" Ilt a place near tbe pilhu Gi".;(ag-1lyi.ba id.: ri (u!I.lIyA-{m zig a Ileal'or neighbouring hill Ma.; stnllding IlCftr,fig. being closely connected with by l'on­sanguinLty: flyt - ha· ",WIn' C relations,kindred (D::!. 7\.~, 13 'J'1yffi-pa. prob. ispreferable to mo nyt-lxu); allied by simi·ktrity: lIl('OrilHIltd-pa i,ia daiJ I.k dmi nyi.hai lJ:!ig-pu the five worst sius, and tlJOIlecoming nelltest to them; nCM b)' friend­ship Dnd affection: "'lyl-1ff() yin" n~ heis closely connected with us, he is desirousto enter into an intimate connection withus; hlo, or 'Tlyin, or!<mU fl!l-ba (or "TlY~

mo"), friendl)", kind, nmicnblc, hlo nyt.baltar byffl-pa to affect l\ fricndly mlUlnerGIr.; -flyi _rII0 )~' .pa- C. to lOTe, e,g.parents loving their children or \·ioo "crsa;nyi.hai ,ra, brgyad Glr. the eigllt iutimMediscilJles (of Buddha, not 11istorical, butm),thiL'tll persons., Mandshusri etc.).

Ill. adv. n~' or 11~ 1. near, dailto, di-dag dm, flyl.oor If.d-lu,i h:hU lieuto them he built a temille Tar.; My/-bar.oli-ba, .lib-pa, to come DClU', to IIPllroach;lIyJ-har o!Iyiu-l.Ja id , .ton..,u n~bar ofIYi"'.ba da,; when it was neArly empty I'M.;oor-la nyM)(lr gyit,...to it begUi to spreAd,to extend itself PtA.; fly/-bar r11ti'-IHl to

be Dear, to st:uu] nelll', e.g. of a lOW W~.

- 2. 1l!JM;or ~l-pa. with II', to adhere to,to keep (ODe's promise) l'rh. - 3. 1lyJ-ba"bZdg-pa to make 1I$l! 01, to employ, draH·14 t1IMSfli,bMg-pa (~~.Tl'II IJNnl.l.,

190

nye-zo

626. gxj near, though Tibetan dictionaries

write ^r^) to make use of one's intellectual

powers. To do this rightly forms part of

Buddhist wisdom (v. Kopp. I, 436) and

instruction (Dzl. 9Q&', 7, where Sch.'s

version is incorr.), being divided into four

divisions or degrees (Burn.); sam-rgyds-la dkon-pai Odu-ses nye-bar bzdg-pa to

apply to Buddha the notion of rareness

Tar. 5, 13. 4. Intensely, urgently, speedily,

J}igs-pa nye-bar zi fear is speedily allayed

Glr.; nadnye-bar Ofso the disease is speedily

cured Thgy.', nye-bar len-paMil., Thgy.

to seize eagerly, to strive for earnestly,

to aspire to, esp. to the re - birth as a

human being; cf. also nyer- ten', nye-barmtfo-ba of urgent necessity, frq. Tar. nyer

Opel it increases rapidly Med.

IV. sbst. v. nye-sin.

Comp. nye- sKor Sch. nye

- K6r those

about us, the company around us, Kyed-

rdn-gi nye-Kor-gyi Idom-bu-ba a beggar

belonging to the people around you Mil.;

esp. relations, kindred, des nye-K6r yan

sugs-kyis yon in this way family-connections

are formed of themselves Mil. - -nye-

mKon nye-rin Cs. (?)--

nye-grogs neigh-

bour, fellow -creature Cs. --nye -car now

Sch. nye-dag Cs., nye-du, and most frq.

nye-Jbrel (ynyen

-Jbrel} kindred, relations

(these being considered a main obstacle

to moral perfection, they are to be shunned

accordingly).--

nye-ynds disciple, kyed-

kyi nye-ynds bgyio, nye-ynds-su mcio I

wish to become your disciple Dzl. nye-

fsdn, nye-rigs relative, kinsman. --nye-rin

1. near and far, near and distant relations.

2. distance, sgor nye-rin ci-tsam yod how

far is it from here to the gate? 3. partial,

rgydl-po nye-rin ces the king is very par-

tial Glr., nye-rin-med-pa impartial Glr.

nye-ldm near; now Sch.

nye-zo damage, mishap, accident (syn.

to bar- cad), nye-zo-med-par without

an accident, safely Dzl.

'

nye-reg-pa Lexx. to wash.

nyes-pa

ftVnCT nyv-sihi or nye-bai sin Med., a tree

the fruits of which are used as a

sweet medicine.

nydg-ma.

nyed-pa = mnyed-pa.

or- nyen 1. = nye, nyen-kor, or nyen-skor'

-nye-Jfor a relative, Pth. : nyen-kor

zig yin he is a kinsman; also alone, like

ynyen. 2. with a vb. : danger, risk, myur-du jig-nyen yod there is a danger of its

being soon destroyed Glr.; dmydl-bar ^gro-

nyen yda there is a danger of going to hell;

srog-gi bar-cdd-du ^gro-bai nyen yod Mil.

of risking one's life; *dun-nyen* C. he has

the chance of receiving a good beating;

occasionally also: to be near, to impend,

in reference to happy events; in col. lan-

guage it is simply used for danger, nyen-

can dangerous, e.g. lam, las, sbrul etc.

v-j. nyen-pa, pf. nyen- to, to be pained,

pinched, pressed hard, e.g. by hun-

ger, cold, enemies; to toil and moil, to

labour hard, to drudge; v. ban.

*?X" nyer 1. = nye-bar. 2. v. nyi-su.

nyer- s"69s Tfy</'> theme, task

nyer-nytr, nyer-ze; W. dregs, sedi-

ment.

^-q. nyer-ba 1. Sch. to tan, curry, dress,

make soft. 2. W., also *nyer-kdd

tdn-ce*, to snarl, growl.-- 3. W. to tarry,

stay, linger (snyfr-ba for bsndr-ba?).<^.

s'Sf' nyer-ma W. for fyer-ma, red pepper.

?M/r -few, or wye

- 6ar few -pa, is

said to be -rg-yui rgyu, original

cause.^

1*^1* nyel-ba taken ill, sick Sch.

nyes- pa I. sbst. any thing wrong

or noxious, or liable to become so,

and the consequences of it; hence 1. evil,

calamity, damage, nyes-pa fams-cdd del lus-

la Oduo all sorts of plagues are collecting

upon his body Dzl.; lo-nyes a bad harvest,

failure of crops, lo-nyes byun-bai fse when

.'

190

626. 'all near, though Tibetall dictionarieswrite 1Illf) 10 make use of one's intellectualpowers. To do this rightly forms Ilarl ofBuddhist wisdom (v. KiYpp. I. 436) andinstruction (Dd. ?e~, 7, where Sen."\'crsioD is iDCOtr.), being divided into fourdivisions or degrees (Burn.); 3ail,.rgyd'­W dktm.-pai odu - Al, n!jJ-baI" bzd[l~pa to

apply to Buddha the notion of rarenessTar. 5, 13. - 4. intensely, ul1lently, speedily,Jigl-pa ll!J(Lbar z': fenr is speedily allayedGlr.; nadny;J-bar o(w the disease is speedilycured '1'1I[1Y.; 'lye-bar len-pa Mil., Thgy.to seize eagerly, to strive for earnestly,to aspire to, esp. to the fO - bilth as Dhuman being; cf..also lIyu-lin; lI!J~-bo.r

mlJ...ha of urgent necessity, frq. Tar. ugerJ1el it increases rapidly Med.

IV. sbst. v. llye-sbi.

Compo ?lye - d~6r &h. nyt - JMr tlloseabout us, the complWY around us, l..Ycd­rdti-gi 'Ii!l/}-lidr_gyi lddm-bu-ba 0. beggarbelonging to the people llround you Mil.;eSII. relations, kindred, dn flye- 116r yutiAU!J8-kyi3 y<tri in this way family·connectionsare formed of themselves Nil. - fl!!/}­mlMn = fl!!IYf!'ri <A. (7) - nye-grdfJs neigh­bour, fellow· creature Ct, - nye - car now8ch. - tl!?dug C,., nlJNiu, and mosl fl'q.nye ~ "lml (rnyen - obrtl) kindred, relations(these being considered a mnin oLstf\.cleto moml perfection, they are to be shunnedn.ceordingly). - nye-f11dB disciple, kyJd­"!Ii nye - )'tllU bs!!io, nye -md,-.u mbo 1

wish to become your disciple J)::i. - 'liye­(san, nye-rfgs relative, kinsman; - nye-rfli1_ near and far, neur and distant rl'1atioos.2. distance, sgor nye_rili H-t8am yud howfar is it from here to the gate? 3. partial,rfl!ldl-po flye-'r"i en thl! king is very par­tial Gir., nye-rbl...If1lh1-pa impartial Glr.­nye-lam near; now Sch.

rtf nyt-to damage, mishap, accident (syn.to bar-cad), nyM<!..lflIM-par without

an nccident, safely J)::l.

'"~ ~tJf.:r nye-rtg-pa Len. tOI

wash,

~·j]c:: nyc-Siti, or nyJ.-lmi .lill. Med_, a tree. 1 the fruits of which nre used 8S 8

SWeilt medicine.~.:r ~'mr nytg_ma, nytg-Mg, v.

, I '1"'1 'I 1Iydg-mu.,~'.q' n.lJed-pa - mnyM.pa.

~. nyen L = 1IYC, flyen-Mr, or nyen-sJcdr"" tlye-ollar a relative, l'tk: 1Iyen-1Wr

zig yin he is II. kiosman; also alone, likeJ'1I!JC1l. - 2. with a vb.: danger, risk, myitr­du Jirrnyen yod there is a danger of itsbeing soon destroyed Glr. j dmydi-bar o!}ro­nytn }'da there is Q danger of going to hell;srog..gi bar-Ud-du ofJr6-bai nyen yod Mil.of risking one's life; ·dil1i-lIyen- C. he basthe chance of receiving [\ good benting;occtlSionally also: to be ncar, to impend,in reference to happy events; in col. Inn­guage it is simply used for danger, t1ybl­can dangerous, e.g. lam, las, sbrul etc.~·.c.r uyhl-pa, pf. nybl-to, to be pained,

pinched, pressed hard, e.g. by hun­ger, cold, enemies; to toil and moil, tolabour hard, to drudge; v. bali., .)r\ t1yff I. _nye-bar. - 2. v. ny(-Au.

~.1:::¥::n~r uyer - sridfp TII9Y" theme, taskI 'C:: I Sch.~.~. nyer-fll/er, nyer-ze; w: dregs, sedi­

menl~'.::r nyer-ba 1. Sclt. to tan, curry, dress,

make soft. - 2. lV., also ·nyer-kddtUtj-ce-, to snarl, growl. - 3. lv. to tarry,stay. linger ('lIyer-ba for (muir-bat).,)r\'~' FI!Jk-ma w: for ryk-ma, red pepper.

~.~. 7i!Jer - lin, or nye - bar len· pa, isSIIid to be '" rgyui rgyu, original

cause.,o/'...f.:::r nyN-ba. taken ill, sick Sck

~~.:r nyb - pa 1. sbst. any thing wrongor noxious, or liable to become so,

nnd the consequences of it; hence 1. evil,calamity, damage, tlyh-pa (anu..cdJ dei iUs·ia odlW all sorts of plagues are collectingupon his body D;;l.; ~t1yb a. bad harvest,(ware of CI'OIIS, lo-nyl!$ byU,,-bai (8/: when

nyo

191

the liar\rst had been bad; in a special

sense in medicine: the three humours of

the body, air (v. ;-/M//), bile, and phlegm,

gen. called firef* jnod-hyed nyh-pa ysumthe three noxious matters (most diseases

being ascribed to a derangement of one

of them).- - 2. moral fault, offence, sin,

crime, uy^-pai skyon, being contaminated

by a crime Dzl.; lus dan ndg-gi (or Kai)

ni/t's-pa sin in word and deed Dzl.; nyes-

pa byed-pa to commit a fault, a crime;

to sin, frq.; also: mi Zig-la nyes-pa byuit

a slip has occurred to a person Dzl.; bddg-

la nyes-pa ci zig yod-de ma fnan what

crime have I committed, that you will

not give me permission? Dzl. 3. punish-

ment C. *nye-mig* id., resp. *ka nye; nye-

pa pog-Kan* he that has got a punishment.

II. vb. to commit an offence, Odis ci

nyes- te bzun what offence has he com-

mitted that he is taken prisoner? Dzl. (cf.

above); snon-cad bddg-gis nyes-pa bden it

is true that formerly I committed a fault

Dzl.; sndr ma sbrdn-pa nyes -so the not

reporting sooner was a fault Dzl.; yyogs-

pa nyes -so you have committed a fault

by covering . . . Dzl. ; bdag nyes-na if harm

is done to me;hence ci nyes in a general

sense: Kyod ci nyts-pa smros sig tell mewhat has happened to you Dzl.; btson-na

ci nyes quid mali, si vendideris? Dzl.; mi

drdn-nam ci nyes is she out of her senses,

or, what is the matter with her? Dzl.;

ci nyes-na why, ci nyes-na Kdn-pai ndh-

na rdzin-bu bskyil why is there a pondwithin the house? Dzl.

;ma nyts-pai Ogro-

ba innocent beings Mil.;ma nijes-pa pyir

byuh he came out again unhurt Dzl.; nyes-

byas a wicked action, a sin 6s. ; nyes-ltuh

sin, sinful deed, trespass, nyes-ltu/i-gis poghe has been overtaken by a sin Mil.

'

nyo 1. num. fig.: 128. 2. carrot Cs.

nyo-ti a pear Ld.

nyo-ba, pf. and imp. nyos, 1. to buy,

dnul bryyas for a hundred rupees;

nyo-(ba-)po a buyer, purchaser, nyo-(lta-)

mo fern.; nyd-mkan a buyer, customer;

nyd-to account, bill; nyo- (6it commerce,

traffic; nyo- fa6n bydd-pa to trade. --2.

to take at rent, to take the lease (of a field,

by buying the crop).

oOTn- nyog-pa soiled, dirtied, made unclean,

e.g. of victuals Mil.; ny6g-ma Sch.,

cu-nyog Lex. muddy, foul water; nyog-nyog-

po confused (story) Tar.

ajCT^rnC* nyogs-byiii Sch.: too soft; nyog-

nyoit Sch. soft, tender, weak,

inclined to weep;*

ses-nyog-can* (for yc&-

nyoy-cari) dandling, fondling W.

s'CJ" nydd-pa food Lea?.

n!/on~ni^'fls~Pa (seldom without

-pa), Ssk. %n 1 . misery, trouble,

pain, frq.; also used as a verb: nyon-md/is-

sin; tsd-bas nyon-mdns-te molested by the

heat Dzl.; nyon-mdns-par ^gyur-ba to get

into trouble Dzl.; nyon ma mohs-sam had

you to experience any hardship? Dzl.

2. in a restricted sense : the misery of sin.

nyon-moits -pa -las pan-pai don med this

does not avail for being delivered from

such misery Dzl. ; sin, n<jon-*m6hs-pai nod,

dri ma Dzl. ; ser - sna - la s6gs-pai nyon-

m6ns-pa avarice and other sins S.O. ; nyon-

mons-pa-med-pa free from sin, sinless S.O.;

nyon-mons-can-gyis nyd-sa nyos Zam. the

offender buys the flesh of a fish.

nyob-nyob weak, feeble-minded

Sch.

^* nyor 1. v. nyd-ba. 2. a rectangle

SQT nyol, imp. of nydl-ba; nyol-ba prov.

for nydl-ba.

?&r nyos, imp. of nyo-ba; nyos-mi a slave

Cs.

ynydn-ba Sch., prob.= mydn-ba.

ynyan 1. a pestilential disease, epi-

demic, or contagious disorder, plague,

mdze dan Obrum-bu ynyan Ala.; ynyan-

ndd id.; ynyan- du<j a poison against, or

a remedy for the plague Med.; dka-ynydn

a destructive plague Mi. -'2. a species

of wild sheep, argali (Ovis ammon).

the hllnelit I",d been bad; in :\ SI)(leialllCnsc in medicine: tllO three humours ofthe body, nir (Y. rlllli), bile, l\Pd phlegm,gen. clIlled f$) tuxl-!J!ld llyi'-pa l"Hlllhe throo noxious nllltters (most diseMeIlbeing IISCribed to II <lerongement of oneof thew). - 2. moral fault, offence, sin,crinte, nyu·pai Ikyon, being contaminatedby n. crime Dd.; 111, dUll ;'d9·9i (or rai)nya-pa sin in word and deed D::l.; nyl1­pa byM. pa to commit II fnult, a crime;to sin, frq.; also: flli Hg.la nyi'.pa bywia lilip has occurred to a person Dd.; bdag­La nyh. pa Ci ::.g !Jdd ·de 1>1« man wllntcrime Illl.VC I committed, tbat you willDot giyc mo permission? Dzl. - 3. punish.mtnt C wnyl-lIu[f id., resp. ·ka nyl; nye­pa Jkx,rllan· he that has got u punishment.

II. yb. to commit an offence, ll~ Ci11911. u bzwi wbnt offence has he com·mitted that he is tnken prisoner? D::l. (ef.l\bove); "idt!·Cad bddg-gis nyl'·pa bJcn itis true that formerly I committed :to fnultD::l.; "idr rna ,bran· pa 7'lP' - 10 the notreporting sooner W!l.S ]I. fault Dzl.; YlIdg6­pa nyl,. 10 you hnvc committed a fnultby co\·ering. " Dzl.; bdag nye,.."a if harmis done to me; hence Ci nyh in a. ~eDf';ral

sense: Ilyod l:i nya. pa "'lfOI jig tell mewhat has happened to you D::l.; btsd,i·naCi nyh quid mal~ si vendideris? Dzl.; lIlidrdn-nam ~ nYei is she aut of her senses,or, what is the mnttcr with her? Dzl.;l:i nye.-na why, t'i nyi'-lIa Ilali.pai ndn­na rd::iti-bu bt.b.JiI why is thero n. Ilondwithin the house? Dzl.; ma nyi,.pai "gt.(r

ba innoceD~ beingll Mil.; fila nyh.]Kl i'yirbyun he came out again unhurt D::l.; lIyt.­bYal a wicked acti"o, a sin Ca.; lIy1,..[,t1Insin, sinful deed, trespass, nyl,.ltlln--giJ PIJfJbe has been overtaken by n sin Mil.

if 11'90 1. num. fig.: 128. - 2. carrol C,.r, lIytrti a pear Ld.

r::r nytrba, pf. nnd imp. lI!JO', I. to buy,drilll brgy", for n hundred rupees;

nytr(ba.)p<J n bUl'er, purch~r, '1Iyo..{b«-)

lUI

rno feln.; 11ye}. mlan " buyer, eu!tolDcr;1Iyd·(O l\CCOunl, bill j nYO-,,(.oil commerce,trtlffic; nYO·illm byld-pa to trade. - 2.to take al rent, to take Ihe lease (of a field,lIy buying thc crop).

~'.:t' llytX.f1X!loiled, dirtied, made \lDclcan,e.g. of Yictu"l!$ Mil.; lIydi)-100 &11.,

Ctv-n!Jd!j I.•u. muddy, foul 'ft'ater; 7I!JO!l.,.!J6fJ­»0 confused (story) Tar.

~"'fS:-' n!JOfll.byilc &h.: 100 soft; lI!JOg-

nyd,j &11. soft, tender, weak,inclined tu weep; +lJt.wn!JOfj-ean· (for 1U..lIyog-ean) daudling, fondling lIZ~;fi.·.:r ny6d.pa food Lu.

'75i5fc~.f.:t' nyonwnwri,-pa (seldom without.pa), &k. n 1. misery,lrouble,

pain, frq.; 11150 used as l\ verb: nyon.mdti.­Uti; t,d·f,(u nyon-md,iI.te molested by theheat Dzi.; llyon.mdnr-par JI!Iill·.J"a 10 getinto trouble D::l.; nyon ma matiNam had>'on to experience any hnrdship? D::l. ­2. in n restricted sense: the misery of sin,nyon-mdn,. pa·l", pan.pai don 7Md tbisdoes not avail for being delivered fromsuch misCf}' Dzl.; sin, 1l!Jon-mdlir-pui nad,dr;. ma Dzl.; dl'· "ta - La ldgI.pai 11yon·

mdti,-pa M'Rrice and otber sins S.O.; nyotl­mdti'-pa.mld.pa f~ from sin, sinlcS8 S.O.;1Iyon-naOli,.ca7l-gyi. lIyNa 1l!JO' Zam. Iheoffender buys the flesh of a fish.~~. n!JOb .1Iydb weAk, feeble· winded

SeA.

~. nyor 1. \'. 71yd·ba. 2. a rectangle C,.

~. lIyol, imp. of nydl-ba; nydl.ba proy.for nydl·ba.

~. nyOfJ, imp. of nytrba; 1lYO..,tli a sb.\·eC•.

~::r )'1iyaii·ba &h., prob. - f'1ty/i':'-ba.

::fJ'7-" pyan 1. a pestilential di:>ea~e, epi-demic, or eontAgiouli tlisorder, plague,

mdu d«ii obrolll. bll l'"yan Ma.; J'tlyatl­

ndd id.; J'lIyan-dH9 ~ f)(lisoD against, or~ remcdy fur the I'llIgue MM.; ./l:a.f1Iydfta destructive plague &h. - 2... speciesSf wild tdief'l', argali (Ovis aUlwou).

192

ynydn-pa

-/rnydn-pa cruel, fierce, severe, lha

fnydn-rnams Glr. gods of venge-

ance, deities of terror; klu-ynydn id.;

fcrims ynydn -pa & cruel commandment,

frq.; dam-fsig ynydn-pa prob. a rigid vow,a solemn oath Mil.; of mountains: wild,

rugged , precipitous ; ynydn - sa a rugged

country Mil.;in ynydn-pai ynad (v. ynad)

prob.: dangerous. fnydn-po sbst. Mil.1

?

zflMvq*)rwi/a(-6a) 1- neck, nape, pw/a-6a brtuiis the neck is contracted

or shortened Med. ynyd-ko hide, or

leather of a beast's neck 6s. ynya-Kobsscreen of the neck (attached to a helmet)

Sch. - - ynya -rgydb (?) C. breast - work,

parapet.- -

ynya-rtse vertebra prominens,the cervical vertebra with its projecting

process Mil. --ynya-fsigs cervical joint.

-fnya-rens stiff neck, ynya-rens-can 1.

having a stiff neck; 2. stiffnecked, obsti-

nate. ynya-sin a yoke (for oxen) Glr.,

Lex. -- 2. skad-ynyd v. skad.

cnanvTr* ynya-ndn, or snya-ndii, a village

on the frontier of Nepala witness, one that gives

evidence 6s.,Lex. = dpdn

- po ;

ynyd-bo byed-pa to pledge for, to be surety

for; Dzl. 99V : bskyi-fnyd byas, Sch.: 'he

made an attested loan'.

ynyi-ga for ynyis-ka %.; ynyi-zerfor nyi-zer Lex.

'

fnyig-tu Lex. = ycig-tu.

rnor* ynyid, resp. mnal, sleep, ynyid-du; Ogrd-ba to fall asleep Glr., Mil.; W.

*nyid ma yon* sleep has not come, I am

sleepless ; *nyid ma Mug, nyid Kug ma nyan*,also *nyid san son* id.; ynyid mi tub he

cannot find sleep Med.; ynyid-tum-pa one

uninterrupted portion of sleep Glr.; ynyid

mfug-pa a sound sleep, ynyid-srdb a light

sleep ,a slumber Med. ynyid

-log

- pa

(prop, ynyid- kyis log -pa) Dzl. to fall a-

sleep, Dzl. 9VZ, 16; %9L, 9 (thus correctly

translated already by $c/tr.), prob. also

to sleep; ynyid-la ^ro-ba, W. *ca-ce*, to

fall asleep; ynyid tuy-pw son he fell into

a deep sleep Mil.\ *da-riih ynyid ma log-

ynyis

mKan -Odug* W. I am still awake

; ynyid

sdd-pa to awaken, to awake vb. n.; ynyid-

yiir-ba to be overcome by sleep Sch.,

Tar. 31, 22, Pth., ynyid -rddl C. som-

nambulism; *nyid-ma-mun-la diil-ce* id.,

Ld. *nyi'>

-col gydb-pa* id. C. --ynyid-

can sleepy 6s.; ynyid-med having no sleep,

sleepless; ynyid-ytr morbid sleeplessness;

ynyid-ydr Med., Pth., id.? pnyid-lam C. =rmi-lam dream.

ynyis 1. also ynyis sig (v. cig), two,

de ynyis, ynyis-po, ynyis-ka the two,

both; ynyis (-sw) -med(-pa) ;

mi -ynyis

-paTar., not being two, i.e. not differing,

identical, the same, na dan rgydl-ba ynyis-

su med I and Buddha, we are one, i.e.

I am an incarnation of Buddha Glr.; 6s.

also: indubitable, thus perh. used by Mil.;

ynyis-su Jbyiin-ba to be divided into two,

to become two Glr. 2. a (married)

COliple, brdm - ze ynyis Brahmin man and

wife. - - 3. both (v. above), in Tibetan

often added, where two nouns have the

same predicate, either disjunctively, and

then usually followed by re: jo-bo dan

byams- me/on ynyis mdzo-mo re'i steh-du

bzugs both the lord and the Maitreya were

mounted on bastard-cows Glr.; na-rdn re

ynyis either of us Mil.; pyi nan ynyis cos-

lugs gan bzan which is the better of the

two religions, the esoteric, or the exoteric?

Glr.; or copulatively: Kyo-mg ynyix-la

rds-cug ycig-las mi bdog-ste as they both,

husband and wife, had only one cloth to-

gether Dzl.;

and reciprocally: cos dan

bon ynyis rtsod-pa the contest between the

religion of Buddha, and the religion of

the Bons Glr.; Kyod dan ha ynyis bza-mi

byao we two shall marry each other Glr.

In most cases mentioned sub 3, ynyis-po

(the two), ynyis-ka, (y)nyi-ga, W. col. also

;f

nyi-ko, nyi-kad, nyi-kod*, Sp. *nyi-mo*,

may be used inst. of ynyis; ynyis may also

refer to several nouns on one or on both

sides: fcyed dan na ynyis both you (re-

ferring to several persons) and I; but it

may also be quite omitted, as in other

languages: ga dan bai ^ug-tsul the way

192

~'.q' rnydn-pa cruel, fierce, severe, lilarnydn"'llanU Gll'. gods of venge­

unce, deities of terror; klu-rnyun id.;!trim. myun- pa a cruel commandment,frq.; dam-(sfg }"n!Jun-pa prob. a rigid vow,a solomn oath ilfil.; of mountains: wild,rugged, precipitous; l1iyun - sa a TUf;b'Cdcountry Mil.; in rnfJdn-p«i }'1Wd (". mad)I'rob.: dangerous. - m!Jdn-po sbst. Mil.1

~'(:::n m!Ja(-ba) 1. neck, nape, rnyu-ba bl'twis tbe neck is contracted

or shortened Med. - rny<i - Jw Ilide, orleather of a beast's neck Ci. - mya-J.'db3screen of the nede: (attnched W a helmet)Sen. - f1Il/a - Tf/yub (7) C. breast - work,parapet. - )'1lya-rtsli vertebro prominens,the cervical veltebro with its projectingprocess Mil. - myu - hi~ cervical jQint.- m!Ja-t'IM8 stiff neck, f1Iya-rJris-~an 1.

having u stiff neck; 2. stiffnecked, obsti­nate. - rnya-Wl l\. yoke (for oxen) Gil'.,J.e.e. - 2. skad-rnyd '". skad.~.~~. J"nya-nwl, or snya--nuli, a "iIlnge

on the frontier of Nepal~::f J'1lyd-bo a witness, on~ that gives

e"idence (,8., Lu. _ <lpuil - po;f1IYu-bo byid-pa to pledge for, w be suretyfor; Dzl. J'JV: biJcyi-m!Ju mJas, Sen.: 'hemade fln attested loan'.~9' myi-ga for )"1I!Jill-ka Slg.; J'TIyi-zb'

for nyi-::Jr Lex.

~ rnyig-tu Li.F. _)'~iy-tu.

~. rnyid, resp. mnal, sleep, myld - duofJr6-ba to fall nslecp Gll'., MiL; W.

-nyid ma !Nil.- sleep has not come, I amsleepless; -nl/id ma Rug, nyid Rug manyan-,alw -n!p,l ~ati soil- id.; ynyjd 1Ili fuh hElcannot lind sleep Med.; )'1lyid-fum-pa oneunintRrTUllted portion of sleep Gll'.; rnyid1Ilflig-ra a sound sleep, myi4-srdb a lightsleep, a slumber Med. - f1Iyid ~ log - pa(prop. rnyid-kyi~ I6g - pa) Dzi. to fall a·sleep, Dzl. JV.(, 16; ~Jt.., \) (thus correctlytranslat~d already by Scltr.), prob. alsow sleep; ,nlJid-w. ofJlv-ba, lv. -cu-ct*, tofall asleep; rnyid fl"'!I_por w,j he fell inton deep sleep .Mil.; -da-J'UN f7tyid Wi Mff-

mltan - "dUf]- W. I am still awake; rnyidsM-pa to nwaken, w awake vb. n.; )"n.'Iid­yUI' - ba to be overcome by sleep Sdf.,Tal'. 31, 22, 1M., - }"nlJid-rdM C. som­nambulism; ·1lyid•.1Ila-mun-ia ~lul- til' id.,Ld.; ·nyP - col 9ydh - pa- id. C. - )"l1.11id­can sleepy u.; J'1lyid-n/fd having 110 sleep,sleepless; )'1Iyid-ylr morbid sleeplessness;rnyid-ydr M(!(L, 1't1l., id.? rnyid-iam C. =I'mi-lam dream. .~~. rnyi6 1. also rnyis Ug IV. i:iy), two,

(ie J'TIyis, rnyis-po, m!Jis-/.:a the two,both; rn,yis(-su)-mM(-pa); 1Ili-rnyis-paTar., not being two, i.e. noL differing,idCJltical, the Slime, ria <Lilli rg!Jdl-ba rnyis­3U med I IUId Buddha, we are one, i. e.I tim lUI incarnation of Buddba GIl'. ; Cs.abo: indubitable, thus perh. used by MiL;yngiS-8U "b.'I'ili-lJa to be aivided inw two,to become two Gil'. - 2. a (rnnrried)couple, brdm - zc rnyis Brahmin man IIJIdwife. - 3. both (v. above), in Tibet:Uloften ndded, where two nouns have tbesame predicate, either disjunctively, andthen usually followed by Ti:)o - bo (ianhyal/UI, ~ mylm yn!J~ mdzd - mo ,·ti stbi-duhZugs botb the lord and the Maitreya weremounted on bastard-{loWS Gir.; na-t·uoi "emyit either of uS Mil.; hi nali myi. eos­illfJ6 gan bzati which is the better of thetwo religions, the esoteric, or tbe exoteric?Glr.; - or copulatively: ClJfNUg rnyill-lal'US-Cflf/ reig-lus mi bdOg-sfe as tbey both,husband and wife, barl only one cloth to_gether Dzl.; - and reciprocally: 00" da'ibon f1lyis I'fsod-jXl the contest between tbereligion of Buddha, and the religion oftbe Bons Glr.; A'yod dail ria )'1lyi& hza-1Ilibyoo we two shall marry Cl\ch otber Gfl'.In most caseg mentioned sub 3, )'nyis-po(the two), rnyis-lro, (j)nyi-ga, lV. col. ftlso-nl/[./IX), Tlyi-kad, nlli-kod', Sp. -1l!Ji-mo·,may be used iust. of rnyis; rnyis may nlsorefer to severnl nouns on one or on bothsides: li!Jed «ati .ia rill/is both you (re­ferring to several persons) and I; but itmay also be quite omiu,l.lll. as in otherlaogllagCl>: !JP dmi bai Jug-tsifl the way

of employing the (two) letters g and b

Gram.

Comp. and deriv. ynyis-skyes one that

is born twice i.e. u bird Cs. also one that

has entered into a religious order Cs. -

ynyis -car v. car. --ynyis -ynyis two a

piece. ynyis-litti/i twofold, double, v. /</<//>.

-ynyis-Jfuii (ft[T|) 'drinking twice', the

t'lc|)liaiit.-

ynyis -pa 1. the second. 2.

having two, possessed of two, e.g. mgo-

ynyis-pa having two heads, two-headed;also double-tongued, deceitful W. 3. having

doubts, doubting(?) Wdn. ynyis-po the two,both (v. above). ynyis-med v. beginningof this article. ynyis- dzin prob. the state

of being affected or influenced by contrary

things: doubt, unsteadiness, wavering Glr.;

ynyis- dzin ltd-la prob. to look upon two

things asdiffering, tothink them different Jl/7.

rrewraj' ynyug-ma Cs. natural, opp. to

'4 beds - ma artificial,hence (Sch.')

= drios-ma; Lexx. = f^j innate, peculiar.It occurs in the expressions: sems ynyug-

ma, and ynyug-mai sems Mil' ynyug-mai

ye-ses Mil. ; ; nyug-mai don Mil. and Lex.;

ma-bcos ynyug-mai ndn-du Odres, perh. : is

dissolved into the uncreated primordialexistence Mil. Our Lama explained it dif-

ferently in different passages, and was not

certain of the true meaning of the word.

cna^-rrrp^ ynyuh-dkdr rape-seed for press-

es ing oil; but cf. nyun-ma.

R* ynyul-ba = nyul-ba.Ns

ynye-ba, Glr. also ynyeo, smye'-bo,

a wooer, counter.

)'nye- ma the twisted part of the

colon or great gut, Med. and col.

(Sch. erron.: rectum).

OTX*' ynyen, resp. sku- ynyen 1. kinsman,

relative, bydms-pai ynyen loving re-

lations, frq.; ynyen- la bydms-pa bytd-pato love one's relatives; ynyen-gyi sgyug-

mo, tgytg-mo as a degree of relationship

Lex.\ ynyen byed-pa to become related,

or allied, by marriage Dzl. 2. gen.

ynyen-po helper, friend, assistant, esp. spiri-

tually: rgywl ymjen-po bzdn-bar byin-rjyis

rlobs bless my soul, that it may becomea good spiritual helper (to these people)Mil. ; ; HI/I'H -po-la ma It6*-par without

looking up to a spiritual adviser Mil.; frq.

used of supernatural helpers : bodQdul-bai

ynyen -po the promoter of the conversion

of Tibet (the special Saviour of Tibet, as

it were), Awalokiteswara, frq.; applied to

things: remedy, means, expedient, antidote,

ndd-la yso-bar byi'd-p&i ynyen-po assistants

in curing maladies (e.g. medicine, diet etc.)

Med.;del ynytn-por as a remedy for Thgy.,

frq.; sgrub-pai tabs mi s&s-pai ynyen-paras a remedy for helplessness in acquiringa certain object, i.e. direction or instruc-

tion how to obtain it Thgy.; ynyen-poysdn-ba mysterious helpers, or sources of

good (relative to fetish -like objects frq.)

3. Cs. :

'

ynyen-po adversary, antagonist,

enemy; contrary, opposite, adverse'; <ScA.:

'ynyen-p&r rten-pa to adhere to the counter

party'; Lexx. have 'spdn-byai '/nydn-po' a

ynyen-po to be shunned, explaining ynyen-po

by nf?W!r (prob. to be corrected intoi^l)

opponent, adversary. Sure proofs of this sig-

nification of fnyen-po I seldom met with in

literature, but Lewin mentions some instan-

ces scarcely to be doubted. 4. i. o. mnyenand bsnyen.

Comp. dpuh-ynyen helper, assistant, frq.- pa -ynyen, md- ynyen a relation on

the father's side, on the mother's side C'i.

b$es-ynyen friend, esp. spiritual friend,

v. bses. ynyen-grds (&7t.?), ynyen- brfl^

*nyen- duh-po* W. relations, esp. of the

same blood; ynyen-sde, ynyen-fsdn, ynyen-

srid Mil. id., col. ynyen- ditn 1. Sch.:

'concord, harmony, amongst kinsmen', in

which sense it seems to be used in Sty.:

ynyen- dun zdd-pa yin this harmony ceases.

2. relations, pa yan ma yin, jnyen- dun min

neither father nor relations Thgy. ynyen-

zld prob.: qualified, fit for matrimonial

alliance (as to birth etc.), ky&l-rnams kyan

ned rgya-ndg-pai ynyen-zld yin-pas as yeTibetans may enter into connubial con-

nexion with us Chinese Glr. ;in a concrete

sense: a good match, ynyen-zld ma rnytd-

18

193

of emplo}'ing the (two) letters g tl.nd b rloiM bless my lOul, that it may becomeGralll. R good spiritual helper (to these people)

Compo and deriy. fHyU ~ Y.:ya one that Mil.; rn.1Jht -lHJ • fa 1IIIl [to.. pur withoutis bom twice i.e. t\ bird G.; also one that looking llll to • spiritual ad,iser MiL; frq.III\S entered into a religiau5 order C•• - u~ of 8upt'rnatural helpers: bod .d;.t-OOiYllyu - la" v. CUI'. - myl. -)'tlyiJ two a yn,!Jbi-1KJ the promoter of the ooDTonionpiece. - fll!Jj,-lddb twofold, double, v. ldab. of Tibet (the special S••iour of Tibet, II

- f1'!JM-,l,iil (f~) 'drinking twice', the it were), A'II'lI.lokit.cswara, frq.; applied to

elcplulDt. - m1l,a - pa I. the second. 2. lllinS's: remedy, means, expedien4 antidote,hiving two, possessed of two, e.g. "'go. ndd-lafMJ-hu,. b1JM-pai"/1lym-po &S!Iistnnufll!!i,- po, bllViolo:: t\\'o heads. two-headed; in curiog malndies (e.g. medicine, diet etc.)lliso double-tongue<l, deceitful W. 3. having J.l/ed.; dd m!Jbt-p AS It. remedy for TltfJY.,doubts, doubting(?) IVtln.- rny(a-pcHhe two, frq.; ~ai (alA mi fa-pai J'1Iyin-porlxlth(v. llbove). - m!Jia-mM v. Leginning as a remedy for heiplessDeM in acquiringof this article. - myu-"d:dn prob. the slate a certain object, i.e. direction or iuslrttc­oebeing affected or inftuenced by contrary tion how to obtain it TIIgy.; rn!Jin-pot!lings: doubt, unsteadiness, wavering Gir.; rsd,j.ha mysterious belpers, or soW'Ccs off1lyi.-..d::in ltd-ba prob. to look upon two good (relative to fetish-like object.! frq.)thingsl\Sdiffcring,tothinkthemdifferentNI1. _·S. (4.: 'ynym-po adYer.lll.ry, antagonist,~~. rn!Jug-mu. C,. natural, opp. to enemy; eontmry, opposite, adverse'; &1..:

..... bCd8 ~ 11Ia artificial, henee (&11.) ',nyen-p<tr rtin1Ja to adhere to the ceunler- dmn-nla; Lu.l. - m innate, peculiar. party'; Lu.l. ha"e 'Ipd,i-/)yai m!Jl:n-po' aIt occurs in Lhe el;prcssions: uWI'm!JUg- rn!Jin-po to be shunned,e:lplaining fJIyin-poma, and ynylig-mai sem.s Mil; ynyug-mai by JIf"'ftlf'( (prob. to be corNXlted into ll1f)ye-U' Mil.; ; nYUfJ-1lwi don J.l/il. and Lu.; opponent, adversary. Sure proofs of this sig­flIa-lKdI m!JU!f"'"Iai lidli-du ..dril, Ilerh.: is nification of m!Jm-po 1seldom met with in.dissolved into the unereat.ed primordial literature, but Lewin mentions some instan­existence Mil. Our Lama explained it dif- ce5 scarcely to be doubted. - 4. i. o. mnyenferentJy in different passages, and was not and brnyen.CAlrlnin of the true meaning of the word. Compo dpuli~)'7Iyin helper, assistan~ Crq.

~~'-IT}", !nl/Uit.-dkdr rape-seed for press- - po. -)'7Iybi, rna -)'tiP a relation on....,"" mg oil; but cr. nylui-ma. tbe father's side, on the mother's side u.

- betl-)'1l1JCn friend, esp. spirituAl frieJIcl,~..J'..:::r yn1Jul.ba - n!JUl-ba. v. bU,. _ )'7Iyen-grd. (Sc/d), )'tIycn-..brii,

~'.:::r m!Jc- ba, Gir. also m!JtO, ~m!Ji- 60, ·nyen -1lui -1"'. IV. relations, esp. of 1bea wooer, eourter. same blood; J'1I!JC'I-sdi, f'Jl!Jtn-6d,., 'jnyro-

:fl'~-~' ynye-ma the twisted part of the .rid Nil. id., col. - 'Yftyen-"dUft l. &".:. colon or great gut, Ned. and col. 'eoneord, harmony, amongst kinsmen', in(&/1. erron.: rectum). which sense it seems to be u8Cd in 819':~. rn!Jt7l, resp. d.·tI-yn!Jin 1. kinsman, m!Jffl-..dlln zdd-pa yin this 1,tu1l1ony ceases.

relalive, b!Jdms-pai m.lJt1I lo\·ing re- Z. relations, po. yari 'lUI !lin, r'i!ft'l'-.dil,. mi,.lations, frq.; rn!Jin-lu b!Ja",,-l'<' byld-pa neitJlerfather nor relations TItgy.-pYM­to love one'5 relath'es; ,.np-ggi I{I!/,if/. zid prob.: qualified, fit for matrimonial111(), '!lyVg-mo M n degree of relntionship "Ilillnee (as to birth e:.e.), !"!Jbl-"Ila_ k!laJiLu.; mgt" b1JN- po. to become related, lied "gya-nd9-pai )'tIp-:ld yin-pa, as )"eor ,,!lied, by marriage D::l. - 2. gen. Tibetans may enter into connubial cen·,nybl_po helper, friend, assistant, esp. spiri- nexiou witb us Chiue!!e Glr.; in a ooncretetually: rY!lud m!Jbi"11O bZ(r.;.·~· y1Ji"'1J!l4 se~i·" ~ match, fllp-:ld ",a ,."yId-

D) l~

194'

ynyer-ba mnydm-pa

kyis Dzl. ?$, 14; Kyod dan ynyen-zld min

I am not allied with you by marriage,with you I am not on terms of affinity.-ynyen-sdl (?) reconciliation C. ynyen-

bse's relatives and friends, also separately:

Jcyod-la ynyen med bses kyan med Mil.

ynyer- ba c. accus. to take pains

with, to take care of, to provide for,

to try to get; to procure, to acquire, ynyer

byed-pa id.; as a sbst. Tar. 165, 22: the

procurer, provider Schf.; gen. in conjunc-tion with don in various ways, as: bdagdon zig ynyer

- te as I have to look after

a business Dzl. 3?, 7; don ynyer-ba to

earn money; don-du ynyer-ba c. accus.,

rarely c. dat. : to provide for, to strive to

procure, nw don-du ynyer-ba to endeavour

to make money, frq.; yo-bydd don-du

ynyer -ba- mams people who desired to

have goods Tar. 169, hence don-ynyer

exertion, effort, zeal, don-ynyer cen-po dgos

great exertions are necessary Mil.;in this

sense prob. also Tar. 4, 8 : earnest exertion

(in investigating) ; don-ynyer byed-pa c. la

to study, investigate (a thing) Glr.', don-

ynyer-can \. zealous, painstaking. 2. Sch.

also : liked, welcome, mgron a welcome guest.- dkon- ynyer Tan 183, 21, Schf.: ad-

ministrator of valuable property; ace. to

others: the first secular functionary of a

ytsug-lag

- Kan,about the same as bailiff

(steward) of a convent, = lha-ynyer Georgi

Alph. Tib. (in an edict) ;also the manager

of the daily sacrifices (dgon-ynyerf); slob-

ynyer a student, cos-slob-ynyer a religious

scholar (a student of theology) Mil, slob-

ynyer gdn-du bgyis where did you study?

Mil. --ytad- ynyer byed-pa to trust (a

person with), to intrust (a thing to) Glr.;

ced-du ynyer-ba, and rjes-su ynyer-ba v.

ced. --ynyer-Ka attention, care, ynyer-Ka

byed-pa ccg. to pay attention to, attend

to, take care of Pth.', ynyer-Ka ytdd-pato commit (a thing) to a person's charge,

to put a person in trust of Glr. ynyer-

pa farm-steward, in convents etc. ynyer-

bydtl prob.=

ynyer-tfa. ynyer-fmn store-

room, store-house, (if under the charge of

a special ynyer-pd).

OT?X"3T yny^r - ma a fld of the skin,

wrinkle Med.; ynyer-ma rens-pa

Oyyur the wrinkles are made straight, are

smoothed Stg.\ ynyer- ma - can wrinkled;

Kro -ynyer (M^fH) a frown, a severe or

angry look v. Hro-ba\ ynyer-ba to wrinkle,

sna - gon ynyer- ba to knit the brows, to

frown Pth.

*

ynyel-ba mnyel-ba Sch.

ynyog-pa\n desire, to wish earnestly

Cs. v. snyog-pa.

CTSc- ynyod strength, durability, stoutness

of cloth etc., C. and W., ynyod-can

strong; ynyod-cun, ynyod-med weak; Lex.

lus ynyod- curt a weakly body or consti-

tution.

ynyod -pa to draw, stretch, strain

C., W.

^oj. mnyan C. boat, skiff, wherry; mnydn-'

pa boat-man, ferry-man.

mnydn-pa 1. = nydn-pa Dzl. etc.

2. v. mnyan.

mnyan~yod, 3TR^t> a town in

the northern part of Oudh.

*

mnyam v. the following word,

^W) co1 - *nydm-po*,1. like, alike, equal, same,mnydm-

po yod they are alike, equal, not differing,

col.; with dan, seldom with the termin.,

lha dan mnydm-pa yod they are like unto

the gods Pth., Glr.; zlum-por mnydm-paroundish Sambh.

; rigs mnydm-pa of equal

birth, rank Dzl.;dus mnydm-pa contem-

porary, simultaneous, frq. mnydm-par gyur-

ba to become equal, to be equal Dzl. -

2. even, level, flat, lag-mfil Itar mnydm-paflat like the palm of the hand Glr. and

elsewh.; mnydm-pa (or -par) byed-pa to

make even or level, to even, to equalize

Dzl.;

to divide equally; sems mnydm-paimperturbation, evenness of mind, not to

be affected by kindness or the reverse;

sems mnydm-par ^joy-pa to compose the

1lH

k!1li Dzl. ~V, 14.; fyod dOli myen-::ld minI lUll not allied with you by marriage,with you I am not on terms of affinity.- rnycrHdl (?) reconciliation G: - ynyen­bUs relatives u.nd friends, also separately:JiyOO-la f1l1Jl!1l med bAtS kywi mid ~Mil.

~.~. 11lyer - Va c. aC<lus. to take painswith, to take care of, to provide for,

to Iry to get; to procure, to acquire, rnyerb!Jkl-pa id.; as a shst. Tal'. 165, 22: theprocurer, provider &Jif.; gen. in conjune-­tion with don in various ways, as: &kgdfNt zig myer - It a~ 1 ha\'c to look aftera business Dzl. :r-', 7; {wn ynyh - ba to

cum money; Jon - du m!Jb'-ba c. tl.ccus.,rarely c. dat.; to provide for, to strive toprocure, 1l0r dOll-JU ynJj&-lJa to cndClwourto make money. frq.; yo - bydd ddn - du)'nyir - ba - rnams people who desired' tohave goods Tal'. 169, hence don - ynytTexertion, effor4 zeal, don-rniFr Wi-po dgQ3great exertions are necessary Mil.; in thissenso proh. also Tar. 4, 8: earnest exertion(in investigating); don-plfJfT byc(J.pa c. lato study, investigate (8 thing) Gll'.; don·rnyeNYm I. zealous, painstaking. 2. &11.also: liked, weloome,mgr<>na welcome guest..- dkon.ynyf:r Tar. 183,21, Schf.: ad­ministraoor of valuable property; ace. toothers: the first secular functionary of arw,g· lag - fmi, about the same as bailiff(steward) of a convent, = llw.·rnller GeorgiAlph. Tib. (in an edict); also the mlUlngcrof the daily sacrifices (dgon·rnllf:r1); !lalrrnyel' a student, Co!~lob-yn9b' a religiousscholn.r (a student of theology) Mil, !lolJ..)'flyer gan-du bgyis where did you study?Mil. - rtad. rn!Jf:r byid· ptl 00 trust (aperson with), to intrust (a thing 00) Gir.;r'Cd·du )'1lyer-ba, und ljb·su )'1l.ljf:r.ba v.·ted. - myf:r-fa attention, care, ynyt:r-Ilab!JCd. pa CCf/. to pay attention to, altend00, take care of Pth.; r11yir -lia rtM. pato commit (a thing) to a person's charge,to put a person in trust of Gil'. - mY&­pa farm.steward, in convents etc. - ynyir­bydi. prob. _ ynyf>r·~:o. - f"!y(,l'.t,uli store-

room, store.house, (if under the charge ofn special yrt!]ir-pa).~'5J' )'1l!Jf:r-ma a fold of the skin,

wrinkle Ned.; rnllc/"ma I"bis.pao!J.lj1tl" the wrinkles nre mnde straight, aresmoothed Sty.; )'1l!JI.:/'. 11/1,1,. tan wrinkl~J;

/fro· rnyCr (Ww) a frown, l~ severe orangry look v. /(ro-btl; ynyer..{)a to wrinkle,~na· 90.. PI!!';'. ba to knit the hrows, tofrown l'tIJ.

~'::f' rnyll-ba = mnyif..ba 5th.

ttM·'f rnydy-pa to desire, to wishelU"Destly~. v. sny6!J.pa.

9~' f1lyad strength, durability, stoutnessof cloth etc., G and W:, rll.,jM. cmt

strong; [nyod-ciui, rnyod·'IIlCtl weak; Le,t.lus rnyod- CtiJi a weakly hody or consti.tution.~''f }'1lyQI1. pa to draw, stnltch, strain

c., W.~. '1IInyan C. boat, skiff, wherry; mn.yun-­

pa boat-rolUl, ferry-mM.

~~.:.f mnyun-ptl 1. - nyun-pa Dd. et('.- 2. v. mnyan.

5J~"cXff'" mnyan-!fOd, ~, a oown in""\ the northern part of Oudh.

~~. mnywlI V. the following word.

. (»).. •&.l~·:r mnyam-pa l11l" co. nytlm-po,

1. like, alike, equal, same, mnyam,­po gOd they R.!'(lulike, equnl, not differing,001.; with dWi, seldom with the tCfDlin.,lila dwi nl1lyum·pa yod they are likc untothe gods ptJt., Gll'.; ::ium-pcl/' mnydm-paroundish Salllbh.; ''19$ nmyam-Ilu of eqllulbirth, ronk D::Lj dW$ 'I1wyam-pa contelll­porary, simultllneous, frq.ntnyum·pal" 9yur­ba to become eqll:l.l, to be equal D::i. ­2. even, level, flat, la9-mfilltm' mnydm-ptlflat like the p::tlm of the hand Glr. nndelsewh.; mnydm.pa (or .pm·) byM.pa 00make even 01' level, to evell, to equalizeD::i.; to divide equally; Mnts mnydm-paimpertul'bation, e"enncss of mind, not tobe affected by kindness or the reverse;SC/>l' flwydfll-par J0!l·!'a to compo~e the

mnyt'd-pa

mind to perfect rest, for meditation, fr<|.:

/iniyiiiii-fiii abyor-ba id. (?) mny<iin-duadv. (col. *nydm-po*y c. dan: together with,

in company of, bld-ma dan nydm-du Or//v//.s

</>/.s-.w/ Mil. ; nm (/ait tnnydm-du a-baV'//////.;

col. *im <l<tit nydm-po soy* or merely *nydm-

po soy* come along with me! *nyam son-

te* going along with; nyi-ma sdr-ba <l<n'i

mnydm-du with the rising sun Mil.;

col.

*(Jul ilat'i nydm-po* in walking, ambulando;*fen dan nydm -po* in taking it away (it

\vas broken); *Kur-pa nydm* (to send some-

thing) by (with) a cooly. mnyam-med,

mnyam-brdl unequalled, matchless; mi

iinii/dm-pa I. unequal, '2. uneven. pyag

(or lag) ynyis mnydm-bzay-tu yod-pa both

hands laid together on the stomach, mnydm-/>:(>(/ pydy-ryya-can id. mnyam-pa-nyid,

- equality, parity; impartialityjustice.

mnyed-pa, pf. and imp. mnyes, fut.

mnye, W, col. *mnyo-ce*, 1. to rub,

between the hands or feet, e.g. ears of corn;

one's body Tar.; esp. hides, hence to tan,

curry, dress; ko-ba mnyes-pa a tanned

hide,

dressed leather;

*sed dan nye- ce*

W. to rub in or into with force. 2. Cs.

also: to coax.

innyen-pa, W. *nyen-mo*, flexible.

pliable, supple ; soft, smooth, of the

voice frq. ;of the mind Dzl.

; mnyen-par

bycd-pa to make soft, smooth, flexible,

^yur-ba to become soft, of the skin etc.

Med. ; mnyen -mnyel - ba to make soft by

tanning Sc/i. --mnyen-mnyes ysin -pa to

caress, to fondle Sch.

mnyel-ba 1. also ynyel-ba, to tan,

to dress (hides) Sch. -- 2. resp.

for ndl-ba to get tired J*f/t.

mnyes-pa, resp. for dyd-ba, in more

recent writings and col. for the

tlt/yt'x-l>a of ancient literature, to be glad,

to take delight in, ccd. -. to be willing, to wish,

often with fugs ; mnyes-par l>i/<'(l-i>ato make

glad, to give pleasure; e.g. to the king by

presents Glr., to Buddha by worshippinghim Glr. mnyes-bsm-pa Lftr.r., Sch.: to

love much; to be rejoiced :it.

195

mny6-mnyo-can W. fondling,

petting, pn'i-'in-l a child.

rnift'i-ln, uni/ii-ln. several wild-

growing species ofPolygonumMed.

mydn-ba C*. = bxdl-bu, to rinse: H

to suffer diarrhoea, myan-ndd diar-

rhoea; rnydn-pa diarrhetic stool; rnyd/i-

ma, jrnydn-ma id., ni f.

arp-'xr' myan-niyi/'t, worn-out clothes, raqsCT V> / '

"

O5.

&3T myan = ynyan wild sheep, argali.

myab-mydb-pa to seize or snatch

together Sch.

myas, sometimes used for brnyas.

iu, nyin-nu* (cf.

v rnyon) \ . snare, for catching wild

animals, myi Odzug-pa to lay snares, also

fig. --2. trap, pur-myi mouse-trap (con-

sisting of a flat stone supported by a little

stick (pur-pa). 3. net Sch. (?).

t'nyin-pa old, ancient, of things, e.g.

clothes, y&ar-rnyin new and old;

mdr-gyi yi-yc myiti-]><i-rnams ancient re-

cords Glr.; brda-myin the ancient ortho-

graphy Zam. ; Lo-myin = na-nin last year

Wts. ;dra/t-sron rnyiit-pa the old rishi, i.e.

the well-known, of long standing, opp. to

a new - comer Dzl. myin - ba vb., pf.

brnyins, to grow old, yos brnyiits old clothes,

lham bmyiiis old shoes Lc.r.; rnifiii-lntr

^gyur-ba id.; myin-bar hi/ed-pa to wear out

or away in a short time Dzl.

^r-ir myHi- may

n. of the most ancient

sect of Lamas, clothed in red, v.

Kopp. ; Schl. 72; rni/in-ma-pa one belong-

ing to this sect.

tj-.jM-

myid-pa, pf. bmyidy (byrnyis, fut.

'

ijnyid, 1. to wither, to fade, also fig.

2. to grieve, (vb. n.) Sch.

", 5^* myil, 'W/AA *"-'*w.'/'A the gums.

rnyil-l>a v.

c -j' rni/i'd-pa I. vb., pf. brnt/cil, brnyts,

y^ fut brnyed, (^R?) to get, obtain, ac-

quire; to meet with, find. />' .. ' .. tV,, , ,,dn-

mind to perfect rest, for mcditution, frcl';IlIIly«m_pa Wydr-b« id. (I) - n"'yu"HluIIUV. (col. "1l!J1i1ll1J1.") c. dmj: tORctlJer with,ill cumpnny of, bid-fila dUl' lI!Jdm-du o!I''OIJ1'(1t;'~11 Mil.; 1/10 (/(1" mnydm.dll"e{-ba 1'lIgy.;col. ",jCI (tali 1Iyum-lll')'Qlj" or merely 'fly/lm­

]'0 'Of.! cOllie along willi me! '1I!J01/I so/i­tl' going lliong with; "!li.,M lidr·ba du.inHlydm-(11I witb tile rising sun Mil.; col.'(lui du,i llyum-]!()" in walking, lIlIlbulando;·(en dmi 71.ydm -po. in taking it away (itWIlS broken); ·/lUI'-}!O llydm· (to send some­tiling) by (with) " cooly. - 1/IIl!lllm-'IIlM,1ml}jam .. ural unequnlled, matchless; flii

m11yom1)(1 l. ullequnl, 2. uneven. - Jlyug(or log) myis IImyam-/):ug_tu ~11)(l hothbands laid together on the stomach, ,mWffm­b:ug fJ!JdtrIY!lfl.~all id. - lllt1yulIIiJa-nyid,~1'IT, equality, pnrit)·; imllnrt.iality,justiee.

~o/)'=J' l1m!JM.-pa, pf. nnd imp. tlln!p8, fut.nm!J!:, W. col. ·nm!Jo.U·, I. to rUb,

bet"'een the hnnds or feet., e.g. ears of corn;olle's body Tar.; e~p. hides, hence to tan,curry, dress; I.:d - ba tlmye8 - po. a tftnnedhide, dressed lenthel'; ·it!d da,i n/l_ ¥'W to rub in or into with force. - 2. C".aho; to coax.

5.t];a=J· IIlnyin-pa, W: ·1l~n·71IO·, flexible,F\ pliable, supple; soft, smooth, of the

\'oiee frq.; of the mind D::l.; mnylll.p''''b!Jhl- pa to make soft, Sntooth, flexible,o!!!flir-ba to become soft, of the skia etc.M«l.; J/lnye>l- m11!JN - b{I to mnke soft bybUllins: &11. - m11ye>'-?llIlyes rMn-,m toCllrcss, to fondle &11.~r04·.q· 71l11y~l.JJa I. also )'tIy~l-ba, to tan,

to dress (hides) &h. - 2. resl'.for il(il-ba to get tired HI..

~'l"r mllyI8'pa, resI'. for (/9ri-ba, in morerecent writings nnd col. for tbe

(ly.lJll-pa of ancient literature, to be glad,to take delight in, ccd.; to be willing, to wish,often witlt (lIg,; 1111l.'JI8.pa,. b!JM-pa to makegbd, to gil'e pleasure; e.g. to the king bypresents Gk, to Buddhl\ by worshippingIJim Glr.-mll!Jrs-/)Shl-pa I~t.r;r'li &/1.: to101'(' mudl; to be rejoiced M.:i I'

195

~~&)' mny<l-""nyo.tan IV, fcmdling,petting, l""'-flu-Ia a child....·ar f.l'i:f rnyu-lo, 'll!j(i-lo, Kyeral "'ild­

'9 , .., gro1\'ing !lpecies of PolygollulJiMNI.

~'C'.:::r 7'1lyd,j-ba ~•. - bW-bo., to rinn; lY.to suffer duurhoell, rt,ywt-mill diar­

rhoea; rn!Jdli-po. diarrhetic 8tool; rtl~dli­

mo., T1lydn-ma id., ni f.~C:~C: r1IyUli-rn.'liii, worn-out clothes, rags

C•.

~. rnyan - my"'1 wild Ilheep, argali.

;.q·;:.'::I'.::r 'NIya6-17I!1d~ to seize orsnateh.., .,,' together Sen.

~~. l'TlJJm, sometimes u~d for Vrnyo•.

to· ~. rnyi, 8nyi, W. -1/.'1iu, 11y1,j-liu- (cf.~, .., r1Iyo.i) I. snare, for catching wildnnimllls, my; "d':ug-pa to Ill}' snAres, alsofig. - 2. trap, fritr-nl!Jl' mousc·tmp (con­sisting of A flat stone supported by a littlestick (pur-pa). - 3. net Se/,. (?).t'C::'=J' n'!p,i-pa old, ancien~ of things, e.g.~ clothes, (WI'- nl!Jili new and old;~ildt'-fl!J; yl-gt r1Iy(,i-ptI-lTlQlM nncient re­cords Gir.; ["'da"'-"!J;'; the nncient ortho­graphy Zam.; kJ-1'Tlyi1/ - 11a-m1i last }'eI'f

\rtf.; dI'Qli..r'lb, myt;'-pa the old rishi, i.e.the well-known, of long ~mnding, opp. \0a new· comer D::l. - ,",Igill - ba vb., pf.[,,71.'1;118, to grow old,~ IJf1ly;"8 old clothes,'/'a711 brnyiiu old shoes Lu.; nl!Ji;'. bardI.IfU,··ba id.; I'Ilyiil_bar b!JM~pa \0 ,,'car outor l\Wl\)' in l\ short time D:Li:c::'~' 171!J"i.ma, u. of the nl06t Ancient.., sect of Lamps, clothed in red, ,'.Kopp.; ScM 72; rtl!Jill-lIla-pa one belong­ing to this sect.~"'=J' ''1lyfd-pa, pf. brll,lfl<i, (b)rIl1Jf', fut'9'1 !l'lyid, I. to wither, to fade, ,,1:;0 fig._ 2, to grieve, (vb. D.) Sell.

~I:.r. ~. "'!JiI, "I!Ji~ 8IH·ll!,.I, the gums.

~~'.q' l'tlyfi-JJa Y. IIlgil.lm.

i"...=J. "".r/M-pll J. ,·b., pf. brll!J«l, bl'll!JN...,1 fut. [,,'t1ytlI., (~) to gel, obtain, IC­

quire; to meet with, find, n, C., frq.; gtiil-

196

rnyog-pa

nas <rnyed where did you get that? Dzl.,

also: whence shall I get it? Dzl.] mi

rnyed-du mi ritn-no it must be got or pro-

cured by all means Dzl.;nas rnyed I ob-

tain; rnyed-par dkd-ba 7^fo difficult to

be obtained, found, or met with, frq. ; sdug-bsndl dan bsdos-te cos rnyed-pa to purchasethe acquisition of religion by suffering tor-

tures Dzl.;zas dan skom ma myed-de hav-

ing nothing to eat or to drink, frq.; don

myed-pav.don; da ni re-ba rnyed-do now

my hopes are realized Dzl.; gri rnyed-pas

as he found a knife Dzl\ skabs rnyed-pato find an opportunity Dzl.] btsdl-na yanma rnyed-de not finding it in spite of everysearch Dzl, (W. *fob-ce*).

II. sbst. <5fTO profit, gain, acquisition,

property, goods, rnyed-pa mdn-po rnyed-pa

(or *fob -ce**) to gain much profit; bdag

rnyed-pa dan Iddn-na mi dga if 1 have

got some earnings, he envies me for them;

often in conjunction with grdgs-pa and

similar expressions : riches and honour. -

rnyed sdu-ba, myed-pa prog-pa Sch.: to

make booty, to plunder. myed-bkurLex.,

prob. riches and honour. --rnyed-nor v.

fob-nor.

myog-pa (cf. nyog-pa") vb., pf.

brnyogs, fut. brnyog, 1. to trouble,

to stir up C's. also adj.: thick, turbid. *cu

nyog-pa* W. 2. to rub one's self, kd-

ba-la against a pillar Dzl. (snyog-pa).-

*nyog(;-pa)-can, nyog-po* 6'., troubled, tur-

bid, dirty; myog-pa med-pa clear, limpid,mfso Wdn. rnyog-ma dirty, muddy water;

mud, mire, rnyoy-ma-can muddy, miry.rnyogs Lt. ? rnyogs

- fsdd a disease

Mod.

myon seems to be the same as rnyiLexx.\rnyon-ba, pf. btwyons, fut. brnyon

1. Cs. : 'to ensnare, entrap'.- 2. Sch. : 'to

stretch out'. I met with rnyon in the fol-

lowing expressions, not satisfactorily to be

explained either by 6s. or by Sch. : rkdn-

pa rnyon Lex. ; dku ma rnyons Lex.;

lus

rnyon-ba S.g. ; frq. ; yyal-myons S.g. ; mgul-

rgydb zug dan rnyon S. g. ; rnyons- fsdd

Mng.

snydn-pa

snya-ndn v. ynya-ndn.

*

snyd-lo v. myd-lo.

snydg-pa, col. for snyeg-pa; also in

Mil.

snyags Lex. w.e.;C. = dbyans music,

harmony.

jr- snyad malicious or false accusation or

v '

imputation, snyad Odzug-pa (W.*tsug-

ce*) to bring in an action against, to pro-

secute; *nyad du-ce* W., *nye' ko-wa* C.

id., esp. to irritate, to provoke another, byaccusations; snyad Oddgs-pa id. Glr.; snyad

Oddg-pa, W. *ddg-ce* to clear one's self of

an accusation, to refute it; snyad byed-pac.dat. to use as a pretence or pretext Glr.',

*nye' co1

(or ce^) tdn-wa* C., *nyad-se tdg-

ce* Ld. to weary another by too great

punctiliousness, ni; *nor-nydd co-ce* W.

to extort money by false accusations, la

from; snyad med-par without cause, pre-

tence, or provocation Thgy. ; *nydd-zer-can*W. one that makes false accusations.

snydd-pa, pf. and fut. bsnyad, imp.

snyod, to relate, to report, e.g. lo-

rgyus a story Pth., rmi-lam a dream Dzl.;

ytam snydd-pa 1. to speak, state, inform,

give notice (W. *hun tdn-ce**). 2. Cs.: 'to

rehearse' (?).

r* snyan 1. resp. the ear, rgydl-poi snydn-' du fos it came to the king's hearing

Glr.; snydn-du zus or bijod they told or

informed him Pth.; snydn-du zun listen,

pay attention, give ear to! Pth.; snydn-du put they sang to him or before him

(lit. they made him hear) Mil (cf. sub

snydn-pa)] snydn-(gijis) ysdn-pa to hear

Mil.; snyan -ysdn bebs-pa to give ear to

one, to hear one Cs.; *nyen-zu Obul-wa* C.

to address a superior, to apply to him;

snyan- kun the ear-hole; snyan- dbdn the

organ of hearing 6s.; snyan-sdl the lap or

tip of the ear 6's.; snyan - prd zu - ba to

slander, mi mi-la to calumniate one per-

son to another. 2. = ynyan argali.

ga

?

' snydn-pa ^nn - sst< renown,

glory, fame, praise, rumour, Ky6d-kyi

100

_ my«} where did you Jet that? D::J.,also: whence shall I get it? 1>:1.; ",i7'7Iyid-d. ..m nUi-Jio it. must be got or pro­cured by all meaDS Du.; ~at rnYftl I ob­tain; rnyid-par dkd-hc ~ diffieuh 10be oowned, fODOd, or met wiu., frq.; «l~g­

o..til doli;~u &. nlyid_pa to plll'thftM:the acquisition of religion by liuB'ering tor­tures Dzl.; ZIU dail '*om ma rllybl-de hav­ing nothing to eRt or to drink, frq.; dOli

myid-pa v.dem; da 7li rl-ba f'7l!Jid-dO nowmy hopes are realized Du.; !lri ""yed-plUM be found a knife D:1.; 1Irah. rn!Jid-pato find an opportunity D:l. j blIdl-na yali"'II N1yid4 not finding it in spite of evel)'search IkJ.., (1V. ·tob-h).

II. sbit. lin{ profit, gain, acquisition,property, goods, myld-pu tNdli-po m!J«l-p4(or ·(06 -~ to gain milch profit; MIA!!ntyld_pa daN ldaJl-Jla Wi; aga if 1 havegot lOme earnings, he envies me for them;often in ConjgDCtion ""ilh !f"ti!J3 - pa andsimilar expressions: riches nv.d honour. _.r1lgM Idil-ba, myM_pa tfr6g.pa Seh.: to

wilke booty, to plunde!'. - f1I!1td-bl..-urLu.,prob. riches nnd honour. - 'I'1lycd-nfJr I',

fob-nOr,

f~::r r1Iydg_pa (d. lIy6g-pa) ,·b., pf.brR!JO!l', fut. bn/!JOg, I. to trouWe,

10 .tir lip (~.; also adj.: thick, turbid. °tu"yOg-po.. w: - 2. to rvb une's self, hi­ba-lo against a pilla.r Dd. ('1I!Jdg-pa). _·1I!f6g{-po)-hl1l, llyOg-fH'° C.. troubW, tur­bid, dirty; rR~p<JW1id-fKJ clear, limllid,fff(1O lVd... - TJI!Jd!r-'mD din)", muddy water;mud, Illite, rny6y-mIJ-to.n muddy, miry.ft~ rN!JOfII Lt.' 1"II!JOfII- (.u.d a diseast

Mol.~. rnywi seems to be the lIalne fLS ,."yi

LU.E.;11IyOiI_ba, pf,brnyoil., fut. brny(»il. Q.; 'to ensnare, ent.nlp'. - 2. &1,.: 'to

stretch out'. 1 met with rtIyoil in the fol­lowing e:s:pressions, no' stlusfnctorily to beeJplaiueU eithcr by l.i. or b)' $clr.: rl:u..._ptJ myoH La.; ell... "(I rtIlJOQ La.; llUrRy6iHHJ. 81/.; frq.; 'f!ItJ1-rwyJif. 81/.; tngJJ.l­rYNlib :lIg dlJJi rnyo.. 8'9'; T7tY""'- (MidMJig.

f("F' mya-'ltbi 1". f71ya-tldJi.

~-af 'NyJ-1o v. ntyd.Jo.

~:.r mydg-ptJ, 001. for myly-pa; also inMil.

~~. m!JU!J3 La.w.e.; C.-dbya,;, wusic,.') 1- barmony.

~~. myad malitio... or labe acculaUon orimputation, myad .iku!f1JIJ (lV. 0/aug_

a-) to bring ill an action against, to pro­secute; °nyad Ijil-h- lV., °n/p' ~·d-1M· ('.id., elip. to irrilAte, to provoke another, byaccusations; myad odd~}JtJ id. Gir.;.nyoJoddg-pa, w: °dilg-uo w dear one', self ofan kew;a.tion, to refote it; m!JtUl byid--pnc.da!. to use Q a pretence or pretext GIr.;O"y,' ~' (or l':t') tdlt-tc.- C., o.yad..,i Iu.trU' Ld.. to "eary another b}" too gnotpunctiliOUSlless, ni (; °nor-nyOO (6..«' lV.to uton mOD<l)' by false aceosations, fafrom; .nyad "tid--pnr without cause, pre­tence, or provocation T"!JlJ.;·nyad-U7'--((lno~v. one thnt makes false accusations.

f.l'-';:J' nl!Jdd-ptJ, pc. and Cut. 63l1!Jud, imp..') '"!}OO, 10 relate, to report, C. g. to­'Y'JUa II. story Ptn., rmi-lam a dream D:l.;ftam ,"ydd-ptJ I. to speak, state, inform,gi"e notice (lV. -Jilln tali-i':?). '? (i.: 'torebCN'lle' ('I).~~ f1I:JtJ. 1. reip. lJle ear, 1'f/ydl-poi #I!Jd••.., dw (at it came to the king's hearingGIr.; ."yci1l_du hi.a or tn;od they told orin.fonned him PtA.; rnym. -d. ;:iUf li8t~n,

pay a~tion, give ear to! Ptlr.; n.,ydll_d. fnd they WIg to him or before bim(lit. the)' made him henr) Mil.. (cf. 8ub,",yan-pa); ,nydn-(syia) pdn-pa to hearMil.; myan-rsdn lHba-pa to give ear to

one, 10 hear one C•. ; °n!lfn~=u .bul-wa.° Gto ruldress a superior, W IIpply to h.im;.nyan - A:vli the ear-hole; nlyan-dbdil theorgan of bearing Q.; myan~dl the lap ortip of the enr C,.; myan - frd zli - ba toslander, ""i mi-l. to cnJumniate ooe per­80D to another. - 2. - J'"!Jtffl argali.

~.:r .llyU1I-pa (~ l. sbst. renown..."", .... praiIe, I"UIIOlIr, flJdd-fyi

197

<;very part of

the world rings with thy praise; dt-'i >////<;//-

IHI r;/i/<i/t-ti<ts f,,* Mil. liis praises are heard

far and wide; <V.s d< :i

sHi/thi-jin />/)<></-,'/',',

thus speaking praisingly of him Mil. : gfc.

pai tini/<in-f>a-la rtin-nas owing to a ru-

mour of this purport Mil.] ces snydn-padan grdgs-pa ?en-po byun so was said far

and near Mil.\ del snydn-du to his praiseMil.

(c-f. viyan). 2. adj., W. *nydn-po*,

well-sounding, sweet to hear, of voice, words

etc.; *fsar-ndh-la nydn-po* W. pleasant to

the ear; also: dge-sl6n dbyans rdb-tu snydn-pa a monk having a \vell-sounding voice

Dzl.', fsig snydn-par with pleasant words

Dzl\ snydn-pai fsig-gis\A.\ low, not loud;

snyan-skdd also C.: elegant, well-sounding,

poetical language; mi snydn-pa 1. unhar-

monious; 2. offensive, insulting, yanzigbddy-la rtsod-tin mi-snydn-brjod he who in a dis-

pute says to me insulting words; mi-snydn-

par zer-ba ddn-du len-pa to put up with,to pocket offensive remarks. 3. lamentable,skud mi snydn-pa zer-ba to utter lament-

able cries, plaintive tones, also of animals,Dzl.

; ytam-snydn(-pa) \ . good, joyful news,

glad tidings, bycd-pa to bring them DzL,Mil. '>. a pleasing talk, conversation 6s. (?)-

snyun-grdgs v. grdgs-pa. snyan-rgyudoral instruction of the Lamas, = bka-rgyud.-

xni/an-(d)ndg(i) v. nag. 3. vb. to

praise, extol, glorify, stod-biii snydn-jxir

grdgs-te he extolled him in songs of praiseDzl. (?)

snydb-pa to smack with the lips

Sch.

snyam-pa 1. vb. to think, suppose,

fancy, imagine, bddg-aty riii-po-ce

btan (better: ytan} snydm-mo we think wre

shall give jewels Dzl. #A% 16.; na Iceb

dgos snydm-nas thinking, I must seek death

(v. 1Mb -pa) Pth.\ yon- tan dan (d<ht-j><ti-

snydm-ste fancying to be possessed of ex-

cellent qualities DzL - - 2. sbst. thought,

sense, mind, feeling, cos byds-na sni/dm-pu

ydn -gin yda (cf. na III., 2) we have a

mind to renounce the world Mil.] simi-

larly: ^jigs-so snydm-pa yod re-skdn I am

far from any thought of fi-ur .I///.: mo.stfrq.

snydin-du f/nanut he thought in hm miod;sniiani-biinl: /;,//, *n</<i ,-/,,/,',/ I

,/ thoughone may imagine that it will help .!/./ :

arises a feeling like that of nausea, like

that of being beaten, of being (tightly)

wrapt up, Med.

J* snyi v. rnyi.

sy

1. adj., also myI-bo, *nyi-mo,

myin-po 6s., *nyin-tf W., soft smooth.

to the touch; tender, delicate, of the skin;

easily broken or injured; loose, crazy, not

durable, not strong or stout, of cloth.

ropes etc.; not hard or tough, tender, of

meat, rendered so by beating or boiling.- 2. sbst. softness. - 3. n. of a plant.

SJ'SJQT W^fjW corn of luxuriant growth^Sch.(?)

cv^

T<T snyi-ma prov. for snye-ma ;also Glr.

stiyi-yan-ka-tya ,and 8nyi-#an-

yur-rta, names of mountains

in Nepal.

snyigs-pa degenerated, grown worse

6s. snyigs-ma (cfiMKj)1- impure

sediment, mdr-ayi in butter; </<//;.s myigs

Jbyed-pa to separate the clear (fluid) from

the sediment Jl/!?</.-- 2. the degenerated

age (iron age), prop. snyigs-(mai) dus.

fr-.8ny/i. (^gj)

the heart 1. physically,

also snyiit- /, s;^///

-ga, resp. Ty

(-l-a); also the breast; 'nyiii-ka pdr-rarag* W. I feel my heart palpitate; snyiit

Oddr-zin cyul the heart trembles (with fear)

Doniaii; bddg-gi It'ts-hyi snyiii Ittir yte* as

dear to me as my own heart Glr. -

2. intellectually: the mind, sw///// </</</ -ha,

xnyiit ftde-ha gladness, cheerfulness; snyiii

dan mig j>rog-pa to transport, to ravi>h

Sch.; courage, snyiii ma cttit big be not

afraid! sentiment, feeling, will, 'nyitisdg-

po cd-te ma tag* W. I have not broken

it wilfully; *Ka dan nt/i/i tiui dc - tt1*

\V.

hypocritical ; *nyin-sthn <//i-/>o* W. sine-

candid; in a more general sense: snyiit

yddn-gyis bsliis the heart is infatuated by

."yall_pel p!J09' /nil/' !I"OO' every part ofthl' worltl riugs witlL lilY praise; dli '''!/fin­1)(1 ryydiHlu, (01 Mil. !lis Iltllises IUC !Jeardf,U' and wide; c'" rM IlIgdll-pa br)dd-ti,jthus spc"kiDg IJrnisingly of him Mil.; 'Ct••pal lIlydniJ«-la ,'tb,-nl1, owing to l\ tu­mOUf of tllis purport .Mil.; til I1l!Jali -]XI

,Iuli gni!!*_pa Cb"'110 '-'!luff so WPS said fnrIUld nent Mil.; de; 'IIYUlI-du to his prtliseAli/. (cf. '"Y'l1l). - 2. adj., W: ·1l,1Jan-po'.wellolounding, sweet to heaf, of voice, wordsetc.; ·(~Io.n,jri-lu Il!fdn-po" ,v. Illensnnt tothe eAr: IIlso: dge-l!.6,j doyal" rob-tu !1lydll­pll Il monk hlwing a well-sounding "oiceD::I.; (,ig '!'.!fllll-par with !1!ensiUlt wordsDd. j SlI1/dn-paJ f3ig-gU id.; tow, not loud;I'JlyulI--M:dd I\lso C.: elegnnt, well-sounding,poetical langUAge; 1/Ii Illyan-pa 1. unhar_monious; 2. offensive, insulting, !fUJi zifJbddg­la rt36d-N,j mi-81Iydll-b,-jod be wljo in a dis­pute says to me insulting woros; mi-8l1yUlI_par ::e,.-ba dd,i-du lin-pa to put up with,to pocket offensil'e remarks. 3. lumcnmble,,I;ad mi 81l!Jdn-po ::&-ba to utler lament­nbl~ cries, Illaintive tones, also of nnimnli:,D::l.; rtm11-8I1Ylhl(-pa) J. good,joyful news,glad tidillg~, b!ftV-pa to bring them D::l.,Mil. 2. Il. plcnsillg talk, conversntion C,. (?)- 8/I.'Ju'Il-grd[J8 v. grufj8-pa. - ntyull_rgyltflornl instruction of the ].jnmtlS, _ b1m-rgylJlI.- 811!Jtl"-(ll)ftdg(.) v. 1;ag. - 3. vb. topraise, edol, glorify, .1&1- n,j .,tydtt _pa,.[lrtig.-te lie extolled him in songs of praiseDd. (1)~.::r'J' ,nydb-pa to smack witli the li[ls.., Se!l.

~;.j''J' 'lI!Jdm-p<1 I. vb. to think, suppose,faney, imagine, bdag-cfl!! ri,i-po-'fe

blUJi (betler: rtmi) sll!Jdm-mo we t1liuk: wesh.lI give jewels D=!. ~lJ\', 16.; ,fa lCt'bdgot '/I!Jum-no, thinking, I Dlustseek deAth(v. Neb-I'a) [:>tI,.; ydtl-tmt dan lilrill-pu"8t1!Jdm-8le fancying to be possessed of ex­ccllcut qunlities D=!. - 2. sbst. thought,sense, mind, feeling, c(If bydNlll 81l!l'im-paydl'- g;1l rda (d. 110. III., 2) we bare"mind to renounce the world ~Iil.; simi­larly: J~qNO "1.lJdm-pa yod re-!JltH I lUll

fir from lIoy thought off(!ar Mil.; 1D00t ffll'II/yam-Il" Imull, he tbou~llt ill hi. wind;'".IJ1I1II-byNl; ~m .,lYfll/l-b.'l't1 k!Jll;' tllOugllolle mlly imllKille that it will helll Mid.;d"Y"!J.l'l.I, [mlU/i., dJ.·n" .nYUI1l-bylit therennses a feeling like llJat of naU5eIl, liketoat of being b('lltCII, of being (tiglltly)wrapt up, Mcd.~WUl!;! v. my;.

W':r 'Tlyi.btl I. adj., also m!Ji-b6, myi_lIlI),",yh~_po u., ·n!pll-ft" W., soft, smooth,

to the toUell; tender, delicate. of the s.kiD;easily broken or injured; loose, crazy. notdurable, Dot strong I,r stout, of cloth,!'Opes etc.; Dot IInrd or tough, tender, ofment, rendered so by ucntillg or boiling.- 2. sbst. softness. - 3. n. of :l. plant.

El'~' 81l.'Ji.pM com of IU:lUtinnt growtlJ.., '<i &h. (?)

~'e:4' 8Il.'l;.nt« prov. for ,"ye-lIIa; also GIl'.

El'+F'''T1" IIlyi-lJwi-J."U-tytl, lind 811yi.J~P't..., .... flU" - rta, IJllmes of mOUDlltmsiu Neplll.

.lI.:q..~'.:J' '"!Jig'-jJ4 degenerated, grown worse'9 C,. III!Ji[J8--ma (~) I. impuresediment, 1/1(11' - 9.'li in "utter; dan. III.'Ji!flob.'JI.V-pa to sel'llrnte tlle c1enr (fluid) froll)t!le sediment Med. - 2. the degeuerfttedage (iron nge), prop. 811yifp-('l1Im) (/u••

§:;c: 81lyi,j (~) !he heart 1. IlhysiCll.Il)",'9 "Iso III!Jilj - 1m, m!Jin -9u, res!'. (u!fI(-A:a); also the breast; '''yilt_lm Ix;"-rarag· IV. I feel my lle"rt plllpitAte; "'!Jii..dd,.-zi,i o!fUl the beart tren,b!(!S (widl fear)Doman; bddg-gt' I",-A!!, ,"yi,; ltOI' y«- ll'!

dear to me as my own l,e"rt Glr. ­2. intellectually: !he mind, myi,j (lgd-ba,lIl!Jili bdt-ba gladness, checrfulue;;s; .nyiMdail '/I/i{; oftt'dfl-pa to tl'llusport, 10 raYish&11.; courage, 811y11i JIln CuM ng be not!lfmid! sentimC'n1" feeling, will, ·H!Jl",;.g­]XJ Cd_tt ma cag· W: I ha"e 1I0t brokenit ..... ilfully; ·JlII do,j "giii fila ~/J - u· Jr.Ilypocriliea1; ·"!/l·';-IIffI Iltlli-l'0· n~ !liueerc.candid; iu " more genernl sense: 'HyI"iYl61t-gJ/l" 61111' tile bellrt if infatuated b)'

198

snyin

a demon Glr.;even madness may be at-

tributed to the heart Do. - -snyin

- nets

1 . heartily, zealously, earnestly, e.g. lookingfor or to a thing Dzl.

; snyin fdg-pa-nas with

all one's heart, most earnestly, devoutly,

e.g. to say one's prayers Thgy. 2. actually,

really, Kon snyin-nas mi Jbyin-ba yin really

he does not sink! (the water actually bears

him) Mil. 3. v. myih-po.

Comp. and deriv. snyin-ku \. nyin-Ku.-snyin-Kdms courage Sch. -

*nyin-tdgKol* W. my heart's blood is boiling (with

anger etc. ) snyin-dgd v. above.

snyin-can courageous, spirited Ld. *nyin-

cu zug* W. afflicted with dropsy in the peri-

cardium, hydrocardia.--

snyin-rje, repp.

fugs-rje (qp^r) kindness, mercy, compassion,

mi-la snyin-rje sgom-pa to commiserate,

to pity a person Mil.; snyin-rjes fcydb-pa

id. with respect to a great number of beings,

to embrace with affection Dzl.; snyin-rjes

non-te overpowered by compassion; *nyin-

ze fsor-ce* W. to have compassion ; snyin-rje-

can, snyin-rje dan Iddn-pa compassionate,

merciful Dzl. : snyin-rje- skad lamentation,

a cry of compassion Dzl.; snyin- rje -mo:

1 . Kyod snijin-rje-mo ran zig Odug you are

much to be pitied Mil. 2. col: dearest,

most beloved, amiable, charming : also snyin-

rje for snyin-rje-mo, snyiti-rje mdzd-bo mypoor little friend. --

snyin-nye

- ba,

col.

*nyin nye-mo*, friendly, amicable, loving,

affectionate; friend; friendship, snyin-nye bu-

mo a woman connected by friendship with,

a woman, the friend of (a sick person

mentioned) Lt. snyin-ytam a confidential

speaking, for exhortation, consolation, or

encouragement; brtse-bai snyin-ytam affec-

tionate exhortation Glr.; pdn-pai snyin-

ytam useful admonition etc. Mil. snyin-

stobs courage. snyin- dod-pa to wish, to

desire, to long for, za-snyin- dod-pa to wish

to eat, to be craving for food Thgy. ; Ogro-

snyin-

Odod -pa to wish to go.--

snyin-

rdun-ba palpitation of heart Sch. *nyin

dan (etymol. dubious) co-ce* W. ccd. to

interest one's self for, to take an interest

in. snyin-sdug W. liked, beloved; darling,

snyin

favourite, e.g. a child; nyin-dug sig dug*W. he is a general favourite; *na di nyiii-

dug co dug* W. I am very fond of this,

it is my favourite (pursuit etc.); but snyin-

ma-sdiig bad people Mil. --snyin nd-ba

1. = snyin-ndd. 2. 'heart-sickness', grief, on

account of injury suffered from others,

curable only by indemnity paid or revenge

taken. snyin- ndd disease of the heart.

-snin-po (*TTT, 1^) *ne cme^ Par% main

substance, quintessence, e.g. the cream of

the milk Med.;

the soft part of a loaf,

the wick of a lamp Dzl.; frq. fig.: the

main substance of a doctrine, a book etc.,

don -snyin Jbyin-pa to give a summary,the sum and substance (of a writing);

sems-can tams-cdd sans-rgyds-kyi snyin-po-

can yin-na if all beings have the pith and

essence of the nature of Buddha in them-

selves Thyy.5,8; the Ommanipadmehumis called the snyin -po of religion Glr.

;

snyin-po-med-pa worthless, null, void, snyin-

pos dben-pa id. Tar. 185,2; de-bzin-ysegs-

pai snyin-po the spirit of Tathagata Was.;

snyin-po-byan-ciib- (or byan -cub-snyin-po)

-la mcis-pa to become Buddha Thgy.\

srog(-gi) snyin(-po) Obul-ba Mil. frq. to offer

one's heart's blood, to pledge one's own

life. - -snyin

- rtsa (col.) the great veins

connected with the heart, perh.=

snyin-

lun. --snym-rtse the tip or apex of the

heart, mentioned by Mil. as a particular

dainty (perh. only by way of a jest).-

snyin-brtse-ba, resp. fugs-brtse-ba, vb., also

sbst. and adj., not much differing from

snyin-rje: love, pity etc. frq.; Dzl. : bu-la

snyin-brtse-nas ;t'ams-cdd-la snyin-brtse-ba

yin-na\ de-dag-la snyin-brtse-baipyir \snyin-

brtse-bai sems skyes-te etc. snyin- t'sim

contentment, satisfaction, sometimes also

pleasure felt at the misfortune of others

Ptli., snyin-fsim Odebs-pa to manifest such

an enjoyment.--

snyin-fsil the fat about

the heart 6s. --snyih-zo-sa v. zo-sa. -

snyin- rus, resp. fugs-rus (ace. to Mil.:

snyiii-gi rus-pa ton-par gyi& let energy and

diligence arise in you); firmness of mind

(heart) i.e. 1. diligence, zeal, perseverance

198

~. 81lyiti

:l. demon Glr.; even madness may be at­tributed to the heart Do. - $Ilyiil - lla~

I. heartily, zealously, eamestly, e.g. lookingfor or to a tbiog Dzl.; myiit friY-p1.t-71Wl withall one's heul't, most earnestly, devoutly,e.g. to say one's prayers TllgJi. 2. nctunlly,renlly, fOli ~7Iyiil.1l(u mi ",bybi-ba yilt ronnyhe does not sink! (the water actuall)· bearshim) Mil. 3. v. suyin-po.

Compo and deri'l. 811.~bi.Au \', Ulj(u-I.'U.

- 811!li,,-lid1ll8 courage &1,. - -nyi,i.{ of!I/o!" W. roy heart's blood is boiling (witllWlger etc.) - 8l1yi,i. dgd V. 3bo\'o. ­slIyi,;-clm cClurageous, spirited Ld. - -It!!i,,­Cu ~ug* W: afflicted with dropsy in the peri­cardium, hydrocardin. - sn,l/('" J'ji, resp.(,ig8-tje(~) kindness, mercy, compassion,'mi-la MI!fbi.rJe sg6m-lJa to comnlisernte,to pity a person Mil.; ~ll.!Jj;'-rjes ~,.,tdb-pa

id. with respect to It. great number ofbeings,to embrnce with nffection Dzt..; nl!J/;,-r)e3nan-te overpowered by oompassion; *".'11;'­~e (~6r~e' IV, tohave compa.ssion; f'IIylii-rjt­cutl, any/li-r)e (la" idull-p« compassionate,merciful Dd.: 3ny/,i-l'je-s~'ad Inmentation,l\ cry of compnssioD D::l.; sllyi,i-ljc-mQ;I. RlIQd sll,l/ili_/je-mo' "«1; ~i[1 cdug )'ou aremuch to be pitied Mil. 1. coL: dearest,most beloved, amiable, charming; also sllyiJi­,ye for ~1l.vi';-IYl'-mo, slly/it-Qc 'l'Jv.hu-oo mypoor little friend. - SJI!p" - nye - 00, col.-n.Ifl·,i n:ye-mQ-, friendly, amicable, loving,affectionate; friend; friendship, sll.lfiti-u.r bU­'l'Jwa wom:m connected by friendship with,a woman, the friend of (a sick personmentioned) Lt. - 8l1ybi-rtam a confidentialspeaking. for exhortation, con$(lll\tiou, orencouragement; brtse-bai sll,I/i,i-ytam affec­tionate exhortation Glr.; Jiun _pal 8'I1yili­rt«m useful admonition elC. Mil. - s,lyili­8to~ courage. - sllyiii-iMd-p« to wish, todesire, to long for, ztN'I1yiii-c(ldd-pa to wishlo eal, to be craving for food Thyy.; ,.j/ro­sllyi,j _cwxl- pa to wisll to go. - snyiit­rdiiJ,-1Ja palpitation of heart Sell. - -uyindan (ctymo!. dubious) Cd-i:c· W~ ecd. tointerest one's self for, to take Il.I1 interestin. - sllyi,i-sdJ,g W. liked, belov,~; darling,

favourite, e.g. a. child; llybi-dilfl Mg dug·lV. he is a general fn\'ourite; "';a dl llyill­dlifl i'(J dwf ~v, J am very fond of tiJis,it is my f:l.\'ourite (pursuit etc.); but 8llyili­ma-sdug bad peorle Mil. - t1l!p',i nd-baI. := 8Ilyi,i~nurl. 2. 'hearl-sickness', grief, onRccount of injury suffered from others,curable only by indemnity paid or rc\'cngetnken. - 8lllliii - fla(Z disease of the heart- In i,i-po (ll"R:, 71li) the chief part, mainsubstance, quintessence, e.g. the eream ofthe milk Med.; the soft part of a Ion£,the wick of a lamp D:d.; frq. fig.: lhemain substnllee of a doctrin(', a book etc.,dOll - suyili cbyin -lXl to give a summary,the sum and substance (of a writing);semS-CUll t«1Il&-ltid lanl-rflyus-k.'li Sllyf,i.po­Call yill-llG if aU beings have lhe I,ith andessence of the IUllurc of Buddha in them­selves ThY!J. 5, 8; the Ommanipadmehnmis called lhe $'llyU -]io of religion Glr.;slIyl"-l'o-1IIM-pa \\'ortlJless, lIull, void,sll!J;'j.pus dW:II"'1!11 id. Tal'. 185,2; de-b'Zill-yUga­pai 811.'1ili·po the spirit of TatMgnta lVas.;sllyi;'~]io-b!Jwi-c;,b- (or byan.. CUb-Sllyi,i-po)-fa mal -lla to become Buddha. TlIgy.;srog{-[fI) SJlyitj(-po) cillil-OO .J.Ilil. frq. to offerone's beart's blood, to pledge one's ownlife. - lillY;'; - rtJlt (col.) the great \'cinsconnected with tlle hcart, perb. - 8111/i,,­lwi. - anyhi-rtse the till or al,ex of tbellCart, mentioned by Mil. as a particulnrdainty (perh. only by way of It jest). ­li'1l!liJi-brlsb-ba, resp. {;,gs-1JrtslJ-ba, "b., alsosbst. and adj., not much differing fromIlly;,i-r)e: love, pity etc. frq.; Dd.: bu.-ittsllyin-bl't8e-Jla8; {am8-(~ud-la tmyi,i-htse-baylll-lIa; de...lag-{a MI1/I,i.brtse-baipyir; allyi;,­brtJe-bai 8{'m3 8~'Yfs-te etc. - 311yin - (simcontentment, satisfaction, sometimes alsoplea~ure felt at tho misfortuue of others1't!l., slIyi".{slm cdcbs-pa to mn.nifest suchaD enjoyment. - snyi,i.hil the fat aboutthe heart G. - nl!Jlfi-..w-iia v. :d-~«. ­Illyl,; - rUs, resp. (uga - .,.,is (acc-:- to Mil.:s'/lyhi-yi "Hs-pa (On-par Wis let energy anddiligence Mise in you); flrmness of mind(ht'llrt) i.e. 1. diligence, zeal, perseverante

^>,'

~"

Mil. and ('. '>. courage W. snyiii-r,-r),'

(,s///////-/y<', with re placed between, v. n}the poor man! the poor people! either

-landing absolute or as predicate to a

preceding noun: r//-rw///.s.s//////;-/v-/yr' these

(people) are indeed much to be pitied

.I///.; kyod-ran . .

<lzin-pasnyiii-ri'-ijt>yQ\\

(would) comprehend that? poor wretches

that you are! Mil.; even as an adjective:

sems-can snyin-re-r)e the poor creatures!

frq. ; xnyiit-re.-ijS-bai&dig-can\he lamentable

sinner! snyin-rlun Sch.: 'low spirits,

melancholy, mental derangement'; I met

with it only in AJil., as signifying heart-

grief, deep sorrow, e.g. snyiii-rlun drdy-poid<tii great affliction is caused. snyin-

lam-na Sch.: 'in one's mind'. *snyin-

lun* W. the heart, liver, and lights of a

slaughtered animal, the pluck.--

snyin-subs pericardium.

snyin- ba W. to swell (in water),

*lum nyiit soil* the soaked barleyhas swollen.

'^J* snyid-pa prob. = myid-pa Pth.

snyid-mo Lex. the sister of a wo-

man's husband.

*Hifit;/>tf

'. duration, continuity, time

Cs.;*tt////r/-o';tV; continual: >//'///-.sy//;.s /.,./. protracted, lengthened out

Ol myu<j*-xl>nil lizard M,.

~P"> snyin -po, snyin -te, v.

snyi-ba.

snyim -pa(-yufi) a measure

for liquids, as well as for

flour, grain and the like, as much as maybe taken up by both hands placed together.

snyil=

rnyii

snyil-ba, or rnyil-ba, pf. and fut.

bsnyil (cf. nyil-ba) 1. to pull or

throw down, to break down, to destroy,

houses, rocks etc.; pye-mar snyil-ba to

reduce to powder Lex., Sch. --2. j>yir

(bskrad) snyil-ba Lex.; Sch.: to expel,

banish, exile.

mrT sn!J^iJ-p<l

->

also smyug-pa, pf. bsni/ugs,*fut. bsnyiig, to dip in, to immerge.

S)i.'/

liy - m<*>->

more frq. sniyitt/-wta,

reed, rush, bulrush; iwyu<j-yu reed-

pen; snyiig-bzo basket-work of reeds l*th.-,

bamboo.

resp. tor nad, W.

C- disease, illness, sickness, /^><>//-/..//

>///-

la snyun mi m/id - am is your Majestywell ? Glr.

; snyun-du mdze byuii Glr. leprosyarose to him as a disease, he was attacked

with the disease of leprosy; anyuit mdzes

btab id. Tar.; snyun-yzi = ndd-yzi.

snyun -ba I. vb., pf. //*//_/////;>-, fut.

bsnyun, 1. to make less, to reduce,

to diminish; Sch.: to disparage. 2. resp.

to be ill, sick, indisposed; fugs snyun-baimi people that are disagreeable, annoyingto others Mil.

II. sbst. 1. the state of being ill, illness,

indisposition.-- 2. 1 1", awl, pricker, punch;

also snyun-bu.

snyun -snyun, skii-la snytin-i/yis bzufi

he was taken ill DzL; snyun Odri-ba

Mil., rme-baSch, ysol-ba DzL, snyun- <lri

zu - ba Mil.,

to inquire after a person's

health; to wait on, to pay one's respects

Dzl. qj&, 16.

5j(T'r snyun -pa, pf. and fut. bsnyun, to*

be ill, to labour under a disease.

4M'nr- snye-fan a village and convent near

Lhasa.

54*3" snye-ba, pf. bsnyes, fut. bsnye, imp.

snye to lean against, to rest on, rtsig-

pa-la against a wall; to lie down, recline,

repose on, mdl-stan-la on a bed, s/ids-la

on a cushion or pillow; *gydb-nye* col.

a support or cushion for leaning against

with one's back. - -snye

- Kri v. Kri. -

snye-stdn, snye

-Jbol pillow or cushion to

rest on.

jTr-xj- snye-ma, also snyi-ma, 1. ear of corn.

2. corn forming ears (v. l/dn-pa),

wye-ma mig-can fruitbearing ears, *><

16/1* W. empty ears; *nye-ia fan* W. the

com blows, is in flower; *// cii</-jnt*1 '.

to thrash, *nye-cdg-gi <///'-'/"* an animal

used for treading out the grain. .//<?-

dr diseased ears. mye-fny6-=snye-ina 1.

.11iJ. And C. 2. courage JV. - uyiti-re-rji(myln";t, 'If\'ith rt plaoed betlfet:D, 'to rt')o Ute ptor IRan! tbe l.IOOt people! either-.tlUlding absolute ()I' All prediute to Ilp~ling Doun: .(Ii-Nll,"" "f!,..;,·~,.fttheM;(pooille) arc indeed much to ()e pitied.\lii. j bpl-rmj ... •lkin-JIa'llyiit-py.,jiyou(",'ould) oomprehend that'!' IlOOt wretc1.e!lthat yOli are! Mil.; c,'cn AS I'D ndjective:IIm,-M1/. lnyj/'.J't_r)J th", poor crcnturcs!frq.; 81l!Jj,j·re-rj~bajlJ(lr'g-hm the InmclItabicsinner! - .nyi;' - r(w; &1,,: 'low ,;piri15,mcJAllcholy, menial derangement'; I metwitll it only in Nil., AS signifying hearl·gritt, deep sorrow, e.g. ,,,!"';'-rl;,,' drUg-poldcu; great amiction is caused. - myiti­1((,,,·_ $elf.: 'in one's mind'. - ·myiri­1M;" W the hearl, liver, And light.;; of aslaugillcred anirotJ, the ptuck. - '''!fiil­_libf pericardium.iJr·.q· IRy;'" - 6a lYo to swell (in wluer),'9- -lum "yiii .oilo the soa.kcd b:l.rleyhas l:lwollen.

~~.t1. ulyid-pa prob. _ "l.yid-pa 11lt.

i1~'5f 311!Jid-mQ Lu.. the sister of l\ wo-~ mM'S husblUltl.

§)~''J' ."gin - pa, 6/~yin - po, an91'11- U, v.'9 'Jlyl-ba.EJ~·.::.r(:fF") 'Jlyim -lKl(-gwi) a measure'9 for liquids, as ~'dl as forflour, grain and tbe like, as 111I1cll llS mal'be taken up by botl. hands p)l\Ced together.

~""..r myil - "'!Iii.

lJr...r.::;r .nyiUH!, or rn.yil-ba, pr. and rut~- btn,yil(c£. llyU-ha) l.to pull orthrow down, to break down, to destroy,house~, rooks etc.; }Iyt _mar 3n!Jil- ba toreduce to powder Lt~" &11. - 2. p!Jir(Wnld) 311yil-l.m I.•u.; &/,,: to expel,banish, exile.<f.l=ftl· 'JI!J~!J-l)(f, al;;.o 6/1I!Juf/"prI,ll£. b811lJ'1!JS.::z. rut. btJlYlIfJ, to dip in, to immerge,

t;':rrcJf 1I!Jf'!J - _la, Olore rrq. alllytuj - Hla,"'" reed, rvsh, bulrvsh; 'HyWfrlJI' rced­pen; tI1IyUg-hzo basket_work or roed.'J J'lh.j.nyw~;;' b:unOOo.

III'J

n'V '''!IN!!' r..: dntion, etntinllity, IiIM'" C.. ; -"ylty-t--C oontinual;n1~,i,.. Lu. IK'Otrac~, kagthened OIIt

~"'l"a~ m!J'",p-«xid ..... M.

W~: '"ywi, resp. for Jlad, iY. -"ytlit-z"'1i-,"'" disease, illness, Iiclulen, bt.(,n"P"iJ.:..­la anYUlf "Ii "";t; - am is your Maj~ty

well? Glr,; anyilil-du nul:ebYUfi GIl'. leprc.yIltOse to him 1\5 a disease, he "'IUS attaeked'!I·itb the disease or leprOf;y; 6/1!fNio ""dztlbtab id. Tar. j a1ff/l,,;-,ti - nud_,ti.

~'.:::r aTlff"n - ba I. vb., pf. b.n9"~' ruL"'" /M"!fI'ii, I. to make less, to rtduce,to diminish; &h.: to disparage, - t. resp.to be ill, sick, indispostcl; (.. .,.,.,.. -6tti'lNi l~ple that aT8 disagreeable, annoyingto others MiL

11. illst. 1. the stAte or being il~ iUnta,indisposition. - 2. W awl, priek~, punch;aJso any';';'-lm.~~. anyu,~ =- .nyuit, a.l-N·la 'IIyim'"9!fi1 b:wli:z he wns taken ill Dd.; .ltyun odri-lJaMil" NnC-ba &/1, )'adl-ba D::.l., 811!fl;1I-tlri~u -ba Mil., to inquire nrter a person'sheAlth; to wait on, to PI\Y one's ti!speeuDzl. {.(¢, 16.~~'r '1Iff"1I-pa, pro And rut. b8l1y~H., to~ be ill to labour under l\ dise~.

ir~' .ttye.{f/li _ village and convent near.., ),hasa.

it.::r ..yUa, pro haNyea, rilL huiyt. illlil..., 17t~ to lean against. to rest on,~}j(~-ia against l\ wall; to lie down, recIint,rtpcse on, mdl-dllIl-11I on a bcd, ..a.-/4011 a ('u"hion or Ilinow; -fJ!IU6 -71~· col.ft sopport or cushion ror IClIning .gainstwitll one'. book. - "I~ - In' ". C·ri. ­'Il!l~ - 'tdn, a,,!p - .bdl pillow or cushion torest on.W~' 8n~lIla, abo "'Yi-Jlltl, I. ear or {'orn..., 2. com lormill!l ean (y. Va..· p4),'1f~lIIt~ tJli!J-can fruitbeanng e:trs, o"ye.Mit° 11'. l'ffipty e:loTS; -Hyt'-IIlR {()H.- W. lhecom 1I1o..,s, is in nO'll'er; -,.~ ;,j,)-I>(I- C.to thf&lib, -"~(Ug-gi (lAlj'-tjo- an lUIiJUlused ror treading out lbe graia. - ,rt!/'­(lblt:~ e-.rs. -1Jt!/'-tftJO-...!Ji'-- J

200

snyeg(s)-pa'T snyom(s}-pa

-pa, pf. bsnyegs, fut.

bsnyeg, \my.snyog(s\ W. *nydg-

ce\ 1. c. accus. to hasten or run after, to

pursue, frq.; also with r)es-nas, rjes-su,

rjes-bzin-du, pyi-bzin-du; ran- gro-sasnyogs

hasten towards your aim! Mil ; snyeg-sar

snyogs Lex. id.; bsnyeg-tu, or snyegs -su

Odon-ba to walk hastily, to make haste

or speed Dzl. 2. to overtake, snyegs ma

nus-pas not being able to reach Dzl. -

3. c. dat. to hasten to some place, Itdd-

mo-la to the play Mil; to rise, yndm-la

rising up to heaven, as a flame, Glr.,a

cedar Wdn., frq.; to strive or struggle for,

to aspire to, n&r-la riches, sde-cen-la in-

crease of territory, zin-Kams-bzdn-la the

region of eternal bliss. snyeg-ma pursuer

Dzl

|N$f' snyegs straight, stretched out Sch.

ri_._. snyen -ba 1. inst. of rmyen-ba, to

v stretch Mil --2. also snyens -pa,

resp. for jigs -pa, vb. (pf. bsnyens, fut.

bsnyen) and sbst., rgydl-pos ma snyens sig

do not be afraid of the king! Dzl

ff-snyed I. the crupper attached to a

' saddle Sch. II. = tsam: 1. Odi- snyed

(-cig}, de-snyed(-cig} so much, so many,

frq.; also for: how many! e.g. . . . yon-tan

Odi-snyedmnao how many excellent qualities

has . . . ! Dzl; ci-snyed,ji-snyed how much?

how many? also snyed alone (examples

v. sub bye-ma).-- 2. after round sums:

about, near, ston snyed, also ston ji-snyed

Mil about a thousand.

snyen-pa Cs.: 1. to come or go near,

to approach, gen. bsnye'n-pa. 2. to

gain, to procure, inst. of rnye'd-patf).

snyem(s)-pa 1. vb., pf. bsnyems,

to be proud or arrogant, to boast,

na-rgydl snyems-pas to be swollen with

pride Dzl. ;mfu-rtsdl (to be proud) of one's

strength Dzl. 2. sbst. pride, haughtiness,

snyem-pa-can prideful, proud, snyems-cun

1. prideless, humble, affable, kind, col.

*nyom-cun*, and *nyam-sun*. 2. poor,

indigent C.

v. snye-ba.

snyo-ba sometimes for smyo-ba.

snyoy-pa, or bsnyog-pa, secondary

form of snyeg-pa, esp. when sig-

nifying to wish earnestly, to crave for or

lust after, also Ka-snyog-pa Cs.

I^T snyod,=

go-snyod, caraway.

snyod-pa I. pf. bsnyad, 1. to draw

out and twist, as in spinning Stg.,

C. - 2. Cs.: to tell, to relate,= snyad-pa.

If. pf. bsnyod, bsnyos, fut. bsnyod, to

feed, to give to eat and to drink, ccapir.

snyon-pa I. 1. pf. and fut. bsnyon,

to deny, to disavow dishonestly, 7M, 2; ^, 8 to assert falsely, snyon byed-

pa @ir , 2. *nyon du-ce* W. is said to

signify the same as *nyad du-ce* v. snyad.

II. inst. of smyon-pa.

fya'sn}Jb-pa, pf. bsnyabs, fut. 6swya6

1. to Stretch out, e.g. the hand, Lex.

_ 2. W. to reach, by stretching one's self

out, to arrive at, *nyob mi fub*.

"

snyobs snyoms Lex.

>Lex-

= '

?^: L L weari "

ness, lassitude; laziness, idleness,

Im snyoms- lei - ba yin one is exhausted

and dull Med. ; snyoms- la nul - ba to be

tired and exhausted. --snyoms -las 1. in-

dolence, unconcern, esp. religious indifference,

Glr.', snyoms-las byed-pa, or drdn-pa Glr.

to be lazy, indolent, indifferent; snyoms-

las-can adj. lazy etc. Glr. -- 2. Sch.: an

idle person (?).

II. col., also Mil, inst. of snyems.

fut. bsnyom, to make even 1. to

level, /was a place ,Z>2/.

;sd-/a snyoms-pa

to level with the ground, to demolish Zte/.

2. pan-fsun to equalize different things,

to arrange uniformly, zas one's meals, i.e.

not cold and warm promiscuously Thgy.;

to level, to reduce to an equality of con-

dition, Itogs-pyiigrich and poor (according

to the principlesof the communists) Glr.\

similarly bu-lon Tar. 74; fams-cdd-la

snyoms-na bdag kyan snydms-par mdzad

200

W'l(~y:r ..y<g(.}-pa

m(~)"'f "'.Yt!IC.~ -pu, pr. t.n~, fut.'I) , bm~, Imp.IJlVO'J{'), lv. nydg­h\ I. c. llWUS. to huten or run after. topursue, frq.; also with rlh· '/WI, 1)iI. 'H,rjt.-lJHn-dIt, pyi-Min-d",; roic-"gni-Ian-!JOfj'bMICp Wl\-ards your aim! Mil; 3r1!JIg-«Jr$n.lfOiJll~~. id.j lAn~·t., or .n~.lUorWic.ba to wnlk hastily, to make hnsteor speed DzL - 2. to overtake, mylgs lilanUI-peu UO~ being uble to reach D::l. ­3. c. dnt. to hasten to some plftce, /tdd-­mo--la to the play Mil.; to rise, mam-/ari~iDg Ull to heaven, as 0 flame, Gb-" ..cedar Wdlf., frq.; to strive or struggle fOf,10 aspire 10, ndr-la richCll, tde-Cbl-la in­creMe of territory', Sli-lolfU-b=dic-la theregion of e~rnaJ bliss. - m!fl'g-ma pursuerj),/.

~~ .n~ stratght, stretched out Sd.

ih:'.:::r Iffy/Ii - ba I. inst. of rrn!lbi - 00, to'I) - stretch Nil. - 2. also m!JilN.[XI,

ref'I'. for JitJI- pa, vb. (pr. benyen., ful.btllytli) and shst., 'Yydl-JJO! 'rna .n!l~id ii!)do Dot be afraid of the king! Dzl.il~' anyed I. the crupper nttached 10 II.

~ saddle &k Il. - um/I: 1. .di.'''.1Jld(-.lig), dt-,nyM(.cig) so much, so many,frq.; also for; how many! e.g.... ydn.tan.di-anyidnuiao how roMy excellent qualitiesbas ... ! D:L; ci-myid,Ji-tnyid how much?how mlJ:lY? .bo mytd alone (e1.amlllesv. snb lJ,Ji-7IIa). - 2.•fter round SDID.!I;

about, near, Ito" '''JIM, also .m,. ji.,.,.yid.Mil. about a lhollSADd.ii.;.Jf m!Jht-pa Q.: l. to come or go near,'t) to appnlacll, geD. btn~. - 2. togain, to procure, iDst. of rnyid-pa{?).

iiJ.l'(~r'f '71!JI:m{.}pa 1. ,·b., pf. bl71!Jeml,." to be proud or arrogant, to boasl,,ia· "!lydl m!Jhn& - pal to be swollen witllIlride D::l.; lIlftl--rudl (to be proud) of one'ssLrcogth D::l. - 2. IIbst. pride, haughlineu,mybn.pa-<an prideful, proud, ",~eti..1. prideless, bnmble, .ffable, kind, col-"!/I:un.CiH-, and -"yam-ili"-. 2. poor,indigent C.~~ m!p v••~.

f::r .~ sometimes for 'JJlyO-ba.

-'En=t "'!JOg-pa, or lA"yOg-pa, secoodary~ T~ form of negiy·,IO, esp. ",beD &ig.nifyiog to wish earnestly, to crave (or orlust after, 3180 fa.-an!Jd!rpa C•.

v~: .i1yod, := go-I71yOd, caraway,

if..·tf "lyOd. 1'" I. pf. benyad, 1. to draw'I) ') out nnd twist, !'S in spinning SlfJ·,C. - 2. C•. : to tell, 10 relate, - .n!Jild-pa.

II. pf. blnyod, bI,,~, fut. blrlyud, tofeed, to give to ellt o,rHl to drink, <<('In·r.

W~.:r .ny6tt -1/(1 l. I. pf. and fut. lmtyon,·.,-1 to deny, to disavow dishonestty, lJ:1.?JS, 2; 'JlP,8 to assert falsely, mp byid·pa Glr. - 2. -"p {/•.W" W: is said tosignify the same u -n1jtJd rf...«" .... •"yod.

I I. insL of 'lfIy6n-pa.

N".::r.:r '''Fpa, pf. "trtyabl, Cul. bmyab~- I. to stretch out, e.g. the hll.Dd, l..a._ "1. IV. to reach, by stretching one', selfout., to arrive at, -nyob mi tub-.

f~~ 311yOO1 ... !11~ L/,z.

"'4(~ ' 811yom(I), J.Jt,z. "" ll'f1I{ 1. 1. wear!·?j" ) ness, lassitude; laziness, idlenelS,lIlA .1I!J01/l,(J·lCi - ba !J1'" one is exh.usledand dull MM.; nlydIN - la liill- ba to betired lI.Dd exhausted. - .rtydrm-lal I. in­dolence,unconctm, es", religious indifference,GIr.; tnyOlrlI-ltu 6#-pa, or dnill.pa Glr.ttl be lazy, indolen~, indifferent; my6tM­la.I.hlrt adj. lazy etc. Gir. - 2. &A.; 11II

idle person(?).II. col., also -'IiL, inn. of "'!Jl11I"

~(~)".:r ntydm(.}pa t. vb., pt. blnyotly,'1)- . fut. lwt!JOnI, to make eveD 1. tolevel, rnaa a place, D::I.; .d-la mytim.-pato level with the ground, to demolish D::l._ 2. pan_flun 10 equalize different things,to arrange uniformly, ::aI one's meals, i.e.oo~ cold aDd Wll.nn promiscuously T!f{}y.;to level to reduce 10 ao equali~y of con·dition, ~py;,g rich and poor1aooordingto tbe principles of the communists) Glr.;limilarly 1Jt,.&m Tar. 7'; {anN· eM-la."pw._ Wag hjlJ;' ."y6....par md::tul

uy6l-ba

I \\i-~li to be treated fuirly like anyoilier people />;/. Av

;A

f

-A> xnyi>ms-i><i to

regulate (a matter), to manage or direct

(a business) justly, uniformly Glr. snym-<//i ///,</, lie lias nnt his likeZte/.; */m/

iit/iiiii- la* C. always uniformly, without

variation.

II. sbst., also btati-snyoms, evenness,

or calmness of mind, equanimity, myoms-

/KII- }"!/-/> to assume it,= sems mnydm-

l>,tr />:<if/-pa}v. mnydm -

pa. snyoms-

juy byt'd-j>a 1. id., 2. euphem. for /r/v-

l>,i */>i/<>d-pa. mgo-sny&ms impartial Mil.

- sny&ms-po equal, even, uniform, e.g.

in every part equally thick.

snyol-ba, pf. and fut. bsnyal (cf.

itydl-ba) 1. to lay down; to bed a

person, to assign him his couch or bed

I'f/i.' *tu-yu mdl-du* C. (to lay) a child

on its bed, to put to bed; *nydl

- te zdy-

pa* 6'., bar - ce W.,

to lay or put down,

opp. to lan-te etc., to set or place upright,

to set on end, e.g. a book. 2. fig. : *me

nydl'ica* C. to put the fire to bed, i.e. to

scrape it together and cover it with ashes;

spu snyol-ba to smooth down the bristling

hair, i.e, to abate one's anger; ca?i, zo,

snyol- ba to allow the beer to ferment,

the milk to curdle, in a state of rest (un-

disturbed).

a^*n* bmyd-ba, pf. bmyas, 1. to borrow

? Dzl. %v, 12. 14; W^ 6. 2. to seize

by force, to usurp Sch.

J5^' brnya/i Lex. prob.=

i-nydn-pa.

"J' brtii/dd-fxt for bsnydd-pa.

^^*^' t

bmydn-pa Cs. to borrow; bmydn-

po borrowed; also fig.: borrowed,

retlected, yzuys-biiiydn (Lex. sna/i-brnydn)

a reflected image TrfTrf^nof frq.; also image,

picture in general; even a little statue

/'///.; I-mi - lam -gyi yzuf/s

- bmydn vision,

visionary image; sgra-brm/dn, JlfTI^JTTre-

flected sound, echo; mgo-biviydn a mask,

a fearful apparition Thgr. , myo - bmydn

itr<fOMil. 234. --

pyag-bi-nydn servant

001

br/iydn-poi yo C*. : 'a garni < nt

marked with the figures (ic) of the rain-

bow' lirmiii n -j><,i brni/<iK /.>.<. interest

for a loan, rent for things borrowed .

v

/tniyd/M-ini diligence, painstaking ;

to take pains Mi.

_^_..,P.. bntydx-fHt I. borrowed, v. brnyd-

ba.

II. 1. to despise, contemn c. dat., frq.;

ma bniydx .s/V/do not despi-' ! />:/. : l.rnyas

smdd-pa id. Dzl. -contempt, />rin/'ix-pa

bynl-pa, W. *nya-se tdy-ce*, ccd. to despise,

to treat contemptuously, frq.; brnycu-bcos

(Thyy. bmyas-cos) contempt, scorn.

l" bi'nyo/tx convenient, suitable M^

bsnyifjs-pa 1. to return, restore,

deliver up Cs. 2. sediment

__._.bsnifuy full Sch.; skyu-yah bsnyuy

^'

Lex. a full draught (?).

bsnyul-ba to wash Lex.

bsnyen-pa 1. to approach, to come

near, c. dat., also drin't-dti, kn-boi

driin - du bsnyen cig come to me Dzl. :

y&m-pa re-re bor-zih O ct-ba-la fanyi'n-jnr

Itar as with every step we come nearer

to our death Thyy.\ to join, to stick to a

person Dzl. 2. to propitiate, soothe,

satisfy, a deity Cs. 3. to accept, receive,

admit W.; bsnyi>n-j><ir r<lzogs-pa to be or-

dained, consecrated, frq.; c. las by T<u\

-<lyc.-bsnyen v. dye-ba.

--bsnyen -bkur

reverence, veneration, respect, />///-/ to

pay one's duty or respect, esp. to the

priesthood by various services, nd-la fan

pa byds-te Dzl. and elsewh., frq., also

hsnyt'H-zhi bkiii'-ba Glr., and *nyen kur-&

W.; bsnyen-bknr :>i-ba to ask penni<-ion

for performing such services Mil. bsnyen-

fa,n-itb priestly function, religious otlire.

esp. snags q. v. bsnyen -ynds fasting,

abstinence; bsnycn-yndt srun-lta, W.*znnt-

<V*, to abstain from food, to fast.

_rj_.j_. fatiyi'-r- bn to make grimaces or

v gesticulations

13*

/s<,l 1 wish \0 be uell.tcd fnirly like anyalh.., plIOlJle D:L )'I"; Ald·io ,,,yO,,,,.pt. 10rt'Kubte (n IUlluer), to man.ge or direct(1\ bll~inu ) justly, uniformlyGlr. - "'yOm­d" Itltfl, he hn:l nol his like 0:1.; • tfl!J

lIyJm -1/1· C. always uniforJDly. 'A'ithoutv:lrbtion.

11. sbst.. also btaJi-'ft'..{"" uennl'l5ll"" , ,or calmnm of mind, equanimity, myd"u.par J';!I-pa to a5!'UiUC it, - -'" ","!fCi".par b~dg - pa, Y. IIm!Jd'" -IN•. - .n.ytnfY­Jt.g bylf/-Jlil I. id., 2. eUII!lem. for ..frit;­pt. apyOtJ-pa. - 1HfJfN"!J6'- impartial .Mil.:- .fty6tfu _po equlll, ('\'eD, uniform, e.g.10 c\'er'J part tqully thidc.

tf..f.:::r .n!J6l-60, pro ,uld ful. '-!JUt (c!.lIydl-ba) 1. to lay down; to bed a

penon, to MSign him his couch or bedPM.; .{.-!IN' .".~U-J.· C. (to lay) • childon iu bed, to put to bed; ·"yll- U Z6Irl'U· C~. Mr. - i:e IV.. 1.0 lay or put do...n,opp. to laft-U etoe., to set or pl~ upright,to set OD end, e.g.• book. - 2. fig.: ._n!ftil-fca: C. to pu~ the fire to bed, i.e. tooSU1Ipe It togelhu nnd cover i~ with ashes'.~ ,/~-ba to Imooth down the brisLli~I.:ur, I.e, to abate one's nn_r' Cali ~~,,-, , ....,'Hy6l- ba to a110\\' tlle beer to ferment,tbe milk to curdle, in IL state of fest (un­disturbed).

~~:.cr t....nyd-ba, pf. brnyut, 1. to borrowJJ=l. qr, 12. 14; {V{,6. 2. to seize

by Corce, to usurp &1•.==!~l:: brnyuH. I.u. prob. _ '·"!lali-pll.

.q~~'.q' QI"I!Jlil/-,'" Cor lAn!Jdd.pa.

==l~.5;:.q' Q,·nydn.pa (8. to borrow; m'''!JIin-po borrowed; olso lig.: bOlTOWOO,

rellccted, TZlI!I'-hI71ydn (JA'~.•nlu(-Q,71yd,,)o.reneet~(l hURge lIftff1f1lf Crll'; 1~lso image,pIcture In general; el'eo " little stntucI:~.; 17I1( -111m _f/yi r~lI!/Il - bl71!Jdn visioo,vIsIonary im"jl;e; $fJra-bt'JI!}I-ln,~ re­flected sonn,l, ecl.o; nI!JO-b""Ylin IL mMk,i\ Cerui'ul llppnrition 'J'hfl"" '/190 -m."yaJllir-po &hl. 234. - p!lU!J-b'71yaJ'l senont

201

o. - ~!ldn -/JM fl()f fi. ~ 'a gannrntruarked WIth the ligurell (lie) of Ill!: rain­bow' - b""'ydn-l'of brn!JI1$ Du. inltcrNtCor a 100.1', ren~ Cor thin81l borrowed Sell..

.::l~~=r IWIl!ldb.-pu diligence, painstakint;tD take pains &11..

.q~~=.r brnya..pa 1 borrowed, 1". '-yd­ba.

ll. I. to despise, telntemn e. lIat., Crq.;JIUJ '-!Jlit 1;' do DOt despise! D:L i brnytfl.mdd.pa id. D:l. - contempt, brnya.-pabyiJ-pa, lIZ .,.!Jf'"Ji tlM~-, «d. too de"IIi~,

w tre3t contemptuously, CNJ·; 1mt!J<l'"'6io.(TAgy. br7P.!Jaf-&.) contempt, 1COnl.

~~~ br7c!JO'" convenient, suitable A..

~ ~:.r lAnyigs-pa 1. to return, rntort,?j deliYer up l:a. 2. ledimtnl

~§;>:l'f but!fN9 Cull &4.; tl~ - 9«;' '-!JW9-3 Lu. lI. full draugh~ (?).

~W'...r=r btJ'lyill-ba too w.h I..u.~

.::l~.:-:r btnp.pa L to approach, to comenear, Co dat., also Jritlf-dta, lJ..boi

d,;,;,-ds 6mfPI iii come to me DzL;gtim-pa rv:-1T /.ttX-SIi .Ci-ba-la '-~1~

liar lIS with eYery ~tep y,'e coruc De-.r~r

to our detlth TItfly.; 10 j,in, to stick 10 lI.

person D:l. - 2. to propitiate, I"the,satisfy. II. deit)· O. - 3. to accept, receive.admit lY.; bPt!ln-par n1:df1I-l'B to be or­dl\ined, consecrated, frq.; e. Ial by 1',r.- fJ~-btm¢n v. dgt-oo. - t.nynt.bi....,.reverence, veneration, respect, bylll-IXI to

pay ODe's duty or re.~pcct, esp. to thepriesthood b)' ,""rioussel\'i~", Hd-ItllAIIY;~

pa by/it- te D:l. lind e!!l(I'tI'Ii., Crq., alsobtJ,.ytJl.~il~ bldw..oo. Gir., and -"!}til *i4,-.u­IV.; b3"ylll-U",r ~t<-ba to Mk pcrrni~~ion

Cur performing such services Mil. - ht,,!!,,"­bsiJI'lib priestly function, religious offke,est). 61'/'9' q. v. - bI"yell - rmi. C.~tinp:1

abstinence; btJl/!ltII-)'>IIi.l "''/H-iH-, IV. -ZUNI_

U', to abstain Crom food, 10 fast.

.qiiJ:...~. hltJlyb' - ba to ntAke grinuWlell or?j gesticulalioll~ ri:.

1:1-

202

q* bsnyel-ba'

td-bag

"> to for9et; qfgbsnyel-med not forgetting or for-

getful, mindful; bsnyel-yso-ba to remind, qto put one in mind of a thing Mil. nt.

v.

bsnyor-ba, Lex. nets bsnyor-ba,ace. to Sch.: to sift barley.

?* to, the letter,cerebral

,

1. in C. | rupee = 9 d.,

v.

also fcod-tah (v. fcod-pa com p.). 2. a. td-kd, Hind. ^JT in W. imaginary

gold and silyer coin ^ 1]2 6 __ 3

?C01

^.money of account, - 2 paisa or w money in general

p^mr- C'rhc1 ti-ked, tri-ked card, ticket;

i-ka, tah-ka, Rpostage-stamp.

i-Ka, tan-ka,

Id. Different from it is

fT> FT

*

(fo, the letter<;/,

cerebral <i, >Ss/;. ^5.

da - ki C^fTeR^ Hind. : 'husband of a

a handle and two balls fastened to it bya strap.

am- ^ gen - *^'/, ^?*w^- ^T^ 5the post,

Juafctm, bnaKsp.) m j/V^i. prob.= Da- r

\ie er.r)OSt

^m, mU- gro-ma.^ ^ dan-di, Hind, ^r^, the beam of

.a-ma-iu, qa-ru, (JS*r^) < t I ! a a jr scaies . a kind of litter,

small tympan or drum, with

-ta, 1. the letter t, tenuis, French t.

' 2. num. fig.: 9. 3. inst. of btags, v.

ya-btags.

C'rn*^'td-ka-ri (Hind. rfTTfi"

scales, Ld.

td-ku W. stick with a hook, hooked

cane,

crutch;

*ta -ku- ru - ku* Ld.

crooked, contracted, crippled.

td-gir W. bread, esp. the flat bread-

cakes of India, commonly called

'cTiapdtee''; *cu-ta-gir* Ld. boiled flour-

common dumplings; *t'ul-ta-gir* pancakes.td-ba (Pers. LL) gen. *tao* W. a

flat iron pan without a handle!

td -bag W.

,far -

Jbag C.,

a plate,

*td-bag dal-ddl* W., *fer-fer* C., a

202

~~.~. 1M.IjiUm, u.=.: resp., to forget;.., lAngel-med not forgeuing or Cor·

gelCul, mindful; brn~l-rsd-ha to remind,to put one in miod of II. thin~ MiL nt.

~"",. '-''9_' UIlAlJOn v. •nyon.

~~~'.::r brng6r - ha, l.-tt.r. IU'U lIII1fyOr-ba.,"'i.., acc. to &!I.: to ~irt barley.

f (a, lhe leuer ~ cerebral t, &k. ~.

fllf ¢-hl, //ind. 'Z15T in W: imnginaryr':l. coin, money of n.ccount, - 2 puill4 or

1 d, - Different from it is

!Tn' r:c.'''l' ...c::,'f!' ,c::,'''l,/<1,i-ka, (wi-ka,\ -I' (' ,(', {a'i-fla, la,j.ta,

llind. 1Ilfl 1. in C. t rupee - 9 d., v.also T~l-tali (\'. Trotl-pa com II.). - 2. l\

gold :\nd silver coin Tal'. 112, 6. - 3.W. money in gcner.ll.

(Rj~', 3'1~' !i.l.m., I,-i_ktfl card, ticket;postage·stamp.

r da, the leHer ,,I, cerebral (1, &.1-, ~.

'?';- ~/ti. n (~ [Ji'f(/.: 'husbaod of ar':l. .Dam.i, Sltanp.) in .Ilil, prob. - Dd­kini, tIIld-.gro-tIfu.

r~-' ?'~' Ijti.IN4-TM-, 1d.rw, (~ •~, smaJl lympan or ci'Unl, with

II. handle and two balls fastened 10 it bya ;;t~p.

.::urr ~'4k, gen. °drayo, lJi",/.;~ the posl"; letter·posl-,.;~, 1aJ!. -1i, llvw.. ,..-m, the beam of( r a pair of seales; l\ kind of litter.

" ta, 1. the le.tter t, ten~is, French t. ­2. nuw. JIg.. 9. - 3. lDSt. of btafJ~, v.

ya-bto!J8•

,'1TJ'~' td·ka-I'i (llind. it(ICfi..l) commonscates, I..t.

,'''1' td·/tu W stick with II book, hooked~ caoo, crutch; °ta·.bt._,.w·ku° IA.

crooked, contracted, crippled.

,'~' IdiJir W bread, esp. the flat brend-cakes of India, commonly cnlled

'dul.pdt«; °Ctt. ta.gi," lAo boiled flour­dumplings; O(lil.la-gi," IllI.ncllkes.

,'~' iIi· ba (Pets, 4l.:i) gen. °/~o IV. II.

flat iron pan without" handle:

,'~::rr Id.bafJ W, (dr·iXJfJ C:, a plate,°1<1.009 tlal-dlil" w., O{t,'-/Jr" C" a