498

bzod-pa

pe tsa* manufactured salt, *zo-pe ser* arti-

ficial gold Wdn. bzo-bo = bzo-pa, bzo-bo

mKds-pa a skilful artist Mil.; bzo-byed 1. id.

2. imaginative faculty, imagination, ni f. bzo-

Ids work Sch.

.

bzod-pa (rarely bzdd-pa) I. vb.,

^j^, 1 . to suffer, bear, endure, c. ace.,

mig nd-ba ma bzod-nas not being able to

bear the pain in his eyes Dzl.', lusOdis na

mi bzod with this body pain, disease, cannot

be endured Thgy. ; sans-rgyds-kyitugs-r)e ce-

bas ma bzod-nas seems to imply: Buddha

in his mercy not suffering this, but checkingthe mischief; also c. dat. : ^jdm-po-laTmfeorfhecannotbear what is soft or smooth

Dzl.', ma-bde-ba bdg-tsam-la bzod-pa mi

byed-de getting so fretful through a slight

indisposition Mil. ;ltd-basmi bzod-de finding

it unbearable for his eyes Pth.; drdn-pasmi bzod-de as much as: so that he almost

lost his senses over it Pth.;bzod-tabs (or

bzod-glags)-med-par O byun-ba or Ogyur-banot to be able to bear . . . any longer, frq. ;

mi-bzod-pa or -bzdd-pa adj., unbearable, in-

tolerable, also irresistible; ma bzod-nas not

being able to resist any longer Dzl. 2.

to forgive, pardon,snan-cad fo- tsdm-pa bzod-

par ysol to pardon our former tricks is what

we beg Mil.;rtd-la ma skyon-pa bzod-par

bzes fsal that I did not request you to mount,this I beg you to forgive me Mil.

;bzod-

par fsol-lo byas kyan although she begged

pardon Pth.; skyon-rnamsye-ses-spyan-ldan-

rnams-la bzod-par ysol with respect to the

deficiencies I pray for the indulgence of

the very wise (readers); bzod-ysol byed-pato ask pardon, forbearance Pth.

II. sbst. 1. patience (Ssk. ^rf^O, bzod-

pa sgom-pa to exercise one's self in patience

Dzl. V, 12; but also, to have patience, to

show forbearance; bzod-pa bzes-pa, id. resp.

(v. also above I, 2); bzod-pa-can patient;

bzod-srdn unwearied patience; bzod-pa-cun

impatient Mil., bzod-med Cs. id. 2. in as-

ceticism: perseverance, stedfast adherence to

the four truths, constancy in pursuing the

path that has been entered upon, mi skye-

bai cos-la bzod-pa ace. to Was. id., being

at the same time no longer subject to re-

births, p. (140).-

Observ. So far as 'to forgive' implies

patience, forbearance, it may be rendered

by bzod-pa', but as the Scriptural view of

'forgiveness of sin' involves more than that,

other expressions, such as bit-Ion sel-ba,

must be resorted to with reference to the

latter.

'

bzob-pa Sch. = ysob-pa.

bzom hlb) carried on the back, to convey

water, v. cu-bzom sub CM.

'

bztd-ba v. zld-ba.

bzlas-brjod (cf. zld-ba II, 2);

zld-ba in a strict sense, is stated

to be the silent, brjod-pa the soft, yet audible

pronouncing of spells etc., bzlas-brjod signi-

fying both together; bzlas-brjod byed-pa to

mutter over Glr.; mu-stegs-pai bzlas-brjod

Brahmanical spell-murmuring Thgy.

J" bzlum-pa v. zlum-pa.

*

bzlo-ba v. zld-ba.

bzlog the contrary, the reverse, prd-ba-las bzlog sbom-po the contrary of

thin is thick Lex.

bzlos}v. zlo-ba.

o a, 1 . a letter peculiar to the Tibetan lan-

guage, which, contrary to I^J (q.v.) de-

notes the pure vowel, without any admix-

ture of a consonant sound. The difficulty

which attaches to the articulation of this

vowel, requiring an opening of the glottis

.98

Pf t!a" manufactured salt, .~pe 3tr' arti­ficial gold Wdli. - bzd-ho - btd..pa, b::o.bomidJ-pa a skilful artist Mil.; bzo-byJd 1. id.2. imaginative faculty, imaginaucm, oi f. - b»ids work &11..q~·.:r htdd-pa (rarely M:dd-pa) I. vb.,

",~, 1. tosulfer, bear, endure, c.acc.,mig lla-ha 111(1 bz6d-mu not being able tobear the pain in his C}'CS Du.; IU8 odi311ami bzod with this body pain, diseasc, cannotbe endured Thgy.; 3<lJi&-rgyds-Ky1"tit,gs-r)ell­lxu ma bzdd-1UU seems to imply: Buddhain bis mercy not suffering this, but checkingthe mischief; - also c. dat.: Jdm-]XJ-lamibzodhecRnDothearwhat is soft or smoothD::l.; ma-Ix/i·ba bd!J-tsam-la bzdd-fXl tnibyid-de getting so fretful through II. slightindispositioDi.\Jil.; lId-ba3mi bz6d-de findingit unbearable for his eyes Plh.; dnin-pa&mi bz&d-de as much as: so that he ulmos!.lost his senses over it. PIll.; bzQd-tabs (orbzc4-glaf/s}-7IIid-paf obY'Ui-ba or o9yUl'-banot. to be able to bear ... an)' longer, frq.;f1li~zQd-pa or -bzdd-pa adj., unbearable, in­tolerable, also irresistible; ma bzOd-nfU notbeing able to resist any longer Dzl. - t.to forgive, pardon,8Jian-lad (o-isdm-pa bzQd­par yBOl to pardon our former tricks is whatwe beg Mil.; rtd-la ma skyon-pa bzOd-pa1'bzesol8al that! did not request )'ou to mount,this I beg you to forgive me Mil.; bzOd­pal' rsdl-lo b!JfU kyan although she beggedpardon PtA.; !bJon-f7Ia7118ye-iJetr-!!pyan-ldan­l'1lams-la bzOd-par pol with respect to thedeficiencies I pray for the indulgence oftile very wise (refuIers); bZ4d-}'3ol b!led-pato ask pardon, forbearance PtJ~. -

II. sbst. 1. patience (&k. llftf~), bzOd­pa S9011lfa to exercise one's self in patience

C\ a, 1. a. letter peculiar to the Tibetan lan­guage, which, contrary to 1R (q.v.) de­

notes the pure vowel, wit out any admix-

D::L ,,', 12; but also, to hM'e patience, toshow forbearance; bzdd-pa bUs-pa, id. reSll,(v. also above I, 2); bzOd-pa-can patient;bUld-srdn unwearied patience; bzod-pa-Ctuiimpatient Mil., b::od-med 01. id. - 2. in as­ceticism: perseverance, stedfast adherence tothe four truths, constancy in pur.;uing thepath that has been entered upon, mi sk!le­bai eos-la bwd-pa acc. to Was. id., beingat the same time no longcr subject to re­births, p. (140). -

Observ. So far as 'to forgi\'e' impliespatience, forbeamnoo, it may be renderedby bzOd-pa; but as the Scriptural ,·jewof'forgiveness of sin' involves more than that,other expressions, such as bit-Ion sel-ha,musl be resorted to with reference to thelatter.

.q~.::r'r bzQb..pa Sck - fs6b-pa.

.q~bzomtub, carried onthe back, to conl'~.Y

water, v. tu-bzom sub Cu.

'ldJ·.::r bzld-ba v. zld-ba.

.q=~.~Y" bzlas-br)6d (cf. zld-ba II, 2);~ ~ 1 zld-ba in a strict sense, is stated

to be the silent, l)TjOd-pa the soft, yet audiblepronouncing of spells etc" bzlfU-br)od signi­fying both tobTCther; bzlw-br)dd byM-pa tomutter over Glr.; mit-sterJ8-pai bzla!-br)ddBrabmanical spell-murmuring Th!J!J.

.qdJ~·'r bzlum.-pa v. zbim-pa.

.q~::r bzM-ba v. zlo-ba.

~ bzWg the contrary, the reverse, prd­ba-l<u bzWg ~b6m-pQ the contrary of

thin is thick Lu.

'l~~ bZW3, v. do-ba.

ture of a consonant sound. The difficnltywhich attacbes to the articnlation of this"ow~ requiring an opening of the glottis

499

si-cog ,"'

before it is sounded, L miied ;i great

variety of pronunciation in the differentpro-\inrial dialects. Vide Phonetic Table with

it- explications. 2. numerical figure: 23.

^d-cag, Cs. we, v. ji-cay.

i't n. of a country Glr.

,"-''-"", with log-pa, Sch.: to per-

form somersets, to tumble over, to roll.

Q.'<3TUsJC"*a ~na

~!Ja" although, Sc/t.; ^a-na-

nm-na Sch. ; perfectly alike, having

a striking resemblance (?).

d-ma but, e.g. ^d-ma ma rjed cig but

do not forget ! ( .

-w* Set1 -'- 'shaking or rattling sounds'

cf. ^ur-jir.

nr* <a " 1- like yan }attached to conjunc-

tions, and corresponding to the English

ever, soever, after vowels, col. also after

consonants, e.g. nam-^an. 2 ^dn-sgra,bofi-bui Cs. the braying of an ass.

qr*m* ^dn-ke (not ident. with an-gi num-

ber), a mystical character, frq. oc-

curring in certain finical ornaments or flour-

ishes called sbrul-mgo, occasionally also in

written words.

!']* db-pa Ts. to bark.

s. angry -

ytum-po.

+'ir-lnt (lot, rgydb-pa to cast,

=rgyan rgydb-pa.

ar-^ur v. jtr-^ur.

*

^dr-yan also, too, likewise Sch.

j 1. num. figure : 53. 2. W. demonstr.

pron. inst. of Odi, this, also 'i-po.

q-t* 1. num. figure: 83. 2. sbst. kiss,^

v.^.0. 3. also.,0, Cs.: demonstr. pron.,

this, ^u-ni-ru, ^.u-nir, ^6-ni>\ hither; Ts. *><-

ahi* this.

<~s9ra Gl>'- noise of many foot-steps,

prob.=

^ur-sgra.

0/3*71* ^'^ 1" a^so <^~^a9 Glr.y ^6 -cog

Tlu/y., ^.u-bu-cag Dzl. pers.pron. we.- 2. chimney W.(?).

Q/SP]' ^u-tug Sch.:"

Liiderlichkeit, auch

yy'/J&TOfJ" 'w-^tk/*'; but in M7. *'un-fug co-cf

NS^ means to break out into a violent

passion, and *'un-fug-Kan or -can* angry ;in

C'. *mu-fug-pa* and *dug-(ug-pa* to be at a

loss; so also in MY.

O*^* ji-bu v. ju-caq.NO NO **

jn-ru-ru Sch. ur.

^u-luij compulsory post-service, the1

gratuitous forwarding of letters, lug-

gage and persons, the supply of the requi-

site porters and beasts of burden (also

more immediately these themselves), ori-

ginally a socage-service rendered to lords

and proprietors, government officers and

priests; in more recent times remunerated

and legally regulated in those parts that

are visited by European travellers; mi-la

^u-ldg skul-ba to impose such services, by

exacting porters etc. Pth., ^gel-ba id.; skyel-

ba prob. to forward by Ulag; (Cs. limits

the signification too much).

^u-su Lt. coriander seed.

^ug-pa, owl, Lt.; <ug-rgdn Sch. the

great horn-owl, ^ug^gu^-cun the

little owl; ^ug-mig owl's eyes (Cs. 'large

languishing eyes', Sch.: 'large protruding

eyes1

); ^ug-mig-can having such eyes, ^gmig-pa or -ma a goggle-eyed man or wo-

man Cs. 2. Ld. also for yug-po oats.

fug-sins v. sins-po.

jud \. Cs. swaggering, bragging, bom-^ ]

bast, fustian; ,</ <vr smra-ba to swag-

ger, brag, gen. *wnr se-pa*,C. 2. = yud

Thgy., jid-kyis, in a moment, instantly, sud-

denly. 3. command, order (?), Sch. : jid-

sgrog-pa to make known an order.

qq-q- ^ub-pa to sweep or rake together

\\itli one > hands, pan-pas ^ub-kyis

bsdus-te Pth. with the arms gathering all

into one heap.

the palace of the ancient

Tibetan king Thothori, Glr.

-,/// 1 . noise, din, clashing, cracking, roar

^ of a tempest etc., but also and not less.

32*

before it is ~ounded, has occasioncd " grellt"ariety of prollllllcinlion in tile ,Iitrerentpro­vinci," di"lects. Vide PllOMtic Tnhle withill> cxplien.tions. - 2. nwnerirtt.l figure: 23.

Q:~ .,d-~ng, C•. we, v• .,u-~tly.

a...~. ",a-N ll. of a counlry Gb·.

a..~.r:',. ",u-li-Ica, wilh ldg-pa, &k: to per­.::J form somersels, to lumble over, to roll.

a..."""'i!:.' ",u-Ull-ytl,i although, &h.; ",U-M"

11U1-nu &/1.; perfectly alike, havinga striking resemblance (7).a.'~. .,d-ma but, e.g. .,d"'lIIu ma Jjed 8[1 but

. do not forget! (il. ..~a.=,: ..a-ur &11.: 's:haking or rattling sounds'

"" cf. .,ur-.,ul'.a"c,- .,a'i 1. like yan, l\ttl\chell to conjunc-

tions, and corresponding to the Englishever, soever, lIfter vowels, col. also IlfterconsonlUlt.~, e.g. nam-.,an. - i ",aA"8gl'a,b,j,j-lmi 01. the bfl\ying of :m uss.QF....oTf. ",dil-ke (not ident. with ;;'Ii-gi num-

lIer), a mystical chal'ftCter, frq. oc­curring in certain finical ocnaulent.ll or flour­ishes called 8brill-mgo, occasionally \Ilso inwritten words,

c::r.:,j' ",db-pa T3. 10 bark.

Q.,~:::.r, a.=,:~' ",a~·-po, ",dr-can T8.angry­ytmn-po.

c:,,:;,:::r ..al·-ba C. lot, I'f/!Jtib-pa to ca~t, ­I'flYan "fIYab-pa.

a,.2\R."I{c'. ,,«""yon also, 100, likewise &J..

(;l' .,i l. nUIIl. figure: 53. - 2. W. demonstf."\ pron. iust. of "di, this, also 'i-ptJ.Cl,' ",u I. num. figurc: 83. - i. sllst. kiss,"" V.",o. - 3. nl60..o, Gil.: demonstr. pron"this, ",u_ni_I'l.l, ",u_IIir, ",O-nil', hither; T8. "leu­alii" this.a,':<J0~u·8gra Gir. noise 01 many fool-steps,",,:n prob. = ~ur-$f/ra.

a..0~ ~i.I-ta!l 1. fllso A-tag Glr., ",o-i:og...... TII!I'h ",t~-lm-illgD::l. pets. pron. we.- 2. chimney W. (7).r.::,.t'I:I'1' ~u-(u[l &11.,: 'J,("lderlichkcito l\uch...... ~·I

499

Cl,.J::;' w·~ .

!R-~~' 'U-flSUg8'; but in IV, ",UrI-(ug Cd-it!"" m('llns to break oul into a violentpassion, and "',m-flly-l!lm or -b'm" angry; inG: "mlt-(ug-pa" 1U1i1 "dilg-ftl[l-l'"" 10 be al alOss; so also in Mil.

!O.~. ",i.-lilt v. ",i<-tug.

a..-~'~' ",u-ru-nt &1,. '"" W·.~

Cl,'~=if .,u-ldg compulsory post-service, the"" p;rntuitous forwarding of letters,lug­gage and persons, the supply of tbe requi­site porters and beasts of burden (alsomore immedintely these themselves), - ori­ginally a socage-service rendered to lordslind proprietors, gorcfnment officers :wdpriests; in more recent times remuneratedand legally regulated in those parts thatlU'e visited by European travellers; mi-la",!.t-ld.g dill·ba to impose such services, byexacting porters etc. PfA, ofJil-lJa id.; .kyil­ba prob. to fOfwlU'd by Uiag; (w. limitsthe signification too much).

Cl,0~. ",u..u lAo coriander seed.~~

Cl,=if=,j' ",tig-pa, ow4 Lt.; ",tl[l-rgdn &h. the...... great horn-owl, ",ug(-gu)-ltlli thelittle owl j ~ug-mi!l owl's eyes (w. 'largelanguishing eyes', &1,... 'large protrudingeyes'); ",uy-m;g..cw< baving such eye~ .,tig'mig-pa or -ma a goggle-eyed man or wo­man w. - 2. Ld. also for '!JUg-po oats.

S:~T~~r ",uU",iil. ". ,in.-po.

!O... ~ud J. u. swaggering, bragging, bom-1 basi, fuslian; ",lid Cw J1ll1'a-ba t.o swag­

ger, lIrng, gen. "Icur j(-pa",C. - 2. - yudTI'9!J., ",lIIl-l~, in a moment, instantly, sud­denly. - 3. command, order(?), &11.: ",lid­8fI''O$'''pa to make known an order.a,:,..:.j0 .,fl.b - pa to sweep or rake together...... witll one's hands, PD>~ -pa& ",ub-j,yitbW.ra-U 1'tJ•. with the Ilrms gathering lIllinto one henl).t:l.~'.::rrg::;.~r.:l~' .,tllll-bu-glmi-m/{ar n. of;,...;...... l' the palace of the ancientTiltetan king Tholhori, GIl',a,=,: ~lIr 1. noise, din, clashing, cracking, Nlar

tic . U )4?nljlCStCtc., but 111:>0 lind noi Ie"!,3'l'

500

a low, humming noise, rnd-bai bu-ga bkdg-

pai fse ^ur-^ur zes-pai sgra the hummingin the ears produced by stopping them Wdn.,

^ur-^ur-po-yi sgra id. Wdn.; rnd-ba jkr-la

Jcrog there is a buzzing in my ear S.g.; JULY

Idan or Jbyun a noise is heard; Cs. more

particularly: talk, babbling, chit-chat, jmr-

yton-ba to talk, to chat; *ton-^ur* C. (lit.

ston) bragging, humbug ; jur-sgra = _.ur

noise caused by many voices, many foot-

steps, cf. ^u-sgra ;of the howling of a tem-

pest, ^ur-sgra ce although it (the thunder)

makes a great noise Mil.; juur-tin a brass

basin, used to make a noise by striking it Sch.;

^ur-ba sbst. a humming insect, beetle Sch.;

vb,, to be noisy, chattering, Cs.; dga-gwys^ur-te shouting, rejoicing Mil.

; %wr co-ce*

to set a dog on a person W.;

*<ur bsdd-pa,

^ur-brddb btdn-ba* C., W. to exaggerate,

brag, boast. 2. bag- dro ^ur -^ur Pth.

seems to describe the feeling of a genial

warmth pervading the body.-- 3. *wur

gydg-pa* (7, *W gydb-ce, tdn-ce* W. to

smooth, v. dbur-ba. 4. ^ur-rdo a sling

Sch.^ur-rdo Open-pa to throw with a sling.

Q^

w

^e num. figure: 113.

C\ <o I. num. figure: 143. -

II. sbst. 1. provine, jn kiss(^Jof), <o

byed-pa to kiss Lt., Kd-la on the mouth

Pth.;pe

yag, zabsresp. on the hand, the foot

Cs.; <o yton-ba Cs., *'u Idn-ce* W., ^o byed-

pa. 2. v. ^o-ma.

III. pron. 1. pers. pron. we, v. ^.u-cag.

2. dem. pron. this Cs. v. ji III. IV.

inter), (p <o) 1. like oh, yes! as a reply: ^o

Idgs-so oh very well! Mil;

*'o yon-nog, 'o

Mg-gog, 'o gydl-log W!,*<o yon-ne* C. well!

it's all right to me! well, do so! ^o,^o, so ! well ! very well ! in W. it is acommon

reply, indicating nothing more, than that

attention has been paid to the words spo-

ken, like the English well! indeed! 2.

as a positive affirmative, yes ! W., cf. ^.o-nd.

<'"s^^ &lso w^h mams and cag,

(Cs. also ji-skofy, Ld.'d-xo, we, Mil.,

Tar., Thgy., e.g. (if all men must die), ^o-

skol Ita ci smos of course also we Thgy. ;it

is very often used as a reciprocal pronoun :

^6-skol ma si prdd-pa the fact, that we

have seen each other once more before we

die Mil.

^o-brgydl, resp. fatigue, weariness,

want, any kind of hardship, *peb-

lam-la ob-gydl ma kyod-da* W. has not yourwalk hither fatigued you? ^o-brgydl yon-

lugs the getting into difficulties Mil.; more

frq. as vb.: ^o-brgydl-ba, Jcyed-cag-rnams ^o

ma brgydl-lam are you perhaps fatigued?

Glr.; zabs-tog ^o mi brgyal-ba Jbul a short

expression for: everything shall be at your

service,^so that you shall not want anythingMil. ; ^o

- re -brgydl <o- brgydl 1 . trouble,

drudgery, annoyance Mil. 2. decay, decline,

ruin, of religion, usages etc._ ^>c**.

sour cream Sch.

^o-snyigs birch-tree Sch.

^o-dod lamentation, wailing, cry for

help, gen. as vb. ^o-dod Obod-pa to

lament, to call for help Glr., Pth., Wdn.;

^o-dod-pa one that seeks help, support, re-

dress, a client, a plaintiff, more in pop. lan-

guage.

^o-nd (cf. ^o, ^on, ^dn-kyan), comes

nearest to the Greek ahka, used esp.

to introduce a new thought or proposition

in speech : now, what shall you do in that

case? Dzl; well, what did he say? DzL;

well, I hope you have at least . . . Dzl. ; why,

ay, Mil; but now Thgy.; but, the Latin

autem, when a new clause is added Mil.,

Thgy.; yea, in a climax, e.g.: I met with

a naked man, yea, an insane ascetic Mil.

- 2. as an answer in the affirmative, yes

w.-^o'-ma milk, ^6-ma jo-ba to milk Glr.;

snyol-ba to let it curdle 6s., srub-pa

to churn it Cs.-^o-ma cags the milk thickens,

coagulates 6s.

Comp. ^o-fdn 'milk-meadow', the plain

in which Lhasa now stands; of the former

lake, ^.o-fdn-gi mt'so Glr., a sedgy moor is

said to be still remaining. <o-fi/g rnilk-

soup Tar. ^o-fud cheese, v. fud. ^o-

Jun suckling-child, baby.=

zo-^fun. />-

a low, humming noise, 1'1Id-bai M-fJa bkag­pai he ~ur-~ur Us-pai $[JI'a the hummingin the ears produced lly stopping them Wd,i.,~1jr- .i<r-p<JlIi IJ{/ra id. Wdti.; rnd-ba ~i<I"'la

Jlrc9 there is n. buzzing in my car S.g.; ~ur

Idati or "bllwi a noise is heard; C3. moreparticularly: talk, babbling, chit-chat, ~ur­

rto,,-ba to I!llk, to chat; *toli-~ur~ C. (lit.stoJi) bragging, }lUmbug; ~uJ' - 3fJra - ~UJ'

noise caused by many \'oices, many root­sleps, cr. ~u-.1gl'a; of t.he howling or n. lem­pest, ~1lr-Bgra (6 although it (the thunder)makes a great noise Mil.; ~Ilr-ti,j n brassbflSin,used tomake anoisc by striking itBe".;~iif'-l)(l sbst. a humming insect, beetle &11.;vb., to be noisy, chattering, e".; d[Ja -gl:;1:;3~i<r-te shouting, rejoicing Mil.; *.,Ul' ~d-Wto set a dog on a Ilerson lV.; *~flr b.Ydd-pa,~ur·brdab btd,i·ha* C., W. to exaggernte,brag, boast. - 2. bUfJ-drd ~Ill'-~lli' l'Ih.seems to describe the f('eling of a genialwarmth perYnding the body. - 3, ·U'IJI'

gydg-pa*C, *'Ul' g!ldb-~e, twi-ee* IV. tosmooth, v. dbul'-ba. - 4. .,lir-rdo a sling&".,~ill--rdo#n-pa t.o throw with a sling.~.

~ .,6 Dum. fIgure: 113.

~~o I. Dum. figure: 143.-n. sbst. 1. provine. ..u, kiss (~), ~o

"!JCd-pa to kiss Lt., fa-Ia on the mouthPth.; PJau, :abs resp. on the Imnd, the footCs.j .0 rtoli-ba u., .'u, ftill-ee* W, = .0 byed­pa. - 2. v. ~()o-7IIa. -

III. proll. 1. lien;. pron. we, v. •u-eag.- 2. demo pron. this C:'. v. •u 111 - lV.intcrj.(o..o) I. like oh,yes! asareply:~o

ldgwo oh \"ery well! Mil; ·'0 !/On-neg, '0tJi[J-gog, '0 gytil-tog W:, •~o !fO,i-lit' C. well!it's all right to me! well, do so! - ..0.0,

)'JjJ, so! well r very well! in W: it.isacommonreply, indicating nothing morc, than thatattention has been llllid to the words spo­ken, like the English well! indeed! - 2.M a positive affirmati"e, yes! n~, cf. ..()o-ud.

a;W'..f .tMkol, al~o ~itb ?'1I,a./Ii$;and ro,fJ,(Q. also .u-s/;.ol), La. a-X<I, we,MIl.,

Tar., Thgy., e.g. (if 1111 men must die), ~o­

$kollta Ci smOll of eourse N3l\ 'fC; T"vy.; it

is very often used as ,~ reciprocal pronoun:.0- Mol 1Ila ~i jmid - pa the fact, that wehu\'e seen each other once more before wedie Mil.~.q~. .o-brgydl, resp. fatigue, wearine»,

-..:J want, nn)' kind of hardship, *j'lib-lam-la ob-gyul"llla kyQd-da*lY. has not yourwnlk Lither fatigued you? .o-bryyul '!J(JI'­lU[f8 the getting into difficulties Mil.; morefrq.as vb.: ;o-brg!Jdl-bo., ~'!lCd~ag-''1lamB ;0

",a bl'[Jydl-lam are you perhups fatigued?Glr.; ;abs-tdg ~o 11Ii brg,lJOl-ba "buin shortexrression for: everythiug shall be at yourservice,.so that you shnll not wanl· anythingMil.; ~0-"6-brgydl= ..o-bl'[Jyul l. trouble,drudgel')', annoyance Mil. 2. decay, decline,ruin, of religion, usages etc.

~:tr ..o-snyig sour cream Se!l.

a;~~~ .,o.~yigs birch-tree &11.

~~. ~o-dod lamentation, wailing, cry forhelp, gen. as vb. ~o-dod "bOd-pa to

IlImen!, to cnll for help Gil'., PtA., lVwi.;..o-ddd-pa one that seeks hc1p, support, r~dress, 11 client, a plaintiff, more in pop. lan­gUllge.?f",. ..()o-lIa (cf. ..0, ~on, ..6n-ky(lli), eomes

nearest to the Greek «Hu, used e~I"

to introduce a new thought or propositionin speech: now, what shall you do in thatcase'? Dzl.; well, what did he say? Dzl.;well, 1 hope you have a~ lC3st ... Dzl.; why,ay, Mi1.; but now TII9!J.; but, the Latina!/lem, when a new clause is ndded Mil.,Thgy.; yea, iu a climax, e.g.: I met witha naked man, yea, an insane ascetic Mil.- 2. liS an answer in the affirmutive, yes1v.-~~. ..o-mlt milk, .0-"IIIa Jd-bo to milk GIr.;

snydl-ba to let it curdle £:$., 81-Ub-pato churn it (}.;~Q.ma~ags the milk thickens,coagulates c.. -

Compo .o-tali 'milk-meudow', the phinin which Lhasa now stands; of the formerlake, ..o-(uli-gi m(1J(J GIr., a sedgy moor issaid to be still remaining. - ~o-(I;9 milk­soup Tar. - ;o-{ud cheese, V. fud. - ,0­

iilJi suckling-child, baby..- u-Juli. - ",0-

501

-

.s//oi/ milk-vessel. ^o-sp/V, ^o-sri} cream.-

fn-t//<ir I. milk and butter Mt. 2. tenniii.

of s>-ma into the milk. ^o-zo milk-pail.

jD-itui-zi-zi \V. pater-noster pea,

the seed of Abrus precatorius,

used as beads for rosaries.

terrier Mi.

^o-re-brgydl v. ^o-brgydl.

K, only in *'d-so tdn-ce or gydb-ce* to laugh at, deride, to feel a plea-

sure at the misfortune of others.

^o-se mulberry, ^d-se-sin mulberry-

tree; ba-^os Med., perh. strawberry

spinach, Blitum, which in W. is called ba-

o-se, cow-mulberry.

^og, W. *yog*, Ts. *ivag*, 1. root sig-

nifying below, or with reference to time,

after, opp. to gon ; <dg-tu, W. *yog-la* \ . adv.

down, below, underneath; afterwards, later;

in paging books it denotes the second pageof a leaf, v. gon; it is used as an expedientto correct errors in numbering, or to make

additions, as with us e.g. 'page 24, b'. 2.

postp. under, with accus., less frq. with dat.,

down from; after (as to time, rank, succes-

sion). ^dg-na, W. *ydg-na*, 1. adv. under-

neath, below. 2. postp. c. gen. under, after.

-^dg-nas, W. *ydg-nas* 1. adv. from

under, from below. 2. postp. c. genit. forth

from below ^dg-tu Jjug-pa to put underneath,

to subject, subdue Glr.; ka-^dg Ts. = ^dg-

tu, e g. *sin-gi Ka-wdg* under the tree;some-

times (less corr.) with accus. inst. of genit.,

also ^og alone, inst. of ^dg-fu, dg-na: *Ru-

fog Gu- lab-sin 'og mi dug* W. Kutog does

not stand under, is not subordinate to, Gulab

Singh; Idih-^og the division of soldiers

under the Dingpon, or a century (division

of hundred); bcu-^og a body of ten menunder a bcu-dpon or corporal. 2. testicles,

of animals, ^og-can not castrated; *wog

tr'-pa* (spyad-pa} to cover, copulate C.

Comp. and deriv. ^dg-sgo the lower ori-

fices of the body for the discharge of the

excretions, ^dg-sgo fnyis S.g. ; more partic.

the anus Pth. ^og-rdo anvil Sch. ^og-

pag v. pag. ^dg-ma adj. the lower, later,

following one, dei j&g-ma the one following

a tier that, the second in turn; *ld-m<:

ge-nyen y6g-ma big dug* W. a Genyen is

inferior to a Lama, ^og-min, ^qifqg, 'the

not inferiors' i.e. the highest, the inmates

of a certain heaven inhabited by gods, or

also that heaven itself. ^6g-rol-tu= <6g-

tu Tar. ^og-rlun Lt. vapour, flatulence.

^og-sdl crop, craw of birds.

^on-ba, pf. oiis, imp. o^, 13. and Jlul.

(*'d/i-c-os*), for which in common life

almost always, and in more recent literature

not seldom, yoh-ba, W. *y6h-ce*, is used,

1. to come, ma ^6n-ba mfon-nas Dzl. when

he saw his mother coming; ndn-du .,0/is,

Dzl. he came in; jiyir ^on-ba Glr. to come

back; mi ynyis nai di'un-du ^.6/i-^rgyu yin-

pa Glr. two men that were about to come

to me; ^6/l~bai lam-du Pth. when being on

their way ;ti-se-la sgdm-du ydns-pa yin Mil.

we come to the Tise in order to meditate;

^ons-pa legs-so you are welcome 6s.; rias

^o-dod byas kyan^oh-mKanmedPth. although

I was crying for help, nobody came; kyer

^6ns- so Glr. they came to bring , they

brought with them; Krid-sog bring hither!

krid ^6/ts-so Glr. they brought thither; with

reference to time : ma-^ns-pa not yet come,

i.e. future, dus etc. very frq.; also poet.:

ma-^ons don-du for the benefit of those

that are to come, i.e. of posterity; can ydh-

bai rigs, Wdn., the kinds (of cerealia) from

which beer comes (is made). 2. to happen,

yod-pa yon-gin Odug-pas Mil. as it some-

times happens that there are . . .;more frq.

to OCCUr, to be met ^'^.^ri-ii-ba^on^gyiti'-na

whenever an e occurs, wherever an e stands

Gram.;mii yul-na mi ^ot't such a thing does

not occur on earth Glr.] *di-ru mi yon(-ce)*

W. that is not to be met with here. 3.

to fall to the lot of, to be given, to come upon,

c. dat., sras ^dn-bai ysdl-ba btdb-bo Ptti.

she prayed that a sou might be given to

her; *Ko-la nad yohs* W. a disease came

upon him; *sod-nyom yon* I receive alms,

*sod-nam yon* I acquire merit W.; to come

in, yon-sgo income, revenue Schr., cf. yon-

sndd milk-vessel. - ~o-'pri, "o--.rl, crealD.- #o-mor I. milk nnd butter &11. 2. termin.of ..6."'0 into the milk. - ~Q-:d milk-I'l'il.

C('~'3'13' ..fJ-'ffIfl-;:(.;:i W. pater-noster pea,the ~eed of Abrus precatorius,

u"Cd IL~ heads fOI" rosarie!>.

~Elf, a;:-W::ff floyd, ..0-960 terrier &11,

C(~'.q~...r ..o-re-brgydl v. ..o-br!J!/dl.

~( ..Q-.Jo W, onl)' in ·'040 tdli-a offllJdb-u- to laugh ai, deride, to fed a plcnA

SUI'C I\t the misfortuDC of others.

?\'~ ..o-u mUlberry, ..d.u-~·Ii mulbf'rry-trec; ba-..';, .MeJ., peril. strawberry

"pinnell, Blitum, which in IV. is called ba­o-u, cow-mulberry.~ 'V·~""'· "., .Q::rl' ..O!J, • YO!! , .I'. wag, . root slg-i"1 nifyingbelow,orwithrefercnce to time,after, op[l. to f/Oli; ..Of!-tu, IV. ·!JOy-Ia- I. adv.down, below, underneath; afterwards, later;in paging llOoks it denotes Ille second pageof (I leaf, v. [IO,l; it is used as nn e:lpedicnt1.0 correct errors ill numbering, or to makeadditions, as with us e.g. 'page 24, b'. 2.Ilostp. under, wilh accus., less frq. with dut.,down from; after (lUI to lime, f'lI.ok, succes­sion). - AI-na, lV. -ydg-na-, l.adv. under­neath, below. 2. postp. c. gen. under, after.- Ay-na!, lV. -!Jdg-na3- I. adv. fromunder, from below. 2. postp. c. genit. forthfrom below ~dg-tuJity-pa to put underneath,to subjecl, subdue Gil'.; J..'a-~6y T3. = ~dy­

tu, e g. "U,l-gi !la-waf! under the tree; some­times (less corr.) witli accus. inst. of geniI.,also ~Of/ nlooe, iost. of .dg-tu, dg-na: -Nu-­(()(J Gu·lab·ri,l 'og lIli du!!- W: Hutog doe..lIot stand under, is not subordinate kl, GulahSiugh; {diio - ~O!J the di\'ision of holdier.>under the Dingpon, or n. century (aivisiouof bundred); bi:u-.Of/ a body of ten meDunder n bi:u-dptJll 01' corporal. - 2. testicles,of lIoimals, .Of/-Call not castrated; -u'Cgb:'-pa- (3pyacl-pa) 1.0 cover, copulnte C.

Compo and denv. ~dg-3[JO tbe lower ori­fices of tbe body for the discharge of theexcretions, ~dg-3flO Tllyi& 1).y.; more partie.the anus Ptll. - ,09 ,'110 all\'il &/1. -.~

501

paff v. PO!!. - ..dg-'l'11i adj. the lower, laler,following one, dh ,&y-?na tlte olle followingll{t('1" thnt, the secood in tum; -ld--11le IIJio!Je-?Iyin ydg_T111l zig dUff- IV. a Genyen isinferior to 1\ Lama. .,og-TIIi,l, 1I1t1f0l8, 'thenot inferiors' i.e. tILe highest, thc inmatesof a cert:lin heaveu iuhauited uy gods, ornlso thut l1eaven itself. - ~dfI-roi-tu = .d!J­tu 1ar. - ,Off-rlU,j Lt. vapour, flatulence.- .o<j-Adl crop, craw of birds.aF'::r ,dn-ba, llf. Qh" imp. .i~, lJ. nnd B~l.

C-'d,/-c(l3-), for wluch 10 common Mealmost always, nud in more recent liternturenot seldom, ydti.ba, IV. -!PI/-M', is used,l. to come, ma ,dn-ba rnfdti-ntU D;:l. whenhe saw his mother coming; ndli·du ..0';',l):l. he came in; 1Wir ~otl-ba GIl'. to comeback; mi )'1I1/i& oiai dritti4u ,oti-r!J!IU yill­pa Glr. two meD that were about to coweto me; .d'l-bai ldm-du Ptk when Leing ontheir way; ti-ae-la sgdm..Ju ydn,-pCl yin Mil.we come to the Tise in order to mcditntc;,dli3-pa Mgs.w you are welcome lA.; tlas,0..J6d bya31yall ,olj-mtrallmM Ptk altboughI was crying fOI' help, nobody elUDe; 1t!Jel',d'IS - so Gir. they came kl bring, theyurougbt with them; lirid-kg bring hitber!krid ",dtiNo Gb·. the)' bl'ongllt thither; withreference to time: rna.,d,i!-pa not yet COme,i.e. fulure, du, ctc. very frq.; also pooL:ma_.,otis ddn-du for the benefit of thosethat nrc to come, i.e. of po~terity; lati ydio­bai rigs, Wd/i., tbe kind;; (of cerea!ill) fromwhich beer cowes (is made).- 2. to happen,ydd.pa yO/i-gin "ti'ly'pm Mil. 11011 it some­times happens that there are ... ; more frq.to occur, to be met with,oY,.iti.bu..o1i o!/!lur-Ilawhenever an e occurs, wherever an e standsGI'<I.III.; mii yu[-na 1/Ii ,/Hi such a tbiug does1I0t occur on earth Glr.; -di-ru 1/Ii ydti(-cttIV. tbat is not to be met witb here. - 3.to fall to the lot 01, to be given, to come upon,c. dllt., sras .,dio-bai r3di-ba blab-bo PI/"she pra)'ed that lI. son might be gi\'ell toher; -fo-la nud yoti,- W. a. disease cameupon bim; -,dd-nyol" yo"'- I receive alms,-wJ.~lIJ1tI yo"'- I ncquire merit IV.; to comein, yoii-ago income, re\'enuc &/1/,., ce. yoli-

502

jotl-mol on-kyan

tan sub fan 2. --4. to be suitable, prac-

ticable, to do, bstdn-pa ycig-la ston-pa ynyis

mi ^.ons-pas Glr. as two preceptors for one

doctrine will not do; yul-du log-pa mi ^on-

bas Glr. as a journey home is not practi-

cable; ^-yon-nog v. <>; Ids-la 6n-bai bdr-

du as long as he was fit for work;

to go on

well, to do well 6'.. *da yori-na* W. will it do

now? --5. when connected with verbs, it

serves to indicate futurity, like the English

auxiliaries shall and will, as becomes evident

from such expressions as the following: O ci-

ba namyon ca med Mil. when dying comes,

i.e. when we shall die, is uncertain; mdog

Ogyur- ba ^.on Glr. a change of colour is

coming, i.e. the colour will, or is going to,

change; Ogro-ba mi yon-bar Odug Mil. I amnot likely (dug-pa, 4) to go there any more;*tel-ce mi yon* W. he will not be put to

shame, not be disappointed ;also with the

supine : srog dan brdl-bar ^/yur-du ^on Dzl.

it will even come to his dying, it will be

his death; zos-su ^on Dzl. he will even get

so far as to eat . . .;si-bar ^on he will die

;

still more free and popular are those turns,

in which the gerund or the mere root is

used: ynan-ste ^on Pth. he will assent to

it, allow it; ycig min kyaii ycig yin-te ^on

Glr. if it is not the one, it will be the other;

deb yon he will come Mil. and in 6'. very

common; yid-ces mi ^on they will not be-

lieve it; it is also used to express the passive

voice, and the English to become, to grow,

to get: ses-na na ysod ^6n-bas Glr. as I

should be killed, if she heard of it; *zer yon*C. so it is said, expressed, i.e. this is the

usual way of expressing it; *pel-te yon* W.

it is getting larger, increases; orwith a noun:

smin ^oti Glr. it is growing ripe; rgydl-po

Jbans-su^ohMa. the king becomes a subject.

jrir ^.on-mol Ld. for ^l-mo.

<od, light, shine, brightness, sar flames

up, shines, Opro spreads, proceeds from ;

^od spro-ba to emit light, bkye-ba to spread

Sch.', <pd lham-mer mdzdd-pa resp., to shine

with a bright light Sch.; ^od Kens-pa filled

with light Sch.;lus-la ^.od yod-pa self-lumi-

nous, a property of primeval man Glr.; nyi-

^6d sun-light, zla-^od moon-light, skar-^d

star-light 6s.; ynam-^od brightness of the

night-heavens, zodiacal-light 6s.; me-^od

fire-shine 6s.; lustre, brightness, of polished

metal, ^od byin-pa to elicit a gloss or lustre,

to give a bright polish Sch.; metaphor, fair

complexion, external beauty, *Kdn-pe 'od

pelte yon* the splendour of the house in-

creases, *bud ca dug* declines, decays W.\

^od dan Iddn-pa B., ^od-can 1. luminous.

emitting light; 2. bright, polished. 3. light, *da

'od-can ca yin* W. nowr it will grow light.

4. of a fine colour, of a blooming appearance

Glr. 5. beautiful, splendid, stately; <od-med,

vulgo ^od-med-ttan, the contrary.

Com p. ^od-kor or skor a luminous circle

Lex. ^od-dkar \. white light. 2. symb.num.: 1. ^.od-can, v. above. ^od-dpag-

med, ^rHTfTW? '^so snan-ba-mfa-yds the

fourth Dhyani-Buddha, v. sans -rgyds.

-

^od-spro (or Opro?) light?-- *nd-lo* W.,

*6d-to tog* hold up the light! *6d-to bu*

glow-worm, fire-fly; ^od^pro sometimes oc-

curring in the names of gods. ^od-yzer

ray of light Dzl. and elsewh. frq.; ^od-yzer-

can n. of a god, ^od-yzer-can-ma of a god-dess Do. ^od-srun n. p. 1 .the human Bud-

dha of the preceding period of the world.

2. a king of Tibet, son of Langdarma. -

^od-ysdl J . a bright light or gloss, ^od-ysdl

mdahs dan Iddn-pa very glossy, of leaves.

2. com. of the supernatural enlightening of

the saints, ^od-ysal-gyi ndh-nas yzigs-te Mil.

knowing, beholding, by means of prophetic

light.

nr'^r <dd-ma cane, bamboo, ^.od-ma t'sal,

f,cane -grove; such a grove

near Rajagriha was a favourite retreat of

Buddha.

gi- ^on W. but (sed, autem); (not so often

' used as in English).

^on-kyan but, yet, notwithstanding

Dzl. and elsewh, frq. in B. ; rarely

^on-yan for it Mil.', it stands at the be-

ginning of sentences, but is also preceded

by a gerund with -kyi, in which case it is

almost pleonastic; Lexx. give ^rnft as the

""(wi sub (a,j 2. - 4. to be suitable, prac­ticable, to do, b3tdn-pa fCifl-la 'tOll-pa m!luvii .,Qlis-pus Glr. as two PIOCCC(ltOfll for onedoctrine will Dol do; f/ul-du MfJ-pa tni .,01;.bWl Glr. llS a journey home is not practi­cable; ",Q-!JQ,i-7iog \". ",0; ltis-la o4-bai bdr­du as long as he was fit for work j to go onwell, to do well C.• ·da ydil-Jiu· JI'. will it doDOW'? - 5. when connected with verbs, itserves to indicate futurity, like the Englishllwliarics sllall and will, as becomes evidentfrom such expressions us the following: )!{­baumllywi ca med Mil. when driug comes,i.e. when we alJaH <lie, is uncertlliu; mdog09yur - ba .,oli Gil', a ch&Jlge of eolour iscoming, i.e. the COIOllf will, or is going to,change; o!J'rd-ba mi Y()Jj-bar oduy Mil. 1 amnot likely (dug-pa, 4) to go there any more;-(tl-ee 'lIIi !lO"· W. he will nut be put tosbume, not be disappointed; nlso willi thesupine: 31'0f! dali bral-bal' o!I!lul'-d" ~04 D::l.it will even come to his dying, it will behis death; zds-su ~o,i D::i. he will ewm getso fur ns to ent ... ; 3i-ba,. ~04 he will die;still more free and popular are those lurns,in which the gerund or the more root isused: )'7lali-ste ~o,i !'th. he will assent toit, nnow it; rag min kyail rCig.yin--te ~oli

Gfr'. if it is not the one, it will he the other;sleb yoil he will come jIil. and in C. verycommon; yid-lh 1lli ..Q,j they wiU not be­lieve it; it is also useu to express tile I,assive\'oice, nnd the English to become, to grow,10 get: "h-na ,ia {sod ~d,i-ba3 Gi,.. as Ishould be killed, if she heard of it; ·Zt,. yo"'­C. so it is said, expressed, i.e. this is theIlSUn! way of expressing it; ·pH-lt yo,i· W.it is getting larger, increases; orwith a noun:8ll1in ..Oil GIl'. it is growing ripe; rgydl-poobatis-su..oiulfa. the king become.. a subject

a;E:.';fr...r ~oti'mdl lA. fOI' ..dl-mo.

?iR: ..00, light, shine., brightness, 8ar flamesup, shines, oprospreads, proceeds from ;

~oo ~p,.d-ba to emil light, bJ.ye-ba to spreadSch.; ..ad Ulam-mer 7Ildzdd-pa resp., to dlinewillI fl bright light Sel, ; ..00 !'eilS-pa ulledwith light &h.; lu.-fa ~oo ydd-pa self-lumi-

nous, 1\ property of primeval man Gir.; nyi.~dd sun-liglll, zla·~dd moon-ligllt, ~kar- ..dd~tar-light (,11.; )'7Ialll-~od brightness of thenight-llea"ens, r.odiacnl.light (.'s. j '1141 - ..oJfire-shinew.; lustre, brightness, of polishedmetal, ..00 byin-pa to elicit It gloss or lustre,to give a bright polish Sclt.; metaphor. fairconlplaion, external beauty, ·fd,i-p~ 'adIllite YOli· the splendour of the house in­crensl'S, ·lmd ea durl declines, decal'S lV.;.00 dali Wan-pa 11., ~dd-ran I. luminous,emitting light; 2.bright, polished. :1. light, ·da'od-ran Ea yin- W. no\\' it will grow light.,I. of a fine colour, of a blooming appearanceGIl'. 5. beautifUl, splendid, stately; ~OO-mtd,

vulgo .od-med_!'un, the contl'UJ·Y.Compo ~od-k6r or sJ.:or l\ luminous circle

Lu. - ~od-dl..ar 1. white light. '2. symb.num.: 1. - ..6d~an, v. 8bo\·e. - ~od-dpug­

mM, "I'f1l''/ff1f, nlso $na,i-ba -m(a.yds thefourth Dhyani.Buddha, Y. $a';3· 'rgyii$. ­.6d-$Pro (or op,.ol) light? - ·~d-!o- 11'.,·Qd..!O tOf!· IlOld up the light! -6d·to bu·glow-worm, fire-fly; ~od-oljro sometimesoe­curring in the names of gods. - ~od-J'zll'

my of light Dzl. and dsewh. frq.; ..od-y::ir­can n. of n god, ..od-ydr_ran_'ma of a god­des~IkJ. - ..od·3rilli n. p. I. the humall Bud·dlla of the preceding period of the world.2. a king of Tibet, son of Langdnrma. ­..oJ-ya& J. a bright light or gloss, ..od-rsrilmdail. dmi hldn-pa very glossy, of leaves.'2. com. of the supernatural eolightening ofthe saints, ~od-yslil-9!ji,ia.t-nas y::igs_le Mil.koo".. iog, beholding, b)' means of propheticlight.~.~. :...6d-ma cane, bamboo, ..dd-ma (sal,

l(~1f'l', cane-grove; sucb a gro,·eneur HlJjagriha was n fU"ourite retreat ofBuddha.~. ..om IV. but (sed, autetn); (not so oflen

used as in Englisll).~.~t:.. ~on-J.ywi but, yet, n~twithstanding

DzL nnd e1sewh, frq. III n.; rnrely..oll-ya>i for it Mil.; it stands aT"the be­ginning of sentences, but is also precededby lI. gerund with -kyi, in wluch ca.se it isalmost pleona.stic; LuoX. giye ~nnTt ns the

603

Ssk. word for it, which however seems not

to agree with its use.

t L<:r.

,0* 1. v. the following. 2. v. ^

j'l/i-tc B. and (.'. or if not, or else, or

also, in double-questions after the ter-

mination am of the first question.

ri' ^dn-pa I. deaf, also to be deaf; <dn-

pa-pa, ^6n-pa-po, ^.dn-po a deaf man,

^dn-pa-mo, ^on-mo a deaf woman Cs.; ^on-

lo/'t deaf and blind. 2. to give, to bring,

chiefly as imp. <6n-cig Dzl.

^on-scii, with byed-pa, to pay atten-

tion, to watch, to spy Sch.

^ob 1. also ipbs ditch, trench, pit Dzl.',

me-^6b fiery pit; also fig.: the fire-pool

of passions. 2. v. yob.

^dm-bu 1. tamarisk, Myricaria Med.

not unfrequent near the rivers of Ti-

bet. 2. Sch. : 'a town, settlement' (?).

qr; for 1. dropsy, viz the species anasarca,

nif., pdgs-cu; dbu-^or prob. id. Med.- 2. eddy, whirlpool Sch.

^r-ba 1. to put or lay down Cs. -

2. to feed, e. g. a little child W.

,oZclover, trefoil, viz. snail-clover, medic,

(Medicago); ^ol-fdn a plain covered

with such clover; *'ol-kyoy* W. snail.

ol-mdud v.}

ol-mdud.

-. pa vulture &/*.(?)

^61-spyi in a general way, generally

speaking, about, ,^--s/ >//'/'id. Sch. ; +61-

spyi ts<hn-<ltt dm inuydm-mo they are about

contemporaries Tar.

^dl-ba black horse Mil, Ld.-Glr. (Ts.

^dl-mo Ld. *oh-moP besom, broom,

brush, stag-^l birch-broom, zed-^dl

hair-broom 6s.

g^j.jjr^. ^ol-mo-se Wdn. an officinal plant;

Cs.: ^ol-ma-sa 1. a certain small

berry. 2. a small weight'.

suitable; becoming, appropriate, with

tcnnin. inf., in later times and vulgo, with

the root, sbyin-par fos it is becoming, it i-

meet to give; Odi yzigs-par mi ,o it is not

decent to see this; *ka-lon cd-ce 'oa* W. he

is worthy to be a vizier; *i'-8am la tan mi'os* W. he is not worth such high wages;*la ndn-te tan 'os* W. he deserves extra-

pay; yid-smdn ^os to be wished, desirable;

pyag bya- bar ^s -par <gyur he becomes

adorable; stdd-^os to be praised, laudable;

bkur-^os deserving honour 6's.; fams-cdd-la

pog-^os-pai cdd-pa the punishment condignto all

; rarely with genit. : kun-gyis bkvr-zin

mcdd-pai ^os Mil. he is deserving of uni-

versal honour and respect, and even : rjei

^os min he was not worth to be a king, for

which more frq. the terniin. is used :/)-mor ^ds-pa zig Glr. the one that is the most

deserving of being mistress, i.e. she that

has the genteelest appearance, that is most

of a gentlewoman; grogs-su ^ds-pa he is

worthy to be his colleague, nif. Mil. 2.

more particularly in colloquial language:

right, W. *ds-can, o-tian*; with a negative

*mi-ds-pa,os-med,os-min* W., *mi-o-pa* etc.

C. wrong (for the rigs-pa and mi-rigs-i>u

of earlier lit.); mi ^.ds-pai spyod-pa byed-pa

Glr. to entertain illicit intercourse; rdzas

^ds-pa a lawful, mi ^ds-pa an unlawful

matter Schr.; *<i-min-ghi i im-gdl* C. a wrong,

immoral act, sinful transgression; *'os mi-

6s face* W. to discern between right and

wrong; with regard to a man's words, cre-

dible, trustworthy, or the contrary.-- Sch.

has besides: <os ci yod, 'what other means

or way is there?' and: ^os spyi-ba 'to finish

(a thing) for the most part ;to be good or

tolerably good'(??).

&I.', word for ir., wLLich h()wuu ~lng IIOLto agree witil i~ UW.

f.('1?:" ..O,..tll;' - #6n~kyatl {,tor.

~~ .0'1-11 lJ. Illid C. or if nat, DI' else, orJ also. illdoubl~-<lue&tion511fl.el tI,eter­

miollliou (1m of the fi~l question.~'=r .oo-pa 1. deal, «1-.0 to be deal; ..on-

1~-JX', ..6n-pa-po, ..tin-Jlo a delle IDIlU,

..1It1-1XNHO, ..o,,--mo • deaf woman w.; .&11­

lOti dellf alld blind. - t. to give, to bring,cbien)' as imp...oo-hg JJ:I.a;-~' ..o_li, ,,·jtb 6yid-p", to pay atten·

;"l tion. to watch. to spy &h.f{::r JJb 1. abo J>I.- ditch, tnnc:h. pit D:l.;

,,*..60 fiery pit; .lso fig.: tbe Gre-poolof jJ&SSKms. - 2. v. yoh.~~~ ,d",,-tm 1. tamarisk,. M}'riCllria Moo.

bot nnfrequcnllletll tbe rivers aCTi­beL - 2. I,.:" town, Hltlement'(?).ai,' ..flI I. dropsy, vilt \he speciell anasarca,"'\ nif., _ pdga-~; du-p !lrob. id. Mtd.- 2. "ely, whirlpool &/1.~'.:J' /Jt'-lxJ 1. to put or lay down u. ­

2. to feecl, e g. Il. little ehild W:Cl{..f .oJtloyer, trefoil, Vilt.8IlAiI-do~er, medic.,

(Medicago); 401-(d" .. plam covered.... itl. sDcli clover; "ol-iyo1' w: snail.

C{..r~~-' fl/-md.d \.. 'o/·n/dud.~

~.~. "dl-pa vulture &/..(?)

'f..ru ~dWJ'!li in I general way, generallyS speaking.abOl.lt.~tJl..Il'Yir id. &1/.; 4M­

'J'yi ,.';1/1-4[" dIU nmydm-mo the)' arc aboutcontem]>oraries Tar.~'.::r ~QI-b(1.black horse MiL, l.d.-Glr. ('1".

~It:dl-ba·).

Af...j·5f ~dl-111O I,d. -o,j·"wr besom, broom,brush, .t(JfJ-..o1 bir<'lL-broom, :«1-~Ql

hair-broom (....af...j·Gfil· 4 01•1Iu.Ht! Wd,t. un offitinal!,lnlll;

Gi.: '~l.lIIa..a 1. n cer\.lliu smallberry. - ~. :~ smnl! weight'.

a;::~ 4011 I. v. tile following. - 2. v. 4(Ni,

~~=r 4tt.-pa I. vb, and adj. 10 be wortny,suitable; Heoming, lpprClpriale, widl

lermin. inf., in lAter limell and vulj{o, withtbe root, w1/(n-par ~ot it i becoming, it illmeet to give; .di r::ig.-par mi 4011 it i~ notdeant to see this; °!a·ldn ld-et '0.. IV. lieis .....ortl.)' to be a Yixier; ·j.·.um la tali rr&i'0.. IV. he is not worth 'Dch higb wages;·Uo rufn-u tali '0.. IV. be deseneli u:ua­pay; yid.-wJn ~o. to be wished, dt1'irable;F!J09 bya - bar 41lll - par .9Y"r he become$lLdo",blej ~4{)t to be prai~, laadable;blilr-..t» deserving honour U.j(~#!r ~flt-lX'i 'bid-po the puni!hment condignto all; ~ly with geniL.: ftn-gyi. bair-:iliMldJ-pai ~OI MI1. he is deserving of uni­versal houour tuld lU"pect, and even: f'jt:t.~OI Wli,. he was not worth to be a kiog, forwhich more frq. the \ermin is used: rt,o.­_ ~pe =~ GI,.. the one that is the mO<ltdescn-ing of being mi~tress, i. e. she tbathail the genteelest llppell.r.tGCe, that is 1ll0000t

of ll. gentle,,'olDlU1; grdyJ-ftl 4tt.-pa he iii.....·orthy hi be bis colleague, ni r. MiL - 2.more IlllrtiCUlllrlJ ill colloquial. lauguage:right. II: o~n, ,';.,um.j ...... ith A oepti\'e·mi.....pa,6I-'Iftid,ot-mill· 11'., ·mt-rpa·etc,C, "'roog (for the rig"rHl and 7tli-rigt-puof earlier lit.)j 'IIi ~rJ.-,.,m· .]¥Xl-pa bytd-]HlGI,.. to enl.ert:tin illicit inlcrooUr;l6; rd::a.~-pa a. lawful, mi ~tt..pa an unlawfulwallcr &hr.j •~mill-fjhi ( i"i-gdl"<..: a wrong,intmoral ::\Ct, siufullrno~grellSion; O'Qt "'t­o. i'-ct· 11': to discern belween right andWI'Ol1g; witl. rl'gll.nlto a lnan'S ...·ord~, cre·dible, trustworthy, or the I;onlrary. - &/1.has besides: ~OI Ci yod, ',.,'llIIt olher meallsor way is there?' Itud: ~QI: 'I'!Ii-ba 'to finish(It tiling) for thl'. most parl; to be good ortolerably good'(??).

of

504

ya-ma-zun

yj 7/a 1. the consonant y, pronounced like

the English initial y, in yard, yoke etc.,

in C. deep-toned; yd-btags, yd-ta Glr. the

subscribed y or ^. 2. num. fig. : 24.

yt- ya I. often with ^ci^, one of two things

that belong together as being of one

kind, or forming a pair, also one of two

opponents; mig ya-ycig loh-ba Pth. blind

of one eye ;lham ya-ycig Glr. one of a pair

of boots, an odd boot; lag-pa ya-ycig-tu

yser fogs, lag-pa ya-ycig-tu bu-mo Krid-de

Dzl. in one hand holding the gold, with the

otherleading his daughter; stoh-pa danysdl-ba ynyis ya ma brdl-bar Thgr. the emptyand the clear (emptiness and clearness) being

inseparable from each other; ya-gydl one

of several, e.g. of three things Gram.; of

six Lex.; *yd-do* in W. the common word

for grogs or zld-bo associate, companion, as-

sistant, *yd-do co-ce* to assist; *nyl-ka ya

yo'* C. they are equal to each other, a match,one as good as the other, *K6-la ya me',

or Ko yajh/-Ken mi dug* C. he finds none

that is a match to him, *di le-ke ya ne mitub* C. I am not equal to the task; Kaiyav. Kd-ya; ya-med = do-me'd; O fdb-ya ad-

versary, antagonist; ya-zdr one-eyed; ya-ma-zun and ya-md-brla, ya-ya v. below.

II. root signifying above, up etc. (opp.to ma), cf. gon; adj. yd-gi (also yd-ki Mil.),

pu yd -gi the upper or highest part of a

valley Glr., ri-bo yd-gi the hill up yonder

Mil.; yd-gi upper = heavenly Mil., opp. to

md-gi; yar andyas v. the respective articles;

the word, otherwise, occurs only in com-

pounds: yd-rkan palate; ya-gdd (for s/cad)

ladder Sch.;ya-gon above, over Sch.;ya-mgdl,

ya-mcu,ya-fem, ya-fog, ya-rdbs, ya-re, ya-sov. mgal etc.; ya-mfd the upper end, i.e.

the beginning e. g. of a word, opp. to ma-mfa the end Cs.; yd-sa esteem, honour, love,

shown to a person W. (= ze-sa B., C.), *yri-

se spe-ra* expressions of respect; *yd-se pi-

la zer-na* if one speaks respectfully ; ya-sa-med-Kan uncivil, regardless, reckless, un-

feeling; *yd-sa co-ce* to show love, regard,

to treat with tenderness, to fondle, a child,

animal etc., opp. to md-sa, which however

is less in use.

y<*-tfa mutual revilings Ma : ma smdd-

la yah yd-Ka sgrags mother and chil-

dren abuse one another. Cs. : yd-ga bad

reputation (?).

yq-na(-ba) C. also *yd-na-bo*

(prob. foryyandn-pa) shuddering,

fright, anguish, with genit. or accus. of that

which is the cause of it Do. ; yd-na-bai dmag-

fsogs Mil. a formidable host; yd-nai gegs

terrible danger Pth.

'

yd-ta v. letter ya.

yt? ya - tra (procession and

ra^ feast, in honour of some

idol) W. : festivity, reveling, in beer with

dumplings and pastry, held in autumn or

winter, in memory and for the benefit of

the souls of those that died during the last

year.

y^'^T yd-do v. ya I.

^' yd-po butcher; executioner Schr.

*^" yd-ba prob.=

yya-ba. Mil. ?

q'rrjM^" ya-ba-ksa-ra Ssk. saltpetre Med.

yd-ma 1. the temples. 2. a severe

cold, catarrh. Med.; *yd-ma rag* W.

I have a bad cold. 3. n. of a goddess,= brtdn-ma.

. ya-ma-zun unsymmetrical, incon-

gruous, not fitting together, e.g.

two unequal shoes; of religions, languages,

~ '!JfJ I. the consonnnt y, prollouncC(lliketho EIlglisn initial y, in yard, yoke etc.,

in C. deep.toneJ; y4.lJtags, yU-ta Glr. tnesubscribed y or~. - 2. num. fig.; 24.~. ya 1. often with reig, one of two things

thaL belong together as bcing of onekind, or forming a pair, also one of twoopponents; mig ya-yNy Mil-ba Pth. blindof one eye; UUlm ya-l'i:lf/ GIl'. one of a pairof boots, an odd boot; lay-pa ya-rNg-tuI'M!/' fogs, lug-pa ya-rNg-tu z,u·mo fdd-JeDz!. in one hand holding the g'old, with tneotherleading his daughter; stOli-pa danl'sul­ba l'nyis ya 1IIa lwul-bar Tllgl·. the emptyand the clear (emptiness and clearness) beinginseparable from each other; ya-gydl oneof several, e.g. of three thingll Gram.; oflix L8Ji ; ·yd-Jo· in W. tile common wordfor f/MgI or ::ld-bo associate, companion, as­sistant, ·yd-Jo Cd-u· w assist; *nyl-ka yayg'·C. they are equal to each other, l\ mutch,one as good lIS the other, ·'M-la !la nll',or l.'f! ya)M-Jt!n mi dug" C. he finds nonethat is a match to him, *di U-l.t va iii 1Ilitub· C. I am DOt equal to the task; lla; yav. A'd-!la; ya-mid = do-midj ",(db-!la ad­vCJiiary, antagonist; ya-zdr one-eyed; ya­ma-::Illi and ya-ma-brla, ya-ya v. below. -

II. root signifying above, up etc. (opp.to ma), d. gon; adj. ydili (also yu.Jd Mil.),flu ya. gi the upper 01' highest part of avalley Gir., rl-bo yd-gi the hill up yondcrMil.; yd-gi upper _ heavenly Mil., opp. tomd-gi;yal' nndy," v. the respective articles;the word, otherwise, occurs only in com­pounds: yd--rkan palate; ya-ydd (for d'ad)ladder Sch.;ya-y&iI above,over Sch.;ya-mgid,ya-rll'tU,ya-thn, ya-(6g, ya-ralA, ya-re, ya-s6Y. myal etc.; ya-tnfd tbe upper end, i. e.the beginning e. g. of a word, opp. to 1IIa­m(a the end Q.; .yd.s(l. esteem, honour, love,shown to a person W: (_ te·sa B; G')l·ya-

Sf: spl-ra· expressions of respect; ·yd-st: Pi­la zit·-na· if one speaks respectfully; YII_

sa-mM-Ran uncivil, regardless, reckless, un­feeling; ·yd-Ja ?:doc? to show love, regard,to treat with tendernClis, to fondle, a child,animal etc., opp. to md-.ia, which howeveris less in use.'-'ff!' yd-Ca mutual revilings Ma.; ma smdd-

la !Jail yd-I.'a s:J1'<lfJS mother und chil­dren abuse one another. Cs.: yu-ga budreputation (?).

~'~-.r ya-gydl v. ya 1.

~·t::(.:n yd-lia(-ba) C. nlso ·yd-lia-bo*(prob. for r!Ja ndn-pt!) shuddering,

fright, anguish, with geniI. or accus. of thatwhich is the cause of itDo.; yd-,ia-bai dmug­(sd[p Mil. n fonuidnule host; yd-liai ~sterrible danger Plh.

~'J' yd-II./. v. letter ya.

~.~. prop. 04'.... ya -tr~ (procession and.-;~ feast, iD IJonour of SOlUe

idol) IV.: festivity, reveling, in !Mer witIJdUlllplings und pastry, held in nutumn orwinter, in memol'y und for the benefit ofthe souls of those that died during the lastyear.

04'.~ yd-dQ v.!Ja 1.

04"'fyd-po butcher; execulioner Scill'.

~'.::r yd-ba prob. = rya-IJu. - ;\Iii. 'I

t"I'.::f''ll'~ ya-ba-kJii-l·(I. &1:. saltpetre Aled.-A'"t.l.!'·,;:r yd-mu 1. the temples. - 2. a severe

cold, catarrh. Med.; ·!la-ma mg· W.I huve a had cold. - 3. n. of a goddess,- l".tdn-1IIa.~a:4"aC:' ya_lIIa_zu,i unsymmetrical, incon­

gruous, not fitting together, e. g.two unequal shoe~; of religions, Innguages,

o

customs, that have sprung from heteroge-neous elements; of behaviour: inconsistent;

unheard of, prodigious, <V //W// magic feats

Tur.

yflMwa-Wo, "yo-JikWa*, U: ya-

ma-la-po, Ts.: *i/u-nni-l<'n-te*,

/./>.: = 8ttytn-po~med-pat mi-bden-pa vain,

unstable, fickle, not to be trusted or depended

upon.

yd-mfsan 1. wonder, miracle, super-

natural occurrence, adopted also as

the term for the miracles of Scripture ('hi-.

I 'rot.; ltds-sam yd-mfsan ii. Itynii J):l. what

signs and wonders have happened? yd-infsan-du ^yyiir-ba Dzl. to happen, to cometo pass in a marvelous manner; yd-mfsan-ste l*th. being a wonderful man; Kyod-la

Odi-tsam riy-pa-med-pani yd-mfsan-ceo that

you are so ignorant is very strange (wonder-

ful); *yd-fsem-po* C. marvelous, miraculous;

yd-fsam-can \d.Schr. 2. wonder, astonish-

ment, amazement, t'</ydl-po yd-mfoan cen-po

skyh-te Tar the king greatly wondering;

*ydm-fsan fsur-ce, co-ce* W. to wonder; yd-

mtsan-yyi ynds-so Tar. it is a thing to be

wondered at; de-tsam yd^mfsan-ryyu medMil. that is not so very astonishing.

yd-ya 1. (.'s.: differing, diverse, yd-ya-ba diversity; yd-ya-bor yyur-ba Sch.:

a subject of dispute, contrariety of opinion.- 2. yyd-ya.

ya-y6 crooked, wry, col. 6s.

yu-lad corselet and helmet, mail, ar-

mour, yser-yyi of gold; also fig. B.

'

yd-ka v. ya II.

ya-hu-dd Judah, ya-hu-dd-pa jewMr. Prot.

"

y^-ho-u-n Jehovah C/u: I'mi.

ydy-pa a small mattock, hoe, cdy-yayiron hoe, bin-yog wooden hoe Ts.

yfy-P> Prov - also Ja9-P> seldom

in B., but otherwise common in C.

and W. good, in all its significations, both

as to men and things,=

bzdh-po;*del pi-

la di ydy-po* W. for that purpose this is

good, fit, serviceable; *yug-^o }h-pa* 6'.,

505

*cd-&?* W., c. c. /. to caress, to flirt, also

in ;ui obscene sense; ydy-po ydy-po well,

well!

,//1. (accented), again, once more;

likewise, also, further, frq.. //a// yah Mil.,

yaii </(th ydh-du Tar., ydh-nas ydh-du Dzl.

again and again; joined to adj. and adv.

denoting a higher degree, still: y<tii cuh Mil.

still smaller, Odi ci-yah-las yah dyd-ba big

byuh Mil. that was still more pleasing than

any thing before; yah syos Mil. still more

in detail; *ydh-hon-zay* W. the third daybefore yesterday. 2. (unaccented, throw-

ing the accent back on the preceding word),

after the final letters g, d, b, s, gen. kyah,

after vowels often ,a/i, also, too, the Latin

quoque, na yah, bdag kyan I too; bu ce-ba

yah Dzl. my eldest boy too;bsod-nams dan

yaii Iddn-pa Dzl. having also merit; yah

yah ,both and

; Odi yah de yahboth this and that, pyi-rol yah nah yahboth outside and inside; followed by a ne-

gative, neither nor; yah singly, with a ne-

gative: not even, kar-sd-pa-ni ycig kyahmi sbyin-no Dzl. I shall not even give a

cowry for it; yah with a comparative (as

above) Still, shdr-bas kyah Ihdy-par still

more than formerly; as effect of a preced-

ing cause, SO then, kyeu de yah fse Odas-so

Dzl. so then the boy died, bsdd-pa yahgraiis-med-do Dzl. so then there were peoplekilled without number; emphat., even, rlh-

por ma Ion-par smra yah ses-so Dzl. within

a short time he was even able to speak;sha-cdd kyah Dzl. even before this; kar-

sd-pa-ni Oburn yah even so much as a

hundred thousand cowries (i would give);

also joined to a verbal root: fams-cad Odus

/y/rt/ieven if all without exception be gather-

ed; although, btsal kyah nut rnyed although

they were seeking, they did not find, or,

they were seeking indeed, but did not find;

this latter turn is frequently used, where

we use but, yet, nevertheless etc.

' yah-skydr 1. sbst. postscript. Cs.

- 2. adv. again, afresh, anew C.

yuh-ye v. ydii-po.

")5

CUSt.oID8, that 11I\\,(I sprung from hcteroge­noou!! elements; of hell/wiaul': inconsistent;IInheard of, prodigious, w.oprlilmagic fcnt6Tur.~'e:i'~~: !/(I.ma.bdll, *!jfl-Jllll.lu*, 0: !Ja.

r:.:- mil-fa-po, 1.. : *flil-J/la-lm.te-,Lu.: - .1IyiJi-po·/Ile(]-PIl, mi.lxUn-pa vain,unstable, fickle, not to be trusted or dependedupon.~.~~. va-mtS/1Il 1. wonder, miracle. super-

natural occurrence, nd0l'tcu nlso Mthe term for the mifllclcs of Scripture Cllr.Prof.; lttis-Mllt yd-mfsatl ,i b!Jwi LJzL whntsigns nlld wonders Imve 1H\llllClIcd? yd­m(aim-du o!l!Jur-ba D::l. to happen, to colneto pass in n nlll.f,'clolls manner; lId-'lIl(S/I.1I­

lIe Ptk being a wonderflll lUau; I?!JOd-w.odi-/,$a/ll J;y-pa"lIIld-.palli yu-m(s(lli. '(/'0 tha~

YOU lI.reso ignorant is \'cry strnnge (wonder.ful); *!Ju.(-rlll.po* r..:.marvelons, miraculous;!ld-4a1/l-i:aJ~ id. Sclll', - 2. wonder, astonish­ment, amazement, rV!JJ.l-po !lJ.'1II(~al1 ebl-poslqJh-tt Tar tbe king gl'eatly wondcring;·ydm-(sall (Wi"i:c, M-U* IV. to wonder; yd­lIl(saJ~-gyi ]'IUU-30 Tal', it is " thing to bewoudered at; di-ttJam !Jd-m(sUlH'[JYU mfflMil. that is not so \'ery astonishing.<J{':J,j' yd-ya 1, (.:.,: differing, diverse, ya-ya-

ba diversity; yJ.-yu-001' !J!J.ir-ba Sell.:a subject of displ1tc, contmriety of opinion.- 2, fyd-ya,

t.\i·af !Ju-yd crooked, wry, 001, fA,

t.\i'~l)' ya-lad corselet and helmet, mail, ar·mour, rtll'-yyi of gold; also fig. lJ.

~'''9' yd.Ja v. ya II.

~'1S ya-llU..M JUdah, Yll-ku-da-pa jew-""r.; Cltl'. ltot.

~~ra' ya'/w-ICJ Jehovah CllI'. Prot,o

~:fJ':f yJ.g_pa a small mallock, hoe, My-yuyiron hoe, ii"-vag wooden hoe 1•.

~::rrar yag-po, prov, also Jug-po, seldomin n" bl1t otbel'\\isc common in C.

and W. good, in ull its significations, both1\8 to men and things, - lIza"'-po; "iki pl'_fa di ydy-po" W. for that purpose til is illgoo<1, fit, sel'viceablc; "yr;rrpo )h!-pa" C.,

tI

"i:&-le" W:, c. c. la, to caress, to flirt, "Isoill an obscene ~nsc; .'Idy-po yuy-pD wtll,well!t.\jl:;' yal' 1. (l'Cccutcd), again, once more;

likewise, also, further, frq.,!jwi yali Mil"!JaI' dan YUli.du Tar., !jan-nus ya,i-du Dzl.again and again; joioed to adj. and adv.denoting a highcr degree, still: yUH blh Mil.still smaller, "di li_y,ui_lll. !filii d!Ja-ba ~ig

bVUli Mil. thnt WIlS still morc pleasing thanUDy thing before; !fu,i 'yOfJ Mil, still morein dctail; ·1/aii-wm-za!l W: the tlJird daybefore yesterday. - 2. (un:l.ccented, throw­ing the accent back on th~ preceding word),after the final lettel'1l g, d, b, s, g~lI. J.yu,i,after vowels often _an, also, too, the Latinquoque, ,ia !J'Ui, lx/au k1/u,j I too; bu U·bu!la,j Dd. my eldest boy 100; bsQd..na"", dun.yail. Man-pa Dz/. having also mcrit; !J'l,j ­!fuii -, both - and -; o,/i yan - dt ylllibOlh this and that, P1Ji-rol yuh 1~W' 1/llIj

botll ouL,;ide aml inside; followed by a ne­gative, n~itller - nor; 1/wi singly, with a ne­gative: not ~ven, kal'-~d·pa·l1i rei!J kyul'1/Ii sbyin.lIo D=l. I :.hull not e\'eu give acow!'y for it; ywj with a coml'tt.rative (asabove) still, sildr-bcu k1/un fMy-par stillJUore than formerly; I\S effect of l\ preced­ing cause, so tll~n, l:!Jeu de !Ian (u "din-3/)D:l. so then the boy died, wdd - pa yan.gra,iHlltd-do Dzl, so tbcD tlJere wcre peoplekilled witLout number; clllphal, even, ,'if,·pol' lila 161l-par sml'a yun ih-w D:::l. with-iua short time he \\'I\S e\'ell able w speak;siill-Md kyan Dzl, e\'en before this; Iml'­'J. -pa -1/i obI/III !la,j even so much IlS ahundred thousand cowries (I would gire);also joined to a verbal root: (allls-i:ad odu.I.?/w' even if all without exception be gather­ed; although, bual I.·yuh tll4 '''lytd alt.houghthey were seeking, they did llot find, or,they were seeking indeed, but did DOt find;this latter tUTU is frequeut.ly used. wherewe usc but, yet, neverth~less etc.

:;.r.::~" yan-dyur 1. s~s,- postscript. ~,

:;::I _ 2. ad I'. agam, afresh, anew r.,:,~;:,.:t]. yuu-ge v, !Ju".po,

506

f/an-sgos

ydn-sgos v. yah 1.

yaw-ear Shot, and

ya v. ydii-po.

ydn- jug the second of two final

letters, viz. s after g, n, b, m.

ydn-tri, ydh-gi-Ua (spell-

ing uncertain), is said to

be the n. of a green stone, which is worked

into handles of knives etc. W.

U^'^TTO" ydn-dag-pa v. ddg-pa.

y,. _. ydn-na or, in 5., com. pleon. after the

' affixed am (gam, nam etc.), which

in itself already expresses the or; it is also

preceded by dan; further, Thgy.; either -

or, yan-na (ni) yan-na (ni) .

^' ydn-sprul v. sprul-pa.

ydn-po 6s., *ydn-mo* C. and W.*ydn-

ghe* Ts. adj., ydn-ba adj. and sbst.,

light, lightness, opp. to Ici-ba, q. cf.; fig.

Qjam-zin ydn-ba what is soft and light, com-

modious and easy DzL; of food cf. Ici-ba II.;

weak, *de san ydn-mo yin* W. this is a

weaker, less emphatic, word than that; *no

ydn-mo* 6'., W. cheerful, happy.

ydn-ma early barley, v. nas I.

Sch.

~ mes~P 9rea^ grandfather,

ydn-mes-mo great-grandmother

ydn-rtsal very high skill, consum-

mate art Mil.

yan~rtse *ne highest Pin

t, summit, fig.

the height of perfection.

ydn-fsa great-grandson Sch.

'x? ydn-raW. buck, ram, he-goat, =pd-ra.

,"f^|" ydt'i'la prob.= ydn-na S.g.

ydn-sos n. of a hell Thgy.

y<*>ns-pa 1. also -po, wide, broad,

large, fan, sa-yzi a large or wide

field, plain Glr.; yans-sin rgya-ce-ba largeand spacious, of a house S.O.; *gu-sa (or

ydn-pa

ne-sa) yan-pa dug* W. here is much room;

fig. *mig-ydn* 6'.,W. liberal, generous, boun-

teous; *yan-med-la, yan-ydn-pa-la* W.

sudden, unexpected, unawares;*yan -lug

co-ce* W. to hang or throw a coat over,

without getting into the sleeves; yan-sam

byed-pa id., Sch.; *yan-lilub* 6'., W. wide,

of clothes. 2. v. yyen-ba.

x' ydns-pa-can, Ssk. %^TT5ft, DzL' and elsewh., city in ancient

India, now Allahabad.

yan ( ya II, opp. to man III q. v.)

what is uppermost, man-yan below and

above 6s.; ydn-na 6s.: above, in the begin-

ning, in the first part; gen. yan stands as

adv. or postp. with accus.,=

ydn-la, yan-

cdd(-la), yan-cod(-ld), above, in the upper

part, lte-ba yan sten-la yod-de Glr. lit. above

the navel standing out of (the water), i.e.

standing in (the water) up to the navel;

sta-zur yan-cdd DzL above the hips; lo-

brgycid yan-cdd Pth. above eight years old;

otherwise when referring to time, always

till, to;often preceded by nas, from . . . forth,

Glr.

'yan-ljitl dulcimer, musical instru-

ment in Ts.

ydn-pa adj., free, vacant, unoccupied,

having no owner, of places and things

that are common property, like the air, rocks

and stones etc.; Kyi ydn-pa a dog without

a master, vagrant dog; gral yan -la yodthere are yet places unoccupied; of fields:

unfilled, fallow-ground; yan Kydr-la ma ca,

v. Jcydr-ba; ydn-gar-ba separate, apart, by

itself Lis., rgyal-rigs ydn-gar-ba zig a se-

parate dynasty, a dynasty of its own; ydn-

gar-du id, adv. Was. (281); rgya-ydn the

external world, rgya-ydn(-gyi) ynyen-paGlr. a helper from the external world

;sems

rgya-ydn-du ma sor-bar byos take care that

the mind be not distracted by outward

things; *yan ca-ce* W. to disperse, *lug,

nor fsan-ma, sam-pa yan son* W., the sheephave dispersed (or a sheep has strayed),

the fortune is gone, the thoughts are lost,

wandering; ydn-du jug-pa to suffer (the

sheep) to disperse on the pasture ;nad yan-

~'if~ ydii-.got \'. yail 1.

ur-.'~ ydA-/ur Wwt. and &lrr.

"ICt yaH-JCI ". ""'-po.tJ,(.::'c:.=.:rr ydit-Jug the second of IwO fiolll

....... Ietten!:, 'l"iz•• after g, 10, b, fit.

t.\'t:;.~, u.,'t:;V ¥Wi-tri,yd~-gi-~G(lI~lI_mg uncertain). IS saId to

be dIe D. nf Ii green stODe, which is workedinto hlUldles of kuin~s etc. W

~'l)~'f ydil-dlJg-pa v. ddy-pa.

u.r.:..'~' !Jdri.71a or, in lJ., com. ploon.aft.er ~heaffixed um (gum, num etc.), which

ill itself alrendy upresses tIle or; it is nlsopreceded by dail; further, 'l'hg!J.; either­or -, ya,;-nu (ni) - lIUJ;-na (m)-.

u.r.:...~~ yM-aprul v. sprlil-pa.

~'q=" ydri-]XJ Ca., -yan-foo- G: and 1V. -!ldil-gM' T•. adj., yali.-ba ndj. and sbst.,

light. lightness, opp. to ll:i-ba, q. d'. j - fig.Jam-Zili yuli-ba 'III·lIat is soft and light, com­modious and ew;y frJ,.j offood cf.LH-ba 11.;weak, -tk Mri yUri-mo yin- IV. this is a"'caker, leg emphatic, word than thnt; -,,;0

ytbi...W- e, 1V. cheerful, happy.

~'&f yu,,-nw earty barley, .,. naI J.

t.\'C'i{~q=" ytiit-Jnn-pIJ great. grandfather,yuoi-mn-MO great-grandmother

s".t.\'I::gar ytiri-rt3Ql very high skill, cOl\$lJm­

mate art Mil.ur-,',g- yd,;-rlM the highest poin~ summit, fig.

the height 01 perfection.

u..:rt:.'a;:' yuli-f.a great-grandson &/,.

~!:.'.z;' ydJi-ra w: buck, ram,he·goal,_/JU_I'Il.

~!:,'r..j' !lUI••la prob. ,., y'/Ii-na S.g.

~!:.'~'r yu,i__ n. of a. hell TI".!y.

~!:.~.f~r ylhi',pa 1. also -pt), wide, broad.large, fwi, 'll-yZi II. In.rge or wide

field, plaiD Glr.; yaM-lili rgya-~t-JJa lugeaDd spacious, of a bOll5e S.D.; -glt'M (or

7fi-.a) yali-pu dug- IV. here is mllt:h room;fig. -mifJ-!Jd"- C., IV. liberal, generous. boun­teous; -!Ju>i-tnid-la, ya,;-ydli-pa-la- Iv.liUdden, une.s.pected, uDa"'uK; .yait -Iii!!Cd-h- W. to lwtg or thro,,' Il COllt O\'er,

"'ithollt gelting iuto the s!OO\'es; yali-iulfibyid-pu id., &J,.j -yaic-Mil"- C:, 11'. wide,of clolha. - 2. Y. ryH.-bu..~~:r-- ydic.-pa-<aN,SM.~, D:L

~ nnd else",·b., city in -.ocientIndia, DOW Allahabad.~ ytlN (- ya 11, opp. to maN 111 q. y.)

what is uppermost, man-yan beklw audabove u.; !Ian-nil ('.: above, in the begin­ning, in the first pari; geu. !Jun stand! asad\". or p.o~tp. \\;th nccus., - ydn--la, !JfJ.1l­

cM(-la), !Jun-COd(-Ia), above, in the upperpar~ ltc-bu llanllbl-la yd<l·ik Gfr. lit. abovethe D1wel staodiog out of (the water), i.e.staotling in (the wat.er) up 1.0 tJle navel;,Ia-zil,' !Jail-eM. D::l. lLoo\'e tbe bips; w­br9yJd ytln-ood Ptl, . • bo,·(' eight yl!nr5 old;otherwise wIlen refeniug to time, alwaystill, tOj often preceded 1Iy nfU, from ... forth,Gir.u..l.'t".£!I'"' !J"71-ljiJt dulcimer, luusie.1 iostru--,., --::; ment in '1,.~-'f ytiJl-PU adj., free. 'aeant, unoccupied.~ tlaving no owner. of placl!S and things

thntlU'e common propc:rt)',like the air,roehIWd stones etc..; J!yi. ydn-pu a dOl; "'itbonta. maSter, \'agrsot dog; gral yan -Ia yodtbere are yet placel ullOttupied; of fields:untilled, fallow-ground; !/Un tyd,..la mil i'll,". j!yur-ba; ydn-gar-Jxa separate, apart, byitself LiJ., rgyaI-ri!J' yd"'1Jar-oo ng n se­parate dJnast)', a. dynasty of its own; '!JUII­gar-dll id" ad,'. lVUI.(281); I'f/Yu-yun theexternal world, rgga-ydn(-Y!fI) m!Jht-paGlr. n lIelper from the external world; Bem8

rgya-ydll-du 1Ila ~Qr-bal' bp tlLke care tbiltthe mind be not distrncted by outwardthings; -yan ea-~- 11': to disperse, -lug,1Wr {Mli-11Ia, aam-pa yan IOn- W, the sheephave dispersed (or a sbeep bu strayed),the fortune is goDe, the thoughts are lost,waudering; ydn-dll .JrirnHl. to suffer (Ibes.heep) to disperse OD tb6 pasture; nad yUx-

wandering (contagious) lis<-a>', = yams. (t/<in-/i

to run about, to wander <SVA ,

is rather doubtful).

i/,hi-l<i<i 1. member, limb, ydn-lay//HI aim>. 1<-^. and head AI/'i;/.:

*k-i/<'i-!-<in. an injured or defective

linil) /,/./.: </tin-/<i<i iii/ttmti-pa weak in the

limbs, decrepit, crazy,= zd-ba Lex. 2.

fig. branch of a river, branch of a tree; dge-

lixiiifim-yyi ydn-lay yzuii-bur byyio Do. was

explained: I wish to be counted a branch,

i.e. a member, of the community of novices;

appendage, something subordinate to a great-

er thing, like branch-establishment Tar. lib,

3; also with reference to books: appendix,

supplement Tar. 3. branch, section, sepa-

rate part of a doctrine or science, frq., a par-

ticular head, point, thought, in a treatise.

yab -> resp. for pa, father, rgydl-po yab

yum ysum Glr. the king and his two

consorts; rgydl-po yab yum denotes also

king and queen as father and mother to

the country Glr.', yab ryydl-po-la ysol-to

Dzl. he said to his royal lather; yab-wd&father and son, in a spiritual sense : master

and disciple; yab-mes l. father and grand-

father. -J. progenitor, ancestors Glr.

U b -Va i nJdb -Pa h to

lock, lock up, secure, cover

over <SV/<., yab-ca things well secured, under

safe keeping; ydb-yob-pa to hide, conceal

Sch. ; yyab or yyab-sa covered place, covert,

shelter <SV//.; yal> riii-po portico, veranda,

e g. of the monastery at Tashilhunpo; <f/a6-ru.s

awning, tent Sch. 2. ( . to skim, to scoop

off, from the surface of a fluid. 3. W.

to move to and fro, hither and thither, v. yyol-

pa.'

ydb-> Yy<*b

-mo 1 the act

of fanning, waving, ldy-pa

ydb-mo bycd-cin O ci-ba dying whilst wavingthe hand to and fro, considered as a sign of

peace Do.; yos-kyi ydb-mo byed-pa Glr. to

beckon by waving with one's clothes; hence

fig. 2. the bringing on, provoking, dyi-d-boi

of an enemy Alii., Opun-)'::it a calamity Mil.;

ydb-mo )/te'-pa or yydy-pa to beckon to

come, to bring (something adverse) upon

507

one's self. 3. fan, riia-ydb a. a yak-tail

fan C*. b. kettle-drum stick Sch.' sbran-

ydb fly-brush ( 's. rluii-ydb ventilating- or

cooling-fan C*.\ bxil-i/dib pankah (/////.), a

large fan suspended from the ceiling and

set in motion by means of a string. 4.

sail Cs. 1

*q* udm-bu rdo-fadd v. rdo com p.N3 "

yam -me-ba 1. Sch. : coarsely,

roughly, of a coarse make, rough-

hewn. 2. Mil.: cut Kd-na par-la ydm-me

yseys he walked softly gliding across the

water to the other bank.

yam-yom Cs. also yam-yam Thyr.

tottering, not steady Cs. yam~y6m

byed-pa to totter.

yams, yams-ndd 6s., nad-ydms Glr.

epidemic or contagious disease, plague,

md-yams a plague caused by evil spirits, v.

md-mo.

yar, from ya, up, upward, also ydr-la,

e.g. yziys-pa to look up Glr., ydr- gro

mdr- aro byed-pa Glr. to travel up and

down; yar mar Ocdy-pa B., *ky6d-ce* W.

resp., to walk up and down; ydr-la Kyer

soy bring or fetch up Pth.; yar ma sayugs

mar ma Ofon-par Pth. as it would go off

neither upward by vomiting, nor downward;

ydr-nas mar-la from top to bottom; yar fun-

pa Thyy. to come up again, from a depth;

*yarmar fsan-ma-ru* W. in every direction,

all over; in such expressions as yar laii-ba

to rise, get up, yar Opel-ba to increase, it

stands pleon.; ydr-la also denotes a relation

to that which is higher, the intercourse with,

the deportment towards, superiors (mdr-fa

the contrary) Glr.', esp. with reference to

the transmigration of souls and their final

deliverance: yar ycod-pa to cutoff the wayto the three upper classes of beings, the so-

called 'good natures', yar skye-ba to be re-

born in the upper classes, the reverse of

which is mar Ogn'b-pa to sink down to the

lower; yar Odrm-pa to draw or lift up to

heaven.

ydr-Uos imitation Sch.

pa 'uud~ripg(con~gio\ls)II~a..~.- ya_&11. C!d"'J'<I to rLln aOOUI, to "l'ander &11 ,jj ",lb~r doubtful).:;..:,,"'::rr p ...tog t. membet'. limb, yd,..,wg

... -, illu. 'll'lll, Iqr->, aod h~ad J/Hfi.;~"9 d16,..;a,. an illjure<l or defoctivelimb Lu.; yUM-lug nyu_l'" "-ealt in thelifll~, dK-rcJlit, ern)', - ~ci-ba J~. - 2.lig. branch of a ri,tf, brand! 01 a tree; dyt­btnyht-fIYI" !<;,t-Juy r:Nit-bar bgyitJ /)0. 111-&1

txlll,ioe<!: I 'Aish to he counted" broncll,i.e. a 1»elOlJer. of the eomlDunity of novices;appendage,sometl,iog subordinate to Ilgreat,.er thing, like branch-establishment Tur.175,:1; also with reference 10 bookj: appendix,supplement '1'u.r. - 3. branch, section, sepa·rate part of It doctrine or science, frq., n par·ticular head, point, thought, in a trelliisc.~:::r yab, re~p. for Ihl, father, I'!!!Jcil-po !lub

!fllln ,sum Gi,,, the king ao\1 !lis 1'1'0coni>Ortlli 'yydl-po !Jab !fum denotes nlsoking and queen as f:ltber nnd mother to

tile country Gir.; yah "!!!Jai-IJO-/1J tadi-toD::I. lie !!aid to his royal lather; yuJr..rti.lather and son. in A spiritual ~nse: muterand disciple; yah-lith J. father and grand.fatlter. 1. progenitor, anceJtors Gir.~.:r.q :ro..'.:;r.:r Jdb-po., nJdb - pa l. 10

, T' lodl.lock uP,lecure,coverover &4., yab-& things well seeured, underSAfe kcepiug; Jdb-yoirpa to hide, ('on«AI&1.; rya/J or nJoo- covered place, covert,sheller &11.; ".Ib nit -lJO portico, veranda,e g. of the luonAsteryAtTasbilhunpo; yab-rtuawning, lent Sdt. - 2. C. 10 skim. 10 .seeopoft, from the ,urface of a Quid. - 3. lY.to move to and fro, hither and thither, \'. ry6b·pa.-r).{.:r;f .cf'fl.q.~; yd&.-m~, r!Jdh-1I.10 1. the act

, of fanmng, waving, /dV1X1yah-lIIe bgNi-HI; ."[1-00 dying whilst wn"iogthe hand to lind fro, considered ns a sign oflienee Do.; gtk-J.yi yuh-me byM.-pa Gl,'. tol>eckon by waying with one's clothcs; hencefig. _ 2, the bringing on, provokint* dgr'rJ..Wlof r.o enemy J\/il., .p"N-iSi a cnlAmi~y Mii.;ydb-wlQ )1tI.pa or )'!lUg-po to beckon toCOllIe, to hriug (.....melbing ad"erse) UIIUU

007

one', self. - 3. fan, rita-ydb A. A yak-tailfall w. b. kettle-drum ,tick I..; abrait_yUh ny.brush l.a.; rlllit-!Jdh ventilating- orcooling-fan u..; Mii-ydh pankah (/lilfd.), aIllirge f-.n sosp<'nded from tile e~iling and- t ill motion by 1.D.~ans of a string. - 4..sail ( .. ,

~1%4"S' y<lm-lnl - rdo·6«d y. rOO COlDjl.

"'1%4",if:J. yam-fN-/)a 1. SeA.: ~oarstJy,roughly, of a ctarse mue, rtl.

hewn. - t. Mil.: Cui fd-1M fxjr-/a ydm-7M

,'Utp he walked soflly gliding across thewater to the other ballk.

r).{~'iXf;r yum-ydm u. algo yu."I-y(;'" TN.!".lottering, not steady C•. ya1l~"1

byld-pa to totter.

tJ{~~' Ya/JII, yunu-111ld C." 1lUd-ydriu Gb·.epidemic or contagious disease, plague,

mJ-!l(wl. n plnguc Cllused by el'il spirits, '•.ma_mo,

t./o.t.::..' !lar, from ya, up, upward, Also yur-Ia.e.g. y::i[p-po to look up Glr., yJr-.f/'rt'

mar-o!Iro hyld - pa GIr. to tra\·el up lUlddowo; yar 'IPIar .lay-pa /J., .kydd-h. IV.~p., to walk up l\Dd do..·o; yd,.../IJ ~icy bring or feteh up !'tit.; yar ",a '!I!fII9'WIGr _ .fthl-po:r PtA. as it would go offoeitherop..-anl. by,·omiting. nOldo.n.ard;9flr-- mtir-la from top to bouom; yo:r.em­1'0 TItt./Y. w come up agAin, frolll a depth;·!fOr INGr &a~-f'Il. W. ill t!,·ery direction,all ovcr; ill soch expressiooi as yar la;,«to rist, get up, yar J;a.ba to increase, it5tMd picon.; !lar-/a also denote! ... relationto thRt which is higher, tllC intercourse with.,the d"portmeot towllrd;l, superiors (nldr-lathe contnu1') Gir.; esp.....ith reference tothe tomsmigrntion of souls and their finaldeli\'ernllcc: yal' rMd-pa to cut off the Vl'fl.y

to the three upper c111Sses of beings, tile so­c"lIed 'good natures', yar d.yi-ba to be re­born in thc upper classes, the re\'erse of....hich is '11lal' ogrih-pa to iink dowil to thelower; yar odrm-pa to draw or lift up tohe,well.

~~fV ydr.lto. imitation &It.

508

ydr-ba yi-ge

__._. ydr-ba to disperse, ramble, stray C.

(= *2/aw cd-ce* PP.); to spring or leap

off C's.;to be scattered &?A.

. yar-lun Glr. a large tributary of

theYangtsekyangcomingfrom the

north, in western China, east of the town

ofBathang; nevertheless Tibetan historians,

from a partiality to old legends, describe

it as flowing near the mountain of Yarlha-

sampo. V. Kopp. II, 50.

y.^.aj.p-..g<r' Yarlhasampo, asnowy moun-

tain, between Lhasa and the

frontier of Bhotan, near which according

to tradition the first king of Tibet, fnya-

ttri-ytsdn-po, Nyatitsdngpo, coming from

India, first entered the country.

ydl-ga branch, bough, frq., ydl-gai

fsul-du ramified S. g., ydl-ga-can

branchy, full of boughs; yal-prdn 6s., yal-

ga preu Sch. small branch, twig; yal- ddb

a branch full of leaves Cs.

yl-ba to dwindle, fail; disappear,

vanish, drod yal animal heat (in a

living being) diminishes, (an inanimate ob-

ject) cools down, grows cold; nad yal it

evaporates Lt.;of beer : to get stale, dead

(W.: *yal cd-ce*}; *(s)kug(s) gydl-Kan-la

yal ca dug* W. the stake is lost in going

to the winner; Qja ydl-ba bzin-du Glr. like

the vanishing of the rainbow; yal-sul Wdn.

in a fruit the remnants of the withered

blossom; to be obliged to yield, to be dislodg-

ed Glr. fol. 25, but perh. the signification:

to disappear is also here admissible; lus dan

srogyal Dzl. body and soul are trifled away,are lost; *go-ydl* (v. sgo-po) one who has

lost himself by gambling and has thus be-

come the slave of another; ydl-bar Odor-ba,

Jbor-ba, I. Sch. to annihilate, annul. 2. Cs. to

despise, yzan other people. Cf. ydl-ba.

yal-ydl *. 1 00 000 octillions, yal-

ydl cen -po a nonillion

; yet cf.

dkngs-pa.

Usjor&PT, -vwyal ~y6li -y^1 inconstancy,^inattention, carelessness 6s.,

Sch.

ya*->fr m ya,

1 from above, Jbdb-pato come down from above 6s. ; above,

yds-kyi the one above, the upper one Do. ;

yds-nas from above C1

., yas mas, a. from

above and from below 6s. b. upward and

downward 6s.; yas-byon coming from above

Mil. 2. off, away, yas yton-ba, Qpan-yds

ytoit-ba, ytor-yas byed-pa Glr. and elsewh.,

to throw away. 3. in comp. without, tnfa-

yds without an end, endless, frq.; bgran-ydsnumberless Gram.

ju- yi, 1. num. fig.: 54. 2. in some com-

binations inst. of yid, so yiycod-pa yi(d)

cdd-pa \. to forget, e.g. a benefactor Glr.

2. more frq. to give up, to despair Dzl.; de-

spondency, despair Mil.; yi-pri-ba a disliking,

hatred 6s. ; yi(d}-mug-pa, yi-mug-par Ogyur-ba to despair, frq.; yi-rdn-ba to be glad,

to rejoice, v. rdn-ba; yi-ysdd-pa Cs. = yi-

mug-pa.

yl-9a appetite, yi-ga Ogag, Idog the

appetite is lost, aversion, disgust is

felt, yi-ga sdan id. Sch.; O cus id. Med.; yi-

gar ^on it is grateful to the taste, it tastes

well Med.

ukrzrr y*~ffe ^n comP- yig-> 1- letter, yi-ge dbu-'

can( W. *rom-yig*} theTibetan printed

letters, dbu-med( W.*ta-yig*} current hand-

writing, of which there are again different

kinds: dpe-yig the more distinct and care-

ful, used in copying books, Jfyug-yig the

cursory and often rather illegible writing in

letters, andQbam-yig, the very large and

regular style invented for the use of ele-

mentary writing -schools (v. specimens of

all of them in the lithogr. supplement to

6s.'s grammar). yi-ge-drug-pa the six-

syllable (prayer), theOmmanipadmehumG^1

.

and elsewh.; yi-ge-bditn-pa and brgyd-paMil.? yi-ge bsldb-pa to learn reading and

writing, yig-rtsis reading, writing, and cy-

phering; kd-yig the letter k. 2. anythingthat is written, note, card, bill, document;

inscription, title (mor^ accurately #a-^),esp.

letter, epistle; yi-ge bzdg-pa a deposited do-

cument, bond C.; dge-sdiy-gi yi-ge register

of virtues and iniquities ; yi-gei Ian a written

answer Glr.; yi-gei subs a. envelope, b. letter-

case, pocket-book; yi-ge Obri-ba to write a

letter, sprin-ba W. *kdl-ce* to send off, fob-

508

~'::"~' yUI'-ba to disperse, ramble, stray C.(= ·!Jan cd-u· IV); 10 spring or leap

off GiJ.; to be scalleNld &11.~~;':l"" !Jar.lun Glr. a large tribnt..'\ry of

~.., the Yangtsekyangcoroingfrom thenortil, in western China, east of the townofBathang; nevertheless Tibetllll historians,froro a partillli~y to old legends, describeit a:; flowing near the mountain of YarJlm·SlImpo. V. Kiipp. II, 50.u..j~.=rn ..;.r'f Yal'lha.iampo, asuowy moun·

'<; I • - • tain, between Lha:;a and thefrontier of Bhotan, near which accordingto trodition the first king of Tibet, T1Iya­~ti-rudil-po, Nya(iu,dnfjpo, cODling frOmJndia, first entercd the country.!N1lI'=l']' yal1Ja branch, bough, frq., ydl-fJai

fsU/-d« ramified S.y., !Jul.ga-canbranch)", full of boughs; yal-pdn <d., yul.ga p'reu Seh. small brooch, twig; yul·oddva brnnch fuJI of leaves ("!Nr.lf'r yul-va to dwindle, fail; disappear,

vanish, drod !Jal animal heat (in alh'ing being) diminishes, (an inanimMe ob­ject) cools down, grows cold; ,iad yal ite,"aporntes Lt.; of boor: to get stale, dead(lY.: ·!Jul Cd-te-); ~(.)ku!J{s) fl!Jdl-T:o.n-wNul co. dug· IV. the stake is lost in goingto the winner; Ja !JdMa bZfn-du GIl'. likethe vanishing of the rainbow; yal-sut Wa,l.in a fruit the remnants of tlle witberedblossom; to be obliged to yield, to be dislodg·ed Glr. fo1. 25, but perh. the signification:to disappear is also here admissible; llU dUlisrog yal Dzl. body and soul are trifled aWllY,are lost; ·yo-yal" (v. $yQ.-po) one who haslost himself by gambling and has thus be­come th~ slave of anotber; ytll·b«r odJr-I.Ju,oh6r.ba, I. Seh. to annihilate, annul. 2. C6. todespise, r-~«n other people. Cf. ydl-ba.

u..jlll~rll· yal.yal G8. lOOOClO octillions, !Jal-yal Un. po a nonillion; yet cr.

dkriq&-pa.!Nr..fV:Pr -W~' !Jal- yel, .yUl inconstancy,

, "o,;S inattention, carelessness G8.,Seh.u..j~' !Jas, from '!Ja, 1. from aboii'e, ovdb-pa

to come down from above £:s.; above,

ya.-kyi the one abo"e, the upper oue Do.;ya$·ntu from above C., yWJ mas, a. fromabove and from below <d. b. upward anddownward C•. ; !JM-bydn coming from aboveNil. - 2. off, away, yas rtdti.-b«, jJali-yd3rM,j.ba, rtor-yaa v!JM.pa Glr. and e1se .....h.,10 tbrowaway. - 3. in compo without, mfa­!Ids without an end, endless, frq.; bgrU1i.ydsnumberless Gram.~'!li, 1. num. fig.: 54. - 2. in some com-

binations ins\. of yid, so yi reM-pa yi(d)cdd-pa I. to forget, e.g. a benefuctor Glt-.2. more frq. to give up, to despair Dzl.; de­spondenCY,despair Mil.; !Ji-pri-ba It disliking.hatred G8.; !Ji(d)-mug-pa, yi--muy.par c1JY"r­ba to despair, frq.; !Ji-rdn-ba to be glad,to rejoice, v. rai1-ba; yi-r$dd-pa G8. = yi­mug-pa.~'l:Jf lIl'1Ju appetite, yi-ga o,ag, ldOff the

appetite is lost, aversion, disgu~t isfelt, yj.ga wa,j id. &/1.; oCu$ id. Med.; yi.g«1' ~Qli it is grateful to Ihe !nste, it tallieswell ~l1ed.

Ui'ay yi.ye in compo !Jig, 1. leiter, yi-!J<! dM-can( lY. ·r6m-yi!l) theTiLetan printe<l

letters, dbu-mM( W. *(a-yif!) cuneot hand­writing, of wbich there are again diffel'entkiuds: dpl-!Jig the more distinc~ aDd cal'C­ful, useu in copyinA' Vooks, oRyU!J-!Jig thecursory and often rather illegible writing inletters, and oOOm-yig, the very large andregular style invented for the use of ele­mentary writing.scbools (v. specimens ofall of them in the litbogr. supplement toCs.', gI'aHlmar). - !Ji-!J<!-drog-pa tbe six­syllable (I)rayer), the Ommanipadmehum Gil'.aud elsewh.; !Ji-[lt-bdim.pa and brfjyd.paMil.'! lIi.!Je vsldb-pa to learn l'eadiug ..'\nuwriting, !Ji!J-J't8i. rending, writing, and cy­pbering; I..d-y(y tbe letter k. - 2. anytbingtbat is writtea, nole, card, bill, document;inscription, title(mo~ accurately Ild-yiy), es~.letter, epistle; yi-ge bMg-pa a deposited do­cument, bond C.; dgNdIg-gi yI-t;e registerof virtlles and iniquitics; yf,.gei tun a wriltenanswer Glr.; !Ji-gei SUN a. envelope, b. letter·case, pockel.book; yi-ge ovri-ba to write II

letter, itpl'bl-ba if. ·kdt-~e* to send olI, fob-

yid

pa to receive u letter; yi-ye deb a letter

arrives; ///-</<r Jn-l-ba DzL, Oy6d-pa to com-

pose, to pen down; yi-yer Jbrir jug-pa to

get copied; ,'//-//"'/"'is joy pa literis man-

datum ,/,'i>i>mrc; xkii-yig letter, circular

epistle; />/-///</ v. above; cdd-yig contract,

bargain; Ocdms-yig dancing-book, rules re-

lating to religious dances; Ocol-yig letter of

recommendation Cs.; rtdg9~yig 1. stamp, sig-

nature ( *. 2. certificate, credentials W.; ynds-

yig description of a place; sprins- or Qprin-

yig=

skur-yig; bu-yiy 1. copy. 2. commen-

tary, opp. to md-yig \. original, first copy;2. text Cs.; ^dzin-yiy

=rtdgs-yig 2 W.

;2w-

///// memorial, petition; Idn-yig letter in

answer, reply; Idm-yig 1. hand-book, road-

book, guide, sdm-bha-lai lam-yig description

of the road to Sam bhala (a fantastical book).

2. itinerary, travelling-journal (?). 3. pass-port

ft

yi-dwags (from etymol. subtility

written also yid-tags or yid-biays),

,the fifth class of beings of Buddhist

cosmography, condemned in a fore-hell to

suffer perpetual hunger and thirst, a gradeof punishment preceding the final and full

torments of hell; they are represented as

giants with huge bellies, and very narrow

throats, inhabiting the air Kopp. I, 245.

jn-Mv yi-dam, less frq. yid-dam ( dam-

bca) resp. fugs-dam 1. oath, vow,

asseveration, promise, yi-dam-la brten-pasbecause he firmly adhered to his word DzL- 2. a 'wishing prayer' (v. smon-lani), yi-

dam bcd-ba to make a vow DzL, to pro-nounce a wishing prayer DzL 3. medi-

tation (this signification rests only on the

analogy with tugs-dam, and has yet to be

confirmed by quotations from literature).- 4. also yi-daiii-lhd tutelar god, a deity

whom a person chooses to be his patron,

whether for his whole life, or only for some

particular undertaking, and with whom he

enters into an intimate union by meditation:

frequently also it is adefunctsaint or teacher

(so e.g. the yi-dam of Milaraspa was rdo-

r)e- can); sometimes such a connection sub-

sists from infancy through life, or the deity

makes advances to ttie re-pective person

by special revelations, so in the case of king

Sron-btan-sgam-po Glr. 5. ace. to Ci.'a

proposition: sacrament; yet our Christian

converts preferred the more popular dam-

yi~9e as an affix, v. yi-ge.

yiy-b$kur, also yig-mgo, epistolary

guide, containing the different

addresses and customary phrases used in

writing letters W. - -yiy

- Kdft library'

chancery Schr. yiy-mKan secretary, book-

keeper, clerk Glr. and elsewh. yig-ca Glr.,

Tar. written accounts, records, books of history.

-yig-dpon a 'master-writer

1

6. --yig-

preii line, written or printed. yig- brii

a single letter. --yig-fsdii 1. archives, re-

cords, documents Glr. >. book-case Glr. -

yig- dzin written contract, bzdg-pa to indent

(articles of agreement).

yid, resp. fuys, I. 1. soul, mind, esp. the

powers of perception, volition and ima-

gination, cf. bio; yid bzin-du as one would

wish, to heart's content, frq.; yid-bzin-gyi

nor-bu a jewel or talisman that grants every

wish; yid-du ^on-ba adj., rarely yid-^on-po

Mil. engaging, winning, pleasing, skye-bo mdn-

poi yid-du ^6n-ba Do. beloved with many;

nice, pretty, of girls, houses etc., frq.; al><>

yid-kyi inst. of it, e.g. yid-kyi mfo a pretty

lake Sbh.; nai-yid ^oit my dearest! mydarling! Pfh.; yid-du-mi-^oit-bai fsig smrd-

ba Wd/'t. to say some unpleasant word;

whereas W. : *da yid -la yon or juh* now

it comes into my mind;na yid-du mi rag

I do not recollect; 6'.: *yi'-la ina son* it

would not go down with him, he had no

mind for it; iiai yid-la mi Obab Tar. it does

not please me, I do not like it; yid-la .v//-

kyaii i'<) mi >////<>it Mil. though you may

fancy it in your mind, yet you do not per-

ceive the taste ; yid-la byed-jxt, </c///-/>

W.'.

*c6-ce, bor-ce*, to comprehend, perceive, re-

member, mind, take to heart, tY<|.; yid-kyis

Ityt'd-fKi to do a thing in one's mind, fancy,

e.g. sacrificing, like dmigs-la Thgr.\ yid-kyis

fancied, imaginary, ideal Cs.; *yi'-

P" 10 l'ccei,'c Il leLter; yi-pt ~kb II. lettcrIl.rrives; yi-fJ~I' .'JI·i-ba D::l., o!J&l-pa to com­pose, to I,en down; !li-fltr "brir J'ip-pa toget copied; yi-flt" b,';~ Jdg pa littl" 111(.11.­

flatlllil d~I)oI.trt; ,.bi - yifJ letter, circularepistle; fli-yig v. above; cdfl-yi!! contract,lmrg:lin; "cdlll$-yig dancing-boole, rules re­Inling to religious ,lances; ,,'ldl-yig letter ofrecoDlInendation (~.; rtflg8.!!i!! l. stamp, sig.nature C,. 2. certificate, credentials IV.; yndl­yig description of Aplace; ~prilis- or"lwin­,'fiB ~ 31.:111'-110; M-.1JI9 J. copy. 2. commeu­tM)', opl'. to lIId_yig t. original, first copy;2. te1t G.; "d::ill-yifJ - rtug&-ljl9 '2 lV.; zu­$if} IDemorial, petition; Mn - yiJ letter inanswer, reply; Ialll-yig I. hand.book, road­book, guide, iUNl-blta-{ai {am-Y'9 descriptionof the rOll.d toS:unbhala (a. fantastical book).2. itinerary, IraveUing·joumal(?). 3. pass·port(".6.l·19~· yi-dIl:Il[JS (from etYlllO!' suutility

written also yid-tafP or yid-blag~),lhI, the fifth class of beings of Buddhistco~,nogmrhy, condemned in a fore-hell tosuffer perpetual hunger nml thirst, II grndeof pUDisllment preceding the final and fulltorments of hell; they are rel,resented asgi:\llts with huge bellies, and "cry narrowthroats, inhabiting tile air KQI'P' 1, 245.D:t'~<;j.yi-dam, less frq. yid-dam ( ... dam_

bea) re~p. (ugs-dllm 1. oatil, vow,asseveration, promise, yi-dllll/.la bJ'tbt-pasbeenuse he tirmly adhered to his word D::l.- 2. a 'wishing prnyer' (v. smon.lam). yi­dam bCd-IJa to make lIo ,'OW D::l., to prO­nounce a wishin~ preyer J)::{. - 3. medi·tation (this ~ignificlltion rests only on theanalogy with tu[p-dam, and Ims )'et to beconfirmed by qUQt.I\tions from literature).- 4.lIlso yi-dam.Yld tutelar god, a deitywhom n person chooses to be his pAtron,whether for llis whole life, or only for someIlarticullll' undertnking, nnd witb whom beenters into IIIl intimate union b)' meditation;frl'quently also it isadefunctSflint. or teacher(su e.g. tbe yi-dam of Milnrl\Spa was rrio­,je-"cmi)j somctimes such II cOllncction sub·sists from iuflUlc)' through lifc, pr tbe deit)',

Illllkcs ndvnnces 10 the rCSI,ectil·e pcn-onby speeilll revelations, so in the case of kingS'YJli-buan-lJ!Jlllli-po Glr. - 5.lIcc. to u·.proposition: sacrament; yet our Cliristill.nconverts preferred the more popular dlllll­

bell.

6.l::rr !Jl9 - ~fl'-fJe as au affix, v. !Ii-ye.

~::rr.:::::l~'::: y;:t-!J3A-ilI',also !J19-11lyd, epistolary~ guide, coot.aiaing- the dilTerent

addresses nnd cu~toml\ry phrases used inwriting letters IV. - !jig. fd,j library C.,chancery &/.,.. - yig-mllan secretary, book·keeper, clerk Gl,'. nnd elsewh. - yi[J-ca Glr.,7'm·. writtenaccounls,records, books of hislory.- yig_dpon a 'mtl.ster-writcr' {,il. - yirr1)";,i line, written or printed, - yi[J-"brua single letter. - yig_(lJuio I. archives, reocords, documents GIl'. 2. book-case Gbo.­yifJ·"dzin written contract, bZdfrJXl to indent(articles of agreement).

~~ yid, resp. (ufjS, I. .1. soul, ~ind, e~p: the. powers of perception, ,'ol.tlon and Ima­

gination, d. b{o; yid b~in-du as one wouldwish, to heart's content, frq.; yid.b:in.gyinQr-bu a jewel or talisman that Rro.nts everywish; yid-tllt ..OIi-ba adj., rarely yid•..o,j-1)OMil engaging. winning, pleasing, 1J.:yUJO ma,i·poi yid.dll ~dn.oo Do. belo\'ed witll many;nice, pretty, of girls, hou~es etc., frq.; IIlsoyid_kyi inst. of it, e.g. yid-kyi 1/1(0 a prettylake SM.; nai-yid ~on my dearest! roydl\rlillR! Pth.; yid-dll-mi-.n,i-Imi ($19 nl".d­ba Wd,i. to sny some unplettSaDt word;whereas n~: -00 yid-Ia yon or )wi- DOW

it comes into my miut!; ria yid-dl~ 1/Ii NlfJI do not recollect; C.: -yt-la ilia $01i- itwould not go down with him, he had nomind for it; ,ia; yid-la lIli obah Tm'. it doesnot please mc, 1 do not like it; yid-la iarkYUliro 1/1; /llyoli Mil. though you mil)'fRllcy it in your mind. yet you do not pc....cei\'e the tnsle;,yid-{a byid-pu, ocCiri-pa iV.:-cQ..ct, Mr-U', to comprehend, perceive, re­member, mind, take 10 heart, frq.; yid-Iqfl;byM-p;1 to do 1\ thing ill one',. mind, fnllc)"e,g. SAcrificing, like dmig8-w Thor.; yid-l:yu~F-ll<1 fllucicu, imllgiD>\f)', ideAl C,.; -Y'••

510

yid-tags yin-pa

kyl log-pa* C. to read mentally, softly, in-

audibly; before many verbs yid stands al-

most pleon.: *yid kul-ce* W. to exhort; yid

/cul-ba Sch. 'mental suffering', perh. better:

to be uneasy, troubled, harassed; yid Jtrul-

baio be mistaken; yid-cad-pa \. yi-ycod-pa',

yid-ces-pa to believe, with the accus. or dat.

of the thing which one believes, with the

dat. of the person whom one believes, . . .

par, that . . . (cf. dad-pa); Kyod-la cun zig

yid ma ces-pas Mil. having become a little

distrustful towards you; *yid (or den)-ce-

ce'i spe-ra* W. credible words; yid-brtan-

dkd-ba Tar. not to be depended upon, hardly

to be believed; yid-ynyis doubt; fe-fsom dan

yid-ynyis ma byed cig Mil.-, yid Opdm-paMil. to be cast down, dejected, depressed;

yid Opr6g-pa Mil. to prepossess, to infatuate;

yid bloh-ba to be afraid, full of anxiety (?)

Sch.; yid Obyun-ba, resp. fugs- byun-ba Mil.

to be sad, unhappy, discontented, la, on ac-

count of; na Kor-bai cos-la yid-byun-nasMil. I was wearied of the way of (con-

stantly moving in) the orb of transmigration;

yid-Jbyin-pato make discontented or weary;

yid-mug-pa v. yi-mug-pa', yid Ofsim-par

gyur-baDzl.io become satisfied, contented;

*yid fsim co-ce* W. to satisfy; yid-log-pato be tired or weary of Sch.; yid-fun Dzl.

forward, rash, overhasty; yid- duns v.duns-,

yid-myos fuddled, tipsy ; yid-smon v. smon-

pa; yid-yzuns v. yzuns; yid-srubs Lexx.,

Sch. : 'a refractory, stubborn mind', which

however does not suit the connection.

2. symb. num.: 14. II. = yud, yid-tsamfor yud-tsam, Wdn frq.

cv

U^TWj^J" yid-tags v. yi-dags.

JU<T*T yin-pa, resp. and eleg. lags-pa I. to

be, with neg. ma yin or min, W.

*man*; /cyod su yin who are you? bsa de-ka

na yin Mil. I was the leopard (you saw) ;

with genit., nai yin that is mine, belongsto me

;*di-rin za-nyi-ma yin* W. to-day is

Sunday ; gdn-nas yin Mil. whence are you ?

Odi med-pas 'yin Pth. it is because this is

not here . . .;na bu-moi dus-na yin-te Glr.

when I was still a girl; *yin kyait* 6'., *yin-

na yan* W., C. for ^on kyaii yet, neverthe-

less, notwithstanding ; yin-gran(-na) v. grdn-ba extr.

; yin for optat or imp.: de yin 1. SO

it is, yes. 2. that may be, mi Odod run deyinMil. if you feel no inclination, never mind,

let it be so ! dgrd-bo yin-na-^n yin Mil. if

he is an enemy, let him be so ! yin-na stands

also pleon. with adverbs etc. : snar yin-na= snar Mil.; yin, so it is! yes! min, W.

''man*, no! yin-min truth in a relative sense,

yin-min-gyi fe-fsom bsal Glr. it removes all

doubts as to the truth, e.g. the historical

truth; ma yin-pa, min-pa 1. vb. not to be

a thing. 2. adj. not being a certain thing,

ma yin-par, adv.;cos ma yin-par 'not being

law', i.e. contrary to the law of religion,

wrong, unjust,= mi rigs-par; yul, dus, fsod,

rigs-pa ma yin-par spyod-pa Thgy. to do a

thing at a wrong time or place, without

observing due measure, in an improper or

unnatural manner; hence also ma-yin-paalone : wrong, unjust; *ma-yim-pe cff-pajhe'-

Ken-la ten-sig zer* C. whoever commits an

improper action is called *fen-sig*; hence

also yin-min right and wrong. 3. v. min.

Cf. moreover yod-pa and Odug-pa, which

may be used for yin-pa, but not inversely.

Sometimes it implies to mean, to signify : rna

de ci yin Glr. what does this drummingmean ? rgydl-po Kon-rdfi yin dgons the king

thought (the prophecy) meant him, referred

to himself; fog-ma ned-kyi pyir ma yin-

pas Dzl. as from the very beginning it was

not aimed at me, had no reference to me;also in other instances, where we have to

use words of a more precise character: Kyod-

kyi lo gan yin-pa -la Ko-wo dgu-gis Tar.

whilst the sensibility that was with you,

i.e. the discretion shown by you, gives memuch pleasure.

- II. yin is joined to a

partic. pres., quite analogous to our English

construction: ^ro-ba yin I am going Mil.,

C.; Kyod-la Idm-mlcan yod-pa e yin? Mil.

(are you having) have you a guide? dei

ndn-na su yod-pa yin? Glr. who is within?

it is also joined to a partic. pf.,when re-

ferring to the past: na-rdn-la skyes-pa yin

Glr. I have born him ; cdd-pa yin-pas Glr.

!11O

Iryl lllg-pa- C. to read melltally, softly, in­RudiLl)·; before IDRDy verbs yid stunds al­most pleon.: -yid J..ul~ lV. to exhorl; !lidoC-ul-ba &h. 'melltal sulfe1'ing', perh. better:to be uneasy, troubled, harassed; yid )b'itl.va to be mistaken; lIld.cad-pa v. yi.J'Cod-pa;lIEd-IfC8.pa to believe, with the aceus. or dat.of the thing which one belie\'es, with thedat. of the person whom one belie\·es,.~ .par, thaL .. (cc. dJd-pa); 1i9tkJ..la Cu~ zigyid ma m.pas Mil. h8\"ing become a littledistrustful towards you; -yid (or dhI)~i'­

Cei spe-ra- W. credible words; yid-brron­dkd-ba Tar. not to he del,ended upon, harulyto be believed; yid.ynyi$ doubt; (e-flWmdal;yid-ynyis ma hyed ~'ig Mil.; yid opll1ll.paMil. to be cast down, dejected, depressed;'!lid oproy-pa Mil. to prepossess, to infatuate;yid hloli-ba to be afraid, full of anxiety (?)&h.; yid J.I!JWi-ba, resp. (UfJs·obl/Uli4Ja Mil.to be sad, unhappy, discontented, la, on ac­count of; ~a Ror-ba;' 'Cos-la yid-byuil.nasMil. I WIIS wearied of the way of (con­stantly moving in) the orb of tnlnsmigration;yid-J,yin-pa w make discootented or weary;yid-muu-pa v. yi·muU·pa; yid isJm..parof/Yur4JaDzl. to become satis6ed, contented;-yid (si1ll ro·Ct- w: to satisfy; yid-log-pato be tired or weary of &h.; yiJ-(u~ Dzl.forward, raSh, overhasty; yid-dufls \". dill'S;yid-m~ fuddled, tipsy; yUl-snlon v. smOll­pa; yid-rzufls ". )'Z-uJis; yid-slitlA Leu.,&h... 'a refracwry, stubborn miud', whichhowe"er does not suit the connection. ­2. symb. nUIll.: 14. - 11. -lpMl, .lJid-tsulI~

for yud-l$am, lVdli frq.~

t.\l'l)·7~~· yill-tags v. yi-dag8.

t.\l~'f yin.pa, resp. and eleg. ld!Js-pa ltobe, wilb neg. 'lfia yin or min, lV.

-man-; Ilyod au yin who are )"ou? Ina de-karia yin Mil. I was the leopard (yon saw);with genit., rim' yin that is mine, belollgsto me; -di-ri" za-nyi_ma yin- lV. to-day isSunday; gati.lIQ8 yin Mil. whellce arc you l'"di med-paa yin Ptll. it is beClll\SC this ill1I0t here ... ; Ija bIi-moi dUs-na yllI-ft Glr.when I WQS still a girl; -yi1~t!alj- (,~ -~in_

na !Jai;' Iv., C. for ~on kyati yet, neverlhe­less, notwithstanding; yin-gl'ati(.na) \'. gl'lIl'.ba ex\l',; yill for optat or imp.: dt yin I. soit is, yes. 2. that may be, mi odod 1'1.Oi d4 yinMil. if )"ou feel no illCliolltion, never mind,let it be so! dgrll4JO yin-lIU'-.,(1/1 yin Mil. ifhe is an enemy, let him be so! yin-na standsalso pleon. with adverbs etc.: 81,(.11' yin-na= 81iur Mil.; yin. so it is! yes! min, W:-man-, no! yin-min truth in II. relative sense,yin-mfll--!!!Ji fe-faom baal GIl'. it removes alldonhts as to the truth, e. g. the historicaltruth; ma 1/ln.pa, min.pa l. vb. not to bea dling. 2. adj. not heillg a certain thing,'lfla yin-par, ndv.; loa ma yin-par 'not beinglaw', i.e. eontrary to tbe 111.1\' of religion,wrong, unjust, - mi ,"ius-par; !JUI, dus, (wd,rig8-Pu fila yin--pul" apydd-pa TI.gy. to do a

thing at a wrong time or !Jlace, withoutobserving due measure, in an improper orunnatum! manner; hence also ma-yin-paalone: wrong, unjust; ·'llkI'1lhn-p~ CIJ'·pa)M.rtn-la tf1l-3ig u," C_ whoever commits animproper action is called -(rll.Uf!; hencealso yill-'min right and wrong. - 3. v. min.Cf. moreover yixl.pa and oduu-pa, whichIW\Y be used for yill.pa, but 1I0t inversely.Sometimes it iUlplie~ to mean, to signify: ,'Jia

de Ci yin Gll". whlLt doell this drummingmean? l'gyal·jXJ /loi/-ra;! yin dgoJia the kingthought (the pl'o)Jhecy) meant him, referredto himself; (dg.1I1a Md-I"!!i ]f!!ir ma yin_pas D::l. as from the "ery beginning it wasDot nimed at me, had no reference to me;also in other illstanees, where we have touse words of a more precise character: /fyM­kyi io ga.l; yin-pa.ia Ko-u:o dgu-gis Tar.whibt the sensil.Jility that was with you,i.e. the discretion shown'by you, gives memuch pleasure. - n. yin is joined to apartie. pres., quite ILllalogous to our Englisbconstruction: ,ffI'o-ba yin I am going Nil.,C.; J.'ytJd..la Wm·mJ.'a/l yM-pa e yin~ Mil.(are )·ou hM'iog) have )'OU a gwde? deinan-na au yQd-pa !fin'! GIl'. who is withill?it is nlso joined to a partic. pf., when re­ferling w the past: -fla-rll/l-Ia aklfls·pa yinGlr. 1 h.'We born him; cdd"Pa yill-pas Glr.,

yib

511

yin',-HI >i

lit- i> tlr.Mvndrd t'nuii . . .; ii bifiiii-

IHI////;, (ilr. \\hathasbecomeofhim? (/<-

r///-s cibya*-jHi ///// .U/7. what were you doing

ju>t then? so esp. W. : *zer-pa yin, zer-pen*I ! has said it, *kdl-pen* it has been sent

off; joined to the partic. fut., (or to the

partic. pres. or pf., in as far as these are

sometimes used also for the fut.) it ex-

presses futurity: si-ba yin Pth. I shall die;

ii su $fe-pa-la bskiir-ba yin Glr. she shall

be given to him, that will know her, find

her out from amongst the rest; ^ro-ba yinmod Glr. indeed you will have to go now.

When joined to a root, it is only in W. that

it denotes the future : *leb yin, leb-bin* he

will come, *tdn yin* he will give.

Comp.*

yin-tog-can* W. thinking one's

self to be something (great), proud, con-

ceited. --yin-fsul Mil. property, attribute,

ni f. yin~lugs \. circumstances, condition

(= ynds -lugs?); K6ii-rnams-kyi yin

-lugs

brjod Mil. she related to him her circum-

stances. 2. nature or essence of things Mil.

yib, v. car-yib eaves, shed Mil. nt., yetcf. the following.

yib-pa to hide one's self 6'., W.;car

yib byed-pa Pth. to take shelter from

the rain; *yib-te bor-cc* W. to hide, conceal;

yib-nia something hidden 8ch.-, yib-sa place

of concealment, hiding-corner.

y> termination of the instrum. case

after vowels, po.

^j- yu 1. sbst.? yu byed-pa to calumniateNs

Sch. (?) ; yu-na if it is true Sch. (? ?)

2. num. figure: 84.

UsJ'ETT .TO" }iu~9u ->

-Ku Oats, or a similar kind^NS lo of grain, which, in case of need,

may serve for food C.

UsJ'cn'-Bc* yu-gu-bin officinal tree, yieldingN

>J a remedy for wounds a*hd sores

S.ff.; also fig. Wdn.-

yu-gur, yu-ge-ra, n. of a

country and people, 6s.,

which Sch. gratuitously identifies with Tait-

giid-, however Glr. p. 32 is stated, that Ti-

bet derived mathematical science and works

of art from the east, viz. China and Mi-

nyag (i.e. Tan-yiid}* laws and specimen-

ni workmanship from the north, vi/. II :

and Yugera (which are frequently mention-

ed together A/a.) a passage which N/-//.

(History of the Eastern Mon^uls, 328) trans-

lated, but owing to an obscurity in the Mon-

gul text, he failed to recognize Yugera,instead of which he has the word 'Gugi',

questionable even to himself. {Sch. on the

'Phantom of the Turkish Uigures', v. Preface

to Dzl IX.).

yj'n' yu~ba handle, hilt, shaft, yri-yu haft of

a knife; stdr-yu helve of an axe; dcbs-

yu handle of an awl; Ihdm-yu leg of a boot

6s.; yu(-ba)-can provided with a handle,

yu-mcd without a handle Cs.; yu-bcad 'shoes,

slippers' Sch. (?).

'

yu-bu-cag Cs. ^.u-bu-cag.

V1*'**' yu-mo ox'cow

'naving

no horns 6's.; for yu-mo Sch.

has k

hind, female of a stag' ;it seems to be

little known, yu-mo srol-goh and yu-momdeu-Jbyin names of plants Wdti.

Usjcn* yw (= ^^s) ! P'ece ^ c'*n or s^

'>

N '

gos-su ras-yug ycig-las mi bdog-ste Dzl.

as they had but one cotton cloth for their

clothing. Cotton cloth is generally of verysmall width, but the silk fabric, designated

by dar-yug, seems not to exceed much the

breadth of ribbons Glr. 2. for yud Mil.

Usjzn*f y"9~P iLd- *ty-pa oats

> Pr b. the

same as yu-ku.

za mourning for a

deceased husband or wife, and the state of

uncleanness consequent to it, the duration

of which varies according to circumstances,

whether the first or second spouse has died,

and also with respect to the different coun-

tries; yug(s}-sa-pa, also yug(i)-sa widower.

yug(s)-sa-mo widow; yug(s}-sa pog-pa be-

ing unclean in consequence of mourning;

sdns-pa cleansed, viz. by the expiration of

the time of mourning Cs.

., *i/itn-pe* W., turmeric.

yiiii-iiia, for nyuit-ma. turnip Glr,

bet'Alise he is dei'CCllUed fl"Om ... ; (oj b!l'iil.btl !Ji,l, GIl'. whnllllls b~omeo(JliUl? de­dUll ti bya3-l'a yiJI Mil. what were you doingjust Ihen? 80 esp. W.: ·:.b--pa yin, ::~r-[Jl1I·

he h" snid it, ·ktil-l"Jtll· it 113S been sentoff; joined to tIle pnrtic. fu1., (or to theplUlic. IIres. or pf., in ItS fllr ItS these aresometimes used Also for the fut.) it ex­presses futurity: U-ba yin Ptll. I shll.1I die;lio Pt ish-paola btkur·ba yin GIl'. she shaHbe gi\'en to him, that will knoV>' her, findher out from tlutongst the rest; .,grIrba !p'1l

mod GIl'. inlleed you willluwe 10 go now.When joined to It root, it is only in lY. tbntit denotes the future: ·Ub yill, leb-bin· hewill come, ·ta,j yin· he will gi\·e.

Compo ·!ll'n-Ioy-cun* lV. thinking one'sself to be something (great), proud, coo_ceited. - yin-lsul Mil. property, attribute,oi f. - yin-Illffl J. circumstances, condition(- )"l.is - bigs r); ((Jli - 1'11/111/8 - k!Ji !Jin - lugsbr)od Mil. she related to him her circum­stances. 2. llature or essence of thioA's Mil.6:1.::r !Jw, \'. fal'-yib eaves, shed Mil. nt., yet

cf. tbe following.~.::r:r yib-pa to hide one's self C., W; car

!Jib bgld-pa I'll!. to take shelter fromtbe rain; *!Jib-te bd,..c(J* W: to hide, cUllccal;!Jih-ma something hidden Sell.; !Jib-SlL placeof concealment, hiding-corner.~~ ylfJ, term;n"tiun of the instrum. cnse

lifter vowels, po.UoJ'!lU 1. sbst.? yu b!JM-lla to calumniate""'oQ &/1. (?); fJu-na if it is true Seh. (??) ­2. num. figure: 84.

tJ,J'ttr -r=r !lIt-flU. -1..'1l oats, or l\ simill\r kind""'oQ"",' "'" of 8'I'll.in, which, in cnse of need,lIlay I'tervo for food C.UoJ':lJ'~' !lil-glj-Al,i offieiutll tree, yieldinA'""'oQ"", 1\ remedy for wounds rtnd soresS.g.; also fig. Wdti.

UoJ':lf' t.I,J-:fj'''' 'flU-gil", !fl~!Ji-"u, n. of ~',.;"'" ,',.; country nnd people, Cs.,which &h. gmtuitously identifies with TIII'­grid; ho,ye\'er Glr. p. 32 is stated, that Ti·bet deri\'ed matllCmat;cnl science "nd worksof art from the cnst, viz. China and .Mi­Ilyag (i.e. Ta';-Vitd), laws and spee~ell~

.sf I

of workmlln&hi'l from the nortll, yiz Hor/lUll Yu~er" (which fire frequently mention·ed together Ma.) - /l. passage which .$ell.(Ilistory of theEastemMonguls, 328)trans­Inted,but owing ro an obscurity in the ~lon­

gul text, he failed ro recognize Yugera,iost(>l~d of which he hns the word 'Gugi',question3ble even to himsclf. (&h. on the'Phantom of the Turkish Uigures', V. Prefaceto D::I. IX.).!J'l'.q' fJ"-OO handle, hilt, shalt, gri-yu baft of',.; a knife;MJr-.lfll hel\'e of an axe; dCb8­!III. handle of lin awl; IhJm-yu leg of a boota..; .lJu(-ba)-can provided witl. p, handle,YU-1'IM without a bandle C,.; yu-bClid '.-shOOl>,slippers' Seh. (?).

~'?3''9' yu-lm-i:ag (,;. - ~u-bu-Cag.

UoJ':q:' UoJ'a:f yu.bo, yli-'1no 0:1, cow, ha";ng',.; , ',.; no horns (t.; for !jli-mo &h,has 'hind, female of 1\ stag'; it seems to belittle known. yU-1I/o st'Ol_g6Ii and yit-mo1Ildeu-ob!Jin names of plants Wdli.

~9 !Jug (-lmbs) 1. piece of cloth orstuff;gONu T~-.IJli!1 rCig-l1L3 1/Ii bIMg-ste D::f.

as they hud lJUt one culton cloth for thcirclothing. CoUon cloth is generally of verysmall width, but the silk fabric, Ilesignatedby dcuo-yug. secms not to exceed much tbebreadth of ribuons Glr. - 2. for yuel Mil.

~~~ !Jug-po, U;. ~Iig_pa oats, prob. thesame lIS ,IJlI-~-U.

~::q(~)'~', ~::q(~)';:r YI'g(~~u~ !Jil{J(i)-""'oQ ',.; .::a mournmg for a.deceased husband or wife, I\nd the state ofuncleanness consequent to it, tile dumtionof which I'uries according to ein:um~tances,

wbcther the first or second spouse IlIlS died,Md nlso with rc~pcct to tbe different coun­tries; yug(s)~a.pa, also !fI,g('raa widower,!Jit{l(s)~a-Jno widow; Y',,c,)-sa,xJg-pa be­ing unclean in consequence of mourning;sd,;,-pa cleansed, \·iz. by the expiration ofthe timo of mourning (".

H',..· ...· •. ,,~ 1/_,1 * , .. * """ .::::J- -. .y'I'I-</U ....., !J1Il'ope ., wrmenc.

~l::.';r !/ll"-1t/(/., for n.y"li-lIIa, turnip GIl',

512

yuns-(d}kdr OT yul

y-v_. ywfo-(<T)kdr white mustard,

yuns-ndg black mustard; yuns-

Obi'u grain of mustard-seed, yum-Jyt^u tsam

as small as a grain of mustard-seed S.g. ;

yuns-mdr oil of mustard.

yj;r* yud\. rarely /w^, a very small portion^ ' of time, moment, ace. to S.g.=

stated to be a space of time varying from

8 seconds to 2 minutes; yud tsam (zwj),

yud re but one moment, yud-tsam-pa Do.

of a moment's duration; fse Odi yud tsam

yin pyi-ma-la mta-med this life is but like

a moment, the future without end; yud-kyis,

yiid-du in a moment, e.g. ynds-su pyin-pato get to a place S.g.', for a moment, ndm-

mfca-la ltd-ba looking up to heaven Wdh.

2. ace. to Stg. Ku, fol. 53, yud is a space

of time of longer duration, 48 minutes;ace.

to Schr. in Bhot. = cu-fsod 24 minutes.

3. a black or coloured stripe on woven fa-

brics, yud-can striped, black or white W.

= yu-bu, ^u-bu Cs. (?).

yud-yud Sch. : yud-yud faid-pa a

dim and indistinct glimmering be-

fore one's eyes.

-yun time, when denoting a certain spaceor length of time, klog Okyug-pai yun

tsam ma Ion-par der pyin-nas Mil. in no

longer time than a flash of lightning takes

he arrived there; yun rih-po, W. *-mo*, n

long time, yun rin-por, yun rin-du duringa long time, yun rin-po-nas a long time

since or past; *yun mdn-po bud ca dug*W. a long time passes; *yun rin-ni Jcd-na*

W. by degrees, gradually; yun-du Grlr. for

a long time to come; yun ci srid-du how

long? yun fun-ba a short time.

yum, resP- f r ^?

1- mother, btsun-

mo yum, yum btsun - mo the queenmother. 2. Ssk. ^TTfTefiT, title of the third

and latest part of the sacred writings, which

contains the Abhidharma, or metaphysical

portion (Kopp. I, 595. Burn. I, 48); Sch.

mentions also an extract of it, yum-cun.

WJ$TJ" yum-Pa>only W- to strew, salt on

food, ashes on the snow.

yur-ba I. vb. 1. to slumber, W. also

*fom yur-ce*. 2. v. yur-ma.II. sbst. aqueduct, conduit, water-course,

ditch Glr.;yur-po ce a large trench, channel,

canal, yur-prdn a small one; sbubs-yur a

covered, subterraneous canal Cs.; yur(-bai)

cu water conveyed by a canal.

Usj^'&r yur-ma the act of weeding 6'., W.;

*yur-ma yur-tva*, C., W. also *co-ce*

to pull out weeds; metaph. to purify the

mind, cleanse the heart, e.g. by disburden-

ing one's conscience.

'yul 1- place, a. an inhabited place, as

opp. to desolation, fan ston-pa mi dan

yul med-cin Pth. a desert in which there

are neither men nor dwelling-places; b.

place, with reference to a sacred community

(college, monastery etc.) near it, e.g. some

of the students live in the college, others

in the place : so yul-dgon village and mon-

astery, yul-dgon-rnams Mil. for yul-mi dan

dgon - pa - pa - rnams laymen and clerics.

c. place, province, country, in a gen. sense,

yul-(gyi^) skad provincial dialect, provin-

cialism; yul-(igyi} mfil, mcog chief place,

capital ; yul cen-po brgyad chief places ;as

such are enumerated in Pth., without any

regard to geography, Singhala, Thogar, Li,

Balpo, Kashmir, Zahor, Urgyan, Magata;r9ya~9ar(.-9yi} yul India

; rgyd-yul, bod-yul,

sog-yul India Cor China), Tibet, Mongolia ;

whenever yul precedes a word, as in *yul

wa-ra-na-ser*, it is to be understood in this

way : as to the place (situation), in Banaras;

skyid-yul a lucky place, sdug-yul an unlucky

one; pa -yul fatherland, native country,

home; ran-yul one's own country, yzdn-yula foreign country; Jbrog-yul country con-

sisting of steppes, ron-yul country full of

ravines lha(i)-yul land of gods, abode of

the lha, also fig., a particularly pleasant

country or scenery; mi(i}-yul abode of men,

(07 oixovfttvrf) the inhabited world, earth, yet

in the Tibetan sense always as opp. to the

abodes of good or evil deities; mii yul-na

mi ^on Glr. in the world such a thing is

not to be found; rndm-ses dbdn-poi yul-las

Odds-pa Wdn. the soul that has left the ex-

512

u..'C:.~'(,\>'.::,' yuita.(d)ktir while mustard,"'<> yu"...rni,black mustard; ylllis·•bri grain of mustard-leed, Y'I;',../m~ tJUni

M smaU as a gmin of IDWlUlrd-seed S{/.;yUli,.-mar oil of mustard.

U>J~' yud J. rurely!JV9, a very smaU portion~ of rime, momenl ace. to S g. - lRl1,stated to be a space of time varyiog from8 seroods to 2! minutes; !lild (30m (~.g).

yud rl but Doe moment, yUd-.wzlll-pa Do.of A moment'. duraooD; 6e odi yud tMmyt'JI P!fi-aa-la mtu....td tbis life is but likea momen", lhe future without end j y.d-Jryia,yWd-dM io ft lIloment, e.g. }"l""- Ji!/ill-poKl get to :to plaee 8.g.; (or a moment, 1uim­lIlta-la lUi-ba looking up to beaven lrd".- 2. ace. to Sig. Ew, fol ~ y1Ml is a spaceof time of longer dUJ'fttion, 4S minutes; ace.to &ltr. in Bhol. - ev-h6d 24 minutes.­3. a black or coloured stripe on woven fa­brics, yuJ-bz,. striped. bile" or white W

~-'5" yWId..JJu - yi<-bll., ..tt-b" w. (?).

, -v.J-' yw.d-gild &11..; yud-!J1«l brid-pa a"'00 -...:; dim and indistinct glimmering lie­fore one', eyes.

~ flU" time, wben deootiug Ii certain space"'" or length of time, klho )yUg-pui VU"ham 11/a ldn-par tkr 11Ji.mu .'Iii. in nolonger time tban • f1asb of ligbtning takesbe arri"ed thel"e;!/UII riit-nn, If. .-mo. l\I' -'r-,ong time, !JIm rlti-por,!fUn rhi-du during

a. 10llg time, !filII rlti·PO·1/tu a long timesmce or past; ·yun 1Utiri-po bud la dt/O·W: a long time passes; ·ylm rl,j·ili fa-ria·If. by degrees, gradunll)'j y(u"..du Gil". fora long time to come; yun Ci 'rid·du how100g? ytm {(l.Ii../)a n short time.

u.J~' ylllll, tesp. for ma, 1. mother, bt~un.

-..:; 1/10 .'fUm, Yllm bfsun. mo the queenmol.her. - 2. &1. ~l. title of the thirdand Il\test Plut of the sacred writings, whichconlnins the Abhidharma, or nH:tl\ph}'sicalportion (Kopp. I, 595. Burn. I, -I8); &·h.mention~ also an extract of it, !flJ.nt-'Hut.

~'.q' yum-pa, only W. to strew, F.lIlt on"'" food, ashes on the snow*

~-4' yui

u.J~::r !jWr-ba 1. \'b. L to slumber, IV. al:.o"'" '(om yur-«"'. - 2..... yur-1tla.

11 sbst. &t1ueduc4 conduit, water.eoune,ditch Gir.; yitr-po h a large trench, channel,canal, yur-imi.n .. small one; .bubs-yur acovered, subterraneous mnaJ 0.; yur(-lJai)Cu water con\'eyed by a canaJ.u.J"~' yitr-ma the atl of weeding C., nr:;"'" ·!llU'-'mayu~·,C" W.also·CfrWto pull out weeds; lUetllph. to purify tbemind, cleanse tile henrt, e.g. by disburden­ing one's conscience.tAr..f yul l. place, L an inhabite4 place, as~ opr. to dellOlntioD, (ali ,wli,ptJ "'i daliyrll 111«i-Hit. Ptlr, II. desert in ....hich thereare neither !Den nor d1l"elling-plllCetl; b.place, with referenee \0 a sacred community(college, mona.o:tny etc.) nenr it, e g, 90IIIeof the studeotll live in the college, othersin the place: so YNi-dgOn village and mon­:l<itery, vul.Jg6n-,.,.a1/U Mil. for yiti-ftfi dUlitIgh • po • pa - ",,"Nil laymen ond c1tm.c, place, proYince, country, in a gen. Sf'n5t,yitl.(gyi) skad provincial diole'Ct, provin_cialism; yul-(gyi) m(ii, mlog chief pltw:e,capital; yul kn-po brg!JUd chief places; IlS

such are enumertlted in Ptlt., without an}'regard to geography, Singhala, ThOW'r, I,i,Balpo, Kashmir, Zllhor, Urg)'lIn, Mngata;''!1!Ja~r{'1Iyi) yul Indin; rgyd-yui. bOd.yui,wJg-yul Jndia (or China), Tibet, Mongolia;whenever !/Nl preeed8ll ll. word, ns in '9"'Ica-ra-'.la-Mr", it is to be understood in thiswll.y: 1'lS to the place (situation), in BanlirlLS;akyM-yuia lucky plnce, sduy-yul an unluckyonc; pa. yul fatherland, DatiV€; couotr}',home; ra,i.yul one's own country, }:an.yull\ foreign country; o61'0fJ-yul country con­sisting of steppes, rQli-yul country full ofra\;nesj* Ilw(£)-yul land 01 gods, abode ofthe Iha, also fig., II JllHticulorly plellSlU1tcountry or scenery; lJIi(t'}yul abode of men,(J} O/KOI/IIi,,']) Ihe inhabited world, earth, yetill the Tibelun sense always a::l 01'P, to theabodes of good or e ...il deities; filii yUl.lIami ~o,; GIl'. in the world such n thing isnot to be found; rndlll~tlJ dbri."-poi yill-la&o~ lVd,i. the soul thaI hm! left the ex-

,,,//

l

ternal world, (yet el', no. 2); xpydd-i/ul, q.v.

J. the object or objects of perception by

means of the senses; ///// _///// <////</ tin- pro-

vinces of the six senses, viz. forms (the ex-

ternal appearances of bodies), sounds etc.

Mil.: so prob. also : yul-mams-la lons-spyod-

/// rninits- f<> Wdn. dead to sensual plea-

>un-s: i/id miOdzin-pa, or yzdn-du Odzin-

pa Thgy. to perceive things either not at

all, or not correctly; br)6d-pai yul-las Odds-

pa is stated to imply : exceeding the limits

of speech, unspeakable, unutterable; bsdm-

byai yul-las Odds-pa=

bsdm-gyis mi Kydb-

pa frq. unimaginable, inconceivable, which

term, however, does not seem to be fully

adequate; also Was. (311) translates yulwith object; cf. ynas, 5. -- 3. weather, or

rather in a more gen. sense, climatic state

of a country, and condition of the beings in

it, v. below yul-ndn, yul-bzdfi.

Comp. and deriv. yul-Kdms kingdom, e.g.

of Nepal, China, Glr. yul-Jior country,

province Glr. --yul-gru id. Glr. yul-

dgon v. above. yul-ndn C. tempest, yul-

ndn-gyi fsub-ma the turmoil of the tempestGlr.

;also public calamities, such as famine,

murrain etc,Glr. yul-can 1 . suited, pro-

per, being in its place, fulfilling its purpose,

('s. (?) '2. that which is treated 'objectively'

Was 311, cf. no. 2 above. yul-cos charac-

teristic properties, manners etc. of a country.-

yul-ljoiis district, tract of country.

*yul turn-turn* Ld. the separate villages of

a whole cluster bearing one common name.-

yul-sde I. district C., W. '2. village magi-strate. yul-pa inhabitant, native, gan yul-

pa yin whence are you ? what is your coun-

try ? citizen, burgher Mil. ; yul-pa-rnamsthe people, the public Mil. yul-po gen.with ce, a large country, Mil. yul-dpon

village magistrate, district judge.--

yul-

pyogs region, neighbourhood Mil. - -yid-

ma a native woman. --yul-nii 1. = yul-

pa. 2. countryman, compatriot Do. --yul-

med l. improper, not in its place < *. J. /v///-

snan yul-mvd bstdn-du ysol Glr. was ex-

plained: what has no place in my mind,

what I do not know or understand, 1 beg

you to teai-h me. yul-fso village, borough,=

yrdn-fso.-

*yul-fadd-zum-lfan* W. land-

surveyor, engineer. yul-ybi* v. fzu.-

yul-bzdii fair weather 6., yet cf. yul-ndn.

yul-yod-pa = yul-can C. yul-len the

mode of forwarding letters from village to

village, instead of expediting them in longerand regular stages. yul-b$dd geographyor topography. yul-sd dwelling-place,habitation W. yul-srid government of a

country Schr. yul-srtd=

yul-la Od6d-paattachment to one's native place, the love

of country and of home, Mil.

UsIflTfl* yul-ba>less corr. spelling for nyul-

ba Tar.

U^. yus 1. boasting, bragging, puff, yus He

don cun Mil. much bragging, and

nothing in it, yus ce ses cun Mil. one that

boasts much, and knows very little; yus

brjod-pa, byed-pa to boast C*. 2. pride,

Kon yus ma ce zig do not take too much

pride in yourheart Mil.; Ids-la byas yus ce-na

no-so cutithe moreaman is pleased with him-

self after his deed, the less (real) happiness.- 3. blame, charge, accusation Sckr.(?\

false accusation Sch. (?) , yus byed -pa to

charge, accuse Schr. 4. ardour, fervour,

transport, ddd-pai yus-kyis in the fervour

of devotion, e.g. to shed tears, to fall downon the ground l*th. 5. yus Ofud-pa to

fasten one cord to another, to knit or join

things together Sch.

* ye, 1. Cs.:'ye-ma beginning and eternity,

ye-lddn eternal'. This word is knownto me only as an adv., completely, perfectly,

highly, quite; yc-nas id.; ye-ddg quite clean,

ye-rdzog$ quite perfect, ye-nas bzdn-po al-

together good; with a negative following,

not at all, ye ma Odod I felt no inclination

at all, ye ma zig-par Odug Mil. he was not

hurt at all, yc-nas mi byed dgos that is not

to be done by any means ; ye-ses (vulgo Ld.

*'-<?") "^TT, toe perfect, absolute, heaven-

ly, divine wisdom: less frq. resp. ye-mkyen;

//,'-*/*l/ia the five kinds of divine wisdom,

of which, ace. to some, every Buddha is

possessed, ace. to others, only Adibuddha;

ye-ses, in a great measure at least, is inherent

33

temlU world, (yclcf. no. 2); 'p!Jdd~Y'll, q.v.- i. the object or objects of perception bymeans of the senses; 111ii !I'll drug the pro­,iuccs of the six ~ense~. viz. forms (tbe e;l;~

terll"l apl)('I\rUllCeS of ~dics), sounds ele..lfil.; so IJrob. Illio: yIIl-,."allls-la lQlis-sp!Jod­1#1" ,.",Oi1S-tt IVdn. dead to sensual jllen­~ures; ylll 1/1; oddn-pa, or r::ult-du odzin­pa Thy!!. t.o percci\'c things either not at1111, or not corre<:tly; ll/jdd-pai yu.l-lus odJ.­11(l is stnted to impl}': excceding the limitsof Spt:e<:II, unspe:..kable, unutterable; bsdlJl~

byui ylil-ku odM-pa - bsum-U/lis mi f!lub­pa frq. unimngiMble, inconceivable, whichterm, however, does not seem to bc fullyadequnre; also lV/J.$. (311) trlUlsllltes yulwith object; cf. fllas, 5. - 3. weather, orrntller in n more gen. sense, climatic stateof n cOlilltry. ond condition of the beings init, v. below yui-Mn, !flll~zdl;.

Comp. and deriv. yul-I.'ums kingdom, e.g.of Nepal, Cbinn., Gl,.. - yul~,/{Qr couutry,pto\'ince Gll'. - yul-gru id. Gir. - yul­dgdn v. 1I.00\·e. - yul-liun C. tempest, yut.i1dn-!J!li (,ub-7IIa the turmoil of the tempestGlr-.; ulso public ctl.lamities, such as famine,murrain etc, GIl'. - yUl-~an I. suited, pro·per, being in its place, fUlfilling its purpose,(,. (?) 2. that which is treated 'objectively'lVIU 311, cf, no. 2 Above, - yUl-eoa charac­teristic propertie-s,mnDDcrsetc.of n country.- !JUl-ljails district, trll.ct of ('ountry.­·fJul tutll-tlim· Ld. the separate villllgcs ofl~ whole c1ustcr bearing one COmmon name.- !/Ul·ldi 1. district C., w: 2. village magi­strate. - ylll-pa inhabitant, native, U(vj !JUl­pa yill whcncc are }'ou? what is your coun·try? - cillzen, burgher Mil.; yill.pa·1'71amsthe people, the public .Mil, - !lM.po gen.with Ct, n. large countr)", Mil. - yul-dpoll\·illl\f;c m:'gi~trllte, district judgc. - !/Ul~

'P.'fd9s r('gion, neighbourhood ATil. - y"l~

11I0. II. native womw. - !JUl.mi l. ... yul­pa. 2. countryman, compatriot Do. - !/tIL­mid I. improper, not in its place (il. 2.1'(1,.·31'luti !lui-mid ~td,,~dll J'Wl Gl,.. w:,s ex·plained: what has DO place in my mind,what I do not knOv.· or uoder.;tand, I kg

t e,

you to tCltel, me. - ylil~(1SC village, borough,- !l'"Q,j-(ISC. - ·!Jld-(s&l-zum~jlan· lV. b.nd_sun-eyor, engineer, - .lj1tl-rH. v. f1:i•. ­YIlt.!Jzdli fnir weather (,., yet cf. !JUl-lid".­yul-!Jod-pa - yul-can Ci. - yu.l~ltn themode of forwarding lettcrs from village tovillage, instclid of expediting them in lougerlind regular stnge&. - yut.bidd geographyor topography. - yul-ad dwelling~plll.Ce,

Imbitntion w: - 1/lll-srid government of acountry Senr. - yuz.-.,.id _ Yllt.la oddd-paattn.ebment to one's native ptn.ce, the loveof country nnd of home, Mil.tkJ!ll·.::r yUl~a, less corr. spelling for nyi4t...;.,,; ba 'lw·.~~. !JUS 1. boasting, bragging, puff, !JtU 'tt

don Cu'; Mil. much bragging, andnothing in it, yta Ct us eun Mil. one tbll.tboasts much, and knows very little; !flUbrJod-po, bytd-pa to boast Ct. - 2. pride,Ito,i yrn rna Ct zig do not take too muchpride in yourheart Mil.; lds-l«b!JlU yus u-1Ia,;6-30 Cun the moreaml\.n is pleased with him­self after his deed, Ihe less (real) happiness.- 3. blame, charge, accusation &hr. (?),false accusation &4. (?), !ltu byM.. pa tocharge, accuse Sen.,.. - 4, anfour, fervour,transport, ddd-pai yitll-k!Ji3 in the fervourof devotion, e.g. to sLed teaN, to fall downon the ground 1"/11. - 5. yu' otud - pa tofnsten onc cord to :..nother, to knit or jointhings together &11.~. ye, 1. Cs.;<ye-ma beginning and eternity,

ye-lddn eternar. This word is knownto me only ll.~ an ad"., completely, perfectly,highly, quite; yl-fl/J.$ id.; ye-ddg quile clean,ye-,.d::ri[js quite Ilcl"fect, y~-lla& bzdli-po 1I.1~

togetber good; witb a ncgll.ti\·c following,not at all, !It 1IIa llod I felt 00 inclinationlIL all, !It ma zifl"pa,. odll!J AliI. hc was nothurt at nU, ~/I(a mi /)yed dgo. that i~ notto be done by any mel\.ns; ye-Ji, (vulgo Ld.·'i-dell·) "IIT'f, the perfect, ab"olute, hea"en­I)', divine wisdom; less frq, resp. yt~mkyln;ye-Jts l,ia the fi\'e kinds of di\'ille wisdom,of which, ace. W SOllle, every BuddhA iipo88C8scd, ace. to others, only Adibuddha;1/t-ih, in"- g,re:\t meASure at lust, is inherent..

514*

ye-ftg

to all great saints and divine beings ;it will

suddenly break forth from tbe bodies of the

terrifying gods in the shape of fire, which

puts the demons to flight Glr.; ran-byun

ye-ses the self-originated wisdom occasion-

ally is personified in a similar manner, as

Wisdom is in the Proverbs of Solomon;in

later times this conception coincides in the po-

pular mind also with stoh-pa-nyid. 2. pro-

vine. for yin Glr. 75. 3. provinc. for ... am,

Kyed bld-ma-can Ogro-ye Mil. are you goingto the Lama? 4. in comp. for ye-ses, v.

ye-fig. 5. num. figure: 114.

ye-%9 Scn ' - 'the trace, line, or mani-

festation of divine wisdom'.

ye-ddns Bal. for nytd-rdn, you, the

pronoun of polite address.

ye~Jbrfy a contagious disease Cs.~

ace. to oral explanation: injury

inflicted on the soul, harm done to the mind,

which may take place in 360 different waysMil -

W'-^C" ye~ran n> f a city, next to Khobom

(Katmandu), the first in Nepal Mil.

"

ye-re v. yer-re-ba.

VJ ye-$u Jesus Chr. Prot.Ns

'Z]' yegs-pa rough, shaggy, hairy Cs.

*q* yen-ba v. yyen-ba.

*

yed-po provinc. for ydg-po.

IMS* yen -> Pr k- only m yen -la joined to1

yton-ba and synonyms, to bestow liber-

ally, amply, plentifully; zas dan spyod-lam

yen -la ftad -par bya food and exercise

should be amply provided for Lt.

"

yer Lt. ynyid-yer q.v.

? pydg-tu yer-pa zig mdzdd-nas to raise one's hand with the

palm turned upward, as a gesture of (wil-

lingly or respectfully) offering, Mil.nt. (Thisterm might perh. be applied to the 'waving'of the wave-offerings, ordained by the Mo-saic law.)

y&r-ba sprinkled, sputtered, spouted(?)

Sch.

yer-re-ba pure, clear, genuine, un-

adulterated Mil.;sno ye-re a pure

blue, dkar ye-re a pure white C.

yel~y^ Pth ' fr(l-'

e'S- dans yel-

yel, sen&-dgd yel-yel clear, light,

bright or something like it(?).

y^^l'^l^l' yes-mes ancestor Sch.

U^" yo numerical figure: 144.

y^~9a Ssk. = rnal-Jbyor, yo-gi-

yo-

ga-pa, yo-gi-ni= yo-ga-ma\ more

about this word v. Williams Ssk. Diet.

Dsfq* yo-ba 1. adj. and sbst., oblique, slop-

ing, slanting, awry, crooked; obliquity,

slope, slant; cun-yo-ba a little slanting,

crooked Glr.;Ka yo the mouth awry S.g. ;

yon-po, col. *yon-te!:

', adj., id.; yo sron-ba,

yon-po bsran-ba, Lexx.,iQ make the crooked

straight; *zdm-pa yon-yon co dug* W. the

bridge is unsteady, swings to and fro; fig.

twisted, distorted, perverted, erroneous; yon-

dpyadvtrong interpretation, false judgment;

going crooked ways, deceitful, crafty, and

sbst. crookedness, deceitful dealings Cs.;.

more frq. yyo. 2. everything, altogether,

whole (?) Sch.

Osfqs* yo-bydd, tools, implements, chattels,' household furniture, necessaries, Ofs6-

bai necessaries of life; mcod-pai requisites

for sacrificing; yo-bydd sbyor-ba to procurethe needful, to make preparations Dzl.

; yo-

bydd t'ams-cdd-kyis (or bzdn-pos) stob-paTar. to provide a person with everything

necessary, to fit out well; yo-bydd srel-ba

id. (?) Sch.; yo-bydd-kyis Qbrdl-ba to be in

want of the needful; nor pyugs yo-bydd

money, cattle, and furniture, as a specifi-

cation of property.

yo-Jbog Wdh. n. of a tree, which

by the Lamas of Sikim is stated

to grow in Tibet; Sch.: elm, and in another

place: rii yo- bog linden-tree, less prob.

for ^og below, down stairs, yog -Kan

ground-floor; cellar. 2. v. yyog-pa.

to all great saints and divine beings; it willsuddenly break forth from the hodiell oftheterrifying gods in the shape of fire, whichputs the demons to flight Gir.; raii.bgunyNk lhe se1f-<lriginated wisdol)l occasion­nlly is personified in a similar mauner, asWisdom is in the Proverbs of Solomon; inlater times thisoonception coincides in the po­pular milld also with 3uJll-pa.nyid. - 2. pro­vine. for yin Gir. 75.- 3. provine. for _. .am,llyed bld·ma-&ln o!Jrd-ye Mil. are you goingto the Lama? - 4. in compo for ye-JC3, v.ye-fig. - 5. num. figure: ] 14.~.~ ye.fig &/1.: 'the trace, tine, or mani·

"'l 'I festation of divine wisdom'.~...r:.~ ye.d(ili3 Bal. for nyid-rdn, you, the

I pronouD of polite address.

~·a.StfJ· yc-olmlg n contagiolls llisClise C"jooe. to oral explanation: injury

inflicted on the wul, harm done to the mind,which may take pbce in 360 different ways1I/il. -~." ye-ra/i n. of a city, next l() Khobom

(Katmandu), the lirst in NellalllJiI.

~.~. ye-re v. yer-I·e-kJ.

~'''9' yt-iu JesllS CAr. Prot.~

~~z::r yfgs-pa rough, shaggy, hairy Cs.

~":r yen-ba v. ryin-/m.

~.I:)''f yed-po provine. for yrig-po.

~~. yen, prob. only in yen - w joined tortdli-ba and synonyms, to bestow liber·

ally, amply, plentifully; ;;as dail ,pydd-Iarltyen -la rtad. par bya food lUld exerciseshould be amply provided for Lt.

~~ yer Lt. = )7IyW-yer q.v.

t.\t.r:Z::J' y/:r.pal pyag-iu yer-pa zig m<kJd-nas to raise one's hand with the

palm turned upward, as a gesture of (wil­lingly or respectfully) offering, Mil.nt. (Thisterm might ~.rh. be applied to the 'waving'of the wave.offerings, ordained by lbe:Mo­saic law.)~~l:r ylr-ha sprinkled, spuitered,spouted(?)

&h.

Q;j~~'.q' yer-re-ba pure, clear, genuine, un­adulterated Mil.; ,lio ye-re a pllre

blue, dkar ye-rl a pure white C.

~~~. yel1J'fl, Pth. frq., e.g. mdails '!.Iel.-!lei, st11B.dfja yel-yel clear, light,

bright 01' something like it(?).

~~.~~. yes-me, ancestor &h.

CXf yo numerical ligure: 144..

~qr JjO-ga Sll. - 1·nal.-ohyiJr, !Jd-9i .. yo­ga-pa, yo-gi"'1li _ y6-ga-mu; more

about this word v. Williams Ssk. Diet.

ar.q· yQ-6a 1. adj. and sbst., Oblique, stop-ing, slanting, awry, crooked; obliquity,

slope, slant; Cull - yO. ba n lillle sllUlting,crooked Gb·.; ~fa yo the mouth awry S.9.;yon-po, col. -yon-Ie-, adj., id.j yo ,r<,;,i-ba,yQn-po blrml-ba, ~.,to make the crookedstraight; -zdm-pa yon.-y6n co dug- IV. thebridge is unsteady, swings to and fro; fig.twisted, distorted, pel'Yerted, erroneous; yon-­dpyadwrong interpretation, false judgment;going crooked ways, deceitful, crafty, andsbst.. crookedness, deceitful dealings 0.;.more frq. ),fJO. - 2. everything, altogether,whole (?) Seli.

D:fS~' yo--bydd, tools, implements, chattels,household furniture, necessaries, o(so­

bai necessaries of life; mCod.-pai requisitesfor sacrificing; yo-bydd sby6r.ha to procurethe needful, to make prep1U'ations Dd.; yo­byad (a~cdJ".kyis (or bzan.pos) sfOb-paTar. to pl'ovide a person with everythingneccsi>ll.ry, to lit out well; yo-blJdd ,,11-kJid. (?) &h.; yo-bydfJ.kyis obral-ba to be inwant of the needful; Mr P!J«gs yo ~ hyddmoney, cattle, and furniture, as a spccifi.cation of property.

iXf~· yo-J)og JVdli. n. ofa tree, whichby the Lamas of Sikim is stated

to grow in Tibet; &11.: elm, and in anotherplace: rii YO·oMg linden.lree, less prob.

u:f.qr yog 1. col. but also sometimes in B.,for ~og below, down stairs, !J09 - Itdli

ground·floor; cellar. - 2. v. fydrJpa·

515

pole 01 stick for stirring the fire, poker

.I///. ///. 2. v. yyog-po.

>/<></-}<'i" <>nc that is wotting his

bed Sc/t.

"'''"'I

1

*-.'/'"'* " S( '( l throughout

(except in Balti, where they>a\ "on-c(is*); not unfrq. also in later lite-

rature, for ^on-ba to come: Sck. has also

yon-cad (-fsad?) time and place of coming,and yoit-ye ever before, at all times (?).

yof'in, all, whole, mgo-ndg yons-kyi

/)< Git: lord of all the black-haired

(i.e. of all men); yons- du- fsal-gyi po-bn'i/i

Mil. the palace in which all wish to meet,

nif.; yd/is -su adv. wholly, completely, alto-

gether, i/ons-su ddg-pa quite clean, yons-su

tpdn-ba to give up entirely; y6ns-su bslad-

de quite lost in perverseness ; generally, uni-

versally, zcx ;joit*-su yrdgs-so Glr. so he was

universally called; yom-grdgs-kyi bu cen

bzi Mil.nt., four disciples, followers, of uni-

versal fame; sdug-bsndl-las yons-su ma

tjrnl-la Stg., seems to mean : he is not yet

quite delivered; cf. however ye-nas with a

negative. yons-grub the absolute, what

is independent and complete in itself Was.

(202).-yod-pa, resp. and eleg. mas-pa 1. to

be, = ym-pa, sgyu yod Dzl. it is de-

ceit, humbug; often with the termin., like

Odug-pa, dud-pa ltd-bur yodGlr.it is smoke-

coloured; sin-fu mfun-par yod Odug-pasGlr. as they are very intimate with each

other; with a participle joined to it (or a

gerund, vulgo, esp. in W.}, gro-ba yod it is

becoming, growing, getting lib.; *<ir-j

r

>yogs-

su bstdn-pa yod it is pointing towards the

east, stsdl-nas yod he gives, has given;

brlxig-na* yod he is building, he was build-

ing; *U>b(s)-te yod* W. he is (has) come;\vit Ifa root often pleon. : rias bsags yod Kyod-

kijis Kol</';/

Mil. I have been splitting (the

tree)do you carry it away now; nan c&ii-

po byas yod Glr. he has been committinga great evil; son yod -pas l*th. as he was

gone. 2. to be in a certain place, da- rd~iii-

bu^ig ydd-pai ndn-na Dzl. inn pond which

\- \<, that place; tint yul-ini-la* bu-mu

jHi-mam Dzl. the girls that are among mysubjects; *dc. t/<i/'/-//</ i/t'n/-/,nn fxii/'t-ma* W.

all that is in it; y6d-sa, pop. for gdn-na-ba,

place of abode. 3. to exist, to be on hand.

bde-bayodmayin l*lh. no happiness exists;

i-iiii-zad yod kyafi rid-kyi Dzl. as possiblya little might still be on hand

;V yod is, or

are there (even now) ? Glr. ; xnd/i-ba ydd-

pai dus-su Thgy. whilst there is day-light.- 4. with genit. or dat. for to have (like

the Latin eat mihi I have): su-la-^anyodma yin Pth. nobody has. . .; rgydl-po-la

Odod-pa cen-po yod-^par Odug the king seems

to have yet a great wish; rgydl-moi yyog-

mo zig yod-pa de Pth. a maid-servant whomthe queen had ;

so in a like manner without a

case: grizig yod-pa de Mil. the knife which

he had about (him); yod-pa Thgy. the

things which one has, ra vnaQ%ovTct', Kron-

pa Odom bcu-dgu yod-pa Glr. a well havinga depth of 19 fathoms. 5. yod-par ^yufa fut. of yod-pa shall or will be. b. to origi-

nate, appear, bsd/is-pai sul-du da-run yai'i

yod-par gyur-nas Dzl. as in the place of

(the gold-pieces) that were taken away, al-

ways new ones appeared, c. to get, receive,

Kri ydugs kyah yod-par gyur cig Dzl. the

throne should also receive a canopy! yod-

par byed-pa to beget, produce, effect, frq.,

bu yod-par gyis sig Dzl. get her a child!

Comp. Cs.: yod-pa-nyid existence, yod-min -

nyid non -existence; Sch.: yod- fan

'thoroughly clear'; yod-fsod yin 'it has the

semblance of being' (?); yod-med a. beingand not being, yod-med go-bzlog snan op-tical illusions, when one imagines to see

what is not existing, or the reverse, b. in

W. yod is also used merely to give force to

med, as *yod med* there is not at all ...

y n ! 9'tt- offering, of free will, to

priests and mendicant friars, frq., zds-

yon a gift consisting in food, yon Jbvl-ba

to bestow a gift, to bring an offering; yon-du J)ul-ba to present as a gift; fee, sindit-

yon physician's fee 6*. ; yon sno-ba to bless

the gift received, to return a blessing for

it. 2. =yon-tan.

t:q'l:iJ'~ !Jd9-pO I. &/1. yOfj-tIlO, lV. !/Oy.Ji,i,pole orsliek lor stirring thefire,poker

Mil.m. - 2. v. '1yQy-po.t:q'l:iJ'93~' YQy~ri-ill one that is wetting his

bet! &/,.D;fc:::,'.::r !JIi';-ba, l,fo yo,ia, u~ed throughout.

Tibi't (except. in Balti, where they~:l.y o'r.iIl_~"fI'O); not unfrq, "Iso in Ill.tf'r lite­rature. for ~d,i.ba to come; &1., 111\8 also!jQ,i-cfld (-('ad!) time "nd [llaee of eoming,and yo,i_y; ever before, "t "II times (?).Wc:::,~-r yo';s, all, Whole, 1ngQ.lldg yd,i.-kyi

rJe Gil'. 101·d of all the hlnek-baired(i.e. of 11.11 men); !JO,ia-odu·o(wl-gyi fxJ-bNiliMiL the pnbce in which all wish to meet,ni f.; yd,js.au adv. wholly, completely, aJlo­gether, yOHNU dag-pa quite cleAn, ydlia-sll111'ali-w to give up entirely; yd'i84/t lnlJd·de quite lost ill pel','ersellC&Sj generally, L1ni­versally, Zl'a y&,ja-au [lrdgs.so Gir. so he wnsuniversally CAlled; yd1lJ-grdf}s-~yi lm lmbzi J/il. nt" fOLlr discijlle~, followers, of uoi­\'eTsal fnme; wug- {]$jl(il-laa yo,i, - au magr&.la Stg., seems to mell.ll; he is not yetqnilc dc\i,'ercd; cf. however ye-nas witb ll.

negative. - yo,i'-grlil.l the absolute, whatis indelleDdent nnd eomll]ete in itself WIUI.('02). -D;:f::;'i' yM-pa, resp. And eleg, m'S.-pa 1. to

be, :: yin-pa, tgyu yOO D:L i~ is de­ceit, Illlmbug; often with the termin" likeotllig"PU. dud-pa ltd·bu,' yodGlr. it is slUoke­coloured; Un-fu lIl(,i,I-par yod odug-pasGir. AS they arc "cry intimate with eachother; with a participle joined to it (or"gerund, vulgo, esp. in IY.), grQ.-w yotl it isbecoming, growing, getting Pth,; jdr-F!logs­,u hstdn-pa ycxl it is pointing to\\'llrds theeast, .18Iil·/I1U1 !lOll he gives, has 'gi,'en;bruig-naa yod be is building, he Wll.il build~

ing; °lib(!)-te yod~ lV. he is (hIlS) comejwilh) root often ploon.: ,iaa Wa!P yod J,!yOtkk!Ju I!ol i:ig Mil, I have beeo splitting {thetree),~do you enrry it away now; ,jan chi­po bya! yod Gil', be lias beell committinga graM e\'il; ao,j ydd-1'«1 1'lI,. I\S be wasgone. - 2, to be in a certain place, del' ,v1:(,j­ImJig yM-pai 1Id,;·tla D::i1in:! ~lond which

'"iii ir, that 111..::e; ';ui yUl-mi-w. M-71lO yOd­/Ja·l'Ilaln Dzi. tile girls that are a.mong mysubjeclll; ·Je 'ld,;-7la yOd-lian (Irlti.ma· W.nil th"t is in it; ydd-aa, pOI" for !Jd';-71a~,

Illace of abode. - 3, to exist,. 10 be on hand,bde-hu yod 1n1,l yin PtA. no hlloppineso exists;hiJi-zud yod kYUli "id-kyv, IJzi. AS possibJ)'"little might still be on hano; "yod is, ornre thel'e (e"en now)? Gi,..; a1ldti-/)u !ldd­paj d,i.-!u '1'/'[lY. whilst there is dll.y-ligbt.- 4. witli genit.. or uat. for 10 have (likethe Latin at lIIild I hn.ve): .u.la-~ali yod111a !jilt Pill. nobody 1i:\S •.• ; r!Jydl.po-laodQd-pu chl110 yMpar odug the king seemsto hn.ve yet a. great wish; I'f!!Idl-11Wl Jydt)­1110 zig ydd-pa de Pt/•. Il. maid-sen'ant whomthe queen hll.d; so in a like manner witbout acase: gl'i zig ydd-pa de NiL the koife whichhe had IIbout (him); ydd-pa TJ'Oy. thethings which one has, 'fa im&(JXfWfa; /{rQII­

pa odom u?:u-d!p,~pa Gir', a well bayinga deptb of l!) fathoms. - [I, yOd_par o!lyura fut. of yM-pa shall or will be. b. to origi­nate, appear, b~d"l!-pai sUi-du da·rij/j !lUI;ydd-pm' gyul·-na. Dzi. as in the place of(Lhe gold-pieces) that were taken away, al·ways new ones II.flpeared, c. to get, receive,llri rdugs kya,i ,ydd-par gyuJ' Cig Dzl, thethrone "'hould also receive 8 cunopy! ydti­par byld--pa to beget, produce, effect, frq.,bIt !lOd,pflr g!li~ iifl D::l. get her A child!

Camp. C,.: yod-pa-->lyid existence, yod­min - "yid lion - existence; &It.: y<Jd - (a,i't.horougbly clell.l·'; yod-t.dd yill 'it hns the~emhlance of being'(?); yod-mtd 11.. beiogand not being, yod-m«l gtrb::ldy lIIati op­tical illusions, when one imagines to seewhAt is not ('xistillg, or the re,·erse. b, inlY. yod is "Iso used merely to give force tomed, ns -yod 11~~ there is not aL all ...1Xf"5j' YO" 1. gift, offering, of f~ will, to

priests lind mendiclloL friars, frq., :d.·!jQ>l a gifl consisting in food, yon obttl.JJato bestow fl gift, to bring an olTering; yOn.du obitl-ba to present l\S a gift; fee, ,,/ldn­y<m ph)'siciflD's fee c..; gO/l .>iQ-ba to blessthe gift. received, to return a blessing forit, - 2... ~n-ta>l,

516

yon-tan yya

Com p. yon-mcod 1 .= yon-bdag Glr. 2.

for yon-bdag dan mcod-ynas Mil. dispenser

(of gifts) and priest.- -

yon-bdag vulgo

and in more recent literature for the sbyin-

bgag of earlier writings, dispenser of gifts,

entertainer,

host,

in point of fact identic

with house-owner, citizen, farmer, and also

at the present time used in that sense with-

out any religious bearing; it is also the title

generally used by mendicant friars in their

addresses, something like 'your honour'.

yon-ynas the receiver of a gift Cs.

yon-tan 3jTjf (opp. to skyon) l.good

quality, excellence, valuable proper-

ties, e.g. the medicinal virtues of plants;

also acquirements, accomplishments, attain-

ments, yon-tan slob-pa to learn somethinguseful Pth. and vulgo ; Odi bui yon-tan yinDzl. for that you are indebted to the boy.

this is the boy's merit; property, quality, in

gen., e.g. the different tastes and effects of

medicines Med.; also mystic or fantastic

properties Glr. bdag blus kyan yon-tanmed Glr., even if one would ransom me,it would be to no purpose, not worth while;

Odod(-pai) yon(-tan) v. Odod-pa; pan-yonv. pan-pa. 2. num.: 3.

*

yon-po v. yo-ba.

yb, <ob, stirrup Cs.; yob-goii in-

step of the foot Cs.; yob-lcdgs

'the iron of the stirrup' Cs.; yob-cen = yobCs. ; yob-tag stirrup-leather Cs., yob-mfil the

footing, yob-lun (Sch. yob-Ion) the hoop of

the stirrup.

J" yob-pa v. yyob-pa.

yom-pa Cs. vb., adj. sbst., to swing,

totter, tremble, to be unsteady; swing-

ing etc., the swinging etc.; yom-po, adj., yom-yom Pth., yom-me-ba Mil. id.

yor-po 1. dull, heavy, blunt Cs.; Tar.:

yor-yor

- ba;but the expressions

fom-yor shaking, tottering, trembling, like

an old man Mil., and mig-yor mirage, seem

to indicate that the proper signification is

trembling. 2. oblique, slanting, C.

y6l -9> yol-ma earthen-

ware, crockery Schr., Cs.,

dkar-yol china-ware, porcelain, frq.; yol-gor

cup, bowl, Sch.

yol-ba I. sbst. curtain, yoi-bas Jbre-

ba Glr. to stretch a curtain over;

yol-ba fen-pa Glr. to draw a curtain; yol-

ba ycod-pa to close the curtain (of a door),

yol-ba Obyed-pa to open it Cs.; dar-yol silk-

curtain, ras-yol calico-curtain; sgo-yol cur-

tain before a door. II. vb. 1. to be past,

nyi-ma-pyed yol mid-day is past, it is after-

noon (about 2o'cl.) Wdk. (v. nyin-zdg');

srod yol son the evening-twilight is gone,it is complete night (about 11 o'cl.) C.; nyi-

ma yol-la Kad day is almost over, eveningis drawing on, Dzl. ?%, 6; dus-las yol-ba

to be past, both impers., it is past, it is over,

and pers., he is past his prime, old, decrepit

Dzl.; rlun dan car dus-las mi yol-bas wind

and rain setting in and ceasing at the pro-

per time Dzl. 2. also yyol-ba C, dbyol-ba,

Jbyol-ba to evade, shun, to go not to a place.

mig yol-ba to look away; *le-yol cem-po

yin* he is very shy of work, averse to la-

bour C.

2/os,1 . slightly roasted corn, m ostly barley

or wheat, which on account of its trans-

portability is generally taken by travellers

along with them, as their fare on the road;

fresh prepared it is much relished by the

people; Jbrds-yos rice, thus prepared S.g.

2. hare, but only as an astronomical term,

yos-lo the hare-year.

cnUspr yyag, ^*fT-> tne Y^ Bos grunniens'

(reckoned by the Hindu among the

antilopes), fern. v. Obri-mo; po-yydg male

yak; pa-yydg uncastrated yak-bull; yyay-rii horn of a yak, also n. of a plant, Morina

Ld.; yyag-rog-zol-cen a very long-haired,

shaggy yak Sch.

yyari I- ^s^- ^? synon. dpal, happi-

ness, blessing, prosperity, yyan cdgs

blessing comes (from), grows (out of), nif.

Mil.;sor it departs, it is gone ; yyan-skyob,

yyan- gugsSchl. 263, *yan-Kug* W. a calling

forth of blessing, sacrifices and other cere-

monies performed, in order to secure happi-

ness and prosperity. yyan-skdr propitious

stars or aspects; the lunar mansions no.

5Hl

Compo yM-1IlC6d j. - yon-bdag Gb·. :l.

for yOn-bdag dati 111CQd-rn~ Mil. dispenser(of gifts) and priest. - yim - bdag vulw>and in more recent literature for the 3byin­bgag of enrlier writings, dispenser of gifhl,entertainer, hosi, in point of fnct identicwith house·owner, citizen. farmer, and alsoat the present time used in tbat sense with­out. Rny religious bearing; it is also tbe titlegenernlly used by mendiClmt friars in theil'addresses, something like 'your honour'.­ycln-ynm the reeei\'cr of n gift L8.tJ:f~?~ yQn-ian ~ (opp. t03KYQn) J.good

quality, excellence, valuable proper­ties, e. g. the medicinal virtues of lliants;also acquirements, accomplishments, attain·ments, yOn-tan 3l6h-pa to learn gomethinguseful Ptli. and ,'ulgo; odi bui !JOn-tan yinD:.:l. fOI" thnt you are indebted to the boy.this is the boy's merit; property, qualily, ingen., e.g. the different tastes aod effects ofmedicines MM.; nlso mystic or fantasticproperties Gll'. - haag blU3 k,yait yon-tan1ned GiI'., even if one would nlnsom me,it would be to no purpose, not worth while;oMd(-pai) ydn(-Ian) v. oddd-IXl; pan-yonV. p'an-pa. - :l. num.: 3.

D:f~~ yon-pr> v. y6-ba.

i):f::r q::r!JOb, ~ob, stirrup w.; yolJ-g6,i in-, step of the foot (S.; yob-lbltp

'the iron of the stirrup' (S.; yW-cell _ !JObCs.; yoh-fdg stirrup-leather C3., yo!Mllfil thefooling, yob-luli (&h. yob-loii) the hoop ofthe stirrup.

D:f.:r.:r !JI;b-pu v'l'yrJb-pa.

D:f~''J' yJm-pa (S. vh., adj. sbst., to swing,totter, tremble, to be unsieady; swing­

ing elc., tlte swinging elc.; y6m-po, adj., yom­y6m Pth., yom-mt-ba Mil id.~'::r !fOr-po 1. dull, heavy, blunt c,.; Tar.;

y6r - yoI' - ba; but the expres~ions

fom-yOr sbaking, fottering, trembling, liketin old man Mil., nnd mig-yOI' mirnge, seemto indicate that the proper signification ist~mbling. - 2. Oblique, slanting, G.afr'..rEtf, Ufr'..J'~' yol- g<J, yrJl-1Ilu earthen-

ware, crock~ry &lirJ Ct?

dJ.:ul'-!fdl China-ware, porcelain, frq.; yol-gdl'cup, bowl, SeA.i):fr.p::r y6l-ba I. ijbst. curtain, y6l-bat. obri-

ba GIl'. to stretch a curtain o"cr;ydl-ba fen-po. Gil'. to draw a curtain; yJl­ba rCod-pa to close the curtain (of n door),ydl-ba obyM-pa to open it C8.; dm'-ydl silk­curtllin, ra3-!l0I cnlico-curtain; 8fjQ-y6l cur­tain before a. door. - n. vb. 1. 10 be pasl,nyi-ma-pyed yol mid-day is pust, it is after­noon (about 20'cl.) Wdk. (v. n,yin-zag);31YHl yoi 30" the c\·eniog-twilight. is gone.it is complete night (libOll~ II o'el.) c.; lIyi­rna y6l-la ~'(fd day is almost over, eveningis drllwing on, Dzl. 'Pt., 6; dia-l~ yol-va10 be past, both impers., it is past, it is over,and pers., he is past his !,nme, old, deerepitDzl.; rtuJi dan cal' dm-w mi ytJl-bWl wiudancl rain set.tio~ in nod censing a~ the pro­reI' timl1 Dzl. - 2. IIlso 'YyoUJa C., dbyol-ba,oby6l-ba 10 evade, shun, 10 go not to a place,mig yol-ba to look awny; *Ii-yol cern-poyin* he i6 very shy of work, averse to la­bour C.af~'!j08, 1.slighUyroasled com, mostly barley

or wheat., which on account of its trons­portability is generally taken by travellersalong with them, as their fare on the road;fresh prepared it is much relished by thepeople; J.mis-.lfJ8 rice, thus prepared S.g.- i. hare, but only as aD astronomical term,yd3-w tile harc-year.~=f]' f"Jag,~ the yak, Bos grunniens

(reckoned by the Hindu among thetlntilopcs), fem. \'. obri-rno; iJ{)-)'1Jdg maleyak; j)a-fgdg uncastrated yak-bull; n;ag­ni horn of a yak, also n. of a. plMt., MorinaLd.; l'yag-rog-zol-Un a. very long-haired.Shllggy )'ak &h.~!:.. l'Yr",i 1. &k. m, synon. dpal, happi.

ness, blessing, prosperity, r!lan cdtp1I1essing cOllies (from), grows (out 01), nif.Mil.; Sot· it departs, it is gone; f1/aii-slcydb,f!J(lJi-of!U!p&hl. 263, *.ya1i-Mug* W: a calling:forth of blessing. sacrifices and otber cere·monies performed, in order to secure hllp/li­ness and pros/,erity. - ry«ti-d:dl' propitiousstars or aspects; the lunnr llIansions no. S

517

yi/l,

to yv \. /V/V//-N/, iif. )i/u/i-l,'iiii beggar's

baQof theLamas. --///<//J-m// happy, blessed,

prosperous, yydii-nu'd the contrary. ///""-

///'/;i written benediction Glr. yyan-llin

a deity of the Shamans, dispensing happi-ness Sch. 2. gulf, abyss, in-n. yydi'i-mi also

-yzdit; ji-lwm info f>~in yydii-sa ce SO

as you stand, so deep is the gulf; lus

thi ytoh-ba to plunge, to precipitate

one's self Dzl.\ yydn-du or yydh-la Itun-ba

to fall down Zte; mcd/t-ba to leap (?//.;

/'idn-son-gi yydn-la Jk'or 1'f/t. he totters on

the brink of the abyss of hell: yydh-sa-las

c <.kin-pa to snatch from the abyss, to save

.] brag-yyan-yzdrTooky precipice M-Ag.

yya"~ f-' &'^- : '^ie precious stone

chas'.

fyan-fse Mil. nt., 6'. a bowl or cupof clay or wood.

yzdn-aos Skin of an animal,

used for clothing; Mil. also fig.: bzod-pai

yyaft-lugs gyon he wrapped himself in the

mantle of patience; yyait-yzi Le.v. ^f^T,skin of an antilope, the customary couch

ofthe members of religious orders; also skin,

couch, covering, in general Pth.

yyun-pa J->exx. w. e. Sch. : a cuta-

neous eruption, akin to the itch,

which is said to invade any part of the body,and to be combined with a copious dis-

charge of matter; hereditary, and not con-

tagious.

, )'yub-pa, yydb-mo v. yob etc.

y-yam Sch. :

l

the following a good or

bad example, with the respective

consequences (?)'.

yydm-pa Sch.: 'a certain stone';

*yam-pdn* W. a slab of slate, roof-

slate, for yya-spdn.

ZTTWQ" I'M"1 ' rus^' mcorr- verdigris; Icays-

lyd id.; Icagsgya caf/s IA. iron rusts;

*ya for, or jun, or yoit* W. id.; *ya cdd-

ce* W. to scrape the rust off (from metals),

to clean, polish; yya-ddg-pa freed from rust,

clear, polished, e.g. a mirror; yyd-pa rusty

Sch.; fig. for infection, contamination Mil.:

t n ,/,-iff-fnt to be mouldy Sch. or more< nn. to get rusty, to get covered with foul

extraneous matter; If-i'-lu y>)<i- <lritl byed Lt.

the tongue gets furred. 2. also Yijd-ma,

vulgo *yd-mdti*, slate, slab of slate; yya-

spdit l.id. '2. ^s. also oil of vitriol, sulphuric-

acid (V) 3. in ('. verdigris; )','/<(-?>:/1. a line

drawn with a slate- or lead-pencil. .. slate-

pencil, lead-pencil, also yya-smyug. 3. bolt,

bar, yija rgdb-pa to bolt, to bar, yya pye-ba to unbolt, to unbar; yyd-xir

=yya;

*dzin-

ya* C. pin. 4. v. yyd-ba.

2TTUJQ."TJ'5J* Tydrkyi-ma Lt. n. of a plant,^ \nLh. asmall high-alpineS;ui>-

surea.

yyd-ba 1. to shrink, to start up, in

consequence of a sudden irritation,

tickling etc,to shudder, skyi-yya-ba id. Mi/.:

W.: *ya cug-ce* to cause to shrink or start,

to tickle, Cs. also: yyd-ba to feel a horror.

- 2. to itch, del lus yyd-bas Dzl. because

he felt an itching.

yya-yaV- V-^/*yes! in speakingto inferiors.

yy<*-ti maple *S/X-.; the dried leaves

of it are said to be boiled by the

poor instead of tea.

T yar-ddm Lex., oath(?) Sch.

yydr-ba to borrow, to lend;to hire

;

with reference to money, only

provinc. (LA., T!s.); po-bran-nas mar- me

yydr~te Glr. having borrowed a lamp in the

castle; ynas-fsdn yydr-ba Tar., C., *<Jdn-sa

yni'-ce* W. with la, to ask for reception.

night-quarters; Kdii-pa rydr-mKan lessee,

tenant, lodger; yyar bycd-pa yydr-ba Mi.;

*pan-ydr co-ce* W. to succour a person byan advance of money; pa-yydr step-father,

ina-yydr step-mother, hu-yydr adopted child;

yydr-po credit for what has been lent, ad-

vanced; *ydr-po tdii-ce* W. to lend, a thing,

Nr ///. to let, lodgings.

yyar-fm& food, nourishment, vict-

uals Sch.

;.'/<'<-/'r'9h* yyda-mu the right

hand,;v/as-/m on the right (hand),

)'yds-su to the right, yyds-nas from the right;

~T r!J'IIt-ti

to /'t. \'. 1'9!f1l-~I(;," - )"fJwi-IMg beggar'sbag of the Lnlllll~.-r!ftiJi-4.'nnhappy, blessed,prosperous, {yail-IIIM tile contrnry. - lVII,i­!Pt/ a. written ueuediclion Gl,.. - ryu,i-lndII. dl'i~y of the SlmulllM, di~l'ellsing hl\l'l'i­lIess &11. - 2. gull, abyss. gell. ryuli-Sll :llsonlllil-r::UII; ji-Uam m(o bzitl {yu,i-su fe sohigh l\S you stnnd, so dccl' is the gulf; lll.ryd,i-4.11l ftQli-ba to plunge, to precipitateolle's self D::l.; nJdli-dll or )'lJd,i-lu ltli,,-buto fllll down D::l.; mrxlJi-ba to leal) Gll'.;,iall-IO,j-!1i ryuri-la ~A'Q,. PM. he totters onthe brink of the abyss of llClI; }'yd,i-sa-la.od::ill-pa to snatch from the :'abyss, to snve1'1'!I!J.; bl'ag-yyu,i-r::rirrocky I,redpicc M,iy.

~c:.(l' t"ymj-ti &Ii.: 'the precious "toneelias'.

.:rtJ,J_.-::.~ ryll,i-(u Mil. lit., C a uowl or cupI ,- '" of clay or wood.

:r'fic.'~~'t' y'VllIi-liI[Js C. also !lu" -lIis, -'"' fui1~-!!Q$ skin of an nnilOnl,

used for clothing; Mil. :llso fig.: b::rkl-pairyait-Iugs 9!JO'1 he wrnpped himsclf in themnntle of patience; nJu,i-rzi 1..A>.£. owm.skin of an antilope, the customnry couchofthe memhers of religious orders; lIhoskin,couch, covering, in general l'tk~~'.q' J'!Jull-lIa ]"a,"(. W.C. Scll.: a cutu-

neous eruption, akin to the itell,which is said to invude allY parl of tbe body,nnd to he combined with n. copious dis­charge of matter; bcredittlry, and not con­tagious.

~::r ryab, rydb-pa, )'ydb-1no \', yuh Cll'.

~~. yyam Sd,.: 'the following II j.';ood orlmd example, with the l'espectil"e

oonscqueuces(?)'.~~'tr rydm-pa Sell.: 'a certain 8tone';

°yam_{uiJiO W: a slab 01 slale, roof­slale, for n!"-spait.~ai J"ya I. rusl, incorr. verdigris; It'-ays-

[JlJd id.; U'ag$ gya (1.1.'/$ U. i,'On rusLs;·ya for, or jll,i. or !Jo,io W: ie!.; ·YII Md­i:t" IV. to ~<:rllpe the rust ofT (from metnls),to clean, polisl.; yya-day-pa freed fro," ru~t,

c1eaf, polisbet!, e.g. n \Ilirror; J'yd-pa rustySdl.; fig. for infection, contanrinalion Nfl'b

ry,j od,'i<l-ba to he lIIould)' Scli. or morecorr. 10 get rusly, to get fO\'crecl with foulextraneuus mlltterj lce-la J"ya-odrifl0Jed I,t.the tongue gets furred. _ t. :.Jgo )yaollna,vulgo ·yd-Jnd,j*, slale, slab of slate; rya­3pd,j l. id. 2. (;1:. al$O oil of vilriol. sulphuric­acid0) 3. in (,: verdigris; rya-fi!1 t. a linedrawn with a slate- or lead·pencil. '!. slale­pencil, lead-pencil, also J'1Ja-sllly,lg. :1. bol~bar, ryu rgdb-pa to holt, to Llllr, ryu w­ba to unbolt, to unbnr; rlJa-lil'- r!JUj·od::in­yaO C. pin. - 4. v. ryd-ca.

~a.-~'5.I' nJd-kyi-7<'U Lt. n. of a plant,in Lit. llslllnll higll-nlpineSllus­

surca.

ttp{a.'~' fyU.-ba I. 10 shrink. to start up, inconsequcnceof a."udden irrit.ntion,

tickling etc, to shudder,sAyi-ryu-oo id. Mil.;IV:: ·!Ja t'tig-h" to cause to shrink or sLart,

10 tickle, fl. also: ryd-ba to leel a hOl'l'1lr.- 2. to itch, dl!i lus ryri-bu3 D::l. hecauselie fclt au itclling.

~C\~. r.'J~·Yu~, °!Ja-.lJu"yes! in speakingto lnfenors.

~C\~. ryd-li maple Si1:.; the dried lell\'csof it nrc Sl!.id to he boilf'd by tile

Iloor instead of tell.

~~.~~. fUl'-dam Lu., oath(?) &1,.

~.::..'.:r rydr-btl to borrow, to lend; to hire;wilh l'eference to money, ouly

11l'O\"inc. (Lh., T3.); po-braii-tl.lU mdl'-IMr!J!i,..u Gz". having borrowed 1\ lllillp in thecastle; fIlcu-(lldli rydl··ba T(lI'" r...:, -,,/riii-saYI;" - ct'- W: with la, to ask lor reception,nigllt-quarter5; !(d1i-pa r.'Jal'-~/,~all lessee,tenant, lodger; ryUl' bynl-pa - ryar-ba &/,.;"]in/I-ydl'ro-U' 1v. to succour a. person bylin Ild\"llnCe of money; fta-)'Ydl'step-Iather,ma-y.IJar step-mother, bu-ryur adopted child;l'!Jal'-PQ credil for wlJnt hAS !leen lent, ad­\'aoced; ·yar-po ld,i-U' n~ to lend, a. thing,ScI,,·. to let, lodgings.~'::"'~~-r ryal'-(~f~ food, nOUrishment, vicl­

uab Sd,.~~.;j' ryris.pa righi, r.IJlU-lIIa the rigllt

hllnd, lyrit-Ha ou llle rigbt(hlllld),}:Y",-~u to ~erjght,n;J,."as from the rigbl;

518

yyen

mig-)'yds the right eye, lag-yyds the right

hand, rkan-yyds the right foot; yyas-hos,

-pyogs, -logs the right (hand) side: yyas-

yyon right and left; yyas-yyon-la ltd-ba to

look all round; yyas-ru 1. the right wing.

2. p.n., district in 7s.;*Yp-ru tsdn-po* n.

of the principal river in Tibet v.; tsdn-po.

yyiil-du or yyul-nor zugs-pa to go to battle

Do. ; yyul som-pa to prepare for battle Lex.;

dug li>aiyyul-no zlog-pa to repulse the war-

like host of the five poisons Mil.

' err n -

to be hindered 6s.;

Lex.: yyer-mas yyic/s-pal

/i^ turkois, m<^m-/i/Mthefront-turkois

in the head-dress of females; prd-yyu

little turkois-stones; /ym' frq. for turkois-

blue; *yu-ddn* W. the ribbon on which the

turkois-stones ofthe head-dress are fastened;

yyu-mfso a blue-glittering iake, po. Mil.;*yu-zun-men-tog* forget-me-not Sp ; yyu-

rdl a mane of turkois-colour Glr. yyu-

run for yyun-drun Glr.

ty-pa, incorr. spellingfor dbyug-

(also /a-fsan), the cross cramponee -}->,

the

principal symbol of the Bonpos, but also

much in favour in Buddhist mysticism and

popular superstition; yyun-drun-pa = bon-

po; yyun-drim dgon-pa the Buddhist mo-

nastery Lama Yurru in Ladak, v. Cun-

ningham.

^J" yyuii-ba tame, opp. to rgod.

yyun-mo (Lea;, f^f^^rr, a libidi-

nous woman), 6s. : 'awoman having

always the menses'.

'

yyur 1. sleep Sch. 2. v. yyul-Ka.

yyur-ba Lex., C. also *yor-baf

to

droop, to hang or sink down, of fad-

ing flowers etc.; yyur zd-ba Lex. w.e.

;Sch. :

what has become ripe and eatable.

qiujor yyul Schr.: army; 6s. : battle; neither

\* of the two meanings appears to be

quite exact (cf. dmag}\ prob. both yyul&n&

yyul- no denote an army facing the enemyand ready for battle

; yyul-las rgydl-ba and

pdm-pa to conquer and to be conquered

frq. ; yyul ^yed-pa Do., sprod-pa Do., Pth.,

Ofdb-pa to fight, strive, struggle, dan with;

thrashing-floor; both

these words appear to be not everywherecurrent, but provine., cf. Ko-yyu', yyul-Ka

fcog-pa Sch., *yur)he'-pa* C. to thrash.

yyt*~ ba

>less

fr<l- yen-ba, pf.

(f)yeiis, to move a thing softly to

and fro, e.g. an infant on one's arms, to lull

it to sleep Thgy.; esp. with reference to the

water: cm yyens-te moved by the waves to

and fro Dzl. ; fig. to run to and fro, like a

hunted hare Ma.; to stream into, to overflow,

yul-Kdms-su a country, to inundate it, of

floods, hostile armies etc Ma.;

to rummage.turn over, dpe-rnams books Mil 2. to turn

off the attention, to disturb the mind, rgydl-po

spyan yyens-pa dan Glr. the king looking

away, directing his attention to somethingelse

;sems bdud-kyis yyens Mil. the soul is

disturbed by the devil; cos Odod-pa-rnams

yyei)s-par byed-pa Thgy. to put out or con-

found those that are seeking religion ;ma-

yyens-par nyon cig now be all attention!

yyen-ba, yyens-pa sbst., inattention, wander-

ing, absence of mind, yyens-su Ojitg-pa Thgr.to give one's self to inattention; adj. rndm-

par yyens-pa very absent, wandering ;rndm-

par mi-yyen-ba or -yyens-pa quite attentive,

not to be disturbed by anything, inexcit-

able, a character in which Buddha excels,

and which every one of his followers must

strive to attain. 3. sbst. yyehs-pa diver-

sion, pleasure, recreation, *ydn(s}-pa-la cd-

ce*, resp. *fug-ydn(s)-la (s)kydd-ce* W. to

take a walk, *ydh(s)-pa se-ce* W. to be

playful, like children, kittens etc.; jest, joke.

*ydn-pa man, don-ddm yin* W. I am not

joking, I am serious; *ydn(s}-pa-can* W.

jester, buifoon; yens- dod-kyi Ka-kfdm ma

yin Mil., these are no falsehoods spoken in

jest. yyens-ma, a wanton female, prosti-

tute Sch.

yym< yyen-sbyor-ba S.g. to calum-

niate nif.

m(fj-nI1b the tight cye, lag-1Yds the tighthand, rkan-}lId$ tbe right foot; ryus.,;()g,-hIOgs, _Mg, the I'ight (hand) side: Y!lQ$­7ydll right lind left; r!J~-JyQn,..la ltJ-ba tolook all round; "IYIU-fif. I. the right wing.,. (. (' ,"- .. lJ, I" ..:l.p,D., UIS riC III 1.11.; L'-I'U ~a,,·po n.of tbe priuciplll river ;n Tibet Y•• t.uhi-jW.

~', .:@' ryi, dbyilynx (e,:,. erron. ermine).

"",Y'l:n(~y.:r YlIlg(s)-pa 10 be hindered (4.;"'r "I Lu.: JY;Nna, yyifls-pa1tm,IJ' ryu turkois, mdim-l!1uthe frout.-turkois"N in the head-dress of females; ,,'rJ-nlu

little turkoiS'-st.ones; fllui feq. for turkois­blue; "!Ju-dan" 11': the riUOOII on which theturkois-stonesoftbc head-dress arc fltStened j

r.VU-m(1I(} n blue-glittering lake, po. Mil.;"yu-::im-men-wg" forget-we-not Sp; }'yu­ral a mane of turkois-colour GIl'. - J'YII­'oUli for fgun-dmli GIl'.~Ittf:r fyufna, ineorr. spellingf""dbgug_~ pa.-

l:fT"';"!~'-~' fguli-ddlli, ~T (nlso yza­l~ ~ 13(ui), the cross crampOllee+, lhe

principal symbol of the Bonpos, but. nlsomnch in favour in Buddhist mysticislll andpopular sUllerstition; r!JllIi-Jl'illi-pa - Wn­po; r!Juli-dni,i dgm.pa the Buddhist mo­nastery J,lllna Yurru in I,adnk, I'. CUll­

ninghilm.

~'z:::r' f!rU1i..fJa lame, urp· to I'!i()(l.

~~.~ fyun-,"", (/.£J." fir...." a libidi·nous woman), 01. :'awomlln having

always the menses'.

~~. f!lur 1. sleep Seh. - 2. v.fyul-l'a.

~".:::r ryul'~ba uJ"., C. also ·yor-oo· todroop, to hang or sink down, of fad­

ing flowers etc. jfYu,' zU-Qa J..e.>:. w.e.; &It.:what lias become ripe and eatable.~. Y!Jul SclO'.: army; e3.: battle; neither~ .of the two meo.nings al)p~lIrs to be

quite e.xad (cf. Jmog); prob. both f!JU1 findfYui- iid denote an army facing the enemyand ready for baltle; Y9M-la3 1'9ydl-ba lindpam.pa to conquer and to be "Conqueredfrq.; ryul dI!Jed-pa Do., 3prM-pa Do" llt/l.,•fdb·pa to tight, strive, struggll', dan with;,

yyul-du or ryul·Mr ::ugs-pa to go to hattl~

Do.; yyul i01Jt-pa to prellnre for hattie Le~.;

dug biai fy,ll-no zldy-pa to rel'ulse the wllr­likc host of the Jive jloisond Mil.

~1':),rF' ~1:.j·a.~T yyul-~ja, f!Jul-.(afJ, thrashing.floor; bolb

tbese words nppear to be not everywherecurrent, but provine., cf. I!trr!JU; y/lul-Ruycdg-pa &/1., ·yur)M-pa· C. 10 thrash.

~l::::r lybi-ba, less frq. yeli -1m, I'f.(y)yni8, to move a thing softly to

and fro, e.g. an infant ou one's nrDl~, to lullit to sleell TllfJY.; esp. with reference to thewater: (us rydls-tc moved by tbe WIlI'es tonnd fro Dzl.; fig. to fUn to and fro, like a

hunted hare Ma.; to stream into. to overnow,yul-~'d1ll8-su n country, to inundate it, offloods, hostile armies etc Ma.; to f\Immage.turn over, dpe-rnalll$ books Mil - 2. to tumoff the attention, 10 disturb the mind. rgy/U-po8pyan yyens-pa dal; GIl'. the king lookingaWIlY, directing his attention to somethingelse; !elmr bdud-lryi3 ryells Mil. the ."oul isdisturbed by the devil; lOll .dtid-pa-rnamsylftli:s--pal' byN-pa '1'ngy. to put out or con~

found those that lire seeking religioD; ma­yyiit3-JXlr n!Jtm Ng now be all attention!yycli-ba, f!Jbis·pa :>bst., inattention, wander­ing, absence of mind, yyc,is.w Jug-pa nfl".to gi\<e one's self to inattentiou; adj. nlo.lII­

11m'Y!l,is-pa very ab<>ellt, wandering; /'nUIII-<par mi'Y!Jbi-ba or -yyhis-pa quite attentive,not to be disturl>ed by anything, inexcit­nble, a character in which Buddha excel;;,lind which ever)' one of his followers IDU.«t

strive to attain. - 3. SbSI. f!lenS-pa diver·sion, pleasllre, recreation, *!Jd1i(s)-pa-la cu­ec·, resp. *(v,g-!Jdn.(s)-la (s)lrytid-ce* n~ totake a walk, ·y/lii(s)-pa st-c/!* IV. to bellln}'ful, like children, kittens etc.; jest, joke.*!Jallopa man, don.Jam yin* lV. 1 aIU notjoking, 1 am serivus; *!ld,i(s)-pa-i:all* U:jester, l.>uffOOD; ybis-.dod·k!Ji ~!a-R"dlli 7Ila

yill Mil., these nre no falsehoods spokell injest. - J'1Jb18o-ma, a wantun felDale, prosti~

tute &h.~~. l'yell' fgell,w!Jur-1m S.9. to calum­

niale ni f.

519

ST, being

untrue in one's dealings, acting

wrongfully, which also my referees confirm-

'<! to be the general import of the word; in

book-, lin\v>ver, it is usually joined to Odod-

/)//>-,or

il<'il-}nt-l<t, adding ttg-par, as: Od<></-

/><i-/,t

It'iti-jHtr )'i/hn-pa, or it stands alone as

in)!/>'/// l>yt'

t

{-pa, signifying 'to commit adul-

tery, fornication' Dzl and elsewh.; log-y^'msbst

yytr-Ka (vulg. *'er-Ka), bell, set of

bells, or peal Glr.

)'!i<'>'-po wise, prudent, circumspect,

thorough-going Sch.

)'yer~bdg Lex., Sc/i.: a light, lu-

minous place.

;yt'r-ma Med. frq., Guinea pepper,f'(ipsicum W. *nyer-ma*',yyer-siii-

pa medicinal herb S.g.

yyel-bo, 1. to be idle, lazy, slothful;

idleness, laziness; yyel-ba-med-par

incessantly, continually, e.g. to pray, to

guard Mil., S.O. 2. tugs yyel-ba resp. to

forget W.

yyo (rarely yo) craft, cunning, deceit,

more frq. yyo-sgyu, yyo-zol; yyo-can

crafty, deceitful, yyo-med honest, yyo byed-

pa to deceive.

yyo-ba I. vb., pf. and imp. yyos, 1.

to move, to cause to change place;

to be moved, agitated, shaken, ynam sayyos-so heaven and earth were shaken DzL; des

ni sa Odi yyo-bar Ogyur thereby the earth

may be shaken Do.; to bend, incline, tilt, e.g.

a vessel; *zug-po yos ton* W. make a bow!

sku yy6s-par Ogyiir-to the image began to

move Glr.; sa-yyos earthquake; to begin to

move or to march Ma. ; fugs-rje ytitt

- nas

yyos-pai rtags it is a sign that his heart is

moved by grace Mil. nt.; dge-bai pyogs-la

Odw-.sv.s i'nii-zdit kinn'i ma yyos he did not

allow the least virtuous impulses to rise (in

his heart), he kept down every sense of

virtue; yyo-ba partic , continually moving,

restless, uneasy, of the mind A///., mi-yyo-ba unmoved, immovable, n. of Siva and of

other terrifying deities Glr. (cf. Tjj^f Will}

2. to prepare, victuals for the table)>/''>*-

.slnji'<l-i>a id. ; yyds-Kan kitchen, bake-house,

yyos-wiKan baker, cook.

II. sbst. moveableness, mobility, ydii-zin

; i/(>-li<i-iii/l<l iin easy mobility \Vtlii.

usually occurring in the more defi-

nite i.ormyydg-pot servant, man-servant, yyog-mo maid -servant, female servant, waiting-

maid; when distinguished from K6l-po, k6l-

mo and bran, it denotes a higher degree,

e.g. yyog-mo ynyis two waiting-maids and

besides 500 IcM-mo maid-servants Pth. ; yyog-

po daii ydn-yyog dan nyiii-yyog servant, ser-

vant's servant, and the servant again of

these Pth. ; mii yyog byed-pa to be in a per-

son's service, to obey a person ; dpon-yyogmaster (mistress) and domestics, master and

attendants, frq.; nad-yyog, a nurse, one that

tends sick persons Dzl. ; yyog-Jidr attendants,

e.g. yyog-Jcor bcu-drug attendants and re-

tinue of 16 persons, Jcor dari yyog id.

yyog-nah-zdn a house-servant

C. -

a, pf.and imp. yyogs, rarely

yog-pa 1 . to cover, bu gos-kyisyyog-

pa to cover a child with a garment/)^.,

mgo-la rdzd-ma yyog-pa to cover one's head

with a pot Glr.; also: rdzd-mai mgo-la drd-

bas yyog-pa to cover the opening of a potwith a wire grate Glr. ; pyii pdgs-pa yyogsthe external cutaneous covering appears (in

the embryo) S.y.; ri-mgo h'a-bas yyogs the

hill-tops were covered with snow Mil.; to

pour over or upon, to cover in pouring, Krdg-

gis with blood Dzl. ; to overlay, with gold

Dzl; to sprinkle over, besprinkle. **ig-pa-la

tag* W. the wall with blood; to strew over,

*Kd-la gog-fat? W. ashes over the snow. -

2. to pour away, to throw away; so W.; the

people in W. understand the words Dzl. GO,6: *ma yogs-pai Ihdg-ma* the rest which

has not been thrown away, whereas others,

e.g. the people of Sikkim explain it: the

rest that has not been taken possession or

care of.

P/O//.S 1. cover, covering, mgo-yyogs

Lex. covering for the head, cap;

also fig.and po. for self-delusion, self-de-

~~·.:r yye".- ]J/l, Lu. f3f1QT"I'"tr, beinguntrue iu one'~ dCl\lings, acting

wrongfully, which Also IllY referee~ conlirm­eli 10 be tile f,:'encrnl import of the word; inbook", howe\'er, it is usually joined to ~d&.l­

pa&, or ~d6d-pIJ-IIJ, "dding Mg-pal', liS: ~dOd­

pa-lll ldy_pf~r ryC1n-pa, or it stands alone usill )ylm byhJ.l'a, signifyiug '10 commil adul­tery, fomication' D::l and elscwh.; w,-rybn."bst. -:rp:l~F' yyk-I..'a (\·ulg. ·'t,.-/{Il), bell, set of

bells, or peal Gil'.~~::r yfl"-po wise, prudent, circumspect,

thorough-going &/1.

~~~::rr )'~t,.-bdg 1£.1:., &1•. : a light, lu­minous place.

~::..'~' T!J'-'.r-ma Med. frq., Guinea pepper,('a~icutil W: -llfJer-ma-;y!/t"-in',i­

po. medicinal herb S.g.~~'.q' Jyil-ba 1. to be idle, lazy, sloiliful;

idleness, laziness; yyel-ba-lIlM-pal'incessantly, continually, e. g. to pray, toguard .MiL, 8.0. -:!. (1Ig! yyil-ba rCSI). toforget W~. )'YO (rorely yo) craft, cunning, deceit,

more frq. YYO-&Y!Jli, ryo-zol; ryQ.c(mcrnny, deceitful, ryo-'IIIU honest, rfJO b!Jid­pa to deceive.~:r Y!lG-ba 1. ,·b., pf. nnd imp. yycn, I.

to move, to cause to change pll\Ce;10 be moved, l\Sit3ted, shaken, ynal1llCl.f!ldo­oW heaven and earth were shaken Dzl.; de&ni &a .di tfJO-bar .,[J!lW· thereby the etlrthInlloY be shaken Do.; 10 bend, incline, titt, e.g.n \'e58el; ·zug-P"!JO& toti- W. llll\kc a !>ow!&1.:11. )~par ~!l!Jur-fo the imnge began tomovc GIr.; ,a-yym cllrthqunkc; to begin 10move or to march Ma.; {u!/S- Qt ttili-ll<Uyy*-pai rta!p it is 1\ l;ign that his heart ismoved hy groce Mil. 111.; dge-bai j;!J09&-la~du-8i& cwi-zad klp,j flW ~ he did notnllow tbe Icnst virtuous impiliscs to rise (iuhis heart), he kel)t down every sense ofvirtue; yyd.ba partic, continually mO\'ing,restless, uneasy, of the mind -Ilif., lIli~)'!JO­

fHI unmoved, immovaLle, n. of Sivil and ofother terrifying deitil'S Glr. (cf. ""f'Ifl! Will)- 2. to prepare, \'ictuals for t't!l.~ble t!Jd6~

&1.byid-JHI id.; yye.-Ita'; kitchell, bl\l..:e-llOuse,1.'lo'...,'lltalt baker, cooll:.

JI. sust. moveableness, mobility, ydli-Zini1frbIJ-1fyill an ea'ly mobilit)· lVdti.~=!']' Y!JO!I (\'. Y"fI, ~og) TIJr. l\nd elsc\\"h.,

usmJly occurring in the more deli_nite fOflll Y!J69-PO, servant, man-servant, Y.'1dg­11I<:) maid-servanl, female servant, waiting­maid; when di~tinguisllCd from I!dl-]XJ, It&­1110 and bran, it denote~ a higher degree,e.g. yy&f!./llo Y1fyi& two waiting-maids andbesides 500 If& ·mo mnid-servants Pt".; rJdy­po dan J/ri!'-}'!JO!J Jail nyili-Y!l1J9 servant, ser­\·nnt's servnnt, ,md the servant again oftllese l>r/l.; mii y!!O!f byM.-pa to be in "' per­son's service, to obey II persou; Jpon-y!fdgmnster (mistress)aud domestics, master Ilndattendants, frq.; nad-y!JOfJ, a nurse, ODe thattends sick (It'rsOIlSDzl. ; Y.yog-.lorattendant.;,e.g. Y!!O!f·iM,. bCu-dr«y Itttendants and. re­tinue of 16 persons, .I!o,. dati )'yog id.

trfXf=!,]·Cf.·'=~· ~~-na'i-zdntl house-sen'an~

ttpf"=!,]·.:r J'~-pa, pf. and imp. Y!JO!/S, rarelyydg-pa 1.10 cover, bu 9d&-kyuY.'I&f!­

pa to cover II child with a garment Dzl.,mgo-la "thd-ma yydt,rpa to cover one's headwith fl pot Gb'.; also: ,oJ.=d-1Ilai?IlflO-la drd­ba& )'IJC9-pa to cover the opening of a. potwith a wire gmte Glr.; l~yii paflS-pa yyog&the CJ:ternal cutltneous c<H'el'ing al)penrs (inthe embryo) 8.g.; '7wmgo lIa-ba& YyogI thei1ill.tops were co\'ered with snow .Mil.; topour over or upon, to cover in pouring, 1.'o'd9­yl8 with blood D:l.; to overlay, with goldD;;/.; to sprinkle over, besprinkle, -&ig-pa-la(d9' W. the wall willi blood; to strew over,'fd-fa gog-{al" 1I~ ashes o\'er the sno\\'. ­2.10 pour away, to throw nwl\.Y: l'oO W.; thepeople in W. understand tile words D::l.~,

G: '1IIa Y~KJi lIuiU-JIIa- the re"t whichhl\.S not been thro .... n away, whel'ell.8 others,e.g. the I}(!OI,!e l)f Sikkiw explnin it; therest tll1l~ hn.s not been lakeu p05~CI>Sion orcnre of.~=!']--~' )'!JO[/' 1. cover, covering. IIlgo-yydg&

u~. co\'ering for the hClloO, cap;also.Jig. nud po. fol' self-delusion, self-de-, v

520

yyod*

ra-sdoii

ception (prop.: a veiling of the head) Mil.;

sten-yy6gs,stod-yyogs upper-garment, mantle,

toga, smad-yyogs trowsers, breeches Tar.

- 2. cover, envelope, yyogs-can having a

cover.

'

yyod C. the large intestine, colon.

Pth>Cs -

= w6

crafty; perh. also fornicator, as

yyon-ma, ace. to Lex. and Sch. : harlot.

y!)6n-pa\^ yyon-ma the left hand,

yyon-na on the left, to the left,

yyon-du towards the left, yyon-nas from the

left; yyon-Ugs the left side or hand, fyon-

Idg-byed-pa Pth. left-handed, fyon-ru Sch.

the left wing, of an army.

ryob-pa, pf. yyobs to move about, to

swing, brandish, ysog-pa the wings;

rkan-ldg yyob-pa to kick, to strike, with the

arms and legs.

*> * sail>

)"y^'-y6lid Cs.,

yyor-sin sail-yard Cs., also mast,

in a rather obscure description of a ship

in Zam., where the sail is called dar, cloth.

2. wave, billow, rgyd-mfsoi Glr.

Note. Tibetan writers knowing of ships

and navigation about as much as a blind

man of colours, the obscurity of passages

relating to such matters may easily be ac-

counted for.

ryor-ba 1 . v, yyitr-ba. 2. v.yydr-

ba. 3. v. yor.*

yyol-ba v. yol-ba.

Prov - for w*-> in

circumambulation from left to right

(so that the right side is towards the person

or object that is reverentially to be saluted)

Wdn. 2. v. yyo-ba.

s^ra 1. the consonant r, always pronoun-ced with the tongue. 2. num. fig. : 25.

X* '# stands for: 1 rd-ba, 2. rd-ma, 3. rd-

mda, 4. rd-ro.

^'rwa (cf. ni) 1. horn W. *rd-co* id. -

"> 2. sting e.g. of the scorpion. 3. Sch. :

'the inward side, the horn-side, of a bow'.

rwa-can horned. rwa-snyih the pithof a horn 6s. rwa-myug 'the first germof seed that appears after sowing' Cs.; rwd-

rfsa 'the root or bottom of a horn' Cs., rwd-

rtse 'the top or point of a horn' Cs., rwd-

t'sa %.(?).

ni-gan, in com p. rag, brass, rd-gan-

gyi bum-pa, rag-bum brass cup, can,

vessel, rag-dun a brass trumpet; rag-skydSch.: white-copper, packfong, German silver.

fra-sgo hoof, clavy C., W.

'

rd-nye, provinc. for zd-nye lead.

rd-mnye an officinal root Med., Sch. :

carrot.

y.g; rd-ti Cs. : 'a small weight, a drachm

(60 grains)'; but ^^ (not to be found

in Will.) is prob. the Hindi word for ^f%feBT,

the seed or grain of Abrus precatorius, as

a weight about = 2 grains.

rd-mda help, assistance (Cs. also:

companion, assistant), rd-mda Jbod-

pa to cry out for help Glr., rd-mdar sbron-

pa Cs. to call (upon a person) for assistance,

ra Od#gs-pa W. *ram tdg-ce* (cf. zabs Odegs-

pa) to help, to assist Sch., ra ^dren-pa id.

Mil. nt. ; rd-mda-pa helper, assistant Glr. ; rd-

mdai dpuh-fsog auxiliary forces or army Cs.

"

ra-sdon Sch. weeping willow.

520

eel/Lion (prop.: a "eiliog of the head) Mil.;.uJi-r~,.tod-rydgrllppcr-garment, mnotle,to,;:a, .mod-r~ trov;sers, breeches Tar.- 2. cOYef, envelope, rN-cma ba\'ing l\

co\·er.

~. ryod C. the luge intestine, colon.

"Pfi ~ r!Jdn - ".. Prh ; Co. - ryd - /0.cl'llft.y; perb_ also fornicator, as

nPn-"1a, ace. to Lu. and &It.: haMot.~'1:.r l",jdn-pa left,~a the left. hand,

flJdn- na on the left, to the left,r¢n-du towanls the left) r.tjO,.,.ntu from theleft; rythl-ldip the left side or hand, nJon­ldg-byed-pa /'th. left-handed, ryon-ru &11.tbe lefl winS', of an army.:rpf.::;rq. ryOb-pa, p£.)'Ift'» to move about, 10

swing, brandish, yldg-pa the wings;rka;'-ldg ryQb-pa to kick, to strike, with thearlDS Ilntl legs.

~ ra 1. the COP$OnlOl r, IlwlYs proooun­ced with the tongue. - 2. num. fig.: 25.

;:;,: ra stands for: 1 ra-oo, l!. rU-Ma, 3. rd-"Ida, 4. rd-,'V.

~. r"t('a (ef. nt) I. hom W_ ·ra-<d- id. _<: 2. sting e.g. of the scorpion. - 3. &It. :

'the inwllro siue, the horn-side, of Il bow'.- rlfC-~alj horned. - "ca..,n!!;" the pithof 1\ horn (il. - f'Wa-mlJug 'the first gefmof seed tbM I\ppcars after sowinR' Ct.; rlcu­"[M 'the root or bottom of a horn' CR., "Ica­rUt 'the tOIl or point of 1\ horn' (~., rw,i­f.a S.!!. (7)..1\~ rll-gall, in compo rag, brass, rd-gan-

!/!Ii lllilll-pa, rag-bu'll br!WI CUll, enn,vessel, rag-d,,1i a br:LSS lrumpet; rag.Il.'!}d&4.: wbite-copper, packfoog, Gel mAil sil ver.

.1\tf rd-lflO hoof, c1~"1' C., 11'.

~.~ fyO"-"1O l. sail. l~ydl ill e..,rlJOr4;Ji sail-yard lA., also wast,

in u. rather obscure description of a shipin Zaln., ",here the hil is c.lIed dar, cloth.- 2. wave, billow, rgyd-7IIWf Gir.

Note.. Tibetan writers knowing of shipsaDd navigation about as much as I blindmao of colours, the obscority of pallSlge,;relating to such Ulatters may cuil)' be a(:­

("ouoted for.

~.::.:,:::r fYOr-ba 1. v.fYu~ - 2. v·n,ar­bu. - 3. v. yor.

~..f.::r ryOl-ba v. yOl-bo..

~~ yyo. 1: provo for 1'YM, in ryo.·J:drcircumllmbolation from left to right

(so Ihat the right side i9 townrds the person(\r object that is reverentilllly to be sl\lutcd)Wd.i. - 2. v. ryo-ba.

.=;,.~. rd.-,.~. provine. for :d-/lyt' lead.

;:;,:~. ra_lHllye 10 officillJ'll root Med., &.\.:"""l

.:;;; rd-a (iI.: 'R Imlll weight, A drachm(60 grains)'; but "{lft (oo~ to be fOllnd

in Will.) is prob. the Hindi word for U1f1It,the seed or grain of Abnu prnawrilU, asn weight ubout _ 2 gl1l.ios.

;:;,:~~q; "d~//ia help, assistance «(iI. also:eompanioD,851i.tant), rd-mdaobdd­

pa I() cry out for help Oll'., 1'(j--mdar sbrdn­pa e•. to call (upon llller60n) for assistance,Ttl od~s-pa IV. ·,·am tOg-U' (cf. :aht. ,IJl9'­pIJ) 10 help, to l\SsiSI &h., ra .I1dn-pa id.Mil. ot.; rd_w,da_pa helper, assistant Gir.: rd­mdaj dpun-Udy auxiliary lorees or army Q .

-=\~!:. r«-Mdn &h. weeping willow,

521

'dg-pa

>'<t-xn>i n. of a medicinal herb Wdn.

166, = syron-siti iir-tree.

rti-lta 1 . enclosure, fence, wall, frq., esp.in W.

,also the space inclosed by a

fence, wall etc., yard, court-yard, pen, fold etc.;

rii-/Hin xk<>r-ba to inclose with a fence Stg.,

rd-can(?), ra-lddn having an enclosure,

fence, wall etc. Cs.; smyug-mai rd-ba bam-

boo-hedge, bamboo-fence, fs&r-mai rd-ba

thorn -hedge, thorn -fence, siti-yi rd-bawooden fence, fence of boards, pickets or

rails C.', rd-mo id., ra-mo-ce a large pen or

fold Mil. and C.\ kun-dga-rd-ba, kitn-ra,

v. kun-, krims-ra place of execution; Icdn-

ra garden with willow-trees; nydg-ra(?}wall of stones put loosely together Ld.; rtd-

ra stable or pen for horses; rdo-ra 1 . stone-

wall. 2. circle of dancers; pdg-ra v. rags.- bd-ra cow-house, pen for cows; rtsig-ra

Sch.: wall round a court-yard; brtson-ra v.

brtson; lug-ra sheepcot, sheepfold; sin-ra

v. above. ra-sul the remnants or traces

of an old pen.- - 2. the first of the three

(or two) months of a season, zla ra-ba.

rd-ma (rarely ra Glr.) goat, she-goat,

frq. ra-kydl bag made of a goat'sskin. ra-skyes Tar.; Sch.: a gelded he-

goat. rd-gu, col. ri-gu, young goat, kid.

ra-rgod wild goat,=

ra-po-ce Cunningh.Ld. p. 199. --

ra-fug S.g. and pd-ra he-

goat. ra-fon 1. a he-goat of two yearsC. 2. a gelded he-goat W. ra-do(?} thread

made of goat's hair W. ra-lpdgs goat's

skin. ra-p'6 a gelded he-goat. ra-lug

goats and sheep; ra-ma-lug id., when a

particular stress is laid on the improprietyof both species of animals being mixed to-

gether; also fig. of improper intermixtures.

ra-sd goat's flesh. ra-slog a coat madeof goat's skins.

*

ra-med infallible, certain, sure Sch.

ra-mo-ce n. of a plain near Lhasa

where the Chinese wife of Sron-

bt&ansgampo ordered a large Buddhist templeto be built Glr.\ as a com noun v. sub rd-ba.

ra-n Sch.: ra-ri-nied-pa neither highnor low.

ra-i'H treddles, dung of goats.

ra-re =rfa-mos, *skyid dug

yon dug* Ld. good fortune and mia-

fortune come by turn-.

rd-ro 1. intoxication, drunkenness.

2. intoxicated B. and col.; Sch. : rd-ro

ddh-po bag-med-pa, v. sub bag I. rd-ro

ynyis-pa glah-po-ce smyon-pa dan Odra

drunkenness while continued resembles a

furious elephant, rd-ro fsum-pa si-ro Odra

the end (of it) resembles a corpse; ra zi

or sans, also ydans (?) W. the drunken fit

is over; rd-ro-ba B., C., rd-ro(-can) W. in-

toxicated, drunk, rd-ro-bar bycd-pato make

drunk Dzl., rd-ro-ba-las sdns-te having come

to one's self again after a drunken fit, beingsober again Dzl.

ra-sa- prul-sndn n.ofaBud-

dhist tern pie erected in Lhasa

by the Nepalese wife of SronbtsansgampoGlr.

rd-si Hind, rope, in Lh. hempen rope,

and as such distinguished from fdg-

pa, rope made of goat's hair, which is the

one most in use in Tibet.

ra-sid (Pers. Ju*^), receipt, *ra-sid

ti-ked* money-stamp.

and WOT ra ~ hu ftnd ra 'hu - la v -

r\ >o sgra-ycdn.' rakfa Ssk. blood, saffron, minium, cin-

nabar Mil.

rag 1. sbst. v. ra-gdn. 2. adj. (Ssk.:'

adhlna} subject, subservient, depen-

dent, rag Ids-pa or lus-pa B.} C., W., *rag-

Idom-pa* W., with la, to depend on, de Ky6d-

kyi nvs-pa-la rag-lus that depends on your

strength Mil.', dbugs rhub-pa sems-la rag-

Ids-pa yin breathing depends on the soul

Stg.\ Oiso-ba yzdn-la rag -Ids-sin as they

depend on others for their lives Tar.;Bhar.'l'l

Kyod rgyal-srid byed-la rag-go Schf. : 'regno

operam nava !' 3. W. for reg, grags, dregs,

sbrag, v. rag-pa; rag-can W. for dregs-pa-

ean proud, haughty ;for grdgs~can famous

;

glorious, splendid; angry (V).

xrn'xr rdg-pa 1. vb. W. for rty-pa to touch.

feel, and in a more generalized sense

33*

,,~, rlHnd n. of .. medicinal herb Wdli.166, _ ~Ui fir_tree.

,,'::r nE..oo 1. enclosure, fence, wall, frq., esp.in 1I~, l\1so the 5".« inclosed by a

feuu, ",allele., rard,court-rard, pen, loldetc.;ro-btu Ihir--lKJ to inelO&e .....ith a fel~ Stg.,rd-h,Jt(?), rn-/dQrl having lUI euciOlure,renee, wall etc. c..; .myIJg-mai rti-JJa bRm­l.oo-bedge, bamboo-feMe, (,"-,naa' rd-bathorn-hedge, thorn-fence, ¥ili-gi rd-ba:wooden fcnce, fen~ of boards., pickets ornih C.; ni-w> id., ra-wlo-a! .11Lr~ pen orfold Alii. alld c.; hUHlga-rd-IHJ, .t"1I-1"Il,1'. .bU!;; lrirIu_ plACe of ueeution; IWli­I'll garden with willo..·-treeli; "!lds- ra(?)"'1.11 of ston put loosdy together Ld. ; rtd­ra stable or!leD for hotsCS;~a I. MODe­...an. 2. circle of dancers; pag..ra '". r4!1"- oo-ru OOW-hoWIC, pen for cows; rtsig-ra&A.: ....11;11 round a court_y.ro; brttd,,-ra 1'.

brtMm; lilg-rn sheepcot, sheepfold; ¥IIH-av.•OO1'e. - ra-Jril the remnants or l.racts

ohn old pen. - 2. the first of the three(or 1"'0) months of ~ season. zla ra-oa.

~~. rd-ma (1'lU1!1y ra Glr.) goat, she-toat,frq. - ro4ydl bag made of 0. pat's

skin. - ra-J.-yh Tar.; &II.: .. gelded be­goat. - ni-gu, col. ri.!!". young goat, kid.- ra-rgdd wild goaL, ... ra~U c.e""i1J9lt.£d. p. 199. - ra-{"s S.g. llnd pd-ra be­goat. - !'a-{oli I. n he-goa~ of two )'enrsC. '1. n gelded he-go," IV: - ra-dO(?) threadmade o( goat's hair n~ - ro-lpdgl goat'sskin. - ra-po n gelded be-g1)at, - ra-litggoot3 and sheep; ra-ma-wg id., ",ben aparticulll.r s~ress is laid on tbe improprietyof botb speeies of animals being miud tG­ge~her; also fig. o( improper intermi:ltures.- ra-Jd goat's flesh. - ra-ddg a coat mndeof goat's skins.

"~J:;,' ra-mid infallible, certAin, sure SeA.

,,;r~ l'a-mo-U n. of /l. plain ncnr Lbtl3.wbere the Cbinese wife of SroIi­

btlall.gampo ordered a large Buddhisttemilleto he builtGlr.; as 0. oom noun ". sub ni-ba,,,~. ra-ri &11.: ra-ri-IIIJd-pa neitber high

Dor low.

,,~. ra-ra lreddltt, dung of goetl.

.:;,.~~ rOo-rI. - rh-mof., .Uyid dllfJ ra-rnyoii dug· Ld. good fortane aod mit­

fortune COme by turns.~.:(' rd-ro I. intoxication, drunk.nnesl. _

2. intoxicated ll. and col.; &h..: rd~dan-po bau-.Iid-pa, v. sub bag I. t'd-l"O

,"p-pa glail-po- ce ""!JOA - 1'4 daIi. .dradrunkCllness Yo'hile ronuDued resemblCl ..furious elephant, ni-ro rhim-pa l'-ro .drathe end (of it) resembles. corpse; fYI h'or tIlIia, also ydtvi. (1) IV. tbe drunken fitii o\'er; rd_ro-ba. n., C., rd-ro(-ean) W. in_wxicatl'd, drunk, ru-ro-6cz, IJyId-po to lI1uedrunk D:1., r<i-ro-IJa-ltv uUi.-u havillg eometo one's self apin after a dfllllke:nlit, beingsober again D-..1."~~!04'lt:· ro_oftnd·mdli n.of..Dlld-

..., dbisttempleerededinLbaMby tbe Nepalese wife of Srori!JtMuUgaJfJPOGir.~~ ro-4i HiM. rope, in LA. hempen rope.

and as such distinguished from ftig­po, rope made of goat's hair, which is tbeonc mOISt in usc in Tibet..::;-~-' N-lid (Pvs. ~J). receipt, ·ra-Iid

ti-i:td" money-stamp.",'~' :wd ':;"';'Of rd-II.. ~nd nt-A.. -lo v.t; ..... t; ..., "Fa-rro,..~ raila &t. blood, saffron, minium, an­

,: nabar Mil.9' rag 1. sbsL y. TOo-galt. - 2. adj. (&t.:

adAina) subject, sub8crvient, de~n­

dent, 'rO{lldl-pa or lNt-po B., C., W, .M9­[J()'m-po. W:, with la, to depend on, rh A'yOd­Ii!!i mi&-pa-la rag-lui that depend! on your5trengtb Mil.; dbugl rnitb-pa HlIl..la rag­ids-po. yin brel\thin~ depends on the soulBig.; otlO-ba rzdn-la rag-ldI-;ili loS theydepend on otbel'S(ortbeir live.; Tar.; nhar.22A'yod rgyal-mw b!Jtd-la "09-go &111.: ;~oO]Mmm naoo r- 3. W. for rtog. gra!!'. dr~fl,Ibr'ag, \". rag-pa; rag-fan W: (or drl!Jl-pa­can proud, haugbty; for graY'-MIt lamouI;gloriolll, splendidj angry (Y).9"q" niy-pa 1. \·b. W. for rlg-pa to louch.

feel, and in a IUOre generaJ.i:red &elise:J3'

522

rag-ma ran

=Ofsor-ba to perceive, to scent, taste, hear,

see, e.g. *ddn-mo rag* I feel cold, *ddn-mo

rag-ga* do you feel cold? (but*dan-mo

dug* it is cold) ;

*go-la zug rag* (C. *rig*)

my head aches; *tog-ri rag* I feel hungry,

*tog-ri rdg-ga* are you hungry? *nai min

%6d-da rag* I hear my name called; *go

Kdd-da rag* I perceive the door sticks;

*'i lun-po Kyer-ra rag* I see, the wind will

carry that away ; *go pe-te mi rag* the door

seems to be locked. 2. adj. dark-russet,

brownish, of rocks, horses W.

xrn-Ti' rdg-ma 1. W. adj. to the gerund *rdg-

te* (sbrdg-ste) : *be-rdg yu-ddn* (lit.

ydan) *rdg-te* a fillet together with a strip

set with turkoises. 2. prop. n. of a village

Mil1

rdg-tse stone in fruits W.

rdg-sa a bead of a rosary, ace. to

Lis. from ^g"TW Elaeocarpus Jani-

trus, the berries of which are used for such

beads.

^H'-A' rag-si n. of a country.

ra9s 1- dam, mole, dike, embankment,also cu-rdgs, cu-lon 2. any con-

struction of a similar shape : pdg-rags (also

pdg-ra} intrenchment, breast-work; pub-rags

stack, rick; sin-rags stack of wood.

rags-pa coarse, thick, gross, Us-kyi

rndm-papra-rdgs-rnams Wdn. the

more delicate and the coarser component

parts of the body; rags-pai dbdn-du byds-na

Wdn., reckoning one with another, on an

average; rough, as in: rdgs-rtsis-su by a

rough estimate Tar.- rdgs-pai mi-rtdg-padan prd-bai mi-rtdg-pa the perishablenessof the whole mass and of the single parts

Thgy. ; ydn-lag rags-pa prob. : strong, firm

limbs Pfh.;of Buddhas is said that they

appear rdgs-pai fsul-gyis i.e. bodily, or sub-

stantially; rags-ris byed-pa Sch.: to work,

mould, form, sketch etc. roughly.

^- ran 1. self B. and col. (nyid, with few

exceptions, is, in W. at lepst, collo-

quially not in use) na-rdn Kyod-rdn I myself,

thou thyself etc., in col. language also =I,

thou etc.; sometimes the person is only in-

dicated by the context, the pronoun I etc.

being omitted; ran-cag, rdn-rnams plur. ;

rdn-gi my, thy etc.;cun-ma de rdn-gi lus-

la cdgs-pas this wife fond of herself, in love

with herself DzL (yet cf. de-ran, below);

des rdn-gi ma yin-par rig-nas he perceivingthat it was his own mother Pth.; ran -la

rdn-gis skra bcdd-de shaving one's own head

Dzl.', also in a gen. sense: rdn-bas nan-paan inferior person than one's self Thgy., in

like manner: rdn-las ce-ba Thgr.\ rdn-la

bu med-na if a man has no son of his own

Mil.; rdn-gi srun-ba to keep, to guard one's

own property Thgy. ;*ran mi- dod-pe kyen

fsdn-ma* C. all the disagreeable things that

fall to one's lot; in compounds: ran-sems

one's own soul (opp. to yzan-lus) Mil.; v.

also Odre-ba extr.; ran-rig rafi-ysal ran-bde

ysum self-created knowledge, clearness, and

happiness (the three fruits of the spirit)

Mil.; ran-srog rdn-gis ycod you will take

your own life Glr. 2. spontaneously, of

one's own accord, zal-zds ran-^on-no Dzl.',

rdn-byon-pa, rdn-byun-ba originated of it-

self, v. below; ran Ogrol-ba 1. to get loose,

come loose of itself. 2. to become clear or

intelligible spontaneously, by intuition. 3. to

save one's self; rdn-sar-ba rdn- grol-ba 2.

- 3. just, exactly, precisely, the very, de ran

the very same;de ran yin so it is ! exactly

so! just so! *dhd-ta ran*6'., *dd-ci ran,

ddg-sa ran' W. just-now, *di-rin ran just

to-day W.; already, snd-mo ran already

early in the morning Mil.; barely, merely,

the mere, the very, na dan prdd-pa rdn-gis

by the mere meeting with me Mil.; mi ran

a person travelling all alone, i.e. without

baggage, horse or companion Kun.;mo-ran

v. mo. really, indeed, actually, truly (the

verb being repeated) : mi-la-rds-pa de yinran yin

- nam? art thou really that same

Milaraspa? *yonranyon-gi)uyin* C. he will

truly or certainly come; even, sddn-po ran

byas now they even hated him Mil.

Comp. raii-skal a person's own share.

ran skyu (?) fub-pa Sch.: to act after

one's own mind. ran-skyur vinegar Cs.(?)

:i22

= o(a~a to pen:eive, kl scent, taste, hear,see, e.g. tdan-?1W rar" I feel cold, -dii'i-lIlf)rag~gd' do you feel cold? (but -daJi-modut it is cold); -gd-la zug Tag- (C. "rig-)my head aches; ·Mg-d rat I feel hungry,ttOy_ri rdg-[Ja· are you hungry? t,;ai mit;Md-da rag· I hear my name called; .goJ.'dd-da rag· I perceive the door sticks;""i lftn-p!! J..'yer-m rag" I sec, tiJe wind willcarry that away; ·go jJC-tt 1Ili rarl the doorseems to be locked. - 2. adj. dark-russet,brownish, of rocks, horses IV,~~ mg-ma 1. lV, adj. to the gerund trag_

tl!* (3brd!J-3te): tbe-rag yu~dan· (lit.rdan) trag_tl!* l\ fillet together with a stripset with turkoises. - 2. prop. n. of a villageNil.

~~ rag.tae stone in fruits ~v,

~'"'9' "dg-8a a bead of a rosary, :loCC. to1./is. from~ Elacocarpus Jani_

trus, the berries of w"hich al"e used fOI" suchbends.

~.::tI'f1· rag-8i n. of So country.

~. rarJB L dam, mole, dike, embankment,also lu.rdy8, ~-l&n - 2. an}' con­

struction of l\ similar shape: pag-rag8 (olsopug-"a) intrenchment, breast-WOrk; jmb-rag8stack, rick; Jiti.frag8 stack of wood.

~~"r rags-pa coarse, thick, gross, lU8-kgi7'1lam-pa pra-rdgs-rnama Wdli. the

more delicate aud the coarser componentparts of the body; Tag'-pai dbdli-du blJda-nalVwi., reckoning one with another, on an;werage; rough, us in: '1'dgs-ruis-slt by arough estimate Tar.; 1'figs-pai tni-rtdg.pad(lIi prd.bai mi-rtdg·pa the perishaulenessof the whole mass and of the single partsT!lfJy.; ydn-lag rdgs-pa prob.; strong, firmlimbs Pih.; of Buddhas is said that theyappear rdfp-pai (!ul"fI!IU i.e. bodily, or sub­stantially; 1'ags-ris byed·pa Sen.: to work,mould, forlll, sketch etc. roughly.

,,1::: rali 1. self B. find col. (71yid, with fewexceptions, is, in lv. at leem, col1o­

quially not in use) na-ran r~ra" I myself,thou thyself etc., in col. language lllso.~ I,u,

thou etc.; sometimes the person is only in­dicated by the context, the pronoun 1 etc.being olllitted; ra'i-l:ag, ra,;-manlS plur.;rari-fJi my, thy etc.; Cii,i-ma de rd,i-gi lIIs­la caY8-pa8 this wife fond of hCI'Self, in 101'ewith herself D::l. (yet cf. de-ra,i, below);de8 niri.gi -rna y(n-pal' rig-na8 he percci\>iugthat it was his own mother Pth.; "(i/,-larari-gis d:ra W:Qd·de shaving one's own hendDzl.; also in 1\ gen. sense: Tati-bas nan.paliD iuferior peJ'S()u tliM one's self Thgy., inlike manner: rd,t·la8 Cl-ba TI.yr.; 1,uri.{abu med-na if a man has no son of his ownMil.; rdit-gi sMi,j-Z,a to keep, to guard one'sown property '.rho!).; tl'wi mi.¢d~prk!len(sd,i-ma· C. all the disagreeable thiugs thatfall to one's lot; in compounds: rwi-s6mone's own soul (opp. to rzan-lUs) Alii.; y.

also odd-ba extr.; ra'/""-;g l'wi-)'8al rwi-bdersum self-created knowledge, clellruess, andhappiness (the three froits of the 6pirit)Nil.; rm/-81oQg ruli-gis rM you will tllkeyour own life GIl'. - 2. spontaneously, 01one's own accord, Zal-zd.8 rali-~61i-lio D::l.;rdti-b!JOn.po, rd,i-lnJU>i-ba originated of it­self, v. below; rmi "gr&-ba I. to get loose,come loose of itself. 2. to become clear orintelligible spontaneously, by intuition. 3. tosave one's self; rdri"';ar-ba _ rd,i-ofI"ol-ba 2.

- 3. just, exactly, precisely, the very, de raljIhe very same; dl! rali yin so it is! CJtactlyso! just so! ·dlld·ta raJi· C., ·dd-Ci "a/i,ddg-sa ra,i t W: just-now, ·di·riil nil; justto-day tv.; already, slid· '71/0 ,'0." alreadyearl}' in tho morning Mil.; barely, merely,the mere, the very, na dan l}rdd.pa rd,i'gil/by the mere meeting with moMil.; mil'wia person travelling all alone, i.e. withputbaggage, horse or companiou Kun.; '71i(H'(i;,

v. mo. - really, indeed, actually, truly (theverb being repeated): lIli-la.rd.8-pa dIJ yinrali !lfn - nom' lIJ"t thou roally that SlImeMilarnspa? ·!JOn ralj !JOil-[l!JU !lin· C. he willtruly or certainly come; even, sddli-po "(1.1;byas now they even hated him .Mil.

Compo t'ali-sJ.:al n. person's own share.- ralt sk!JU (?) (ub-pa Sell.: to act afterooe's own.mind. - rOli-skylJj' \'inegar w.(?)

528

ran rait-In i

/(///-/,;a Sch. rdri-bu? ran-K6na =

raii-hiil territory, district C. (?) ran- Kds

one's own worth, affairs, necessities Sch.

raii-ijriili not made or produced by men,

self-produced.-- rdn-tlmi-bn free, indepen-

dent, rdii-(l;/ii-ji<tan unmarried man Sch.

1. Stg. :=

ran-sans-rgyds. 2. r<t/>-

<)i'6-b<t Sch. : to live after one's

own option or pleasure (?) raii-rgyii Sch.:

'die eigene Ursache, Selbstfolge' (? !) ran-

n6 one's own nature, ses-pa to know Mil.

rtu'i-nyid himself, herself etc., one's self Mil.,

raii-ni/id ^grol-ba to deliver one's self TJigy.,

btlml raii-nyid the devil himself in his own

person Tar. ran- fdg mill, water-mill. -

i-ait-tnfoii pride, self-complacency, self-suffi-

ciency Mil.,Glr. ran - don one's own

affairs, one's own profit, ran-don byed-pa to

look to one's own advantage Do., ran- dod

selfishness, v. ran-rtsis. ran-sndn v. sub

sndn-ba; Sch. also: self-born. ran-po Cs.

=po-ran an unmarried man. -- ran-bdbs

v. bobs. rdii-bu 1. 6s. single, alone, rdn-

bur adv. singly, alone, without a consort.

2. 6s.: a single life (?). 3. Schr.: one's own

child. rah-byui), ran-byon self-born, hav-

ing originated of itself,= rait -

grub frq.

ran-dbati independence, liberty, ran-dbdn

fdb-pa to become free Glr.', ynds-la ran-

dban-med they are not master of the place

i.e. they are not free to choose the place

Thgy., in the same sense, gar skye ran-dban-

med Mil.;*ran-wdu ^ug-pa* to set free C.

;

ran-dbdfi-can free W. ran-Jbar 6s. : 'mus-

ket', in W. it is only used for pistol ;*ran-

bdr (Jug-rag* W. a revolver. rdn-mo Cs.

= mo-rdn an unmarried woman. ran-rtsis

the opinion which one has of one's self, ran-

rtsis dan ran- ddd ma ce zig think little of

your own self! Mil. --ran-bzin, ^*n^,

natural disposition, state or constitution, na-

ture, temper, ran-bzin-las yzdn-du ^yiir-bato change one's natural constitution Wdn

,

Jbab de-ltar ce-bai rah-bzin-gyis as a natural

consequence of so heavy a snow-fall Mil.;

niit-bzin-yyis of itself, by itself, from its very

nature, naturally, spontaneously DzL, in col.

language, ra/'t-te/n-nas id., also for self in

the sense: I, he etc. without the aid and

independently of others; Obyiiii-l>n litairan-

bb'n-can-yiji lus Odi this body participating

of the nature of the five elements Wil/'i.;

(/rti/'/-/in/ r<iit-bzin-can-gyi pyir for ran-bzin-

can yin-pai pyir Sbh. 'ran-Zin jo -pa*

C. needless words, where it is a matter of

course; also: talk without any serious in-

tent; *de da ran-zin-la z6r-ce zig yod* W.

that is nothing but talk. ran-bz6. 1. Lex. :

the right, proper form (of a word) ? 2. self-

determination, opp. to a punctilious adher-

ing to tradition Mil. -- ran -ran each...

himself, each . . . his, her, its etc. (not reci-

procally, as Sch. has it), ran-rdn-gi Krii

^6g-tu sbas he buried each (idol) under its

own seat Glr., ran-rdn-gi leur ysal each

(subject) will be explained in its own chap-ierLt. ran-ran-lao each (final consonant)

has itself (joined), i.e. is doubled Gram.

ran-re 1 .= ran-rdn '. ran-rei sna-fdg ran-

r4s zun each may lead himself, may be his

own guide. 2. we, ran-rei sgo drun-na at

our own door Mil., ran-re-rnams we (the

Lamas, opp. to the laymen) Mil. 3. polite

way of addressing, for our you or the Ger-

man 'Sic' Thgr.f- -

ran-sugs-la of itself,

spontaneously W. rdn-sa, ran- so one's

own place, rdn-sa Odzin-pa to maintain one's

place, one's station Mil., prob. like rdh-mgo

Ofdn-pa', rdn-sar, rdn-sor 1. bzdg-pa to put

(a tiling) in its place, fig. for: to leave un-

decided, to let the matter alone, ni f. Mil.

2. of itself, e.g. rdn-sor zi (a storm) abates

of itself. rati-sdHs-rgyas Pratyekabuddha,i.e. a Buddha who has obtained his Bud-

dhaship alone by his own exercises of pen-

ance, but who does not promote the welfare

of other beings.

r rdn-ga-ba Cs. coarseness, meanness.

rdii-ba, pf. /<//}.<, to rejoice, s<wis mi-

rd/rt-]t<tr discontented, yid-rdn-ba or

yi-i'dit-ba id., frq.; *dhe-la ga-rdn-llidg-te*

highly pleased with it C.; yid nm rd/m-M/i

mi mgu-bargyur-te being very much dissatis-

fied Sfg.; ma-rdii-bzin-du unwillingly, re-

luctantly.

"wi-fa Seh. - "(M-bur - rali-I/dlis ­r(lli-fHl territory, district C. (?) - rflli-o.l."daoue's own WOnll, affnirs., nec~ties &If.­rau-9"lb not mAde or produced by men,self.produced. - rJ';-i!ya-llfl free, indepen­dent, I'flli-ilg(l'pa lUI unmnrried mlln Seh.­"a';-''!l!Jfil I. St9': _ !·ali-rwis-"!fp. 2. rwi­r!l!lIU-gY14 o'lrQ-Qa SeA.: lo li"e after one'sown option or plel\.Sure(i') - !'au-rgy,i Sell.:'die eigene Ur.;flChe, Selhstfolge' (? !)-"Q1i­ild ODe'" own nature, lts·pa to know ~fil.­

rwi-flyid himself, herself etc., one's selfMil.,!'Q1j-1Iyid .!IloQl-ba to deliver one's self Thgy.,lxluti rau"lyid tbe devil himself in his ownperson 7'ar. - J'a,j-oflig mill, water-mill, ­l·mi·J/lfdJi pride, self-complacency, self-suffi­cieDcy Mil., Glr. - ran - dOll one's ownltffllirs, one's own profit, J'ali-doll byld-pa tolook to one's own oovanw.ge Do., rau-odOdselfishness, v. rali-rtsill_ - rali-sllali '". subs1'lllu.bu; &11. nlso: self-born. - ranfO Cs,_ yxrrQ1i an uumnrried man. - ran-bdbsv. ba~. - rdn-bu I. Cs. single, alone, "d,i­bur ad,'. singlYl nlone, without a consort.2. w.: a single life (?). 3. ScAr.: one's ownchild. - J'ali-byiui, rail-/)yan self-born, hll."­ing originated of it.;;elf, - rUli· grub frq.rali _dba/I independence, liberty, rwi-dbd,j(db1JU to beeome free Glr.; ll1ds-la "alj­dbati-1IIM tbey Me not master of tbe placei.e. they nre not free to cboose the plMeTII9Y., in the same sense, !Jur y.7j8 rali-dbmi­med .Mil.; -rati-wa'l Jug-pa· to set free C.;ra,i·(llxi,i-i:an free IV, - rwi-obal' Ca.: 'mus­ket', ill W it is only used for pistol; -l'Qli­bd,' ~lll[l.rd!J- 1V. a revolver. - ,·U,i·1I10 CB._1IIO-I'u,i an unmarried woman. -I'a,j-rwsthe opinion which one hfl,S of one's self, rali_rlsis dati rQiI-oddd mil ce Zig think little ofyour own self! ,MiL - rali-Min, l:!f~,

natural disposition, statc or constitution, na­ture, temper, J·((>j-b::in·laB r::dll-JU of/yfi,--bato chauge one's natuml constitulion Wdli,obab di-ltlll' (i-bu.i rati-/)::in-gyi. as a naturalconsequCtlce of so hcm')' a snow-fall Mil.;rmi·b::(n-yyis of itself, by itself, from it.;; "erynature, naturally, spontaneously D::l., in col.langunge, rali·b::i,l-lIQS id., N"P lot sell in

,

523~'::r rdol-ba

the sense: I, he etc. without tbe Aid andindependently of others; iyu'i-bu. biai nuj·bHIl.b.m-g!Ji ltu odi thi! body particil'atingof the nature of the rh·c elements Wdti.;al'an-poi rail-bzin-tuu"'fIlJi pyir for rali_b!:in_((lU y(ll-pai ziyi.. SM. - -rm;-zin )(/-pa­C. needless words, where it is a matter 01course; also: tulk without nny serious in­tent; -de dtl rmi·Zifl-la ::er-~e hg yod" W.tllal is nothing but talk. - rali-bzd. 1. Lu.:the right, )lroper form (olo. word)? 2. S<!1f.determination, opp. lo a punctilious adher­ing to tradition Mil. - 1'(J,i-ra,i each .. ,himself, each." his, her, its ctc, (pot reci­procnlly, ns Sell. hns it), rali-rdJi-gi I"In'i~6g.tu 1!ba3 he buried eacb (idol) under itsown seat Gl,.., rali-rdri_gi lellr }'3QI each(subject) will be explained in its own chnt'­terLt. - rmi·,·ali·lao each (final consonnnt)lIas itSelf (joined), i.e. is doubled Gram. ­ra'i-re 1. - rmj_.,.dli: rari-rei ~na-{dg rmi­r13 zlllj each may lead himself, mny be hisown guide. 2. we, ra>j-"ji 3gO drU,i·na ntour o"on door Mil., rmi-re-rnalll3 'l'l'e (theLamns, 0Pl). to the laymen) Mil. 3. politeway of addressillg, for onr you or tbe Ger­man 'Sic' Thgr.1 - ra,i-Jugt-la of itself,spontaneously W: - rdli'$(J, rd,i-30 one'sown place, "d,i-aallz(n-pa to maintain one'splace, one's stntion .Mil., prob. like J'dti-mgoo{on-pu; rd,i-au", rdli-;W1' I. bzdg-pa to Pllt(n thing) in its place, fig. for: to leave un­de<:ided, to lel the malter nlone, ni f. Mil.2. of itself, e.g. rdn-wr zi (1\ storm) abatesof itself. -"a,j-~((Iis-l'!!!Jar l'mtyekabuddha,i.e. a Buddhn who has obtained his Bud·dhaship nlone by his own e.xereises of pen­o.uce, but who does not promote tbe welfareof other beings.

~'=lf.:::r rdJi"!/a.w. U. coarsenes~,meanness.

~'.q_ rdll-/)a, pf. ran., to rejoice, U'M fni_"dtis-pal' discontented, yill-rdu-ba or

yi-rd'i-ba id., frq.; -dhl-la ga-l'd,i-t}IIdy-t?highly pleased with it C.; yid fila rdlis-iili111; 'miJU-bm'!J!JHI·.te beingvery much dissntis­fied Stg.; fllll_rali-/)z·i'l-dit unwillingly, re·luctutly.

524

ran-ron-can rabs

ran-ron-can Cs. rough, craggy,

uneven.

,-*rj- ram-pa 1. v. ran-ba. 2. nyin-

rdns-par for fo-rdns-kyi dus-su

early in the morning Tar. Ill, 17. 3. in

W. for rens-pa-

rdns-poSch. rough, rude, unpolished.

*]' rdd-pa W. for bgrdd-pa.

rad-rod v. rdd-po.

*

Tan-da (Pers. |j*Jj, Juj) a plane Ld.

rdn-pa 1. vb. and adj. to keep, or

keeping, the proper mean, to be pro-

portionate, just right, adv. raw-par moderately,

rdn-par sro warm yourself moderately (tol-

erably) L#., zas-fsdd rdn-par zd-ba to eat

moderately >S.^.; Odi-tsam ni van-no this is

about the proper measure DzL; with the

root of the vb.: zin rnd-ran-nas as it was

(the proper) time for harvest DzL, Ogro-ranit is time to go Pth., si ma rdn-par si-ba

to die an untimely death; bag-mar ytan-

rdn-pa dan when it was time to give her

in marriage DzL; not so often with a sbst.:

rtsds-ma rdn-tsa-na when harvest-time had

come Mil. 2. rfsa rdn-pa C. shave-grass,

Equisetum arvense. 3. col. for Odren-pato lead (water) ;

for bran-pa v. fags.

j^q-rob I. superior, excellent; the eldest, of

three sons, opp. to brin-po and fa-cun,

frq.; gan-zdg dban-po-rdb-rnams very able

or clever persons (opp. to Obrin-po or fa-

ma having moderate or very little capacity)

Mil., Thgr., inst. of which rab Jbrin ysumis often used Thgy.; febs-na rab if rightly

understood, that will be the best Thgr., frq.

for: so it is right, that will do; much, plenti-

ful, rab-skrdi ^og-nas also with a full head

of hair (you may be a holy man) Mil.; rdb-

tu adv. very, with adjectives and verbs, rdb-

tu sdoms lock (the door) well DzL; rdb-tu

fcros-par gyur-te Tar.; it occurs also in the

following phrases: rdb-tu O byin-pa to re-

ceive or admit into a religious order, rdb-

tu Obyun-ba to enter into a religious com-

munity, to take orders, slob-dpon cos- bans-

las being with, or being ordained by the

teacher Chosbangs; rgydl-poi rigs-las (to

take orders) as a descendant of the royal

family, of the caste of noblemen Tar.; rdb-

(tu} byun(j-bd) he that has taken orders, a

novice, or in gen.: a clerical person; rab-

byun is also the name of the first year of

the cycle of sixty years ; rab-(tu) ynds(-par)

byed-pa, mdzdd-pa c. ace. or /a, prop, 'to

make firm or permanent', to consecrate, to

hallow, a new house, esp. a temple, an idol;

by this act a house is secured against ac-

cidents, and an idol is supposed to acquire

life and to become the abode of the respect-

ive deity, which occasionally manifests it-

self by sundry miracles Glr.;rdb-tu Jbyed-

pa (also erron. byed-pd) Cs. to analyze, but

Tar. 96 it is equivalent to Heft<TTf treatise,

dissertation. rab- bydms-pa v. Obydms-pa;

rab-^g the second in rank, next in value,

excellence etc., thus DzL 9^L-> 5 (as a better

reading for Obrin-mo); rab-ydns very wide,

very extensive Sch.; rab-ysdl 1 . very clear,

quite evident. 2. sbst. a small balcony or

gallery, frequently seen in Tibetan houses.

3. Sch. history (?).

II. also rabs, ford, rab-med without a

ford, rab-so = rabs Sch.

-.S> . rab-rib, col. also hrab-hrib, mist,

dimness, e.g. before the eyes, in

consequence of impaired vision; *Ko srab-

srib mdn-na mi fon* he sees only a mist be-

fore his eyes, W. ;skdr-ma rab-rib the faint

glimmering of a star.

- rabs 1. lineage, succession of families,

race, family, rgyal-rdbs royal family

or lineage , nobility ;succession of kings ;

mi-rabs human race; rabs - odd a person

whose lineage is broken off, i.e. childless,

issueless, rabs-cdd bza-mi ynyis a married

couple without children Mil.; yd-rabs the

higher class of people, noblemen; md-rabs

the lower class, also : one belonging to the

higher or lower class; collectively: rgdn-rabs old men, aged people, yzon-rabs youth,

young persons; sndn-rabs the ancients (ve-

teres), pyi-rabs men of modern times, de-

scendants, posterity Glr., snon-rabs-sgrun

'"~.~.~ ran-ro,j-~an tAo rough, craggy.

uneven.~~"r nUit-pa 1. v. rali-bu. - 2. 1I!Jin-

,·an.-par (or (o-nili.-kyi dUNucarly in the morning Tar. 111, 17. - 3. inW. forr/~a.

%:.l:;~r2f rali.-po&h. rough, rude, unpolished.

~'.q rdd-pa IV. for bgrdd-pa.

""'<:<,' rod-<dd r. ,,,,,,,,,.

~~. rdn-da (Pm. 1""";..1> •..>.i) a plane Ld.

~"r run'pa 1. vb. p,nd adj. to keep, orkeeping, the proper mean, to be pro­

portionate, just right, nOv. rlin-parmoderately,rdn-par.ro warm yOllJ'self modemtely (tol­cmbly) Lt., zu,-(wd, rdn-par zd-ba to eatmoderately S.g. j ¢di-tsam ni ,.dll~ this isabout the proper measure Dzl.; with theroot or the vb.: zi>i ,",jd..,.an--na, as it was(the proper) time for harvest fri., "fro-ranit is time to go Pth.., U ma rdn.-par Bi-bato die aD untimely death; bdg-7lIl1r rtcui­rdn-pa dali when it was time to give berin marriage Dzl.; not so often with 1\ sbst.:rtsd$-ma rdn-ua·na whell harvest-time badcome Mil. - 2. rlsa rdn-pa C. shave-grass,Equiaelum art.'ffiIe. - 3. 001. for "dren-pato lead (water); for bran-pa v. (ag6.~. rab L ,uperior, excellent; the eldest, of

three sons, opp. to briii-po and fa-cun,frq.; gari-zrig dha'i.-po-rdh-rnama very ableor clever persons (opp. to olmn-po or (d­rna having modemte or very little capacity)Milo, Thgr., inst. of which 'rab obriil rsumis often used TJI9!1'; fibs--na rab if rightlyunderstood, that will be the best Thgr., frq.for: so it is right, that will do; mUCh, plenti.ful, rab--skrdi ~~nat also with a full hcadof hair (you may bea holy mao).Mi[.; Tdb­tu ad,'. very, with adjectives aDd verbs, "db­tu sdot1l610cl: (the door) well Dd.; "db-tu~'rd8"'Par 9yi1r-te Tar.; it occurs also in thefollowing phrases: rd.b-tu "by{n-pa to re­ceive or admit into a religious order, "db­tu "bYlui-ba to enter into a religious com­munity, to take orders.,s~n o/B-opa,i,-

las being with, or l>eing ord"illed by theteacher Chosbangs; rgyd~ rlflll-lat (totake orders) as a descendant of the royalfamily, of the caste of noblemen Tar.; "db­(tu) byun(-ba) he that has tnken orders, anovice, or in gen.: a clerical person; rab­byuri is also the name of tIle firat yenr ofthe cycle ofsi:r.ty years; rah-(tu) rnd3(-par)byM..pa, mdzdd-pa c. ace. or la, prop. 'tomnke firm or permanent', to consecrate, tohallow, a Dew house, esp. a temple, an idol;by this act a house is secured against ac­cidents, and an idol is supposed to acquirelife and to become the abode of the respect­ive deity, which occasionally manifests it­self by sllndry miracles Gll'.; rdh·tu ob!Jld­pa (also erron. byM-pa) c,. to analyze, butTar. 96 it is equivalent to ~1IJ treMise,dissertation. rab·obydms-pa v. obyuma.pa;rab-~dg the second in rank, next in value,e:r.cellence ete., thlls DzL J~","t 5 (as a betterreading for obri,i.f/W); rah-yd.Hs very w'ide,very extensive &h.; rab-}"ldl l. very clear,qnite cvident. 2. sbst. a small balcony orgallery, frequently seen in Tibetan bouses.3. &h. history (?).

n. also ram, ford, rab-mld without aford, rab-ad _ raba &1,.

~'~.:::r rab-rib, col. also hrab-hrib, mist,dimness, e. g. brfore the eyes, in

consequence of impaired vision; .~'Q irab­ii1'1'b man_na mi (oli- he sees only a mist be­fore bis eyes, lV.; skd"--ma rah.."b the faintglimmeriug of a star.~~ rain 1. lineage, succession of families,

"' race, family, rgyal-rdln rOYli1 familyor lineage, nobility; succession of kings;mi-rdw human rll.ce; rabs -lad a personwhose lineage is broken off, i.e. childless,issucless, "abs-cdd bza-mi ynyU a marriedoouple wilhout childrcn Mil.; yd-rabs thehigher class of people, noblemen; md·rab8the lower clnss, also: one belonging to thehigher or lower class; collectively: rgdn­raba old men, aged pcople, jMn..rabt. youth,yOtlDg persons; sl,on-rabs the ancients (Vf­

reres), p'yi-raba men of modern times, de­s~dnlf..ts, posterity Glr., 1,km-raba-s,9''tili

•

525

an old legond, ancient history Zam., sndn-

yyi rubs bco-brgyad the 18 Puranas Tar. 4,

11. 2. generation DzL, resp. ydun-rdbs

Glr., /n't-tntsj^ltt/t-^(^l>x lin'i-pa-na in the fifth

generation after me; with respect to indi-

viduals, period of life, viz. one of the manyperiods, which every person is supposed to

l>;i through, or sometimes pleon. denotinga person as being the representative of his

generation : sans-rgyds rabs bdun the seven

Buddhas. 3. in gen.; succession, series,

development ,e. g. the propagation of the

Buddhist doctrine Tar. 205, 21;bskal-rdbs

successions of Kalpas, bskal-rdbs-nas bskal-

rdbs-su.

r<*m-pa 1. W. quick-(quitch-)grass.

2. = run-pa? Lt., Glr.

Mvn* rdm-bu 1. prob. only in: rdm-bu

Odegs-pa to join in singing, to take

part in a song, to fall in with, DzL %l>, 13

(not: to set up a dismal cry Sch.), v. also

Ocol-ba. 2. = na-rdm Polygonum vivi-

parum.rams 1. indigo B., col. 2. Cs.: 'de-

gree of doctorship, snags- or go- or

drun-^rdms-pa one having such a degree'.

^pj-ral 1 . goat's hair. 2. rent cleft, puralynyis a sloping valley dividing into

two parts at its upper end; ral-ysum n. of

Lahoul on account of its consisting'of three

valleys ;cf. rdl-ba. 3. v. rdl-pa.

"

rdl-ka v. rdl-gu.

'

rdl-Ka \. rdl-gri.

rdl-ga Sch. = ydl-ga.

rdl-gu 1. Sch.: cleft, chink, fissure.

2. dar-dkdr-gyi rdl-gu and rdl-

ka PthJ

ral-gri, col. *ral-gyi, ra-gyi* sword,also for rapier and other thrust-

blades DzL', ral-grii Oddb-ma or Ice blade.

so edge, subs scabbard of a sword C's.;rdl-

gri-pa Cs. a sword-man; a fighting man;rdl-Ka rdl so; rdl-Ka sprod-pa 'to bringthe blades together', to fight hand to hand,

(ral-Ka sbrad-pa Sch. is prob. a misprint).

rdl-pa long hair, lock, curl; mane (of

the lion, not of the horse etc.); rdl-

pa-ban having or wearing long hair, n. of

a Tibetan king that distinguished himself

by his bigotry and by his servility to the

priests; ral-lcan a willow planted at the

birth of a child, under which a lock of the

child's hair is buried, when it is seven yearsold Ld.

t- rdl-ba = drdl-ba and hrdl-ba, pf. of

Odrdl-ba, torn, of clothes etc., mtsdn-

gyis lacerated, slashed, cut to pieces by the

sword Dzl.\ zig-rdl-ba id.; zig-rdl breach,

destruction, Kdn-pa-la zig-rdl byiin-na whenthe house gives way Glr.

; Ka-rdl, ma-rdl,sna-rdl a

lip, ear or nose, that has been

lacerated by wearing rings etc.

ras 1. sbst. cotton cloth, cottons, also

a piece of cotton cloth, handkerchief

etc., ras sbdm-pa thick, strong cotton cloth;

Idg-ras, pyis-ras Cs. handkerchief, napkin;fod-ras turban 6s.; prd-ras a fine sort of

cotton stuff,= kd-si-kai ras.

Comp. ras-rkydn cotton cloth. ras-

skud Cs. cotton thread. ras-Kug a small

bag made of cotton. ras-fcra calico, chintz

Cs. ras-gos cotton dress, gown. re- gd a

strong cotton fabric brought from Sik., C.

ras bcos-bu Cs. calico, chintz. ras- tag

fillet, bandage. rds-pa a person wearingcotton clothes Mil., frq. ras-bdl raw cot-

ton. ras - bubs a whole piece of cotton

cloth. rds-ma a small piece, a rag Lex.

*re-ze'n* C. a long, loose cotton garment,shawl. ras-yug

= ras-bubs. ras-rii v.

re-ru. ras-sldg a furred garment covered

with cotton cloth W. 2. adj. Ka-rds (*re*,

for mis?) hard snow that will bear a man.

rds-pa 1 . vb., Ld. *ras-ce* to get or

grow hoarse, *skad ras son* the voice

has grown hoarse, *skad ras-sa rag* I feel

a hoarseness in my throat. 2. sbst. v.

sub ras.

n, also ri-bo B., *ri-ga* W. 1 . mountain,

hill, ri po-ta-la the mountain (called)

Potala Lix. ;ri-bo dpal- bdr Mil., rgyal-

i////-,sv/// Mil. the mountain Pal-bdr, Gyal-

yyisri; rir on the mountain Mil., ri-la id.

"~'.q' ram-pa

An old legend, ancient history Zam., .tidn­yyi row btWrg!lad the 18 PurnnllS Tor. 4,11. - 2. generation D::l., resp. rdwi-T'awGlr., lia-naa rduti-raba lilu-pa-lIu in the fifthgeneration l\ft~r Ine; with resp~ct to indi­vidu~ls, I)eriod of life, viz. one of the mnnyperiods, which every person is supposed topa!l8 through, or sometimes plean. denotinga jlf'rson as being the representative of hisgeneration: .an.-rgylV raba Ixlun the sevenBuddhas. - 3. in gen.; succession, series,development, e. g. the propagl\tion of theBuddhist doctrine Tar. 205, 21; bakal.-rabasuccessions of I{:\!ptlS, {nl..al.-rdln-na. bd:al.­raw-$U.,qr.q· ram-pa L W: quick-(quitch-)grass.

- 2. _ rdn-pa1 Lt., GIl'.~.~ l'am-bn 1. prob. only in: rdm-bu

odtga-pa to join in singing, to t:\kepart in n song, to fnll in with, Dzl. ~V, 13(not: to set up :\ disml\l cry Seh.), v. alsoorol-ba. 2. "'" na-ram pQlygonum viei­porum.

~~ "aml 1. indigo B., col. - 2. a..; 'de­gree of doctorship, anagl- or~ or

druti,,-oml-pa one bnving sucb n degree'.

~..r "al 1. goat's hair. - 2. renl cleft, ftural myia n sloping nJley dividing into

two parLS M its upper end; ,·al-y.um n. ofLaboul on account of its consisting'of three"nlleys; cr. rdl-ba. - 3. v.ral-pa.

~'TTJ' ral-Ira v. rtil-!l'"

~"f1:r rtil-Ita v. rtil-gri.

"r.l.r::rr rdl-ga &h. - ydl-ga.

Z('-l'~' ral-flu 1. &k: cleft, chink, fissure.'\,;) - 2. da"-dkul'-gyi "ol-gu and "dl­

Ira Pth.'~.r~· ral-grl, col. ·ral-g!Ji, "o-gy," sword,

also for rapier and otber thrust­blades D:l.; ral-grii "dab-ma or Ice blade,50 edge, .!lin scabbard of II sword C•. ; rdl­gri-po. c.. a sword~mnn; n figllting Dlnu;rdl-J..'a "" rallO; ral-l'a .prod-pa 'to bringt.1Je blades together', to figh~ hlUld to band,(ral.~a Ibrad-pa &h. is prob. 1\ I,llispriol).

525

~.=J' rdl-pa tong hair, lock, curf: mane (ofthe lion, not of tllC horIC ck); rdl­

pa-~an having or wearing long hair, n. ofII Tibetan king that distinguished himselfby bis bigotry Ilnd by his servility to thepriests; ral· aan a willoW" planted a~ thebirth of a ebild, under which a lock oC thechild's hl\ir is buried, 'fo'ben it is seven yursold Ld.~'.::r rtil-ba - dl'ol-ba and hrdl-ba, pf. of

odrdl-ba, 10m, of clothes etc., mfw,j­g!J~ ll\Cernted, slasbed, cu~ to pieces by thesword D::l.; Zig-rol-ba id.; Zig-rol bre."ch,destruction, ICdti-pa-la ziY-l·tii byil,j-na whenthe house gives way Glr.; /{a-l'aI, rna-rdl,.na-rol a lip, ear or nose, that bM beenlacerated by wearing rings etc."'~. raJ 1. shst. cotton cloth, cottons, fllso

n piece of cotton cloth, handkerchiefelc., raJ abOm-pa thick, strong cotton cloth;ldg-rlU, liy;,~raa c.. handkerchief, napkin;fda-raa turban G.; prd-raa a fine sort ofcollOll stuff, _ ka-$i-kai ral.

Compo ra.-rlyali cotton cloth. - raJ­deu,l c.. cotton thread. - rat-llug a smallbag ronde of cotton. - r(J$-lira calico, chintzCt. ra.-gOI colton dress, gown. - re-Jd a.strollg cotton fnbric brought from Sik., C.ra' blQa-bu Ca. clllico, cbint%. - "(J$-{ogfillet, bandage. - rdl-pa Aperson wearingcotton clothes Mil., frq. - raJ-lxil rAW cot­ton. - raa - buba a whole piece of cottoncloth. - rda-ma a small piece, /l. rng Ltz.·'1-:;:fn· C. a long, loose cotton garment,shawl. - 7'(J$_yug _ ral-bit/". - "al-ni Y.

re-,·u. - raa.aldg a furred Karroent coveredwith cotton cloth IV. - 2. a.dj. !,'a·"d. erl·,for reJi.,) bard s.now tbat willix-ar a man.~~"r 1'dI~pa 1. vb., Ld. ·r(J$-(:? 10 get or

grow hoarse, ·.kad "0' J(lif· the voicelll\s grown hoa.rse, ·Jkad raNa rag· I feela ho"rscnesli ill my throat. - 2. sbst. Y.

sub ras.£.. ';, also ri~o B., ·ri-ga·1V. 1. mountain,

hilt, ri prJ-ta-fa tbe mountain (ca.lled)Potala Lu.; "i - bo dpal~"b(ir Mil., rg!lul­9y.....ri ,i .Mil. tile n\ountain Pal~bdr, Gyal­!!!Jiwi;-1jjip. Lhc mountain Mil., n-la id.

526

r rig-pa

frq. ;ri-fan-mfsams-su at the foot of the

mountains or hills Med.\ rir-gdn-pa one

living in close vicinity to a mountain, W.-,

gdns-ri an ice-mountain, snowy mountain,

glacier, ndgs-ri or sin-ri a hill covered with

wood, brdg-ri a rocky mountain, yyd-ri a

mountain or hill consisting of slate -stone

or schist; span-ri a hill covered with grass.

2. brim of a hat or cap; side-leather, side-

piece of a shoe. 3. symb. num.: 7. 4.

num. figure : 55. 5. v. ri-mo.

Comp. and deriv. ri-sked v. rked-pa.

ri-skyegs Stg., v. skyegs. ri-Krod chain of

mountains, assemblage of bills or mountains,

esp. as abode of hermits who, on that ac-

count, are called ri-Krod-pa: also directly

= dgon-pa hermitage. ri-mgo mountain

top. ri-rgydl, rii rgijdl-po a very high

mountain, e.g. Tise Mil., Gandhara Sbh.,

esp.= ri-rdb, q.v. ri-rgyud chain of

mountains, ridge of hills. ri-can moun-

tainous, hilly. ri-centri-bo-ce a great

mountain. ri-nyin the sunny side, the

southern slope of a mountain. n-rnyilfall of a mountain, land-slip Sch. ri-stdn

v. stdn-pa. ri-deu (or rdeu) cun Sch., *ri-

bog, ri-de-bog* W., a mountain spur abound-

ing in stones. *ri-dod* W. (perh. to be

spelled ri-fcrod) a hermit (living) in the

mountains. ri-snd mountain spur. ri-

pa an inhabitant of the mountains, moun-

taineer, from a Tibetan point of view equi-valent to the Latin paganus and agrestis as

opp. to urbanus, therefore = peasant, pooruncivilized person. ri-prdn a little hill

or mountain. ri-bo = ri, v. above. ri-

bor-pa Tar., Cs.: ri-^or-pa;=

ri-Krod-pa,

ri-bor-gyi gron mountain village Tar. ri-

brdg, brdg-ri rocky mountain. ri-J)6g

spur. ri-sbug mountain cavern. ri-rtsd

foot, ri-rtse top of a mountain, nyi-ma ri-

rfse-lapog-na when the rising sun illumines

the mountain tops. ri-rfse-kan Cs. n. of

a mischievousspirit. ri-rdzon mountain

fortress, fort. -- ri-rdb the centre of the

world and king of the mountains, the fa-

bulous Sumeru or Meru, also ri-rab-lhun-

po, ri-rgydl., ri-bo-mcog-rdb Mil. ri-lun

mountain and valley. ri-yseb Sch. = ri-

Krod. ri-sribs the side not exposed to the

sun, shady side, north-side of the mountains.

^"ZTT ri-gu young goat, kid W.NO

^*zff ri-rgyd Sch.: foxes or fox-skins (?).

'

ri-dwags animals of chase, game.

ri-ba W. *ri-be* to be worth, gen. as

adj. worth, *lug di nul cig ri-ce yin*

this sheep is worth one rupee W.;diiul brgya

ri-bai rta a horse worth one hundred rupees

Cs.. cf. rin and rib; ri-bai rin-fdn the full

price Sch.

^gfr- n'-6oVihare, ri-bon-moCs. female hare;

it lives in Ld., but not in the smaller

valleys, e.g. not in Lahoul; ri-bon-gi rwa

the horn of a hare, a nonentity, a thing not

existing, cf. mo-sdm-gyi bu.

ri-mo 1. figure, picture, painting, draw-

ing, lha-Mn-gi Glr.\ ri-mo-mKan

painter; ri-mo-can, ri-mo-ldan marked with

figures ; ri-morbyed-pa to represent by means

of figures and colours, to paint Do.\ mark-

ings (streaks, speckles etc.) sai markings of

a (tiger's) skin Tar.;

ri-fcrd having stripes

of various colours, spotted, speckled; ri-mo

also draught, plan, design, and fig. pattern,

rule of conduct, law written into the heart.

- 2. = rim-gro reverence, veneration, Ti-

mor byed-pa to honour, to venerate Stg.

ri-lu col., but also Tar. 63, for ril-bu.

ri-s,

= dran-sron q. v.

^VT ri-so n. of a medicinal herb Med.

xcn* r/iy in Ld. col. and provinc. for zig:'

*man-na rig* or*nyun-nu rig ton* give

much! give little!

rig-pa I. vb., 1. to know, to under-

stand,=

scs-pa with the termin. of

a sbst. : to know (a person etc.) as, with

the termin. of the inf.: to know that, to per-

ceive, observe, Kros-par rig-nas perceiving

that he became angry Dzl.\ pd-la rig-par

gyis let your father know it, inform your

father of it Tar.; zlog-tn rig-par byed (it

52G~. ri

lTq.; ri-(aii-m{mm.-.u at the foot of themountains or hills Ned.; "';T-gall-pa onelil·iDjl; in close vicinity to a mountain,lV.;gd/is-ri un ice-mountrlin, snowy mountain,glacier, 1l(i~~ri or U';-/'l' l\ hill CQ\'cred withwood, brag-ri a rocky mountain, fyd.,'i amountain or bill consisting of slMe-stoneor schist; .po,i-e; a hill co\-ered with grllSs._ 2. brim of Il hat or CClpj side.leather, side­piece ofa shoe. - 3. s)"mb. num.: 7. - 4.Dum. 6gure: 55. - 5. v. ".i-mo.

Compo and deriy. ri-skid v. rked-po. ­ri'8lrytgS Sty., \', skyt!fl•. - ri-frOd chain ofmouDtains,assemblage of bills or mountains,esp. as abode of hermits who, on that ac­count, are called ri-l'rOd-paj also directly_ wj6n-pa hermibge. - ri-mg6 mountaintop. - ri-rg,ydl, n'j "'Y./fdl-po a very highmountain, e.g. 'Jiss Mil., Gandharii SM.,esp. "" ri -rdb, q.\'. - ri - ryyud c1lain ofmountains, ridge of hills. - ri-i:an mouu­tainou~ hilly. - ri-&n, ri-bo-ce a greatmountain. - ri-nyin tlie sunny side, thesoutherD slope of a mountain. - n-Nlyilfall of n. mountain, land-slip &h. - ri-3tll,iv. ston-pa. - ri-Iieu (or rdeu) C'uli Seh., -ri­bOg, ri-de-Ug~ W., a mountain spnr abound­ing in slones, - -ri-dtkr lV. (perh. to bespelled ri-I.'r&.l) a hermi~ (Ih'ing) in themountains. - ri-rna mountain spur. - li­pa au inhabitant of the mountains, moun­taineer, from It Tibetan I)oin~ of view equi­,'alent to the Jjatin pagallus and agrntis l\.S

opp. t.o urba1lus, therefore = l,easant, poornneivilized person. - ri-jil'un a little hillor mountaiu. - Ti-bo = 1'i, \'. abo\'e. - ri­bdr-l)a Tar., Cs.: 1'i-~or-pa; = l'i-/JrOd'1)(l,''1'-bdr-gyi yroJi mouotaill \'illage 'l'm'. - ri­brdg, brdg." rocky mountain. - ri-JJ6gspur. - li-sbug mountain caNero. -,'i-l't3dfoot, ,i-riU top of n mountain, ny{-ma ri­l'f8i-14pog-1Ia when the rising sun illuminesthe mountain tops. - rw-t8i-kan U. n. ofa mischievous spirit. - ri-rdzo,i mountuinfortress, fort. - ri-rdb the centre of theworld and king of tlle mountllins, the fa­bulous Sumeru or Mem, also ri-rab-lMn­ptI, "i-1'f}ydl, ri-bo-meog_rdp ¥iJ.. '"'0 Tj-lli1

mountain nnd \·alley. - n"rMb &1•. - ri­1frQd. - ri-srib3 the sidA not exposed to the8un, shadyside, nortiJ-sideof the lnounmlns.

~'tl']' 1'i-rJU young goat, kid lV.~

~.~. ri-rgyd &11.: fOMS 01' fox-skins(?).

~·1z::tr.~· ri-d/Ca.Y3 animllis of chase, game.

~..::r rl-ba 11': -ri-i:e- to be worth, geu. asadj. warth, -lug di }iul cig ri-i:e yi,,­

this she<!1' iswortJI one rupee 11'.; dJiullJrg!Jari-ba.i rfa a horse worth one hundred rupeesCs.. cr. n"n and 1";6; ,of-bai rln-(dii the fullprice SclJ.~.~. n'-bQJi hare, I'i~dti-mow. female hare;...., it lives ill IA., but not ill the slllll.ller\'lIlIeys, e.g. not in Lahoul; ,,'-lxhi-gi "!l'athe 110m of 11 hare, 0. nonentity, a thing notexisting, cr. fluNdm-gyi bu.~'~ ri-1110 1. figure, picture, painting, draw·

ing, lha-ltdil-gi Gil'.; ri-mo-mlfanpainter; ri-mIJ-ca1l, rl-Ujo-ldan marked withfigures; ri-morbyM-pa toreprescntby meanSof figures nnd colours, to paint Do.; mark·ings (streaks, sllcekles etc.) sai markings ofa (tiger's) skin 'l'«r,; ri-Kru having stripesof various colours, spotted, speckled; ri-moalso draught, plan, design, and fig. pattern,rule of conduct, law written into the heart.- 2, ... rlm-gro rC\'erencc, veneration, Ti­mor 0JCd-pa to honour, to venerat.e Stg.

~.~, ri-l!t col., but also Ta.r. 63, for ,'il-lnt.

~.5'l.... r. d· , ...... .., rl-8/, .I'll, - /'(1)1-3/'''11. q.v,

~.4'f ri-.10 n, of a medicinal herb Mtd.

~l:l'f !'IfJ ill Ld. col. and pro\·inc. for z,ig:-ma,;-tia T'lfJ~ or-nyuJi-Jiu"9 toti-gl\'e

much! give little!~=l']':r fofg-pa 1 vb., I. to know, to under·

stand, _ 313-pa with the wrmiu. ofa sbst: to know (n. person etc.) as, witlithe tcrmin. of the inf.: to know tllllt, to per·ceive, observe, l'r0s-par "lg_n(18 perceivillgthat he becnme angry D::l.; lJa-la rlg"1)ar[JYis let your father know it, inform yourw.thC!.. of it Tm·.; zldg_f"-rffj_par 6yed (it

527

or ho) trarlir> how to avert, prevent etc.

_' \ .

*<jri<i-pa.

II. -I. -i. 1. knowing, knowledge; prudence,

talents, natural gifts (llr.:r/'</-/><>

</(/,< l,l<'m-

l>titalented, rich in knowledge, learned />:/.;

rigp-pa^or-^newinformations, disrlosmvs,

knowledge; news. I6g-gi rig-pa l>^ires-na if

one compares the absurd news Tar. 174,

*>/,/. : nt<i-rtg-pa l. sbst. ^rfa3JT ignorance,

mostly used in the specific Buddhist sense,

viz. for the innate principal and fundamental

error of considering perishable things as per-

manent and of looking upon the external

world as one really existing, with Bud-

dhists in a certain manner the original sin,

from which every evil is proceeding, v.

Kopp. I, 163 (but cf. yti-mug). 2. adj. void of

reason, unreasonable, irrational, dud- groma-

rig-pa Mil 2. science, learning, literature,

ndn-gi rig-pa the orthodox or sacred litera-

ture, pyii riff-pa the heterodox or profaneliterature 6s., fun-mon-gi rig-pa literature

or science common to both religions (Bud-dhists and Brahmans) 6s.; rig-pai ynas and

I'lij-pa any single science (philosophy, me-

dicine etc.) v. rig-ynds ', rig-pai rol-fso or

r!<i-pai ynas fams-cdd Cs. circle of science,

encyclopedia. 3. soul (prob. only in later

literature), rig-pa lus dan brdl-ba the soul

separated from the body, rten dan brdl-ba

the soul separated from her hold or from

her abode Thgr. ;often opp. to bem Mil.

Comp. t'ig-mKan, rig(-pa)-po 6s., Sch.

a knowing person, a learned man. rig*

rgyud character Mil. -rig -snags a spell,

charm, magic formula, rig-snags-mKan a per-son skilled in charms. rig-ynds a science,

one of the sciences; rig-ynds cd-ba Ina the

five great sciences or classes of science, frq.;

these are : sgrd-rig-pa science of language,

ytan-fsigs-rig-pa dialectics, yso-ba-rig-pa

medicine, bzo-rig-pa science of mechanical

arts, nan-d6n-riq-pa religious philosophy;of less consequence are: rig-ynds cun-ba

Ina the five minor sciences; and the rig-

ynds or rig-pabco-brgyad(n\so ; tsug-lag?j!j),

which need not be particularly enumerated,

though they are often mentioned mtheZI:/.;

they are named by f '*. and Sr/i. ri,/-[)a)-

po v. rig-mKan.--

rig-byt'd 1. conveyingl< in \\lfdgo, instructive, prob. also learned,

I'HIriij-liiii'il 'jlii-niKan ma yin-te I am no

schooled, accomplished, singer Mil. '2. in-

struction, a book conveying knowledge, a

scientific work, bzoi rig-byed a technological

work Gli'. 3. %^ Veda, the (four) sacred

\\ritings of ancieirt Brahmanism, hence 4.

as symb. num.: 4. --rig -ma, %^rrpjf.

Veda-mother, Gayatri, a certain metre, verse

and hymn of the Rigveda, personified as

a deity Mil. rig- dzin, from rig~pa Qdzin-

pa to comprehend a science with ease, to

be of quick parts Dzl.,as partic. : a man

of parts, a clever fellow; but usually rig-Qdzin

(like rig- ca/i, of rarer occurrence), Ssk.

fa^TOT" denotes a kind of spirits to whoma high degree of wisdom is attributed, like

the Dakinis. rig-ses the faculty of reason

Tar. 90, 2, Schf.

^sn'^zjr 'nff-nff* miff rig-rig byed-pa or dug-'

pa to look about, esp. in an anxious

manner, shyly Tar., Mil.

rigs 1. family, lineage, extraction, birth,

descent, rigs-rus lineage and family

Gli'., mai rigs-su nye-ba or ytogs-pa a re-

lation by the mother's side Dzl.', emph. :

noble birth or extraction: rigs-kyi bu or bu-

mo noble or honoured sir! honoured madam!a respectful address, which is also more ge-

nerally applied; thus in Thgr. it is the reg-

ular way of addressing the soul of a de-

ceased person; mi-rigs 1. the human race,

mankind 6s. 2. nation, tribe Glr. sde-rigs

tribe ( s. 3. rarely= sex, mo-rigs female sex

Wdn. 2. in a special sense: caste, class

in society, rank. In Tibet five ranks are

usually distinguished, viz.: ryydl-Hgt royal

state, royalty, brdm-ze-rigs caste of priests

(Brahman caste), rjc-rigs nobility, aristo-

cracy, dmdns-rigs the citizens, ydol-pai rigs

the common people. When speaking of India,

the appellations of these classes are applied

to the castes of Brahmanism, although they

do not correspond to each other in every

respect. 3. kind, sort, species, ii

ysumyod there arethree sorts of wheat,

or hc) tell(:lles how to Meri, prevent etc.-, '•. v. sg"/!!-pa.II. sllst. L knowing. knowledge; prudence,

talents, natural gilts Glr.; 1'ig-}1(I (/1/1; Mri.I/~

pi' talented, rich in knowledge, learned D:l,;I'I!J-P« )'$I.lI·-ba new iII fOl'lliations, disclosure»,knowledge; news, Idy-yi 11!J-pa bsgdNla ifon~ compnres the nbsurd news '1'a,.. 174,Scllj'.; 1II«-/i911« I. sbst.~ ignorance,nl(lstly used ill the "peci.lic Buddhist sense,\iz. for the innnte principnlllnd fundamentalerrorof consideriligperislmlllethillgs :IS per­lIl:111ent and of looking upon the externalworld as one renlly existing, with Dud~

Ilhi"ts in n eert.'\in mnnllCl' the original sin,fl'om which e\'ery evil is pro('eeding, v,Kopp. 1,163 (but cf.rti-'/IIlY). 2, ndj. void ofrenson, unreasonable, irrational, dud·<!Iro1IIa­1'i.II-pa Mil. - 2. science, learning, literature,u(ili-gi "i!J-p« the ol,tbndox or sncrcd litera_ture, pyii rJirpa tbe heterodox or "rofuneliterature C3., (Im-lIloli-gi riy-pa litern.tureor science common to both religions (Bud­dhists ond Dl'nhmaDs) (.S.; rig-pai fll/1.3 nlldriy·pa nuy ~ingle science (philosoph,-, me­dicine etc.) Y. riY-)7lth; riy-pai rol-fso orriY-pal' yM3 (al1u·Md C3. circle of science,encyclopedia. - 3. soul (prob. oilly ill Interliterature), riy-pa 1113 dati {m/l-ba the soulseparated from the body, ,·ten dali bro.l-batile soul selmrnted from her hold or fromher Rbode '1'/lgl',; often opp. to Imll Mil,

Camp. I'ig-'lliflan, rig(-pa)-po n., Sch_1\ knowing person, II learMd man, - 7·iy.I'f/!Jtld character .Mil. - rig-sli{igs a spell,charm, magic formula, 1'iy-S1wgNllltan a per­son ~killed in dll\rnlS_ - lig-)'1ul8 n science,ODe of the sciences; l'ig-yno.8 U-ba Ilia thefil-e grcot~cienres or c1n.sscs ofscience, fl'q.;chese nrc: 3fJrti-riy-pa scieu('c of language,yl/I1l-(3ig8-liy-pa dialectics, Y8&-ba-rig-paIlledicine, b:Q.-l'ifrpa sciellce of meehaniclt.lam, llali-doll-ri1-pa religious philosopLy;of less consequence nrc: rig-filth cliti-baliia tbe five minor l>cicnces; and the lig_f1lli3 or 1'I'y-pa beo-bl'fJ!Iad(aIso, ulIly-lag)!..),which need Dvt be particulnrl)' enumerated,though tile}' lire oftcu melltioned ill,t)lcD.lI,j

they lire mUllcd by ('.lInd &11. - rig{-pa)­po '-. riy-mllan, _ ";g-b,yl:d I. convoyingkno\\ledge. instructive, prob. alsll leMrned,lia riy-bghl !Jbi-mA'ali 111a yi,He 1 :un noschooled, accoDlrli,~hed, liillger ..l/i1. 2. in·struction, 1\ book con\'e)'ing knowledge, IL

scicntific 1\'01'11., b:<Jt rJ-g-b!Jhln technologicnlwork GIl'. 3.~ Veda, the (four) sneredI\'ritillg:J of allcielrt Uro.hnillnitilll, heDcc 1.

1I~ symb, num.:4, -lig-ma, ~~,\'edn-mother, G/iyatl", aeertoin metre, \'ersennd hymn of the Higvedn, persolli.lietl nsn deity JVil. - 1'19-od::lIl, from 1';g-pa od::in­pa to comprehend II science with ease, to

be of quick IJarl..s D::l., as jJartic.: a manof parts, a clever fellow; but uSllally liy-~d:in

(like riY-ocali, of rorcr occurrence), &k.mN" denotes a killd of spirits to whoma high degree of wisdom i:J attributed, likethe D:ikinis. - ,.iY~,}3 tll(I fltculty of reasonTal'. 90,2, Schf.~::rr~l:l1' lig-";y, m;y ,'iy-rigbyM.-pa or dug-"'" '1"""1 1 k L . ,va to 00 DU-HUt, esp. III ltn anxIousmanner, shyly Tar" Mil.~9'~' lig31.family,lineage, extraction, birth.

descent, rifj3-r1t3 linellge and familyGir., mai rigHU n~-ba or ytdys.pa a. re­lation by the motLer's side D:l.; emph.:noble birth or extrllction: ,·iys-l..'!Ji {m or bU­1/10 nohle or honoured sir! honoured mndllm!n respeetfuladdrcss, whic11 i" also lilore ge­nemlly applied; tblls in TI,!!,'. it is the reg­ulal' way of nddressillg tbe soul of n de­censed person; mi-liy3 L tile ImlURII rt\Ce,mankind C3. 2, nation, tribe Glr.; fde.,ig3tribe G" 3. rarely _ sex, mO-1igs ferunle sex

W,lii. - 2_ in II special sense: casie, classin society, rank. In Tibet five mnks lifeusually distinguished. viz.; l'!Jydl"';fjf roplstate, t()'a1ty, brtim-:e-rigs cnste of priests(Bnlbmnu cftste), r)c.riys noLility, aristo­cmcy, dmdits-,,'Y3 tile citizens., rdOl-pai /'193theeoUllDon poople. WIleD speakingoflndia,the appellations of tllese cl:ts"es "re appliedto the castes of Unlhmlluism, although theydo not correSIJontl to eo.cb otllcr io eyer)'re~IJcct. - 3. kind, sort. species, groi rig,)'fJt/ol~I1~I'OIU"ethreesorts(If wheat, J..'dd_

528

rigs

rigs gos-rigs mi- drd-ba different languages

and costumes; ci-rigs of every sort, ci-rigs-

su in every possible manner, e g. cos ston-

pa to teach religion; nyin-moi rigs-kyis or

rigs-la by the day, by days, daily Glr.; rigs

is also used for some, certain, ndd-rigs-la

mi Odzem-na if one is not on his guard against

certain diseases; sometimes pleon.: ydn-lag

rigs bzi the four limbs, uiz. hands and feet

Glr.; rgyal-cen rigs bzi the four great spirit-

kings Thgy., rigs ysum mgon-po the three

tutelar saints (spyan-ras-yzigs, pyag-rdor,

Ojam-dbydns) Glr.; sans-rgyds rigs Inai zin-

Kams Thgr. rigs-pa vb. to have the way,

manner, custom, quality of, mgo pyir Jbyun-

bai rigs-so the upper end (of a stick, part

of which is in the water) has the way of

sticking out, i.e. sticks out;often to be trans-

lated: must necessarily (according to the

laws of nature or to circumstances) ;as partic.

or adj.: necessary, also proper, suitable, right,

suited to its purpose, in the earlier literature

gen. with the genit. of the infin., sometimes

with the terrain, of the infin., in later times

with the root of the verb; thus : fos-nas Iddn-

bai rigs-so you must get up as soon as youhear . . . Dzl. ; da ri zig sndn-bai rigs nowa mountain must appear Dzl.', bzdg-pai rigs-

sam would it not be expedient to appoint. . .?

Dzl.', rigs-kyi dus-la bdb-bo it is just the

right time Dzl.', mi smrd-bai mi rigs-so it

is not right to be silent Dzl.; smdd-par mi

rigs-so it is not right to abuse Glr.', ^.on-rigs

Odug-pas because (he) might possibly come

Mil. nt.; drdn-pa mi zin rigs-la if he should

perhaps notretain the recollection of, if there

should be any danger of his not remem-

bering Thgr.', nan-son-duOgro-bai rigs-la as

there is a possibility of going to hell Thgr. ;

ydul-bai rigs -pa those fit for conversion

Dzl.; lhar skye-ba ni rigs-pa ma lags his

being re -born as a deity is not befitting,

or also : not possible, not probable Dzl.;mi-

rigs-pa wrong, not right, unbecoming, im-

proper etc., mostly as adv. : mi-rigs-par byed-

pa to act wrong, to do badly, frq. rigs-

kyi rjes-Jbrdn Was. (274) v. sub Inn.

Comp. rigs-brgyiid race, lineage, extrac-

tion, family Cs., rigs-brgyud-Qdzin male issue,

rigs-brgyud Opel-bar Ogyur-ba the rising of

a numerous progeny Dom. --rigs-nan 1.

low birth or extraction, *Kyod mi rig-ndn-

pa dan nydm-po de-ce man* you must not

mingle with people of low extraction, with

common people W.; rigs-nan dpon-du sko-

ba to raise a child of low extraction to the

royal dignity Glr. 2. hangman Dzl. (cf. ydol-

pa). rigs-can^ rigs-lddn of noble birth.

rigs-mnydm-pa, mfun-pa, Odrd-ba

of the same rank etc., of the same species.

rigs-nydms degenerated, rigs-nydms dge-

sloii a monk disgracing his profession Pth.

rigs-med = rigs-nan no. 1 .

rigs-pa 1 . v. rigs. 2. often erron.

for rig-pa. 3. adj. si rigs : rgydl-

rigs-pa belonging to the reigning family or

caste; ci-rigs-pai sgo-nas in every possible

manner Mil.; ci-rigs-par snydn-pai fsig-gis

with ever so many kind words Dzl.', also:

in any way, any how, to a certain degreeor extent, in part, partly Tar. 4, 3 etc.

4. sbst., translation of tTRT logic, dialectics

Trigl. 15; an infallible, not deceptive idea

Was. (297).- rin-ne-ba continual (?), daily (?) ka-

fsd rin-he-ba Mil. nt. every daywarm meals.

rin-ba I. adj ,also riii-po 6'., 5., *rin-

mo* W. 1. long, high, tall, relating to

space; rin-mo*Kur* W. carry it lengthwise;it also implies distance, in which case fag-

rin (q. v.) is the more precise form; da-dun

yul-las rin-ste as he is still at a great dis-

tance from the place Dzl.;more frq. with

dan: ynas Odi gron-/cyer dan rin-bas because

this place is far from the town Dzl.;mi rin-

ba-na at no great distance. 2. long, with

respect to time, fse rin-ba sbst. a long life,

adj. long-lived, rgydl-ba dan fse rin-bar soy

cig may he be victorious and live long! Dzl.',

yun rin-po (or mo) along time; yunrin-

po-nas from a long time, a long time since,

rin-por ma Ion-par, less accurately: rin-po

malon-par soon afterwards,relating to things

past, rin-por mi fogs-par id. with respect to

the future,= after a little while, in a short

rifP gtJ8..rig. mi·odrQ.-.ba different languagesand costumes; H·rig. of c,'ery sort, cj.ritp.3U in every possible mallner, e g. &s ,<<In­pa to teach religion; ll1/(n-moi ,ifP-J.:yi$ orrigs-w. by the dny, by days, daily Glr.; rigsis also used for some, certain, nad-rigs-Lami o/bhn-na if ollcislIot OD bisgunrd againstcertain diseases; sometilDes pleon.: ydn-lugrigs /);i the four limbs, lliz. hands and feetGlr.; 1'9yal·~tn ri!l' bH the {our grellt spirit­kings 'l'ngy., rifl8 )'5U1II mg6n-po the threetutelar saints ('P!Jon·ras-rzigs, rJ.'1«fl-rdlJr,.,jam-dbyd,i,) Glr.; ,a,is-rgyas rig' lita; zili­flumtJ Thgr. - "[p'pa vb. to have the way.manner, custom, qUality of, mgo pyir .blfllJi­bai ,igNO the upper end (of n stick, pllrtof which is in the wnter) hIlS the way ofsticking ont, i.e. sticks out; oftell to betrnns­lated: must necessarily (according to thelaws of nl'ltureortociI'CUlDstances); aspartic.or adj.: necessary, also proper, suitable, right,suited to its purpose, in the earlier litexaturegen. with the genit. of the infin., sometimeswith the termin. of the inlin., in later timeswith the root of the verh; thus: fQs-n(.l~ldtili­ba; rigs-i/O you must get up as soon as youheur. .. Dzl.; da ri Zig md4-bai rigs nowl\ mountain must appear Dzl.; bztig-pairlgs­sam would iL not be expedient to appoint... '1DzI.; rifP-hJi dils..w. btib-bo it is jUf>t theright time Dzl.; mi ~mrd-baimi rigS-llo iLis not right to be silene, Dzl.; smad-par mirigS-I;{) itis not right to abuse Glr.; ~d,j-rigs

odUg-JkU because (he) miglLL possibly comeMil. nt.; drli.n-pami;;in rigs-la if he shouldperhaps not retain the recollection of, if thereshould be any danger of his uot rcmem­bering Thgr.; lian~oli-du ogrd-bai rigt-Ia asthere is a possibility of going to hell Tllgr.;rdul-bai rigs- pa those fit for conversionDzl.; Mar skye-ba ni rtf/f'pa ma wgs hisbeing re-born as a deity is not befitting,or also: not possible, not pro~bleDd.;mi­rig~a wrong, not right, un~~ming, im­proper etc., most.ly as adv.: mi4'(!p-parbyM­pa to llCt wrong, to do badly, frq. - rigs­kyi rj6s-obr,iti tva!. (214) v. sub lUli.

Compo t-igs-brglJUd race, lineage, oxtJ.·u-

tion, family Ca., rigs-bl'fl'jUd·odzi1l male Issue,rigs-brg!fl,d oiMl-har 09yur-ba the rising ofn numerous progeny Dom. - "$&-"U1I l.

loll' birth or e.J:traction, olJ!Jod mi rig-"dn­po dati nyam-po ~'J.<e mano you must notmingle with people of low extrnctiou, withcommon people W; 1'IgNitin dpdn--du s.M­ba to raise n child of low extraction w thero}'nl dignity GIl'. 2. hangman D::l. (ef. rdol­pa). - ri!p~can, rlgs-Mtin of DollIe birth.- rigs - mnydm ·pa, mfun - pa, odrd - baof the same runk etc., of the ffiIDe spoeie'S.- rigs-nyatm degenerated, Tlgs-nyams dge­sld~ a monk disgrucing his profession Pth.- rigs-med _ f'i<J8-tidn no. t.

£::~~"r '''{!p-pa I. v. rigs. - 2. often erron.for rlg-pa. - 3. adj. of rigs: rgydl­

r(fJf-pa belonging to ~he reigning family orcaste; M-rigs-pai sgd-fl113 in every possiblemanner Mil.; ,'i-rigs-par 1I1llJan-pai ffig-guwith ever so many kind words Dzl.; also:in any way, allY how, to a cert.'\in dcgreeor extent, in part, partl}' Tar. 4, 3 etc. ­4. sbst., translation of..-r", logic, dialecticsTrlgl. 1~; Dll infallible, not decepti\'e idanWI13. (297).~'2:'::r rlii-i1Hm continua/(?), daily(?) ita­

!sd rin-,i,- ba Alil. nt. ewry daywarm meals.£::C::'z::r rili-ba 1. adj , also rhi-po C., R., °tili_

mo" W: 1. long, high, tall, relnting tospace; ri,j-mo ""UI;fI W carry it lengthwise;it also implies distance, in which case fag­ri,i (q. v.) is tbe more precise form; da-dilliyid-ws rili·sfe as he is still at a grl.'ut dis­tance from the place Du.; more frq. withda,i; rnas "di groli~1fyerdalj rbl-h113 ueeausetllis place is far from the town Dd.; mi riti­ba-na at no great distance. - 2. long, withrespect to time, fse riti-ha sbst. a long life,adj. long-li\'ed, r!!ydl-ba da,i f86 n·ti..bar JogHg may he be victorious and live long! Dzl.;yun riti-po (or mo) a long time; yun rin_

•[KHI113 from a long time, a loug time since,riti-por rna 16n-par, less accurately: rbi-pomalQn-par soon aftcrwards,relating to thingspast, riJi-por rni fogs-par id. with respect tothe (utu,re, _ after a li~t1e_while, in a short

*

rib

time, frq. ;mi-rin-bar id. Tar.; dd-nas mi

riii-lntr not long after that Tar.; n/i ^ a

long time, rin ^ Ion-pa da/'i after a long

time/);:/.; r*/i ziy-tuadv. long, a long while,

for a long time, //// zig-tu ma ^oiis-pas as

lie (lid not come for a long time Dzl.;

////

:i<i-ini itt'trr or during a long time Glr.] ////-

A/, resp. sku-riii-la c.genit. during, at, nyin-

gyi riit-la in the day-time, during the day/V//., //// l>:ags rin (provinc. for n'/i?) Ofso-

.'</> or rgyags provisions for the time of his

stay Mil.; '<p. of kings etc.: under a king;

during the reign or life of a king, frq. ;de-

riii /?., 6'., *di-jriti* (more correct form, but

only in W.) to-day. 3. old, rin zig-na Sch.

long ago, long since, v. also rin-lugs.

II. length, distance etc., more definite

form, but of rare occurrence: rin-ba-nyid,di'-nas mi-riii-ba-nyid-na a very short time

afterwards Tar.

Comp. rin-Kydd length. *rih-tcib* W.

length, copiousness (of account). riti-fun

1. long and short. 2. length, relatively.

rin-gdg, also stod-gdg jacket or waistcoat

of a Lama, without sleeves.

rin-lugs Cs. : 'the sect or follow-

ers of a person', Sch. : 'old cus-

toms'; Glr. 92, 2(?).

rin-bsrel ('things which are to be

preserved for a long time'), \ncf,

relics of a Buddha or a saint, viz. small, hard

particles, ace. to Burnouf the remnants of

burnt bones.

riiis sometimes for rin.

rins-pa Swift, speedy, rIits-par rgyug-

paio run fast, to hasten, hurry; r Iits-

par yod I am in a hurry Mil.; *rih-pa ton*

W. be quick! make haste! riiis run though

you be in a hurry Mil.; rins-pai bsod-snyoms

alms, gifts of charity (requiring haste), ur-

gently requested, and out of the common

course, Bum. I, 269. 628 *za-rins, Ofun-

riiis*, waiting impatiently for one's meal,*^rul-riiis* for setting out W.

;rins-stabs-su

most speedily Mil.

rid-p<* 1. meager, emaciated Dzl. and

elsewh. 2. Sch. also : rare.

"

rid-pdn the Neosa pine-tree Kun.

rin 1 . price, value, rin ycod-pa to fix, to

determine the price Cs. (cf. tan\ rin

rtog-pa to ascertain the price, to estimate

the value 6s.; rin Jbtbs-pa to abate, to lessen

the price Cs.;rin Jbdb-pa, rin

Obn-ba to godown, to sink or fall in value Cs.; *rin team*

W., *rin gha-fso* C. how dear (is it) ? what

does it cost? rin-la mi cog Sch. to sell under

cost-price; rin-can dear, costly; rin-med

worthless, also: for nothing, gratis; rin-go/i,

rin-fdn, rin-fsdd Tar. %?%, 17 = rin\ rin-

cen-po, rin-po-ce v. the next article. 2.

for rih, v. rin-ba I, 2.

rn-po-ce,i . very dear, precious, valuable

;

usually: 2. sbst, -^ a precious thing, trea-

sure, jewel, precious stone, precious metal;

metal in general; Glr. 7, five jewels of the

gods are enumerated, sapphire, indragopaand other three, prob. fabulous, stones, and

five jewels as the property of mun: gold,.

silver, pearls, corals, lapis lazuli; in other

books other jewels are specified as such. In

the Buddha-legends frq. mention is madeof the rin-po-ce sna bdun, i.e. the extra-

ordinary treasures of a Tshakravartin king,

viz. the precious wheel (v. A:0r-fr>), the pre-cious elephant, the precious horse, the pre-cious jewel, the precious wife, the preciousminister and the precious general (or inst.

of him, the precious citizen) v. Gyatch. chap.III. Sometimes rin-po-cei may be under-

stoodliterally: consisting of jewels, of pre-

cious stones, at other times it is merely equi-valent to: valuable, precious; rin-po-

gliii Glr. seems frq. to signify a holy, happyland inhabited by gods 3. a title, used

not only in rgya-mfso rin-po-ce and pan-cen rin-po-ce (the honorary titles of the

high-priests of Lhasa and of Tashilunpo),but also a tide of every Lama of a higherclass.

rin-di W. (riii-dn Bun.} 1. lead.

2. musket-ball.

rib = ri-ba Sch. (Dzl. 97V, 8. 15, and

in Sch.'s dictionary): worth, costing,

34

time, frq.; mi-ri,i-bar id, Tar.; dl-nal "'irili-bar not long nfler that Tar,; "'·Ii zig along time, rili. !:jg MlI-pa dwi tlfter n longtilllcD.:L; rili. .tig_lludv, long. a long willie,lor a long time, ri'i Hg_ht ma ~OIil·pa3 tIS

be dill not C<lIDe for a long tilDe D:l.; rili!:t'g_'1a after or during n lo~ time Glr,; rbi_ia, resp. d:tl-/'iJi-la c. gcnit. during, at, nll(lI­gyi r;'i.[IJ in the day-time, during the dayl'tk, .Jir b::Ug3 rin (provinc. for riJi1) .fl#)­ca, or T'lJ!lag3 provisions for the tiule of hisstuy Mil.; e~p. of kill,tr-l etc.; under n king;during the reign or life of n king, frq.; dI­rili n., C., ·di-ri,jO (more correct forlll, butani)' in n~) to-day. - 3. old, rili ::ig-na &11.long IIog0, long since, v, nlso I'ili-lug'. _

II, length, distance etc., more definiteform, but of rore o('currence; rill-ba-n!Jid,(M-nas,"i-,·j/i-ba-n!lid-na n very short timeAftcrwarlls Tar.

Comp, rili_l.'ydd length. - ·,·ili-trib· lV.length. copiousn('ss (of account). - n·'i-fiuiI. long nnd short. 2.1engtl1, relatively. _rill-gag, also 'lod-gag jacket or wnistcon.tof n Lnmn, without sleeves.~I::::!?Ft'~ riil-lug, C,.: 'the sect or follow­

ers Ofll person', &11..; 'oldcus­tOIl1S'; Glr. 92, 2(?).

~..:::j'.:fJ~' ri/i-Im'il ('things which nre to bepresen'ed for a long time'),~,

reli~ of aBuddha or a sainI., viz, small, hurdparticles, acc. to Burnouf the remnants ofhlltDt hones.

~I:::.~- ri'i' sometimes for rUt.

~I:::.~f=r ,i!i8-paswift, speedy, rili'-par rg!l'ig"pato run fast., to hllstcn, hurry; ,i,j8­

par y<Jd 1 urn in a !lImy Mil.; ·,ili-pa toti·11'. lJe quick! mnke IUlste! ,i';8/'lui thoughyou be in a hurry Mil.; ,i,i3"']XJi ~n,'1O'n/.lalms, gifts of charity (requiring haste), ur­gently requested, Md out of the commoncourse, Burn. I, 269. 628 ·za - rili', .fll,j­,,'';'., waiting impntiently for one's menl,·o9',ll-.i,i8" for setting out 11'.; ,,'I;S-3taW-31tmost speedily Mil.

~~·.:.r r;d-l~ I, meager, emaci.aled D::l. andelse,\ h. - 2. &h. also. rare.

029~.::r rib

~~'.ql:::.. rid-pail the Neosa pine-troo Kun.

~di' rin I, price, value, rill ft'.dd-pa to fix, todetermine the price (a, (cf_ (U/i), rin

I'I6g-pa to tlSCertain the price, to estimll.lethe value C,.; 'in obtW-IJa to abate, to lessenthe Ilrice C,.; rin .bdb-pa, n'n obrl-ha to godown, to sink: or fllll in value (;.; ·rin filam·11':, ·,.,'n glj(~-{lfr G: how dear (is it)? wbl\tdoes it cost? rin-la 1IIi Cog Sr:I~ to sell undercost-price; rin-Call dear, costly; ,in-midworthless, also: for nothing, gratis; rin"fl6,i,rin-fd'i, rin-f,dd Tar. :P.<, 11 = rin; ril~

Un-pt:J, rin-po-le v. the next article. _ 2.for ri'i, v. rili-ha J, 2.

£:di'~'(?f) n'n-~ffl(-po), also rin-po- CI,I. very dear, precious, valuable;

usually: 2. shst, V'lf, a precious tiling, trea­sure, jewel, precious stone, precious metal;metal in general; GIl'. 7, five jewels of thegods nre enumerated, sapphire, indragopannd other three, prob. f:lhulous, stones, andfive jewels as the property of mlln; gold,.silver, petltls, coreUs, lapis la.zllli; in otherbooks other jewels are spe('ified lIS su('1. Inthe Buddhll.-Iegends frq. mention is m:w'eof the '1n-po-(I 8116 bdun, i.e. the exttll­ordinllr)' treasures of n. Tslmkro\'nrtin king,viz. the precious wheel (\'. olror-lo), the prc­cious elephntlt, tbe precious horse, the pre­cious jewel, the preciou,. wife, the preciou,minister and the preeious genernl (or inst.of him, the precious citizcn) ". GYlltcb. e1Ulp.Ill. Sometimcs I'in-po-i:ei WIl)' be under­stood litcrally: consisting of jewels, of pre­cious stones, at other times it is merely equi­mlent to: \-alua.ble, precious; rin- po_ ceiglill Glr, seems frq. to signify 1\ 11(1)', hllppylnnd inhabited hy gods. - 3. a titre, usednot only in rgya-l/IflSO "ill-po-« lind pmJ­(fen n·'~-po-cI (the honorary titles of thehigh-priests of Lhasa and of Tll.shilunpo),but also 11 title of ever)' Lftma of l\ highcrclass.~~.~.. "in-di w: (ri;,-dri BUll.) 1. lead.­

'1 2. musket-ball.~.:r ,·jb - ri-ba Sen.. (D:l. ')JV, 8. 15, and

ill S£h;.'8 dictiooary); worth, oosting,at

530

rib-ma ns

standing at; to the Tibetans asked by us the

word seemed to be unknown, and the MS.

of Kyelang has ri-ba in the above cited pas-

sage.*rib-ma* W., *dib-ma* C., fence,

hedge, enclosure to protect the fields

from cold winds, intruders etc.

*

rim-gri resp. forff

ltogs-ri* hunger W.

demons; *t'u-rim* W. dysentery, diarrhoea,

bloody flux;rims-sd the 'tooth' of an epi-

demy, i.e. its contagium, virulency.

C" ril-tin Ld. = sa-rdg.

rim-yro or rim- gro, resp. sku-

rim honour, homage, shown more

esp. to gods, saints, and priests, offerings and

other ceremonies (v. sub sku), rim-gros far-

bar Ogyur he will yet be cured by religious

ceremonies (if medical advise should prove

insufficient) S.g. ;dei rim-gro-la as a cere-

mony for him (the sick person) Mil.;zan-

zin-gi rim-gros by offerings in goods, cattle

etc.) Mil.; rim-Qgro cen-po byas he arrang-ed a great sacrificial festival Pth.

; rim-gro-

pa servant, waiting-man, valet de chambre.

^3TJ*r'im-pa ->

Ssk- sR*T, 1. series, succes-

sion, rim-(pa) bzin(-du} Dzl., rim-

par Glr., in a row or line, in rows, by turns,

successively, one after another, also = bydegrees, gradually; rim-gyis, rim-pas Dzl.

id.; rim-pas ddn-po mcog yin pyi-ma dman

v. sub dmdn-pa; byd-ba fob-rim bzin byed-

pa to do a business by turns, each takinga certain share of the work Glr. 2. the

place in a row or file, constituent part or

member of a series, dei mi-brgyud rim-paInas rgydl-sa bzun five members of his lin-

eage occupied the throne Glr., and in a still

more general sense : sgo rim - pa bdun a

sevenfold door Dzl.; rim-lddbs Sch. and

nyis-rim S.g. double; rim-ycig=

lan-ycigone time, once. 3. order, method, Ocdd-par

Ogyur-bai rim-pa Odis by this method which

will be explained immediately, Sbh.; rim-

bral disorderly, irregular Cs. rim ynyisv. skyed-rim.

(5X*\ rims(-nad) contagious disease,

epidemy, plague, nan -rims id.

.\rims yton-ba to send, to cause a plague,

as demons do Dzl.;dus ydon ynyis-kyis ma

skyedrims mi Jbyun plagues, epidemies, are

caused by nothing but the season or by

' vil-ba I. more frq. ril-po, ril-mo B.,

C.; *ril-ril* W. 1. round, globular, in

C. also cylindrical; srdn-ma ril-mo peas are

round Wdn.; *ril-ril* W. also sbst.: a round,

globular object, such as a cabbage-head, a

round lump of butter etc.;

ril-bai spyi-blugs

Glr., Sch.: 'a bottle, narrow in the middle,a gourd-bottle'. 2. whole, entire; wholly,

quite *Kon-ril* quite crippled, lamed (7.; *nay-ril-ril* W. very black, quite black

; rtdg-padan ril-por Odzin-pa to consider a thing

lasting and entire (not compounded) Thgy.;

ril-por na dbdn-na if it belongs to me en-

tirely Mil.; ril-po the whole, the entire thing

(opp. to a part), also in arithmetic Wdk.;

ril-poi Ihdg-ma the remainder of the whole

Wdk.', bubs-ril lus the whole body S.g.', ril-

gyis yyogs-pa entirely, completely, envelop-

ed, or wrapped up Sch.; ril-mid-pa Sch. :

'to swallow a thing entire'; de-dag daiiril-

gyis mci-am pyed dan mci-ba bka-stsol cig

tell me whether I am to come with all, or

only with one half (of them) Dzl. 9^S%, 5

(ace. to the manuscript of Kyelang); ril-bu,

col. *ril-lu*, small ball, globule, pill, ril-bur

bsc/ril-ba srdn-ma tsam formed into a pillof

the size of a pea Lt.; ril-ma globular dungof some animals, byi-bai ril mouse -dung

Mng. (where Piper longum is comparedwith it), gld-bai ril dung of the musk-deer;

lug-ril tirdles, sheep-pellets, sa-ril 1. dungof the argali Ld. 2. small meat-balls C. -

II. I.W.: *ril-ce* (for gril-ba) to fall.- 2.

Bal. *ril-cas* (for sgril-ba) to wrap up.

xxi- ?'is ! cognate to ri-mo and perh. to

Obri-ba : figure, form, design, pddma-risthe figure of a lotus-flower Glr., mig-man-ris-su bris-pa Glr. painted like a chess-

board; skya-ris the blank parts of a picture,

fson-ris the painted parts of a picture 6s.

2. Cs.: part, region, quarter, hence mfo-ris

heaven, v. mfo; dban-ris share of power or

of territory; mna-ris id and n. of a part of

standing: at; to the Tibetans IlSked by WI the demons; ~ru-l'im' w: dysentery, diarrhoea,word SCf'nlcd to be unknown, nod the MS. bloody flUX"; rims-3o the 'tootb' of aD epi­of Kyelang has ri-ba in the abO\'c cited pas- dewy, i.e. its contagium, \·irulency.

sage. ~~~l::" rit-tili Ld. - sa-rag_~~.~. 'rib-ma' Il~, '1ib-nw' G, fence,

hedge, enclosure t() protect the fields ~1lI":r ril·ha I. more frq. ril-po, Til-1M H,frolll cold winds, intruders etc. C.; 'm·ril' lV. 1. round, globular, in~ "" C. ulso cylindrical; min-ma "I[-mQ peas lire...,,;.j'I:l"I' rim-!Jri T1'lSp. for 'U6g8-ri' hunger W.

.;,j round Wdn.; ',-il-rif,- W: aillO sbs!.: a rOUDd,

~&r(~ rim-grQ or rlm-o!Iro, resp. 3!.,u-- globular object, such as a cal;lbaj.\'e.head, arim honour, homage, shown more round lump of bntter etc.; ril../.Jai 8p!Ji·blugs

esp. to gods, saints, nud priests, offerings and Gir" $ch.: 'a bottle, narrow in the middle,other ceremonies (v. sub sku), ,itrl-flroB (ar- a gourd-bottle'. - 2. whole, entire; wholly,bar ,,[Iyur be will )'ct be cured by religious quite ·R"oJi-rll"'quite crippled,lamed C.; ·na9­ceremonies (if medical adl'ise should prove n·l-ril'" lV. very black, quite bluck; ,tdg-pain~ufficient) 8.9.; dei rimllro-la as a. cere- daN ril-por odzin-pa to consider a lhingmony for h,im {the sick person) Mil.; za,j- lasting and entire (not compounded) Th9!].;zi,j-gi rim-fll'O$ by offerings iu goods, cattle ril-por ria dbd,j-na if it belongs to me en­etc.) Mil.; rim-ofll'O "len-po 0Jus he arrang- tirely Mil.; ril-po the whole, the en~ire thinged a great l;.'\crificia.1festival Pth.j rim-gro- (oPP' to 1\ part), also iu arithmetic lVdk.jpa servant, waiting-man, valet. de ehambre. ril-poi lhdg-ma the l'cmainder of the whole~~'!f rim-pa, &Ie. lti1l", I. series, succes· lVdk.j bub8-rfllus the whole body 8·9·j Til­. sion, rim-Cpa) bzin(-du) Dzl., -rim- g!lis r!lOgs-pa entirely, completely, envelop­par Glr., in a row or line, in rows, by turns, ed, or wrapped up Sch.; ril-mid-pu &h.:suce~ssively, one after another, also _ by 'to swallow a thiug: entire'; de-dug da,i ril­degrees, graduallYj n'm-gyis, rim-pfU Dzl. gyis mei·am hed dan m'(i·ba bka~wJIl:ig

id.; rim-p(JJJ da'i-po m&y !lin py[-1fW, dman tell me whether I am to come with aU, orv. sub dmdn-pa; byd-ba (ob-rlm b?:in byid- only with one half (of them) DzL 7~, 5pa to do a business by turns, each taking (ace. to the manu6criptofKyelan~);1iI-bu,a certain share of the work Glr. _ 2. the col. ·n1-lu·, small ball, globule, pill, ril-burplace in a row 9r file, constituent part or bs!p'il-ba srdn-11Ia f$am formed into a pill ofmember of a series, dei mi.brgyud 1im-pa. the size of a pea Lt.; rll-ma globular dunglnfl$ rgyaI-<$a bzwj five members of his lin- of some animals, byi-bai ril mouse-dung:enge occupied the throne Glr., and in a. still M/ig. (whtlre Piper longum is comparedmore general sense: sgo rim _pa bdun a with it), glri-bai n1 dUllg of the musk-deer;sevenfold door Dd.; rim _ Ulribs Sch. and Mf/-ril tirdles, sheep-pellets, ia-ril 1. dungnyi&-rim S.g. double; rim-rag _ lan.rCig of the argnli Ld. 2. small meat-balls C.­one time, once. - 3. order, method, "cdd-par II. 1. lV,: ·rll-l:" (for g,U-ba) to fall. - 2.,,[Iyu,-bai rim-pa odis b)' this method which Bal. *ril-cfU· (for sgriI-ba) to wrap up.will be n:plained immediately, SM.; rim- ~~. ris 1. cognate to ri-WiO and perh. tobral disorderly, irregular Cs. - rim myu obri-ba: figure, form, design, pddma-risv. sl'/pd-rim. the figure of a. lotus-flower GIr., ffl19...mali-t:~~(~~') rims(-nad) contagious disease, r'U-su bris_pa. Gir. painted like II. chess-

epidemy, plague, nan-rims id. bonrdj skya-ris the blank parts of n picture,Gir.; rims yto,j-6a to send, to cause a plague, fson-rli the painwd parts of a picture c". ­as demons do Dzl.; dU3 rOOn myis-kyiJl11la • 2. u.: part, region, quarter, henee mEo·mskyed rims mi obyuti plagues, epidemies, are heaven, v. mlOj dbati-ris share of power orcaused by nothing but the season or by of terril(lr)'; mna.-ris id and-no of a part of

*'

531

; /''yogs-fix party;< x. has also: ruii-ris

one's own party, fzun-ris another's party,

rix-(\tti partial, prejudiced, >-i*-ninl impartial,

indifferent, hence also hermit, because he

flight to feel indifferent to every thing.

B > '//.: V/.s-sw difference, ris-su cad -pa

equality'(??). --4. ris-yza symb. num. : 7,

derived from the number of the great pla-

nets together with sun and moon.

x- ru 1. horn, = rwa; rd-ru goat's horn,

liig-ru ram's horn. 2. parts of vessels

etc. resembling a horn, e.g. the handle of

a stew-pan Mil. nt.; *go-ru* C. door-post.

3. part, division, dmdg-gi of an army Stg.,

wing 6s.; of a country, dbu-ytsdh-ru-bzi

Mil.', yyds-ru the right side or wing, yydn-ru the left side or wing, yzu/i-ru the middle

part or centre 6s. 4. as num. figure : 85.

Comp. ru-ddr Wdk, Mil., ru-mfson Sch.

military ensign, banner, colours, O p'ydr-ba to

display, to hoist (a flag). ru-snd division

of an army Sch. ru-pa 'troops, advan-

ced posts of the enemy' Sch. ru-dponcommander of a regiment, colonel.

ru-hd hatred, grudge, malice, (of rare

occurrence) ;ru-ria-can spiteful, mali-

cious.

'jt-ru-rtd 6s.: 'a kind of spicy root'; in

Lh. Inula Helenium.

r -Brn- or 2qrr ru-fdg or ru-rdog C's. n. of a

i'

district in Tibet contiguousto Ladak; an extensive plain, east of lake

Parikon."

ru-pa v. ru.

'

ru-po ram W.

r'n' Qr x -cnr- ru-ba or re-yur a tent-co-

NJ vering made of yak's hair;

ru-ba-pa a person living in such a tent;

ru-bai fsogs a number of such tents, a tent-

village.

ru-ma curdled milk, used as a ferment

61

., ^6-mar ru-ma blug-Qdra as when

sweet and curdled milk are put together

S.g.; as to its effect, it may also stand for

leaven.

ru-fsdr fringes Ld. = Ka-fsdr.

ru-rakxa Med.;Cs. : a sort of berry.

ru-ru Stg.; Sch.: a kind 6f deer; a

species of fruit-trees.

ru-teb 'flat-horn', ace. to Sch. the

reindeer (sd-ba ru-leb the domesti-

cated, a,nd brog-(/iru-Mb the wild r.), more

prob. the elk, v. Ka-$a.

m<)-yt appearing (?), bin snum rug-

ge the field had a luxuriant appear-ance Mil. nt.

rug -pa 1. Cs. a kind of potato.-

2. IT. to collect, gather, pluck, v.

sgrug-pa.'

ru/t-Kan Cs.: bake-house, kitchen.

ba 1. vb. to be fit, calculated,

suitable, right, and adj.: fit etc., gen.with termin., rarely with the root of the

verb, fsig Odi jigs-su run this word is cal-

culated to terrify, is terrible DzL; btson-du

run it is salable, vendible ZteJ.; slob-dpdn-

du mi run he is not fit to be a teacher DzL;

yzdn-du mi run he is good for nothing else,

but also in the sense: he is too good for

anything else, nothing inferior can be offer-

ed to him Glr. ; grub run-du yod-pa one that

is able to perform it Tar.; mi myed mi run

it must be procured by all means DzL, mi

byar mi run it must be done DzL; nydl-dumi run it would not do to sleep DzL ; med

kyan run I (you etc.) can also do without

(him) Glr. ; dei fse ytdn-du run-nam mi run

would it not be as well to let him go once

more? DzL; ci-ltar yid-ces-su run how can

one believe you? DzL; *kon-c6g zun zcr mi

run* W. God cannot tell a lie; Odi yah run

this, too, is" correct, will do Gram.;fsab run

tsam it may perhaps be used instead Wdft.\

nd-la mds-pa ma byas kyah run-ste that they

do not show me any honour is not so great

a loss; but . . . Mil. ; Odis run-nam is that the

right thing? will that do? de-ltar run (W.

*cog*} well, let it be so! for aught I care!

2. several other phrases with run : a. lus

Odi ci run why should we care so much for

this our body? DzL; esp. cimaruii, pre-

ceded by na or (rarely) by yaii : why should

Tibet; l~!J09s-ri. party; C•. has also; ran·ri.one'. own plUty, r-all-lis aoother's party,riwan partial, pN!judiced, r~.m(d impartial,indifferent, hence Also hennit, because heought to feel indifferent to CVCIJ' thing. ­~. &h.: ·'';.-.u difference, riJ-.u cdd - paequnlity'(??). - •. m-rza .}'tub. nUIn.: 7,deri\'cd from the number of the grcill pla­nets togt!lher with sun and moon.~; t" J. horn, - rl(.·a; rd-"" goat's horn,

LUg-ru ram's horn. - 2. parts of vesselsct<:. fC!Semblillg n horn, e.g. the handle ofl\ stew-pall Mil.nl.; -g6--ru- C. door-post.­3. part, division, dlt/fig_gi of lin army Stg.,,,.illg c..; of a country, dbu-fUdli-I'U.-b~i

Mil.; ryaHu tbe right side or wing, r!;dn­ro the left side or wing, )'Zuti-ru tbe middlepnrt or centre W. - 4. as Dum. figure: 85.

Compo ru-ddl' Wdk, Mil., TU-1II(SOn &11.militnry ensign, banner, tolours, opydr-ba todisplny, to hoist (n Jbg). - 7'Il41ld di"is;onof an army Sdl. - ru-pa 'UOOIIS, advnn·ted posts of the enemy' Scli. - ",.dpjncommnnder of n regiment, colonel.~;t::: ",,"Ii" hatred, grudge, malice, (of rorc

occurrence); ru·,ia-tan spiterul, moli­cious....~. ru·rid C•. : 'a kind or spicy root'; in'<l} Ln. Inula lJelenium.

~'~::rr or ~. ru--fdg or rur-rddg C•. n. of l\

" i'l district in Tibet contiguousto Ll'Ldnk; an extensive plain, east of lakePwilwi.

~'=f' rli-pa v. ru.

~'q:' ril.-po ram lV.

~'.:::r or ~'::q'" rU_ba or re-gur n tent-co--....;-... vering wade of yak's h:..ir;

ro-ba-pa a person living in such ll. tent;ni·bai fwgs a numuer of such tent;;, a tent­village.~.~. rU-ma curdled milk, used as It ferment

C., ~d-ma" rli·ma blug-odra AS w!JenS\~eet nud curdled milk art' put toget!JerS.g.; as to its effect, it wny nl!>O stllnd forleaven.

~.~. nl-f~dr fringes IA. _I/a_fsdr.

5"

~·"rrJ· ''U-f'al:.a Mt<f.; £4.: Il SOI1. of berry.i+

,,'~' ru-I'"lt Stg.; SeA.: a kind of deer; Il'

'" species of fruit-treCll.~.~~. ru-Iib 'flnt.horn', ace. to Sen. the

"'i reindeer Od-ba ru-Mb the dome~ti­cated, and obrdg-fJi ru--Ub the wild r.), nl0reprob. the elk, v. Ila-Ja.~9'Q]' 1"Ug-gt appearing (?), Zi/i snurn rog­

~ the field had n luxuriant appear­ance Mil. nt.~tl'j'=f' rUg_pa 1. u. a kind of potato. -

2. lV. to collect, gather, pluck, ".sgrUg-pa.

~t:::Ft:: r6/j·,{'wi C•. : bake.house, kitchen.

~l:.'~' nili - ba 1. \·b. to be fi~ calculated,'" suitable, righ~ nnd l'Ldj.: fit eko, gcn.with !.ermin., rarely with the root of the"crb, fsif! oJi JigHU rU/i this word is cal­culated to terrify, is terrible Dzl.; bt4QIi-dll

run it is whble,. "cndible Dzl.; slcb-dpjn­du lIIi run he is not fit to be a tcucher D::l.;yzdn-du ml run he is good for nothing else,but I\lso in the sense: he is too good fornnything elsC', nothing infcrior CM be offer­ed to him Glr.; flI'Ub Tlhi-du ydd-pa one thatis able to perform it TOo,..; mi mytd nlj runit must be procured by all means D::l., mibyo.r mi ",Ii it must be~ dooe D::i.; nydl.dufill run it would no~ do to sleep D::l.; mMKyQ.1i rUJ; 1 (}·ou etc.) ClIO also do without(him) Glr.; dcj tfe ytd,i.du l'll,i-li(l/ll mi ru,iwould it not be AS well to let him go oncewore? D::I.; a-ltar yld-cerr-IU rllli how canone belie~e you? D::l.; °/oon_Cdg ::lIn zer 1IIi

rulio W. God cannot tell a lie; oJi 1/0.'; ,·w;this, too, i,; correct, will do Gl'am.; f,o,b rUJi(,am it may perhaps be used instead Wdti.;,id·la "uJ.I-pG rna by~ "yail. rthi-si, that theydo not show me AD)' honour is not 80 grelltn loss; but ... Mil.; odis ,'U';->iam is tlmt theright thing? will tbllt Jo? ck-ltar noi (w.0Cog") well, let it be so! for aught 1 care!_ 2. seHH'nl other phrases with ruli: a. II"odi i:i ru>i .....11y should we cilre so much forthis our body? D::l.; esp. ci ma "u", pre­c~ded by 1m Ql' (mrely) by !Ian: why should

532

rud rus-pa

not...? i.e. that! would that! Odibddg-gi

yin-na ci ma run would that this were mine !

Thgy. ;nai bu-mo min-na ci ma run I only

wish, she were not my daughter! would it

were not my daughter! Pth. b. run = yanafter a verbal root : de tsam zig bsdad run

though I have been sitting so long Mil.;

mi dgos run though it is not necessary MiL;

ses run mi ses-pa Itar byed-pa to plead ig-

norance although one knows the thing Mil.;

ci-la fug run whatever may happen to me,= at all events, at any rate; ciyin run what-

ever it may be Mil.; log yin run min run

whether it be an erroneous (opinion) or not

Mil.; si run yson run whether I live or die,

living or dead Pth.; gan yan run, ci yan

run whosoever he may be, whatsoever it

may be, frq.; sa cu gait yan run-ba-la on

earth, water or whatever it be Do. c. mi-

run-ba illicit, improper, unfit, v. above; mi-

run-bai yzi bcu ten illicit actions, differently

specified Tar. 33, 9, Kopp. I, 147, partly

moral offences, partly only infractions of

discipline; but ma-run-ba, ma -runs-pa \.

pernicious, dangerous, atrocious, as enemies,beasts of prey, malignant gods and spirits,

reckless destroyers etc. 2. spoiled, destroy-

ed, ruined, ma-run-bar byed-pa to destroy

etc., ma-run-bar ^gyur-ba to be destroyedetc. Dzl.

xr- rud a falling or fallen mass, as : Ka-rud'

snow-slip, avalanche, cu-rud deluge,

inundation, flood (by the rupture of an em-bankment and the like), sa-rud land-slide,

descent of a great mass of earth;rud-zam

a snow-bridge, formed by avalanches.

rrrx- rub - cu prop, n., a district in the^O ^ ,11-7-7

south ot La.

rq-q rub-pa to rush in upon, to attack, as-

sault, pyag zabs kun-nas rub -rub

)us-te rushing in upon him from every side

in order to touch his hands and feet Mil.;

bzdn-la rub -pa to pounce on the prey, to

fall upon the food Glr. ;

*do-rub tdn-te sdd-

ce* W. to kill with stones, to stone; *cog-

cig-la rub-pa* W. to press or crowd togethertowards one side

;Ka-rub byed-pa to out-

cry, to bear down by a louder crying Mil.;

*go-rub-rub Odug* C., "go-rub tan dug'' W.

they put their heads together; *srod rub son,

or mun-cu rub son* W. darkness draws on,

night is setting in, for which in C. *sa rub

son* Is said to be used, so that it might also

be translated by to darken, to obscure.

rub-so currant W.

xxr rum 1 . womb, uterus,= mnal, but less

frq.: rum mi bde-ba sensations of pain

during pregnancy Dzl., rum-du )ug-pa to

enter into the womb. - 2. darkness, ob-

scurity, mun-pai rum Glr., gen. smag-rum.

- 3. prop, n., Turkey, the Ottoman empire,

the site of which is but vaguely known to

the Tibetans, though some commodities from

thence find their way to Lhasa; rum-pa a

man from Turkey, a Turk; rum-sam(*L;;)

Syria Cs.

xorn* rul-ba to rot, to get rotten, to become

putrid, to turn rancid etc., rul-bar

Ogyur-ba B.}*rul cd-ce* W. id.

; ^o-ma rul

son the milk is spoiled, Ka rul the snow

does no longer bear, *be rul* W. drift-sand,

quicksand; rul-skyur 'sour by putrefaction'

Sch ; rul-dri a putrid smell; rul-po for

hrul-po Cs. Cf. Odrul-ba.

xxr rus 1., W. rus-pa, lineage, family, min

dan rus ni Odi-ltar-ro their name and

lineage are such and such Glr.; *na-ran-ahi

(or na-ran dhan) ru-cig-pa or -dd-wa*C.B.,

*rus-pa cig-cig* W. we are of the same fa-

mily; rus-ycig-pa ysod-pa a murderer of

persons related to him by blood Lex.;

fu-

mi rus Lea.: Thu-mi, a family-name; rus

mfd-ba high extraction, rus dmd-ba low

extraction Cs. 2. v. the next article.

rus-pa (resp. ydufi) 1. bone, rus-cdg

fracture of a bone Med.; rus-paidum-bu prob. small bones of which the Ti-

betan anatomy enumerates 360. mi-rus

human bone; rkdn-rus bone of the foot;

mgo-rus bone of the skull; rus-pai rgyanMil. a decoration of terrifying deities and

magicians, consisting of human bones sus-

pended from the girdle; rus-pai rgyan drug

Pth., the like ornament, but fastened to six

different parts of the body, the top of the

532

not •.• ? i.e. 0 that! would Ihal! od; bddg-giyiTl-fla ti ma nu; would that this were mine!TI'!IY.; riDi bW-mo miTl-fla ti ",a ruN I onlywish, she .....ere not my daughter I would itwere not my daugbter! POI. b. no; _ yanafter a verbal root: tU tMIm z-S blJad nui

though I ha"e been sitting 80 long Mil.;mi dgoc rwi though it is notn~1MiL;ill nul: 1fti M-pa ltar~ to plead ig­norance ahhough one kno",,'s the thing .Vi/.;ti-lo. (ug rwi whalaver may happen to me,_ at all et"eJIt!, at any rate; ti yin ruli: what­

ever it may be MiJ..; log yin rvli mi" ""iwhether it be ll..ll. erroneous (opinion) or notMiL; ii"£Ii~ ruli whether I lin~ or die,li"ing or dead PllI.; go.li yaic nllt, ti y(l1lnut. whosoever he may be, whatsoever itmay be, frq.; IQ h go.it yaIi nili-loa-la onearth, wiler or whate,·u it be Do. e. ",i­rWli-loa illicit, improper, unfit, v. abo,'e; mi­nili--loai.,zi bCu ten illicit Bctions, differentlyspecified Tar. 33, 9, KOpp. I, 147, partI}.moral offent.es, plrtly only infractions ofdiscipline; but ma-rlilf-bo, tna-nilil-pa l.

pemlcioLlS, dangerous, atrocious, as enemies,beasts of prey, malignant gods and spirits,re<:k1ei1S destroyers etc. 't. spoiled, demoy­ed, ruined, ma-ni/i-bar byld-pa 10 destroyetc., ma-rin-bar .,!JyVr-6a to be destroyedetc. D:;J.:5~' rud a f&!ling or fallen mass, (18: /{a-rlid

snow_slip, 3valancbe, "6l-rlid deluge,inundntion, flood (by the rUIJlure of lUI em­bankment and the like), I(J-I.."d land-slide,descent of ll. great mass of ellrth; rild-zama &low-bridge, formed by ll.\'!i1allches.

:5:r~' I'Uh - eli prop. II., Jl, district in tbeSOUUI of IA.

:5,:::r'f f'/ih-pa to rush in upon, to attack, as-sault, liya!/ zal!& kUIi-flCU l'Uh-nib

Jia-re rushing in IIpon hiw frOlll cI'ery sidein order to toucb his Imnds and fect Mil.;bzan-la rlih-pa to pounce on the prey, to

fall IIPOII thc food Glr.; -do-ruh Ui!'-(e,1id­U' lV. to .L:ill wilh St(,nes, to stone; -log­Cig-la ,.,ih·pa- 11'. to press or crowd togethertowlU"ds oue Bide; lia-ruh byM-pa to out­cry, to bear dllwn hy n. louder oryiog AII1.;

-.,go-ruiM-Uh odug* C., -~rt'Jh (an dug~ n~

they put their head.. together; -lrod"Ih .0.. ,

or mlin-eu ruh .son- W: dll.rklle5S drnv.s ou,night u settiug in, for \\·hich in C. -16 nthw/i- is said to be used, SO that it migbt alsobe translated by to darken, to obscure_

~:r4f ruh-Jd currant IV.

':;'e.l" ntlll I. womb, uterus, = mlial, bnt 1es8...., frq.: rum mi 6de-IJo. sensauons of painduring pregnancy D:L, ritm.du Jj,g-pa toeJItu into the womb. - 2. dartntss, Db·scurity, mlin-poi rum GIr., gen. ,mag-rum.- 3. prop. n., Tultey, the Ottoman e..pire,the site of which is but \'agilely kn~'D tothe Tibeu.ns, though some commoditieefrolJlthence find their ",...y to Lhasa; "''"-PO D

man from Turkey, a Turk; rvm-ia... (~)Syria. Ca..:;,q.::;r rj,l-6a 10 ro~ to get roUM, to become...., putrid, to tum rancid ek., ritl- bar"gyWr-6a B., -rul Cd-U- lV. id.; ../).1fI(I ndIOn tbe milk is spoiled, fa ntl the snowdoes no longer bear, -~ Mlr W. drift-sand,quicksand; rul-M.yilr 'sour b)' Ilutre&cuon'&/1 ; ritl- dri .. pntrid smell; nil- po forhrul-po l.i. - cr. odrvl-loa.:5~ TUI I., Iv. rw-pa, lineage,lamity, mili

dan TUI xi odi-ita,.-ro tlieir nlUDC nndlineage lU'esllch and sucbGlr.; -;,a4'aJi-yhi(or ria.,-wi dlt.ari) ry-Hg-pa or -4d-u:a-C.B.,-",sf" Cig-Cift W: we nre of the sallIe fa­mily; rus·rCig-pa /'IM-pa Ilo murderer ofpefllOllS rel:\led to him by Mood Lu.; (lL­

fII( nlS La.: TAu-mi, n fnmilY-ll.l\me; 1'IU

mfd-ba high u:tmction, 1'U5 dflld-ha lowextraction Q. - 2. v. the next article.

~~'.q' '!'Us-pa (resp. rduh) 1. bone, f'W/.M.gfracture of n. bone Med.; rus - pai

dum-bu prob. small bones of whicll lhe Ti­betan anatomy enUlDCl'utes 3GO. - 'ni..,·ushuman bone; ,.kdri-nu bone of tbe foot;mg6-rm bone of the s.L:ul1; ru.,.pui t'!J'jQll

Mil. a decoration of terrifying Jcitieli lludIllaf;icill.ns, consisting of ]IUillun bones 811~­

pended from the girdle; niI-pai rg!Jun drug1"tlt.., the like orlllUUent, but fllStened to sixdiffereD\ parts of the bod~fI top of the

re

head, the ears, the neck, the upper arm,

the wrists, and the feet; rus Ob<>l-ba men-

tioned as a morbid symptom Lt.f "2. the

stone of apricots and other stone-fruits 6'.,

W.; grape-stone Wdii. 3. energy, snyh'i-

/// Mil., gen. snyiit-rus q.v. 4. v. rus

Comp, rtis-krd/'i skeleton, *rus-tdit fsog-

se* W. he is nothing but skin and bones.

/V/.S-//M IA. bone-broth(P). rus-grog Sch.: a

dry bone('?). no-b&td Lt. ? rus-ndd

W. caries. - rus-bu 1. small bone. 2. bones

in general Dzl. rus-fsdd, rus-fsod Med.?

-rus- sin 1. Sch. firmness, perseverance,

repentance. 2. n. of a part of the body (?)

Ltx re 1. indefinite num. or pron., single, a

single one, some (persons), something;

one to each, one at a time, re-re or re every,

every one, every body, each, rdn-la bu re

med-na yid- pam-pa re ydn-gi Oduy, des-na

Kyed-la-aii bu re dgos despair comes from

having no son, therefore you, too, should

have a son Mil.; yud re for a moment, =yud tsam Thgr. ; Ian re Ian )nyis once or

twice Mil. i mi brgya re tsam zon cog-pa (a

horse) sufficiently (large) for being mounted

by about a hundred men Glr.;

lo re tsam

ma -yfogs with the exception of one year

about Git'.; ras-yos-rkydii re a single cotton

garment Mil.; cos-Jbrel re a small amount

of spiritual instruction Mil.] W.: *bal re*

some wool, *su-gu re* some paper (= zig),

*ku-su re* some apples; bi-u-la pur-pa re

ytdd-nas handing to each of the ten &pur-paI

'tit.] Idy-na ddn-tse re-re yod in each of

his hands there was a gold-coin Dzl.; nyin

re-la sems-can Kin re bsad Glr. he slaugh-

tered every day 10 000 living beings, ra

lha lita bsad five goats (every day) ;mi res

lug re bsad each man killed one sheep Glr.;

in a somewhat different sense: *lo re-ne lo

re cun-se yod* W. they grow smaller from

year to year; nyun re little at a time Glr.]

r<'-rc yiiyix-ynyis one and all, one with an-

other, indiscriminately Mil., re-re-bzin-gyi

mgo every single person's head Tar.] re zig

somebody, something; some (persons), a little;

(with or without dus) a little while, rezi<j

533

sdod wait a little! I>:l.\ re, zig i-ig-na after

a little while, Bhar. 87; once, one day, one

time, at a future time, also dus re zig-gi fse

I'f/i - 2. mutual, reciprocal (in this sense

it is perh. to be spelled res, though it is cer-

tainly cognate to re), dpon slob re J>an ObyunMil. there arises mutual discord between

teachers and disciples Mil.] different, differ-

ing? re-lta-bu 'of a different kind or na-

ture' Sch. 3. sbst. a. the wooden parts

of a door, re Hzi the four parts of a door-

frame, yd-re the head-piece, the lintel, ma-

re the sill or threshold (= yd-fem and md-

fem), *yd-re ma-re dal ton* W. pull it down

entirely! logs-re the side posts (C. sgo-ru).

b. v. re-mos and reu. 4. In such forms

as mdr-ra-re, mcis-sa-re, gyur-ta-re (Dzl.

VL, 1 ?, 9. ??, 2) it may be rendered

by an adverb, as: certainly, undoubtedly.

5. vb., v. red-pa and re-ba. 6. par-

ticle, mostly put between two closely con-

nected words: nyams-re-dgd, blo-re-bdeGb\,

^o-re brgydl, skyug-re-log , ze-re-^jigs, yi-

re-muy, don-re-cun, snyin-re-iye (this last

very frq.) 5without essentially modifying

the signification, yet only used in emphatic

speech. 7. num. for drug-cu in the ab-

breviated forms of the numbers 61 to 69.

8. num. figure: 115.

x-^rx're-skdn (etymology?), ace. to the

'

passages which came to my know-

ledge a strong negative (like oi/uij), by no

means, never, yon re - skan Mil. frq., that

can never happen, that is absolutely im-

possible (parallel to yon mi srid) ; fsim-par

(?yur re-skdn they never can be satisfied

with it Tar.

re-skon n. of a bitter medicinal herb.

*

re-Kd Sch. a picture, painting.

re-kdn v. re-ba.

^.-.rc-Jhiii Sch. : re-Jfdit Jbyun-ba to

be not too much (?).

'

re-guv v. re-ba sbst

re-grou addition, increase.

~' re

IlCad, the ClIrs, tlie neek, tllC uppcr 1I1'nJ,the wrists, and the foot; f'UlI /)lIl-OO mcn­tioned liS n lllorbid symptonJ IA.' - 2. thestone of ",pricots and otllcr stone-fruits C.,11'.; grope-stoDe Wdn, - 3, energy, lIly(,i­sf Mil" gcn. 811yiit-I'IU q.v, - 4. \'. J'UI

Comp, 1'118-.ertin skeleton, "'I'u,-{(hi ('Oy­K" IV. lie is nothing but skin and bones. ­rll,.J.!u Lt. bone-brothel). - f'U'-!lrdg SeA.: ll.

dry bone (1). - ru,-Mud LO - I'lU-Jltid

IV. clu·ies. - I·!i.-OU I. small bone. 2. bonesin general Dzl. - ''UI-(sud, ,m-(sdd .lled.1- rus~ Un I. &/1. firmness, perseverance,l'epenwce. 2. n. of n. pArt of the body mLt.~, re 1. indefinite Dum. or pl'on" single, a-... single one, some (persons), something;one to each, one at a time, re-Ii or 1'/1 every,every one, every body, each, ran-Ia bu J'e'IIM-Ila yid-oPalll"]I(J I'e !J6Ii-gi odug, dea-naJ!yCd..[«_wi bu ,'e dgm dcsll:lir comes fromIm"ing no son. t1lerefore you, too, shouldImve ll. Son Mil.; yud re for a moment,­!JI1d uam 'l'Jlgr.; lmt ,'e Ian }"1lyis once ortwiee Mil.; mi brgya re l3«m ;Olt rog-pa (II

horse) suflieiently(lnrgc) fur being mountedb}' :'Ibout a hundred men Glr.; 10 re t8am1IIa - f(&,]' witli the exception of one yearabout GIl',; ras-[/()S.1'Iqjuli ,.e n single cottongnrmeut Nil,; cOIJ-obrill'e n small umoulltof spiritua.l in~tructioll Nil.; W: "'fwl re"some wool, "3U-gu re" some Il:1per (_ Zig),-.e"-3U re' somc llPllles; bi:u-Ia iJill'-'pa reftdd-nas handing loeaeb of the ten (J. Pu"-pa1~",; ltig-lIa dcj,j-t:se re-rl! yod in ellch of-Ilis hlluds there WllS fl gold-coin Dzl.; nyill

re.w ""I8-i'al~ ~'ri I'e baad GIl', he slaugh­tered e\'er)' d1\Y 10000 living beings, ralita ltia baad live goats (every day); mi Tl?3

lug 1'/1 "sad eltd.l m:lIl killed one sheel' GIl',;in a somewhat diffcrent sense: "10 r~n!: tore CH,i-u yoo' HZ they grow smaller fromyear to ye4r; nyu'; re little at a time Gl,'.;J'/1-I'e )'11y;"-rnyi" onc nnd all, one with l\n­other, indi"crilOinlltel)' Mil., re-re-b:in..,yi111[/0 evcry ~illgle person'~ hend Tar.; re ;;gsomebody, something; some(pcrsons),a little;(with or WiUlOut dll-') a little while.) re ?:if}

[,33

.aod wnit n little! Dzl.; re 't;g No-nu .ftcr1\ little while, JJIw,'. 37; once, one day, onelime, at a future lime, also dll, re 'tig-gi fuPtA - 2. mutua4 reciprocal (in this stllseit is Ilerh, to be spelled I'/:'l. though it is cer~

minI), cognate to re), d]JOIt ,lob re orw; o"JIU';Mil. there arises mutulll discord Uetweentencbcrs nnd disciples Nil.; different, differ­ing? re-Ita-lm 'of a dilTerent kind or na­ture' $eh. - 3, sbst. a. tlte wooden partsof n t!OOl', re b'ti the four parts of n. door­frnme, yd-re the hcad.piece, the lintel, ma­re the sill or threshold (= yei-fem lind 1IId­(em), "yu-re rna-I'e «al ron" IV. pull it downentirely! logs-rl the side posts (C. 'fjO-ru).b. v. ,'e-1II0$ and J'/1U. - 4. In such forlOsliS JIUl!'·l'a·re, mN,·aa-re, gyu.r_la_re (D:l.Vi.-, 1. r--e,9, :Jel, 2) i~ may be renderedby lin :'Idverb, ns: cerlllinly, undoubtedly.- 5, vb" v. rtd-pa l~nd r~OO. - 6. par­ticle, mostly put between two closely con­nected words: llyama-I'e-dgti, blfJ-re-b&Glr.,~O-1'e brgydl, s.eyuy-re-lOg, ze·re-.,)igs, yi­re-mug, do'~'J'e-;:lt,i, "I}pti-re-rye (tbis Instvery frq.), without essentially modifyingthe signiliclltion, )'et only used in empbnticspeech. - 7. num. for (lrug-ro in the ab­breviated forms of the nuwbers 61 to 69.­8, num. figure: 115.::-'m· 1'e - ,.etin (etymology?), n.cc. to the-... r'rJ l'ussages which came to my know­ledge a strong negative (like tlt IJ~), by nomeans, never, !IOn "e· skan J1fil. ft'q., thatcaD never hllppen, that is absolutely im­p08silJle (parnllel to yoil 'IIi arid); (s;"l-PO"09YUl' re.Mdn they Dever can be satisfiedwith it Tal'. '

~.~",. rNkd,~ n. of a bitter me(licinal herb.

~:F re-id &11. a picture, painting.

~'Q,f5i' re-okan ,'. re-ba.

~.Q,~' J'e·1uiJ &!l.: l'I1-oftiii ovyw,i-ba to1'- be not too much (?).

~.tl'f' Te"fJllr v. "e-ba sbst.~

~.~. ''/1-g,.';11 addition, increase,

534

re-lcdgs-pa

or

reu-lcdgs-pa,

Med., a mezereon with white blossoms in the

South-Himalaya, of which paper is made.

s^ re-to pumpkin Kun.

'

re-dogs v. re-ba. vb.

re-lde v. re'-6a sbst

5J* re-sndm v. re-ba sbst.

w-opfy* Pr P-n

-> Triloknath, a

much frequented place of pil-

grimage in Chamba, with a famous imageand sanctuary of Avalokitesvara.

" r#-ba Cs. sbst., also re-bo, ace. to some

sbre-bo, W. *re-snam*, Cs. sack-cloth,

a kind of cloth of yak's-hair, a tent-cloth

(also re-lde and re-yol Cs.); re-gur a tent

of such cloth.

re-ba I- vb., 1 . to hope, fams-cdd mfon-

du reo all hoped to see Dzl.;de-la

pdn-du re-nas hoping it might be good for

it Mil. ; su-la re in whom should they placetheir hope, in whom should they trust? Ion

yod-du re-la whilst you are hoping still to

have time (enough) Mil.;re-zin ltos-pa to

look up full of hope Glr. 2. to wish, v.

II. 3. to beg, to ask alms, to go a beg-

ging, for victuals, *Ko re-a-la yon* W. he

comes to beg.

II.^rnSTT sbst. hope; wish, frq., re-ba

skon-ba, re-ba sgrub-pa to fulfil a hope;

rnyed-pa, fob-pa to get it fulfilled, to obtain

what one has hoped for, re-ba Itar Ogyurit goes to one's wish, as well as one could

wish; re-ba dan Iddn-pa hoping, full of

hope, re-ba med-pa hopeless, despairing.

Comp. re-fdg v. fdg-pa. re-dogs hopeand fear, re-dogs med being without hopeand without fear (the principal aim and

prerogative of ascetics) Mil. re-(bai)

ynas Cs.: room for hope; prob. also = re-

sa the person or thing whereon one's hopesare placed 6

1

.,W.

rf-<>s,

res-mos turn, se-

ries, or more accurately :

the order or change of the series, ned-la

Teg-pa

sdug-pai re-mos bab then misfortune came

to be our turn Mil.' re-mos-su Pth., *re-mos

cds - la* Ld. by turns, alternately, e.g. to

strike one's breast with the hands; *re-mos

re-mos* W. by degrees, gradually; re-momid. Ma.

*

re-zig v. re 1.

re-rdl n. of a medicine Med.

^x- /x^T'x "j>\re - ru (ras-ru?) W. the

spread- or warp -beam of

a loom.

"

re-sa v. re-ba.

re9 1- &ch.- reg-yzig-pa 'notes taken

down, and extracts made, during a

course of study'. 2. v.the following article.

reg-pa I. vb., 1. ( W. *rdg-ce=

nyug-

ce*, the latter being more in use)

to touch, to come in contact with, Ida-pasd-la gar reg-par where his hands touched

the groundZte/.; rlun ydl-ga-lareg-na whenthe wind touches the branches Dzl.\ Kd-

reg-pa c.dat. : to eat, to taste, to take, dug-

la-Kd-reg re-ba yod in taking poison there

is hope, (viz. so bad are the times) Ma. ;

*fsd-big zal rag dzod orzdl-la rag* W. please,

taste a little of it ! sd-la Kru gan tsam-gyisma reg-par Jbyon-pa to walk not touchingthe ground by an ell, i.e. to move in the

air, about a cubit distant from the ground

Pth.; reg-pa-med-pa intangible, unapproach-

able, out of reach, Glr. 2. to feel, to

perceive Cs.? II. sbst. reg (prob. onlyabbreviation of rey-bya) feeling, touch, sense

of feeling S.g. 10, 5?

Comp. reg-dug ('poison that has entered

the body by contact') S.g. 29, is said to

signify now in C. venereal disease, syphilis.-

reg-bya 1. what is felt or may be felt,

anything palpable or tangible, reg-bya mifsor what may be felt is felt no longer Wdn.1

2. feeling, sense of feeling, pdgs-pa-reg-byathe feeling of the skin, liis-po pyii reg-bya

grdn-la whilst the outside of the body ap-

pears cold to the touch, reg-bya-rtsub roughto the touch Med. reg-ma Cs. n. of a

goddess.

'3'

~'r,;,.r::n~'.:r or ~Q,·r.:.'~r..q re-U:dg8·pa OJ'-3 "I ~ ~ "I" reu-1M!J3-pa,

Ned., a mezereOD with white bloSSOlU8 in theSoutb-Himllb.ya, of whiuh paper is made.

~? "e-Io pumpkin Kun.

~.~~~. re-dlJg8 \", ,'Ua. vb.

~.~ re·ldi v. ri-ba sbst~

~.~. 1i-3ndm v. re-ba ,bst.

~.~ re-oP'ufP prop. n" Triloknath, II

much frequented plate of pil­grimage in CbamLa, with II famous imageand sanctuary of AvalokiteAI'cwu.~.~. re-ba ~. sbst., also ri-bo, ace. to some

JJr~o, IV. '"re-mam·, 08. sack-cloth,II kind of cloth of yak's-bair, n tent-doth(also re-ldi and re-,yrJl G.); re-[Ilif n tcutof such cloth.~:'r ".l-ba 1. vb., ]. to hope, (amJJ-cad m(on-

du reo all hoped t<J see Dzl.; de-faiJtin-du ri-na8 hoping it might be good forit MiL; 8u.·la re in whom should they placetheir hope, in whom should they trust? lOliydd-du re.Ia whilst yOIl are hoping still tohave time (enough) JJiI.; ri-}i,j lMs-pa wlook up full of hope Glr. - 2. to wish, v.II. - 3. to beg, to ask alms,' to go a beg·ging, for victuals, -fro rk-la yo,i- w: hecornell to beg.

lJ. ~nn sbst. hope; wish, frq., rl-ba3kdli-ba, rl-ba 'gritb-pa 1.0 fulfil a hope;myM-pa, fob·pa to get it fulfilled, to obtainwhat one has hoped for, rl-ba ltar o!J!lurit goes to one's wish, as well as one couldwish; 'fl-ba dail !dan-pa hoping, full ofhope, 'fe-ba mld-pa hopeless, despairing.

Compo 'fe-fag V. (dg.pa. - re-d6gt hopeand fear, re-ddfp med being without bopeand without fear (the principal Dim andprerogati\'e of ascetics) Mil. - rl-(bai)rna' Cs.: room for hope; prob. olso _ 'fl­,a the person or thing whereon one's hopcsare placed C., W~';J;(~ ~~~~. 'fl-mos, rh-17U1' turn, se·

, ries, or more ACcurately:the order or change of the series, Md-t"

<.1,

Mlug-pai rl-m03 bab then misfortune cameto be our turn Mil.; re-m03-'" Pth., -rl·mOlM$-la- LA. by turns, alternatel}", e.g. tostrike one's breast with the hauds; -rl·mosrl-'/IU)8- W; by degrees, gradually; re-m6ri,id. Ma.

~.~ 'fMig v. 'Ie I.

~.~...f' re-ral u. of a medicine ~Jed.

~.~. (~~~7)re-ru ('fa.5-rol) lV. thespread- or warp - bcnm of

a loom.~

~.~. rl-3a v. rl-ba.

~~ rrg 1. Sch.: 'feg-rzig-pa 'notes takendown, and extmcts made, during a

course ofstudy'.-2. v. the following article.~.Q']'~. rcg-pa 1. vb., 1. (W: -r&g.ce - nyug-

cl', the latter being more in use)to tOUCh, to come in contact with, ltig-pa'rl-la gal" rig-par where his hands touchedthe groundD::l.; dwl '!Jul-ga-la reg-na whenthe wind ~ouches the branches Dzl.; IM­ng-pa c.dat.: .to eat, w taste, to take, dug­1a--1U-rrg re-ba yod in taking poison thereis hope, (viz. so bad are the times) Mo..;-(sd-big zal 'fag dzod orZtiI-la raft W. please,tUtile a little of it! 'ti-la ltru gan uam-gyUma reg-par /lgJn-pa W walk not touchingthe ltrouod by an ell, i.e. to mo\'e in theair, about ll. cubit distant from tlJe ground11k; riy-pa-~pa int.'mgiblf.>, unapprooch.able, out of reach, Glr. - 2. to feel, topereeivD u.1 - 11. sbst. "rg (prob. onlyabbreviation of "eg-bya)feeling, touch, senseof feeling S.g. 10, 5?

Compo reg-dug ('poison tbat has enteredtbe body by contllct') S.g. 2U, is said tosignify DOW in C. venereal disease, syphilis.- "Ig-bya I. what is felt or may be fel4anything polpabJe or tangiblc, rtg·bya mi(,or what may be felt is felt no longer WdJi.1. feeling, sense of feeling, p«gs-pa-reg-byathe feeling of the skin, lits-po p:vii rlg-byagrall-la whilst the outside of the body ap­pears cold to the touch, rig-bya-ruub roughto the touch Mtd. - reg-ma ("4. D. of agoddess.

irii-lin ro

ren-lm, pf.ir^s to be stiff, hard, rigid,

rniai irii t/ii/ans to remove the hard

parts, of a wound (to clear, to cleanse)

HV//.; */v///.s son* W. (the blood) lias coag-

ulated, congealed, also of a dead body : it

has grown stiff; *rdn-te dad dug* W. he

makes liimx-lt' stiff, he struggles against;-pa solid (opp. to liquid), coagulated,

stiff, hard; iriix-par lnjed-pa to make hard

or stiff; ti-. : stiffnecked. obstinate, unwilling,

Do.

^q- reh-bu 1. pastil for fumigating Lt, \.

spos. 2. Sch. : separate, not be-

longing to anything else.

>e/iS sometimes f r ran*, v. nyin-retis,

fo-reiis.

re/is-po Sch. alone, single.

xr'r red-pa 1 . to be,=

yin-pa, in Sp. and C.y

rarely in B.; also rt-pa (rJ-ba) is met

with; Kyed pyugs-rdzi ma red rdo-r)e-sems-

dpar snan you are not a herdsman, no, youare Vajrasattva (viz. a deity)! Pth.; *cah

yo-pa re* me'-pa re'*? is there any beer

here or not? C. 2. Cs.: to be ready, red

mda a ready arrow Cs.; red dan ma red

rma a healed wound and one not yet heal-

ed (?) Sch. 3. to be withered Ts.

reb-reb-pa Sch.: to be in a great

haste or hurry, to be very zealous,

W. : *reb log co-ce* to do something wicked

a^ain and again.

>'wn-pa> vb. and adj. (to be) strong,

vigorous, durable, sound, hearty,of men and animals, *rem-pa son* W. nowI feel strong again; *gy6g-pa dul-ce-la

ren>-pa co!* W. exert yourself to walk fast!

co spyod rem show your ability, in per-

forming ceremonies or incantations Mil.;

r&m-cig rem-cig Od>'e-faogs->*nams be strong,

ye hobgoblins, show your power; do yourbest! (ironically) Mil.

reu Mil. prob. panel or square, of a

wainscoted wall, of a chessboard etc.;

re(u)-mig id.

rer termin. of re, to each individually;... a piece.

res 1. inst. of n. -- 2. change, turn.

time, times, <la ned bi^d-pai rfa-la. h //-

.s//> it being now our turn of acting Dzl. ;

*di-rin cu-re Koiyod* W. to-day it is his turn

to irrigate (the field); res byed-pavt\i\i verbal

root, to do a thing by turns with another

person, can-la Ofu/i-ri's byed-pa, resp. : skems-

la ysol-res mdzdd-pa to vie with one another

in drinking beer Glr. ; skyea Jbul-res bytd-

pa to send mutual presents to one another

Glr.', res jog-pa to change Sch ; res-kyis

relieving one another (in service), doing (a

thing) alternately or by turns, e g. nydl-la

me'l-fse byed-pa to sleep and to keep watch

Dzl. ; res is also used as an adv. : 1 . res &res cun now great, now small, or partly

great, partly small; res yod res med at one

time it is there, at another not Cs. 2. at

a time, every time, distributively: res pye

fur-mgo re tsam Qgams I always take the

tip of a spoon full of meal at a time Mil. ;

res ycig once, once upon a time Tar., res

^ga sometimes, res . . . res now now, at

one time at another, frq.; *lu~re* W. a

change of singing, an alternative song; res-

mos v. re-mos; res-yzd a changing (wander-

ing) star, a planet 6s.; res- grogs-zla-skdr

the stars with which the moon is successivelyin conjunction Sch.

^J"J" res-po old, v. bgre-ba.

%? ro I. sbst. taste, flavour, savour, Ka-ro id.;

ro-myon-ba to taste; six different kinds

of taste are distinguished: mndr-ba sweet,

skyur-ba sour, Idn-fswa-ba salt, Kd-ba bitter,

fsd-ba acrid, bsku-ba astringent, and the me-

dicines accordingly are also divided into six

classes; ro brgya dan Idan-pa of a hundred-

fold taste, i.e. of the most exquisite and

manifold flavour, frq. II. sbst. 1. alsord-

ma? resp.: spur, dead body, corpse, carcass,

mi-ro a dead man, rtd-*ro dead horse, srin-

bui ro dead insects Dzl ; ro sreg-pa to burn

a corpse. 2. body. v. corap. 3. residue,

remains, sediment, fsdg-ro (or Ofsdg-ro) that

which remains in a sieve or filter, impuri-

ties, husks etc., jd-ro tea-leaves in a tea-

pot, fsil-ro the remains of bacon after having

~~',::r /'tIi-lm

i:.~'.q' rtfj_lxJ, Ilf. I~';' 10 be sliff, hard, rigid,rll/oi I't,; JJyCl1t' to remo\'o the hllrd

ptlrts, of a wOlilid (to clear, to clelluse)Wtbi.; -r(l,;lf soli- W. (the blood) ba8 cong­ulMed, congeliled, also of a dead OOdy: ithas grown stiff; -rans-tt dad dllY· 11': hemakes him~elf >.tiff, he struggl~ IIgll.illst;rtli. - pll solid (opp, to liquid), ~oagulated,

sliff, hard; rf,is-pal' b~d-pa to make hardor stiff; fig.; stiffnecked, obstinate, unwilliflg,Do.~~'5' rl,i-bll 1. pastil for fumigaliflglA., v,

'pos, - 2. Sell.: separute, not be­longing to nnytbing else,

~C~· 1V',i. sometimes for ratis, v'''!Jill-''elb,(O-I'fn•.

~~~::f rtli.·po &11,. alone, single.

~_..q' rM-pa 1. to be, - yin-pa, iD Sp.ande.,..., rarely in n.; nlqo l'l-pa (rl-ba) is met

with; A'y«l p!JUgs-rd:;i 11la red rtfo.r)e-Sffl1g­

dpar mali you aril not a herdsmun, no, youare Vo)rasotrt:a (,·i1.. a deity)! Ptl,,; -ca,iYfF-pa ,'c· mt-pa ,.,-, is there allY beerh('re or not? C. - 2, C.,: to be ready, rfdmdo a ready arrow c".; red JaiL 1M rtd,-rna l\ benled wound nnd ODe not ),et he:ll­cd. (?) &h, - 3. to be withered 73,

~::r~::r:.r rtb-reb-pa &1,.; to be ifl a grealhaste or hurry, to be very zealous,

W: -roo lOf} i'd-l,· to do something wickedagain ILnd ilgUin.

~.Jf'f rem-pa vu, nod adj, (to be) strong.vigorous, durable, sound, hearty,

of men and aDiml\ls, -rem-po so,,· lV. nowI fet'l strong lignin; -OyQg-pa <hil.ff-larbn-pa col" lV. exert )'ourself to walk fast!Cor ~pyod rem show your ability, in per­forming ceremonies or inellntntions Nil.;rbn..cig rtnt-tig "Jr~.(sOfJl-I"I,om. be str01lg,ye hobjl;oblins, show YOllr power; do yourbest! (ironictllly) Mil.

~. rm Mil. prob. panel or square, of nwninseoted ",nil, of l\ chessuoard etc.;

re{1l)-mig id.

~", rtl' termin. of 1't, to ell.ch individually;. ,. a piece,

~ 1'0

~~. "CJ l. iast. of ,'t, - 2. change, turn,time, timn, da lied byld-pai d.·ltl!xi&-.

.It it being now our turn of acting DzL;·di·ri,i "Cu-rUoi yod' W: kHlay i~ is his turntoirrigllte(the field); rt'. byU,.pa with verbalroot, to do n ~hiog by turns witla anotherrerson, UiI-la,,{u,j-rir byhl-po, resp,: rkbrM­la r$JJl"Y8 mJ::dd-pa to vie with one anotherin drinkiog beer Glr,; J.'!p, "bul-rer bytd­pa to send mulual presents to one anotherGlr.; rea J&ff·pa to eh:lDgc &h; rl,·kyi$relie\'ing one anotber (in ser... ice), doiog (atbing) alternately or by turns, e g. flydl-famil-{M byM-pa to ~leel) nnd to keel' watchDd.; 1'/1 is (llso used as nn adv.: l. rtl Itrc. cUli now great, now SIII(lll, or partlygr('nt, partly small; '1'/1 yod rn '/IUd nt onetime it is there, at allOther not Cs. 2. ata time, every time, distributively; 1'/1 pytflir-mfJO re fMIm "galll. I all"nys take thetip of n spoon full of menl at a time Mil.;rn rCig once, once upon n. time Tar., rCJ09a sometimes, ,'t., ,. res now - now, n.tone time - at Mother, frq.; -lu--rr W: II.

ehnnge of singing, an alternative song; re.­mos .... 1'e-mos; rf'-r:11 a changing (wander­ing) stnt, a planet Ca.; 1"eI-,,9r~:;fa-skdr

lbe stars with which thc moon issueeessivelyin conjunction &/"

~~'!f Th-JX' old, v, bgre--ba.

~ '1'0 I. sbst. tasle, flavour, savour, Ita-ro id.;ro-my&ri_ba to taste; six different kinds

of t:me are distinguished: mliar-lta s,,'eet,.k!J1i/·.lJa llour,ldn~(sf.Ca-ba salt, Ild·ba bitt('f,(sJ.lJa acrid, lwai-!Ja astringent, and the me­dicines ACcordingl)' are also di"ided into ~ix

classes; 1'(1 bryJya da,i ldan~pa of n hundred­fold taste, i.e, of the most e.~quisite aDd

mnnifold Unvour, frq, - II, sbst. J. 11.150 rQ..mar resp.: .pur, dead body. corpse, carcass,m(-ro a d('nd milD, ,'td-ro dell.d horse, ',;n·bui TO dead insects Dd ; TO .rly-pa to burnII corpse. - 2, body, y, comp. - 3, residue,remaifls, sediment, fsJg-"o (or ofrdg-ro) thatwhieb remains in a sieve or filter, impuri­ties, husks etc., )11.,'(1 ten.-lell.vu in n. tell­~61l-l"l'Ithe «mllinsofbllcoD after baving

536

ro-nye Sf" rol-ba

been fried, greaves; gdl-ro, rdo-^o, sd-ro

rubbish;skud-ro the ends of threads in a

seam;v. also ro-to.

Comp. ro-Jcdn, col. *rom-Kah* place for

burning or burying the dead, a favourite

spot for conjurations and sorceries. ro-

grib defilement by contact with dead bodies.

-ro-rgydb back, back part Lt. ro-sgdm

coffin. ro-to Ld. (= roll, 3) residue; *ran-

sii ro-to* wax; *sig-pe ro-to* ruins of walls.

ro-stod the upper part of the human body,

chest and back Stg. ; esp. back Mil. ro-

dom fees given to the Lamas for performingthe burial or cremation ceremonies Mil.

ro-bug Sch. grave, tomb. --ro-mydys v.

myags- - ro-smdd the lower part of the

body Med., ro-smdd sbrul-du Jvyil-ba the

lower part of the body like a winding serpentWdk. ro-rds cloth of cotton for wrapping

up a dead body before cremation; upon it

incantations are frequently written against

demons and malignant spirits Pth. ro-

lans = 7jff|^ (evil) spirit, or goblin that oc-

cupies a dead body ( Will.) Tar. 158. ro-

sin wood for burning a dead body.

^\ $" ro-nye Stg.=

ra-nye, za-nye lead.

ro-ma 1 . sometimes for ro 6s., Schr.

2. v. rtsa I.

ro-tsa, ro-ytsa sexual in-

stinct, carnal desire^ustlfei,rd-tsa skyed-pa to excite, to increase the

carnal appetite by medicine Cs.;also : to feel

it; ro-fsa-ba 1. voluptuous, sensual, lustful

Mil. 2. exciting or animating the sexual in-

stinct Wdn.

2fcn*fr 9~P 1- C. black, cf. bya- and po-

rog. 2. W.=rdg-pa reddish, yellow-

ish-brown. of rocks. rog-ge-ba shining

dimly; zed Odzum-ndg rog-ge-ba with a face

glowing gloomily as it were Mil.nt. rog-

rog 1 . C. jet-black. 2. 'dark-grey' Sch., prob.=

rog-po 2. 3, rogue, villain 6s. (a manof dark deeds?).

r 9s> vulgar pronunciation oi grogs,

friend, companion, associate, assistant

v. grogs', rogs-med ycig-pa quite alone Pth.;

*rog-rdmco-ce* W. ra-mda bye'd-pa; *rogs-

po* Ld. adulterer, *rog-po co-ce* (of a hus-

band) and *rog-mo co-ce* (of a wife) to

commit adultery.

2^--TOU narrow passage, defile, cleft in a hill,

also valley; brag-ron dell or chasm be-

tween rocks, ravine, ron-rtsub a rough countryfull of ravines, so Tibet is called Glr. ; roh-

yul id.; roh-mi, ron-rta, roh-lcaii a man

coming from, a horse bred in, a willow grow-

ing in such a country.'

rod pride, haughtiness Ts.

r d-pa-, rod-po stiff, unable

to help one's self, rod-lei-

ba Sch. id.;Ld. : *rod-da-rod-de* of decrepit

or sick people."

rom-Haii W. for ro-Kati.

ro'm-po W (for sbom-po C., B.) thick,

big, stout, of men, trees, sticks; mas-

sive, massy, plump; deep, of sounds, opp. to

prd-mo. rom-yig type, types, letters used

in printing, opp. to pra-yig, v. yi-ge.

5^1-rol 1. side, only in the comp. : ndn-rol

inside, p'yi-rol outside, pd-rol, fsti-rol

etc.; mdl-gyi pyi-rol the outside of the bed

(e.g. has been soiled) Glr.; mostly as post-

position : ydns-pa-can-gyi ndn-rol-na within

the town of Yan-pa-can ;ndn-rol-nas Jbul-

ba to reach, to hand from within Dzl.;

cui

pd-rol-na, fsu-rol-na (or t'su-rol-tu) on the

other side or on this side of the water; yyds-

rol, yyon-rol the right side, the left side;

also in a looser sense: pyi-rol-tu bzun-ba

to look upon a thing as externally or really

existing Mil.; often pleon. : snon-rol-nas be-

fore, previously Thgy.\ ^og-rol-tu im ^.og-tu

after Pth., Tar.; Odi-nas nyi-ma-nub-kyi

pyogs-rol-na to the west from here. 2. Sch.:

rol(-foi) bsdd-pato destroy completely, to kill

on the spot(?). 3. (6s. also rol-mo) furrow;

rol rmod-pa to make furrows, to plough.

r-a- rol-rta Sch. : the near horse in a team,

the right-hand horse.

l" rol-pa sprul-pa, v. rol-ba 3.

- rol-ba 1. to amuse or divert one's self

(synon. \vi\hrtse-ba), thus one of the

twelve actions of a Buddha isbtsun-moi.Kor-

536

beeo fried, grea"eil; Util~, 1~, &d-rorubbish; akltd-ro the eods of threads in "seam; v. also r(J-td.

Compo J"(J-ldJi, 001. -rom-tait- pla1:e forboming or burying the deAd, a f"fooritespot for coojuratioDii IUld son:e.rit$.. - ro­grlbdefilenu!nt by oontl\Cl with de..d bodies.- ro.rggd.b back, back pari Lt. - ro4gdmcoffin. - r(J-t6IAl. (- ro 11, 3) residue; -rll>i­Ri ro-to- wax; -.ig-pe ro-ttr M1ins: of 'nils.-nHtOd the upper ptlrt of tile bum.a.n body,chC8t aod back StU'; esp. back Mil. - ro­ddm fce.J giveo 10 the I,amu for performingthe borial or c~mal.ion ceremonies Mil. ­ro-bWg &/t. gra"e, tomb. - ro.mydgt Y.

"yagI - rfMmdd tbe lower part of thebod)' Mtd., J'O-4lHdd ~l-dll .iyt'l·ba thelower part of tbe body likea winding 5f:rpeotIVdt - ~ cloth of cotton for .....rappingop "dead body before crematioDi npon itiocantatioDll Are frequendy WritleD againstdemoDll and malignant spirits PtA. - ro-­lwi..... 'it1rrtf (evil) spirit, or goblin that 0c­

cupies .. dead bod)' (WiLL) Tar. 158. - ro­.i~ .....ood for boming a dead body.

~J ro--lIyi &g. - "1l~, :a.n~ lead.

::;-,;r rd·"UI I. sometimes for ro w., &hr.- 2. v. rlsa I.

?(t' ~~~.''ll.tsa, rd·risa sexual in-, Itincl.camaldesire,lustMtd.,

rd-tsa .hjld.pa to e.s.cile, to i01:rease thecarnal nppet.ite by medicine A.. i also: to feelit; rO-(.a--ba I. "oluptuous, llCnsual, lostfnlMil. 2. uciting or nnilMting the suull! in­stinct lVdn.~~'2:f "OU·]}() 1. C. black, cf. b!Ja- and p'(J-

rJg. -2. W._rd.g-pu reddish, yellow­ish.brown, of rocks. - rdg.ge-ba shiningdimly; zal .d:/lm-lldgl'6g-Ue-bu wilu ll. faceglowing gloomily ns iL were A/il.m. - rog­TOg j. C.jet-b1ack. 2. 'durk.grey' Seh., prob._ rdg-po 2. - rogue, villain {j,. (a maoof dark deeds?).

~Qj~' rou" "ulgBr [lronuncill.l.ion ofgTO!P,friend, companion, associatt, assistant

v. grog'; rogt..'mid yHg.pa qllite alone Ptli.i-roy-rdlllM-U· W•.,. ru-mdabl.Jl!d-paj.~-

po. IA. adultuer, -rou-po C6-U' (of Il hus­bund) nnd ·rdg-mo M-t,· (of n wifll) tocommit adultery.~: ron narrow passage, defile, cleft iu l' hill,

also valley; brag-I'llio deU or chasm be­tween rocks, ravine, TOIi-rtsub • rough countryfull of mviocs, ;;0 Tibet i!l called Glr.; rdJi­!fill ill.; roJi.1NJ·, r6.oi-Ita, rOn-ita" amlincoming from, 1\ hOrllCbred in, 1\ willow grow·ing in sucb a country.

~' rod pride, haughtiness 71.

~-=r ~':r rdd-pa, rQd.po stiff, nDl\bll'~ ,"",~ to help one'll *!If. 1'dd·/0'-

ba &k. id.; IA.: °rod.da-l'Od_dr of decrepitor sick JlCQ[lle.

~: rdm·.fwi W. for Nrlail.

~'f r6m.po W (forab6m.po C., IJ.) tltick,big. stout, of men, trees., nicb; .......

sive, massy, plump; deep, of sounds, opp. topro-mo. - nJm-yig type, t.ypes, leuers usedill. printing, opp. to fra-yig, v. yt.ge.~ rol 1. side, 0111)' in tbe (;(Imp.: Jlan-rol

inside, pyi-rol ootside, fxi-rol, f••-rolelc.; mdl-gyi jiyi.rol the outside of the bed(e.g. bas been soiled) Glr_; illOitly as post-­position: yd"'-pa-/an""f/gi 1I1hi-l"Ol-na withinthe town of Yati-pa-€ani ndit-rol-nal_blJ.ba to reACh, to hand from within D:l.; ell'pa.1"Ol-'na, 6u--ro/·"a (or f.u.rol-tu) 00 theother side or 00 this side of the wnter;y~rol, y!Pn-rol the right side, the left. side;also in II looser sense: py£.rol-tu b:uli-loato look npoll a thing as ezterDlI.lIy or reall)'existing Mil.; often pleon.; .ridn-ro/-1lal be·fore, prevIously 1'lif;y.; #OU·rol·tu for A,.-tuafter PtA., Tar.; .dl·lIal n!Ji.'IIIa-nub.k!Jip1J6!p-rol-na tothc we"t from here. -:l. &h.:role-tu) bldd-pato destroycompletely, to killon the spot(1).- 3. (G'. nlso rol-mo) furrow;rot nrnJd.pa to make furrows, to plough.~Of~· r&l-1ta $ch.: the near horse in a \.earn,

} the right-hand horse.

J(ro.of'f rdl.pa = Iprail-pa, v. rdl-ba 3.

~.of.::r rdl-ba 1. to amuse or divert one'. self(s)·non. withrtU--ba), thus ODe of tbe

tweJyeoocions of a Buddha ~btrun""H)j.tOr-

/////;

/// rdl-bu diverting himself with his wives;

bdag-ydd <l<'< /<;/-// to divert one's self \vith

:i married \vonmn (sensu obsc.) Schr.; in

ri/i/<i-t-i'i--i'6l-jxt (v. sub >//'/")< :""' i"i'<>l-pa

I'-IKI (the n. of a certain kind of con-

templation Gyatch.\ it is used fur

playing. 2. to take, taste, eat, drink, x

mo Erdg-la rol-lxt witches or ogresses revel-

ing in blood Mil. ; rol-pai stdbs-su bZugs there

he sits with greedy mien. 3. = 'spn'd-ba

to practice sorcery, to cause to appear by magic

power, mam-par rdl-pa= mam-par spi-ul-

j'ti; j/<'-fH's rol-pai fcyeu Ina Pth. for: ye-ses-

ki/i xjn-i'fl-pa incarnations of the divine Wis-

dom; rol-pai mfso prob. enchanted lake, oc-

urs in the description of the Sumcru, but

no Lama seemed to know its exact meaning.- 4. vulg. : to thrash, to cudgel.

rol-ma 1. v. rol 3. 2. col. for

sgrol-ma.

rol-mo (cf. rol-ba 1). 1. music, rol-

mobyed-pa, W. *co-ce*}tomakem usic,

rol-mo spydd-pa Sch. id. - - 2. musical in-

strument, = rol-moi ca-byddDzL, rol-ca Cs.,

in W. esp. cymbal.

r .intj s.qr rla and rlag sometimes for bla

* '

andglags.*

rldg-pa v. rldg-pa.

i'ldm-pa vapour, steam, Ka-rldns

breath, exhalation, *Ka-ldn tdn-ce*

to breathe, to exhale W.; *gan-ldii* cloud-

like snow-drifts on liii^h hills, cu-rldns steam,

watery vapour; rldns-cu Odon-pa Schr. to

distil.

rm* rlan 1. moisture, humidity, rlan spdn-ba'

to avoid the wet Med.^ rlan sten nydl-ba to sleep in the wet Lt. - - 2. a liquid,

rlan-rttn id., rlan-rlon can the liquid (called)

beej Lex.; rldn-ban moist, wet, humid, e.g.

a country, rlan-med dry. Cf. rlon-pa, bdan.

-

rldb(s)-pa Sch. : 'to remove, to

clear away'.

rq^y-

rlabs wave, billow, flood, rgyd-mfsoirlabs Med.

;cu-rldbs and dba-rldbs or

rba-rldbs = rlabs\ dus-rlabs ebb and flood,

tides Stg. ;rlabs yyo-ba orjfrug-pa the tumult

of tlu- \\MVC- ' N. ; r/ii/ix-ftn-ri' or rlabs-.

Lf.i:: 4<ftni a large wave or billow, a

rolling swell of the sea, surf, surge; also

fig.: a high degree, e.g. of diligence Thgy.

rli'nn-pa v. rlom-pa; da ///-/>/<',

S>-/,.

pride (?).

rliij-pa, resp./s//-/7/V/, testicle, stone,

Jbyin-pa, Opyid-pa, W. *ton-a>* to

castrate, emasculate (a man), to cut or geld

(an animal), rlig-pyuh, rlig-mtd castrated,

emasculated, rlig-can having testicles, rlig-

ycig-pa having only one testicle; rlig-bu, ///</-

.W//AS scrotum; rlig-skrdns swollen testicles;

rliy-rlugsLt., rlig-blugsS.g., id. (ace. toG's.),

rlins Sch. good, quick, cf. brlin-ba.

rlid Sch. a closed leather- bag.

rlid-buSch.: 'a whole, alump or mass';

but this seems not applicable in the

phrase dud- groi rlid-bu Lex.,and other-

wise it is not known to me.

i- rlug(s)-pa l.Cs.: 'to purge, mnal

rlugs-par byed-pa to cause an

abortion, rlugs-byedipurgmg, procuringabor-

tion; rlugs-ma Sch.: 'the casting out, effu-

sion';ace. tooneZ/&. excretion of indigested

food. 2. Ts.: to overthrow, to pull down,v. lug-pa.

3^-- rlun ^rg 1- W. rlun-po breeze, wind,

NS rlun 16-ma-la reg the wind touches the

leavesDzL, rluri-gisskyod(&\\\\ng) is moved

by the wind DzL, blown away by the wind

Glr.;*lun Ian* C., *lun-po pu dug* W.

ythe

wind blows, also for: there is a draught

(here) ; *lun-rag mdn-po yon dug* W. one

feels the wind (here) very much;rlun am-

po MIL, drdg-po a high wind, a gale; sdr-

rlun east-wind etc., car-rliin rain and wind;

skdm-rlun a dry wind 6s.; *lun-po ydb-ce*

W. to fan; ^og-luh wind (from the stomach),

flatulence Lt.] fig.: Ids-kyi rluit-gis <7<W-(/<

impelled or pushed on by the wind of ac-

tions, i.e. involved in the consequences of

one's actions; and in a similar manner in

other instances, frq. 2. air, atmospheric

air, rh'iii-gyi dkyil-Jtor atmosphere; rlhn-gi

Opriil-l:

or air-pump <'*., rliin-gi gru air-

balloon ('$. 3. in physiology: one of the

34*

d" 1'01·1H1 lIivertillg bimself wilh I_is wiv~;lxiO{/-yOd dQIi rdJ.-bu to dinlrl. one's Aelf lI'itha married '/l'oman (IioeD~1l oll.c') &hr.; in''f/!J(J,-(W-rdl-l'(J (\. sub r!l!I'J), find in nJl-pnhMd-pn (the II. of Q. certain kind of con­templfttioll G!fIltdi.), it iii used for ~,IIIA)'illg. - 't. to lake, tasle, eat, drink. ,rift__It.rdg..w Nll-ba wil.dlti or ogreuell rel"l~l·

ingill blood MiL; rtU-puiJtdb.-,u b..~ Ihel'f:!Ie sits ....ith greedy mien. - 3. - 'lmfl-bato practicuorcery, locausetoappearb)' magicpower, ,.,.tiln1JG" r6l-po - ~xrr 'PJ"'~1'0; yi-Mf rdl.pai .&ytv.lHa 1M. for: ,~kyi. sprifl-pa incarnations of tbe dirine Wis­dom; "x-poi ....(,o prob. enchanted lake, oc­curs in the deseriptioo of the Sumeru, butno Lamfl :.eemed to know ill eJ:W mIMing.- 4. vulg.: to thrash, to cudgel.~..fe.r rdl-'IfNI I. v. rot 3. - 2. col. {or

......M~

~..f~rW-mo (d. rdl-ba I). 1. music., "!'i'"rnobyid-pa, W .M-«", tomnke mUSIc,

Tdl..mo .pydd-pa &.l id. - 2. musical in­strument, - rOl..,noi lll-bydd D::l., n1l-rtl C'o,in Iv. esp. CfInbal._. d -:rr ria and ,-ulg !lOmetimes for bla

.=:0 ao ;:;'-1t.J ~ and gla!!,.

~~=r rldg-pa ". rlOg-JXl.

=-~~.q' rltUif-pa vapour, steam, f(a-ridnst:.l brtath, nhalation, °l!a·wri ((iii-h·10 breillhe, 10 exhale IV.; ·,ail·ld"· doud·likesnow-driflSon hil:;b hill" Cu·rldri. stenm,wntery '·Ilpour; rldR.·lu .dOn"'fl Sehr. todistil.- - dan I. moisture. humidity, rlan apdIi-baat~ to Rvoitllhe wei Metl., dan .1('" Ilydl·ba to &Ieell in the wei Lt. - 2. a liquid,rlall.rMnid., rlan·,.fdll ea,; the liquid (en.lIed)bet>1 J~.; rldn·tun m(Jist, wet, humid, e.g.n country, rfan.'Jll!d dry. Cf. ,·M'l."a, b,·lan.

':'.::J(~)':r rldb(.)-pa &/,.: 'to remove, toI:J dellor oway'.':'=l'~' ,·lab. wave, billow, flood, rgya-m(IIJ1,'I:J rlaQeJ\led.; lu.,·/db. lind (1!H,·,·ldbt orIw·rldbt - rlabl; ([u.-rlaw t!ub and tlood,lid~SIfJ.; rlab, yy6-booroA'ri'frpa the tumultof the WAVes ('.; rlab.-p(rU pr ,·I(liM.cro

l

1fJ~' rim;~

Lu.: 1I"{tfii, a large wave or billow, IIrolling Sl\'ell of the lie&, surf, surge; ,,150fig.: a high degree, e.g. of diligence TIttJ!J..:..;,r:r rld"..pa ,'. rl6ul.pa; rlaln-Iyi,. &i1.':["' lltide(?).

£':rr.:r rlj!f1'4, resIJ·]'IaIi-rlig, testicle,st",.,t:.l -I obyill-p4, oiJ!lid.pa, IV. ·16,.-«· tocastrate, emaseulau~ (a U'llU), to cui or geld(1m anilllal), rlig.p!JMif. rliy.,,1id C&6tBted,~DIMCubted, rlifj-<a" hluing tCllticlu, rl;'"rC'!f'1)(J having onl)" ouetesticle; ,.zig.JJw.,"'if;.,,0. scrotum; ,.zig-4trdiM S"'oU~n ~liclet;

rlj:r,.zifyJ Lt., rlig4H.'!1'S'!J" id. (ace, tou.).

~~.w- ,.zi/is &11. good, qu;ck, cr. brtin.lxJ.

~~. ,.zWl &11. • closed leather-b.g.

£--',:r rlid-b.&!I.: 'a whole,alump or mass';t:.ll-<l but this seems not applicable in thephl1\se dud-o!/raj ,.zid--lnt Lu., and olber­.ise it is not known to me.

.:.::n ~r::r rl'¢..)-pa 1. C,.: 'to purve, ...~~I, ,.zilga-par ~-pa to cause anabortion, rltup-b!Jidpurging, procuringabor·tion; rlMfll·_ &h.: 'the casting out,. effu­sion'; ace. toonel~~.~xeretiOJl of indige5ledfood. - 2. n.: to overthrow, to pull d01l'n,v. lUfHHl.-,... rill';~ 1. JV. rluoi-po breeze, wind,~-. rllll~ 16-ma-la I'tg tbe wind touches \110lelwesDzl., rfaui-giulyod(a thing) is 1110\-00

b)" the wind D::l., blo".n .~·:IY by the windGlr.; ·'ll'; foli· c., ·'oili-po pa dllg· n~, thewind blows, lllso for: Lhcrc is 1\ drl\Ught(here); ·,,;'j-ray mati-po yoli dllgO lV. ODe

feels the wind (hllrc) "llry much; "Iuli m.·po Mil., (Iro.g-1'O II. high wind, A gale; io.r_}'lwi ellSj,..wind etc., lar-rlluj min And \\·ind;akam./,l!lIi Il. dry wiod Ct.; ·lIl/i-po yOb-(,.W: to fnn i fifj-11ll; wind(from the stolllach),flatulence Lt.; fig.: lm-I:yi rll;';-!J" dld.<ftJiDlllelled or pushed Oil by the wind of ac­tions, i.e. iD\'oh'cd in tbe C<lDs~queDCC8 ofono's actions; nnd in n "iruilar maoner inother illMances, frq. - 2. air, atmOlipbericair, /·liu.-gyi d!yil••ll(H' atmosphere; rlo.il-gi.J'wil[-/for air-pump IA., riilli· vi !1"' air·balloon (,•. - 3. in IIhp'iolog)": one of the

"'.

538"

rlun brla

three humours of the body (v. nyes-pa) sup-

posed to exist in nearly all the parts and

organs of the body, circulating in veins of

its own, producing the arbitrary and the in-

voluntarymotions, and causing variousother

physiological phenomena. When deranged,

it is the cause of many diseases, esp. of

such complaints the origin and seat of which

is not known, as rheumatism, nervous affec-

tions etc. This rlun or humour is divided

into five species, viz.: srog- dzin cause of

breathing, gyen-rgyu faculty of speaking,

Kyab-byed cause of muscular motion, me-

mnydm of digestion and assimilation, fur-

sel of excretion; rlun-las gyur-pa yin (the

disease) arises from rlun Glr. ; rluii-gis bzuii-

sterlun-ndd-kyis btdb-ste. These notions

concerning rlun are one of the weakest pointsof Tibetan physiology and pathology.

4. in mysticism rlun Qdzm-pa seems to be =dbugs bsgydn-ba, and to denote the drawingin and holding one's breath during the pro-

cedure called ytum-mo (q.v.), which is as

much as to prepare one's self for contem-

plation, or enter into a state of ecstasy Mil.;

rlun sems-la dban fob-pa Mil, frq., is said

to imply thathigh degree ofmystical ecstasy,when rlun and sems have been joined into

one; he who has attained to the mgyogs-rlun is able to perform extraordinary things,

e.g. with a heavy burden on his back he

is able to run with the greatest speed, and

the like.

Comp. rlun-rta the airy horse, n. of little

flags, frequently to be seen waving in the

wind on Tibetan houses, on heaps of stones,

bridges etc. The figure of a horse which to-

gether with various prayers is printed on

these flags signifies (ace. to Schl. 253) the

deity rta-mcog. Hue also mentions super-stitious practices that may be called rlun-

rta. rlun-mdd Sch. air-gun. rlun-ndd

disease caused by rlun, v. above. - rlun-

dmdr, rlun ndg-po prop, dust-storm, a storm

whirling up clouds of dust; further: storm,

tempest in general, also a gale at sea Glr.

and elsewh. rlun-fsub whirlwind, snow-

storm Mil. rlun-sems v. above, rlun 4.

rlun-ser, rlun-bser-bu, rlun bsir-ba, a violent

wind 6's.

j.rlubs 1 . in C. : corner, hole, place for

hiding a thing; Lex. : fcun-bui rlubs.

- 2. Sch. : ditch, pit, pool, abyss, mei rlubs

fire-pool.

rlog-pa, pf. brlags, fut. brlag, imp.

rlog(s), Mag, vb. a. to ldog-pa, 1.

to overthrow, to destroy ;fdl-bar or rddl-du

rlog-pa to reduce to powder, to destroy

entirely Thgy. and elsewh.; rtsa-ba-nas, or

mam-par, to annihilate, e.g. all the infidels

Pth., to break, to smash e.g. a vessel 6'.;

to lose 6'.,*'d-ma lag-son* I have lost my

mother C., *lug cig lag son* one sheep has

perished C. 2. fig. to pervert, to infatuate,

nyes-pai dri-mas yons-su brldgs-te quite cor-

rupted by the filth of sin Dzl.;cun-mar

Odzin-pai bsdm-rlags-fso those infatuated by

thoughts of marriage Glr.; brldg-po foolish,

stupid, of a little child Thgy.

r^* rlon sometimes erron. for klon or Ion.

rlon-pa I. 1. adj. (6s. 'moist') W. wet,

fsan-rlon quite wet, wet through;hence of meat, vegetables and the like, fresh,

green, raw B. and col. 2. vb., pf. and fut.

brlan, to make wet, to moisten, cus, car-pasDzl.

II. Sch.: to answer, with Ian, also glon-pa,

ldon-pa, bldn-pa, zlon-pa.

rlob-pa, pf. brlabs, fut. brlab, imp.

rlobs, v. byin.

rldm-pa I. vb., pf. Mams, fut. brlam

1. to be proud of, to glory in, to boast

of, with terrain., bder rldm-pa to boast of

one's good fortune, ycig-par QY ycig-tu rlom-

pa to be proud of the identity with . . . Tar.

- 2. to love, to adhere to, to be attached to

W., to strive after, fzdn-gyi nor-la. 3. to

be possessed, of demons, ydon-gyis brldms-

pa Lt. II. sbst. pride, bsags kyan rldm-

pas /cyer if perhaps (any merit) has been

gathered, it is taken away again by pride

Mil. Deriv. rlom-po a boaster, an arro-

gant person 6s.; rlom-sems pride, arrogance.

? 6's.) brla (-bo?} the thigh, brla nd-

ba a pain in the thigh Do., brla yyas

."1388JC,: rluil~

three humours of tile body (v. Tlytls-pa) sup­posed to e:r.ist in nearly all the paris lindorgans of the body, circulating in veins ofits own, producillg the arbitrary nnd the ill­voluntarymotions, and causing variousotherphysiological phenomena. When deranged,it is the cause of many diseases, esp. ofsuch complaints the origin and seat of whichis not known, us rheumatism, nen"ous nffee­tions etc. This rill;/ or humour is divirledinto five species, viz: slVJf!-odzln canse ofbreathing, !Jyen-1'f!!lll faculty of spcaking,fya!J...lftjkJ cause of muscular motion, me­mnydm of digestion and Ilssimilation, (w··sel of excretion; rbl/i-iall "gy!lr-pa yin (thediS<"nse)ariscs from rluitGlr. ;rMh-gis b:;,ui_ste_rlwi_ndd_J..yis blab·sIe. - These notionsconcerning 1'lwiareoneof the wenkestpointsof Tibetan physiolog)' and pathology. ­4. in mysticism rlwi o(lzin-pa seems to he­dbugs ~dli_ba, and to denote the drnwingin and holding one's breath during the pro­cedure called rlum-mo (q. v.), whieb is asmuch as to prepare one's self for contem­plation, or enter into a state of eo::stasy Mil.;rlwi 3lms-la dba,i (Ob-pa Mil., frq., is saidto imply tbnthigh degrceofmysticaleCi'tasy,when rlwi and senn have been joined intoone; he who has attained to the mgyogs­rHoi is able to perform extraordinnry things,e.g. with a heavy lmrden on his back lIeis uble to run with the greatest speed, andthe like. -

Compo rUln.-rta Ihe airy horse, n. oflittleflags, frequently to be seen wuving in thewiud on Tibetll.D houses, on heaps of stones,bridges etc. The figure of a horse which to­

gether with various prayers is printed onthese flags signifies (nee. to &hl. 253) thedeity rta-m'Cog. Hue also mentions super­stitious practices that Dlay be called rlun­rIa. - rlut,~mdd Sell. air-gun. - riUll-nd,ldisease caused by rlun, v. above. - rlUli­dmdr, rlUli TlI/g-"fO prop. dust-storm, l\ stannwhirling up douds of Just; fllfther: storm,tempest in generlll, also n gale af sea Gir.and elsewh. - rlll,,-6Uh whirlwind, snow­slorm ,Mil. - rlUii-1!hn3 \'. 'QVe,rlUli 4;;.-:-

(~/.

rlllll..m·, rbui-bsRr-bll, rlwi bsir-l.m, u violentwind C3.:=..::r~' rlubs 1 in C.: corner, hole, place for~ hiding a thing; Lu.: Eu,i-blti dubs.- 2. Sel,.: dilch, pil, pool, abyss, met 1'[1I6sfireppool.af1"J" rl6g_pu, pf. bl'lags, fut.I.)I'lag, imp.r.: d()[J(s), brlag, vb. 1\. to ldd9-PU, J.to overthrow, to destroy; (dl·bal' or nldl-dltrldg_pa to reduce to powder, to destroyentirely TA9!J' and elsewb.; 'tBa-ba-lIaB, orrndnl-par, to annihilnte, e.g. all the infidelsPtk, to break, to smash e.g. a vessel C.;to lose C., ·'d-ma la9-80f'· 1 ha\'e lost mymother G., -lug Cig lag 30/i- one sheep Imsrerishe;) C. - 2. fig. to pervert, 10 infatuale,ny/s-p«i dd-maB Jp.liiHlf bl'ldg&-te quite cor­mplcd by the filth of sin Dzl.; C'lili·marod::in-pai bsdrn-rlafP-(80 those infaluaterl bythougilts of marriuge GI.I,,; brldy./KJ foolish,stupid, of u little child TII[JY.

e;'C: dOl, sometimes erron. for Ho/l or Lori.

~"f rldn-l,a I. 1. adj. ((;6. 'moist') W. wei,r.: (sali-rltin quite wet, wet through;hence of meat, vegetnbles and tlle like, fresh,green, raw IJ. aad col. - 2. vb., pf. and fut.brian, 10 make wet, to moisten, GUS, Gal'pfIaIJDzl.

n. &h.: to answer, with lan, also 9Mn-pa,{don-pa, blti.n-pa, ;;;lon~pa.

r'.::r'f rldh-pl" pf. hrlah3, fut. briah, imp.I:J rbJbs, v. 6yin.~.q· ..:::r rMm-pa I. vb., pf. brlmll8, fut. brfamr.l 1. to be proud of, to glory in, to boaslof, with termin., !xk" rldm-pa to boast ofone's good fortune, rNg-par or rCfg-lu rldm­pa to be proud of the identit)' with ... 1ar.- 2. 10 love, to adhere to, to be attached tow., to strive after, ,.zdn-yyi nlJr-ia. - 3. tobe possessed, of demons, rddn-yyi3 brldffl$_pa 1.1.~ II. sbst. pride, bsags k!lail ,.lOm­peu JllJer if perhU!IS (any lnerit) has beengathered, it is taken away agailLby prideMil. - Deriv. "lOrn-po a boaster, an arro­gant person (.3.; rlOm-3em.! pride, arrogance.-==!~.(::r? (3.) &rIa (-bo!) the thigh, bda nd_

r: ftu- a. pain in the thi~h..Da., b"la rylU

689

tin- right thigh (Hi-., brlu-rkdii t'euioral b<ni<-

($<//.: hip-bone?). *biia-Kun* groin W.;

lirln-lxtr .sV//.: junction of the legs, genitals;

/irln-1-iix tV'inoral bone; brl<i-*u muscular

part of the thigh; l>rl<t-xttl < '.s.: 'side of the

thigh'.

brldg-pa v. rl6g-pa.

[><>l.c.i-. and sv//. abusive

word, invective, abusive language

(/Sc/t. also: 'rude fellow, brute1

?), rtsub-

/>rlih'i-ba nut1/in-f.ia refraining from abusive

language Thgy.\ brldn-po-warns byed-pato make use of such language Stg. ;

brlan-

*/>i/od byed-pa to be coarse, churlish Sch.

la

'CJ" brldn-pa v.

Kf brldb-pa v. /-lob-pa.

brldm-pa v. rloni-pa.

tni'm-in, <'. firm, secure, safe

quick?), lii-liii-fio id., both of menand things, *////->////// jl--ln kur* C. carry it

safely, carefully! brlii<-l<'i<j Sc/t.: confused,

disorderly, not to be trusted.

luiuy-pa Sch. : mdzd-bo friend,

assistant, helper; one Lex. explains

bid-brluy by yroys.

v.

QJ / 1. the letter 1. 2. numeral: 26.

QT ^a I. sbst. mountain pass, road or passageover a mountain, laigyenihe up-hill road

or ascent of a mountain, led fur the down-

hill road or descent Cs.;la rydl-ba B., C.

( W.:*yijdb-ce*} to cross a mountain pass;Id-la Oyro-ba Cs. id.

Comp. la-rked or sked the declivity or

slope of a mountain pass. la-Ud the high-est point of the pass, la-myo the head, or

top, of a mountain pass. la -sgo, Sch. :

'turnpike of a pass'. la-ycdn-pa a collec-

tor of duties on a ghat or pass Cs. la-cun

a small pass Glr. la-mjuy = la-rfsa.

la-stoii v. stdn-pa. Ia-f6y= la-rtse. la-

rfsd ( W. *lar-sa*) foot of a mountain pass/d-rtse (W. *lar-se*) top of it. la-sdn

Sch.: = la-rked.

I 1. sbst., also Id-ba, wax-light, wax-candle,

taper, from the Chinese Idh wax, C.

III. In compounds for la-pug and la-l-u .

IV. postpos. c. ace. 1. denoting local

relations in quite a general sense, in answer

to the questions where and whither: sd-la

^yre-ba to roll (one's body) on the ground,sd-la ^nl-ba to fall down on the ground,ndm-mka-la Opdy-pa to rise to heaven,ndm-mka-la Opur-ba to fly in the air, me-la at,

on, in, to, the fire, ri-la on, to, the moun-

tain, cu-la in, into, to, on, the water, sdr-lu

to, towards the east, eastward (e.g. to look),

bod-la iu, to, Tibet; also where we should

say: from, as: yndm-la Kd-ba Obab snow

falls from heaven, rtd-la Obab he alights

from his horse, brdy-la mcons he leaps down

from the rock DzL, lus-la Krag Obyin-pa to

draw blood from the body by scratching.

This latter use of la occurs so frequently,

that it cannot always be looked upon as a

misspelling for las, though this would be

the more exact word. 2. with reference

to time: zag ysum-pa-la on the third day,lo nyi-su-pa-la in the twentieth or during

the twentieth year, zld-ba ysum-la (finish it)

within three mouths (?/;., pyug ddn-po-la

at, during, the first obeisance Glr. 3. in

other bearings : d-la rten-nas (prop, relying

the I'ight l.higll Glr., brla-rkd,i femo",1 bUill'(&1,,: hill_ bone ?). -bda-I..'l11;'- groin 11'.;b"III_oor &11.: junction of the legs, genitals;brlll-,./j3 femornl 1J0oe; br/a-jd lUuscularl'''l'l of the t11igh; bda-lUl Ca.: 'side of dielhigb'.

=:J.fi~.cr brMg-ptl v. rldg-pa.

~!:..~ brlUu - po Lu. nud Sd,. abusive:.l word, invective, abusive language

(&1,. also: 'rude fellow, IJrute'?), I'tsub­brldli·ba lila yill.p<t refrniuing from 3busi\'eillUgut\~e '1'I'g/;.; bdd,i-,xJ-Nla"u byid-palo mnke use of such lAuguage Stg.; bri,Hi­~P!l6t.l Uy..V.[.pll lo be conrse, churlish &1,.

~ la I. the letter I. - 2. numeral: 2G.

Il.l' la I. slJst. mountain pass, roud or passageo"er n mountain, lai[!!If1ltbe ul,-hill rond

or IlScent of n U1ountnin, fai fl/I' the down­Ili1l rand or descent (il,; la J'gal-ba lJ., G( II~: -!l!Jdb-U') to cros.s a mountain pns.s;M-la ofIrd-ba ClI. id.

Compo fa-rJ.·;J or skbl the declivity or!>lo(le of n mountain pass. _. la-I'd the high­est POillt of the pass, It:MII,'JO the head, ortop, of a lUounlnill I'\1.SI>, - la· 8fJo, Sel,.:'turnllike of n pass'. - la-ycdll-pa n collec­tor of duties on a ghat or pass Ga. - la·culia smnll pll.SS Ofr. - la-mjliy = la-r{~a.

fa-atO,i v. stoJi-l'a. - la-fdg _ la·rld. -Ia­I'lsd (W. -lar-sa-) foot of a mountain pll8Sla-rid (w. -lar-3i-) lop of it. - la-idll&h.: == iarrkM.

1r. sbst., also ld..IJa, wax·light, wax"candle,taper, from lhe Chinese ldh wax, C.

III. In eompouuds for ia-fu9 and la-c/I.IV. postpos. C. ace. I. denoliug local

relntious in quite n genual !ll,1D~t'J in tlDs'!.er

'39~. la

~,§1=J' bdall-lla V. rMlI-pa.

~.::r'r brldb--l'a \., rltJb-pu.

=:J~~'=J' bddlll-IJa V. ,.idm-I)fI.

=:J£'C::=:J' bdi,j-Ua ('. firm, secure, safe (Selt.:I:.l quick?), br/ili-po id., both of men

lind things, -lfii-gl.yi jM-la llur- C. carry 'i~

safely, carefully! bdili-ldg Sell,: coufu:.etl,disorderly, Dot to he trusled.==!':'Q]'.:.j" brlug-pa Sel•. : _ mJ.::d.w friend,~ :\ssist:lJlt, helpel'; oneLe.(.cxplnius

bl6-brlug by YI'()(,P.

~~~ brlulM v. 'I'llibe.~

to the questions where and whither: sd-laoffl'e-bu to roll (OIlC'S 1J0dy) on the ground,sd-la offl"il-ba to fall dowu on the ground,lIdm-lIIJ.:a-h~opdg~Jla to ri."c to heaven, ndlll­JIlka-la op·/Ir·ba to fly in the air, JIll-la at,on, in, to, the fire, "i-la on, to, the mouu­tuin, eli-la in, into, to, on, the wnter, ~dr-lato, towards the e~t, enstwnrd (e.g. to look),U&.l-la iu, to, Tibet; nlso where we shouldsay: from, ns: rudlll.la fd-IJ", obah ~DOW

falls from helweu, I'M-fa obab he alightsfrom his horse, bl'dg-ia 11lCtliis he leap;; do.....nfrOID the rOCK D::l., 1"3-1a ""rag obyill'lH1 10drnw blood fl'om the body by bCfll.lching.This ln~tel' use of la occurs so frequently,tbat it eaunot nlwlI-Ys be looked upon liS II­

mis'>pelling for lUI, tllOugh this would lJelhe more exa.ct word. - ~. with referenceto time: zag fSlim-PJ-la on the tbird day,lo lI!Ji.iJu-pa-la in the twenlieth or duringtbe tllclllielh }'eHr, ::ld-ba ysulII-la (finish it)within three mouths Gir., hlog ddn-~la

at, during, the ur"t obeisauce Gu,. - 3. inothFl1 bearings: dJ-la ,'tell-nat (prop. rel}'ing

540

(2T la

'

Id-pug

on, keeping to) relative to, with respect to,

in consequence of; also de-la, without rten-

nas id.;with verbs expressing feelings of

the inind : at, off, concerning etc., de-la dgd-

sfeglad of, rejoicing at it; sdig-pa-la dzem-pa

to be afraid of sin;ma byun-ba Odi-laydams-

ndg ysol-to he asked advice with respectto this

not having been done Mil.; in introducing

a new subject: rgydl-sa me-nydg-la sor-bai

lo-rgyus-la now, as to the fact of the suprem-

acy having been transferred to Tan-gud,

it ... Glr.;in headings of chapters etc., e.g.

glin bzii min-la names of the four parts of

the globe Trig. ; ce-cun-gi fsad-la with re-

spect to size Glr.; bre-srdn-la yyo mi byed-

pa not to cheat by measure and weight Glr.;

for the Latin erga and contra, as: dgra-la

rgol-bato struggle against or with an enemy;bu-la snyin-brtse-nas from love to her son;

nad-stobs-kyi ce-cun-la dpdg-pa to pro-

portion (the medicines) to the degree of

the illness Lt.; sndr-gyi rgyun-la in com-

parison with the former time Tar.; rgydl-poi

fiigs-rje-la by, or according to the king's

favour; nai lugs-la by my way of proceed-

ing, according to my system Mil.; zdbs^pyi-

la (to go with a person) as a companion.4. most frq. la is used as sign of the dat.

case, col. also of the accus. following a vb. a.

5. in all the relations mentioned above,

la is added to the inf., partic. and root of

a vb., wherever the verb will at all admit

of it, and besides it is used as gerundial

particle in a similar sense as te: a. after the

inf. (only in B.') : Iha^rten zig yod-pa-la as

there was in that place an idol-shrine Dzl. ;

often also to be translated by although, b.

added to the root (B. and col.): mfon-la ma

btags (though) having seen it, yet he did

not fasten it Dzl.; col. esp. when the root is

doubled, for while, whilst: *he sa tub-tub-la

fcyod sin Kur* fetch thou wood, whilst I am

cutting the meat into pieces W.;in C. and

B. = cw, also added to adjectives, lus mi-

sdug-cit'i fun-la dbyans snydn-pa ugly as to

his body (and) of small stature, (but) hav-

ing a fine voice Dzl.; in sentences contain-

ing an imp. it is added to the root of it:

sog-la Itos sig come and look!

Qi-rn-^f la-Kyi-mo W. the mountain-weasel;

W = sre-mon?

ITrFf Ia-r9yd &cn -'- government, adminis-

x# tration (?).

p..,-.fo-cfa sealing-wax, Wdh.; *la-kyir* W.

balls of sealing-wax, with a hole for

stringing them, used like our sticks of seal-

ing-wax; la-fig drops of sealing-wax; la-fig

rgydg-pa to drop melted sealing-wax upon

(a person), as a torture.

flj-^r* la-nyun Glr., either a sort of turnip,

<o or (more prob.) for Id-pug daii nyun-ma radish and turnip.

^r*^* la-nye Sch. : 'a mark' (?).

prr* la-td Hind. xpJ? an imported material'

like flax or a sort of linen-cloth, not

in general use; hence in many parts of the

country unknown.

QTC" PJ'CT dj*^'la~tu

> la-fa? la-du, prop.

>4>' NS' NO ^ra~. a sort of pastry of In-

dia, composed of suet, coarse me'al, sugar

and spices; the word may also be used for

our gingerbread.Cs

f^'Spl" la-fig v. la-ca.

'

la-tod turban Glr.

la-dwdgs, also mdr-yul, Ladag. La-

ddk, province in the valley of the

Indus between mha-ris and Balti, inhabited

by Tibetans and formerly belonging to Ti-

bet, afterwards an independent kingdom,

but recently conquered by Gulab Singh of

Kashmere and hindooized as much as pos-

sible by his son and successor; capital Le.

la-pa-sa or la-pa-sag

Cs. a kind of upper gar-

ment without a girdle.

Id-po buttermilk, boiled, but not yet

dried into vermicelli (Jiur-ba).

Id-pug radish, bod la-pug the com-

mon black radish, ni f.; rgya Id-pug

a red species, of an acidulous taste. The

carrot (Daucus carota) is in 6'. also col.

called la-pug ser-po. la-bddr, gen. *lab-

540~. la

on, keeping to) relative to, with. respect to,ill consequence of; nlso de-ta, wlt1l0ut rtin­IWl! id.; with rerbs expressing foolings oftbe mind: at, off, concerning etc., dM« dga~

steglMl of, rejoicing a~ it; sdlg-pu.-laodzem-pato be afraid of sin; rna !Jyuri.ha odi-laydams­1jlig ysdl-to be asked advice with respect to thisDot having been done Afi!.; in introducing4 new subject: rgyal-sa 11lt-nyd[Tla Mr-baiw-rgyus.la Dow,nS to the fact of thesuprem­ncy having been traDsferrcd. to TUli.gud,it ... Glr.; in headings of cbapters etc., e.g.glin bzii min-fa names of the four parts ofthe globe Trig.; ce-t-uli-gi lsad-la wi~h re­SElect to size Glr.; brNrdJi-la 1YO 1IIi byM­pa DOt to cbeat by measure Dnd weight Glr.;for the J,atin ergo. Ilnd CQ1lt,.a, as: dgra-laryol-ba to struggle against orwith an enemy;bu-la myiti-brl3e-nas from love to her SOD;

1lad-stObs-l.y; u-luIi-la dpdg-pa to pro­portion (the medicines) to the degree ofthe illness !..t.; s,io.r-gyi rgyun-Ia in com­parison with the former time Tar.; ryyo.l-poi(itgs-Ij~a b.)', or according to the king'sfavour; riai lUgs-la by my way of proceed­ing, according to my systcm Nil.; Zd~-'hi­10 (to go with n person) as n companion.- 4. most frq. la is used as sign of the dut.case, col. also of the aceus. following a vb. a.- 5. in all the relations mentiollcd aho\-e,la is added to the inL, partic. and root ofa vh., wherever the \'erh will at all admitof it, aDd besides it is used as gerundialpnrticle in a similar sense as tt: a. after thcinfo (only in 11.): ll,a-rtin zig ydd-pa-Ia ~there wus in that place an idol-shrine Dzl.;often also to be Iranslnted by allhough. b.lldded to the rool (11. and col.): mtdn-Ia mabtags (though) hl\yillg seen it, yet he didnol fasten it Dzl.; col. esp. when the root isdoubled, for while, whilst: "tir ila tuh-tub-lakyod Aill /lur" fetell thou wood, whilst I lUll

cutting the meat into pieces W:; in C. andB. = cbi, also added to adjectives, Ius mi­w'ug-ci" E/hi-fa dbya,is snydn-pa ugly n~ tohis body (and) of small stature, (but) brn'­iog fI fine voice Dzl.; in senwnces contain-

iug un imp. it is added to the root of it:sOfj-la ltos ilig come and look!~..fi.~ Ia-I.i/i-·/lw tv. the mountain-weasel;

IJ = srt-moM~.~. la-1'fI!Ia Sch.: government, admiui.~­

tmtion (?).r:flfl' la-cO. sealing-wax, Wdli.; ·la-kyir" Iv.

balls of sealing-wax, with a hole for

stringing them, used like our sticks of "eal­ing-wax; la-fig drops of sealing-wax; w.-fi!!rfI!Jag-pa w drop melted sealing-wax upou(a person), as a torture.~.'?~' la-nyu,j Glr., either a sort of turnip,

...., or (more prob.) for la-Pug dall nylii...ma radish and turnip.

'.r:f,? la-lIyl Sell.: 'a mark' (?),

Ill'?' la-M llind. ~?an imported materinllike flax or a sort. of linen-cloth, not

in general usc; hence in many parts of tilecountry unknown.

~'l:i' 1ll',Sr Il.l.... la-tu, la-{u, la-du, prop.-<.' ....,' :J ~.asortofl)astryofln-

din, composed of suet, coarse menl, sugarand spices; the word may also be used forour gingerhread.

Of£Fr la-ffg \". la- ca.~'fR' la-too turban GI,..

~'_'q~' la-dlCeigs, a!solllor-yu{, Ladag, La·~ dik, prv\·ince in tbe \'lliley of thr

Indus lietween mtia-ris and Bl'llti, inhabitedby TibetaDs aDd formerly beloD.';iug to Ti­bet, afterwards an independent kingdom,but rccently conquered by Gulab Singh ofKashmere and bindooized as much as pos­sible by his son and Sllccessor; capitnlLe.

~'.q'''9' ~·.q·.a::r,. ld-pa-Sa or lci-pa-il"!}, 'II Cs.akindofuppergar-

lI1eot without a girdle.r-.jif lei-po buttennilk, boiled, hut not yet

dried iuto vermicelli (iftil'-ha).r-.j'e-l:I'f ld-jlu!l radish, bod ld-jmg the OODl-

man black mdish, ni f. i lyYa !d-JluffII red species, of an acidulous tl1ste. TileCllrfot (DaUC'1t8 carola) is in G: also col.called la-pug sir-po. - la-bdlil', gen. "«W-

I

</<//*, a contrivance for grating radi>ln->,

cither made of wood, or consisting of a

i|uait/.-Mtuir with a crystallized, rough sur-

face.

q'q* Id-ba v. la II.

Will. :ka woolen blanket or

cloth;a sort of deer'; skrai Iwd-ba Sty. frq.

a kind of woolen cloth. The seat of Buddhais often a slab resembling a Iwd-ba Do.

|* la-ma Sch. : a certain herb.

la-ma-sro raspberry Kun.

la-Jjir Cs., also la-gor Sch., quick,

swift, speedy, Kyod ma Odug ma Odug

la-jir denMil. make haste, go without stop-

ping (on the road).

la-yogs retribution, punishments

overtaking a sinner during this

life (cf. Ian-cogs) C., W.',*la-yog fob yin*

that will come home to you! Sch. has la-

yogs-pa to return, to come back (?).

!;? la-re W. a sort of long-legged and

swift -moving centiped, frequent in

houses.

C., B. (is said to be pronouncedla-la in Sp., but Thgy. sometimes ac-

centuates Id- la, according to the metre)

some, a few;when put twice : partly partly,

what what; la-la ziy also as a singular:

some body, some one Dzl. W-, 1 .

fjrfjraC' Id-la-pud a medicinal herb; in LA.' a Bupleurum.

fcj'^f la-so Sch. list (of cloth), selvage.

I* la-siH/s v. soys.

Qicn* la9->

a^so dbon-lay, dyon-lay, Sch.'. little,' not much.

ldg(-pa) 1. resp. pyay, hand, arm.

*ldy-pa tdn-ce*W. to shake hands,

also to offer one's hand, as a pledge of faith

(for C. v. mdzug-gti); lay pa-nas gju-ba to

take, to seize by the hand Dzl.; lay-pai

ryyab or bol the back of the hand; Idy-pai

mdun the palm of the hand Cs. ; Idg-tu Un-

pa to take in hand, to exercise, to practise,

QJ'flT

541

sgom-pa meditation Mil., Mg-d6n to studyand prartiM! the import of a word, to live

accordingly Mil., metaj)h.: mfn-ldf/ arm of

the sea, gulf, bay, m&o-laff-Jbrti narrow sea,

straits; /////J-A///, i/ul-ldg tongue of land, ////<-

lay-Qbrtl isthmus, neck of land C.; fig. for

power, authority, mil Idg-tu cyro-ba to getinto a person's power, to be at his mercy

Thyy., Idy-nas Oproy-pa to snatch out of a

person's hand, to deliver from another's

power Glr. 2. fore-paw; also paw or foot

in gen., e.g. foot of a cock Glr. 3. symb.num.: 2.

Comp. lay-kod bundle, bunch, armful,

sheaf of corn Ld. (?). lay-skor Ld. : hand-

mill. lay-Kug pouch, hand-bag Schr. lay-

myo \.lay-mgo tsam like a fist (?//., or ace. to

others : both hands put together in the shapeof a globe or ball. 2. a glove with only a

thumb, a mitten C. lag -gram leaning

one's head on the hand W. lay-rgyugs

railing. lag-rgyun accustomed manner,

use, habit Cs lag-ndr the fore-arm Wdn. -

ldg-ca utensils, tools, implements; object car-

ried in the hands, e.g. royal insignia at a

festival procession Glr.' also in a more gen.

sense, like cd-lay, Kor-yyoy ldg-ca dan

beds-pa ton zig supply servants and things

(wanted for the journey") ! Glr. lay-cdga broken hand, a lame hand Cs., Schr. -

"lag -cad" W. solemn promise by shakingor joining hands. lag-ijes 1. impression,

mark, of the hand, of the fingers. 2. a work

which immortalizes a person's name, lag-

/;}(* ojoy-pa to leave such a wrork behind

Glr. lag-nyd, one Le.r. has: lay-nyds=

sf&r-mtfan-med-par Im-pa to take what is

not given, hence lag-nya prob. a sbst. : a

grasp, a snatch. *lay-nydr* W. for lay-

/Kir. lag -tig (or dig?) travelling-bag,

pouch Ld. lag-rtags 1. resp. pyay-rtdys

q.v., sign or mark made with the hand, as

a seal of verification, impressed on a legal

document, but often only with the finger

dipped in ink. 2. any small object, e.g. a

needle, which the deliverer of a letter has

to hand over together with the letter; pre-

sent in general? lag-stdbs Sch. lag-

llU,..., fI, contrivtUlce for gNl.tillg rAdishes,either made of wood, or consisting of :\qUllru.~tonc with II crystRllizl·d, rough SUI'·

fncc.

l1l'~' l«-ba ,.. fa n.aJ'.:::r crrw /lcd-ba, [wd-wII, &1.:. 'lPifl!I',

<I ' <l:1 Will.: 'll. woolen IJlnnket orcloth; a S()rt of deer'; d'/,ui {,C'd-ba Stg. frq.u kind of woolCD clotl!. Tile seat of BuddllRis often /I. 811\b resembling", lrt'dAm Do.

cr"!' [a.."lu ScI,.: " cert:liu herb.

l1l';.j'~ la-'lll(l~I'd raspberry K'It1I.

r..n:;%\ 1","~lu' til., ulso la-g6r Sell., quick,~ swift, speedy, Ityrxl fila "dug fila "dU{}

la-~Tjr odeli/l/il. make bnslc,go without stoll­pillg (on the road).flli'f~'l' fa- !/0g3 retribution, punishments

o\'ertaking l\ sinner during thislife (cf. lan-cugs) C., IV.; "lu-!JOy fob yin"that ..... ill come borne to you! Sell. has la­Y'J!Js-pa to return, to come oo.ck (?).r..r~· la-re W. a sort of long-legged and

swift· moving centilled, frequent inhouses.Q,j'Q,j' lA-la C., B. (is said to bo pronounced

la~ld in Sp., but '1'I'[I!I. sometimes nc­centuates /d.la, according to the melre)some, a few; when put twioo: parUy- partly,what - what; l{/~lu zig also liS a singultu':sOlDe body, some one D:1. VIJ, 1.Q,j'lll'~~' ld-la·ftud l\ medicinal berb; in LI,.

a Buplcurum.

r..f.~ llJA{) Sel,. list (of cloth), sel'lage.

(.l..l.~~~. la-$Qy$ v. I#')(jf.

r..t:n0 lag, lliso dbOn~lag, dgol/.1ay,&ll.: little,"1 not ruuch.

~::q-(:n ldg(.pa) 1. resll·llyag, hand, arm,·ldg.pa ta,i· U·W. to shake hnnds,

aho to offcr one's 11I1lId, ns 1\ pledgc of fuith(for C. v. 1I1tb'g-gu); lag }HNla3 .,jit·QU totllke, to seize by tbe lmnd D::l.; lag.pail"!Jyub or 60l tho back of the Ilnnd; lug-painulun the palm of the hand Or.; ld!J~tu Un­pa to take in hand, to exercM, 10 praetise,

!iii

3961/1.pa meditation Mil., (,fg-Mlj to studynnd prl\Cti~e tho import of l\ .....ord, to livenccordiugly Mil., motllph.: mf'l).ldfj arm 01the sea, gulf, bay, 7II(.0-lU!J~.,b~l narrow sell,straits; gli,j-ldg,!jUl.ldg tongue of laud, gliti~

lag·obl-il isthmus, neck of land C; lig. forpower, authority, "Iii tdg·tu c!f'"6..va to gctioto II. person's power, to be lit bis mercyTl'!I!h ld[l.mu Jfroo-pa to suateh out of nperson's hand, to deliver from another'spower GIl'. - 2. fore-paw; also paw or 1001in gen., e.g. foot of a cock Gil'. - 3. symu.nuUl.: 2.

Compo lag ·1.:00 bundle, bunch, armful,~henf of corn 1.4.,(?). -l(U~rJr Lei.: hand­mill. -lag-Ifuy pOUCh, hand-bagSeJ,r,-lag~m,q6 1.lag-111f1O t8am like II fistGlr., or ace, tootlJerS: both hands put togfther in theshnpllof a ~lobe or baR '2. /l. glove with only athumu, 0. mitten C. - la[l~g,.dm leaningone's head on the hnnd 1Y. - lag.''f/!J"gsrailing. - lag.rfl!Jun l\Ccuslomed mMner,use, habit (8 - lag.ildl· the fore-arm Wdri.­lriy.;:a utensils, tools, implements; object ear~ned in the hands, e.g. royal insignin. I\t afesti\'Il1 procession Glr.; I\lso in a more gen.sense, like cd-lag, i ..'ol·.ygQg lrig.ca datiQc!b-pa (o,j zig sUPI,ly sen'ants nod things(wanted for the journey)! Gil.. - lag.'fdgn broken ha.nd, flo lalUe Imnd (.a., &hl'. ­"lag. cad" W. solemn l'ronlise by shnkioR:or joining hands. - lafJ-Jjh 1. impression,mark, of the lmnd, of the fingers. 2. n work.which immol't:alil:es u perSQn's uame, lag.rjes J&rrPfl to lelwe such l~ work bellindGIl'. -lag-Il!Ju, one Lu. hilS: lag·lIyUs_stlr-mA'all.",ed.par lill-pa to take what isnot given, hence lag.n!!(/, pl'ob. a shst.: Ilgrasp, a snateh. - "lag·ngdr" W. for lag.,ial'. - lay - tig (or dig1) lravelling.b.'g,I,ouch Ld. - lag.rtags I. 1'~8p·l'!!ag-I·tdg'

q. v., l>ign or mark ronde wilh the hlWd, I\<>

Il seal of "crification, impressed on IL legaluocument, Lut often only with the fingerdipped iu ink. 2. any small object, e. g. "needle, which the deli"crer of a letter hiS

to hllDd over to~lber "ith the leuer; pre·sen~ in geuer,,}? - lafJ-Itdbs Sell. - lag-

542

"j' ldgs-pa 'q' ldn-ba

fen, lag-mfil the palm of the hand. -

lag-dam Mil., lag-ddm-po C. close-fisted,

stingy, niggardly. lag-dar Lex., prob.

the same as Idb-ddr ( PP. col.) grater. lag-

ydub bracelet. lag-bde Mil., C., the per-

son that pours out the tea at a tea-carousal.

-lag- don Cs. a vassal or subject paying

his landlord in money or kind, opp. to rkan-

^ro who performs his services as an er-

rand-goer or a porter. lag- rdum Mil.

having a mutilated or crippled hand. lag-

Iddn having a hand or a trunk, hence =

elephant, Cs. lag-brdd sign or signal made

by the hand, beckoning. lag-na-rdo-rje,

lag-rdor v. rdo-rje. lag-na-yzon-fogs Cs.

'holding a basin in his hand', n. of a deity.

lag-snod lag-tig. lag-dpon work-

master, overseer, esp. builder Dzl., Glr.

lag-pijis a piece of cloth for wiping the hands,

towel, napkin. lag-bubs v. Jbub-pa. lag-

ber walking-staff. lag-mi bail, surety.-

lag-dmdr C. hangman.--

lag-btsug shoot,

scion. lag-fsigs joint of the hand, wrist;

elbow-joint. lag-yzuns, W. *lag-zum*, ba-

lustrade, banister, railing. Idg-yyog-pa

companion, assistant, associate. lag-risthe lines in the palm of the hand Sch. -

lag-Un, resp. pyag-len, Sch. also lag-stabs,

practice, practical knowledge, dexterity, Cs.:

cos -kyi lag

- Un the practice of religion,

Krims-kyi of the law, rtsis-kyi of mathe-

matics. lag-subs glove.

ldgs-pa, resp- and eleg. for yin-paand Ogyur-ba, to be; Idgs-so like

yin, as answer to a question : so it is ! yesto be sure! very well! at your service! Whena Lama asks a shepherd : Kyed-kyi min ci

yin what is your name? the latter answers:

N.N. byd-ba lags my name, if you please,

is N.N., and asks on his part : bld-ma Kyedci skad bi/d-ba lags what may be the nameof your Reverence ? Mil. de Kycd Idgs-

sam is it you, Sir? Pth. ; dge-slon de su lags

who is this reverend gentleman? Dzl.; ci

Itar lags-pa (for gyur-pa] ysol-pa he re-

ported (to Buddha) what had happened,

Dzl.; bld-ma-la bzugs-grogs med-pa lags-sam Mil. has your Reverence no attendant?

ltd-ba ma laqs-kui that does not mean : toe/ i/

behold, but . . . Dzl.; ^on-ba ci lags 'what

is it that this comes here?' i.e. how does

this happen to come here? Glr.; rje ci lags

what is that, Sir? (when one is surprised

at any thing strange or unaccountable, at

an unreasonable demand etc., also when we

should say: God forbid!) Glr.; yin lags,

yda lags, yod lags there is, it is Glr.;zal-

zds ysol Idgs-nas when we shall have done

dining Dzl.;a Lama asks : btsal-le (== btsal-

lam} have you looked for it? and the dis-

ciple answers: btsal lags yes, I have! Mil.;

in addressing a person : bld-ma lags (prop :

you that are a Lama) for the mere voca-

tive case, c5 ISQSV, Mil., frq. In W. lags

is not in use now (cf. however le 3), but in

C. it is of frq. occurrence, e.g. in Lhasa: *la,

la-so, Id yo\ la yin* for: yes, Sir! very well,

Sir! *laf la-am? la-sam?* please? what did

you say?

J" ldgs-mo W. clean, for legs-pa.

lan-ka Ceylon, lan-ka-pu-ri city of

the Rakshasain Ceylon, which island

is the abode of these beings, according to

the belief of many people in Tibet and

northern India even at the present day;lan-kar ysegs-pai mdo the Sutra Lankdva-

tdra in the Kangyui:

^ &K-wa)-fow(-w0) weak,y i v

e.g. irom hunger, disease

Ld.

Ian-fan Scopolia praealta Don., a

common weed with pale yellowish

flowers Med.; mLh. a species ofHyoscyamus,of frq. occurrence, seems to be understood

by the same name.

ldn-ba (provinc. lou-bd), pf. lans,

imp. lon(s),~ Idan-ba, I. to rise, to

get up, da Ions get up now ! also with yar

(pleon.); lans-te sdod-pa to stand, Lt. and

col.; to arise, e.g. of a contest W., C.; to

go away, to depart, esp. fig., of the night:

nam Idns-te at daybreak ;to come forward,

to Step forth, from among the crowd Do.;

pyir ldn-ba to recover, to be restored, to

grow well, to COme to one's self, after a faint-

-

Un. - lag -lIlfil tile palm of the IUlod.­lag-ddm Mil" lug-dam- fHJ C. close·fisted,stingr. niglfltrdly. - lay-dar I,u., prob.tile sa-mc as lab-dd,' (IV. col.) grater.-l'lg­}'dilb bracelet. - lag-Me Mil., C, the pe....SOil that pours out tlie Ie:' :\t II. ten-curollSal._ lag-cddn (s. n vassal Of subject payinghis landlord in mone)' OJ' kind, opp. to l'J.:aii­.sr6 who performs ilis services as no er­rand-goer or a porter. - lag -NiUm Mil.having lllllUtilawd or crippled Imnd.-lag­lddll baving n hand or a trunk, hence_elephant, [8. - lag-brda sign or signallllndcby the band, beckoning. - lay-na-l'dJ-tje,lw,;-rdar v. 1'dJ..lje. - lag-na-r~,i-(Q[J8 (,8.'holding II basin in his hund', n. of n dlity.- 14g-3nQd -lag-li9' - lag-dpdn work­master, overseer, esp. builder Dzl., Gll'. ­lap-p!Jfs 1\ piece of cloth forwiping the hands,towel, napkin. - lag-Min v. /n'b-pa. lag­ber walking-staff. - lag-JIll bail, surety. ­lag-dmdr C. hangman. - lag-btsug shoot,scion. - lag-fsigs joint of the hand, wrist;elbow·joint -lag-yziun, II'. "lag-::tml", ba·lustrade, banister, roiling. - tag-yyog-pacompanion, assistant, associate. - lag- ri3the lines in the palm of the Imod &h. ­lag-lin, resp. ,;yog-Un, Belt. also lag-stab&,practice, practical knowledge, dexterity, (,'s. .­Cds - klJi lU[J - Un the practice of religion,~friIll3_kyi of the law, rtm-kyi of !Datbe­matics. - lag-sum glove.~~~':r lJgs-pa, resp. and cleg. {or yin-pa

and 09yUJ'-ua, to be; lUgs-so likeyill, as lUIswer 10 a question: so it is! )'esto be sure! very well ! otyour service! WhenlL Lama asks II she!llierd: 1l1JM-kyi mili ~i

!lfn whati~ your name? the latter answers:N. N 0Jd-ba laf13 my name, if you please,is N.N., and asks on his part: bfd-Illa J..!yedN skad b!Jd-ua lags whnt may be the nameof your Reverence? Nil. - de /tyed !dgB­aam is it )'QU, Sir? Pth.; dgC-8wn de su lUfPwho is this re\'erend gentleman? DzL; Ciltal" lllfP-pa (for .qgul·-pa) ysol-pa he re­ported (to BuddlJa) whllt hdd happened,Dd.; bld.-ma-la [,;;ug3-grog' tMd-pa IUfP­aam Mil. bns your l:l:evcl'enee no ~tt.endant"

i!l e

l:.ll:.·,::r lWi-ba

Itd-bu ma Id[J3-kyi thot does not mean: (()behold, but ... D::L; <o,i-ba Ci lUffl 'whatis it that tbis COlues bere?' i.e. how docsthis happell (() come hcre? Oir.; '''je Ci lufPwhat is that, Sir? (when one is surprisednt lilly thing ~Irnnge or uuaceoulllnble, lltan l.Ulrea~olJauledemand etc., !l1i<Q when we$lIoul(1 say: God forbid!) Glr.; yill lay!,fda lagt, yIX! lug! there is, it is GI,..; iul­ZIU ywl Mgt-lieU! when we shall havc donedining lJzl.; II Lama asks: btsal-le (= utsal­lam) hMe you looked for it~ nud the dis­ciple answers: 013allags yes, I ha"e! Mil.;in addressing 1I person: bld-11Ia lag8 (prop:you that are a Lama) for the mere voca­tive case, r1J le(leii, Mil., frq, - In IV. lafflis not in use now (cf. however Ie 3), but inC. it is offrq, occurrence, e.g, in Lhasa: ·M,la-so, la yg', ld !lin" for: yes, Sir! vcrywell,Sir! "ltl"! &'-am' la-sum? please'? what did),ou say? '

l;~~';f ldgs-1/W W. clean, for ligt·pa.

e.t1:.''TJ' lan-ka Ceylon, lmi-~'a-pu-I"i city oftheRnksbnsain Ceylon, which island

is tile abode of these beings, accordiug to

tile belief of many people iii Tibet anduortheru India even at Ihe prescnt Jay;Imi-kur r~"!Is-pai md<> the Sul,'u LaiJ.:riru­tlira in the KUllfJ!JW'.~C·(I:.')arl:.·(~') lali(-lia)-loli(-ne) .weak,

e.g. from hunger, d,seo:,elAoI1lC·~I:.· hili-fa,; Scopolia pl'aealiu D(!1l., a

common weed with pale ye1lowislJflowcrs Med.; inLJI. aspeciesofHyoscyamus,of frq. occurrence, seeJll'> to be understoodby the same name.I::!I'"'."" bili-ua (pl'o\'inc. IIM-ba), pf. lairs,,,~

imp. WI'(S), = ldmi-bu, T. to rise, toget up, da loli. get up now! 11180 with !Jur(picon.); IUJi8-fe sdod-pa to stand, LI. nodcol; to arise, e.g. of a contest W:, C.; togo away, to deport, esp. lig.,.-.{lf tile night:nalll !d48-te at daybreak.; to come IOlWard,to step forth, f,"Qm among the crowd Do.;Fyi/' 1Illl-ba to recover, to be restored, tosrg ,'fell, to come to one'. SI", after a faint-

Inn-kan

ing lit />./.: //,///-/'<// nn-ro laiix-pa /////the

dying embers of religion were blown into

a Hum.- again Glr.: to appear, to break out,

iif a disease, m/<7-A//;.s-</Vs when n disease

i< in its lirst beginnings IA. II. lait-ba

ami loit-lnt. pf. foristo come up to, to arrive

at. to be equal, to reach, Odi Ion son with

this it is made up, that will do 6'.; Odn'n-

<////* HHI lit/i lit.: the serving up (of manydishes) would not do, i.e. there would be

no end of serving up Mil.', gr&At-kyi Id/'t-

ba to be numerable Mil., cf. also cu (init.)

andr)<H/-j>(t ('xtr.).

l<<ii-fxo youth, youthful age, dei Idn-

fso-lama cdgs-pas not falling in love

with, not being enticed or led away by their

youthful appearance Glr., lan-fso rgyds-pas

grown up to adolescence; lan-fsoi dpal the

charms of youth J'f//.; Idn-fto&in-moiydonthe face of the youthful Srinmo Glr.; lan-

fso-can Cs. adolescent, young; lan-fso-ma

girl, maiden Sb.

ldn-lin-ba Sch. to be in a con-

fused whirling motion (v. Ion-

Ion}; laii-ma-lin Mil. seems to be a word

descriptive of the rising of a cloud, of the

soaring of a bird of prey, sprin-dkdr lan-

ma-liii.

"

laii-loft v. lan-na-loh-itc.

htH-xdr ( K. stubbornness, obstinacy.

adj. lan-sor-can; sometimes lii-

sor (without can) seems to be also used ad-

jectively, e.g.: Odre fynl-jiti* liiii-xor bdg-

cac/s yin Mil. evil passion is more obstinate

(i.e. more difficult to be got rid of) than ye

hobgoblins.

Idd-pa Cs. weak, faint, exhausted, of

men and animals; blunt, dull, of

knives; Sch. also rotten, decayed.

Ojr-^rIdd-mo imitation. I(id- mo bytd-p<i />' .

C., *co-ce*, gyab-ce* W., to imitate,

to mimic, to say after, xi<'>n-lamOdi-xk<nl

Ixluij-iii /ti,/~ f/tn t/i//s >ay after me the follow-

ing prayer Thyr.', /^W-Xyy/ l<'nl-nio /,

r

//r</-/;///.s

titi fnii Mil. you cannot imitate me.

Ian (orig. perh. : 'turn', hence) : 1 . time,

times, lan-ycig \. once, onetime. 2. also

dus-lan-ycig Glr. once, one day, both as to

tin- past and the future. 3. once for all, de-

cidedly Glr. \. for this time, first, first of

all, before all, *lani-ig l{-ka Qdt co* this

work must be done first of all; da-Ian id.;

Ian ynyis twice, lan-bcu ten times etc.; Ian

Ixlnn (nam) ysum seven times or three times,

li<|in rules about ceremonies; b&gor-ba Ian

n i ('n't-du byds-te circumambulating round it

many times Mil.;Ian gram dpag-tu-med-

pa innumerable times Thgy.; W.: *zi Ian

nyi la fsam j>el* how many are 2 times 4?

bzi Ian ynyis-la brgyad x"// ~> times 4 are 8.

- 2. return, retribution, retaliation, Ian bytd-

pa ( W. *c6-ce*}, Ian jdl-ba to return, re-

taliate, repay; pdn-lan ynod-pas or legs-pai

Ian nyes-pas jdl-ba B., *pem-p<j l?n-la no-

pa jhe'-pa* 6'., *pdn-pe Idn-la nod-pa co-

ce* W. to return evil for good; *lan-zo co-

ce W. to show gratefulness, to be grateful;

punishment, . . . bHtg-^as Ian dwj that is the

punishment for having allowed... Glr. ; Ian

Un-pa, W.: *lan kor-ce, tdii-ce, dug-Ian Idon-

ce*,to take vengeance, to revenge one's self;

miff-la miff-Ian so-la so-lan srog-la srog-lan

eye for eye, tooth for tooth, life for life;

dei Idn-la in return for that; Ian-grans a

number of retributions Ttyy.; drin-lan re-

compense for benefits received, requital of

a good action, bzan-ldn id., dei bzdn-lan-

du as an acknowledgment for it Glr. ; hence

nan-Ian signifies: taking revenge for an in-

jury received, returning evil for evil, not

as Cs. gives : bzan-lan gratefulness, nan-Ian

ungratefulness (?) 3. answer, reply, fyod-

kyi )'suii-ba dei Idn-du as answer to your

majesty's question Glr.\ Ian Od^bs-pa frq.,

also Ottbs-pa, klon-pa, Idon-paDzl., W. *zcr-

ce* to answer; lanysol-ba, zu-ba id. in an-

swering to the questions of a person superior

by rank, age or office, lanmdzdd-pa if he,

the superior, answers; ytdm-lan gl>t-yi$ jalI answer to the speech by a song Mil. : drin-

lan an answer to a question. /rin- Ian a

reply to a dispatch received, /7,W-Am Cs.

a defendant's reply (in law), yig-lan answer

to a letter.

"-*''''- /'"'-//'"' railing,

fence, enclosure NA/. : /

ing fit D:l.; ~[ri"-l)(lifI,c-ro ldtil-p" yill tiledying emhers of l'eligioll were blown int(lII nlilue l\gain Gk; to appear, to break out,of II. (li~el\"e, nad-la,jl·tlll' when II ,1iliClI.SCi'l in its fil's~ bl.'ginnings U. - II. la,j-balt/ld loli-Qll, pf. 10li, to come up 10, to nrrive:1\, to be equal, to reach, 0(/1 loti ro,i withthis it is lIIadc up, that will do C.; oJrbl­!JY" nUl lwi lit.: tllC serving up (of nHlnydislilS) would not do, i.e. there would beno cod of serving Ull Nil.; !J,.,i,j~-k!Jis M,i­b" to he lIumemble Mil., ef. nlso "la (init.)llild ,jdd-l'a (extr.).r...,lt:::::t iIi,i-flJl) youth, youtllful np;e, dl'i.M,j-

fsa.la ma "Efi!Js.pm not fulling in lovewit II, nut being i!nticed or leu llwny by theiryouthfuluppe:mlnce Glr., M,i-fro rg!JUs1H1.sgrown up to lIodolescence; la,i-froi tlpal thecharms of youth l-'tl,.; M,l-fro ,,.in_moi )"tlo,;tlll:- fuce oCtbe )'outhful Srintno Glr.; la,i­{3(j.Can £.,. mlole~cell~, young; l'lIi-fso-magirl, IlIllidell Sb.1':.1~:~',:::r Mli-lili-I.m Sci,. to be in a coo-

fused whirling motion (v. loti­lo,i); w,i-ma·l/,i Mil. seems to be n word,lcscriptive of the rising of n. cloud, of thesollring of n bird of prey, tprin-tlkd,. lali­ma-li,i.

-~r...,rc::.~::.. lail-ldli \'. Iwi-III,_lo,j_,;e.

t:.!::"~' la·~_M,.. ~,. stubbornness..obstinacy,ndJ. lall-sdr-?U1lj sometuues Imi­

';0" (witllout ('un) seem~ te be nlso used IId­jecti\'e1r, e.g.: "dl't ~'yCtf-Jlas lJiI·';Qr /.xig­cays yin .Mil. c\'i1llnssion is more ob",tillnte(i.e. more difficult to be got rid of) tlll\n yehobgoblins.~~'~' ldd..pa (:8, weak, laint, exhausted, of

meo :met I\niml\ls; blunt, dull, ofknives; &11. 1\1,;0 rollen, decayed.l:.l~';f Idd.-n1(J imitation, lJd-1IIo b!JIIl-pa n,

c., oro-ceo, !JYuIJ..U· liZ, to imitate,to mimic, to say afler, 'lJlo'l-lU1'l .di-skad!xlii!J-!J; lthl-mo g!JilJ SU)' :dter me thc follow­ing Ilnlyel' '1'1'9"'; .iM-kg; ltid-1IIQ J:.lJI'd-J.:IJ'"slIli ~Qli Nil. rou cnnoot imitllte me.~_. lall (orig. perh.: 'turn', hence): J. time,~ times, fmt-}'N!J l.once, ou,time. 2.l\lso

dus-w.t-rUg GIl', once, one dny, both as to

tlle past lind the future. 3. once for nil, tic­cidedly Gil'. I. for this tilll<:O, ljn;t, first of1111, b<:ofore all, °lan ti!J f;·ka .(Ii Ctt° tltis....ork must be done first of I'll; da·[rin id.;fan f1i9'"s !wice, lm,..bi':u wn limes etc.; IanIxltm ('lam) )'SuII/seven timesor three timCB,fr'l' in rules nbouteeremonies; ~gdr·ba I(m,mlJi-Ju byas-te eircumumbulntiug round itUluny times Mil.; Ian !Jl'uiI, dpag-tu-1Ilid­J'u innumerllble tiu.les 'l'/l9Y'; W: on Iann.!Ji la [smillie/" how rollny nre t times 4?bZi Ian f1/yis-Ia b"Vyud 8/)1; 2 times 4 are 8,- 2. return, retribution, retaliation, lall byld­1'" (W °i..-o-ceO), Ian .,jdl-ba to return, re­taliate, repaYi lilin-lan rOOd-pas or Ugs-]J(lilUll n!Jh-pas Jlil-ba 11., 0#m-pr l.:n.-Ia 1I(i'­pa jM-pao U" °l'dn-pr llin-la nOd-pa (-0­

ceo W: to return evil for good; °lan-zd i..00­ce Ii'. to show grntefulness, to be gl1lterul;punishment, ' .. bi:lig1xu Ian dllg lhnt is theJlunishment for having allowed •.. Gbo.; LanIhi-pa, Jv.: °lan J,-or-i:e, tthi-cr, dUfj-Iafl {.lon­ceO,to take YengelUlee, to re\'enge one's self;mlg-Ia mig-Ian 16-la 8~lall !frog-la ir6y-lalleye for eye, tooth for tooth, life for life;dei lUn-la in return for that; lo.n-gnifi' 1\

number of retributions TI49Y.; drin-lall re­compense for benefits received, requital ofII. good action, bzan-ldn id., cki b.:d';-ltm­dft liS nn ncknowlcdgment for it Glr.; !Jcllce..an-Ian signifies: tllking revenge for lin in­jUI'y reoei\'ed, returning evil for evil, notIlS (8. giles: b':(IJ;··lal~Jl"rntefulness, ,io......lanungrlltefulnes«(?) - 3. answer, reply, ("dd­kyi )'SNli-lta dei ldJl,du lIS anSwer to )'OUrmajesty's qnestioll Glr.; {all ol/lN?1 frIJ.,1\lso /U,8-pa, kldll-pU, ldon-]J(l /).:1., W: °zer_ceo to answer; /all rW/./m, zu-bo. id. in 1111­

s .....eriDl:l" to the questions of a [ICr""O <1uperiorby rtlllk, age or ofGcc,-ltmllldzlid-l'a if he,the sUllerior, IInSWers; )"lIim-/lm gIH-!Ji, JaLInnswe!' to the speech hy l/. :;.ong Mil.; (/,';s­

lall lin nnswer to 1\ qlle~tion, /irill-lml IIreply to n dispatch re~i ...e.l, d,M-lan Cr.a defendllllL's rcply (in In"'). yl!J-I<ll1 answerto a letter.~~'",:- ~~.~IAII-kaJI, MII-g(w railing:.

~, fence, enclosure Sf9.; I..u.:-1iU-ill.

544

lan-skydr lam

lan-skydr W. prob.=

Ian, retribu-

tion, return, *de lan-kydr yin* that

is all he has gained by it!

lan-gyog Thgy., prob.=

lan-cags;

or perh. the original form of la-

yogs f

lan-cdgs misfortune, adversity, ca-

lamity, as a supposed punishmentfor what has been done in a former life;

every unlucky accident, that happens to a

person without his own fault, being looked

upon as a retribution for former crimes.

Thus lan-cags denotes about whatNon-Bud-

dhists would call destiny, fate, disaster.

p...-. ldn-bu braid, plait, tress of hair (Cs.^ ^

curl, lock of hair? Sch. pigtail?) ldn-

bu sle-ba or Ihe-ba to make plaits, to plait

the hair; lan-fsdr ornaments, worn in the

hair Mil.

m*'j(* Idn-fsa, more accurately lahfsa (ace.

to Hodgson corrupted from f^fl) n -

of a style of writing in use among NepaleseBuddhists. It is a kind ofornamental writing,

used by caligraphists for inscriptions and

titles of books.

OJ5\*rf("^an~ swa sa 't> prob. = fswa, Idn-fswa

' ** cu-la tim-pa salt which dissolves in

water Thgy.; Idn-fswa Ka-zds kun-gyi bro-

ba skyed salt gives a relish to every dish

S.g. ;Idn-tswai cu salt-water Lex.; Idn-fsica-

ba saline, briny Med.

"lab-bddr v. la-bddr in la-pug.

lab-pa to speak, talk, tell, mi-la malab do not tell anybody Mil.; rdzun-

ytam lab-pa Bhot. to lie, to utter a false-

hood;lab fsol-ba Sch. : 'to speak unseemly,

to brawl(?)'. lab tsdm-pa Sch.: to speakwhile dreaming, to be delirious, lab yton-ba Cs

, *lab gydb-ce* W. to talk, to chat; *Kd-

lab-cen* eloquent, fluent of words 6'., W.\

rgya-ldb a great deal of talk, rgya-ldb-can

talkative C., W.

Comp. ldb-ga Cs., *ldb-ca* C., W. talk.

lab-grogs Mil. companion, intimate friend

Mil. lab-rdol talking unbecomingly Sch.

*ldb-ra* (prop. Idb-sgra} 'noise of tattling',

tattle, talk, *ldb-ra tdh-ce* W. to chat, babble.

- *lab-lob or lab-lo*, with *g>jdb-ce* to

speak indistinctly, to mumble; to speak in

one's sleep; *lab-Ub-te (lul* he walks speak-

ing in his sleep, he is a somnambulist W.

Idb-tse a heap of stones in which a

pole with little flags is fastened, esp.

on mountain passes Schl. 198.

lam 1. way, road, lam-cdn, rgyd-lam,ston-lam Cs.

,*md - lam* W. highway,

main road, high-road; gyen-lam an up-hill

road, an ascent, fur-lam a dowu-hill road,

pred-lam, rtsibs-lam a horizontal or a sloping

road, that leads alongside a hill, lam-prdna narrow footpath, lam dog-mo a strait path,

lam ydnspa a broad one; *lam de-mo* a

good, easy road, *lam s6g-po* a difficult,

dangerous, road W.; lam far the road is

open, may be passed, is not obstructed bysnow etc. Glr.

;lam byed-pa Sch., *lam co-

ce, sdl-ce* W. to clear a path, to construct

a road; rgya-gdr-gyi lam or rgya-gar-du

Ogro-bai lam, the way to India Pth.; gri-lam

the way of the knife, i.e. a cut, slit, slash; *'z-

ne dud-pe lam* here is the way for the

smoke, here the smoke escapes W. 2. way,

space or distance travelled over, journey,

Idm-du on the road, on the journey; bal-

bod-kyi lam the journey from Nepal to Ti-

bet Glr.}Idm-du )ug-pa to set out, to travel,

also: to continue one's journey, lam-pyedtsdm-du pyin-pa dan as we had done about

half the way Dzl.,Idm-nas ldog-pa to return

home from a journey, Krus-la Ogro-bai Idm-

du when he went to bathe Dzl. 3. 7nf?T,

fig. way or manner of acting, in order to

obtain a certain end; t'dr(-pai) lam the way

of deliverance, viz. for Buddhists: from the

cycle oftransmigrations, for Christians : from

sin and its consequences; hence the wayto happiness, to eternal bliss. The six (some-

times only five) classes of beings (v. O gro-

bd) are sometimes called the six ways of

re-birth within the orb of transmigration.

In mystical writings lam Ina are spoken of

as the ways leading to the sa bcu (q. v.)

Thgy.; lam(-gyi) rim(-pa) Cs.: 'a degree of

advance; the several steps towards perfec-

tion';also the title of sundry mystical writ-

544

r.l.la'~~' lan-d'!Jdl' IV. prob. -- lall, relribu­-1:.:J lion, N!tum, ·ae lan./cydl· yin* tl13t

is all he has gained by it!c...~'~' lan-gyOg TI,yy., prob. - lail-lJays;

or perh, the original form of la·ydys1~~V lan-cags mIsfortune, adversity, ca-

lamity, as R supposed punishmentfor wl111t bllS been done in a former life;c\'ery unlucky accident, that happens to aper~on without his own fault, being lookedupon as u. retribution for former crimes.'nuswn-lagsdenotcs about whatNon-Bud­dhists would caU destiny, fale, disaster.

r.l.l~'.:r hin--bu braid, p[al~ tress of hair ((4.'" curl, lock of ba.ir? Self. pigtail?) M.n­

bu slt-ba or lM-W to make plaits, to plaitthe hair; lan-tsdl' ornaments, worn in thehnir Mil.r.l.l~a;:' ldn-{sa, more a.ccurnt.ely lahfsa (ace.

to Hodgson corrupted from WT) n.of a style of wriling in use among NepaleseBuddhists. Itisakindofornamental writing,used by caligl'llphisls for inscriptions andtitles of books.r.l.l~ z.: Mn-(sICa sal~ (Irob. = (SICa, ldn-(slta~ c,i-la tim-pa salt which dissolves in

water Thgy.; ldn-(.w:G fla-zrls kUn-gyi br6­ba J.:yed salt gives l\ relish to el'ery dishS.g.; !dn-tSlrul Cu salt-water La.; lJn·uII'a·ba saline, briny Aled.

r.l.l=f'.q.l:)~ lab-lxld.1' v. la-bdtil' in la-pv{j.

r..l=f'=f ldb-pa 10 speak, talk, ten, ml-la malab do not teU anybody Mil.; rdzun­

flam lUb-pa fllwt. to lie, to utter a fal,;e.­1100d; lab fs61.fJa &11.: 'to sp<'ak ullseemly,to brawl(?)'. -lab t;,dm-pa Self.: to speakwhile dreaming, to he delirious. lab ft<Jij·

ba (', *lab !/ydb-U' IV. to talk, 10 chat; */Cd­lab·ecn- eloquent, fluent of words C., 11'.;r[Jya,.lr1b l\ great denl of talk, rY.'1a-ldh..cUl<talkative C., 1V.

Compo ldh-.'1Q LB., -!db-ca* C., lV. talk.-lab"""9I'Oy~ Mil. companion, intimate frielldMil. - lab-rdiJltalking unbecomingly &h.- -ltib-l·u- (prop. hib-sYl'a) 'noise of tatdin~',tattle, talk, -l.ib-I'a Mn-cf* W. to chal, babble.

i

~wm

- -lab-lAb or lalrw., witl. *g!Jab-;:e- tospollk indistinctly, to mumble; to speak inone's sloe[); -IQb·ldb~te /ll.ll~ he walks speak.ing in his sleep, he is a somnambulist IV.r.'.q'~ bW-tu a heap of stones in which a.... pole with little flags is IllStened, esp.on mountain passes&ld. 198.~ lam 1. way, road, lam~Un, 1'9!ld-lam,

sMri-lam (,3., *ma -lam- W. highway,main road, high-road; yyt!n-laln nn u[I.hillroad, an ascent, fur-lam a dowu.hill road,ired-lam, 1't;,lw-lam a horizontal or It slopingroad, that lends alongside a hill, lam-jJrdlla nalTow footpath, lam diJg-lIlo a strait path,lam ya,ispa a broad one; -lam (/i-'me* agood, easy rond, -lam siJ{j-po* n difficult,dangerous, road IV.; lam (d,. the rond isopen, may be passed, is not obsW'ucted bysuow etc. Gll'.; lam b!JU-pa Sc/i., -lam M­ee, sdl-i:e' W: to clear a pll.llJ, to constructl~ rond; 1'!I!J/l-gal'1/!Ji lam or r.'1ya.{ju,...duc{jrd-bai lam tl,e way to India Pth.; {lI'Mamtbe way olthe kuifc, i.e. a cut, sti~ slash; $'1·nr dUd-pr lam$ here is the way for thesmoke, hcrethesmoke escapes lV.- 2. way,space or distance travelled over, joumey,lam-au on the road, on the jonrney; bal­Md-J..'!ji lam lhe journey from Nepal to Ti­bet Gll'., ldm-du Jitg-pa to set out, to trlJ,\'el,also: to continue one's journey, lam-P)Jk/.t;,am-du ziyill-pa Jwj AJ> we had done abouthalf the way Dzl., ldm-naB ldiJg·pa to retllrnhome from a journey, Rrus-la oU'yj..bai lam­du when he went to bathe Dd. - 3, mflr,fig. way 01' manner of acting, in order toobtain a certain end; (dl\-pai) lam the wayof deli\'erance, \·iz. for Buddhists: from thecycle oftrfmsmigrations, for Christians: fromsin and its consequences; hence the way10 hnllpiness, toetemal bliss. The six (some­times only five) classes of beings (". 091'6­ba) arc sometimes calied the six ways ofre-birth within the orb of transmigration.In mystical writings lam bia lU'e ~poken ofas the ways lending to ~he sabi:u (q v.)Thgy.; lum(.gyi) rim(-pa) 0.: 'a degree ofadvance; the se\'ernl steps townrd~ perfec·tion'; also the title of sundr'.: mystical writ.-

lar

ings; Z'lb-liiin the profound method or way,tdiis-ltun methodofthe(proper)ipeAaa ("it'.)

.I///.: liln-nii'd-rdn-rjt'i l<un, col. m'tdgx-kyi

In in denotes the Uma-doctrine or mysticism,

v. <ll>i'i-tn<i- s/,-y,'n-/m ct'tH-/Hii, J>i-ii't-jiui\and

'>;'//-/><>/'lain three ways: tbut of a natural

(sinful) man, that of the more advanced

lieliever (but not: 'the happy mean' 6s.) and

that of the saint, or the walk and conver-

sation of the righteous, so also in draii-sroit-

<jilam the saint's or hermit's course of life;

tli/i'-ba bcui Ids-kyi lam spyod-pa to walk

the way of practising the ten virtues DzL

Comp. and deriv. ldm-ka prob.= lam,

Idm-ka-na (another reading ldm-Kar\ bythe road-side DzL lam-mtfan one well

acquainted with the road, a guide l*th., also

fig. lam-gol by-way, secret path Sch. -

- In nt-grogs fellow-traveller, travelling com-

panion. lam-rgyud = lam 3? lam-ryyitd

Ina DzL ?xS3> 18, the five classes of beings,

cf. ^gro-baYL. lam-rayus-pa Idm-mJcan.

lam-ccn Schr. = rgya-ldm. lam-rtdgsthe signs of the way being nearly accom-

plished i.e. the acquirements and perfections

of a saint Mil. lam-ltar-snan something

looking like a road, but a spurious, wrong

way Sch. lam-stegs seat, resting-place bythe way- side; also fig. Gl>: lam-mdo v.

mdo lam- dren-pa, lam-snd-pa guide.-

Idnt-pa, \. police-officer stationed on high-

roads for seizing thieves or fugitives; toll-

gatherer. 2. traveller, wayfarer Cs. 3. bell-

wether W. Idm-po= lam, lam-po-cc. 1.

highway Sb.; also as a place for practising

magic, nif. 2. way to heaven, = *far-lam*

W.(?) Idm-yig v. yi-ge extr. lam-log

erroneous Mil. lam-sran lane, street.

lar 1. but, yet, still, however Mil., Thgy.,

Gli'.' ldr-ni and Idr-na id.; occurs

.-carcely any more in col. language. 2.*lar*

(or*la-re*') me C. none at all(?).

las I. sbst., col. las-ka, resp. pyag-ld*

W. *tin-le*. 1. action, act, deed, work,

byl-dor-gyi las the act of sweeping Lex. ;las-

/>:(ii/, !<tx-</kd>' a good work, virtuous action,

las-nan, las- nag a bad, a wicked action,

frq.; lus dan nag dan yid-kyi las actions,

word-, thoughts DzL; A/'.s-/y/ riuiin-sium re-

tribution, reward or punishment for human

actions, iV<|. (cf. A/.s-/y///w- ///v/ below); Ids-

l.i/i iin'-lofi mirror of fate, mirror foreshad-

owing future events Glr.; Ids-kyi /Jtn/i-/>a

a certain vessel used in religious ceremonies

Schl. 248; las mazdd-pas because the measure

of his deeds was not yet full, his destiny

was not yet fulfilled Dzl. ;also destination

in a general sense Was. (282); Ids-kyi Ihdtj-

ma lus-pa des in consequence of the yet

remaining rest of (unrequited) works Sty.;

s/ton-las former action; las dban-bc6s-su-

mcd-pa l*th. an accident which cannot be

prevented; performance, transaction, busi-

ness, las fams-cad nus-pa one who can do

or perform every thing Do.; also the func-

tions of some organ of the body Lt.; work;

labour, manual labour, *le-ka fdb-pa* to get

work; las bijcd-j)a B., 6\, *lc-ka co-ce, td/'t-

cc* W. to do or perform a work, to work,

also of things: to operate, to produce effects

Wdh ; mKar-las-byed-miworkmenemployedin building Mil.', dur-las byed-pa to attend

to the graves, i.e. to perform the sepulchral

rites and ceremonies; zan-zin-las byed-pa

to carry on business, to trade, to traffic Mil. :

Ids-su as a task, according to one's occu-

pation, trade, or business, by virtue of one's

office, ex Officio (nif.) Mil.; Ids-su run-bar

duly, rightly, perfectly, commc ilfaut Mil. :

Ids-su byd-ba v. below (extr.). 2. some-

times: secular business, *l?-ke ndn-na* in

business-affairs, in practical life. 3. effect

of actions, and in a special sense: merit, las

zdd-pa the merits being over, having an end

Thgy. (cf. 1, above). 4. the doctrine of

works and their consequences, of retribu-

tion, las mi bden that doctrine is not true

Thgy.

Comp. and deriv. Ids - ka l . col. work,

labour, v. above. 2. Sch. and Wts. : dignity,

rank, title.-~ A/.s-.s^// retributive fate,

=

las-pro. Ids-ntKan workman ( 's. las-iyyu-

Jbrds either for : las dan rgyu-Jbras works

and their fruits (which in Thgy. are divided

into bsod-nams-ma-yin-pai las-rgyu-Jbrds

sinful deeds, bsod-nams-kyi las-rgyu- bras

35

C-l~' lar

inl(s; .:lib-lam the IlrofouDd method or way,(dl!&·la1lJ lllethodofthe«(lrol~r) mellus (ui f.)Mil.; bla-J/I((/.,·(l6-lj,i lam, col. !,;df/l- J.:yi{filii denotes the Ullin-doctrine or mysticism,\'. dM-lIlfl; d.yl~.lm ni,i.OOi, obrili.poi, nudC.~1I-11Oi lam Ihree ways: tbnt of II. nalural(sinful) 1U:\Il, thnt of the 1U0ro advancedlJeliover (uut not: 'the huppy meaD' C8.) aDdthllt of Ihe saint, or the walk ami con,'er­slltion of the righteous, 50 also ill (1I'(I.1' ...11'(1,i·

yi l(wi tlte saint's or ltermit's course of life;f/~ba bi.1li 1d8-kyi lam 8pyod-pa to willI.:the WilY of practising the ten virtues D::l.

Comp, and deriv. Idm·J.:a prou, _ lam,Id/ll-J.:a·na (another reading Idlll-far), uythe road-t::ide D::l, - la7ll4n!fa11 olle wellacquainted with tbo road, a guide Pill" alsofig. -lam'got by·wny, secret path &Ii, ­- lam-!fI'Orfl fellow.traveller, h'lwdling com·pl\flion, - lanH'fJ!Jild - l«llt 3? lam",!!!}lidIlia ));;1. ?S<, 18, the nve I'lnsses of ueing>:!,cf. o!Iro.ba.II,-lam~'l'g!J118-pa = ldm-mfal/.- laJII-CI71 &lir. _ t'f}ya.ldm. - lam-du[J8thc signs of the wny being Ilearly accom·plislJcd i.e. theacl!uirements and perfectionsof a !l3int. Mil. -lam-ltal"8I/aJt sometlJinglookiug like A road, but a spurious, wrongway &11. -la1lHtCrJ8 seat, resting-place bythe '\'IIy.«ide; also fig. GIl'. - lalJl-mdrJ v.1/1(10 - tam·od,-ffi-pa, lam.sna-pa gUide, ­M,II1m I. police.officer stationed on higb­roads for seiziug thicl'cS or fugitiYCs; loll·gatherer. 2. lraveller, wayfarer IA. 3. bell·wether w: - IamfO - lam, lalll--po.re. I.highway Sb.; also as II place for prnctisiugmagic, ni£. 2. way to heaven, - -(ar-lam­w.(?) -1a1ll.yifJ v. yi-ge extr, - lalll.Jdgerroneous Mil. - la//WI'ati lane, street.C-l.::.' 1(//' L but, yet, slill, however Mil., l'IIy!J.,

Glt,j 1d1'-71i nud Id'··,la id.j OCCUI'llsollredy any morc in ool.lllDguagc.- 2,-ia"­(or -la-r(-)?luI C. uone at all(?).

r.:'~r 1a8 T. sbst., col. Ids-ka, rcsp'l;yau-lda"'i'" U~ -~'i".II-. 1. action, aet, deed, work,b!Ji.J6''"Y!Ji las the act of sweeping 1.cJ:.; la8­b:d,i, las-tlkd,' n good work, virtuous action,la8-i,till, la$-I/dy a bad, n wicked adion,frq.; Ius dOli ,iag dOli yid-l;/Ji las nctions,.:>, C

words, t110ughts J):;i.; IU8-k!!i l"IIam-v'Ji'. TO·triuutioll, rClI'aro or punishment for ilumanactions, frq. (d. la8-"V!JU'"obras below); iti.·lyi 111i-ion milTor of fllle, mirror foreslHw­owing future events Glr,; llb.J.:!!i bilm-l'"II eert.u.io vessel used ill religious ceremoniesScM. 248jla8 lIlazdd-pa.lH:.lcausc theillellsureof his deeJs was not yet full, !lis destinywas not yet fulfilleJ 1J::l. j also destinationin n geuero.l seose !Vas. (282); lds-l-yi Uw.g­1/1" lia.pa det io con~equence of llu~ }'ctremnilliog rest of (unrequited) works Sty.;8lion·laa fonller actioo; IWl dbati·bc&&-su·lIlM1J« Ptk an occident. wllieli cannot bcI,re\'cntedj performance, transaction, busi­ness, las (ams-cad JitU-pa one who ean door pcrfol'm every tlJing J)Q,; also tile func·tions of somo organ of tILe body M.; work;labour, manual labour, -Ii-I.:" (db-pa-.to gctwork; lasin/ed-pa B., C., ·If-ka Cd-ct, trilt­iv! n~ to do or perform l\ work, 10 work,nlso of thilll¥: to operate, to produce effectsH'd,; ; m/;'al'_Ias-bytd-mlworL:menCllilllo}'edin uuildiug .Mil.; d/h'-lta bgid-pa tQ attendto the grtwes, i.c. to perform lhe scpulchralrites Md ceremonics; zwi·:;bi-las byCd1)Uto curry on business, to trndc, to traffic Mil.;la8_su t\5 n tnsk, accordiug to ooe's occu·patioll, trnlle, or busincss, by virtue of one'!;officc, ex officio (oif.) Nil.; Ids'8Il l'iui.barduly, lightly. pcrfectly, co,ml/~ il jalle Mil.;lall-8u b1/f1.oo ", below (cxtr,). - 2. some­times: secular business, -li-kr flali-uu- inbusiness-affairs, in pn,cticallife. - a.effectof /Ictions, aud in II special sense: merit, la~

zdd-pa the merits being o,'er, luwing!tll cud'l'I,yy_ (cf. 1, ahove). - 4. the doctrine ofworks nud lheir consequencC-'!, of retriLu·lion, ita 1/1i Well thl\t doctrinc is not true

'l'/'9Y'Compo and deriv. Ui$· ka I. col. work,

labour, v. nbo\·e. 2. &-1,. lIod lru.: dignity,rank, title. - las·d·al rctribtlti,'c fllte,­ia~jll'd.-l,d-)III.'OIl workman C8.-II/l.rg!Ju.obl'd8 ei~her for: ta8 da,j rflYU·obl'lUI workslmd their fruits (whidl in 17IY!J. nrc dividedinto NOd_nallll-ma.!!ill_plli las-rgYU-obl'ds»nful deeds

lb8dd-liallu-l:yi las.rgyu-.b'·«8

:J:>

546

las li

virtuous actions, mi-yyo-bai las-rgyu-Jbrds

ascetic or mystical works W7.),

or for Ids-

kyi rgyu- brds: fruits of works, retribution

and the doctrine of it. Ids-sgo trading-

place, emporium Glr. Ids-can \ . laborious,

industrious Cs. 2. (v. above las 3) having

acquired merit, worthy Mil. las-ce in C.

used for expressing probability, as in W.

Ogro with the gerund is used, v. Ogro-ba I,

5;mtoit las-ce he will probably have seen

it Mil.nt.; nas Odi Jbor las-ce as possibly I

may put this yet aside; Kyod mi-la-ni min

las-ce you are not Mila, are you? Mil. -

las fog-pa Sch. : a person employed, an official,

a functionary. las-rtdgs Sch. dignity, rank,

title incident to the office held. las-ddn-

po-pa v. dan-po. las-ddr Sch. : 'parade,

ceremonial'(?) Ids-pa l. workman, labourer

Cs. 2. Sp.: vice-magistrate of a village.

Ids-dpon overseer of workmen. las-spyod

works, actions, way of life, byah-cub-kyi

las-spyod skyed-pa to lead a holy life Pth.

- las -Opro 'continuation

, prosecution of

works', blessings following meritorious deeds,

fcyed dan na yah snon-gyi las- pro-yod-pa

yin a bond of connection is formed between

you and me by the merits we acquired in

former periods of life Pth.;

- -happiness,

prosperity in consequence of good works,

good luck, fortunate event, opp. to lan-cags.

las- brel Glr. prob. id. - - Ids-mi work-

man. las-mdd idle, lazy, inactive. las-

fsdn 1 . office, post, service, las-fsdn-du jug-pa to put into office, to appoint, las-fsdn-

nasOdon-pa to put out of office, to dismiss

Cs. 2. official, functionary *yul-gyi le-fsen*

elders of a village-community C., las-fsdn-

paid. *le-lam-/can* diligent, industrious, *le-

mi-ldm-Kan* idle, lazy W. las-su byd-bathe second case of Tibetan grammar, the

dative case.

II. only in B. and C. : postp. c. accus.

mostly corresponding in its application to

the English prepos. from, used also for ex-

pressing the ablative case (having nearlythe same sense as nas'): 1. from, e,g. deliver-

ing from, coming from, often = through, e.g.

shining into a room through the window

DzL; to hear, get, borrow a thing from a

person etc.;to call, to denominate a thing

from or after, according to; fsdd-las dpdg-

pa to define by or according to measure S.g. ;

in quotations: Odul-ba-las out of the, from

the Dulva, sometimes also for: in theDulva;

for denoting the material of which a thing

is made: of earth, of clay etc.; partitively:

Jbras de-las sas fcig a part of this rice, slob-

ma-las ycig one of the disciples DzL; nai

yul-mi-lasbu-moyod-pa-rnamsthQ girls that

are found among my subjects DzL., kun-las

Opdgs-pa distinguished amongst all, more ex-

cellent than all the others DzL', hence 2.

than after the comparative degree : nd-nih-

las bzan more beautiful than last year Mil.;

with a negative: lo bcu- drug -las ma lon-

te not older than sixteen years DzL; zld-

ba Ind-las mi sdod I shall not stay longer

than five months Glr.; ras-yiig ycig-las mi

bdog-ste possessing nothing but one sheet of

cotton cloth DzL; nd-las med there is none

besides myself Glr.; brnyas Kyer-ba-las mi

yon in the end you will probably do nothingelse but despise me Mil.; in a brief mode

of speaking : ysa-ycig-las rje-btsun ma mfoii

we saw nothing but the leopard, your Re-

verence we did not see Mil.; mi pdn-zin

ynod-pa-las med it is good for nothing, it

only does harm Mil. 3. added to the inf.

of verbs it signifies not so much from as

after, from doing, i.e. after doing, nydl-ba-

las lan-ba to rise from lying, to rise after hav-

ing been lying down ; during, frq., the verbal

root being repeated, son-son-ba-las duringmygoing or travelling on DzL

;ndn-du Ogro-

bar bsdm-pa-las when (I) intended to walk

in, when (I) was on the point of walkingin DzL

Ids-pa Cs. for lus-pa, in rdg-las-pa

and a few other expressions occur-

ring also in B.

gr li I. bell-metal, li-sku, li-fdl, li-fur, li-

snod an idol, a plate, spoon, vessel made

of that metal; li-ma in gen.: utensil, instru-

ment that is cast of li Glr.

II. apple,= sli C.

III. li-yul Glr., ace. to Was. (74) Bud-

546

"irlllOliS nctions, mi-Y!jQ-bai la8-rgYU-obl'~

llscetic or mystiral work~ lV.), or for ld&­kyi rg!l'l-obl'o!: frtlits of works, retributionlind tlle doctrinc of it. - IdHyo trading­place, emporium Gl,.. -ld8-can 1. laborious,iadustrious (4. 2. ( .... aoo\'e la! 3) ha...ingIlCquired merit, worthy Mil. - lWl-re in C.used for expressing probability, as in W:oyro \'I·ith the gerund is used, v. oYro-ba I,a; mtoJi la8-lfJ be willlJrobably hll\'C seenit Mil.nt.; fiaa odi jN}' l!n-ee as possibl)' 1may put this yet aside; fyod m(-la-ni minIWl-ce yon are not :Milll, are you? Mil. ­la3 (09-1)«&11.: a personemployed,an official,a functionary. - lWl-rtd[J3 &1,. dignity, rank,fitle incident to the office held. - lWl-ddli­po-pa v. dan-po. - l!n-ddl' &11.: 'plU'ade,eeremonial'(?) -l~-pa I. workman, labourerGil. 2. Sp.: vice-magistrllte of a villaA:e. ­lds-dprln overseer of workmen. - l!n-I1J)y6<1works, actions, way of life, bYali-cub-kyilas-6py&l sl'!Jed-pa to lead 1\ holy life PUt.- las - ol}ro 'continuation, prosecutiou ofworks', lJIessingsfollowing meritoriousdeeds,fyed dan ,;a yan !lidn-g!Ji la&-o1jrd-ydd-payin a bond of connection is formed between)'ou tmd me by the merits we acquired informer periods of life 1"111.; - happiness,llrosperity in consequence of good 1I'0rks,good luck, fortuoalc event, 0Pl" to lan-lags.- la&-/m}l GIl'. prob. id. - Ms-mi work·man. - l!n med idle, lazy, inactive. - laa­~dn 1. office, post, service, fcu-(8dn-du Jug­pa to put into office, to oPI,oint, las-(aan­tl!n odd'llfa to l'ut out of office, to dismiss['8. 2, official, functionary "yul-gyi lHsin"elden of l\ \'ilIuge-communilY C., l!n-fsan­va id.-"lr-Iam-,ran" diligent, industrious,"lr­lIIHdm-liaTl" idle, lazy W - l!n-8u b!Ja-batho second ease of Tibetan grammar, thedative case.

H. only in JJ. and C.: postp. c. aecllS.mostly correspondiog in it.'1 application tothe English prepos. from, used also for ex­I,rossing the ablative case (huving nearlythe same SClise lIS n!n): I. from, e.g. deliver­ing from, coming from, often = through, e.g.shining into a room through the window

D::l.; to hear, get, borrow n thing from l\

person etc.; to call, to denominate u. t1Jiugfrom or alter, according to; (sdd-las dpdy­fXl to define by or according to measure 8.g.;in quotations: odUl-ba-las out of the, fromthe Duh'a, sometimes also for: ia the Dulnl.;for denoting the material of which a thingis made: of earth, of clay etc.; partitively:/mu dMas sas rUg a pa.rt of this rice, !fW­

ma-laa yag one of the disciples D=l.; naiyUl-mi_lasbU_mo!Jdd-pa_rrn1.1118 the girls thatare fouod among my subjects D::l" kun-laso1,ags-pa distinguished amongst all, moreex­cellent than all the others Dzl.; hence 2.than nfter the comparative degree: nd-ni;,­las b::a;, more beautiful Ilmn lost year Mil.;with a negative: wb?:u-dritg-l!n ma 16n­ie not older tillm si;deen years Dd.; ::fd­ba bid-laa 1ni &dod I shill not stay longerfhan fi ...e months Gll'.; ras-y,ig rNg-las mibdOfJ-3u Ilossessing nothing but one shcet ofcotton cloth D::l.; iid-IWl wwd there is nODebesides myself Gll'.; brn}jas J.yer·oo..l!n 1IIiyoil in the end yOll will probably do nothingelse but despise me Mil.; in a brief Ulodtl

of speaking: ysa-yi:ig-148 I')e-bfrun ma m(oii

we sow notlJing but the leopard, your Re­verence we did not see illil.; mi pdn-zi,iynM-pa-las mal it is good for nothing, itonly does hnrm Mil. - 3. added to the inC.of verbs it signifies not so much from nsalter, from doing, i,e. after doing, nyal-ba­laaldli-ba to rise from lying, to rise aSter hav­ing been lying down; during, frq., the vCl'balroot being repeated, Si,,,i-sQli-ba-laa during mygoing or travelling on Dzl.;· ndJi-du ogrd­bar fAam-pa-la3 when (1) inteoded t() walkin, when (1) was on the point of wa.lkingin D::l.tll~'r lds-po. C~. for lus-pa; in.l'dy-lJ.u-pa

lind a few other c:J;pressl.ons OCCUl"­

ring also in B.15.l' Ii 1 bell-metal, li-8lrn, li-(al, li-fu/', Ii­

sndd an idol, a plate, spoon, vcsscl madeof that IDelal; Ii-ma in gen.: utensil, instru­ment thnt is cast of li Gil'.

II. apple, _ ~li C.lll. U-lJul Glr., ace. to lP.'lU. (74) Bud--

547

dhist fountrii'sin northern Tilid. t-^.. Kln>-

tfii: ace. to others in northern India or

Nepal.It-L-u-i'd or li-Ka-ra Cs. a sort of

sugar.

jsjrra'//-/// C/'/r. and dsewh., an orange-

J coloured powder, ace. to Y,/.s.

red lead, minium.

H-fdn Cs.\ '&. of a province of Tibet

near the Chinese frontier', li~f<i//-/>

inhaliitant of that province.

li-ba squinting, squint-eyed Sch., li-ba

miy squinting eyes Sclt.

'ii-tsa-byi n. of a noble family of an-

cient India, often mentioned in the

history of Buddha DzL, Gyatch.

li-yul v. li m.

lt-lamfHind. ^rTT, acc - to Shak-

speare from the Portuguese leilam,

auction, public sale.

q-^n-li-s-i 1. Ssk.

^f^jf cloves Med, C. -

2. Hind. ^ cardamom W.'

fy-bu-migSg.,Sch.: 'malachite'.

tifl -ya Ssk- 1- sign, mark. -- 2. the

image of an enemy which is burnt in

the sbyin-sreg in order thus to kill him bywitchcraft Lt. 3. membrum virile Pth.

lin-gol-ma a large hornet Sik.

^~'";

dangling, waving, floating, in the

wind Mil.; sprin ziy lift, byuh-bas a

floating cloud? Mil.; *liit-lin cd-ce* W. to

dangle, to hang dangling, e.g. on the gallows,*lih-liit se-cc* W. to swing, to see-saw; rkait-ldy

pro, lih-iie Oduy-pa an infant struggling with

hands and feet Pth.

''-% r tin- tog a film or pellicle

on the eye Med.

l* tl~ba C"> also lin-po or lin alone, a

whole piece, lin ycly of one piece, lift.

b$i four pieces or parts,=

rndm-pa\ ystr-

yt/i liit-lxt Ts. : a piece of unwrought gold;dar-liii ('x. a piece of silk; ////-///.s odril-ba

in park up into a parcel, to roll up into one

packet Sch.

> Un-fse gratings, lattice Cs.

Itii-liit v. Hit- in'.

lii<* a hunting or chase in which a

number of people are engaged; dmdy-l/'/'tx id. (cf. /cyi-ra); byd-lH'*

< '*. falconry,

hawking; Hits-la ^ro-ba to go a shooting,

a hunting; Hits Odi'bx-pa Sch. to hunt, to ar-

range a hunting party; Hits ytoit-ba to get

by hunting, to hunt down, Hits btdii-ba what

has been got by hunting, game shot or

caught; liiis-pa hunter, huntsman, Hits-pa-

mo huntress ('*.; Hitx-kyl hound, liits-Kra

hunting falcon or hawk.

\* liiix-xkor hand-mill W. (?)

Hits-pa Sch.: quite round or glo-

bular; dkdr-i>or lins-te Pth. : prob. :

being quite white, cf. *ldiiis-se* Ld. quite.

lib, all, Ld.: *lib du-cc* to sweep all to-

gether with the hands; 6'.: *Kd-wc lib

kab soil* all being covered with snow.

QJ-lu 1. knag, knot, snag,

=Odzcr-pa; *lu-

5

big* knot-hole Ts. 2 num. for 86.

PJ'TIC"fa'kuii (perh. a misspelling for luys-

koii ?) crucible for gold and silver Sc/i.

CU'cn* njzn'cn" lu-gu, luy-yu, diminutive of

-\3'

N5 luy, lamb, frq. ; lu-yu-ryyud1 . rope to which the lambs are fastened, or

strung; hence 2. small chain, e.g. watch-

chain, chain or row of stitches on knitting-

needles; lace-trimming and the like.

lu-ba 1. vb. to COUgh, to throw up

phlegm, to clear the throat. 2. sbst.

the cough < k.

Qt-^rlu-ma Sb. pool containing a spring,

ground full of springs, lu-ma-can rich

in springs.

lu-lu the fruit of some thorny shrubs,

sib-xi-lu-lu hip, fruit of the wild rose-

tree, fser-stdr-lu-lu berry of HippOp&aS.

O^cn- luy Sheep, *dd-lmj, *i~lug, bsdd-lug* W.^

'

sheep for slaughter. litg-Kyu flock

of sheep. luy-yu v. lu-gu. lug-sgdl

sheep's load luy-iidl-ba and lug-cun-ba

names of medicinal herbs ( X., \\'<lri. lug-

snyid Sch. wether. lug-ffig ram B., 6'.;

luy-fiig-gi rtra dbyibs like a ram's horn

\\'tl/'i.; >-<jya-ni-luy-(uy a Saiga ram S.y.

35*

,Jilin countrin in nortbtem Tibel, eliI" KII~

lten; fu:e. to otbt:n ill norlhtern Indi. orNI'I,·I.~:; Ii-J:a-ro or li·l!a-ra U. • 50rl of

sugar.~ li·frl Gir. and te6ell'b_. IU\ orange-.

colollred powdter, ace. to Lu.f~red lc!nd, minium.q~' ';"(die CL 'D. of Apro\ illu of li~t

near the Chinese (routier', /i.(u.rpt.inh.llitll.nt of that province..~..q' 1i-6a squinting, squint-eyed &1•., 1i-6«

Ylllg squ.iDtiog eyes &/1.

~\5'5' Ii-/Ia-byl n. of:l. noble fl\.mily of 11.11-

dent India, often mentioned in tbehistory of lllludhn D:I., G!Jatcll.

~~G.l' {i-!JId v. Ii HI.

~1:l5.l' li.la1ll, Hilld. ~~, oce. to Slink·spenre from tile Portuguese kilalll,

auction, public sale.c:r-1 li-.ii 1. &sol ~q cloves .lied, C. ­

2. lJind. l:WT'l~ c.nrdamom 11':~t:;'J";r~ ·litj..w-migS9-,&h.: 'malnchile'.

~'=!f lii••ga &J;. 1. sign, mark. - 2. theimAge of an eDemy .. hich is bunlt in

lbe JJyin4ri-g in order thus to kill him by,.,.itebl;raU lA. - 3. membrum lirile I1J..~ -t:..~':rr..(.;r li"-!lfJl-m4 a large hornet a.~r.:::C· li>i·,;e dangling, waying, lIoaling, in the

wind AIiL; 'P"'n ~iJ liir byuir-bm.Boating donuT ".Iii.; ·/iii-li':' ~- W: todangle, to bnng dlUlgling,e.g.on the ~lIows,

·'i;'·Ii" W-Ct-lY. to S¥l1ng, tosee-saw;rl:a".'JyPr4 liie·tij .dufI1HJ an infaot struggling wilhbl\nd;1 and feet HI..SJ.~:::~. lili·tdtJ or lili.fdy a film or pellicle

on the eye ~lled.

~c::.';q' It.i-ba G., !\Iso li,j.po or tili alone, awhole piece, lill reiy of olle piece, liie

b:::i four pieces or parls, _ mdtll.p"j til,...!JlIi li,:,../)ul.•. : 1\ Iliece of uowrought gold;dar-I;,j o. 1\ piec~ of silk j lili-giA eddl-IMto pock ul' iotA>" parcel, to roll up into oneflAcket &h.. -~::~ Iiit·(1t gratings, lattice C,.

M7

r.:.~~ !iii, a hunting or chait in whicb "nuulherof I"'Opleare eugllged;dllUJrr

lin' ill. (~f. lya.ra); by(i.liil, CI. r..Ieoory,h.wking; lbtHU .!Jrd-ba to go • t.booLing,• bunLing; liu ~1'4&4. to hunL, to u­nUlge" buoting puty; Ii,¥, ,,..bu to getby Iiunliug, to hunt down, lin' 6ta,,;.lJa whatlIaS beeu b<{)t b)' hunting, game shot orCDught; Uit..-pa hunter, !luou;lulu,/iia-pel_mo huntress (k.; li"C"!Ji bouod, Iin.·l!rabuoting falcon or hawk.

~~'1if'~': !i>iNl:Jr haud·miU 1V. (?)

~~'.q' li,j'-pa &1..: quite round or glo--bular; dl·u"-}IOI" W,,·t, PII•. : proll.:

being quite white, cf. e,di,;,_,tf 1.,<1. quile.~.q' lib, all, Ld.: elib du-;,- to sweep .11 to·

getber with thc IllllJds; C: elfu-1C! fibJ..ah SOlie all being covered \\·;th soow.

Ef lu 1. knag, knol, snag, - _ckir-ptJ; e/u•bige

knot~hole 1•. - 2 nUIP. (or 86.EftTF· /N.-J.·uiI (peril. IL miSl>pelling ftor lli!Is-

10. 1)Cl"Ilcible for gold aDdsi'''er h.

r..r~ ~~ U:~ 1,,!/"flU, diwnutiye of- ..... ' ..... ..... Illg, lamb. frq.; l.-gu.-rvyWdI. rope to ll·hie!1 liIe lambs ILre Uask'Ded, or:.trung: hence 2. small chain, es. lTateh·chain, chain or row of .Ute!le15 on knitting.needles; J2ee.trimmi0R' IlDd the lik~.

r..r:;r U;. ba 1. \·b. to cough, t.o tbrow up..... phlegm, to ckar the tbroaL - 2. sbst..the cough C..er~' [..lila SO. pool containing. spring,

ground full of lillriogg, liJ-wlfH..'an richin springs.E:I'~ lil-I" the fruit of .0IU(I thorny shrubs,

iib--ii_lu_Iu hip, fruit of tlte wild rose.Iree, (I¢r·3Wr·llt-!u berry of lIippophuc.E:I:f].lug sheep, -I/d--lllg, iJi.lug, blJd-lffff lV.

s.heep for ..laughter. - lifg·l.lyu flockof sheep. - fity-g" \". lil.gtl. - 1U1J·Ilfld./.~h~p'iI loud - lUfJ"'ilJI« .Ild l~cit<i-lJa

DAmes of meclicinallit:rLi GI., Jrdir. -lug­IP,yi/1 &1.. wether. - IIJfI·(;'g ram 11, Cj't41/-(itg.!Ji IYQ. db!filc like a ram' homU;dri.; rll ·/cuj-filg a Saiga raID S.g. -

".

548

"r lug-pa lun

lug -ton Sch. wether. lug -pa 1. sbst.

shepherd, keeper of sheep Ma. 2. to stick

the heads together like timid sheep, to be

sheepish in behaviour Ma. lug-mig n. of

a flower Med. lug-mur and lug-rtsi me-

dicinal herbs. lug-tsdgs a sheep-skin with

little wool on it Ld. lug-rd sheep-fold,

pen, sheep-cot. lug-ru ram's horn; D. of

several species of Pedicularis. *lug-log*

sheep-skin Ld.

_._.. lug-pa I. sbst. and vb., v. sub lug.- II. vb., to give way, to fall down,

of. rlug-pa Ts.

Ojm&r luys ^ tne casting, founding, of metal,

lugs-su blug-pa Glr., *lug-la lug-pa*

col. (7.,to found, to cast; lugs-ma a cast,

rgya-gdr lugs- ma an image (statue, idol)

cast in India Glr. 2. way, manner, fashion,

mode, method, bod-kyi lugs su gyis sig Glr.

make it according to the fashion of Tibet;

nai lugs-kyis bon byed dgos you must live

according to our, i.e. the Bon-fashion Mil.;

bsam-ftdn-la yod-pai lugs-su byas he feignedmeditation Glr.

; diyin-pai lugs-su byed they

speak, act, make it appear, as if it really

were so Tar. 184, 21; na-rdn-gi lugs-kyimKdr-las my way of building, what I call

my style of building Mil; opinion, view,

judgment, way of proceeding, Kyed-rdn-gi Ugs-la according to you, if we followed youradvice Mil.- cos-lugs religion, i.e. a certain

system of faith and worship, pyinanynyiscos-lugs gan bzan which of the two religions,

the Brahman or the Buddhist be the better

one Glr.; established manner, custom, usage,

rite, cd-lugs mode of dress, fashion, cos-lugs

religious rites, rgyd-lugs Chinese (or Indian)

manners, bod- lugs Tibetan manners etc.;

rdn-lugs one's own way, yzdn-lugs other

people's way or manners; rdn-lugs-la ynds-

pa (= ran-sa Odzin-pd) Glr.; seems to be

only another expression for that Buddhist

virtue of absolute indifference to all objectsof the outer world; lugs is also use,d con-

cretely, meaning the adherents of a customor religion, hence = sect, school, religious

party, denomination, mdo-lugs follower of the

Sutras, the Sutra sect, snags-lugs a follower

of the Tantras, the Tantra sect; in a spe-

cial sense : lugs ynyis the two principal clas-

ses with regard to religious life, Ojig-rten-

gyi lugs the laical or profane class, laymen,

cos-kyi lugs the clerical or sacred class,

priests Cs.; lugs-kyi that which relates to

manners or morals, ethical Cs. (v. As. Res.

XX, 583). 3. in conjunction with a verbal

root or with the genit. of the inf. it often

corresponds to the English termination ing

as: Iddn-lugs the rising, getting up, ^gro-

lugs the going, sdod-lugs the sitting Mil.,

<~ rffydl y n ~ 1U9S S09S sol -

Odebs-kyi zu-

ba the (possibility of) getting into difficul-

ties and other reasons for inducing him to

postpone (his setting out) Mil.; bsam-yds

bzens-lugs bris he described the building of

Sam-ye Glr.; med-lugs the (circumstance

of) not having Mil.; yin-lugs the condition,

State Mil.; dd-lta nd-lugs ci-ltar na as to

your present illness, in what does it con-

sist? Mil.; fsogs-nas skydn-bai litgs-su yod-

pa they joined in educating them, they edu-

cated them together Mil.; it is also added

to adjectives: ce-lugs greatness Mil.

"?]" lugs-ma v. lugs 1.

lun 1. 1. a strap, slung over the shoulder

or round the waist, for carrying things;

handle, ear (curved), of vessels, baskets etc,

different from yu-ba a straight handle, hilt.

2. 'foot-stalk of fruits' 6s.; It/n-fag Cs.:

a rosary, string of beads, suspended by the

girdle.

II. Ssk. ^mffi,= bka, used of words

spoken by secular persons commanding re-

spect: pas yndn-bai lun fob-nas obtaining

(his) father's word of permission Dzl,lun

Jbyutl an order is issued (by the king) Glr.,

tu-ru-lka-la lu>'i len dgos-pa being obliged

to accept orders from, the Turuskas Tar.;

more frq. : spiritual exhortation, admonition,

instruction, lun yndh-ba to give it (some-

times only: to pronounce forms of prayer

etc. before devotees); lun ytoh-ba id., *luii

tan-Ken* instructor, teacher, admonisher C.;

lun ston-pa, also lun-du ston-pa to instruct,

to give spiritual precepts^ also with regard

'"luy-foli &!J. wether. - MfJ-pa I. sbgt.sllcl'hcrd, keeper of sheep Ma. 2. to stickthe bends together like timid sheep, to besheepish in behaviour Ma. - [uY-'I1l(f/ n. ofa flower Med. - [ug-mltl' and lug-rtsi me­ilicin31 herbs. -[ug-t8uf/8 a sh(lcp-skin withlittle wool on it Ld. - lw,rra sheep-fold,pen, sheep-cot. - lug-loU rlllll's horn; D. ofseveral species of l'ediculari~. - ·lug-ldftsheep-skin Ld.~=.:r iI'flopa I. sLat. lIui! vb., \.. suL luy...... - n. vo., to give way, to fall down,cr. 1'bi!J-pll 1~.

~~. lugs ,I. llie casting, fOllnding, of metal,lUgwu bilig.pa GIr., -litg-la blfl-Pu·

col. C., to found, to cast; lUfj8-mu a cast,1'!J!JU-!JI/I' lUys-ma an image (statue, idol)cast in Iodin Glr. - 2. way, manner, fashion,mode, method, b6d-kgi lllfP 814. Y!lU i>ig Gl,..mnke it according to tile fashion of Tibet;Tiui bifJa-kyis lxm bytd ago, you must lil'caccording to our, i.e. the Bon-fasllion .Mil.;usum-rtdn-la y&l-pai LUgs-$U U!lw. lie feignedmeditntion Gb.. j di fJin-pai lligs-3U b!Jed theyspeak, act, makc it nppettr, as if it reallywere so Tar. 184, 21; iW-rlili-!Ji lUfJ'-kfJi1II~'dr·ku my way of building, what I callmy style of building Mil.; opinion, view,judgmen~ way 01 proceeding,..l'yrd-rdlj-gi 1I'gs­la according to you, if W6 followed youradvice .Alil.; cw-lUfJ~ religion, i e. a certainsystem of fllith and worship, liyi naljl'n!lucds-lugs galj uzalj whiell of the two religions,the Bruhlllnn or ~he Buddhist be the betterone Glr.; established manner, custom, lISage,rile, cd-lug, mode of dress, fashion, cd3.1ufJ8religious rites, 1'fJ!ld-lugs Chinese{or Indian)manners, OOd-lufJ8 Tibetan manners etc.;,·d,l.lug~ one's own way, rzun-lug~ otherIleople's way or IDllIlncrs; rdil-IUfls-la rnds­pa (= 1'Qli-~a cdzin-pa) Glr.; seems w beonly another expression for that Buddhistvirtll6 of absolute indifference w all objectsof the outer world; lU[l~ is abo us'\d con­cretely, meaning the adherents of a customor religion, hence = sect, sehool, r~eligious

party, denomination, mdo.lugs follower of theSutras, the Sut!a sect, ~liU[J8-lufJ8 a followcr

""'. { ."d.... Ult •

of the TantrllS, the Tnutm sect j in a sl'e­cial sense: IU!J3 myis the two principal clas­ses with regard w religions life, Jig-rUn­g!li lU[J~ the laical or profunc class, laymen,c63-kyi lugs tho clerical or sacred class,priests Cs.; lugs-J.:yi tliat which relat.es tomannol'S or momls, ethical C~. (v. As. Hes.XX, 583). - 3. in conjunction with l\ verbalroot or with the gCllit.. of the in£. it oftencorresponds to the English termination ingliS: ldd,i-lu!J3 the rising, !;Otting up, <111'6­lug~ the going, 8ddd-1Ufl~ the sitting Mil.,~o - 1'[Jydl y6il-lllg~ IlOfjt i6l- cdebs - kyi M­ba the (possibility of) getting inw difficul­ties nnd other reasons for indncing Jlim topostpone (his sctting out) Mil.; lnam.yd3b:in3-lllgs urn he described the buildiug ofSam-ye Gb·.; mM.-lugs the (circumsfanceof) not hl\vin~ Mil.; yin-lugs the condition,state Mil.; du-lta nd-lug~ (:i-ita,. na as toyonr present illness, in what does it con­sist? .Mil.; (~6tfS-na8 ~ky6,i-uai lug3-8u ydd­pa thcy joined in edncating them, thc)' euu­cat.ed them wgethcr lJil.; it is also addedto adjectives: ce-lu9~ greatness Mit.

~':,r~' lUg3--ma v. lugs 1.

!?1~' btli 1.1. a strap, slnng O\'cr the shoulderor round the waist, for carrying things;

handle, ear (curved), of vessels, baskets etc.,different from yu../)a a straight handle, hilt.- 2. 'foot·stalk of fruits' ClI.; li"j.(ag 01.:(). rosary, string of beads, suspended by thegirdle.

11 Ssk. ~Jf'r, = Ma, u.sed of wordsspoken by secular persons commanding re­Sllect: pa~ )'1l/in-bai lilli (dlJ-nm obtaining(bis) fatber's word of permission Dzl, l/llicbflU" an order is issued (by the king) Gll'.,tle-ru,-a:a-Ia lUll len d[loo-pa being obligedto accept orders from the Turuskas Tar.;marc frq.: spiritual exhortation, admonition,instruction, lUlt )'nuli-ba W givc it (some­times only: to pronounce forms of prayeretc. before devotees); luri }'wiJ-ba id., -lwitali-l4n- instructor, teacher, admonisher C.;lwi 3t6n-pa, also lU,t-du ~t6n.pa to'instruet,to give spiritual precepts, also with regard

Iltn-f.i;/

to supernatural voices etc. Mil. ; esp. to pro-

phesy, predict, to reveal secrets, with termin. :

iln-ii<i-xt-l<t i/i'ii-jutrInit l>*t<tn it is prophe-

sied tli:ii it is Danasila, the prediction re-

lates to D., sans-rgyds-su liin-bstan-to he

has received a prediction concerning (his

obtaining) the Buddhaship Dzl.;mdaii mL-a-

]'n'os lun-bstan-pai skyes-bu de the man

foreshown yesterday by the Dukini Mil.,

hence litn-ma-bstan-pa unheard of, unpre-

cedented Mil. nt. (Cs. also: to demonstrate,

litii-du brtdn-du yod-pa demonstrable?);

Itiii ^gdd-pa Cs. to make, to establish, pre-

cepts; luit Odren-pa Cs. to cite, to quote,

an authority Tar. 210, 2; lun-gi rjes-Jbrdn

Was. (274) those who stick to the letter

(opp. to -rigs-Kyi rjes-brdn to the real quality,

viz. the spirit); luh-bstdn exhortation, pre-

cept, commandment, lhai luh-bstdn bsdd-pato communicate the precept of the god Tar.,

. . . zes byd-bai lun-bstdn byun there came a

divine order or prophecy of this purport,to this effect; hence lun-ston-pa prophet

Chr. Prot.

lun-fdg v. above lun I.

lun-pa 1. valley, ri-luh mountain and

valley; lun-cm a large valley, lun-

cuh or luh-prdn a little valley ; lun-Kog Sch. :

'the cavity of the valley'; lun-sto/i a desolate,

a solitary valley, as a fit abode for hermits,

frq. 2. furrow, hollow, groove, e.g. on the

surface of a stick Mil., of the liver Med.

lud manure, dung, lug-lud sheep's dung;lud ^grem -pa to spread manure (on

fields) 6s., lud Odren-pa to carry manure

(to the fields) 6s., *gydb-ce, tdb-ce, tdn-ce*

W. to manure the ground; lud-Ku dung-

water; lud-ddn dung-hole; lud-puh dung-

hill; litd-Jbu grubs etc. in a dung-hill.

lud-pa 1. sbst. phlegm, mucus, mag-l<i'<'J-gi lud -pas bkan-stc full of

phlegm, matter and blood Glr.; esp. in the

organs of respiration: lud-pa cig bskyiii'-bas

throwing up some phlegm Glr.; liid-pa lu-

ba to throw up by coughing Dzl., sbnd-pa

by sneezing S.g.; litd-por spittoon, spitting-

box 6'. 2. vb., to boil over cu lud-pas

549

the water boiling over Dzl.; m(*o lud-pathe running over of lakes, inundation Mu. :

cu liid-nas lud-nas bkdn-ba yin it filled, bythe water rising higher and higher.

^ums a ^a^ usec^ ^ a me^'ca ^ cure;

fomentation.

l"m~bi>lum-M~, - of a

queen ,and of a grove

called after her, situated in the north of

India, where Buddha is said to have been

born.

ZMS, also lus-po, body, lus sd-la brddb-

pa to prostrate one's self, frq., lus

ston-pa to show one's self, to appear, to

make one's self visible, as gods Dzl., and

in a similar manner lus is often used for ex-

pressing our reflective verbs, when relat-

ing to physical processes, cf. sems; lus-kyi

dbdn-po the sense of feeling, in as far as it

resides in the skin and the whole body of

man Med.; rgydl-poiydun-brgyud (or rgyal-

bu) lus -la yod I bear a prince under mybosom Glr. ;

lus smdd-pa to violate, to rav-

ish Pth.; lus ^grub-pai fog-ma the begin-

ning of the development of a body as em-

bryo Wdn.; grub-pa lus v. grub-pa; lus-la

cdgs- sin from love of life Dzl.

;lus dan

srdg-la sdo-ba to risk or stake one's life

Dzl. ;mi-lus fob-pa or bldn-ba to be born

as a human being, lus-ndn (to be born) as

an animal, or also as a woman Mil.;

often for the whole person of a man : brdn-

gyi lus kyan dpon-du <gyur even a servant

may become a master S.g.; lus^kyis mibzdd -

par nya-ndn-gyis yduns-te is used

(Dzl. 9&9, 3) of an exclusively mental suf-

fering or infirmity. Jn mysticism and

speculative science several expressions are

employed which, however, donotdifferrnuch

in their import: sgyu-lus, ^d-lus, bde-^gro

mfo-ris-kyi lus; rig-pa Odzm-pai lus (Tar.

56, 20), yid-kyi lus (frq.), fafnO< the

immaterial body which is enclosed in the

grosser material frame, accompanying the

soul in all its transmigrations and not de-

stroyed by death (Kopp. I., 66), yid-kyi lus

might be rendered by 'spiritual body' ;an-

other explanation given by Lamas is: the

~.~ lllli-(ug

to sUltenlnturll.l voices ele. Mil.; up. to pro­phesy, predict, to reveal secrets, witli lermin.:dd~lIa·J£-la yin-pat' luli wt«lt it is prophe­sied that it is Danl\sI1a, the prediction re­latCi to D., 8a,i.-IT!ylU-3U INn-lIttan-to heIms received a prediction eoneCJ1ling (hisobtRining) the BuddbftSl.ip D::l.; nulmi mkJ_oJiroc lli,i~bttalt-pai .kyi.-bu de the maoforeshown yesterday by tho Dokini Nil.,hence Mn-ma-wtall-pa unbel\NI of, uflpre­ecdented Mil. m. (~. 1\180: to demonstrate,1Il1j-du lwtdn-du yOd-pa demonstmble?);Iuti o!IJd-lla Q. to make, to eSlnblish, pre­cepts; llUj odrin-pa G. to cite, to quote,no l\utlJority Tar. 210, 2; lIi1i-gi r)~-/.n'Ii.,i

lI'a•. (274) those wbo stick to the letter(opp. to rrg.-flyi r)er-brli.'j. to the real quality,,·ir.. the spirit); lUlj..o,tdtt exhortation, lire­ccpt, commandment, thai luil~lnfdn b«Jd-palo communicate the precept of the god 'lar.,... Zef b!ld-bo.i Iwj-b8tdn uyu,i there came ndiviae order or Prollbcey of tbis purport,to this elTect; hence lUI1-Bwn-JJa prophet(''hr. Prot.

~C::i?T lU'l-M!! v, above lu,i I.

r.:'t:::r lrhi~pa], valley, ,.i-1I,,' mount;,in nnd~ valley; lw,-&n" Io.rgc volley, lUli­(u,l orlu>i"1jrd,~n little \'a1ley; luh-I.'dfJ &h.:'the cavity of the volley'; lUli-3to,i adesolnle,n solitary \'"l1e)', as /l. fit a.bode for bermits,frq. - 2. furrow, hollow, groove, e.g. on thesurfuce of a stick Mil., of the li\'er Met/.e=)' lud manure, dung, lug-IUd sheep's dung;

Iud dJdm - pa to sprend lDanure (011fields) C•. , Iud odrbl-pa to carry mllllure(lo the fields) (,I" "!l!Jdb-fe, Uib-ce, td,j·re"11': to mnuure the gronnd; Iud-l.'u dung­water; lud-do,j dung-hole; b«J.ftitn duug­hill; lNd-obu grubs etc. in a dung-bill.

~"..q' llld.pa ]. sb:>l. phlegm, mucus, mag"J..'rug - fJi IUd - paf bkali - Bte full of

phlegm, matter and blood Gb·. ; esp. in theorgans of respimtion: ltidopa i:ig bsJ.1/ur-!JMthrowing uil some phlegm Gir.; [u(l-pa iIi­ba to throw UII by coughing D::l" sbrid-paby sneer.ing S.y.; iUd-jor spittoon, sllitting­box C. - 2. vb., to boil over Cu U:1bf

the water hoiliag over D:l,; m40 lrid-I'atile runniog oyer of lake., inundation Mo..;en Uul-naf litd-1lU3 bkli.,j-ba yi,~ it filled, bythe WAter rising higher and higher.~~. IU'"B a bath used llolI a mediul cure;

fomentation.~.:q., ~;.j-:q~. MIII·bi, lIim-bi.tli, o. of II.

queen, and of 1\ ,:;rovecfliled after her, sHunted in the north ofIndia, where nuddba is said to h;l\'e b~1t

born.

!?J~' ~; t:I~;~:~~ b:~~:sI:::'-~.~.~~:.t6n-pa to show one's sclf, to APIlenr, tomake one's self visible, as gods D:l., I\ndin a similar manner 1m is often used for eJ;­pressing our reOeeti\"c verbs, whcn relat­ing to phrsicnl processes, cr. MIllS; lit.-X'!!;dbd>i-po tile sense of feeling, in ns fnr as itresides in the skin and the whole body ofman Med.; royul-pqi rdu,i-brg!Jud (or ruyaI­bu) Un-la yod 1 beo.r a prince under mybosom Gir.; lru amad-pa to viOlate, to rav­ish 1~!I..; lU$ o!IrUb-po.i (og-71la the begin~

Ding of tile de\'elopment of II. body ns em­bryo Wdn.; grtib-pa lU8 v. Ul"lib-pa; bi.-la'tdfJB ~ Mn from love of life D:l.; lU8 dansrog-la fdd-ba to risk or stllke one's lifeD::l.; mj-lU$ (db-pa or bld,i-ba to be bornas a human being, lUf-nd'l (to be born) liS

lion lUIimnl, or also ns a wOlDnn ~1I"1.; _often for tIle whole person of a IDJ\ll: brun~

gyi /In k!lml dp6l1-du o!I'Jur e\'en a serVl\ntroilY becolDe n mnster S,g.; lUI - J.'!!i. JIlib::Jd - par 7Iya-nli.n-f/lJi! rdu1i.- te is used(Dd. ?::;:;?, ~) ,of IUl exclusinly ment.'11 suf­fering or infirmity. - In mysticism lindspeculative science sc\'cml expressions nreem ployed which, however, donot differ muchin their import: 'f/lJli-llU, ";(i-lIn, lxle-dJ''Om(Q..rl,-X'!!i lu.; '''gopa od::in-pai llU (Tal'.56,20), yid-X,!!i lu.J (frq.), fli!l"1J<)(, theimmaterial body whiclt is enclosed in thegf06scr material frnlUe, nccomplmying thesoul in lIli its lrnnsmigmtions and not de­stroyed by den.th (Kvpp, I., 66), yid-Jqflill'migbt be fClIdered by 'spiritu:u body'; an~

other e,;pIRnAt.ion gi\'en by Lamas is: theO.

550

tegs-pa

body which exists only in our imagination

(yid); in that case it would be identical with

sgyu-lus.

Comp. lus^gydgs a fat body Cs., lus-rid

a mean, thin, lean body, lus- shorn a thick

stout figure, lus-ri/i a long tall body, lus-

futi a short body 6s. : lus-can having a

body, hence as sbst. = sems-can creature,

being, lus-can kun-gyi yid-du ^oii a favourite

of every creature Stg.-- lus-stod upper

part of the body, lus-smdd lower part of the

body. lus-boits the bulk of a body.-

lus-bydd form of the body. lus-med hav-

ing no body, incorporeal, ghostlike, ghostly,

lus-med-pai skad a ghostly voice Mil.

lus-smdd v. lus-stod. lus-zuhs v. sub yzuns.

QTxr^r lus-pa, C. also Ids -pa, to remain

behind or at home, bod-du zld-ba

ynyis to remain in Tibet for two months

Glr.; to be remaining or left DzL; to be for-

gotten, omitted, left behind; yyen-du lus-pa

to remain uppermost, floating to remain

standing, sitting, lying, e.g. *Ka lus-sa mi

dug* W. the snow does not remain, will soon

melt away; lus-par byed-pa Pth., lus-su

Ojug-pa, *lus cug-ce* Ld. to leave behind,to leave a remainder; ma-lus-par entirely,

wholly, without remainder, without excep-

tion, Ogro-ba ma- lus or mi -lus Mng., all

creatures without exception; md- lus -par

prob. also: surely, undoubtedly, at any rate,

in any case, ni f. lus-ma, rjes-lus, pyir-

lus, Ihdg-lus Cs. remainder, balance, residue.

QT le 1. a small not cultivated river-island

C.,=

glin-ka and zal. 2. v. leu.

3. W. a word expressive of civility and re-

spect, and added to other words or sen-

tences, like Sir! and Madam! in English,*zu-U* good day, Sir! it is also added to the

word sa-heb gentleman, and then sa-heb-le

is about equivalent to: honoured Sir, dear

Sir. 4. num.: 16.

h-brffan, leb-rgdn l.Med.

frq., Lex. =^ saffron,

whereas Cs. has: 'poppy, le-brgan-rtsi the

juice of poppies, opium, le-brgdn-ghi me-

tog the poppy flower, le-brgdn-ghi Jbrds-bu

poppy-seed', and Sch. adds: le-brgan-mdog

OJqw

A5*1

poppy-coloured, light-red, and he translates

also le-brgdn Dzl. \SVV

, 1, by 'poppy-colour-

ed', although it is mentioned there amongstvarious species of Lotus. But in W. poppyand opium are usually called by the Hindi

name ^r, pirn', neither in W. nor in Sik.

did I meet with any body, who knew the

significations given by Cs. and Sch., but

only: 2. diapered design of woven fabrics;

thus also Mil. : le-brgdn dmdr-poi )'dan a

flowered carpet, le-brgdn ^ol-ber Pth. a

flowered dress with a train.

Qrx' le'-na the soft downy wool of goats'

(esp. those of Jangthang) below the

long hair, the shawl wool;fine woolen-cloth.

!* le-ma v. leu.

~% appendix, supplement, addition

PTPH* le-lun Cs.: consequence; Sch. : re-

buke, reprimand, reproof, and le-

Idn-pa, le-ldn bdd-ba to blame, rebuke, re-

prove; le-ldn-can Cs. consequential, im-

portant (?).s

"

le-ldm-niKan \.las-ldm-mfcan.

Oj'Sf le-lo, le-lo-nyid indolence, laziness,

tardiness, le'-lo ma byed cig don't be

lazy! Glr.; ycig le-lo byds-nas as one (of

them) had been lazy Dzl. ; le-los Jlyer he

is overcome by laziness Mil.; le-loi rjes-su

Ogro-ba to be given to laziness Ld.-Glr.\

le-lo-ca/i lazy, indolent, slothful. *le-sol*

W. = le-lo.

legs-pa B~> legs-po and -mo C. (cf.

also no. 3) 1. good, serving the

purpose, with regard to things; adv. legs-

par well, duly, properly, legs-par Ofsol-ba

to search, to investigate accurately Glr.;

bsu-ba legs-po gyis do care for a proper re-

ception! Glr.; legs-par gyur cig (Schr. adds

Ihjed-la) may you prosper! Sch., legs -par

^.o/ts-so you are welcome Sch.; happy, com-

fortable, bdag legs-na when I am well off

(op p. to nyes-na) Do.; legs nyes ston-paime-lon mirror of fate, of the future Glr.

;

/o(-fog) legs(-pa) B., *lo lag-mo* W., a rich,

healthy, happy year; ci Itar byds-na legs

which is the best way of doing it? Glr.,

550

lJady which exists only in our imagination(!jid); in tLnt cnse itwoulu be identical wit"!{lyu-lua.

Compo ltu-'JY1/agt n fat body C,., flU-rida meM, Ibin, lCllIl body, llt8·,bQm n thickstout figure, [w;.-riil II. long tall body, lU6­(un n 811011 body Os. - IUB-can ho.viog nbody, hence as sbst. - ,blls-i'an creature,being, lUs·can t1m-flY; yM-du ..QJi n favouriteof c\'cry creature Stf!. - lUi! - sled upperpart of the body, lm-amdd lower part of llieLody. - {u,-/x)", the bulk of a l>ody. ­luJ-byJd form of tbe body. - lla·med hav_ing no body, incorporeal, ghostlike, ghostly,lwrmld-JKli skad n gllOstJy voice Mil. ­lru-amtid \'.lU,Htdd.-[us-zlin$ v.sub )';;1(1;'.

r.l~:r lUa-pa, C.I\I5O flh-pa, to remain~ behiPll or at home, bOd-du ::M-baynlJis to remain in Tibet for two monthsGIl'. j to be remaining or left D::l.; to be for·gotten, omitted, left bellind; }'gbi-du ll'18-pato remain uppermost, floutin~ to remninstanding, sitling, lying, e.g. ·fa lus-sa midu!f W. the snow docs not remain, will soonmelt awny; lUs-1Jar ligtd-pa Ptk, lUs·su.,)ug-pa, ·lus hig-Ce" Ld. to lenve hehind,to leave n remainder; ma./~"pUI· entirely,wholly, without remainder, witl.out excel'·tion, o!Jl"fi-ha 1IIa-1I's or mi-ius .A/,ig., nilcrentures without exception; ma-ilU-parprob. also: surely, undoubtedly, nt nny ratc,in any case, ni f. - bls-ma, 1);S-lus, Jig/t­iWl, llt.ilg-lus Cs. remainder, balance, ruidue.a:r It I. '" gmnll not culti\-uted river·island

G.; '= gl"'.1.:a and zal: - 2. v. leu. ­;3. IV. n word Cl:pressive of civility Dnd re­spect, and added to other word:{ or sen­tl'nces, like Sir! nnd Mndam! in English,·zu-M" good day, Sir! it is also lidded l.O theword sa-11th gentleman, and then sa-/,eb-ieis nboot equivalent to: honoured Sir, denrSir. - 4. num.: 16.

a:r~ifA,Ii!~-ifA' le-brfllln, ld>-r9~n 1. Mtd.frq., IA::!:. = lfl( sll.lTron,

wherens Cs. hns: 'poppy, le-brgall_rtsi thejuice of poppies, opium, le-brfJu1l-gld mi­WfJ the poppy flower, le-brydn·fJhi obrds-J,u('oppy-seed', IUld &h. ndds: le-br!!an.mdlJfj

poppy-coloured, light-red, and he trlUlslntesalso It-J,rgun D::l. -.5\", 1, by'popp)·-colour.ed', ulthough it is meotioned t!lere nmoogstvnriou~ species of Lotus. But in IV. poppyuod opium are usuall)" called by the Hindiname r-d' l>'im; neither in II~ nor in Sik.did I meet with IIny bod)·, wbo knew thesiguificll.tions giveu b"y Cs. and &/1., uutonly: 2. diapered design of wo,'en fubries;thus Il.lso )Jil.: ie-brgdn dmr1r-poi rdan Il.

flowered cnrret, le.brgan Jo/,.bir 1~/1. aflowered dress with Il. trnin.~.~ le-na the soft dowDy wool of gonts

(esp. those of Jangthti.ng) l..elow thelong II/Iir, the shawl wool; fine woolen·cloth.

~~. Le-ma v. leu.

~"O.l=fJ' Ie-lUg appendilC, supplement, addilion

L'.atl':.l.?j" u-Mn 01.: consequence; Sdl.: rc-

buklJ, reprimand, reproof, nnd lt­Mn.pa, Ie-It,n bdu-ba to blume, rebuke, rc­pro\"e; le-ldn·tan C3. consequentinl, im­portnnt (P).a:r~~.e:t~. le-ldm·mllan v.la3-lam-mllan.

~.?:f fl-lo, U.lo-nlJul indolence, laziness,lardiness, {i·lo 1IIa byed Ny don't be

lllZY! GlI·.; rdg M·kJ byo.s.nas AS one (ofthem) had been lazy D::l.; Le-lo8 ol.!!JCI" I.eis ovcrcome uy Itl.?iness MI1.; U-loi 1)CS-3U

o!Jrd.ba to bo given to br.iness Ld.• Glr.;le..lo-ca,j lazy, indolenl, slolhful. - ·le-~dl"'

fV. _ lc-Io.

~::rr~"r ff!J8-pa B.,ltys-po Il.Dd .mo.C. (d.ulso no. 3) 1. good, servlDg the

purpose, with regard to things; (ldv. li'l3­ptW well, duJ)", llroperly, fe[!3-par ofsdl-lJato senrc.lJ, to investigate ll.Ccurntely Gil'.;b3u-ba U!JS-PO gyis do care for n proper re­ceptionl Gfr.; IPgs.par gyul' f:ig (&k.l.llidsfyM.la) mn)" you prosper! &h., llfP-par",Q';3·30 )"ou nrc welcome Sth.; happy. com·fortable, bdag iPgs-1la when I am well off(01'1" W 1IyCs-na) Do.; 1"!lS u!JC'stOn-paime-lo" mirror of fate, of the future Gil'.;lo(-fog) 14Js(-pa) IJ., ·/0 lag.mo· n~, n rich,Ilealthy, happy yell.f; i:i liar bgas-1lu lCflswhich is th~ b~s~ way. of q.ojng it? Gir.,

sf /o

'/'<//.; sems-can mis byds-na ttys-pa yan yinwliich of tlie actions of human beings are

good (in this connection it is nearly the same

asbz<i>'i-j>i>. morally good); leys is also used

in politely hinting or requesting, like the

English 'you had better': 1,'yod pyin - paleys(-so) Glr., and still more polite: yseys-

par leys your Highness had perhaps better

go etc. l*th;nus-na sin-tu leys- so if you

can do it, very well! DzL;also leys-so alone,

very well! well done! leys-so leys-so ex-

cellent! capital! 2. neat, elegant, grace-

ful, beautiful 6'. 3. *ldy-mo* W. good, due,

and adv. well, duly, properly, like leys-par

(v. above), ,e.g. *me lay-mo Obar Oduy* the

fire burns well, *U-ka lag-mo cos* you have

worked well; but most frq.: clean, pure,

clear, *cu lay-mo* pure or clear water (opp.

to rtsoy-pa); fine, of powder,= zib-mo;

*ldy-mo co-ce* to clean, clear, wash, wipe,

sweep etc.; to reduce to fine powder, to

pulverize.

Comp. leys-can Sch., leys-lddn Cs. vir-

tuous (?). leys-byds, resp. leys-mdzdd good

deed, good work Cs. leys-sbydr, jjJMifl,

well constructed, skilfully arranged, high-

wrought, hence: the Sanskrit language.-

leys-smon patron, protector, well-wisher, con-

gratulator Cs. leys- bsad a remarkable

saying, a sententious remark Mil., two works,called after their authors yon-dkdr and sa-

skya-leys-bsdd, are recommended to students

of the language. leys-ysol resp. thanks,

acknowledgment, gratitude C.

QMTCJ" l^n-pa (rarely Idn-ba, Ion -pa), pf.

bloiis (rarely Ions), fut. blan, imp. Ion

Cs., /o/i(s) Dzl., Mil., blans Cs., W. : *len-ce,

nen-ce, bldn-ce* to take, i. e. 1 . to receive,

get, obtain, ynas-ndn an inferior place viz.

for being re-born Thyy. 2. to accept, what

is offered or given, opp. to Odor-ba ;also to

bear, to suffer patiently, to put up with. 3.

to seize, catch, lay hold of, grasp, e.g. one

that is about to leap into the water Dzl.;

to catch up; to catch, to take prisoner, a cul-

prit I)zl.\ to carry off, e.g. the arms of

killed enemies; ma byin-par to take what

is not given, to steal, to rob'; len-pa- dra it

is as if it had been stolen from me 67/ . ;

cui't-ma len-pa to get or take a wife, frq.,

also to procure one for another person; srog

/,'/i-j>a=

Opr6y-pa to deprive of life, to kill

I/"//.; to fetch, t<:

n-du( W.*len-na-1a*)soii goand fetch it! to take possession of, to oc-

cupy (by force of arms) Glr.

ttb-mo (Cs. also Itb-po) flat, mon-srdn leb-mo Indian pease are flat,

lenticular; leb-can, leb-leb id. col., *leb-Ub-

la bor* lay it down flat! leb-ma, leb-fdys

lace, bandage, ribbon Cs., <//-//</-///* Icb-

fdys lace of silk thread; bliay-leb a flat loaf

of bread 6'.; sin-Ub, leb-sin board, plank,rdo-leb a slab, cf. yleb-pa.

leu division, section of a speech, of a

treatise, of a book, chapter, of verydifferent length; leu-can Cs., leur byds-paZam. having sections or chapters, being di-

vided into chapters; abbreviated Ic, bsays-

le dan ser-le cad-pa yin the chapters (treat-

ing) of the confession of sins and of wis-

dom are wanting Tar.', le-ma Cs., le-fsdn

Sch. id.

gr lo 1. year (resp. dyun-lo, v. dgut't), lo

Ina-bcu-pa Ma. usually lo liia-bcu Ion-

pa (W.*Ion-Kan*} fifty years old, of fifty

years; bu-mo lo-ynyis-ma a girl two yearsold Ma.; lo dans lo, lo-re(-re)-bzin, 16-ltar

(Sch. also bstdr!) annually, yearly; 16-nas 16-

ru from year to year; snd-lo, Qdds-lo last

year; Odi-lo, usually *dd-lo*, this ye&T', pyi-

lo, C. sdn-lo next year; lo QK'6r-te after one

year had passed, srds-kyis lo Kor-te when

the prince was one year old Glr.;the names

of the twelve years of the small cycle (v.

below) are those of the following twelve

animals : byi mouse, ylan ox, stay tiger, yos

hare, Ob)*uy dragon, sbrul serpent, rta horse,

lug sheep, spre ape, bya hen, kyi dog, pay

hog; thus the first year is called byi-lo the

mouse-year, and byi-lo-pa is a person born

in that year etc. 2. for lo -toy, v. the

compounds; for id-ma leaf, for Id-tsa-ba.

3. prob. : talk, report, rumour, saying, added

(like skad) to the word or sentence to which

it belongs, ce-ye-mo si lo zer-ba fos tsd-na

when a rumour is heard, that N.N. has died

Ol,yq' In'.pa

Tar.; ~11~/lI1 tIIU bym-7la 1~'1w 9cui yill

wllich of the \\Cliolls of buman beings Arcgood (in tllis connection it is IlcArl}' the snmeas b::lin-l"o, morally good); legs is also usedin polilely hinting or requesting, like theEuglisll 'you had better': (yod hJfll· JX~Itg!{~) Gf/'., nDd still more polite: rillgs­par ("!I' yOllr Highness had perhaps bettergo etc. 1'1.1/ ; flUs-lIU iill.tu Ilgs-so if yOll

C:1O do it, very well! Dzl.; nlso IIgNO Alone,vcry well! well done! 'fga~S(J I~,.,o ex­cellent! cnpital! - 2. neat, elegant, grace­ful, beautiful C. - 3. "fUg.71u)" IV. good, due,I\.Ild ad\'. well, duly, properly, like {Ifp-par(v. Above), _c.g. "me !do-mo "bar oduy· thefirc burns well, "1I-ka Idg.7Ilo Co$"YOll ha.veworked well; but most frq.: clean, pUrt,clear, "i!i, fag-lIIo" pure or clear water (opp.to r1Js6g - pa); fine, of powder, _ zib -1IKl;

-fO.g_11IQ i:6-U' to clean, clear, wash, wipe,sweep etc.; to reduce to fine powder, topulverize.

Compo 1~8-c(m Sch., ll'g'-Iddn C•. vir­tuous(?). - Il'fI'-bydB, «,sI1. fCg8-'1I1J::dd gooddeed, good work (4. - ltgB-Bbydr, ~,well constructed, skilfully nrrnnged, hlgh­wrought, hence: the Sn.nskrit lnngullg'e. ­ItyNmo,t patron, protector, well-wisher, can­grntulator u. - leg. - Uad u. rcmnrknblesaying, a. sententious remark Atii., two works,cnlled nfler their authors goli..([kdr and .a­8lya-Ie[!8-Mdd, are recommended to studentsof the language. _ Icg.-r$O/. relip. thanks,acknowledgment, grntitude C.~~..q' Ibl-pa (rarely 16n-ba, 16n-pa), pf.

blo,i. (mrely 10IiB), fut. Mail, imp. lOllc.., foli(.) D::l., Atil.,lHMia lA., lV.; -Int-c/"1Im-ce, bldli-w- to take, i.e. 1. to receive,get, obtain, r1tas-,idn an inferior 11lace viz.for being rc-born Tilgy. - 2. to accept, whatis offered or gh'ell, opp. to odJr-ba; also tobear, to suffer patiently, to Pl/t up with. - 3.to seize, catch, lny IlOld of, grasp, e.g. onet1mt is obout w lellp inw the w,nter D::I.;to catch up; to catch, to take prisoner, Il. cul­prit D:;I.; to carry off, e. g. the nrms ofkilled enemies; flta byi'''''par to tnke whatis Dot gi\'1~n, to steal, to rob;; Ihlo-pa-odro it

551Of I,

is M if it lll\d been .stolen from me Glr.;~';-1/la Ibt'lm to get or t.nke a. wife, frq.,nl~ to proCUfC one for nnotber penon; '''Of!Un-pil _ olil'OfJ-f'a to deprive of life, to killM,ig.; to fetch, Ibl·du( W. -U'I-lw.la-)lOli goan(l fetch it! to take !)()S;;ession of, to oc­cupy (by forw of Ilrlns) Glr.Ct::r~ Ub-mo (01. l\lso leb-po) flat, mon­""i arlin IIb-IIIO Indian pCMC lire f1nt,leutieulnr; leb-?an, leb-lib id. col.l -Itb-Jeb·10 11Q,J' lay it down f1nl! lib-ma, I,.{,- (ug.lace, bandage, ribbon C•., (Iar-akitd.Jq/i I~(tl!Js !nee of silk thrend; U,ag-leb n f1:\l loofof bread C.; liJi-Ia, leb-Jilj bonnl, pInok,rtkrl& n slab, cr. glib-po.c:n.. leu division, section of n speech, of a

'" trentisc, of :10 boole:, chapter, of verydifferent length; leu-ca't c.., lcul' bYfl.-paZalll. having sections or c111\pters, being di­vided into ehnpters; abbreviated Ie, biagB­Ie doit ier-Ie Cad-po y;'1 the clJapters (tteat­ing) of the confession of sins and of wis­dom are wanting 1'01'.; 'e.-7IItl C,., 1e-(sQlI

&h. id.ar 10 1. year (resp. dgMI-lo, v. dyllli), 1o[,ia-bcu-pa Mu. usunlly 10 llia-bm lon­

pa (1V. -/M-J,.'U7t-) fifty years old, of fiftyyenrs; bu-'1IlO lQ-fnyia-mo a. girl two yenrsold Ma.; 1o dUli. 10, lo-,./(-rc)-b::in, lo-Itar(&It. a.lso bardl'!) annl/ally, yearly; 16-nll$ 16­ro from yenr to }'enr; alid-Io, oddl-Io lastycnr; "di-Io, usuolly -M-M-, this yerl.t; ftyi­1o, C. I/bi-/() next year; 10 o~I6r-tc nfler olleyear ha.d passed, ardl-J.yi4 '0 /!m·-te whenthe Ilrince was one year oldGlr.; the namesof the tweh·e years of the small cycle (v.below) are those of the following twelveanimals: byi mouse, g/on ox, .tag tiger,!JO'bnre, _bl"Ug dmgon, wl'ul serpent, rta borse,lUff sheep, apr/! ape, bya bCD, k!J; dog, flUff

)10g; thus the first year is CAlled b9i~/o themouse-}'ear, and by(.IQ-pG is a persan bornin tbnt yur etc. - 2. for /()-tdg, v.thecompouods; for /6-mtl leaf, for lQ.~a-ha.­3. prob.: talk, repor~ rumour, saying, added(like akad) wille word or senWnce to wlliehit belongs, It-!JMIIO Ii 10 ::b·lm (01 tld-lIawhen l\ rwnour is heord, that N.N. has died

552

r io '^T log-pa

Thgy.',W.:*da lam far /o*they say the road

is open now; also with a definitive subject:*'a-ce'-ku-lig ton lo* the mistress asks for the

key ;*Ko kdm-se rag h* he says he is thirsty

(yet also in these cases a speaking on hear-

say may be meant: somebody tells me that

Mrs. N.N. asks for etc.); *fsor-lo* report,

rumour W., also *f6h-lo* and *16b (?)-Z0* are

said to have a similar signification; *se-lo*

and *rig-lo* W. are expressions of which I

cannot give a satisfactory explanation; bsdd-

lo byas kyan krdm-payin M7.,prob.: though

he may get a name (in the world) by his

learned discussions, he is after all a liar.

lo 3 prob. occurs only in col. language and

more recent pop. literature; Dzl. WV, 17 lo

is a corrupt reading for ysol. 4.num.: 146.

Comp. Jo-skor (Cs. also lo-L'or) cycle of

years, a period of twelve years; it is the

usual manner of determining the exact time

of an event, which also tolerably well suf-

fices for the short space of a man's life. If

for instance a person in a dog-year (e. g.

1874) says that he is a byi-h-pa, it may be

guessed by his appearance, whether he is

10 or 22, 34, 46 etc. years old, and thus

also in other cases accidental circumstances

must help to determine the precise date of

an event. Occasionally, however, the cyclesare counted, e.g. lo-skor brgyad 96 years

Glr. Besides this cycle of 12 years there

exists another of 60 years which is formed

(in imitation of Chinese chronology) bycombining those 12 names of animals with

the names of the (so called) five elements,

sin wood, me fire, sa earth, Icags iron, cu

water. Each of these elements is named

twice, followed, the first time by po, and

the second by mo; which signs of gender

may also be omitted without altering any

thing in the matter. Thus sin(-po)-Kyi-lo,

sin(-mo)-pag-lo , me(-po)-byi-lo, me(-md)-

glan-lo are our years 1834, 35, 36, 37, and

1894, 95, 96, 97 etc. lo-Krfms (v. lo-fdg-

gi Icrims) ceremonies, at the beginning of

harvest. lo-grdns prop, date (of the year),Sch. also : lo-grdns fsdn-ma being of (full)

age. lo-mgd Cs. the beginning of a year,

new-year's day. lo-rgyus v. rgyus. lo-

nan a bad year, a poor harvest. lo-cdg

Cs. 'every second year'. lo-cun or nyuil

C. young, lo-nyun-nyun very young. lo-

nyes= lo-ndn. lo-snym Sch. 'year, pe-

riod or stage of life' (?). lo-tog or -fog

the produce of the year, harvest, crop, lo-

tog rnd-ba to reap it, to gather it in. lo-

fd almanac. lo- dod Mil. earthly-minded,sinner? lo-dpyd annual tribute. -- *lo-

pu,'*=

srus-pud, C. lo-pydg (Ld. *lob-

cag*) embassy sent every year to the kingto renew the oath of allegiance. lo-pyed

half a year. lo-fsdn annual produce, har-

vest, lo-fsan ce-ba a rich, abundant harvest

Glr. lo-Ugs v. legs-pa. lo-bsdd = lo-

fo Cs. lo -yseb Sch. a stack, a heap of

corn (?).

farm' ld-ka Ssk. world, lo-ke-swa-ra =

'

lo-fog, or lo-tog, v. lo, compounds.

lo- ddb v. Id-ma.

Id-ma, W. *ldb-ma*, leaf, Id-ma Ihun,

brul B., (7., *lob-ma dil or dul son* W.

the leaves have fallen; *ldb-ma id-mo* an

acerose or pine-leaf; lo- ddb = Id-ma.

grV' 5f ($f*l-tsa, lo-tsd (v. Ssk. itifYTi to

^ speak ?) the (art of) translating,

sgra dan Id-tsa slob-pa to learn the lan-

guage and the (art of) translating Glr.; also

Id-tsa sgyur-ba to translate Pth.\ Id-tsa-ba

translator (of Buddhist works) lo-cen great

translator, seems to be a certain title; lo-

pdn for ld-tsa~ba dan pdndi-ta.

ld-li-ma Ld. (Urd. ^S) prostitute,

harlot.

log-ge-ba seems to be nearly the

same as log-pa adj ,fe-fsom Idg-

ge-bai nan-la prob. : entertaining irrational

doubts or scruples; baft-rim Idg-ge-ba an

inverted ban-rim q. v.; Idg-ge-ba-la Kyer he

took it back again Mil.

log-pa I. vb., pf. and secondary form

of Iddg-pa, q. v., 1. to return, to go

back, yiil-du Glr.; *nam log-te ca dug* W.,

*nam Idg-ne do-gyu yin* C. when will you

552

1'/I!!'1.; lV,: ·da lam tar 10" they say tue roodis open now; also with a definitive subject:'"'a-lJ'kit-lig fo,,' 10'" the mistress asks forthekey; '"Ito A:6m-u rag 10" lie says he is thirsty(yet also in these cases a speaking on hear­stly may be mcant: somebody tells me t1l11tMrs. N.N. asks for etc.); ·66r-lo· report,rumour W:, also "tIM-lo'" nnd '"lOb (?)-lo'" aresaid to have a similar sigaification; '"~e-{o'"

ond '"rig-lo'" lV. are upressions of which Icannot give a satisfactoryuplanotion; UJd­lo byas ,,-"Yali krJm-payin Mii.,prob.: thougllhe may get a 11I\11I0 (in the world) by hislenrned discussions, he is ofter all a liar. ­io 3 prob. occurs only in col. 1t'llIguage andmore recent pop. liternlure; Dzl. :.rt'V, 17 10is a corrupt rendiog for rVJI. - 4. nuUl.: 14G.

Compo lo-d>(>r «(,3. also lo-fol') cycle ofyears, n period of twelve )"e:lrs; it is theusual manner of determining the exact timeof o.n event, which also tolernbly well suf­fices for tbe short space of a man's life. Iffor iost."mce 1\ pcrson in a dog-ycM (c. g.1814) says that be is aby(-lo-pa, it mny beguessed by his appearlUlce, wliCther he is10 or 22, 34,46 etc. years old, lind thusl\lso in other cases accidental circumstancesmust help to determine the precise dale ofaD e\"ent. Occ.'lSionally,llowever, the cycles

"lite counted, e.g. lo-sh.ll' br9.!Jad DO yearsGIl'. Besides this cycle of 12 ycurs thereexists anotller of GO years which is formed(iu imitation of Chinese chronology) bycombining tbose 12 nnmcs of animnls witlltho nllme!< of the (so culled) fil'e elements,M,j wood, mil fire, sa ellrth, l~afJ3 iron, ;:1.1water. ElICh of these elements is namedtwice, followed, the first time hy po, on(lthe second by 1110; wllich signs of gendermllY also Le omitted witllOut nlterin~ IInything in the matter. Thus Sili(-po)-lIyi-lo,Ai" (-'TIIO)-jJog-lo, me(-po)-b1Jj~/IJ, 1110'1(-mo)­glati-lo are. our yenrs 1834, 35, 36, 37, and18!)4, 95, 96, 97 etc. - lo-ltrims (v. lo-tdg­gi lfrilll$) ceremonies, at the beginning ofhnrvest.-lo-grtlJis prop. dnte (of tho year),Sek also: lo-g'Yi"s tsuJi-1IIa being of (full)age. - lo-mgo es. tile beginning of a year,

t:

new:year's day. - lo-rgiJus v. rgyus. - lo­nJn a bad yellr, II poor blLTvest. .:.... lo-cuglAo 'every second year'. - lo-cuJi or flyuJiC. young, lo-nywi-nyuJi very youug. - 10­fl!Jt3 - lo-Men. - lo,sllgh, Seh. ')'cllr, pe­riod or stage of life' (?). - lo-tO!J or -(t.lgthe produce of the year, harvest, crop, 10­tQg r"u-ba to reap it, to gather it in. - lo­td almanac. - lo-odod Mil. eortbly-minded,sinner? - lo-Jp!Ju annual tribute. - '"to­PY/'" - 8rtu-ftUd, C. - lo-pyug (lA. '"lob­'tat!) cmbassy scnt every yeM to the kingto rcnew the oath of allegiance. - lo-p,yMbnlf a yellr. - lo-hun annual produce, ha,'"vest, 10-61111 Ci-lJa a rich, IIbundant harv~tGlr. - lo-li[Js v.INJ8-Pa. - lo-bAad -10­to CB. ~ lo - rsi:b Belt. a stnck, a heap ofcorn (?).ilf"1· l6-J.·a &k. world, lo~J.-Nwa-'I"a = 'IIIlf-

.nfm,.~-':l-£ffI- lo-(Og, or lo-fOg, v. lo, comjJoun&".

a:f~~.:r lo-odab \'. 16-ma.

ar~- 16-11111, W. '"lOb--ma", leaf, l&-ma lIm/i,brulE., C., -lOb-ma (lil or t/ul SOli'" n~

tllO leaves have folleo; '"lOb-ma (ti~m()'" linIIcel'ose or pine-leaf; lo-odab -l&-ma.

ari- ar\S. lo-tsa, lo-uti (v. Ssk.~ to, r:.. speak?) the (artof)translating,

sgra da,i M-tsa s16b-pa to learn the lan­guage and the (art of) trnnslating GlI·.; also16-f$a lY!Jul·-ba to U"o.aswtc Pili.; M-Isa-batranslator (of llllJdhis~works) lo-'Nn greattrnnsl"tor, Seenl!; W Le 1\ eertnin titlc; lo­pdQ for M-tsa-ba dali pdQJ£-ta.

ar~·~: !.d-li...7IIa IA. (Urd. J."J) prostitute,harlot

ar=l']·~-.q· 109-ge-lJa seems to be nearl), thesllmc IlS It.lg-pa adj, (e-fMJ-m lOU­

ge-bai lid,,-la proL.: entertaining irmlionaldoubts or scruples; bail-rim ldg1le-ba linim"crtcd ba,i-r(m q. v.; 16g-!Je-ba-la Mger he\ook it back Again Mil.ar=l']"tf lou-pa 1. vb., pf. nnd secooollry form

of IdOg-pa, q. v., J. to return, to goback, yill-du GlI·.; '"lIam 109-ft (Ja dl/g'" I.~,

"flWII 109-n~ ~M-fJ1Ju !Jill- C when will )"ou

Jogs

return? I6g-pa Otad Glr., I6g-la Od6d-do Glr.

let us turn back, jfyto Itypai lam the wayback. 2. to come back, to come again.

-

'''. to turn round, to be turned upside down, to

tumble down H'., e.g. of a pile of wood etc.;

im I<'></-pa or Id6g-pa to turn away one's

face, always usedfig. for to turn one's back

on, to apostatize K6r-bai yul tid-ldoq-na if

you mean to turn your back to the land of

the cycle of existences, more frq. : I6g-pa

biji'd-pa to revolt, to rebel, log-pa rtsom-pato plot, to stir up, an insurrection Glr., log-

pa-mKan a rebel Glr.;*

log-pa-can* rebel-

lious, seditious W.

II. adj. reversed, inverted; irrational, wrong,

log-pai lam, lam log-pa Mil. a wrong way ;

I6g-pa-la zugs-pa^to rush into error, to turn

to what is wrong?'), also euphemism for to

fornicate Sty.; lta-(ba)- log^-pa) v. ltd-ba;

cos-log a wrong faith, false doctrine, heresy;

grwa-l6gt jo-log col. an apostate monk or

nun; log -par and (col.) log adv. wrong,

amiss, erroneously, log-par sem-pa to think

evil, to have suspicions (about a thing), often

-Ita-log skyed-pa to sin; frq.: *log Qdren-

pa* to mislead, seduce B.; *log ydn-ce* W.

to come back, to return, *si-log yoii-cc* to

recover life, to revive (after having been

nearly lifeless), to rise from the dead, prob.also: to appear as a ghost W.; *nad log-

gydb tail* W. the disease has become worse

again, there has been a relapse; *la-log (bla-

log} pd-ce* W. to turn, e.g. the roast; *cud

log tan-ce* v. ycud.

Comp. log-cos Ma. = cos-log. locj-rtogs

wrong judgment, false knowledge. log-

Ita = Ita-log, v. ltd-ba log-spyod, Lt. : log-

spyod nan-pa perverse conduct, a sinful life.

ioff- fso with sgrub-pa to live in a sinful

manner, as much as : to live by crime, byvice Mil.

l (Js 1 S'd6> rtsig-logs the side of a

wall, mdun-logs fore-side, front-side,

rgydb-logs back, back part of a thing; logs-

re 1. side-post of a door (opp. to yd- and

tnd-re}. 2. each side (v. re 3); logs-bzdit the

right or upper side, lot/s-Stdn the left or lower

side (of a cloth) C's.; surface, sal of the earth

;

side, direction, region,

tin- pint of the feet, up i'mm the feet (e.g.

a|>;iin

in the body proceeding up from the

feet) Sch.; yyas-logs the right side, yy6n-

logs the left side, frq.; fm^-loya this side,

on this side, pd^-log the other side, on

the other side; 16gs-w, log*-la aside, apart,

*zdc/-pa* C. to lay by, to put aside, to putout of the way, to clear away, I6gs-m dgur-

ba, bkdr-ba means about the same; logs-su

bkdl-ba to hang aside, to hang up in another

place; logs-nayod-pa to be distinct, separate,

to live by one's self, solitarily Schf., Tar.

45, 18; I6gs-pa other, additional, by-, co-,

spare-, rgyags Jogs-pa spare-provision, so

also logs ycig: fdg-pai sne-mo logs ycig the

other end of a rope. 2. wall, *log-zdf W.

id.; logs-bris mural or fresco painting Tar.

- Ion 1. leisure, spare-time, vacant time,

time, loii yod-du re-la, ndm-zla Odas

whilst you are always hoping to have (still)

time(enough), you allow the favourable mo-

ment to pass away Mil.; similarly: Ion yod

snyam-la mi-fse zad Mil.] sdod-pai Ion med-

par without delay, immediately, directly

Glr.; */ta yon-Ion med* 6'., W. I have not

time to come; *peb-lon yod-na* ifyour honour

have time to come 6', W.; rdeg-lon ydit-bas

as there will be yet plenty of time to beat

(me, you had better hear me now) Mil. ;

loit-ytam Sch. : 'cheerful talk, animated con-

versation'. 2. imp. of laii-ba and len-pa.

jfc*T!* Sfc'pT Sfc'OT loit-ka, loii-K-a, lon-

1

ga Med. intestines,

entrails, guts; strictly taken itis said to denote

only the blind gut(?); yur-'oii, indr-t'oii. ('*.:

the upper gut, the lower gut or thin guts,

thick guts; lo/'t-ndd a disease of the guts.

lon-ba 1. pf. and secondary form of

Idon-ba, as vb. : to be blind, and fig.:

to be infatuated; as adj.: blind, blinded etc.,

as sbst. : blind m&nDzl. /o//-/V/</(or Arytlrf-

pa) the guide of a blind man Lc.r. ; loii-po,

lon-ba-po a blind man ( x. : *tii/<'-lu/i* W. an

empty ear of corn, a tare. 2. also IOHS-

pa,=

len-pa Glr. or laii-ba \,2 Glr.

Idti-bu Stg ,lo/'t-nin Mil. ankle-bone,

N:>

astragal.

553Mri-bu

return? ldg-pa .tad Gir., Idg.la .,Ihkl-do Glr.let us turu bAck, J>'yir MYfili 1m/I the wayback. - 2. to come back, to come again. ­:l. to turn round, to be turned upside down, totumble down IV., e g. of II pile of wood etc.;';0 ldfJ-JII'I Of 1d6[l-pa to tum n\1'lly one'sfAce, nhmY8 used fig. for to tunl one's backon, kJ n[lostatir.e ol.fOt·-bai yul M-lJ6q-lIa if),ou mcan to tUI'n )'OUf back to the hU1l1 ofthe c)'de of CXiSWllCes, more frq.: MfJ1labyM.pa to revolt, to rebel, ldg.-pa f·~Jm.-Ptl

to lllot, to stir up, All insurrection Glr., Mg.pu-lIIl.'an n rebel Glr.; °ldg_ptJ-can" rebel­lious, 8pditioliS TV,

lI.:ulj. reversed,inverted; irrational, wrong,l&j-pai lalli, lam Idg.pa Mil. a wrong wn)';IdfJ-pa-w ::uy$-l'a('10 rush into error, to turnto wllllt is wrong?'), ntso eUI,hemism for tofornicate Stg.; lta-(ba}- log(-pa) v.lM-ba;(~16[JAwrong fnith, fnlse doctrine, heresy;!/J"I('{I.ldq, )o-Mg col. nil Allostnte monk ornUll; IJrJ - par nnd (col.) log ndv. wrong,llmiss, erroneousl)" MY-/HII'sMlI-pa to thinkevil, to luwesuspicions (aboutatlling), often_It".l&j skyM..pa to sin; frq.: "log odrl'1l­1m" to mislead, seduce H; "loy yQ,j-f:e" iV.to col11e back, to return, "ili-l&j yOii-c? torecover life, to rcvivc (after having beennelnly lifeless), to rise from the deud, prob.nlso: to appenr as A ghost lv'; "?lad lofJ­!/yab {wi" IV. the disense hns become worsellgnin, there hns been a relapse; "la-lJrJ (bla­ld<;) IxJ-t~" IV. lo turn, e.g. the roast; "Cudl()y tali-ct:" v. rrod.

Camp. log-Cos Ma. - Co8-1Ofj. - 10g-rt&fJswrong judgment, false knowleugl'. - lOfj­lla -lta-Id<;, \·.ltd..fJa -lorrspl/(){I, U.: lOfj­sl'!Jod liUII1Ja pen'erst conduct, a sillfullife.- IOg-,/so with IlfJI'tib"]Ja lO liyc in a sinfulml\nner, M much ll.S: to liye by crime, liyvicc Mil.ar~~' I()(JS 1. side, J'!sIy-logs the side of a

wnll, mdim-IOfIS fore-sidt>, fl·ont.-sidll,rY!Jdb.IOfJs baCK, bn.ck part of n thinK; fdgs­J'e I. side.post of a door (opp. to yti. andJlld·re). 2. en.ch side (Y. I"c3); 1()(jS-lmili tlieright or nplICl'sitle, 1()(Jf"/ith~ the lenor lowersitle (of n cloth) Cs.; surface, 8/1i of the enrth;

'i

side, direction, region, rldti1Jui-IOtfl-7Ia, fromtile pnrt of the feet, up from the feet (e.g.n pnill in the body proceeding up frout thefcet) Srll.; )'!Ja.-logs the l-ight side, r1J4'I­llXfl the left side, frq.; ($u(f')-logtl tillS side,on this litle, Jid(r)-I()(.I' the olher side, ontile otller ~ide; M'JS-IU, f&.I'_1a aside, apart,"ztifJ-pa" C. to lily by, to put aside, to putout of the wu)', to clear Qway, 10,.I'-su dydr­ba, bkdl"-M means about the sume; 16gt~"

bkdl-/)a to hang ll.side, to llaug up in ll.hotherpln.ce; 100s-na!J(}d.pa to bedistinct, sepArate,to liyc by one's self, solitnrily &ltf., Tal'.45, 18; Mris-pa other, nddilional, by., CO-,spAre-, rgyags logs·pa spare-pro\'ision, sonlso logs rhy: (tf9-lJai IIlC"M lO!Js rf:iu theother enu of:~ rope. - 2. wall, "log-ztil* W,id.; 100Jl-bl"i$ mUflll or fresco painting Tal".r.rt:,. 101' 1. leisure, ~rare-time, ya.cnnt time,

time, loli yOd-du 1-t-lu ndm-da otlaswhilst you lire nhl"afs hoping to hlL\'e (slil!)time(enough), you allow tlle fa\'ourable OlD­

ment to pass awny Mil.; similarly: IOIi'lJ()(lsnyam-la 1Ili-fS(' zad Mil.; adJd..pai loti lIlrn­])G!' \I·ithout delay, immediately, directlyGlr.; ",i" !I,M-!o,j ?lied' G" W: I IJll\'e 1l0t

timetocome; "fJib-fOlj!JOd-na" ifJour honourIJave; time to come G, IV.; nitTI-lou !JO,j-basas tberc will be )'ct plenty of time to lJCat(me, you had better !lenr me now) Mil.;IOli-rlam &h.: 'cheerful talk, aniJunled oon­versation'. - 2. imp. of la,i-ba nud lt1l-pa.arr- 0"1' al:-1::I' a!r-°:rr 101i-ka, 10n-I.'Il, loli-.... -- , ""'--,., ""'-- -I " I tga-.I tJ(. in estioes,entrails, guts; strictly taken itissnid todenoteool}' tile blind gut(?); !Jar-'Ol', lIull'-lo,j (,8. :

the upper gut, the lower gut or thin guts,tllick Ruts; lo,j·mid a disease of the guts.alr-o_.,. lo,j-ba I. II£. and scC<Jndary form of,,~

/./o,j-bu, liS \'l".: to be blind, and fig.:to be infatuated; as adj.: blind, blilldcd etc.,ns sbst.: Mind mAll lJ:l.-Ioii-I..'rill(or)!I;<1­pa) the guide of n blind mllu Lu.; /0';-]'0,IOli-bu-po a blind lIlun c,.; ""yt-ll/lj" W. anempty ellr of corn, 1\ titre. - Z. nlso 10l;s­ptl, .. Ibl-pa Gfr. or la,j-lm I, Z Gi,'.a[1:;,',::r ldH-bu Sty, loti'"1lKJ Mil. ankle.bone,

"" astragal,

554"

Ion-Ion sa

Ion-Ion being in pieces, in frag-

ments C., cf. bun-Ion.

2. in conjunction with spyod-pa: to

use, to make use of, to have the use or benefit

of, to enjoy, e.g. bde-ba dan skyid-pa-la

happiness and prosperity; Ion -spyod-par

byd-bai rgyu the object of enjoyment, the

thing enjoyed Stg.; lons-spyod(Ssk. jffar)

1. enjoyment, fruition, use, esp. with regard

to eating and drinking, lons-spyod sd-fa byed

they fed on meat, lons-spyod sin de-las byed

they lived on (the fruits of) this tree Pth.

2. plenty, abundance, bza-btun-gi lons-spyod

dpag-tu-med-pa bsag Glr. they produced or

procured an enormous quantity of food and

drink; esp.: riches, lons-spyod ce-ba great

riches; wealth, property, lons-spyod-kyi bddg-

por gyur he became owner of the property

Dzl.', mcod-pa byd-bai lons-spyod med he

was not rich enough to bring an oifering

(to Buddha) Dzl.

f^'^f ttd-pa, Ud-po, v. Ihod-pa.

lod-po Sch. : 'half through, throughthe middle, one half (?)'.

Ion notice, tidings, message, hn-bzdn

good news, sprin

- ba to give notice, send

word, send a message ;Ion kyur or Ion zei*

has also the special sense: send in myname! 6'.; Ion zig kyer-la sog let me know,send me word Pth.

Ion-pa=

le'n-pa 1. to take, to receive

etc. Glr., Pth., cu lon-nam have youfetched the water? i. e. are you bringing

the water? Pth.] nor-bu mi Ion I shall not

receive the jewel! Pth. 2. more frq. the

word is used with reference to time: to elapse,

to pass, a. in a general sense, lo mdn-po zig

Ion-pa dan after many years had elapsed

Dzl., rin-zig lon-te after a long time, rin-

por ma Ion-par after a short time. b. with

regard to the age of a person: lo ci tsam

Ion how old are you? bcu-drug-lon I am six-

teen Mil.

^ ^- sometimes for lo year, and lob-

ma for 16-ma leaf.

lob-pa, p, imp. lobs, to learn, rarely

for slob-pa] lobs-pa the act oflearning

Dzl.

(5JTJ- los, in truth, indeed, mgon-skyabs ran

los yin he is indeed the helper (from

a hymn in praise of Buddha).

HI 1. the letter sa, the English sh, but pa-'

latal; in C. it is distinguished from(^ (za)

only by the following vowel being sounded

in the high tone. 2. num. : 27.

n' sa I. 1. flesh, meat, yydg-sa yak's flesh,1

lug-sa mutton; sa Ofsod-pa ( W. *tso-ce*)

to boil meat; sa rhod-pa (W. *no-ce, srdg-

ce*or*ldm-ce*') to roast meat;c

pyi-sa out-

ward flesh, ndti-sa or ndn-ca inward flesh,

or the entrails' Cs.(?) ; sd-nas cdd-pai bu Glr.

the child of my own flesh and blood; sa

Krig-pa sexual instinct; *'d-pesa, 'd-me sa*

in W. a vulgar form of attestation;surface

Of the body, sai ri-mo spots, stripes etc. on

the skin (of an animal) Tar. 2. muscle,

nu-sa thoracic muscle Mng. 2. for sa-K6g

v. compounds.II. v. sd-ba and sa-mo.

Comp. sa-bkra n. of a cutaneous disease

Med. sa-skdm meat dried in the sun. -

sa-Kdn larder; butcher's stall. sa-Ku broth.

sa-K6g the body of a slaughtered animal,

i;1t:,'afc:.' lon-loti being in pieces, in frag­ments C., ce. bull-ton.

a.jt,~. {o,is., 1. pC. lind imp. of ldn-l!a. -2. in conjunction with 8p'JtJd~pa: to

list!, to make use of, to IllWC tJleuseor "enefitof, to enjoy, e.g. bdUa dan 8kyid -po, - fahappiness I\Ild prosperity; ItM-spyod-JX1I'b!Ju-bai 'rU!lu the object of cnjopnenl, thething enjoyed Stg.; lotis-spydd (&1.:. mtr)1. enjoyment, fruition, use, esp. with regurdto eating and drinking, ]QriHp!Jdd &u-la b!Jedthey fed on menl, lon8-spyOd 8iti dl--las b,'1edthey lived on (the fruits of) tbis tree )Jell.2. plenty, abundance, b:a-btilli-gi ldliNp!JOd(IJWU-tu-mid-pa beag Glr., tbey produced orprocured nn enormous quantity of food lIuddrink; esp.; riches, !O/iNP!fOd ci-ba gnutriches; wealth, property,lrhis-apyod-kyi Mag­por !J!IU" be became owner of the propertyDd.; mCtki-pa byu-bai 'dfi3-~pyod 'nu:d heW:lS not rieh enough to bring an olTering(00 Buddha) D:J.

ar~"r, af~'q:'IM-pa, Idd-po, v. IllMfa.

~':ar IM-po Sell.: '11Itlf through, through, 1 the middle, one hll.lf(?)'.~. Ion notice, tidings, message, lon- b::JJi

"1" 'agood news, spr{,j.ba to give notice, sendword, send u message; ion kyur or ion ::erhas abo the special sense: send in myname! G.; lon zig A'yer-fa iJog let me know,send me word 1'tll.

~'.::r hilv-pa - lin-pa 1. 10 take, 10 receiveetc. G{I'., 1'111., eu ldn-nam have you

fetched the wnter? i. e. nre you bringingthe water? 1"111.; rWr-bu 'IIli Ion I shaH Dotreooi,'c the jewel! 1'111. - 2. more frq. theword is used with refereilCe wtime: to elapse,10 pass, /I. in a general sense, 10 mdli-ZX' zi[/(dnfa da/i nfler many years had elapsedDd., rhi-Zig 1O""te nfter II long time, riJi­por rna Mn-par After:\ short time. b. wit.hregard 10 the nge of u. person: 1o C:i tsamIon how old are )'on? lK'.u-drilg-lon I am six­teen Mil.af.:r lob IV. somctimes for {Q year, and /db-

rna for {o-rna leal.

ai".:::r.q lQb-pa, pf., imp. lob$, 10 learn, rarely""\ forslQb-pa; IObs-pathcaetoflearlliogDd.at.~ ioa, in truth, indeed, rng6n-skyabs rali""\ los yin lIe is indeed the hellIer (froma hymn in praise of Buddha).

"'9 1. tlm letter sa, the English sh, bu~ pa-laml; in C. it is distinguished from ~ (bz)

only by the following \'owel being soundedin the high tone. - 2. DUm.; 27."'1 ga I. I. flesh, meat, nIU~(l. yak's fles!l,

1-ug-iJa mutton; sa o(8dJ~pa (lV. -tsd-U')to boil ment; aa rnod-pa ( ~v. -,io..ce, iJr&[/­U or -ldm-ce~) to roast meat; pyi-8a out-­ward flesh, nu/i....a or ndli-la inwnrd flesh,or theentrnils' GB.(?); iJ&-nat crld-jJ(li bu Gfr.the child of my own flesh and blood; iJa

.l!dg-pa sexual instinct; - 'd-p! iJa, 'a~ iJa­in IV. a vulgar form of attestation; surfaceof the body. gai l'i·11lQ spots, stripes ele. 00the skin (of an animal) Tar. - 2. muscle,mi~a tlJ.oJ'tlcic muscle 111';[1. - 2. for ~a-'Qg

v. compounds.II. v. iJu-ba and ~a-mo.

Camp. iJa-bkra n. of a cutaneous diflCllSeMea. - ,ya-dei-In ment dried in the sun. ­~a-/!dli larder; butcher's stnll.- iJa-l!u broth.- ~a-l!6g the body of n slaughtered animal,

wiihout the skin, head, and entrails, ce-&a

of ;i large cun-ya of a small animal -

*<!-/. /<;</ 11. -sh and blood, meton. 1. for body,

x(i-lcr<i<j j-sul-ba a sound body Mil. '2. for:

child ivn horn of the same parents Cs. -

sd-rgifutjs fat meat. *sa-cug* (jia bcu(f)

meat cut into strips and hung up to dryin the sun W., C. (Hook. II, 183). m-ij&nraw meat. sa-nyogSch.: 'soup with greens

in it'. su-rnifIii old meat. sa-mdog colour

of the skin, complexion Dzl. and elsewh.

sa-mdog-log-pa Cs.: erysipelas, St. Anthony'sfire? sa-ntig the lean of meat Cs. sa-

ndd a certain disease Lt. *sd-na* (lit.-swa)

W. ardour, zeal? sd-spu feathers, downs.-

*sa-spin* meat boiled down to jelly W.

sa- prog Mil. ? --*sd-bhag

- leb* a sort

of pie baked in oil 6'. sa-bo sheep, cattle

or other animals destined for slaughter Mil.

nt. sd-Qbu a maggot. *sa-bur* W. boil,

abscess, ulcer; Sch.: mark leftby a lash, weal.

*sa-dti* rice boiled with small pieces of

meat 6'. sa-sbmii flesh-fly, blue-bottle-fly.

sct-iinm fleshy excrescence, a little lumpin the muscular flesh. sa - btsus boiled

meat. sa-fsd 1. hot meat. 2. friend Pth.,

S.y., sa-fsa-can amicable, attached W.

sa-fsdn dmdr-po Sch.: 'a tumour resembling

a weal or a wart'. sa-tsil the fat of ilesh.

-M-fson-pa butcher, dealer in meat. -

sa- dzin 1. a hook for taking meat out of

a kettle 6'., W. 2. the fork of Europeans.sa- dzcr wart. tia-zd, sa-zdn 1. prop.:

flesh-eater, carnivorous animal. 2. gen.: a

class of demons, described as fierce and

malignant, Ssk. fq^rf^.--

m-zug, sa-yzug= zug 2. sa-rug dried apricots, with little

pulp, and almost as hard as stone. sa-

i~id lean flesh. siwil \. little meat-pies.

2. Y. sa-ba. sa-rug sauce, gravy C. sa-

rfil putrid moat. sa-rd a disease \\\lii.,

is said to be an induration of the skin, callus,

or perh. scirrhus. sa-rlon fresh meat, raw

meat, sa-ysdr flesh of an animal that has

just been killed.

/ swa 1. Dzl. W ,1. Sch.: high water,

J flood, inundation. "2. Lt: a certain

hereditary disease or infirmity?

555

.s-/- some kind of game (V) H '//>.

,Ka-ce sti-l.-<i-iint saffron-.... Kd

'

tta-kar Cs. a kind of sugar.

a-kon, or .sa- /Jo'n, Wdn.', S'cA.:grudge,

resentment, hatred.

ld-kya Ssk., ji6d-pa Tib., the mighty,

o the powerful, the bold, n. of the family

of Buddha, the founder of the Buddhist

religion, and hence often n. of Buddha him-

self, also sd-kya-fub-pa (Mil. rather boldly

abbreviates it into sak-fub), su-ktja-mu-ni,

su-kya-seh-ge.

./T^rps"m-dkdr v. ysa-dkar.

/-i'5jr' xa-skdd the cawing or croaking of

' ravens W.

rrs sa-sky6 Mng.? perh. dough mixed with

meat.

-.__.-... _.__.-. M-Ka-ma, sd-Ka-ra = 5a-

ka-ma and sa-ka-ra.

sa-Kug Sch. a small bag or purse.

R" sa-Kyi Sch. a shaggy dog, a poodle.

"

sa-fi'6n v. sa-kon.

m-gos, col. for sam-gos.

a-&n LUsa-nydm(s) Lex., as explanation

otdbal?

tsa-sta, klu Wilit.

1. also sa-d<if/ mere, merely,

Only, l>ycu sd-dag btsds-te only sons

being born Dzl.; mi dbul- pohs-pa >ni-s1ug-

ste as they are all of them poor people Dzl.;

bdm-pa-mfoi'i-ba *<i-st<t</-tn gyur-to they all

come to the knowledge of the truth Tar.

2. Ld. for (>'tai}xdin(-la}-bta(js(-pa) a

pack, a bundle, fastened to the saddle be-

hind the rider, *sd-stag-la Kol or r?l ton*

tie it up, fasten it behind!

S," *d-di Ld., Pur. ape, monkey.

hemp. ( k: flax, .^i-jT3T *a~na ' s

' nai ras<S/^r.,

Sch.: ^fine linen', sd-nai

without the skin, Ile.d, I'JIII enll1lil" l4!-Jaof II, large - CN';';11 of. smn.1I nninml ­ifl-frug flesh 1111\1 blood, mclon. l. for body,ia-I.'rOo ,.aI-btl ft lIOund body Mii. 2. for:c.biMreo born of thc sam.e I,nrents w ­Jt••rgyd!l' fat meat. - ';_"!I (ill bnr,)meat cut illto strips IlIId hung up to dryin the sun n~, C (1/001:. II, 183). - ia-rjm11l'" ml"at,.- ia-'H!l6y&h.: 'lIOul' with greensin il'.-;a-".gili old Inc"t.-M-wwUtJ c.olouroCthe ~kin, complexion D::/. nlld elsewh. ­Ja-,,~ (a.: ".,.;ptlm,St.Anlhony'llfireT - io..,.o!J the 1e.1n of me.t W. - Ja­"eid. ct'rtAin disuse Lt. - ·;a..7U.·(lit....."a)11'. ...dour, ua!? - Jd-fptr fC&lhen, down.\!.- -ia~·It· l!Iet1.t lIoiled do.·n to jell)" lI'.- JD-.lw6g Mii.! - ·io-lJlay-W,· a sortor pie bllk~ in oil C. - ia-bo sheep, (aulcOr otbu llQ.ilIl1\ls de.tined for lIaughkr Alii.JilL - iti-i'" a maggol- ·JD-bw"- 11'. boi~abscess, uletti &h : mllrk left U)' allUill, "·eal.- ·Ja-4"" rice boiled" ilb Im:'llillie«s ofmealC - kI-Wru" flesh-fly, blue-boule-OJ.- ia-"""" ne"by exeretlCenct', aliltle IUPlI'in the muscular f1e;;h. - ia·laUs ooiledmeat. - ia-~j I. hOL meat. 2. frieod Ptil ..S{}., ia-faa-«m .micabl~ nttached iV: ­ill·f.kin d",ti,...po &11_: 'It tllPlour resemlJling" weal or a wut'. - ia_f,it tile fat of ftcsh.- iti.flOif-pa butcher, dealer io meaL ­ia-.d::in t." hook for lAking mellot out of" kettle <.-: 1 11'. 2. the fork. of Ellropeaos.- ia-od:;" wnrt. - ia-:u, ;a_zan 1. prop.:Dcsll--eat.er, Cllrn;'·OI'OU8 lI.Qimftl. 2. gen.: ne11l58 of demons, dl!llCribed 1\11 fierce andmalign:'lllt,Sak. f'~. - ia-zw9, ia-y::u9= zII9:.!' - Ja-rfiy dried apriCOls, with littlepulp, ftnd nlmO!>l IU hllord as stone. ~ la­rid lean flesl.. - 'iH·il I. liule meILl-l,ies.1. \". 'a-ba. - ia.'';y snu<:e, grnYJ C, - ia·rill IlIllrid meat. - Ja-I'd a disease mM.,is suit! 10 be nn indurntionofthukio, cnllus,or I.e.-h. scirrhul. - .lu_ridll frcsh menl, rnwmCllot, M-yldr flesh of an IUlimnl thnt hasjust been killed.+r itta I. D::l. ?,':l, I. &11.: high w:'Iter,

... flood, inundation. _ :/. Lt.: II. cer!llinberedit.nry disease or infirmit)·?

~. ,a-ta some kind of gnme ('I) Wilif.

"'9'''l'~' ~~-ka-ma, ta-lt ;a..{-I.-/l1(1 uflron

-4fTF' M-tar w. It kintl of suglLr.

,.cr~· ,a-kOlI,or ,a-ol~n, n·d,i.j&J..:grudge,. I resentment, hatred,

~. i&-t!la SK., liM-1M Tib., the mighty,r:.. the powttful, the bold, n. of the familyof Bllddha, the founder ef the Buddhistreligion, and lIenee ofU'n D. of Buddbll. him­!elf, also Jd-l:9"-f.b-pa (Mil. rather boldly"bbre\"iatc;l it ioto WJ:-f..b), id-tga-,mi-"i,it1-J:ya-«,,~_

+f-rrF 'a-dhir 'f. j'ifN.iJ:ar.

.a~-' M.,kUd the a..,..ing or croaking of- I",'" flWCDS W:.!TH" ia.-dyO J1!iog_' l1t"rh. dough mixed 'Kith. I ~ meat.

-r:::rer, 1:1".::;;' M-1.'a-lIu" .ti-ra-ra - in·, . , . ,h._rna :md in·!.,.ra.

~R ia_lirg &h.. tL small bag or pu~e.~

~+fl3' Ja-1.'yi &lr. n "IJa~y dog, .. poodle.

+fa.~ in·olfrin '-. ia-l.w..

"'9'~~ ia-gds, col. for iam-ge..

.".~ '"-'in Lt.'

..crMJ(~Y Ja-Hyd",(.) Lu., u ex"llI.nl'tiop'I F' of i/bai'

~.~ 'il~ta, - A.-lu U'd,i.

""9'~'=fJ' ,ti-.tao 1. also ia-lWo mere, mere",., only, (yeu 'd-dag buti..tt onl,. sons

being \,om D::l.; 1111' dh''l-01kni.-ptl Jti"'I'Y­Ite as the,. nrc IIll ofthclll poor people D::l.;hdhl-pa-m(o,i..!Ja .M-.tao-tu fIIJllr-to thc)" "llcome to lile kDowledge of tile truth 7'ar._ :/. lAo for (,·tai)ililll(-lll)-h/Cl[lf(-pa) I'p:\Ck, I' bUlld]e, fl\Steneu to the SIlddle be­hind the rider, -.d-.lllg-la tul or rn loti·tie iL up, fnsten iL behind!

~.~••ti..Ji Lil., l"\4r. ape, monkey.

..cr.' 'a-na l. &1'.1[llJ hemp, u.: flax. iU·~ 1lai ,'m Sto., &11.: 'fine linen', i,,-J!4i

556

sa-possdn-Ka

gos a garment made of fine linen. 2. v.

sd-sna, sub sa.

*/TJ$4* sd-pos a thick blanket Ld.

-._./rq- sd-ba, swa-ba Cs. W., C., B. a

< hart, a stag, col. usually *sa-

wa-ra-cu or ru-cu*', sd-po the male animal,

sd-mo the hind, roe, sa-prug a young deer,

fawn; cf. k'a-swa.

/Tr sa-ma 1. after-birth, placenta.-- 2.~

an ordinary coat made of cloth which

has not been napped W.*

sa-mi-lig parsley Ld

f^sd-mo C., B. (W. *mog-sa*) mush-

room;the various species of fungus

receive their appellations from their colour

(dkar-sd, nag-sa, smug-sa, ser-sa) or from

the place where they grow (kluns-sa, cu-

sa, lud-sa, sin- so)', the damp climate of

Sikkim produces moreover *so-ke, Kd-waand de-mo (sgre-mo) -sa-mo*, etc. Cs. has

also sa-mah, a thick kind of mushroom.

*jT^VT^' sa-ra so-re (cf. yser-pa) W. moist.

rrr'rrc sd-ri-ka Ssk. n. of a bird, GraculaM^^ To;

'

reutgiom; a species 01 jay.

su-rii-bu, ^jTfT*T% n - of one of the

two principal disciples of Buddha.

JTX* *'^-?'M 1- hartshorn Mcd. 2. n. of a

' vein Med.

sn*fi|cn" -% warped, oblique, aslant W.

/jryy'c*sdk-ti Ssk.: spear, lance, pike, sword,

' ' Cs. also trident; Dzl.

nm- sag, in sag-ter-gds it broke, it burst'

asunder ScJt.

sdg-ma 1 . C. small stones or peb-

bles, gravel, sdg-ma-can gravelly,

sag-fan a plain abounding with gravel.2. W! pebble, sag-rdd rocky ground, covered

with a thin layer of mould which only bydint of much irrigation will yield a scanty

produce; sag-rug gravel, sdg-sa earth mixed

up with pebbles, stony, sterile ground.

sags 1. joke, jest, fun, sags ce-ba byed-

pa to rally maliciously, to turn into

ridicule with sarcasms Glr.; nan-sags Mil.

a bad joke; Ka-sdgs v. Ka. 2. cause of a

contention, object of a dispute or a quarrel,

matter in dispute Mil. ; quarrel, dispute, con-

tention, in gen., *sag gijdg-pa* C. to fight,

to quarrel, to dispute."

san v.

t C

rig v. ycan-po; *san-ldg* a kind of fur, perh.for sbyah-sldg fur-coat of wolfs skin Lh.

san-ldn sabre, sword Pth.

san-sdii a fabulous creature with

wings and bird's feet, but other-

wise like a human being; san-san-feu Cs :

pheasant or partridge (gftcrgfta).

nrsr sans, resp. for sna, the nose, sans-

rgyud Pth., sans-sna id.; sans-l\un

nostril, sans-rtse tip of the nose.

.qr*sad 1. the mark of punctuation :

],also

rkyah-sdd or cig-sdd; it is a diacritical

sign of about the value of our comma or

semicolon; nyis-sdd the double shad, ||,

dividing sentences, or, in metrical compo-

sitions, verses; bzi-sdd the fourfold shad,

'||,at the end of sections and chapters;

fseg-sdd the dotted shad(iY an ornamental

form of the ordinary shad, always made use

of, wrheu a shad is to be put after the first

syllable of a line; sad byed-pa Lex., Ofen-pa

Sch., to make a shad. 2. v. the following

article.

pa,ysod-pa Cs.

1 . to comb, to curry, (a horse), also sad rgydg-

pa. 2. to brush, to stroke, to rub gently

with the hand W.; sdd-ma Sch. curry-comb,

horse-comb; '^sin-se* a wooden rake, *cdg-

se'* an iron rake C.

nx' san 1 . iron hoop of a barrel Cs. 2.

' small boat, *sem-pa* ferry-man C. -

3. snow-leopard W. (cf. ysa). 4. difference,

distinction, san Jbyed-pa to distinguish, de-

cide, determine Mil. and elsewh, yzan-gyis

san mi byed-pas as nobody else is able to

decide it Glr.; skad-ynyis-san-sbyor is said

to be the title of a certain dictionary.

-A3TK*sdn-Ica 1 . oblique W., *sdn-Jfa-la de-

ce* to cut off obliquely; san-fer id.,

556

[JOIl a garment made of fine linen. - 2. v.

wU-81la, sub ~«.

4l'q~f wd-poo a thick blanket Ld.

oo'~' +r=r dd-ba, IIwa-l>a U. lV., C., Jl. a, I '., hart, a stag, col. usually "wa­'I·a·f'u-cu or ru-Cu"; !ld-Po the male animal,!ll,-mo the hind, roe, sa-frog a young deer,fawn; cf. fwwa.oo'~' sa-ma 1. after-birth, placenta. - 2.~-I an ordinary coat made of dotll wllichIIIIS not been nnpped lV.

4l'~'~r ia-mi-Ug parsley IA.

o'5f !ld-mo C., JJ. (lV. "m6g-sa") mush­"" 1 room; tho \"Il.Iious species of fungusreceive their nppelbtions from their colour(dJ.-ar~d, na!l-~a, sIUUg-da, w...sa) or fromthe plnce wl.tere they grow (klu,is-sa, i'!u­ita, bid-ita, Gi,j-ia); tho damp climato ofSikkim producos moroovor "sO-kf, I..(I'-waand tji-ww (sgrt-mo) -ia-mo", ete. es. hasalso ita-mllli, a t!Lick killd of mushroom.

+1":::4f~' !la-ra so--re (cf jU,...pa) lV. moisl

.g'~'rrr A,i-ri-~'a SM. n. of a bird, Gl'acular; 1'flifJiO&l; a species of jny.oO·s:-a;~' itl1-rii-bu,llTf\lA, n. ofoue of tllef:! '""-: '" two prillcipnl disciplos of Buddha.oO':S; "ti-ru 1. hartshorn Med. - 2. n. of A

, 1 "ein AfOO.

""9'aF!r iJa-10g warped, oblique, aslant TV.

.t1"l,. s~k-ti Ss.{": spear, lance, pike, sword,CII. abo tndent; D::l.

.a:n' sag, in ilag-lel'"fIo.s it. broke, it bul'$t., 1'1 llSunder &1,.+1:q'~' iJo.g-ma I. C. small stones or peb-

bles, gravel, 3o.g-1l1IHan gravelly,iJag_(o.,; a plain nbounding with grnvcJ. ­2. Iv. pebble, JaY-I·tid rocky ground, coveredwith a thin Inyer of mould which only b}'dint of much irrigation will yield a scant.yproducc; wag-Mig gl11vcl, Ao.g-sa earth mixednp witb pcbblc~, stony, sterile ground.4l:q..~' ila/fll. joke, jest, fun, Hags 'ft-ba b1JM.

pa to rally maliciously,.to turn intoridicule with snrtnsms Glr.; ,iau-Mys Mil.o bad joke; Ra.JJo.f/8 v. Ma. - 2. cause of a

contention, object. of a dispute or a quarrel,matter in dispute Mil.; quarrel, dispute, con­tention, in gcn., "!lag gyo.g-pa" C. to fight,to quarrel, to dispute.

""9t::.. AOI' v. TAa,j.

+1t:;.'f. .t1t:;·~~r~~f, +1c::.~tf]. AI~,j- fO' :sa:,'" . l:ul-a",lIull-

rig v. yca,,-po; +Jan-lti.g* a kind offur, peril.for sbya,i-sldfJ fur-coat of wolfs skin /.,/,.

4l1::.'~' sa,j-lti,i sabre, sword I'tlI.

""9t:;'41i:.' iJan ..M" a fabulous crcnture withwings nnd bird's feet, but other­

wise like II IluIDnn being; .ta,i-sali-t~!tt G3 :pbonsnnl. or Ill\rtridgc (4I1qlli~q).

""9t:;~ SOli', resp. for ma, the nose, Salis­'Y/1JUd Pt!t., sa,i, .. ,na id.; !lOli8'~lhi

nostril, san,-rtU tip of the nOse.""9:::;' sad 1. IJle IIInrK (If punctllation' 1, 1l.1Sil

"k'!Jan~(id or cig-!lrid; it is n diacriticnlsign of about the \'alue of our comma orsemicolon; tlyu - Still tbe double shad, '1.di\'iding sentences, or, in metrical compo­sit.ions, "orsos; b::i-iJo.d the fourfold shad,1111, nt the end of sections llfId chaptel'$;{1leg-iJtid the dotted shad (1), an ornnment:l.1form of tho ordillnry shnll, nlways made useof, wllt.'11 a shad is to ho put after the first.syllable of a line; iJad bgM-pa l-e~., "fbl1HlSch., to make a shad. - 2. \'. the followingllrticle.

.0--'1' 01.0-"1' ",">fr-,I' M<1-pa, r"d­'(1 ' '\'11 '~Ml pa,r~oo-paO.1. to comb, to curry,(n IJOrse),n)so gad 1'gyo.g­pa. - 2. to brush, to stroke, to rub gcntlywith the hund lV.; sdd·ma &It. curry-comb,Ilol'SC-eomb; *iJbi--8i· a wooden mke, "co.y­iJi" an iron rake C..a - 3/ln I. iron hoop of a barrel c,. - 2.. 1"\ small boat, "";m-pa" ferry-maD C. ­3. snow-lcoparillV. (r£ [sa). - 4. difference,distinction, san obyM,.]Ja to distinguish, de­cide. uetennille Afil. and c1sewb , yzan-g!Ji&san fui byld-pas as nobody else is' able to

decidc it Glr.; skad-ynyis-wml-ib1J6r is saidto be the title of a certain dictionnry.+1~"F' sd11.l!a I. oblique lV., "stin-/.'a-la (li-

ce" to cut off obliquely; iJan-a.,. id.,

557

sdn-pa

*lam san-(c)--l(t ca dug* the road has ;m

oblique direction. 2. 6'.: place of passing(>\.T a river.

.;/-/

bxan-pa, slaughterer,

butcher 6V/*., sometimes also hang-

man; *dn - l<<tit slaughter-house, butcher's

shop, sdn-t/ri, butcher's knife, san-yrib pol-

lution by the sin of slaughtering an animal.

- 2. master or rower of a boat, boatman.

.nqv/iq'Sab-sub 1. W. whispering, *sab-sub

NJ tdii-ce, zc-r-ce* to whisper. --2.also sab-sob lie, falsehood, sab-sob

hiji'd-pa

to lie, to cheat; sab-st^b-can deceitful, frau-

dulent, crafty.

n^r crm^r ^ami ysam the lower part of

a thing, e.g. of a country,

x<un-pa a lowlander (opp. to yzun-pa and

xW-pa); ysdm-du adv. and postp. below,

at foot, rdh-leui sdm-duOcad they will be

incited of in their respective chapters Lt;ili'i si'iin-du under it, underneath (e g. to

write); sam-gos, sam-fdbs, resp. sku-sdm a

garment like a petticoat, worn by Tibetan

priests and monks.

*^"sdm-bu flounces, fringes, trimmings.

n

- sdm-bha-la Ssk. . in pure Tibetan

bde- by&n, n. ofa fabulous countryin the north west of Tibet, fancied to be a

kind of paradise; sdm-bha-lai Idrn-yig (not

passport, but:) 'guide for the journey to

Shambhala'.

sar (from sdr-ba) 1. east, sar-pydgs id.;

xdr-pa inhabitant of an eastern country;Mtr-lid south-east. 2. termin. of *-a, into

the flesh.

sM'-pa 1 young men, grown-up youth

(collective noun) W.; peril, also: a

young man. 2. v. the preceding article.

sA^'^fy(ii'-po 1' W. adulterer, **>dr-po co-ce

or fcur-ce* to commit adultery, (onthe part of the husband.) 2. = sar-pa 1.

*<i''-i>o a young man, sdr-po yzon-nu

ysum three young men Mil.

sdr-ba pf. and secondary form of

J'dr-ba.

n^-

xtir-ma 1. Sell.: a strip >'</,/.

ryydb-pa to sew in long Mitdics, to

baste (6V/f. : rw/i* yil-ib-pa).- - IK, 6'.

grown-up girls (collective noun); afemale(V)*

J* sdr-mo adulteress, cf. idr-po.

sar-xdr straightway, directly, */-*/

Oyr6-ba ( N.

Hur-HHi- Ld. furrowed, having small

N elevations and hollows.

J* a, in rna-sdl ear-lap, tip of the ear.

sdl-ba 1. >Sc7t. stone-pavement. 2.

a h&rrOY/, sdl-sal-baSch.^sril- la dud-

ce* Ld. to harrow.

xdl-ma 6s.: a flint, sharp-edged stone;

W^. : stony ground; mountain side

consisting of detritus; sdl-ma-can full of

sharp stones 6's.

V sdl-nia-li Ssk. the seven-leaved

silk-cotton tree, Bombayhi>j>t<i-

phyllum Sty.

rr*r sas 1. part, ca-sas id.; ^/v/s de-las sas

ycig part of this rice Dzl.;sas-sds-su

bgo-ba to distribute, . . . la among Dzl.;sos-

ce-ba a good deal, much, the greater part

of, zla-mfsdn sas-ce-bai Ku-lh'dg generativefluid in which uterine blood predominates

(cf. Ku-tfrdg in Ku-ba) Wd/'t. yti-mug sas-

ce-bar ^yur-ba excess of dullness or stu-

pidity Thgr.; sas-cei; sas-ci's, sas-cen in an

eminent degree, in an exceeding measure.- 2. some, a few, zag-sds some days Mil.;

^a-sas some, a few Mil. 3. instr. of sa.

A* si num.: 57.

^- si-ba pf. and secondary form of O ci-ba.^n-n- s-

1. vb. to die, to expire, to go out (as

light, tire); si-bar ai/xr-pa-lds -when she

was in a dying state Pth., si-zin-pai <dg-tu

after her death; *st-tc I6y(-yo/t)-cc* W. to

rise again from the dead, *ldJi-ce* (lit. stan-

ces) to raise from the dead. 2. sbst. the

state of dying, expiring, si-ba-laji sos awa-

kened from a dying state frq.; cf. also comp.3. partic. and adj. si-ba sos-par bijcd-

par ytfur one already dying still recovers

Do.; si-bat lus the body of the deceased Do.

-lmll jllll·(b··lu. la dNyo tho fOltll 1m!! nnolJliquo direction. - 2. C.: plnce of pussiugOH'r l~ rivCT.

"'9"1.:f' iall-I'll I. nlso Ulall-pa, slRughwrcr,butcher Gb'" somelinJcs alw hang.

man; jUl. - flJ.lj slaughter-house, butdlcr'l:Ishop, ;dlJ-9''; blllcher's knife, fall-flrio pol.lution by tbe sin of slaughteriu):; an nnimn1.- 2. master or rower of l\ bont, boatman.

+j.::r.,q.:r j(lh-.8l1.b 1. JIl. whispering, ·Jah~/lb.J ta,i-ct, ::tr-i:e- to w!lisju:r. - 2.

:'Lbo JalNdb lie, falsehood, ?Jab-JOb b!JM-pato lie, to cheAL; ;'ab~lib-cwi deceitful, frau­dulcllt, Cfllrt)'.

.tj;.r', ~~. JUIII,. rJum the lower I'nl"l of:\ tlllllg, e.g. of l\ country,

.tdm-pa " lowbndcr (opp. to r!:,j,j·pu lindMOd-Jla); yJdlll-d,J nd\'. u.nd po,;tp. below,I\t foot, I'/.M-lcui '01/1-<1" Jad they will betrented of in their respective c1ll1pters Lf.;dri .iulII-du under it, undernenth (e g, towrite); ?sam-yOa, ?sam-(,ih8, resp. M'U.;utl< 1\

garlllcn~ like a petticoat, worn by TilJetlllll'riests aut! monks.

"9~'i3' sam-btl flounces, fringes, trimmings.

"9~';)'111' isum-Ma-la &~... in pure Tibetanl() odc-ob!Jlui,n.ofa f.'1bulouscoun~ry

in the north west of TiLet, fancied to be II

kind of (lara.disc; isdm-MfI-lai lam-yiy (notIHlssllort, but:) 'guide for the jouriley toShllmbhllill'.

--9:;0 Jar (from .idr-ba) 1. east, sar1~yOgs id,;id"-]HJ inhnbituntof :\11 eAstern eOlmlr}';

isal.. lIuJ south-cast. - 2. termin. of sa, intothe fleslJ.

"'9:;'=,f ;u"-1'a I, youug men,grown-ul) youth(coll(!Ctil"e noun) II~; perh. also: 1\

}'ouug WlIn. - 2. v. the preceding nrticle.

"9:::.:'f iaJ'-JIO 1. W: adulterer, -1IU,.-1'o i:&-ceor I':-u,·-Cc" to commit lldultcr}', (on

the pllrt of the hu~IJ(\IId.) - t. _ .il.lr-pa J.

-tt:::.:~ 1I,j,../VJ I' young mall, lid!""]\<) y;;Qlrll"rs/tlli three young mcn Mil.

"9':;".:::r J~I:-ba pf. nnd seoondlHY form ofoC'I.I"OI.l.

557J:j0~' Ji-bu

"9-'5.l' Jd"-Ma 1. &1,.: a strip &hr. ;l.Ir..... 1'9!Jdb1Ja to sew in long lilildlell, to

bU6t.e (Sc/'.: :ltIi. rtltib-]JI.I). - 2. w., Cgrown-up girls (COIlCCli\'e nouu); a lemale("{)

+j-=\3f Aur-lIlo adulteress, cf. J(}I'1HJ,

"9:;'""9:;' Aar.Jdr straightway, direc!ly,Jar.Jliro!JTYl-ha (,3.

.,a.:;'.,q-=\ isar·islwLd. furruwcd, having smnll'1 .-J elevations lind hollows.

--9"'f isal, in 1'Iw-Aul ear-lap, lip of the ellr.

..Qc.r:::r Ml-ba 1. &1,. stone-pavement. - i.. I a harrow,sIU-isal-baSdl., -6fil·la (lUd­

i:e" IA. to hnrrow.""9~'5.l0 ?slil-llia (,il.: a lIint, sharp-edged stone;

IV.: stony grounu; mountain sideconsisting of detritus; Adl- IIIa-Clln full ofsllllrp ston('S O.~r:.j.~.~. Aul-lIIa-li &1.:, the seven-leaved

silk-COlton tree, lJcmbl.£X Iltl'/a­]J"!JllllII~ Sly.+j~' Aaa 1. part, ra';l1.'1 iu,; ima dc·IWl «aa

tHy part of this rice Dzl.; «aa-AuHUo[lo-ha to distribute, .•. la (1Inong Dd. j Aus­l.t-ba l~ good de:ll, much, the grellter (lurtof, zla-1II(sun A~-re-bai !..tu,,.I..',.ug genemtivefluid in which uterine blood predominntes(cf. 1.11-!..t,.ug in Ilu-ba) IVd,i.; rti-mll!J .iaa·rt-har o!J!lU/'-h'l excess of tlullness or stu­pidity Tllfll',; Aua-ell', 6as-Ch, Aaa·cen in "neminent degree, in lion exceeding meftSUl"e.- t. some, a few, =«[1-"ua somo allYs Alii.;o!Ja-Aas some, l\ few Mil. - 3. iDslI'. of 1Ia.~""9" i<l Dum.: 57.

-tt.q' Al-!Ja pf. and soeondarJ form ofJi-ba.I, vb, to die, 10 expire, to go out (ns

lighl, lil'e); Ai-bar !I!J'II"-lJa-ll<& when sbe\I'IIS in II Uyillg ~Into Ptk, i<i-zill-pai .;Jy-t"after her death; ·.ii-te llxJ.-!JOIi)-U- II: torise lignin fl'OPl the deRd, -/Jit-i:e" (lit. IlUli­i:ta) to misc frolll tbe delld. - 2. llb~t, thestate of dying, cxIJiring, U-hfl-[a, I()IJ I\Wa­

kened frOtu n d)'ing slAtc frq.; ef. nlso comp.- 3. parlie. nml ndj. Al-ha ~-pllr byld­par !/!Ill,. ooc IIll'cndy dying still reco\'el'llDo.; ii-bai I," tllC body of the deceased Do.

'0

558

si-rig

Comp. si-ki-ma, ci-Ka-ma 1. sbst. dying,

death, st-ki-ma-ru in dying. 2. adj. dying,

si-ki-ma yod (or ci-Ka-ma yod) he is at the

point of death, he is at death's door. *si-

Kan* col. the deceased, the dead. si-sno

Sch. : 'blessing for one deceased'. si-cos

religious ceremonies for the dead Sch. -

si-sa flesh of animals that have died of them-

selves, the only flesh which a strict Bud-

dhist is allowed to eat, and which accord-

ingly in Buddhist countries is frequently

consumed.

"

si-rig W. clinking, jingling.

"

si-rog W. a sort of early barley.

j-si-la Ssk. for Krims, fsid-Krims custom,

manner, moral law.

sig 1. for cig (q.v.) after a final s. -

2. louse, mi-sig common louse, lug-sig

sheep-louse, tick, Kyi-sig flea, (lha)- dre-sig

bug; *(lag (lit. brag)-sig-pa* W. mite, wood-

louse, tick; sig Ofu-ba B., *ltd-ce, rug-ce* W.

to look for lice, to louse, sig bsdl-ba to

clean from lice; sig-can Sch. also sig-po or

sig-sig-po infested with lice, lousy; sig-ndd

pedicular disease; sig-sro lice and nits S.g.

sig-ge

-ba, sig

-sig

1. standing or lyingclose together, close-banded Mil. nt., C. cf.

ysig-pa, ysib-pa. --2. trembling, tottering,

wavering; with mig: looking this way and

that, looking about, perh. also : rolling (the

eyes).

sigs(-se)-sigs rocking, as

trees moved by the wind

Mil.; sigs-sigs yom-yom waving, moving to

and fro, shaken etc., also fig. Pth.

^TT'sin I. gerundial particle for cin after

a final s.

II. sbst. 1. tree, bzd-sin fruit-tree, rtsi-

sin v. rtsi\ l)6n-sin a beautiful green leafy

tree, skdm-sin a dry withered tree. 2.

wood, sin zig some wood; Kan-sin timber,

timber-wood, bud-sin firewood, fuel, skdm-

sin dry wood; yam-sin Cs. : 'a small quan-

tity of wood thrown into the fire for sacri-

fice', 3. a piece of wood, log, billet, *sin

nyi sum fob* W. put two or three pieces (to

the fire); stump, stub of a tree Glr.; *tu-

pag-gi sin* W. gun-stock; srog-sin axle,

axle-tree.

Comp. sin-kir-ti a carrying-frame Lh. -

sin-kyu a wooden hook. sin-rkan Schr.

a wooden leg, a crutch. sin-rked the upper

part of the trunk of a tree. sin-Kan 1.

a wooden house, log-house. 2. shed or out-

house for wood. sin-ttu sap, juice of trees.

sin-Kur a load of wood. sin-ttri wooden

chair. sin-mKan worker in wood, car-

penter, joiner. sin-rgon Sch. wood pecker,

sin-rgon Krd-bo the spotted woodpecker,

sin-rgon mgo-ndg black woodpecker.-

sin-rgydl a tree of extraordinary height or

circumference, a giant -tree. -- sin-mndr

licorice Sch., Wts.; a sort of cinnamon W.

sin-cds 1. wooden utensils, implements.

2. tools for working wood Sch. sin-tog.,

sin-fog fruits of trees, fruit. sin-rfa v. that

article. -- sih-stan chopping-block Ld. -

sin-fags wooden enclosure. sin-fun wood-

picker, gatherer of wind -fallen wood. -

sin-dum log, billet, block. sin-dra wooden

lattice-work; wooden paling C., W. sin-

drun-pa one sitting under a tree, i.e. an

ascetic, Burn. I, 309. sin-ydugs the leafy

crown of a tree Sch. sin-sdon trunk, stem

of a tree; a tree; block. sin-prdn a small

tree, a shrub, bush Sch. sin-bdl cotton

from the cotton-tree 6s., cf. sal-ma-li-sin.

sin-bu a small piece of wood, sin-bu sor-

bzi-pa a piece of wood four inches broad or

long Tar. --sin-Jbrds fruit. -- sin-smdn

medicine prepared from wood Sch. sin-

rtsd root of a tree. sin-rtsi resin Cs.

sin-rise top of a tree. -- sin-fsa cinnamon

(having a 'saltish' taste, as is expressly

stated &#.); *sin-fse Ub-ma* W. bay-leaf,

laurel-leaf. sin-fsdl chip, shaving, splinter.

*sin-fsogs* W. forest. sin-yzon a wooden

basin, trough, tub. *sin-zdg* (lit. bzogs)

chip, splint W.;. shavings brought off by the

plane C. - sin-zdn wood-rasp Sch. *sin-

zcl* a small chip, a very small and thin piece

of wood, a splinter, *sih-zel zug son* W. I

have run a splinter into (my hand or foot).

55.

Compo iJi-ki-ma, oi!j·//a-ma I. sbst. dying,death, isf..h,-ma-l"u in dying. - 2. adj. dying,M_h_rlla yod (or oa-Ita-mu y()(/) he is at thepoiot of death, be is at death'!:; door. - -MooI.'(HI.- col. the deceased, the dead. - iswtiQ&11.; 'blessing for onc deceased', - Ai-r'Q8religious ceremonies for the dead &/,. ­iii-Aaliesh of animals that bave died of them­sehes, the only flesh whidl a strict Bud­dhist is 1I1iowed to eat, lind which accord­ingly in Buddhist countries is frequentlyconsumed.~~"9""'l:l']" ii-riff lV. clinking, jingling.

Jj'~I:f]'U-Ivly If. a sort of early barley.

-il'r..j' M-w. Ssk. for fl"illl&, (~ul_l;iIJl8 custom,munDer, morall"w,

.t:j~ iil9 1. for cif} (q. v.) after (I. final s. -2. IOllse, mi..sig common louse, !lig-Big

sheep-louse, tick, Ryi-M!J Jlea, (lIwhdl"NiVbug; -(jay (lit. brag)-Sig-pa- W: mite, wood­

"louse, tick; isig o(,i-ba B., "ltdoh, ''''g-ee- wto look for lice, to louse, a;g bsul-ba toclean from lice; Ug-ean Seh. also Mg-po orMg-Mg_po infested with lice, lousy; ~ig-nad

pedicul:tr disease; Ug-mJ lice and nits S.g.

~'~'::r, .iJ~~=l']' 819 -!It -.ba, AiD-.Mg1. StaJJdlDK or lymg

close together, close-banded .Mil. nt., C. cf.tUg-pa, rUb-pa. - 2. trembling, tottering,wavering; with miy: looking this way andthat, looking about, perh. also: rolling (theeyes).

Jfr.·~r(~>4l=fJ"-~' H!ls(-8C)-Jiigs rocking, astrees lIloved by tbe wind

.Mil.; SigS-Aig8 yom-y6nl wll.\·ing, moving toand fro, sbaken etc., also fig. 11k.

.iJ~' U" I. gerundilll lmrticle for ei,i liftera final s.

II. sbsl. 1. tree, b;;a_Ahi fruit-tree, rtsi­Siri v. "ui; l)6n~i,i a. beautiful A;reen leafytree, II.him-,iiri a dry withered tree. - 2.wood, itin zig some wood; Ituli~bi tiwlx!r,timber-wood, bUd-3i,j :firewood, fl1e1, shim­Aili dry wood; ydm-itili c.,.: 'a small quan­tity of wood tbrown into the fire for sacri­flCe'. - 3. a piece of wood, log, billet, ·81('

n.l/; sum too" lV. put two or three pie<:ell (tollie fire); stump, stub of a tree Glr.; "hi­pag_gi iti,," W: gun-stock; 8rQg-~i,i axle,axle-tree.

Compo Ai,,-h,"-ti a carrying-frame H,. ­iJi'i-J.:yu n wooden hook. - Jiti-rluui &711".a wooden leg, a crutch. - iJiri-rJ.:M. the upperpart of the trunk of R tret'. - ~ilj-J1alj I.a wooden house, log-house. 2. shed or out­house for wood. - Uti-ill. sap,juice of trees.-U,i-l.1ur a load of wood. - ~bi-~'I'i woodencbair. - Aili_mfan worker in wood, car­penter, joiner. -)iri-''[!dn Sell. wood peeker,Ai,j·,,!/<,n ~1,.u_OO the spotted woodpecker,iJi,i.ryQn ,n!J<'-nuy black woodpecker. ­s;'i-I'!Jylil a tree of extraordillal"y height orcir..:umferElIlce, a giant ·tree, - Sil' - 1111idl'

licorice &h., iVf3.; a sort of cillll:lmOIl IV.- ,iii·cas I. wooden utensils, implemeuts.2. tools for working wood &!J. - al,i-toy,iJfI1-(O[j fruits of trees, fruil- U,i-ria v. thatarticle. - iliti-3tan chopping·block JA. ­;'/li-(a!f8 woodell enclosure. - iJiti-(,in wood·picker, gatherer of wind - fallen wood. ­iJi,i-dum log, billet, block. -Aiil-dl'a woodenlattice~work; wooden paling C., W. - sili­dl"un-pa one sitting under II. tree, i. e. anascetic, Burn. 1, 30D. - iJi,i-rduy8 the lenfycrown of l\ tree &11. - Abi-Miori trunk, stemof a tree; a tree; block. - ili'i-jll'dll a smalltree, a shrub, bush Se/•. - Aili-bdt cottonfrom the eotton·tree [,., cr. ~al-ma-li-iJiil.

_ Ai,i-bu n small piece of wood, U,j·bu aQl'­b::i-pa II piece of wood four inches broad or10llg Tar. - ilin-obrat fruit. - 8lli-3manmedicine prepared from wood &/,.-lii,i­rna root of a. tree. - Aili-Iui resin Cs. ­iliti-l"t8I! lop of a tree. - i!i'i-(sa cinnamon(ha\'ing 1\ 'Sllltislt' taste, as is expresslystated S.g.); -""i-(S( la-ma" lV. bay·leaf,laurel-leaf. - Si,,-(sdl chip, Shaving, splinter."i1in-(sdg~" lV. torest. - Ain-Y::OIi a woodenhnsin, trough, tub. - "liili-::og" (lit. b::OfP)chip, splint lY.;.sbaviogs broug,.bt off by thepiline C. - i!i,i·zan wood-rasp &/1. - "iJi'i­::cl" a small chip, a \'ery sllIalland thin pieceof wood, no splinter, "lii,i-::el ::uy SOl,· W. )have run a splinter into.1~y hllnd or foo~).

xih-kun

sli,-~og W. a rasp.- -

*//;-/-// a peg. *///-

A A hoard, plan Is- kin- sun the bark of

siii-*<'<l a rasp.

.;///-/////. asa foetida, used as me-

> dicine, and (like garlic) as a spice;

aUo n. of a mountain pass between Lahoul

and Zankar.

MH-rta ('wooden horse') waggon, cart,

carriage, also fig.=

fey-pa, e.g. .s//J-

rte ccn-po frq. in the writings of TsotiKapa;

*in-rtd-Jc<'n--lo id.; sin-rtai kan-bzdn the

body of a carriage, siiwtai mda the pole,

beam, shaft of a cart, Opd//-lo the wheel,

rjcs, lam, sul, srol the track, rut (of a cart)

Cs.', sin-rta rkaii-ycig Sch. wheelbarrow;

xift-rta-mKan Cs. maker of carts, cartwright;

xiit-i'ta-pa 1. carter, driver, coachman. '2.

charioteer.

*id ! S<-'h- hazel-nut. 2. also j.vW-

ysid-ma, ysid-ston, ysid-zdn funeral re-

past, of which every body may partake ;-s/W-

cos religious funeral ceremony; std-sa Sch.

1. burying ground, cemetery. 2. a fruitful

field = ysin-sa. Cf. ysin.

sin-tu very, greatly, esp. before adj.

and adv., in 13. frq.

i'6 v. sib.

"

s/6-pa v. sub-pa to whisper.

Bn\B*(lJ*faj*sib-si-lu-lu or ru-ru Ld. hip,

'^ ^

the fruit of the dog-rose.

st'm-sa-pa Cs. a kind of tree or

wood.

Nq^* ^q^'^T^'*' ?/1

5 sii'-sii', with Ofon-pa Cs.

to gush out, to stream forth

with a noise.

T^* sil-ba W. to drip through.

sil-li a gauze-like texture W.;

sil-

sil 1 . id. 2. 6s. : 'a cant word denotingthe noise of any thing'.

3^1"; ' s 9 0(^ 'uck

'^or*un e, bliss; <A- Jiiju/i-na

.N/.S if that happens, it will be an auspi-cious sign, sis-pat miii a name foreboding

good Li., ww sia^pai Itas an omen forebodingill Wdn.; bstdn-pai sis ace. to Schl. 232

denotes the religious plays performed in the

559

convents. Cs.: *tx(-pa)-jto one blessed, kit-

pa yin-pa to be blessed, *w-y;<//- _*////>/-////

to become blessed, sh-pai- /></<'< /-jt to make

blessed, to bless; bkra-sis v.

f-Y su 1. ace. to Cunningham and other

>c English authorities the Tibetan word for

stag; yet as none of the many Tibetans,

from different parts of the country, that were

consulted by us, seemed to know this word,

it is not unlikely, that in consequence of

indistinct hearing it is but a corruption of

sa - ba (q. v.).- - 2. *su-su jJie'-pa* C. to

whistle. 3. num.: 87.

JTOTI* su-ddy n. of a plant Med.\ Sch.: the

x!'

rush.

- *&-ba I. sbst. 1 . an abscess, ulcer, sore

Cs.; su-ba Qfon an abscess rises, na

gives pain, pan heals; *su- bur* W., and

prob. also su-for Med,id

; *su-ndg and bd-

su* W. a sore that has become inflamed and

rankling. 2. scab, scurf, scald W.

II. vb., pf. (6).ws, fut. bm, imp. (b)m(s),

1. to take off, pull off, draw off, yzdn-gyi

gos to take off a person's clothes, go- ca

armour, mfson-ca arms, weapons l*th.; to

strip, strip off, e.g. leaves, twigs, pdgs-pathe skin, the peel, hence (also without pd$rs-

pa} to skin, to pare, to peel W., e.g. *'d-lu

su-ce* to peel potatoes; gyab-siis coat of

wool shorn from a sheep, fleece Ld. 2.

to copy, dpe a book, resp. zal-sus byed-pa

Cs.; dpe-bsiis a copied book C.

su-bham Ssk., sometimes at the end

of books, hail! all hail!

*>u-ra-se (-na) n. of a tract of

land in the neighbourhood of

Mathura, not far from Agra Wdk.

su-'i-ka Tar. 63, 8, prob. also su-

lig Sch., n. of a fabulous countryin the north-west.

w// 1- a thrust, push, knock, *sw/ c,'m-

po)he'-pa* to push off, to give a knock,

to elbow, differing from Opul-ba to shove

(by a more gentle motion) C. 2. in

comp.: KijO-siig, v. kyo\ sug-bzu wife, con-

sort, spouse Schr. 3. W. : old, but still fit

for use. 4. .w/-.s//</-/a col. for sub-bur

softly, gently, e.g. Ogro-ba to walk, to tread etc.

-iiH-=ix,} W.a rasp.- jj"'rztr a peg.- 8i;,­lib uOftr(l, plMk. - .iili· i~n the b:lrk oftrees. - Jlii4t'cl" rll!p..ac:.~ ;ilj - ~1I11 asa foctida, used M lIIe­

. r' "¥ diciDC, :Iud (like gnrlic) IlS 1\ sl,ice;lliso n. of 1\ lIlouDI.:\in piloSIS between J.J:l.houJaut! ZnllkftT..iI~'I!.Jlii.r(a ('wooden horse') waggon, cart,

1 cllTrioge, nlso fig•• flg-pa, e.g. Milo."ta chl-po frq. in the writings of T30';{'(Ipa;ji,i-rta-oA:dr-lo ill.; Sili .. r(ai /lUI; - b::titi tilebody of l\ cnrril\gc, i[Ii..-rtai mila the pole,beam, shaft of tL cart, ol'1d,;-lo the wheel,ryes, lam, jill, tlrol the track, I"ut (of n cart)<''3.; ,ii,l-rla rJ.:nii-ri:i{} $ch. whedbnrrowj8I,j·rta-IIIJ.'a71 C,. lunker of carts, t.:nrtwright;ijli-rta-pa I. curler, driver, coachman. 2.chl\riotecr.41-' Jid 1. &11.. hazel-nul - 2. :lISQ rJid..

1 rJiJ..ma, rUd'8Wn, rJid-::al1 fLmeral reopas~ of which every hody loay pnrttlkc; Aid·roe religious funp.rul ceremony; Aid-3u &"­I. burying grouud, cemetery. '1. l\ fruitfulfield"" ,8In·3u. Cf. ~ill.

~~ Ain-tu ve~, greatly, esp. lJefore adj.I I.J Rnd tid,'., III n. frq.~4.q· iib v. Aw.~4.q'tr .ib-t>a v. W'.pa to whisper.

.ij.q'Jj'E;!!?i' isib~i-lU·lu or t'I4-m IA. hip,the fruit of the dog-rose.

~::I·.ll·=r isim-.3a-pa Ce. Rkiud of lree or""1-'" . I wood.

.:a~. .a.:::Jj.=:..' iiI', iir-.3il', with ofon-}'" C3.. I ' . I to gush out, to stream fOI·tll

..... ith a. noise.~"'f-4',::r isU·ba IV. to drip tbrough.

4".-.l.~. iil-li R gnu7.e-Jilr.e te.l.ture n~; Ail·mI. id. 2. c..: '11. Cllot word denoting

tile noise of IIny thing'.

.J:j~' ii, good luck, fortune, bliss; de,h/';"·na,if if that happens, it will be an lIllS!'i.

cious sign, ii'-pai mi,j R name forebodinggood Lt., mi HI-pui ftu3 no omen forebodingill \vd,..; ~tdll- pui Aia ncc. to &Jel. 23~

dellOtes the religious pb.ys perform~? in tlil)

~. AI/g

convcuts. G•. : ii:(-pt_)iJlJ one blcssed, Ah·1m yin'pa to bo lJlcsSCiI, ""1m,. o!lyi",-bato become bles>led, ii'1Jl1r byM-]1a to makelJlessed, to Mess; bkm-8i. v. b1.:/'d..oo.4 in 1. ncc. to Cunningham lind otller.... £lIg1ish nuthorities the'fibetnn word forstag; )'et as none of the many TibetAns,from different parts of theeountry, thut wereconsulted by us, seeme(! to know thi~ word,i~ is not unlikcly, that in consequence ofi~di:;linct hearing it is but l'I. corruption ofsa· ba (q. v.). - 2. -iu-SU jM·pa- C. towhistle. - 3. num.: 87..,q'_::q- isu-dug n. of a plant .lfed.; ScA.: the..J \ rush..,q',:::r AHa 1 sbst. J. an abscess, ulcer, sore..J C•. : iu-ba o(tm an abscess rises, nagil'es I,nin, p'an he:\ls; ·'u.-obri/'· lV., I\ndprob. also ht·(Qr Mrd , id ; ·slt-ndglmd bJ·su· 11'. a sore that l111S become inflamed nndrankling. - 2. scab, scurf, scald W.

II. vb., pf. (b)Aua, fut. bill, imJl' (b).!u(t),1. to take off, Ilull off, draw flIT, r::an-yyigoa to take off a person's clothes, yr}. eaRrmonT, 1II(aon-ca nrms, ",capons 1't1l.; tostrip, strip off, e.g. leaves, tll'ir;s, pdy!-p<Jthe skin, tIle peel, hellee (also without ptigs.pa) to skin, to pare, to peel W:, e.g. ·'a_fuiN-ie· to peel pOIl\toes; 9yab.Ui3 cont ofwool shorn from l\ sheep, Jlcece £d. - 2.to copy, dJM 1\ IJook, resp. tal-.31ia byid-paG•. ; dJ~lia a collicd book C.~9'£J' 'u-Mum Ssk., sometimes at the end-..,; '<i of books, lJail! 1\11 hail!.,cP:;·:W-C') .su-ra-ae(-1kI) n. of", traet of..J ~ land iu the neighbourhood ofM:lthunl, lIot fur from Agl'll Wd,l·..,q~. AN-1i-1.:a '1'al'. 63, 8. prob. also ill_

.j fig &1,., n. of II fl\bulous countryin the north-west.~q:n' sllg 1. a thrust, push, knock, -slIfJ 'Rm­..J I po)]UP-JUI· to push off, to gil'e n knock,to elbow, differing from o]iitf-ba to shove(b)' II lllore gentle motion) C. - 2. incamp.: Ii:;o-J,ig, v. J!!JO; s,ig.JJ:a wile, (,'On·sort, sllouse ScI,,'. - 3. U':: old, but still litfor use. - 4. illfJ-illig-la col. for iilh·bttrso~YJ genUy!e.g'ogrQ--ba towalk, tc trend etc.

sug-gu sul

*

sug-gu W. for sog-bu.

sug-pa 1. the high, cypress-like

juniper-tree of the Himalaya moun-

tains, the pencil cedar (Juniperus excelsa). It

covers large mountain tracts, is considered

sacred, and much used in religious cere-

monies; its berries (sug-Jbrds) are burnt as

incense. lug-dud the smoke or perfumeofjuniper. sug-fser Med. the young pointed

sprouts of this tree. sug-fsod a sort of

mistletoe, Viscum Oxycedri, growing on it

and gradually killing it. The leaves have

a slightly sour taste and are used for culi-

nary purposes W. rgya-sug ace. to Cs. =spd-ma Juniperus squamosa, a low shrub and

similar to our Juniperus communis. But a

passage of the Stg. shows that its fruits are

eaten like pease or rice, which cannot be

imagined ofj uniper-berries or cypress cones ;

cf. spd-ma.-- 2. in sug-pa Opud-pa Sch.,

v. sub Opud-pa.

sugs 1 inherent strength, power, energy,c. genit.: ddd-pai, bydms-pai, dgd-

bai sugs-kyis by the power or ardour of faith,

love, joy, e.g. to shed tears,= to weep with

joy etc. Glr. and elsewh.; ycin-gyi sugs dgag

mi bya the impulse to make water must not

be suppressed Med.\ Odi-dag siton-gyi sbyin-

sugs yin this is the power of former alms

or presents Glr.; tugs-rjei sugs-kyis by the

power of grace Do.; der sleb-pai sugs the

power or ability of attaining to that place

Thgr. ; without a genit. : sugs-kyis= ran-

sugs-kyis spontaneously, ofone's own accord,

sugs-kyis yon they will, no doubt, come of

their own accord Mil.; mgs byed-pa to exert

one's self(?); sugs- stobs = sugs; snd-sugs

Odren-pa Cs. : 'the accenting the first syllable'.- 2. col. also subs and sud, mostly in com-

pounds: sugs-skad Mil., sugs-sgra, cv\.*sug-

ra* a whistling, a whistle or whiff; sugs-glu

1. a whistling. 2. a whistled tune, *sug-da

jhe'-pa* to whistle a tune C.; siigs-pa a small

whistle which, in sounding it, is put quite

into the mouth.

sugs-ndr (W. *%-%*), sugs-

fin sigh, groan, sugs nar byed-pa

or Jbyin-pa to sigh, to groan, sugs-rin nar

ndr Odug he heaves a deep sigh Mil. nt.

sun-bet, pf. suns, 1. to snore. 2. to

hum, to buzz, e.g. of a large beetle.

"

sud v. sugs 2.

sud-pa pf. fut. bsud, 1. to rub, e.g.

one thing against another C. 2.

to get scratched, excoriated, galled (cf. sun-

pa').3. sud byed-pa ( W. *co-ce*) to steal

silently away, to sneak off unperceived.^n~Pa Darkj rind, peel, skin, sun-kog,

sun-pdgs id., the last expression is

also used of the skin of animals Lex. -

pyi-sun the outer rind or skin, nan-sun the

inner rind; bar -sun the middle rind, the

bast, esp. of willows Sch.: sun-kog idns-pathe spontaneous chapping or peeling off of

the skin; sun-man box-wood.

,n*rJ" sub-pa, also sib-pa, pf. imp. subs, to

NS speak in a low voice, to whisper, sub

byed-pa id.; *Kog-sub-la sil-ce* W. to read

in a low voice, to read whispering; sub-bu

a whispering, sub-bus zld-ba to recite in a

low voice Lex., sub-bur smrd-ba B., *sub-la

zer-ce* W. to speak softly; sub-bus smod-pato reprehend in a whisper B.

nq^r-subs case, covering, sheath, paper bag

>j etc. frq. ; rkati-subs, resp. zabs-subs

stocking, sock, gri-subs knife-case or sheath,

mje-subs \.mje; lag-subs^ resp. pyag-subs

glove.

nrj'^r sum-pa, pf. (b)sums, ft. bsum, imp.

\J (6)swm(s), 1. to weep, ma sum mdzod

do not weep ! nu-sum Mil. weeping, lamen-

tation. -- 2. to tremble (?) gran -sum Lt.,

Schr. gran-sum byed-pa to tremble or shiver

with cold, to shudder.

sur-ba, pf. fut. bsur, imp. (b)sur, 1.

to burn slightly, to singe.-- 2. to

cut off.

sur-bu 1. girdle, belt Lex.; sur-bu-

preu Zam. id. (ace. to Sch.}. 2.

Cs. : sore, ulcer. 3. Ts. : dumpling of flour,

=Ko-lag.

sul 1- an emPty place, a place that has

been left, that is no longer occupied,

rdn-sul stons-nas your own place becoming

.tFr~. U,9"!J1~ IV. for Mg-bu.~ ~

.tpf.:r 3Y!J-pa J.the high, cypress.Jike..... juniper-tree of the IlimnJnya moun­wins, tile peflcil cedar(Jullipcl'us ...reelsa). Itcovers large mountain trncts, is consideredsacred, and much used in religious cere­monies; its berries (i;ug-/mia) nre burnt asincense. - Bug-dM the smoke or pcrfwneofjuniper.-6ug-f8b' Moo. the young pointedsprouts of this tree. - 8Uy-(,jdJ n. sort ofmistletoe, V'l8Cum O.£.VCeJr'i, growing Oil itand gmilual1y killing it. Tho leaves IJavea slightly sour tasle und are used for culi­IInry purposes Jv. - J'f!!Ja~ug nce. to (1. _

spd-lIlaJumferlUJ squaTlW3a, n low shrub unasimilnr to our Juniperus communis. But npassuge of tbe St9' shows that its fruits arecawn like pease or rice, which caUDot heimngillcdof jll nillcr-ben,ics or oypresseoncs;cr. lIpa·ma. - 2. ill sUfI-pa "pM-pa &It.,\', sub opUd-pa.

.Jfl}~ ilUust. inherent strength, power,energy,~ c. geuit.: rMd-pai, h.ydm3-pai, dyd­hai siuJ8-k!Ju by the power orardour of fuith,love, joy, e.g. to shed tenrs, _ to weep ....-jthjoy etc. Glr. and elsewh,; rlin·u!Ji jugs d9a9mi 0Ja the impulse to make water must Dotbe suppressed Med.; od,'-dag 3Mm-gyi 3b:/11­su{Jt yin this is tlie power of former nlmsor presents Glr.; (ug3-I:)ci liu!J3-k!JM by thejJower of grncc 1JfJ.; del" 8l~1J-pai 1sUf18 theI,ower or ability of atlaining to that plneeTI'gr.; witllOut a genit.: sug3-k!Ji3 _ rdli­8ufJ6-I'!Ji$ ~poDtaneonsly >ofoDe's own /\Ccord,sitgs.k!Jis !loti they will, DO Ilouot, come oftheir own uccord Mil.; w'fjs h!JiJ-pa \.() exertone's self(?); ~lgs-stJN _ IJuys; slid-imgsodrm-pa u.: 'the I\ccenting the 6.rstsyllable'.- 2. coL also sUN and sud, mostly iii com­pounds: Alig8-lSkad Mil., sugNgra, col. 'sug­m' a Whistling, a whistle or whiff; sugs-glu1. :l. whistling. 2. a whistled tUDC, 'Ulu-4a)l"P.pa' 10 wllistle a tUDe c.; Uf[Js-pa a smallwllistle which, in sounding it, is put quiteinto the mouth. ; \

" '(1rT '''~ .' ') ,.,q:n..,'\f'~'" liUfP-nur t. wg-lJug ,~ugs-

-J I rhi sigh, groan, !tu!J3 nUl' byMfat V

or ob!Jfrv-pa to sigh, to groan, sllgs-rf,i 1IU1'

IIU/' oJug he heaves a deep sigh 111fl. tit.

..qc'.q' .hili-ha, pf. su/is, 1. to snore. - 2, to...... hum, to bun, e.g. of u. large l'eetle.

-:1~' lud v.lsu9s 2.

+l~'.q' md-pa pf. ful h.iud, 1. to rub, c.g,-J one thing against lInotlJer C. - 2.to get scratched, excoriated, galled (ef, .sitn­pa). - 3, $uti hyhi.pa pv. .~te'") to slealsilently away, to sneak off unpercci\'cd...cJC\'f' liun-pa bark, rind, peel, skin, liu'l-kdg,-J I iun-pdgs id., the last cxjltession isalso used of the skin of aoiumls Le.t. ­l'9i-'iun the outcr rind or skin, tui,i-,iUIl theinner rind; hdr·.rnn the middle rind, thebast, esp, of willows &h,: aUIl-kdg ia,is-pathe sponlaneous chapping or pecliug on' oftile skill; liun-mdn box-wood.+l.::r:.r sulrpa, also Mlrpa, pf. imp. ~ulA, to-J. speak in a low voice, to whisper, subb!JM-pa id.; 'Ilog.liub-la sil-ce· lV. to reatlin a low \'oice, to read whispering; Utb-bua whispering, S!JJ-h1l8 zlU-ba to recite in alow voice J--e.t., sitb-bul' sml'a-ba ll., 'juh-lazh.c/1' lV. to speak softly; liulr!nu s/llcJd-pato reprehend in a whisper fl,

~~;r liuN case, covering, sheath, paper bag-J - etc. frq.; d.'wi-suN, resp, ~«bs.il"N

s\.()eking,l>ock, gri·jUhs knife-case or sheath,n!ie•.iiths v. mjc; lUfJ·suhs, resp, hag-sitmglove.+l5r.q' .iul/t.pa, pf. (b)3ulI/s, ft. b.ium, imp.-J (b)3I1I11(S), l.toweep,masltmmdzoddo nol weep! ,ilt-3um Mil. weeping, lamen·tation. - 2. to tremble(?) yra,i-sum Lt.,&111'. gl'ali-,iulII bytd.pa to tremble or shiverwith cold, to shudder....q:;-.q' ~itl'-ba, pf. fut. UUT, imp. (b)3uI', 1.-J to burn slightl)', to singe. - 2. tocut off....q,,'[ sur-hu I. girdle, belt Lu.; jUl··bI,­-J [n·/It Zum. id. (ace. to Sck). - 2.C8,: sore, ulcer. - 3. 1~.: dumpling of flour,_ /Co-lag.~.af sui I. an empty place, a place that has~ been left, that is no longer occupied,1'uli-lu1 sid,is-nus your own place becoming

561

:-,////

, by your quitting it Mil. *t'il-iln ///.s-

pai nor all the things left behind in the

camp Glr.; ilon-twIti/'ts-jxii

*///-<///. instead

of the coin which had been taken away(there appeared . . .) DzL; Ky6d-k\ji sul-du

in the place which you occupied during yourlife Thgr.; hence in a looser sense: btsun-

mo med-pai sul-du on the occasion of the

queen's absence Glr.; in the same manner

'/'/. 103, 16, ID, and also thus: dei sul-du

Glr. 51 during her absence. 2. track, rut,

of a carriage, furrow, of a plough DzL, way,

road; also in a gen. sense: ml fag-rin a long

way Glr.; sul-ldm = ml\ ace. to Cs. also

manner, method. 8. any thing left behind

by a person departed, or by a thing re-

moved, as cu-sul, mar-mi, pye-sul that little

water, butter or flour which adheres to the

vessel emptied, but not washed;me-sul the

< \tinguished cinders left by a fire; property

left by a deceased person ml fsdn-ma yog-

po-la fob his servant gets all the propertyleft (by his master) W., C., pa-sul paternal

inheritance, patrimony; pa-sul-Odzin-pa the

heir C.\ ml yaii miOdug nothing at all is

left; *sul-med-kan co* W. finish it at once!

eat it all up! su-tsan-po one that eats all

up, clears his trencher (a good trencher-

man) Ts.

sitl-pay bsul-pa Cs. : backbone, back,

posteriors; sul-sd the flesh, the

muscles of the back, sul-rgyus the fibres,

the nerves of the back; Sch. : bsul-dri smell

of excrements, sul-byi polecat, fitchet.

sus 1. v. su-ba. 2. sus Ode"bs-pa to

whistle S.g.

sus-ma any thing copied, a copy Cs.N3

^n-'

se 1. Cs. se-stag, se-dag=

sa-stdg mere,

only, nothing but. 2. num.: 117.

se-na v. -na.

cj*

"

sd-pa v. ses-pa.

- se-bdm Cs. : = to-yig a kind of con-

tract or bargain.

se-ma (for r)e-ma or yes-ma?) W.

noblewoman, lady of rank or quality,

lady, "se-ma cun-nu, setn-tiin* nobleman's

daughter, young lady, Miss.

" se-mon Sch.: 'divine predestina-

tion, divine protection ; nature, fate,

destiny; power; origin of power or autho-

rity ; strength', force, the latter signification

also in Wts.(?).

J" se-rul Sch. : fetid, putrid.

leg 1 . imp. of yse'gs-pa, resp. for sog.

2. the Arabian^v-ui, chieftain, elder,

senior. 3. C. col. for sed I.

sed I. strength, force, = sfc$s, mfu, C.

also s#/; dpd-zin sed-ce a mighty hero

r/j#f/.; sed- can strong, vigorous, powerful;

sed-mo 1 . sbst. = sec?? 2. adj.= sed-can Ts.,

*se"-mo gydg-pa yin* he is strong and stout,

*<>d-med powerless, weak, sed-med-kyi rtd-

bas rkan-fdn mgyogs one travels quicker on

foot than on a weak horse; sed-cun weak,

feeble, frail, e.g. lus Lt.- sed Obri strength

decreases, begins to fail, ysos is restored,

nyams is impaired; sed skyed-pa to grow fat

Sch. : 'to protect ; to make haste';*mi zig-

la sed cug-ce'* W. to strengthen a person;*sed dan nye-ce* W. to rub well, forcibly;

*sed zdr-te (sbyar-te) con* run and jump ! *sed

zdr-te gyob* swing your arm and throw! W.;

*sed-kyer-ndg-po* by force, with violence,

e.g. *tan* he forced it on (me) W. (cf. nan);

sed-po-ce a strong, powerful man Thgy.\ sed-

bu Lex. id.; sed-bddg Sch. one having power

or authority, a lord, ruler. *sed - wan*

W. force, violence, *sed-wdn dan* by force,

e.g. to take, *sed-wdn tdn-ce* W. to violate,

to force (a girl).

II. the approximate direction, region,

quarter, nyi-mai ^og sed-na below the sun,

i.e. between the sun and the horizon Mil.:

W.: *gan sed-la* in what direction? where-

to? *de sed-la* about in that direction; *gansed ne (lit. ynas) sig-tu* to some place or

other.

A3T sen(?) floor of a house or room W.

"nr'*j)x* ser-puin abbreviation for ses-rdb-*M^ "N*^^ '

kyi pd-rol-tu pyin-pa, the title of a

division of the Kan-gyur.36

empty, by yOUf quitting it Mil. iHl·dw 1...­Jloi nor all the tbingll leJt ~hind in lhe('amp Gu.; d<hi'QI' lalit-poi i ..l-Ilu insteadof the coin which hilt! bf,en llIokeo Itway(there "1'\Je",ed •.•) D:I.; l!!Jdd·kyi JWl-d1lill tht 1,lace which you occupied during yoorlife '1'Agr.; hence in • looser sellse: /luim.MO "Iid-}Iai nl-dw on tbe occasion of thequeeD's absence Glr.; in tbe ..we maDDerTar. 103, 16, 19, lUld .Iso LbulI: cki ;;,l-duGir. 5t doring ber ab!ence. - 2 track. nilof .. carriage, hlrrow, of" plough ]):1., way,road; also in" geo. sense: Jilt (ag-ri,;" long"'"}' Glr.; hl·ld". - ;"/j ace. to c.. 1l1!O

manner, method. - 3. an)' tbing left Ilehindby • pft'lIOD deJ.rted. or by " thing re­moved, as~ mar-;1I1,li~l that little..'ater, bUlter or Dour wbicb .dhcl'1!lI to then$..el emptied, but not ",'Shed; lJINtd thee.ztinguisbed cinden! left by • fire; propertylelt by " de«ftSed person M (td.oi-ma!JOg­po.la fob his sen'ant gets &Iltbe prorel'\ylen (by hi m~ter) iV., c., pa-,ul pate-nul.!inbt:rilanoe, Pl\lriIDOO)'; fa..iul-.d--in-pa tbebeir C. j wI yaif mi .dug nothing llt all isIt:flj ·'''l-"l«f·'_ to· IV, finis.b it At ODOO!eat it all up! ;a-fla"-po one that eats allup, CleNS his trencht:r (a good lft:ocber­mall) T•.olf",,·.:.r ;j,l-po., bnl-pa Cf.: backbone, back,..., pclsteriol"S; 'ul-id the nesh, themu~les of the back, lul-rg'" the fibres,tbe nerves of the bll.dq &h.: blul-J,,; smellof e:a:c.rements, hJ.1-byi polecat, fitchel

4"'f hu I. v. 'Ii-ba. - 2. ;lU .dib.--pa to..J whistle S.g.

':l~'.;.r iWHlua any thinK copied, a copy C•.

Jt i. 1. til iN/ag, il-dag - la·.tdg mere,only, nothing bu\. _ 2. num.: 117.

.if~' ll-na \'. U·11f1.

.tr=J' ii-po. v. ie--pa.

4'~;;r k-Ixim lA.: -. (o--yi!J M kind of con­tl'l\ct or lmrgaln.

Jt~. Uoma (for r)MnU or yU'-'OI(1) lV.. noblewoman, Iftd)' of nwlr. or quality,

b61

lady, -ii-via ~i.,ju, km-loili- noblem.n',daughter, young lady, Miss..a-~: u- mQ,i &Ie.: 'divine prtd~tina.

- I tion, divine jllotectioll; natuff, fale,deniny; powerj origill of po,..er or autho-­rity; strcogth', force, the lauer sigtlific.t.ionalso in irtl.(?).

Jt~...f k-rul &4.: letid, putrid.

.iff kg 1. imp. of~pu, resp. for log.-2. tbt: Arabia.n ..."t!A chieftain, elder,

vsenior. - 3. C. 001. for W I....._. Wd I. strength. forft, _ .tNM, -..Iu, C.

Wo Jtsr; dpd-lili Wd-U a mighty heroTIrgy.; Uti-Can stt1lAg. YigorollS. pclwtrfut;iM-MO 1. sbsl.. - W~ 2. adj... ~aJl r,.,•6J'--fJt() !!!JOfI"1H1 Y"",- he is strong and skHit,i«J-.mid powerless, weak, i«l-tttid-l:yi rid­btu rka>i-(Wj -..gyotJI one truel! quiclr.er onfoo\ than on a 'ft'eak horse; Nd-biia welk,feeblc, frail, e.g. lw U. j W .bn lltrePg\hdec~ begins to fail, r- is re6wred,ftyalJJl ii impaired; W Il.yid-pc w grow fat&It..: 'to protect; to make basle'; .""!ig­la W CNg-h- W. to strengthen a pelIOn;-W d(lli nyi-rt· 11'. to I'tIb ....ell, foreiblrj-UtI Mr-U(lbyar-tt)loN-run and jump! ·Whir-tt gyob- s11,ing your arm and throw! IV.;·i«J.I:yt,...nd~ by foree, with \'lolen<:e,e g. -la"- he foreed it on (me) Jv. (e£ 1IaJl);W-po--"N astrong, powerful ml\.l1 Tltgy.; lid­bu Lu. id.; itd~dg&Ie. one having poweror authority, a lord, ruler. - -ltd - tedoi­W. force, violence, -W-,e<Ui (}ali- by foree,e.g. to take, -1td-icaJi tdn-U' lV. to violate,to foroo (I' girl).

II. the approximate direction, region,quarter, nyi-mai ..09 I~a ~lo'N the sun,i.e. between the sun fLOd the horizon Mil.;lV.: -ga,; Ud-la· in whnt direction? where­to? ·lk lid-la- about in thllt direction; -gailltd 1If (Ii\. rnm) iig-tu- to llOme place orotber.

~ im(?) floor of a house or room lV.

11:::$),1;' lu-pyin abbreviatioll for In.rab­. I ;;1-1 kyi l'>d-rol-tu ?!Jilt-pa, the title of 1\

dh'illion of the Kan-m/llr.

562

ser-ba T so

, pf. &?r, to compare, to con-

front Cs.

sel crystal, glass Dzl and elsewh. ;ace.

to Stg. the inoon also consists of such

crystal Cs. : rdn-sel native crystal, bzu-sel

artificial crystal, glass; mdn-sel Pth. prob.= sel; spos-sel amber; me-sel burning-glass,

cu-sel x|ttf ej|frT a fabulous magic stone sup-

posed to have the power of producing water

or even rain.

Comp. Sel-kor or -por a tumbler. sel-

dkdr=selGlr. sel-Kdn glass-works, glass-

manufactory Schr, sel-sgdn globe of glass

Mil. sel-sgo glass-door. sel-rdo crys-

tal. sel-snod, sel-spydd a crystal or glass

vessel. sel-preii a string of glass-beads.

sel-bum glass-bottle. sel-mig spectacles,

spy-glass, telescope.

*n$J' ses v. ces.

J3SJ'H ses-pa (synon. rig-pa, resp. mKyen-

pa) I. vb., 1. to know, perceive, ap-

prehend, bzdn-bar ses-pa to find, to knowa thing to be good Glr.

; brtdgs-na mi ses

when (the soul) is searched for, it is not to

be perceived or apprehended Mil.; ses-pai

bio ingenium sapiens Dzl.;mi -ses -pa-dag

those who do not care for knowing (a thing)

Dzl. su ses B., C., *ci se* W. (like the Hindi

^5|T WT%) wno can teM? mav be; cian mise-

Kan a know-nothing, ignoramus, dunce; *fco-

rdn md se-fcan cen-mo zig fsor dug* W. he

is said to be an extremely clever (learned

etc.) man; mi-ses dgu ses-pa knowing (even)

the unknown things, knowing every thing

Thgy.; can -ses id.; *na-rdn ton se* W. I

know it from having seen it; ses-par gyur1 . he will know. 2. he comes to know, he

learns; ses-par gyis sig 1. know! 2. let it

be known ! ses-bzin-du knowing, knowingly,

with (my) knowledge; no-ses-pa=

ses-pa }

yet cf. sub no. - - 2. to understand,=

go-

ba, don the sense Glr.', nas rtsis ses I under-

stand mathematics; to be able, in a general

sense, also physically: *ghan se-pa* C. to

one's best ability, to the utmost of one's

power (= )i nus-kyis B., *ci tub-Kan* W.);

Krdg-gi gon ^ul ses-pa a clot of blood that

could only quiver (though, in fact, a human

being) Glr.; esp. with a negative: smra mi

ses-pa not being able to speak, dgye dgu mi

ses they cannot be bent or curved Med.

3. to be convinced, to be of opinion, to think,

su-layan mdzd-bor ma ses do not think any-

body to be your friend!

Il.sbst. (= rig-pa) 1. the knowing (about

a thing), knowledge. 2. science, learning,

ses-pa-la zog-tu ltd-ba to look upon science

as a (sort of) cheating. 3. intellectual

power, intelligence, ses-pa fibs the intellect

(of infants) is still very weak Lt., ysal is

clear Pth. 4. the soul or spirit, separate

from the body Thgy., Mil.

Comp. *se-gyd* talent (?) 6'., W. *$<?-

gyrf* Character C., W., *se-gyu' nem-pa* a

bad character. ses- dod desire of know-

ledge, curiosity of mind Mil. ses-ldan, ses-

blo-lddn-pa 1. knowing, rich in wisdom. 2.

very learned Sir! ses-po, ses-pa-po one

that knows or understands, a knower 6s.

ses-bya 1. what may be known or ought

to be known, ses-bya kun every thing worth

knowing, all the sciences. 2. knowing, con-

scious, wilful ? ses-byai sgrib-pa contamina-

tion by wilful sins DoJ ses-byed that

which knows, the understanding. ses-bzin

consciousness (v. above ses-bzin-du'), dran-

pa dan ses-bzin-can yin-te Gyatch. ??, 14

(cf. Burn. II, 806, 5) ;ses-bzin may, accord-

ingly, be used for 'conscience' in a Christian

sense. ses-yon Ts. = ses-rgya. ses-rdb

(TTUT) I- 'great knowledge', wisdom, in-

telligence, understanding, talent, ses-rab ce-ba

very talented, gifted (e.g. a boy) Mil.;

ses-

rdb dan Iddn-pa id.; ses - rab -spyan the

(mystic) eye of wisdom Schl. p. 210. ses-

rab-rtswa Taraxacum, dandelion, also used

as food. ses-rdb-kyi pd-rol-tu pyin-pa,

TniTxlTTf'nn'> tne having arrived at the

other side of wisdom, n. of that section of

the Kanqyur which treats of philosophical

matters.

so (Cs. : so-mo) I. die, dice, so rgydb-pa

to dice, so rtse-ba to play at dice, so-

Ogyed-pa (Sch. Kye-zig as imp.) id.? so

rgydl-baorpdm-pato win or lose at playing;

562

.tj%:..q. jb-ba, pr. bier, to compare, to con·front c,..

1io.r jel crystal, glass Dzl. and elsewh. j.ace.. I to SlfI. the mOOD also consists of suchcl)'Stal c,.: f'a'l-$el nAtive crystal, bzu-jelartificial crystal, glass; man-Jei PtA. prob._ itt; .p;n-Ul amber; me-Ail burning-glass,lu-Jel ~ll'l' a fabulous magic "tone sup­posed to have the power of producing wateror even rain.

Compo jel-kOr or for II tumhler. - $el­dkdr-selGlr. - Jet-lCd,' glass-works, gillsg...manufactory &/11', - JeHgQ,i gloue of glassMil. - Jel-3[ld glass-door. - Jel-rod crys­tal. - Jel-MUJd, iel-8pVdd a crystal or glassvessel. - kl-prbi 8 string of glass-beads.- jel-bUmglnu-bottle. - Jel-mfg spectacles,spy-glass, telescope.

-.9~ ';es v. Cel.

.tj~tr ji3-pa (synOD. rig-pa, resp. mJ!Yffl-pa) I. vb., I. to know, perceive, ap­

prehend, bzdli-bar Ut-pa to find, to knowa thing to be good Glr.; brtdgs-fla 'fill Je.when (the soul) is searched for, it is not to

be per<:eived or apprehended Mil.; U~-pai

bW i1lf!t1Iium Sf.lpiens Dzl.; mi~Ae3-pa-dag

those who do not care for knowing (a thing)Dzl.; ,uU3 B., C., ·tiile" W: (like the Hindi<NT 'IJ!('l'it) who can tell? may be; eian miJt­I!anaknow-nothing, ignoramus, dunce; -/..'0­rUli ma At!-!.;an Cfn-mo zig f8Qr dug- W. heis said to be an extremely clever (learnedetc.) man; mi-AhdguJts-pa knowing (even)the unknown things, knowing every thingThtJy.; tan-Aea id.; tina-reM (0'; iltto W Iknow it frOID having ieeD it; Ah-pal' gyurI. he will know. 2. he comes to know, helearns; ia-par gyi3 ilig 1. know! 2. let itbe known! Aes-bZin-du knowing, knowingly,with (my) knowledge; tid-Jes-pa. _ Ms-pa,yet cf. sub no. - 2. to understand, _ gd­bu, don the sense GIr.; riaa rmis Aes I under­stand mathematir,s; to be able, in a generalsense, also physically: ·ghali Ji-puto C. toone's best ability, to the utmost of onc'spower (_ ji nU8~.tyisB., -n (~/{anto lY.);Ilrdg-gi goii <1/ul Ah-pu a clot of blood. that

could only qui\'er (though, in fact, a humanbeing) Glr.; esp. with It negative: W1Ta miih-pa not being able to speak, dg!Je dfJU miJes they cannot be bent or curved Med. ­3. to be convinced, to be of opinion, to think,.iv-la yan mdzd-bor ma ile' do not think any­body to be your friendl

U.shst. (- rig-pa) I. llie knowing (auouta thing), knowledge. - 2. science, learning,Jia-pa-la zdg-tu lta-ba to look upon scienceas a (sort of) cheating. - 3. intellectualpower, Intelligence, Us-pa (ib3 the intellect(of infants) is still ~ery weak Lt., ysal isclear Pth. - 4. tile soul or spirit, separatefrom the body Thgy., Mil.

Compo tlili!-gyd· talent(?) C., W. - tlU..flY!!'· cllaracter G., lV., tlJl-iJJI~~' Mm-pa· abad character. - ses--oddd desire of know­ledge, curiosity of mind .Mil. Je#-ldan, Ae$­blo-lddn-pa l. knowing, rich in wisdom. 2.

very learned Sir! - Je.-po, ih--pa'po onethAt knows or understands, a knower QI.- Us--b!JG I. what may be known or oughtto be known, Jb-bya l.:un every thing worthknowing, all the sciences. 2. knowing, con­scious, wilful? Ah-byai 'flri1J..pa contflmioll­tion by wilful sins Do.' - Ju-byed tbatwhich knows, the understnnding.- Ah-bZinconscioltSness (v. above Je&-biin-du), dran­pa dan At3-bZjn-~an yin-te Gyatch. nv-, 14(cf. Bum. II, 806, 5); U,.f1zinmIlY, accord­ingly, be used for 'conscience' in a christiansense. - Ji'-y<lIi Th. = JelH"gya. - Ja..,.db(lnJT) I. 'great knowledge', wisdom, in­telligence, understanding, talent, ila-rab ce-bavery talented, gifted (e.g. ll. hoy) MiL; 8eS­rdb dan lddn"pa id.; Aa-rab-'pyan the(mystic) eye of wisdom &hl. p. 210. - Je,­rab-r"lM Tara.rocum, dandelion, also usedas food. - in-lYib-kyi pd-rol-tu pyin-pu,Q1'1fn:flRn', the having arrived at theother side of wisdom, n. of that section ofthe KaW/!JUf which treats of philosophicalmatters.:tV io (Ck: id-IM) 1 die, dice, AOIWdb-pa

to dice, io rW-ba to play at dice, k­ogyid-pa (&h. fyi-ZifJ as imp.) id.? - iorgydl-baor po.m-pa to win or lose at playing;

">-gam Mn-ba

('. the money or stake deposited

at dice-playing; I'teis-doi rdeu Mil., to-rdel

H., uti attribute of certain deities; so-mig

the points of dice, so-mig ysum-par (or -pa-

la) Jjdb-na wlien three points arc thrown.

Tiln'tans play \vith three dice marked with

6 and 1, 5 and 4, 3 and 2 on opposite sides,

hence from 3 to 18 points may be thrown.

II. 1. the white willow of Spiti, Ld. and

other Himalayan districts. 2. other plants

rgya-so, lug-so? Wdn.

III.= btsa-ma blast, blight, sm ut, mildew< s.

IV. for so-gam, q. v.

V. num.: 147.

so-gum custom, duty, tax, so-gdm Ici-

ba W. *lcin-te* high duty, so-gam

ten-pa to take toll, to levy a duty; so-gdmbzld-ba Sch. : 'to smuggle, to circumvent or

defraud the customs' (?); so-gdm- gyi ynas

custom-house; so-gdm-pa receiver of the

customs, toll-gatherer; *so-tdl, so-dti'* Ts.

tax, duty."

s6-ca a kind of steel-yard C.

"

sn-ma, v. sd-mo, mushroom Mil.

*

so-md/i a medicinal herb Med.

^ sd-ra saltpetre, nitre, sd-ra-can nitrous.

$o-re, adj., damaged, spoiled, by being

partially broken, torn etc., sbst. : a de-

fect, flaw, notch, gap, also hare-lip; **o-rt

son* it is damaged, *so-re ton son* a notch,

chink, crack has been caused; *Ka-&6r, na-

s6r*, with a slitlip, a slit nose.

*

s6-lo-ka v. slo-ka.

%-^j prop, from fsegs-pa,

f^d/z-^a, 1. come! let him come!

Obrds-bu fsur-sog-gi yid-smdn nd-la med I

do not wish that fruit should come to mefrom without Mil. ; Kur sog, Kyer sog bskyal

sog bring hither, (with son inst. oisog: take

a\vay!) sog zer-ba to invite, ned-la sog kyaii

mi zer Glr. we are not so much as invited,

you know. 2. with the imp.=

gyur-cig,

bsad-par-sog may (he, I etc.) be killed ! DzL- II. V. 60S.

?a I. sbst., also frq. yb6g-pa, 1.

wing, ysog-vkyan-ba to spread the

wings, also to spread like wings; *s6g-pa

d<?-ce, cdd-ce, Jum-ce* W. to clip the wings;

ysdg-pa-can, ysog-lddn provided with wings,

winged, a bird. -- 2. wing-feather, pinion,

Odab-y&6g, ysdg-sgro id.; mjuy-ysoy tail-

feather. 3. fin, of fishes. 4. other things

resembling a wing or a feather, mig-ysog,res p. spydn-ysng eye-lash; ran-tdg-gi ys6g-

pa prob.: wing or float-board of a water-

mill; of course it might also be used for:

wing, sail, of a windmill, though these are

not yet known in Tibet.

II. vb., v. sub ysog-pa.

^arn-n* sog-bu, W. *sug

-gu*, 1 . sheet of

'

paper, and paper collectively, rgya-

sog China paper, bod-sog Tibet paper, dar-

sog silk-paper, ras-sog cotton-paper (also

paper of linen-rags), sih-sdg bast-paper,

pags-sog leather-paper, skin-paper, parch-

ment; mfin-sog, nag-sog dark- blue or black

paper, for writing on in gold or silver; mgo-

sog, resp. dbu-sog, upper leaf, i. e. cover,

covering, wrapper. 2. Bal. : book.

Comp. sog -fcdn paper-maker's form. -

soy-gait a sheet of paper. sog-grdns num-ber of leaves in a book. sog-sgril, sog-

dril, W. *sog-rit* paper-roll, codex. sog-

Ideb Sch.: 'leaf, sheet'? sog-fsdr scrapof paper. sog-siii Sch. palm-tree ? sog-

hril ycig=

sog-gdn, Sch.

), ^sa/i(s) (Lex. i

'elevated plain,

ridge of a mountain') 1. mountain-ridge Wts.

Usual meaning: 2. pit, hole, cavity, exca-

vation, valley, cu-sdns cavity filled with

water DzL; span-sons valley with meadows,

low ground overgrown with grass ; snai bya-

ysog-gi ysoits the cavities near the wingsof the nose Mil.nt.\ s6h-du valley-ward,

down hill DzL; s6/is-can, (j'^sOH-^sd/i full

of cavities, uneven, Sch. also : rough, rugged,

steep; sdus-bu furrow, Hd/is-bu Ofen-pa to

make furrows, to furrow.

*6h-ba I. to go in, to have room in

or on, with term., mi ion, W. also:

*s6n-ce mi dug* that is not to be got in,

'63

Ao-tYJYlin (,•. the mollCY or ..take depositedat dice-pill,ying; ru(.-loi rlleu .Mil., Jo-rdilWdl·., M aUrihllle of certain deities; io-migtile points of dice, *""ig r.u1fI-par (or-pa.La) "bd[,.lla when three points nrc throwlI.Tilletll.Ds play with tbroe dice miuked with6 and 1, 51\ud 4, 3 and 2 on opposite sides,hence from 3 to 18 l)(lints may he thrown.

II. l. tlie white willo't\· of Spiti, J.d. andoth,·rIlimala)'ll.D districts. - 2. other plantsrwa-io, lug~ol Wdti.

JII.-bua-ma blast, hlight,smut,mildewCo.

IV. for ~a1Jl, q. \'.V. num.: 147.

=tf~. iJr"..golll custom, duty, tu, iJr"..gdmlti-- ba W: ''It'i,He'' high dut)" iJo--gam

kn-pa to take toll, to le\')' a duty; iJo-,qambzld-ba &h.: 'to smuggle, to circumvent orul,fl'lluU the customs'{?); iJo-gd11l-gyi rna8custom~honile; jo-gom-pa receiver of thecustoms, toll-gatllerer; "lo-tul, iJo-d,,'" '1,.tax, duty.

4fa;' .id-ca A. kind t)f sted-}'ard C.

4f;r ia_ma, \'. ,id-'lIlO, mushroom Mil.

=tf~c:: io-mli,i a medicinal herb .Med.

4f=..- id-rasaltpetre, nitre, id-ra-CtJ1l nitrous.

4fi:" so--ri, adj., damaged, spoiled, by lIcingpartially broken, torn etc., sbst.: a de­

fec~ flaw, nolch, gap, also hare·lip; "so-rtaOli" it is damnged, "ilr"..ri fo,~ aoli" a Dotch,chink, crock has been caused; "l1a-Jdr, fla­idr", with a slit lip, (L slit Dose.

:traf"1" id-w..ka ". iw..ka,

~. i09 I. idg~Ci!/, Ilrop. from ri~-pa,

imp. of won.ha, 1. como! let hiw come!"brlia-bu (~u"~og"'!li yid-amdn tia-la med Ido not wish thllt fruit should cowe to mefrom without Mil.; 114r JofJ, ~y,r iog ~k!lal

leg briug hither, (with ~ol'i inst. oHoy; takeI\way!) ~()[I zil'-Qa to invite, ?ied-la iofIlyaHmi zer Gl,'. we are not so much as invited,you know. - 2. .,dth tho imp. _ g!lur-i:iy,~NOY may (he,r etc.) be killed! D:l.- n. \', iea.

:tfr"'. Jdg-pa 1. 'bsl., also frq. rJdg-pa, l.wing, rlog-rl:yan-ba' w spread. the

wings, also to spread like wings; "Jdg-padl-te, Mll-te, ~/ilm.i:e'" IV. to clip tbe wings;r8&;-pa-can, riog-lddn llrovided with wings,winged, n bird. - 2. wing-feather, pinion,odah-ridg, ridg-,yro id.; m)ug-rjoy tail­feather. - 3. fin, of fishes. - 4. other thingsresembling 1\ wing or a feather, mlg-riog,resp. ap!ldll-rlOfl eye-lllSh; ruoHug-gi rsOg­pa prob.: wing or float.-board of a water­mill; of COllI'ile it might also bo used for:wing, sail, of a windmill, though these areuot yctknown in Tibet.

n. vb., v. sub rjog-pa.:tf=l']'~ idy - bu, W: "jug- flU", 1. sheet of

paper, and paper colle<:tively, ''gyG­sd9 Chinn paper, bod--Adg Tibet paper, dal"­idg silk-pnper, raHdy coHon-paper (alsopaper of [illen-rags), Un-idg bast-paper,pafl3-*dtJ leather-paper, skin-paper, parch.ment; mfin-*Og, Tlag-.idg dark-blue or blackpaller, for writing Oil in gold or silver; ffl{IQ­

sOg, resp. dbu-jdg, upper leaf, i. e. covcr,cO\'ering, wrapper. - 2. Bal,: book.

Comp, 3og-11u.,; paper-maker's form. ­SQg-yd,; a sheet of paper, - iog-1"dli, num­ber of leaves in n. book. - iOf/--8gril, jog_dril, W. ",iog--ril" paper-roll, codex. - Jog­ldlb &/i.: 'lenf, sheet'? - soy-fsdl' scmpof paper. - .iog-Ji'i &h. palm-tree? - iog_l.ril rCifJ - ¥Off-gdli, &h.

4~(~', "14,(~)" ''''('), ",.,,(.) (/~.,~ 'ele\·nted plaiD,

ridge of n. mountain') 1, mountain.ridge lVu.Usual meauiuA': 2. pit, hole, cavity, eltca·vation, valley, Cu - idtis CAvity filled withwater Dzl.; .pali-*oris valley with meadows,low ground overgrown with grass; .Tlai bya­rJdg-gi rJo'is the cavities nelL!' the wingsof the nose Nil, nt.; ioli - du valley-ward,down bill Dd.; .MtiS--Cll'l, (r);"'i-(r)fdli fullof cavities, uneYen, Seh. also; rough, rugged,steep; so,i'·,* furrtlw, iOHS·bu o(m-pa to

make furrows, to furrow.:tf::.::r idn-ba I.. to go in, t~ ha~e room in

or on, wnh term., 1I1~ lOfj, IV. also:".MI1-re ,,,I dug" thll.~ is not to be got iD,

564

sod

there is no room for it; bre Ina son-bai bum-

pa a can holding five quarts Dzl.

II. pf. bsans, fut. bsan, imp. ,so/i(s),to

empty, remove, carry or take away, W. stones,

earth etc., but gen. (with or without rkydg-

pa) to go to stool, to ease nature, B. and col.

sod 1. the lower, the inferior part of

a thing, rtse-sod upper and lower part,

top and bottom C.; rgya-sod Wdn. alowtract of land, with a milder climate, where

e.g. apricots are thriving, opp. to pu-lhdgselevated cold region, scarcely fit for the

cultivation of corn and barley; sod-du to

or towards the bottom, down, downwards,

C., *so'-du bob-pa* to descend, come down,*so'-ne Odzeg-pa* to ascend C. 2. imp. of

Ocdd-pa, bsdd-pa', yet cf. also:

*^-p 5 pf. bsdd-pa, 1 . to say, to de-

clare C. 2. to comb Cs.

sob, ysob a fib, falsehood, lie,

smra-ba, W. *gydb-ce*, to tell

a lie.

* sob-sob loose, soft, as leaves etc.

W.

som-pa, pf. (6)&ms, bsams, fut. bsam,

imp.(&)som(s), to prepare, make ready,

arrange, put in order, fit out, ynas lodgings,

-ydan a seat, ston-mo a festive entertainment,

bzon-pa a carriage, i.e. to have the horses

put to Dzl. ; dpun-gi fsogs an army Dzl. -

som-ra 1. preparation, arrangement, fitting

out, som-ra byed-pa=

som-pa C., so also 6s.;

but Sch. : 2. som-ra state, pomp, splendour,with byed-pa to show

off, to dress smartly,som-can stately, grand (?).

sor v. so-re.

* sor-ba 1. v. cor-ba. 2. to measure

Mil., v. ysor-ba.- sdl-ba 1. intercalation, insertion 6s.,

zla-sol intercalary month. 2. 6s :

tense of bsol-ba q.v.

sdl-po Sch.: 'a species of willow', v.

ysol-po.

sos I. almost always in conjunctionwith fcig, the other, of two, e.g. bud-

ycig-sos the other woman Dzl. 2.

,col, sog, a termination indicating

pres

the comparative or superlative degree: cun-

sos, yzon-sos the younger, the youngest, of

two or of several, btsun-mo Ina-brgydi cun-

sos Pth.\ *rin-sog* W. the tallest; yun-rih-sos Thgy. the most long-lived; drin-ce-sos

the principal benefactress, cf. drin; nad ce-

sos rgds-nad Ofebs-pas because one is suffer-

ing under the chief disease, viz. old age,

Thgy.

% sri Ssk.,=

dpal glory, magnificence; mag-"

nificent, splendid, grand ;srt-ri Ml., pr.

n., a naked mountain in a sandy plain, about

a ten day's journey to the west of Tashi-

Ihunpo, covered with monasteries, and perh.on that account considered as nyams-mfsdr-ba. srl-Kan<fa v. dpdl-gyi dum-bu.

' slo-ka Ssk., also so-lo-ka, strophe,

Stanza, esp. one consisting of four ca-

talectic trochaical dimeters.

sd-ma, worthy,

becoming, fitting, suitable, Ofse-ba mi

ysai as it is unworthy, unbecoming, im-

proper, to persecute (others) Dzl.;*de Kyod-

la sa yod* or *sd-ce yod* Ld. that serves you

right. 2. righteous, upright, honest, good,=

skyon-med-pa, C.;bio ysd-ma an upright,

true heart, Thgy. ;*le sd-ma )he'-pa* C. to

perform a work faithfully, in good earnest.

II. only, merely; mere, nothing but, (=

sd-stag} C.

cn^q'srm^' q^qcV:rnx- fsa-dkdr, bsa-dkdr

S.g., Wdn., C. tin,

W. kar-ya\ yet cf. za-nye.

jn nn-xr- ysa-rin a long skirt or coat-tailN

Sch.

XJ" ysdg-pa v. ysog-pa.

med

Zam

ysags right, justice, Lex. and esp.

W.; ^sa^s Jbyed-pa Lex. to investi-

gate the rightfulness (of an action),=

*ge

dig pe-ce* W.; *tim-sdg tdn-ce* to admin-

ister justice, to sit in judgment *fim -sdg-

tan-Jcan* judge, *sag (go-} log tdn-ce* to

warp justice, to judge contrary to justice

and right; *iim-sdg zu-ce* to go to law, to

bring an action, *sdg-pon* superior judge,

chief-justice, W --bka-ysdgs v. bka extr.

there is no room for it; b,.e lila ~(M·bai bUm­pa II. can holding five quarts Dzl.

H. pf. hia;,s, fut. Mati, imp. .;oli(s), toempty, remove, carry or take away, lV. stones,earth etc., but gen. (with or without rkyufJ­pa) to go to stool, to ease nllture, B. and col.

4:-' sod 1. tbe lowu, tbe inferior par~ of"\ n thing, rf:se.itod upper and lower pnrt,

top and bottom C.; 1'f!!Ja-sod IVdli. a lowtraet of land, with u milder climate, wheree.g. apricots are thriving, opp. to rJu-1MfJselevated cold regioa, scarcely Ji~ for thecultivation of coru and barley; 8dd..Ju to

or towards tbe bottom, down, downwards,C., -itg'-du bdb-pa- to descend, rome down,-s/_7~ "dzip-pao to ascend C. - 2. imp. of)!dd-pa, /Mud-pa; yet d. also:

4~·.cr iod-pa, (If. /Mud-pa, I. to say, to de·clare C. - 2. to comb Cs.

:If.::r W· ilob, fSOO a fib, falsehood, lie,, smrJ.ba, W "9!JJ.b-ce", to tell

a lie.

:tf.:r:tfl' itob-ltoo loose, so«. as leaves etc.IV.

4f~..q' ~om-pa, pf. (h)loms,bSams, fl!t. wam,lmp.(b)jom(8),10 prepare, make ready,

arrange, put in oroer, fit out, rn(/$ lodgings,fdan a seat, st&n.."ro a festi\·e entertainment,bzdn-pa a CDI'riage, i.e. to blwe the horsesput to Dzl.; dpun-gj (soys an army Dzi. _itom-,.a I. preparation, arrangement, fittingou~ XtJm-ra bgM-pa -Mm-pa C.,so alsoCs.;lIut &h.: 2. .Mm-ra slate, pomp, splendour,willi bgM-pa to 8how off, to dress smartly,86m-can stately, grand (?).

:tir.: itor v. 80-ri.

:q,,',::r so,:"ba_1. ~ ."cor-ba.- 2. to measureMil., \. ysor-bu.

~·.::r iol-ba I. intercalalion, insertion c..,da-sol interealary month. - 2. G3 :

pres. tense of blsdl-lJa q.v.~q sol-po &11.: '0. sllecies of willow', v.

riuJl-po.~~ ~os 1. nImost u.lwa)'8 in ronjunction

with rCi[}, the olher, of two,~e.g. btuJ­mM rl:i[J-s6s the otber wornnn J)zl. - 2.Zam. i'R;, col. sag, a termination indicating

Di

the comparative or snperlati"e uegree; cun­.ids, )'zoll-8lls the younger, the )'ollDgeilt, of~wo or of senmll, btsun..,,10 lita-lJr[J!ldi eu'i·ids Ptll.; °ril<_;;og" W the talleSl; yun.n·li­Ms Tilpy. the most long-lived; drin-Ct-~lls

the priucipallJcnefaetress, cf. dn'n; nad ct­ills rgJ.s-nad "fib8-pfU be<:ause one is suffel'­ing under the chief disease, viz. olrl age,TIlf}y.

~ sri &k., = dpal glory, magnificence; mag·I':,. nificent, splendid, grand; ;;ri-n' Mil., pron., a naked mountain in a sandy plain, aboutI' ten day's journey to the west of 'l'ashi­IhuDpo, cO\'er('d with monasteries, and perl..011 that account considered as 1I!1a1lls_7II£$l1r_ba. sn-J.!a'l}(fa v. dpdl1J!Ji dum-bu.

:cr'll' liM.-lra Ssk., nl80 so-la-ka, strophe,~ stanza, esp. one consisting of four ca­talectic trochoical dimcters.

:q-.9~· rita 1. 1. ul80r·;a-ma, blsJ.-7IIGI, worthy,becoming, fitling, suitable, o(si-ba mj

pai fI.5 it is unworthy, unbecoming, im­proper, to persecute (others) D::L; "de lfyOd­la 8a yoo- or °ild_('e yod- Ld. that serves youright. - 2. righteous, upright, honest, good,- Joydll_nu:d_pa, G; Uo r~J.·ma an upright,true hearl, 'l'IIf!!!.; Ok 3&-1IIa )lll~pao C toperform a work faithfully, in good earnest.

II. only, merely; mere, nothing but, (_sd·stag) C.~~~::{'l"., q"'9t;'~rrr rsa-dk~r,.bsa~dlr~r

S.p., n'bl., C. tin,W. kar-ya; yet cf. za-nyc.

at.a~;~t:: ysa-rili a long skirt or cont-tailT"l ScI..

'¥l9".f )idg-pa \'. rsog-pa.

~.~r ]'ilags righi, justice, Le;r. and esp.IV.; yAa[p "byed-pa Lu. to investi­

gate the rightfulness (of an action), = "gedig pt-<'e" w.; "!im-AJ.p tJ.I'-et" to admin­ister justice, to sit in judgment" (im - Scip­t{lli-I.'an~ judge, "sag (go-) Mg tdli-U towl\rp justice, to judge cOlltraryw justice:md right; "jim.sag ::u-U to go to law, tobring an action, "sug-}JQ7I° superior judge,chief-justice, W - hl.·a·rAdg8 v. bka llxlr.

ytan

_--./.;/; a musical instrument, esp. used

by the Bonpo, Glr., )*"/; Lrol-ba to

[lay on thai inst ruim-nl .I///.

n Sch. = bsdit-ba.

fsl'"-y^'til rough, rugged plar.->

or tracts Cs:

ysdd-pa 1. = sod-/xt to comb.

2.= o cd<l-j><fI l.,to explain, to relate.

/.sw/ 1. the lower part of a thing,

) >/i-<//< a adv. down, b.postp. under,

below, beneath;also adv. farther down, more

towards the end, in the course of; examplesv. sub leu, postp. dei ysdm-du under it.

2. barren, B. and col., wo-ysdm, rgod-ysdm,

ba-ysdm a barren woman, mare, cow.

'

ysar Sch.: a certain style of writing.

"$T ysds-ma Sch. = ysd-ma.

a v -

cnny-rt- ysin-pa 1. also ysin-po good, fine,

;/// sin-pa B., C. a fertile field, sa-

pyfys ysin-pa a rich country Sty.; ysin-parrmd-ba to plough well; ysin-sa 1. fertile

field or land. 2. \. ysin-po. 2. = ysim-pa.

fsin-po one deceased, a dead man,

ysin-mo a dead woman, e.g. *-/w-

m6)ar-z6m* the deceased, the late Jorzom;

it may have reference to the body, as well

as to the soul, or to both together. j-sin-

rje the god of the dead, of the lower re-

gions, of hades, also regarded as the judgeof the dead, Ssk. iffi' fsin-rjei ysed a. id.,

Yama the destroyer, b. the destroyer of

Yama, Siwa; Ssk. zr7TTrT^R- cf. also<Sc/^.93.

*<-in-ditdf

knot, opp. to *tol-dud* a bow, a

slip-knot W. ysin- dre the soul as a ghostor spectre Sch. ysin- prds the convulsive

motions, the writhings of a dying creature.

-ysin-zas food presented to the Lamas

when a person has died (Cs.: food prepared,or exposed for the dead?), sin-sa \. bury-

ing ground, cemetery, 2. fertile field.

i''ju<il>-i>if C. to induce assembled peoplel>\ means of a stick to stand or sit closer;

cf. zal-bddy. 2. i-nl-ijri yxih-fia Wdn.f

r**m-pa, ytin-pa Sch.'.

'ground, crushed'.

qiq^t'q3C'q' ysims-bzdn-ba Sch. to be ir-

resolute, unsettled in opin-

ion; to be distrustful, suspicious.

/.vts,often also A.;-/.s, 1. nature, temper,

natural disposition, ysis-ka col. id.,

ra/'t-ysis yin it is their nature, their natural

disposition Mil. ysis-kyis by the verynature of the case, without secondary causes,

naturally, quite of itself Mil.; ysis-hdn Mil.,

Do. was also explained by rgyu-med-par,

prob. implying merely: not having been

one's self the efficient cause. 2. person,

body, /.sis fams-cdd-du Obyug-go they anoint-

ed the whole body Do.

ysun-ba Cs. to rebuke, reproach;the Lexx. explain it by: sub-bur

smdd-pa to blame in a whisper, i.e. behind

a person's back.

ysiim-pa v. sum-pa.

yse-ba, pf. yses, to abuse, revile, with

la, Dzl. and elsewh.; yse yan slar

mi yse-ba even when reviled, (one should)

not revile again (rule for monks) Cs.

-^'

yseg pa v. ysog-pa.

ono(t)-pa,

also ysiy-pa, 1. Sch. : to range, to compare;Ld. to be ranged, to draw up iu files; *yral

(iP- fwg*, Duha in

Peer Introd. etc. p. 68; but sog

is prob. the original and older form), Bal.*sags-cos", resp. to go, to go away, opp. to

Obyon-pa to come Glr.;

in other passagesto come Dzl. ; fsegs-grdbs mdzad he made

preparations for setting out Mil.;ndm-mKa-

la Opur - zin ysegs he ascended to heaven

Tar.] slar yw/*-pa to return, to come back.

ysegs-pa is col. seldom used, but often in

books, and mostly of Buddha and great

saints; bde-bar ysegs-pa to die, of saints

and kings: sku ysegs-pa Glr.', dgun-du or

(l<jii/'i-l<i ysegs-pa Mil ,mKar ysegs-pa Glr.,

id.; b<.ti {-bar} -yseys(-pd) as partic.=

OTTrT

Buddha; de-bZin-ysegs-pa ^ \ijHM ace. to the

explanation now generally accepted : he that

566

:q..qc::" tim. 1I mll~i('lll ill~trunlcnt, e~(l.lI~ed

U}' tbe BOIIJlO, Gir., )'la,; o~'rQI-b{l to

play 011 tlllH iUlilrumenl Mil.

~'=l" ),iflll'pc< &1,. _ bid/i-ba.

::n..a~'.::nJ:fC:;' )'ill,j.yid,i l:ouglJ. rugged IllllrcsI' I T I 01' lrncl.S L,:

::n.a-'.:r ridd-pa I. - iOd-pli to comb. ­.,. ("\ 2. =' orad,pllll" to explain, to relate.9'tl~. flam 1. the lower part of II. thing,

)'idm-<lu:\ ndv. down. h. postp. under,below, beneath; also Mk farther down, moretowards tbe end, in the course of; e:u,m(l!elI

\'. sub ku; IIO~tp. (/n.' rfUlI",du under it. ­2. barren. lJ. and col., Jlw--ridm, rgoo-yiulII,Im-yiam n oorren woman, marc, cow.

::rrq~ par Sclt.: a. certain style of writing.

~~.~. fida-ma &11, = tid-ma.

•~~. rUg-pa v. rUb-pa

~~'.:.j' fUll-Pit 1. alllO fi/n-po good, fine.!ti,i iin.pa n" C. a fertile field, aa­

hlOgS riin.pa a. ),jeh couotry Sfy.; fUn-P«I'1'111o-ba to ploulo';h wcll; fUIl-aa l. fertilefield or land. 2. \'. fMII-lXi. - 2. = f3i/fl-p«.~:,.q T~illiX! one deceased, a dead man,

"l fUtHl/o a (l"ll.d woman, e.l\'. *Un-1/10 )01'-:;:011'* tILe deceased, the late Jorz6m;i~ muy have refereuce to the body, as wellllS to the sou~ or to both together. - T~ill~

rft the god of the dead, of the lower re­gions. of hades, also regarded as tile judj:(eof tIl<' dead, Ssk. tl'lI; T3in-rJei fkll (I.. id.,Yama the uClitroyer. b. the de~troyer ofYama, Si\\'a; Ssk. '!l1nlrf•. ef.also&/IUI3.*(in-dud' knol, opp. to *tul-dlid* a bow, nslip-knot W. - f/$in-odd the soul as n ghostor spectre Sen. - pin-oprcn the convulsil'emotions, the writbings of n d)'iug creature.- fiin- zen food presented to the Lnml\Swhen a person has died (LS.: fooll!lrepureu,or eJ:IIOsed for the dead?). itill~a I. bury­ing ground. cemetery, 2. fertile field.

"I"'t'l (,,)':t", 'l"'t'l (") ":t" t'W(')' 1"',Wlh(8) - pa,

Illso fiig-ptJ, J. &Ii..' to rl\nge, 10 compare;Ld. to be muged, to draw up ill files; *gral

fU9 J'g!Jdb~l'a*Co to induce lI.S6Cmllled l>llol,leIly menns of a stick to staDtI or sit closer;cr. z«l-bddy. - 2. rul-g" fUb-pa Wdli.'

W·.:r, ~.:r f UIII-I'(I, fJi11-pa &1,.:'ground, eru~hed·.

~;f~·.:::j'.=r.:::r f 3ill&8<-b::d'i-ba &/,. t.ohe ir-resolutc,unSt"uled in opill­

ion; to be distrustful, sUllpiciou.~.

::n:a~r tiill,o(lcn also /,Mill, I. nalure,lemper,l" 1 natural disposition, f~~ -I'a col. id.,

1'(.IIj-fn8 !Ii" it is dlcir nnlure, their naturaldisposition MiL - fj~ - lyi4 by the veryIlature of the case, withollt secondarycauscs,naturally, quite of itself Mil.; r~~-,jd1i Mil.,lJiJ. was also explained by rgyU-mal-pm',prob. implying nlcrely: not having beenone's self the efficient cause. - 2. person,body, I"~is (ml13-Md-du obyufHjO they anoint-­ed the whole body Do.

=q-qt:::r fillti-ba COl. to reLuke, reproach;..J the Lux. explain it by: ,;ub-bu,.

8mdd-pa to blaDle in a whisper, i.e. behinda IletsOn's back.

~~'.q' f3litn-pa v.3um-Fa.~

z::n..a',::r yU-ba, pf. f3t3, to abuse, Nlvile, withT 1 fa, Dzl. and e1scwh.; r};e !la,; 81m'

11Ii r3i-ba el'en when reviled, (oue should)not re\'ile again (rule for monks) G'8.

~'r f3eq pa v. riOg~pa.

~~"r f Mg8-pa (illip. fieg', Duloo inPm lntrod. etc. p. 68; l.lUt 30g

is prob. the ol"iginl\1 llnd oldllr form), /Jal.*iaga-(aJl~, resp. 10 go, to go away. opp. to"u!l0ll-pa to come Gf/'.; in other passnges10 come D::L; ritgs-gl·db. 1/uJ;:ad he madepreparations for setting out MiL; ?ldm-mA'a­la ollu/' - ziti f¥t[l8 be "scendcd 10 hensen'Ja1'.; Jla/' r3b,P-pa to relurn, to come back.rUg~-pa is col. seldoDl used, but oflel) inbooks, and mostly of Budrlbll and grcntsuint.s; bdi-bar r3t,P'-pa to die, of sllint;;and king;;; d1t fieg'-pa Glr.; dglui-da 01'

dfJlui-La pig'-pa Mil, ",1'(11' ptg..pa Gfr.,id.; lxli(-bar)-rityJ(-pa) as partic. - ~Buddha; ck-bh"l-j'it!l'-pa~ ace. to theexplanation now generally a«epted: he tbat

566

ysed-ma '-Cp yhor-ba

walks in the same ways (as his predeces-

sors), a very frq. epithet of the Buddhas.

ysegs-bskyes parting-( beer-) cup, parting-

feast or treat Mil. ysegs-zon Cs. a banquetor dinner, after the death of a great person.

ysed-ma, rarely ysed, 1. execu-

tioner, hangman Stg. ; ysed-ma sko-

ba to engage a hangman, i.e. to pay a mur-

derer Glr ; fig. : pan fsun ycig-gi ysed ycig-

gis byd-ste Wdn. prob. means : one destroy-

ing the other. 2. in a special sense: godsof vengeance, tormenting the condemned

in hell, or fighting against evil spirits, drag-

ysed Schl.

ysen-rab(s) Glr.

}the founder

of the Bon-religion, his full

name being bon ysen- robs-yyuh-drun C.

prob. identic with the Chinese philosopherLao-tse ye-ysen Mil. id. sgrub-ysen

the Bon-doctrine (opp. to dam-cos Mil.)

yser(-ba} B., C.: wet, wetness;

yser-ba, yser-pa, yser-po adj ,

yser-bar ^gyur-ba to get thoroughly wet, to

be drenched Dzl., to get moist, to be moist-

ened; yser-bar byed-pa C.,B., *ser-pa co-

ce* W. to wet, to moisten. In C. and in B.

yser-ba seems to be mainly used for wet, in

W. for moist.

yser-ba I. sbst.and adj. v. the pre-

ceding article.

II. vb.. 1. to ask for, beg for, ser-te fob

son I got it by asking for it (I did not buyit) W. 2. to ask *ser-len-pa'' (lit. yser-

len-pd) to interrogate, to question, to try (ju-

dicially); as partic. and sbst.; the examin-

ing or criminal judge C. 3. = ysor-ba to

measure C.

y^-ba, pf. ysos, 1. to pour out, to

pour away C., prob. the same as bso-

ba. 2 (?) */,ra sos-te foyer* he has alienated

him, enticed him to join his own party Ld.

ZTpf^f y^o-mo lever *so-mo gydb-pa* C., W,*tan- be* W.. *so-mo kdn-pa* W.,

*ke,mpa* C. to put a lever to (a thing).

CTj^CTj'q' ysog-pa I. sbst. v. s6g-pa.

II. vb., also bsog-pa, ysdg-pa, yseg-pa,

O cegs-pa, pf. ysags, bsays, fut. ysag, bsag,

imp. ysog,Pth., I. to cleave, to split, sin wood,

mdm-par entirely, fsdl-pa bzir into four

pieces Glr,dum-bur into pieces ; syo ysdg-

pa to break open a door (with a hatchet)

Pth.\ to break or pierce through, <%z7throughthe middle Mil., gans bsog-pa Mil. to break

through the snow, by means of yaks sent

in advance to beat a path (v. Huc.\ lam

bsog-pa in a gen. sense : to beat a path; lam

mi sog or ma sog-par Odug Glr. the road is

not practicable; sog-les yseg-pa Thg. to saw

lengthwise; yseg-pa is also used for: to

rend, to tear, to make a rent or slit into a

dress etc.6'., W. 2. to confess, sdig-pa,

nyes-pa, Itun-ba to confess a sin, and thus

to expiate it,which two, according to the

views of a Buddhist, are always united, at

least as it regards lighter transgressions.

Hence sdig-pa bsags frq. means: the sin is

atoned for, is blotted out, and yseg-pa is

the usual word for 'to forgive', sdig-bsdgs

atonement, expiation, sbrul bsdd-pai-sdig-

bsdgs-su as an atonement for having killed

a serpent Glr;mfol -

bsags=

sdig-bsags,

mfol-bsdgs-la sa-H6g Jbul-ba to offer a killed

animal (a sheep) as an atonement Mil.;

sdig-bsags-sm6n-lam Glr. penitential prayer.

yson(s) v. son.

'^J' ys6d-pa to comb C's.

yson-pa Cs.\ = skyon-pa to puton (?).

"

ysob = sob.

"

ysom-pa Thgy.-

som-pa.

qtjqx y&or Sch. a basin or reservoir of water,

seems to be not much known; but

in Zam. yur-bai ysor is to be found.

ysor-ba I. vb,C. also yser-ba, pf.

fut. bsar, bsor, 1. to count, e.g.

sheep , by letting them pass one by one

through one's hands, the beads of a rosary

(through one's fingers), hence cos -brjod-

bsar-sbyan man-po byed to read prayers etc.

(cf. sbyan-ba, 3). 2. to measure, bres bythe peck Lex.; to weigh; yser-la rd-ganysdr-ba to weigh out (to exchange) brass

"'alb in tbe same "'ft)"S (ns his Ilredeees­1Ol'li), a very frq. epithet of the Buddhas. ­}"UtP -W!Jh l>arUng-( br-er-) cup, JNlrting­feutor treat MiL- )'kg&-zdA~.A banquetor dinner, after lhe death of. great renon.

~e.r rW - fIIa , ruely rkd, 1. execu-tioner, hangman Stg.; ,W-ma J.'6­

IHJ to engage II. hlUlgman, i.e. to pll.y a mur­de!'f"..r Gfr j fig.: pan tiwll pig-gi ykd ytfg_vi- byd..", nCl.f. prob. m\'ftll;l: one destroy­ing tbe other. - i. in II. special sense: godsof vengeance, tonnenting lhe eoodemnedin bell, or fighting against evil spirits., drag­l'lid &Itl.~.::;..q'(~' yMn-rd6(.) Gfr., the founder

of the &In-religion, his fullIlllme being bon y?Jffl-ra08-rywi -d/ill' C.l)foll. identic with the Chinese pllilogoplwrLao-tM - yt-rjffl Mil. id. - .grub-rib1the Bon-doctrine (opp. to dWII-l"w Mil.)

~~(..::r) rYr(-ba) lJ., C.: wet, wetness;l'Ur-ba, ptr-ptt, rUr-po adj,

rilr.JJar o9!Iitr-ba to get thorollghly wet, to

be drenched D::l., to get moist, to be lLloist­eued; yik-6ar b!jld_pa C., /J., ·Ur-pa Cd­«- IV. 10 wet, to moisten. In C. IUld in /J.rkr-OO ReID!! 10 be maioly used for wet, inIv. for moisl

W·.::r yUr.oo 1 sbst.and adj..... the pre­ceding lI.rt.icle.

11_ vb.• I. to ask for, beg for. Ur-te (06.,Ii I got it by uaing for it (l did not buyit) W: - 2. to ask .jjr-fnt.po. (lit. rJk...lert-pa) to inlef1'Ogate, 10 question, to try 00­dieinlly); MllartiC'. llDd sbst.; the eJl:amin­ing or criminal jud~ C. _ 3. = yiQI-...lJa 10measure C,

~.:r rJd - ba, pf. }'6<J8, 1. to pour out, topour away c., prQu. tbe same M bJo­

ha. - 2 (t) .~fa j&·tt !!!Jtr· he hll>! alienatedhim, enliced him to join his own jllirly lA.~~ Ji6-mo lever ·~Q..mo !l!Jdb·pa·c',lI',

·tali-&-· W:. *M-mo J.:dn_pa* W.,·l:impo,· c. to Pllt a le ...er to (a thing).

~'f rJdg-po I. sbsL '1'. jdg-po.

II. ,b...........".. _ rllg-po,.N,.-fNl, pf. fio!/'. biafll, ful. ~, biog,

imp. yiog,Ptll., 1. to cleave, 10 split, lili woad,,.,uim.par entirely, Udl-pa bu'r into foorpieces Gir, dilm..JJlU' int.o pieces j 'flO J-jdg­po to break open 4 door (with a hatchet)1'IA.; to break or pierce Ihrough,cU-,yilthrougbIhe middle '}/il, ga~ bfdg--pa .MiL to breall:through the I;DOW, by meaDS of )..ks senlin ad\'ance to bell, a path (T. llw:.), lambeog.pa in a gen. seuse: to beat a pith; lammi Jog or ma i,og-par .d1/.9 Gir. the road isnol praCticable; 116t.rln yJbrpa TItg. to sawlengthwi3t!; - yieg-pa is also used for: torend, to tear, to wnke 4 rent or Slil into adress etc. C., IV. - 2. to confess, tld(g-pa,71yi1-pa, It''il-ba to canfe:>!! a sin, aDd thusto expiate it, which two, according to theviews 0(:\ Boddhi>!t, nre olwn)">! Wlited, atleast as it regards lighter t.rnnsgrcssions.Hence 3dig-pa bAoflS frq. menns: the sin isMoned for, is blotted out, nnd rJeg-pa istile usuol word for 'to forgive'. Mlig-&ri.f;8atonement, expiation, wruf iJsdd-pai-tldifl·bidg...u as an atonement (or Im... iog killeda serpent Glr j 111(01- bidgt _ tdig - bfdg.,mftJl..6«d.gt-Ja la-fdg .bid-ba to olfer a lI:illedanimal (II. sheep) ns In atonement MiL;M1~o~n-lamGlr. peniteftlial prayer.

=if1=-<~y yIoli(s) \'. Ioli.

~.'f yiCd-po to oomb Cs.

~.:.r poR -po c..; - J.yh -pa to Ilut00 e).

Wrioh-"".~'f rWJ~po TI>fI!I.'" id",-pa.

~'::;'. por &I>.a bllSin or rescrvoir ofWaler,seems to be nOt much known; bot

in 7..am. yur-ba.i r~or is to be found.

w.'~' !?Jor-ba I....b, C. also yUr-Qa, pf.fut. b~ar, !Jior, J. to count. e.g.

Sheejl, by letting Ibem IIl\SS oue by oDethrough ooe'l; hand8, the beads of a rosary(throllgh one's fingeN), heace Cos - br)rxJ­biaJ'..~1i mali-po b!jM to reid pm}'e" etc.(d. sb,yari-ba, 3). - 2. to lMuure, bm bythe peck u.z.; 10 weith; rsir-lo. rd_ganrldr-ba 10 weigh oUL (to e.xchaoge) bl'Uil

t'nr gold. iJ. to hunt, to chase, = 26r-ba,

ri-dimax gaim- /,./.; nya-ysdr-ba to fish

Dzl. 4. Sch. to cut through (?).

1 1 adj., also yset'-ba, rough, bristly, shag-

gy, .s/.'/v/ , */>n St</.. <>(>|>.to QJam-po (>*v-//.

rough, gruff, rude?)

ysol plough Glr., foil, ton -ysol id.

The plough in India and Tibet con-

sists only of a crooked beam, ysol

- mda,

(without wheels) with the share (ysol-lcdgs,

ton-lcdgs) at the lower end; ysol-mdd Odzin-

pa to plough, lit. to take hold of the plough-

beam.

*

ysol-po poplar-tree C.

ysos-pa 1. yso-ba and bso-ba.

q,nn-bsa 1. in bgo-bsa portion, share, al-

lowance, ration Lex., evidently a se-

condary form of sas. 2. Dzl. w, 1 in-

undation, flood; swa, the reading of the ma-

nuscript ofKyelang, seems to be preferable.

bsd-ba, pf. bsas, to slaughter, to kill

(animals for food); in a story of

Glr. it follows the slaughtering and must

be understood to denote the cutting to pie-

ces of the killed animal; but our Lama pre-

ferred to read bsus-pa to skin.

bsd-ma v. ysd-ma.

bsdg-pa v. ysog-pa.

anr'n- bsdn-ba, Sch. also ysan-ba, alvine

discharges, bsdn-ba Jbyin-pa to

make open bowels, of food, medicines Med.;

bsah-dgdg constipation Med.; bsan-yci ex-

crements and urine, bsan-ycis sku-ba to

dirty therewith Dzl.; bsan-yci bsri-ba to

retain stool and urine Sch.; bsan-ldm the

anus Med.

bsdns-pa leaky, leaking, full of

crevices, *cu-zom nyi-ma-la bor-

na san dug* W. the water-pail will become

leaky, if it is left standing in the sun.

bsdd-pa (prob. pf. of Ocdd-pa q.v.)

1. to explain, expound; to declare,

pronounce, cos-bsdd-pa to explain religion,

to lecture on religious subjects to preach;

Oci-ba dan drar bsad he must be set down

for dead Wdh.; bu-mo nki/e-bar baud this

indicates that a girl \\ill !>< born Lt.; badd-

////,s//// ldi,-iio it is ineffable, unspeakable;

to say, Jbdb-par bsad they say it flows down

Wdn., fd-mar bsad he is said to be on the

lowest stage Thgy., nan-par bsad it is said

or declared to be bad, smdn-du bbad it is

mentioned as a medicine Wdit.; to tell, to re-

late, col. the usual word. 2. to comb. v.

sod-pa. bsad-grwa school-room, lecture-

room. *sad-d6n* W. the subject of a talk.

bsad-ydm a public lecture Sch. (?). bsad-16

byed-pa to make many words Mil.

]' bsdn-pa v sdn-pa.

"bsar, supine of bsd-ba.

bsdr-ba v ysor-ba.

m- bsdl-ba 1. to wash, to wash out or

off, to clean by washing, to rinse,

plates, dishes, etc. 2. lto-ba bsdl-ba to

purge the body, hence in gen. bsdl-ba to

suffer from diarrhoea, and W. col. *sal* diar-

rhoea, looseness, flux, *sal rag* 1 have d.,

*sal dug* he suffers from d., *sal yon* d. be-

gins; bsal-^dm a mild d., bsal- p'yes(?) a

violent flux Sch.; bsal-ndd indisposition

from d.; bsal-byed B., bsal-smdn B. and col.

laxative, aperient medicine.

J'^T bsds-pa v. bsd-ba.

bsig-pa v. Odzig-pa I.

'T bsib-pa v. ysib-pa.

*

bsu-ba v. su-ba.

r^' bsug-pa to sell Cs.

bsud-pa \. v. sud-pa.-- 2. Sch.:

to purify by fire, bsud-me purify-

ing fire (?)

bsub-pa to put into the scabbard,

to sheathe Sch.

l'q* bsiim-pa CJ^^'q* bser - ba v.

*

sum-pa etc.

* bseu (cf. bsa, swa) inundation, flood

Mil.

for gold. - :1. to hunt, to chase, - oldl'..lm,ri.d.rag3 gume Du.; n!Ja-y,dr-ba to fishD;:l. - -to &J.. to Cilt through (?).

l1. adj., nl$O 'fUr-bu, rough, bristly, shag­gy. 11.."'(1, 'I'" Stg., app. to Jam-po (&11..ruugh, gruff, rude?)m"f'V,.,r "ol plough GIl'" (0':', to,; - riol id.~f"'1- The plough in Iudil\ lind Tibet con­

sists only of a crooked bell.m. riol- MOO,(without whee-ls) with the share (r.roi·leuD'>to;,-1i:dg3) at the lower end; riol-maa oddn­]'(I to plough, lit. to take hold of the plough­benlD.

:rpf.-rtf rWl-po poplar-tree C.

~~:.r y';03-pa 1. yio-lxJ lIud b3o-ba.

.o..aQ; NO 1. in brfr-bila portion, share, al·•. I lowanee, ration !.-ioC., c\'idently Il. ~e­

eondnry form of ';a3. - 2. Dzl. 7\'::', I in­undation, jlood; .twa, the reading of the mn­nuscript ofl{yelang, seems to be preferable.

-==!+I~'.::r lnd-bo, pc. 6303, to slaughter, to kill(animals for food); in II story of

Gb·. it follows the slaughtering and mustbc understooll to deoote the cutting to pie­ces of tbe killed animal; Lut our Lamn pre­ferred to read bUa-pa t.o skin.

-G-09q,'~' wa-lIla v. "fi-ma.

.:::l-lfl·:r Uag-pa v. ridg.pa_

.q-lf:.q' Uo,i-ba, Seh. nlso ,ian-ba, 1Ilvinedischargcs, Ud,,-ba ob.'1in-pa to

makc open bo"'e\s, of food, medicines Med.;,uan..J{ldg constipation Med.; bia"-rH ex­crements and urine, Ual' - rCi3 ,kU-ba t.odirty therewith D::l.; Mati-rei lm-i_ba toretain stool l\.Dd urine Seh.; biOli-lfim theMUS MM..q.tF~..q' Udli3 - pa leaky, leaking, lull of

crevices, -cu-::dm nyi-ma-la Mr­no iati dug- IV. the wate.r-pnil will Lecolllcleaky, if it is left standing in the Ilun.

.:::f..9=i:~r bldd-pa (proL. pc. of ocdd-pa q. v.)I. to explain, expound; to declare,

J'ronounce, Cos-Mdd-pa to explain rcligiou,w lecture on religious subjects, to preach;li-ba dan odrar bAad he must be set dOIl'o

d

>61

for d(':lll IVd".; bu-me d:.'1i-1mr blOO tlLi.indicates tlmt a girl will be born Lt.; Mad­J!Jl' mi lJ,j-Jio it is ineffable, unspeakable;to say, owb-par Nad they 8"y it flo",!! downWd,i., fMIIUl' Uad he is said to be on thelowest stagc TI'gy., ,jon-par- !Had it is laidor declared to be bad, ,mdn..Ju blad it ismentioned as a. medicine IVdn.; to tell, to re­late, col. the usual word. - 2. to comb, v.ldd-pa. -- Uad-yl'/t'U school-room, lecture­room, - -'ad..Jdll- IV. the suhjecl of n talk.Uad-yula a. public Iccture &/1. (?). biad-Mb!JM-pa to mllkc many words AliI.

.q~.q' bidn-pa v Jtin-pa.

'f.!1'" !Mar, supine of bifi.·,f,a.

.q'ol1,,'.q bitir--ba v "d,..ba.

=!*lQ[.:r Udl-ba 1. to wash, to wash out oroff, to clean by washing, to rinse,

platC$, dishes, etc. - 2. ltd-ba bidL-ba topurge the body, hence in gen. bitil-ba tosuffer from dinrrhocll., and IV. col. -'al" diar­rhoea, looseness, flux, -ial "ag- 1 hnve d.,-Jal duff he suffers from d., -,al yo,i- d. be­gins; bioi-Jam a mild d., bial-op!ft3(?) a.violent flux &h.; bial-nod indispositionfrom d.; !Hal-byM n., bJal.,mdTl- l/. and col.laxative, aperient medicine.

.qol1~:r bim-pa v. bid-ba.~

~'.q' Mig-pa \'. o(lzig-pa I.

.qJl.:P:,J' bUb-pa \'. 'Ilib-po.

.q:j'.q' Uu-ba v. Au-ba.

~:fl"J' bii/g-pa to sell (;.

.q'!1.c;"J' blud-pa 1. \'. Iud-po. - 2. &/a.:~ to Ilurif)' by fire, Nljd-n~ purify-

ing fire (?).~',:::r bI"b-pa to put illto the seabLArd,~ to sheathe &/1.

~'=1' !Hilm-pa - .qJl.::;:.q bltl'- ba Y•~

~~'=1' Alim-po etc.

.q.ro.. weu ('d. Wa, ilt'a) inundation, flood'1;..; Mil,,

568

bses-pa

bses-pa, prop. pf. of ses-pa, to know

(a person orthing), to be acquaint-

ed, dan with Dzl; ynyen-bses a relation, rela-

tive, ynyen-bses-la pdn-ytogs-parsems-sot\iey

are intent on being of use to their relatives

Dzl.; ynyen and bses may also be separated:

tfyod- la ynyen med bses kyan med, Mil. ;

bses-ynyen on the other hand means : friend,

dge-bai bses-, nyen (Ssk. efi^nwf*^) friend

to virtue, spiritual adviser, opp. to mi-dgei

bses- nyen seducer, Glr. (cf. sdig-pai grogs-

po); dge-bses 1. dge-bai bses-ynyen. 2. =

dge-bsnyen lay-brother. rio-bse's v. rio-ses.

mdza-bses friend.

nlcf*n* bso-ba, pf. bsos, 1. also yso-ba, to

pour out Lex. 2. to lie with, to

have sexual intercourse with, = Jcrig-pa

byed-pa, e.g. : de dan bsos-pas bu skyes after

having slept with him, she bore him a son

Pth.-, to engender, to generate, to beget (v.a.),

pdg-rdzis bsos-pai bu the son begotten bythe swine-herd Pth., (bso-ba seems not to

be considered obscene).

^pl"CJ" bsog-pa v. ysog-pa.

njq'T bsod-pa bsdd-pa, *so'-ri* C. ru-

' '

mour, report, *sg-ri-la dhe-da zer

dug-te yi' mi ce* though it is rumoured I

cannot believe it C.

^-A^"^" bsor-ba v. ysor-ba.

q^^'Sf bsdr-po C., W. liberal, munificent,

Schr.: squanderer, spendthrift(?).

bsol-ba 1. to put off, postpone, defer,

delay, bod-la Ogro-ba the going to

Tibet Glr.; absolutely: bsol-ba bzan it is

good to wait; to prolong, eg. mi zig-gi

Ofso-ba the life of a person (by a reprieve)

Dzl., also to grant, to allow viz. a respite, a

reprieve, bddg-la zag bdun zig bsol-te grant-

ing me a respite of seven days Dzl.;to stop,

detain, e.g. the sun in his course Thgy., a

traveller wishing to set out Pth.;

to omit,

to neglect doing Mil. (nif.); pyi bsol-ba to

put off, postpone, pyi-bsol byed-pai gdh-zaga person that is always postponing his re-

ligious duties Mil.;

cos-la pyi-bsol byar mi

run Mil. there should be no putting off,

whenever religion is concerned; bsol Odebs-

pa and Otebs-pa= bsol-ba frq. ;

bsol ma febs

he could not be detained, kept back, diverted

from his purpose Pth.; relatives are called

bdud-kyi bsol- debs a hinderance on the wayof the believer, caused by the devil.

bsos resp. for zan or spays, food, vict-

uals, provisions of the table; bsos-la

ysegs-pa to go to dine, to go to dinner Dzl.;

dge- dun-la bsos ysol-ba to treat the priests

to a meal Dzl.\ now almost exclusively ap-

plied to food offered to the gods,=

Iha-bsos;

bsos-bu Mil. offering -morsels, e.g. small

pieces of butter offered to the gods or the

ghosts.

s-pa begotten, generated, v. bso-ba.

M sa 1. the letter S, the sharp English s,

in C. distinguished from z, (which is

sounded there also as sharp s) only by the

following vowel being high-toned. 2.

num.: 28.

^-sa 1. earth, as elementary substance, sa

cu me rlun earth, water, fire, air, the

four elements, sa nyun-zad cig a small quan-

tity of earth, opp. to : sa cen-poi sa the mass

of the whole earth Dzl.;rdzd-sa clay, ar-

gillaceous earth, *be-sa* W. sand and earth,

sda-sa flint and earth; also for ore, metal

(like rcfo), yser-sa gold-ore, dnul-sa silver-

ore 6s.; /cyim-sa sweepings, offscourings;

M8

.::J1i~.:r IM8-pa, prop. pf.of ill-pa, to know,. (' (3 pen;on ortbing), to be acquaint.

ed, Jail with Dd.; rnyen-Nla a retation, rela­tive, ynyen-Net-lajxin-rtog3-pal'U7mI-IJO theyare intent on being of use to their reillti"esDd.; myen nnd bBe3 may also be separated;~YJd-la myen med bBet Iqjaii med, Mil.;Uet·ynyen on the other hand menns: friend,dgi-bai bAe3-, u!J(:II (&1>. 4'i1WUf") friendto virtue, spiritual adviser, opp. to mi-dgrH.Net- Ryin seducer, Gir. (ef. adig_pai gl'ogt­po); dfJe-bACa l. - dge-bai Uea-yn!Jbl. 2. =d!Je-k1lyb/ lay-brother. - no·Uta v. no.Jh.- md::~bsn friend.~:r btd-bu, pf. bil)f, I. also rio-bu, to

pour out LeJ:. - 2. to lie with, toha\'e sexual in(Neollrse with, _ c/big-pabybi.po., e.g.: de Jan bi~WJ bu akyea afterha\'ing slept witb hiro, she bore hiro ll. SOli

11k; to engender, to generate, to beget (v.a.),pag.rd."'1't bio3-pai bu the son hegotten bythe swine-herd Pill., (bio-ba seems not tobe considered obscene).

.cUFJ..q. UdfJ-pa v. ridrrpa·

.q=tf~.'f bStJd-pa - hAl/d-pa, -ig'-n" C ru-mour, report, -i~ri-la dhe-t,/a ::fl'

dug-u yi' mi le- though it is rumoured Icnnnot believe it C..q:tfJ:,',q' bidr·ba v. por-lm,

q~:?f bidr.po C., w: liberal, munificent,Schr.: squanderer, sp('ndthrifL('?),

~ 30, J. the letter S, the sharp English f,

in C. distinguished from z, (which issounded there IIlso as sharp s) only by thefollo .....ing vo ..... el being high-toned. - 2.num.: 28.~. fa 1. earth, as elementllry suLstu.nce, $0,

i5u me rluii earth, ..... at.er, fire, air, the

~. 3(J

~':r Q8rJl,..lm 1. to put off, postpone, defer,-.; delay, lHJd·la Qyrd.f.Ja the going toTibet Glr.j absolutely: bidl-ba hzai" it isgood to wuit; - to prolang, e g. mi zig-fJicfw-ba the life of a person (by a reprieve)D::l., also to gran~ ta allow viz. a respite, areprieve, bdO.fJ-la tag bdun :iO bidi·te grant·inp; me a respit.e of se\'en days D;;/.; to slop,detain, e.g, the sun in his course Th!lY., 1\

traveller wishing to set out 1't/1.; to omit,to neglect doing: Mil. (ni f.); ftyi biOl-ba toput off, postpone, pyi.Udl u!Jed-pai yan-::uya person thnt is nlways postponing his re­ligious duties ,Mil.; W3-la pyi.bi6/, b.yar mil"Un Mil. there should be no putting off,.....henever religion is concerned; bioi cf.kb3­pa nnd culn-pa = biJol-ba frq.; bWl ma febt.he could not be detained, kellt back, di\'ertedfrom his purpose ptll.; rclati"es are calledbdud.kyi bsol-Qdibt 1\ hindemnce on the wayof the believer, caused by the devil.

.q~' bilQ3 reSII. for ::an or 3pQ{J3, food, viet,uals, provisions of the table; bil)f-la

yiJegs-pa to go to dint', to go to dinner Dzl.;dge--cdun-la bjO$ y30l-ba to trea~ the priests1O n meal D::I.; now almost exclusi\'ely ap­plied to food offered to the gods, - lha-bil)f;!M(J$-bu Mil. offering-morsels, e.g, smallpieces of butter offered to the gods or theghosts.

~~..q'Q8011-pabegolten, generated, v.bio..oa.

four elements, $0, nyun-zad Cig II small quan­tity of eartb, opp. w; 30, lin-poi to, the massof the whole earth Dzi.; rJzd-IJa clay, nr·gillaceous earth, -be-to,- 1V. sand-and earth,Adg.aa flint and earth; also for ore, metal(like rdo), rl!il'-3a gold-ore, dnul·fa silver­ore G&.; ~'!IilJ1.tu sweepings, offscourings;