thursday, october 2, 2014 take out: writing utensil notes homework: worksheet – suleyman coming up...
TRANSCRIPT
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Thursday, October 2, 2014
Take Out:
• Writing utensil• Notes
Homework: Worksheet – Suleyman
Coming Up – Quiz on Wednesday!
- Age of Exploration & Ottoman Empire info
Today
• Islam & Ottoman Empire
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Islam & the Ottoman Empire
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World Map - 1600
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Vocabulary
• Islam – the religion– literally, means submission or peace– Monotheistic religion
• Muslim – one who follows Islam• Allah – God
– Arabic word
• Qu’ran – Holy book– sometimes spelled in English as Koran – means
recitation
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Vocabulary
• Hadiths – the record of Mohammed’s sayings and deeds
• Shariah – Islamic Law – Muslims must follow (but in reality only a small
percentage of Muslims practice complete Shariah)
• Caliph – successor• Pillar – belief
– There are five pillars of Islam
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What is Islam?
• Monotheistic religion (one god)
• Hundreds of years old• Islam is practiced by 1/5
of the world’s population
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What is Islam?
• What do Muslims believe?– Peace, mercy, forgiveness– One, Unique, Incomparable God– God’s complete authority over human destiny
and in life after death– Prophet Muhammad and angel Gabriel
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Who Was Muhammad?• Born in 570
• First supernatural visit in 575
• Known for his truthfulness, generosity and sincerity– sought after to arbitrate disputes
• Calm and meditative
• Was content with his ordinary life, but that all changed one day…
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Muhammad
• Gabriel, an angel, began speaking to Muhammad in a cave at the Mountain of Light
• Gabriel’s Revelation lasted for 23 years
• This is known as the Quran
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Muhammad
• Muhammad began preaching in public to strangers in the streets in 613– Makkahn authorities saw this as a threat– Muhammad had to hide in his uncle’s castle
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Muhammad• Muhammad escaped to Medina (“City of
the Prophet”) to avoid persecution– Called the Hijra
• Occurred in 622, which marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar
• 2014 = 1435–1436 AH
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Muhammad
• Muhammad died in 632
• Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s best friend, became the first caliph
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Message of Islam
• Five pillars of Islam:– Faith– Prayer– Fasting
• (month of Ramadan)
– Charity– Pilgrimage
• (Hajj – annual pilgrimage to Mecca)
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Message of Islam
• Monotheism
• Allah (Arabic name for God)
• Qu’ran
• People are responsible for their actions
• Recognize no official priests
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Ottoman Empire
• By 1300 a small Turkish state grew powerful– Became an
immense empire stretching across three continents
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Ottoman Empire• First leader: Osman
– Westerners called him Othman– Called his followers Ottomans– Empire became known as Ottoman Empire
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Ottoman Empire
• Second leader: Osman’s son Orkhan– Declared himself sultan – “one with power”– Expanded empire
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Ottoman Empire• Kept expanding under Orkhan’s sons
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Ottoman Empire
• 1512, Ottoman Empire includes Islam’s holy cities– Mecca– Medina– Cairo (intellectual center of Muslim world)
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Ottoman Empire
• Ottoman Empire – peak size and grandeur under Suleyman the Lawgiver– 1520-1566
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Ottoman Empire - decline
• After? Slow decline due to incompetent leaders
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Essential Question
What is Islam?
How did the Islamic Empire expand?
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Expansion of the Islamic Empire