three ways of turning waste into energy -...

Three ways of turning

waste into energy

Biomass – refuse derived fuel (RDF) – solid waste

Photothèque VEOLIA

Matthias Vogel

Director Waste Business Line in Central and Eastern Europe

Bukarest, 16th March, 2017

A. Some facts about Veolia

B. Turning biowaste into energy

C. Turning refuse derived fuel (RDF) into energy

D. Turning solid waste into energy

E. Conclusion

Contents

2

A.

Some facts about Veolia

OUR EXPERIENCE:

160 YEARS OF INDUSTRIAL HISTORY

Three ways of turning waste into energy 4

1853 FOUNDING of Compagnie

Générale des Eaux

1853 – 1900

Drinking water is delivered

to cities to meet the

challenge of urbanization.

1900 – 1939

Wastewater services,

waste treatment and

access to energy

expand on a large scale.

1945 – 1992

Environmental services

provide support for

reconstruction and the

industrial growth.

1992 – 2013

A concern for sustainable

development gradually

emerges as a global

priority.

2014 - …

In the face of growing

scarcity, resource

management must be

reinvented to create a new

economic and social

dynamic.

2003 THE GROUP is renamed

Veolia

Environnement

2014 THE NEW

VEOLIA Resourcing the world

OUR ACTIVITIES

94 M PEOPLE supplied with drinking water

54 M MWh produced

51 M PEOPLE provided with collection services on behalf of local communities

38 M TONS OF WASTE transformed into matter and energy

570,000 CORPORATE CUSTOMERS (not including industrial maintenance)

4,532 drinking water production PLANTS managed

3,442 wastewater treatment PLANTS managed

2.4 M collective HOUSING served

2,000 industrial SITES managed

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

AND CUSTOMER

COMPETITIVENESS

450 urban and local heating and cooling NETWORKS

62 M PEOPLE connected to wastewater collection system

5

B.

Turning biowaste into energy

Turning biowaste into energy: basics

7

Input - Source/Material:

Clean biowaste, separately collected from

households

Food waste, separately collected from

restaurants, hospitals, schools etc.

Treatment technology:

Pre-treatment (separation of other

materials like plastics, wood etc.)

Fermentation in boxes/tunnels (dry vs.

wet fermentation) with production of

biogas

Biogas turned into electricity and heat in

connected CHP

Output:

Compost fertilizer for agriculture

Heat and electricity (for internal or

external usage)

Three ways of turning waste into energy

Turning biowaste into energy: BMA Essenheim (GER)

8

Fermentation of 48,000 tpa of municipal

green and biowaste at Biomasseanlage

Essenheim (near Mainz, South-West of

Germany)

Three ways of turning waste into energy

• Approved tt: 48.000 Mg/a

• Capacity fermentation: ca. 41.000 Mg/a

• Temperature fermentation:

ca. 54 °C (thermophil)

• Maximum volume of fermentation tunnels:

ca. 563 m³ (per tunnel)

• Duration fermentation process: 21 days

• Gas quality: ca. 55% Methane

• Remaining percolate:

almost without waste water

• Duration composting process:

ca. 28 days, 12 tunnels

• Maturity degree of the compost

(Rottegrad): IV – V

• Water content of the final

treatment: ≤ 40%

Turning biowaste into energy: BMA Essenheim (GER)

9 Three ways of turning waste into energy

Turning biowaste into energy: framework / criteria

10 Three ways of turning waste into energy

Potentially a good solution for Romania in mid-term or rather not….?

C.

Turning refuse derived

fuel (RDF) into energy

Turning RDF into energy - basics



Mixed solid dry waste from households

and commercial clients


Separation of dry waste from biowaste

(e.g. in mechanical biological treatment

plants / on landfills)

Further shredding and (automatic) sorting

process [material specifications of RDF –

see next page]

Output and usage:

Refuse derived fuel in different qualities

and with different calorific values

To be used as fuel in cement industry, co-

incineration and classical incineration

(different incineration technologies)

Turning RDF into energy – different qualities


Different qualities of RDF can be produced according to the specifications of the clients

Turning RDF into energy – supply scheme GER


A solution for Romania – why not?

• A lot of landfills for waste still in usage: MBTs (mechanical-biological

treatment plants for waste) to be constructed…

• Capacities for incineration available: co-incineration in power plants as well

as usage in cement industry…

• RDF can (partially) replace coal and/or gas… a question of the price…

D.

Turning solid waste into energy

Turning solid waste into energy - basics


Photo

thèque V

EO

LIA


Commercial waste and dry household

waste


Pre-separation of very bulky or non-

specific materials

Waste incineration with different

technologies (fixed grate, moving grate,

fluidized bed, rotary kiln)

Output and usage:

Depending on the technology -

Heat and/or electricity

Fly ash (hazardous waste from filters)

and bottom ash, metals

Veolia is not bind to one technology neither to

one supplier and can choose technical answers

among a big variety of processes and suppliers

17

Tunring solid waste into energy - technology


Huge experience in waste-to-energy

world-wide

63 facilities (ERF) for municipal

solid waste in operation in 2016,

including 4 facilities with Veolia

contract ownership < 50%

1 facilitiy for sludge

MSW incineration capacity = 10.7 Mt/y

Turning solid waste into energy – Veolia’s know-how


Photo

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EO

LIA

ERF in Lille (France)

O&M (operation & maintenance) + SC (service concession) contracts

Long-term operation (10/30 years) of Energy Recovery Facilities built by local

Authorities

With specifics guarantees (saturation of the plant with C&I waste, energy

revenues,…) for service concession (SC)

BOT/PPP + BOO contracts

Concerning ERF projects, Veolia is able to provide: o Conception,

o Construction,

o Financing,

o Operation,

o Transfer at the end of the contract.

Turning solid waste into energy – contract types


A „classical“ waste-to-energy (waste incineration) facility might be a

solution for larger agglomerations in Romania…

Lille-Halluin (France)

1st Veolia French facility by annual

waste throughput

Commissioning: 2002

Waste tonnage: 339,830 tons/year

NCV 8,971 kJ/kg in 2015

Nb lines: 3 x 14.5 tons/hour

Design waste NCV: 9,200 kJ/kg

Contract: O&M

Electrical production (Gross): 32 MW

Turning solid waste into energy: Veolia’s references


Photo

thèque V

EO

LIA

Staffordshire (UK)

1st Veolia by electrical efficiency

Commissioning: 2014


NCV 9,100 kJ/kg in 2015

Nb lines: 2 x 20 tons/hour

Design waste NCV: 9,200 kJ/kg

Contract: BOT

Electrical production per ton of waste

(Net): 614 kWh/ton

Efficiency: electric (net) / NCV =

24.50 %



Photo

thèque V

EO

LIA

PUXI Shangai (China)

A nice reference in China

Commissioning: 2004


NCV 7,103 kJ/kg in 2015

Lines: 3 x 20,8 tons/hour at 9,209 kJ/kg

Contract: O&M

Investment: 160,000 kRMB

Electrical production per ton of waste

(Net): 359 kWh/ton

Efficiency: electric (net) / NCV =

18.20 %



Photo

thèque V

EO

LIA

E.

Conclusion

Three ways of turning solid waste into energy


Turning waste into energy – solutions for usage of different types of waste for energy production:

environmentally friendly, efficient and flexible according to legislation, market situation and financial

affordability…

Biowaste into energy:

• Basis: well organised separate collection of biowaste from households and/or food waste

• Fermentation plants with capacities from 15,000 – 80,000 tpa possible

• Green tariff for electricity available?

• Price indication GER (incl. energy revenues): (-)60-90 € to be paid per treated ton of biowaste to

the fermentation plant

Refuse derived fuel (RDF) into energy:

• Basis: pre-sorted dry solid waste from households and commercial clients

• Mechanical-biological waste tretament plants, e.g. on landfills

• Capacities for co-incineration in existing power plants, cement industry

• Price indication GER: (-)40-50 € to be paid to co-incineration/power plants per ton of low quality

RDF vs. (+)10-15 € to be paid by cement industry to the producer for high quality/high caloric RDF

Mixed solid waste into energy:

• Basis: Mixed dry solid waste from households and commercial clients

• Waste-to-energy plant located in large agglomerations (huge quantity of waste input has to be

secured)

• Price indication GER: (-)75-150 € to be paid to incineration plant per to. of waste

Three ways of turning solid waste into energy


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