thraustochytrids (cont'd)
TRANSCRIPT
Potentials of Marine Fungal-like Protists in
Production of Fatty Acids
Guangyi Wang
Prof. & Director Center for Marine Ecology
School of Environmental Science & Engineering
Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
2014 Bio Pacific Rim Summit, December 7-9, San Diego, USA
Marine Thraustochytrids heterotrophic, unicellular, marine (fungal-
like) protists;
play active role in decomposing detritus
matters by produce diverse hydrolytic
enzymes;
Producing diverse hydrolytic enzymes
and fatty acids.
Marine Labyrinthulomycetes
Photomicrograph of an acriflavine-
stained thraustochytrid cell
(marked by arrow) from a natural
sample on a black filter
membrane (Demare, 2008)
10 µm
Labyrinthulomycetes
(mainly marine)
Labyrinthulids
Thraustochytrids
20.6x10-12 g carbon/cell
3.02x10-15 g carbon/cell (Bac)
Biomass of thraustochytrids in marine
habitats
Raghukumar, 2002
2.6 µg C/ml
27 µg C/ml
=682aplanochytrids
Thraustochytrids Abundance
No. of cells (per litre) Habitat Reference
56 X103 Coastal Oceanic waters off Japan Naganuma et al. (1998)
50 X103 Coastal Oceanic waters off Japan Kimura et al. (1999)
21.4 X103 Coastal Oceanic waters off Japan Kimura et al. (2001)
130 X103 Arabian Sea Raghukumar et al. (2001)
42.3 X103 Sandy shores of Mediterranean Sea Bongiorni et al. (2004)
230 X103 Greenland and Norwegian Seas Naganuma et al. (2006)
674 X103 Equatorial Indian Ocean Damare and Raghukumar (2008)
630X103 North Pacific subtropical Ocean off Hawaii Li et al. (2013)
320 X103 Coastal Oceanic waters of Pearl River Delta Liu et al. (2014a)
Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
CTD stations in the equatorial Indian Ocean
during the cruise of ORV Sagar Kanya.
October 2004
Abundance in the equatorial
Indian Ocean
CTD stations in the equatorial Indian Ocean
during the cruise of ORV Sagar Kanya.
October 2004
16.1 µg C/L15.8 µg C/L
94.4 % of
Thr+Bac
Damare & Raghukumar, 2008
Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
September 2006
September 2003
October 2004
Relationship between
thraustochytrids and bacteria
varied with sampling time.
Biotic and abiotic factors, which
affect the abundance of
thraustrochytrids, remain unknow.
Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
Vertical distribution of thraustochytrids
in Hawaiian waters (Li et al, 2013)
Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
(Li et al, 2013)
Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
Living styles Low diversity(Li et al, 2013)
Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
1
PKU#Sed1 (JX847370)
PKU#SW7 (JX847377)
Aurantiochytrium limacinum (JN986842.1)
Aurantiochytrium sp. (FJ821477.1)
Aurantiochytrium sp. (FJ821476.1)
Thraustochytriidae sp.(AY705781.1)
PKU#SW8 (JX847378)
PKU#Mn15 (JX847367)
PKU#Mn35 (JX847369)
Schizochytrium limacinum (HM042908.2)
PKU#Mn4 (JX847360)
Schizochytrium limacinum (HM042912.2)
Schizochytrium limacinum (HM042906.2)
Schizochytrium sp. (DQ023620.1)
Schizochytrium sp. (DQ023618.1)
Schizochytrium limacinum (HM042914.2)
Schizochytrium sp. (FJ039523.1)
Schizochytrium limacinum (HM042913.2)
Aurantiochytrium sp. (FJ821478.1)
Aurantiochytrium sp. (HM126528.1)
PKU#Mn11 (JX847366)
Aurantiochytrium sp. (AB362211.1)
Aurantiochytrium sp. (JQ898299.1)
Thraustochytriidae sp. (AY705763.1)
Thraustochytriidae sp. (AY705780.1)
PKU#Mn16 (JX847368)
PKU#SW1 (JX847371)
Thraustochytrium sp. (FJ821487.1)
Thraustochytrium sp. (FJ821482.1)
PKU#SW2 (JX847372)
Thraustochytrium sp. (AY773276.1)
Labyrinthula sp. (FR875360.2)
Aplanochytrium sp. (FJ810216.1)
82
50 54
53
92
83
60
54
75
100
100
100
0.005
Dynamics and phylogenetic phylogenetic analysis of thraustochytrid
isolates from China coastal waters.
Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
11%
52% 57%
Thraustochytrid frequency and biomass
with respect to bacterial biomass during
three cruises (Damare 2008).
We are likely ignoring
more than half of
secondary production in
the oceans!!!!
Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
0 1 2 3 4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
CM
Cas
e ac
tivit
y (
μm
ol
ml-1
min
-1)
Time (Day)
PKU#Mn4
PKU#Sed1
PKU#SW1
PKU#SW2
0 1 2 3 4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
lipas
e ac
tivit
y (
U m
l-1)
Time (Day)
Tween 20
Tween 80
Triton X-100
Nonidet P-40
Na deoxycholate
0 1 2 3 4 5
0
2
4
6
8
0
50
100
150
200
250
OD
660
Time (Day)
OD660
PKU#Mn4 PKU#Sed1
PKU#SW1 PKU#SW2
EPS
PKU#Mn4 PKU#Sed1
PKU#SW1 PKU#SW2
EP
S (
μg/m
l)
Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
Fatty acid profile
Nile red staining
Liu et al, 2013
palmitic acid (16:0)
myristic acid (14:0)pentadecyclic acid (15:0)
palmitoleic acid (16:1),
Oleic acid (18:1)
stearic acid (18:0)
DHA (22:6 ω-3).
Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
The biomass accumulation (represented by lines) and total fatty acid content of dry cell weight (represented by bars) of Aurantiochytrium sp. SW7 and Thraustochytriidae sp. Mn16 in the presence of varying temperature (a), initial pH (b), salinity (c), and glucose concentration (d). (Liu et al. 2014)
Thraustochytrids (cont’d)
DHAyield (represented by lines) and DHA content in TFA (represented by
bars) of Aurantiochytrium sp. PKU#SW7 and Thraustochytriidae sp.
PKU#Mn16 in the presence of varying temperature (a), initial pH (b),
salinity (c), and glucose concentration (d) (Liu et al).
Summary on Thraustochytrids
1. Significant role in ocean carbon cycling and seconday
production (frequency and biomass), but with low
diversity;
2. Rich in fatty acids and potential application in DHA
and biodiesel production.
Acknowledgements
Reform and Development Commission of Shenzhen
Municipal Government (China);
Natural National Science Foundation of China;
Hawaii Marine Renewable Energy Test Center-USDOE;
Designated Marine Industrial R&D Program of State
Oceanic Administration (China).
Thank You!