Thoughts from the Thousand-Year Capital of Kyoto on a Future Sustainable Thousand Years

Mayor of Kyoto City

Daisaku Kadokawa

© Central Japan Railway Company

Let’s go to Kyoto Kyoto Academia Forum in Marunouchi

Religion

Creation of culture

From the classics to

manga and modern art

Self-governance

Education

Nature Human rights

Multiculturalism

Universities/ Students

10% of the population are students

University consortium: 49 universities

Kyoto, a rare city that passes on its traditions and has developed over 1,000 years without interruption to its urban function and culture

This “innovation” and “integration”

“Community development" via the integration of "universities", "industries," "culture and art", "religion", and “community”, enables the city to

continue, create, and develop for over a thousand years in harmony with nature.

Environment (Kyoto Protocol)

International Declaration of Kyoto

as a City Open to the Free Exchange

of World Cultures

× Manufacturing Spiritual culture

People’s happiness requires social peace and development

Mutually stimulate and enhance to pass on and create “sensibility”, “master craftsmanship”, and “wisdom”

「Development of human resources」

Food Culture

Welfare Medical care

Landscape

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Any city is in need of some ideal.

Kyoto is an ancient city which has preserved old cultural heritages and scenic natural beauty for over one thousand years. We cannot, however, merely take pride in past glories, nor live isolated. We must communicate widely with the world, and through international exchanges Kyoto must be always renewed culturally and continue to create her own unique culture.

It is our hope, therefore, to make Kyoto a center of international cultural exchange.

A free city for international cultural exchange is one where peoples of any country may assemble freely and in peace, regardless of race, creed or social system, for the purpose of cultural exchange...we, the citizens of Kyoto, would like calmly to make this resolution and pledge our efforts towards what we can do for the realization of this ideal.

Declaration of Kyoto as a City Open to the Free Exchange of World Cultures (1978)

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Special Skills ~Japan’s special skills passed on to Kyoto~

Good judge

Endeavor

Sharp eyes for accurate evaluation

Master craftsmanship

Excellence

Mastery of craft

Sharpening everything to the utmost limit

Endeavouring, progressive spirit

Frugality

Hospitality Warm heart welcoming visitors

Prevention of waste (mottainai)

Grand Vision of Kyoto indicating the ideal vision for the city in the 21st century

Master Concept of Kyoto City (2001～2025)

Chapter 1: “Citizens’ way of life”

Value people and nature (co-existence) 4

History of Global Warming Countermeasures in Kyoto City for the Past 20 Years Since the Adoption of the Kyoto Protocol ~Aiming at the "Simultaneous Solution of Issues" with the "Integration of Policies")

1997 ➣

2010 ➣

2004 ➣

Organization of COP3, adoption of Kyoto Protocol

Establishment of Japan's first ordinance with specialized global warming countermeasures

Reduction target: 10% reduction from 1990 levels by FY 2010

Full revision of ordinance

Reduction targets: 25% reduction from 1990 levels by FY 2020 and 40% reduction by FY 2030

Formulation of "Strategies to Promote Energy Policies"

Selected as one of the Rockefeller Foundation's "100 Resilient Cities" (Improvement of adaptation measures for the effects of climate change)

2013 ➣

2016 ➣

Energy targets (by FY 2020 from FY 2010 levels) Energy consumption: Reduce by 15% or more Introduction of renewable energy: Triple or higher

2017 ➣ Revision of Global Warming Countermeasures Plan (Includes “Road to Project 0”, a strategy with a focus on the long-term future)

2009 ➣ Selected by the national government as an eco-model city

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2015 ➣ Establishment and enforcement of "Shimatsu-no-Kokoro Ordinance," which aims to reduce waste by half Organization of COP 23, adoption of Paris Agreement

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

(TJ)

0 ≈

26% reduction

Energy Conservation with Residents & Businesses United Energy consumption in FY 2015 (Kyoto City area) decreased by 26% from its peak

Greenhouse gas emissions (Kyoto City area)

Change to power structure after the Great East Japan Earthquake

CO2 emission coefficient of electricity: FY 2010 0.316 ➡ FY 2015 0.498 (About 60% increase) (Unit: kg-CO2/kWh)

Compared to 1990 By FY 2010: 15% reduction Target achieved!

By FY 2015: 3.2% reduction (3.9% increase for all of Japan in FY 2015)

Peak

(FY 1997)

6

82

65

50 41.7 39

0

20

40

60

80

2000 2006 2010 2016 2020

Volume of waste almost halved since peak! (49% reduction)

To less than half!

❖ Significant reduction in waste treatment/disposal costs: Reduced by JPY 15.4 billion

FY 2002 (peak): JPY 36.7 billion ➡ FY 2016: FY 21.3 billion

Peak

Target

(10,000 t) ・Promotion of "Eco-school districts" to become involved in

community-wide ecological activities ・ "Biodiesel Fuel Project" through the collection of "used

tempura oil," making full use of civic and regional power

Reduce Waste by Half Together with Residents!

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Further Reduce Food Loss! To Half! ❖ Food loss (untouched food and leftover food) estimated from a waste

composition survey was 96,000 tons at the peak of 2000.

❖ We set numerical targets for the first time in the country to reduce food loss

to 50,000 tons by 2020 (half from peak).

50,000 tons

Halve

96,000 t 65,000 t

FY 2000 FY 2015 FY 2020

<Target>

❖ This fiscal year, we are carrying out studies and social experiments aimed at reviewing sales and business practices with little food loss as the first initiative in Japan.

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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

1994 2016

Switch from Car-Centric Society to a Society Prioritizing People and Public Transport

Walking City, Kyoto

Percentage of people visiting Kyoto by private car

４１.７％

９.３％

28.3%

21.8% 21.8%

27.8%

15%

20%

25%

30%

自動車 鉄道・バス

2000 2016

Share ratio of transportation

Establishment of "Walking City, Kyoto" Charter (January 2010) Development of comprehensive "Walking City, Kyoto" transportation strategy with 94 policies! ・Attractive city development with people in

leading roles ・Improved convenience of public transport

Railway, bus Automobiles

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From 1980 for the past 37 years, a detailed waste composition survey has been carried out in collaboration with Kyoto University ➡ The outcome will be policies that will become a model for the entire country.

Strategy focused on the long-term future outlined in the Kyoto City Global Warming Countermeasures Plan (revised in March of this year)

Road to Project 0

I Measures implemented steadily to achieve reduction targets

Today

Long-term future

II Measures focused on the medium-term future

III Measures focused on the long-term future

Paris Agreement target

Anthropogenic emissions Net zero

Human resources development

Transformation of lifestyles and social mechanisms

Innovation

★

★

★

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Pass on and create sensibility, master craftsmanship, and wisdom for people

Development of human resources Integrated with universities, industries, culture, art, religion,

and communities

Innovation

Manufacturing Spiritual Culture

Kyoto ware Kiyomizu-

ware

Buddhist objects

Shrine objects

Traditional architecture

Dyed textiles

Sake

Ceramics

Precision machinery

Medical equipment

Capacitor, etc.

Semiconductor manufacturing

equipment

Drug development Biomedicine

iPS

Co

nte

nt in

du

stries

Ad

vance

d in

du

stries

Innovation Textiles

Man

ufactu

ring

74

de

signated

traditio

nal

ind

ustries in

Kyoto

City

Movies, manga, anime, games,

performing arts, etc.

Forest industry

Cu

lture

Ikebana

Tea ceremony

Incense ceremony

Kyo-cuisine

Festivals

Noh, Kyogen Kabuki, dance

Life aesthetics Lifestyle philosophy

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Machiya townhouses

Kyo-vegetables

★ Succeeded in the mass production of a SiC (silicon carbide) semiconductor power device with significant energy-saving effects and is aiming at social implementation

Gathering of leading universities and research institutes in the

country at the forefront of research

Create Innovation by Collecting the Wisdom of Industry, Academia, and Government

Gathering of companies from a wide-range of industries,

from traditional to advanced technologies

❖ Manufacturing base with highly-

convenient transport access

❖ Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto (ACT Kyoto)

Rakunan Shinto ❖ Japan's first research part

operated by the private sector

❖ Concentration of a number of industrial support organizations, including over 400 venture companies and SMEs, Advanced Science, Technology & Management Research Institute of Kyoto, and Kyoto Municipal Institute of Industrial Technology and Culture

Kyoto Research Park ❖New industry creation base

through industry-academia-government cooperation, located adjacent to the Kyoto University Katsura campus

❖Advanced light processing project ("Ring of Knowledge" joint research center for industries, academia, and the government in Kyoto)

Katsura Innovation Park

★ Development of diverse applications for new plant-derived material, CNF (cellulose nanofiber) (strength 5 times or more that of iron, weight is about one-fifth that of iron) Improve fuel efficiency by reducing weight of automobile bodies ➡ Reduce CO2 13

Examples

December 1997

COP3 <Kyoto Protocol> ・ Developed countries set reduction targets and mandate

the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (Japan’s target is a 6% reduction from 1990 levels)

・ Developing countries have no obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

・ Achievement of targets through the economic approach of the “Kyoto Mechanism”(Emissions trading, Clean Development Mechanism, etc.)

December 2015

COP21

Kyoto Conference on the Global Environment 2017 (Kyoto+20)

<Paris Agreement> ・ Keep global average temperature rise well below 2

degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to maintain temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

・ Peak out greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible and balance anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and absorption in the second half of the century.

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Significant Advance from the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement

Accelerated concentration of the population in cities (today: 50% ⇒ 2050: 70%) → Environmental impacts in urban areas are also growing and urban action is

becoming more important → It is important to promote intercity collaboration and share lessons and

success stories to solve problems

◆ ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability

・ Served as the Chair of the East Asia Regional Executive Committee (May 2012 to present)

◆ Cooperation with Iskandar Development Region, Malaysia on environmental education

◆ Cooperation with Vientiane, Laos on reducing waste

◆ Cooperation with Xi’an, China on improvement of the water environment and air quality

◆ Cooperation with Varanasi, India on environmental education

◆ Council of Designated Cities on Natural Energy

・ Chair (July 2011 to present)

Case Examples in Kyoto City

Roles of Cities and Importance of Intercity Linkages

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DO YOU KYOTO？ A re y o u d o i n g s o m e t h i n g g o o d fo r t h e

e nv i ro n m e n t ?