thomas j kelly - iir · 2005-11-10 · 3. develop a ph diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:1
Thomas J KellySr. Engineering
Instructor
Carrier Corporation
August 20, 2003
Fundamentals of Refrigeration
![Page 2: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:2
SESSION OBJECTIVES
At the conclusion of this session you should be able to:1. Describe the basics principles of refrigeration systems
operation 2. Understand 10 common refrigeration terms3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in
high temperature,medium temperature, low temperature and multi-stage refrigeration systems
5. Identify and place common system elements and components in the refrigeration system and understand their function in system operation
6. Understand basic system layouts associated with commercial store refrigeration
![Page 3: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:3
COMFORT VS. PROCESSThe mechanical refrigeration process is used for two major types of market
ComfortCools and dehumidifies people
ProcessControls temperature and humidity for things
The basic process is the same
![Page 4: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:4
THE REFRIGERATION MARKET CHAINFood products depend on refrigeration for processing, storage and delivery - At the point of harvest
- Warehousing
- Delivery to the market
- Market display and sale
- Consumer storage
![Page 5: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:5
Sub-coolingSuperheat
Refrigeration Effect
Enthalpy
Vapor Quality
Flash Gas
What is he talking about ?
High Side / Low Side
Saturated Suction
Heat of CompressionHeat of Rejection
PH diagram
Latent Heat
Expansion DeviceRefrigeration Effect
Sensible Heat
Throttling Range
REFRIGERATION TERMS
![Page 6: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:6
BASIC SYSTEM COMPONENTSEvery system has 4 basic components
Evaporator
Absorbs the heat from the air or load
Air in: 80F DB / 67F WB
Air out: 59.7F DB / 57.3F WB
EVAPORATOR
59 F
78 PSI
47 F
78 PSI
ColdMixture
ColdVapor
![Page 7: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:7
BASIC SYSTEM COMPONENTSEvery system has 4 basic components
Evaporator
Compressor
Raises the pressure from the evaporator pressure to the condensing temperature
Air in: 80F DB / 67F WB
Air out: 59.7F DB / 57.3F WB
EVAPORATOR
59 F
78 PSI
47 F
78 PSI
COMPRESSOR
220 F
175PSI
ColdVapor
HotVapor
![Page 8: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:8
BASIC SYSTEM COMPONENTSEvery system has 4 basic components
Evaporator
Compressor
Condenser
Rejects the heat from the load and system losses
Air in: 80F DB / 67F WB
Air out: 59.7F DB / 57.3F WB
EVAPORATOR
59 F
78 PSI
47 F
78 PSI
CONDENSER
Air in: 95F DB
Air out: 95F DB
COMPRESSOR
220 F
175PSI
110 F
175PSI
HotLiquid
Hot Vapor
![Page 9: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:9
BASIC SYSTEM COMPONENTSEvery system has 4 basic components
Evaporator
Compressor
Condenser
Metering deviceRegulates the flow and decreases the pressure from condensing pressure to evaporator pressure
METERING DEVICE
Air in: 80F DB / 67F WB
Air out: 59.7F DB / 57.3F WB
EVAPORATOR
59 F
78 PSI
47 F
78 PSI
CONDENSER
Air in: 95F DB
Air out: 95F DB
COMPRESSOR
220 F
175PSI
110 F
175PSI
Cold Mixture
HotLiquid
![Page 10: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:10
BASIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS
High Side
Compressor discharge to Metering device
Low Side
Metering device to Compressor suction
METERING DEVICE
EVAPORATOR
CONDENSER
COMPRESSOR
High Side
Low Side
![Page 11: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:11
4 LAW OF SYSTEM OPERATION1. Heat only moves from higher
temperature to a lower temperature
212º
70º
FLOW
70º 70ºNO FLOW
70º
32º
FLOW
![Page 12: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:12
4 LAW OF SYSTEM OPERATION1. Heat only moves from higher
temperature to a lower temperature
2. Energy required to change of states of matter is large
1 BTU / LB
70 º F
71 º F
Sensible Heat
![Page 13: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:13
4 LAW OF SYSTEM OPERATION1. Heat only moves from higher
temperature to a lower temperature
2. Energy required to change of states of matter is large
970 BTU / LB
SATURATEDVAPOR212ºF
212 º F
Latent Heat
![Page 14: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:14
4 LAW OF SYSTEM OPERATION1. Heat only moves from higher
temperature to a lower temperature
2. Energy required to change of states of matter is large
3. The temperature and energy required to change state are a function of pressure
190º F
5 PSI
9 PSIA
230º F
![Page 15: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:15
4 LAW OF SYSTEM OPERATION1. Heat only moves from higher
temperature to a lower temperature
2. Energy required to change of states of matter is large
3. The temperature and energy required to change state are a function of pressure
4. Fluid flow only occurs if a pressure difference exists
5 PSI
0 PSI
![Page 16: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:16
TEMPERATURE – ENTHALPY PLOTR 718 ( Water) as an example
TEM
PER
ATU
RE
ºF
Enthalpy is the total heat content
Enthalpy = Sensible + Latent
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
32
212
256
0
![Page 17: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:17
TEMPERATURE – ENTHALPY PLOTR 718 ( Water) as an example 1 pound at standard barometric pressure
TEM
PER
ATU
RE
ºF
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
32
0Sub-cooled Solid
16
ICE
160
Latent heat of Fusion
212
LIQUID
144 Btu/lb
![Page 18: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:18
TEMPERATURE – ENTHALPY PLOTR 718 ( Water) as an example 1 pound at standard barometric pressure
TEM
PER
ATU
RE
ºF
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
32
016
ICE
160
Latent heat of
Vaporization
Condensation
212
256
LIQUID
VAPO
R
340 1310 1320
1 Btu/lb 970 Btu/lb 0.45 Btu/lb
Sub-cooled Liquid
Superheated Vapor
![Page 19: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:19
TEMPERATURE – ENTHALPY PLOTR 718 ( Water) as an example 1 pound at standard barometric pressure
TEM
PER
ATU
RE
ºF
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
32
016
ICE
160
212
256
LIQUID
VAPO
R
340 1310 1320
1 Btu/lb 970 Btu/lb 0.45 Btu/lb
Sub-cooled Liquid
Superheated Vapor
100% Saturated
Liquid
100% Saturated
Liquid
![Page 20: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:20
P H DIAGRAMPlots enthalpy vs. pressure
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
P10
Saturated Liquid
Saturated Vapor
Critical Point
![Page 21: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:21
P H DIAGRAMTake note the lines become closer at higher pressure – less latent capacity
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
P1
P2
14.7
P4
P5
P6
P7
P9
P10 Critical Point
422
775 Btu/lb
970 Btu/lbSaturated
LiquidSaturated
Vapor
![Page 22: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:22
P H DIAGRAMVapor Quality is percentage of the mixture
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P9
P10
Sub-cooled Liquid
Superheated Vapor
Critical Point
P8 20
Vapor Quality
40 60 80
![Page 23: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:23
P H DIAGRAMRefrigerant Blends
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P9
P10
Sub-cooled Liquid
Superheated Vapor
Critical Point
P8
Vapor Quality
Blends
Bubb
le P
oint
Dew
Poi
nt
![Page 24: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:24
P H DIAGRAMTemperature Lines
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
P1
14.7
P10
212 ºF
450 ºF422
TEMPERATURE
![Page 25: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:25
P H DIAGRAMEntropy Lines
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
P1
14.7
422
P10 451
Btu/ºR
450
Btu/ºR
ENTROPY
![Page 26: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:26
P H DIAGRAMSpecific Volume Lines
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
P1
14.7
422
P10
1.1 ft3/lb
26.8 ft3/lb
SPECIFIC VOLUME
![Page 27: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:27
SATURATED LIQUID
SATURATED VAPOR
SATURATED MIXTURE
SUBCOOLED LIQUID
SUPERHEATED VAPOR
P H DIAGRAMP H DIAGRAM
Time to test your skill
![Page 28: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:28
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
R-22
20 - 30
38 057 20
147 70
300 125225 105
91 45
PH DIAGRAM FOR R-22
TEMPERATUREENTROPY
SPECIFIC VOLUME
![Page 29: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:29
20 - 30
38 057 20
147 70
300 125225 105
91 45
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
R-22
BASIC SYSTEM ON THE PH DIAGRAM
EVAPORATOR
COMPRESSOR
CONDENSEREXPANSION
DEVICE
![Page 30: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:30
EVAPORATOR TYPES
Air cooled
Water cooled (cooler)
![Page 31: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:31
EvaporationSuperheat
ColdMixed Phase
Saturated Vapor ColdSuperheated Vapor
EVAPORATOR PROCESSTwo processes 1. Evaporation – change the mixture of gas and liquid refrigerant to all
vapor2. Superheating – Increase temperature above saturated suction
Superheat is required to assure vapor at the compressorBut has negative impact on total system efficiency
![Page 32: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:32
EVAPORATOR OPERATION
Air in: 80F DB / 67F WB
Air out: 59.7F DB / 57.3F WB
EVAPORATOR
59 F78 PSI
47 F78 PSI
Flash Gas - Vapor quality entering evaporator
Refrigeration Effect –Total heat absorbed by evaporator
Refrigeration Effect
ColdMixed Phase47F - 78PSI
ColdSuperheated Vapor
59F � 78PSIFlash Gas
![Page 33: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:33
COMPRESSOR TYPESReciprocating
Scroll
Screw
Rotary
Centrifugal
![Page 34: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:34
One process 1. Raise the pressure of the superheated gas from saturated suction
temperature to a pressure which corresponds to saturated condensing- Decreases the volume – Increases the pressure – Increases the temperature - The compression process adds considerably more superheat
CompressionSaturated Vapor
Cold Superheated Vapor
Hot Superheated Vapor
COMPRESSOR PROCESS
![Page 35: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:35
COMPRESSSOR OPERATION
Heat of Compression –Heat added from the compression process
Compression Ratio –Discharge pressure / suction pressure EVAPORATOR
50 F55PSI
COMPRESSOR
220 F
175PSI
Heat of Compression ColdSuperheated Vapor
59F � 78PSI
Compression
Hot Superheated Vapor
220F � 175PSI
Compression Ratio
![Page 36: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:36
ROTARY COMPRESSORS
Used in :Small AC unitsAppliances
Uses rotating piston and a sliding vane
![Page 37: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:37
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS
Used in :AC, Refrigeration & Appliances
Uses reciprocating piston and reed valves
![Page 38: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:38
SCROLL COMPRESSOR
Used in :AC, Refrigeration & Appliances
Uses a stationary scroll and a rotating scroll and has no valves
![Page 39: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:39
SCREW COMPRESSOR
Used in :AC & Refrigeration
Uses a stationary screw and a rotating screw and a slide valve
![Page 40: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:40
CONDENSER TYPESAir cooled
Water cooled
![Page 41: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:41
Three processes 1. De-Superheating � Lower temperature to saturated condensing temp.2. Condensing � Condense vapor to liquid3. Sub-cool the liquid below saturated condensing temperature, sub-cooling:
- Is required to assure liquid at the expansion device- Has positive impact on total system efficiency
Condensing
Saturated Vapor
Hot Superheated Vapor
220F 175PSI
CONDENSER PROCESS
De-superheatingHotSub-cooled Liquid
110F 175PSI
Sub-cooling
![Page 42: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:42
Heat of Rejection
Hot Sub-cooled Liquid
Hot Superheated Vapor
EVAPORATOR COMPRESSOR
220 F
175PSI
CONDENSER
Air in: 95F DB
Air out: 95F DB
110 F
175PSI
CONDENSER OPERATION
Heat of Rejection –Refrigerant effect plus heat of compression
![Page 43: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:43
EXPANSION DEVICES TYPESFixed Metering
TXV
Floats
![Page 44: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:44
Two processes 1. Create a pressure drop – Decreasing the temperature below
saturated suction, Flashing part of the liquid into vapor to cool the mixture of vapor and liquid to saturated suction temperature
2. Meter the flow of refrigerant
EXPANSION DEVICE PROCESS
Expansion Device
HotSub-cooled Liquid
110F 175PSI
ColdMixed Phase47F 70PSI
![Page 45: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:45
EXPANSION DEVICE OPERATION
Throttling Range
Hot Sub-cooled Liquid
Throttling Range –Pressure drop available across the metering device
Expansion Device
HotSub-cooled Liquid
110F 175PSI
ColdMixed Phase47F 70PSI
EVAPORATOR COMPRESSOR
CONDENSER110 F
175PSI
METERING DEVICE
47 F
78 PSI
![Page 46: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:46
PH DIAGRAM - SYSTEM INEFFICIENCIES
Evaporator Coil ∆P
Condenser Coil ∆P
Suction Line ∆P
Discharge Line ∆P
LiquidLine ∆P
![Page 47: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:47
20 - 30
38 057 20
147 70225 105
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
300 125
R-22
R-134
91 45
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
0
- 30
20
45
70105
125
P H DIAGRAM FOR R-134A REFRIGERANT
![Page 48: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:48
20
38
57
147 70225
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
300125
R-22
R-134
91 45
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
45
125
R-22 VS. R-134A REFRIGERANT CYCLE
![Page 49: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:49
20 - 30
38 057 20
147 70225 105
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
300 125
R-22
R-404
91 45
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
0
- 30
20
45
70105
125
P H DIAGRAM FOR R-404 REFRIGERANT
![Page 50: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:50
20
38
57
147225
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
300125
R-22
R-404
91 45
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
70
125
R-22 VS. R-404 REFRIGERANT CYCLE
![Page 51: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:51
THE BASIC REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
Basic Refrigeration SystemSame system with a few special features
Basic System
COMPRESSOR
EVAPORATOR
CONDENSER
EXPANSION VALVE
RECIEVER
LIQUID LINE DRIER
MOISTURE LIQUID INDICATOR
SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
![Page 52: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:52
91 45
293 125
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IAPH DIAGRAM - HIGH TEMPERATURE
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
400
200140100
60
40
20
10
RE = 67 BTU/#
TR=202 PSITXV
R-22
EVAPORATOR
COMPRESSORCR=3.2
THR = 81 BTU/#CONDENSER
![Page 53: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:53
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM TYPESSelf Contained
Condensing units
Rack systems
![Page 54: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:54
WALK-IN COOLER MEDIUM TEMP RACK
LOW TEMP RACK
AIR COOLED CONDENSER
WALK-IN FREEZER
MULTI DECK DELI/DAIRY
MEAT-DELI
SINGLE DECK MEAT DISPLAY
FROZEN FOOD
REACH IN FROZEN FOOD
TYPICAL LARGER MARKET LAYOUT
![Page 55: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:55
MULTI DECK DELI/DAIRY
WALK-IN COOLER MEDIUM/LOW TEMP RACK
AIR COOLED CONDENSER
FROZEN FOODS
MEAT/DELI
TYPICAL SMALLER MARKET LAYOUT
![Page 56: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:56
MED TEMP COND UNIT
LOW
MED
MULTI DECK DELI/DAIRY
FROZEN FOODS
MEAT/DELI
CONVENIENCE STORE LAYOUT
![Page 57: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:57
MEDIUM TEMPERATURE REFRIGERATION Typical Cases 15F to 35F PRODUCE AND DELI
COMPRESSOR
EVAPORATOR
CONDENSER
EXPANSION VALVE
RECIEVER
LIQUID LINE DRIER
MOISTURE LIQUID INDICATOR
SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
![Page 58: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:58
57 20
293 125
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IAPH DIAGRAM - MEDIUM TEMPERATURE
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
400
200140100
60
40
20
10
RE = 70 BTU/#
TR=236 PSI
TXV
R-22
EVAPORATOR
COMPRESSOR
CR=5.1
THR = 94 BTU/#CONDENSER
![Page 59: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:59
LOW TEMPERATURE REFRIGERATION Typical Cases -15F to -30F FROZEN FOOD AND ICE CREAM
COMPRESSOR
EVAPORATOR
CONDENSER
EXPANSION VALVE
RECIEVER
LIQUID LINE DRIER
MOISTURE LIQUID INDICATOR
SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
![Page 60: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:60
17 -30
293 125
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IAPH DIAGRAM - LOW TEMPERATURE
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
400
200140100
60
40
20
10
RE = 63 BTU/#
TR=276 PSI
TXV
R-22
EVAPORATOR
COMPRESSORCR=17.2
THR = 96 BTU/#CONDENSER
![Page 61: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:61
REFRIGERATION EVAPORATORSCases
ProduceAir SST
+33F 20FIce CreamAir SST
-25F -35FFrozen Food
Air SST-15F -25F
MeatAir SST27F 15F
DairyAir SST25F 15F
![Page 62: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:62
REFRIGERATION EVAPORATORSUnit Coolers
Reach in
Walk In
Blast freezers
![Page 63: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:63
EVAPORATOR DEFROSTAir Defrost
Electric Defrost
Hot GasReverse Cycle
Three pipe
Drain pan heaters
![Page 64: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:64
DEFROST DIFFERENTIAL VALVESDefrost with Differential Regulating Valve
Liquid line
Discharge Line
![Page 65: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:65
DEFROST DIFFERENTIAL VALVESDefrost with Differential Regulating Valve
COMPRESSOR
EVAPORATOR
CONDENSER
EXPANSION VALVE
RECIEVER
LIQUID LINE DRIER
MOISTURE LIQUID INDICATOR
SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
EVAPORATOR PRESSURE
REGULATOR
LIQUID DIFFERENTIAL VALVE
DISCHARGE DIFFERENTIAL
VALVEEVAPORATOR
SOLENOID VALVE
SOLENOID VALVE
SOLENOID VALVE
CHECK VALVE
![Page 66: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:66
Evaporator Pressure Regulators
Maintains constant pressure in the evaporator
![Page 67: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:67
Evaporator Pressure Regulators
COMPRESSOR
EVAPORATOR
CONDENSER
EXPANSION VALVE
RECIEVER
LIQUID LINE DRIER
MOISTURE LIQUID INDICATOR
SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
EVAPORATOR PRESSURE
REGULATOR
![Page 68: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:68
Receiver
Common Suction Header 10°F 44 psig
15°F15°F
20°F20°F
Multiple Evaporator systems with common suction
Maintains stable evaporator pressure to control temperature
Evaporator Pressure Regulator
![Page 69: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:69
PH DIAGRAM – MULTIPLE EVAPORATORS
140
60
40
17 -30
293 125
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
400
200
100
20
10
TXV
R-22
COMPRESSOR
CONDENSER
57 20
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
LOW STAGE
MEDIUM STAGE
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
EVAPORATOR
![Page 70: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:70
SUCTION ACCUMULATORProtects the compressor from liquid
Separates vapor from liquid
Provides for oil return
Oil ReturnOrifice
Fusible Plug
IN
![Page 71: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:71
RECIEVERSProvide storage volume for excess refrigerant
Pump down storage
![Page 72: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:72
REFRIGERATION COMPRESSORSSelf Contained
Condensing Units
Rack Systems
![Page 73: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:73
REFRIGERATION COMPRESSORSScroll
1 to 15 HPRefrigeration duty differences
Vapor InjectionLiquid Injection
ApplicationsSelf containedCondensing unitsRack systems
![Page 74: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:74
REFRIGERATION COMPRESSORS
40
140
60
17 -30
293 125
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
400
200
100
20
10
TXV
R-22
COMPRESSOR
CONDENSER
57 20
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
LOW STAGE
INJECTION
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
EVAPORATOR
GAIN
![Page 75: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:75
REFRIGERATION COMPRESSORSReciprocating Hermetic
1 to 5 HPRefrigeration duty differences
ApplicationsSelf containedCondensing unitsRack systems
![Page 76: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:76
REFRIGERATION COMPRESSORSReciprocating Semi-Hermetic
3 to 60 HPRefrigeration duty differences
Cooling fans
Compound cooling
ApplicationsStand aloneCondensing unitsRack systems
![Page 77: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:77
REFRIGERATION COMPRESSORSReciprocating Semi-Hermetic
Typical low temperature
De-superheating valve
![Page 78: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:78
COMPOUND COMPRESSORSSingle compressor
Multiple compressor
![Page 79: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:79
COMPOUND COOLING
40
140
60
17 -30
293 125
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
400
200
100
20
10
TXV
R-22
COMPRESSOR
CONDENSER
57 20
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
LOW STAGE
MEDIUM STAGE
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
EVAPORATOR
![Page 80: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:80
REFRIGERATION COMPRESSORSScrew Compressor
20 to 140 HPRefrigeration duty differences
Oil control systemLiquid injection
ApplicationsCondensing unitsRack systemsBuilt up system
![Page 81: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:81
Prevents over-pressurization of Two-Stage Compressor crankcase. Crankcase Pressure Regulator
40
140
60
17 -30
293 125
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
400
200
100
20
10
TXV
R-22
COMPRESSOR
CONDENSER
57 20
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
LOW STAGE
MEDIUM STAGE
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
EVAPORATOR
![Page 82: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:82
Crankcase Pressure Regulator
On two-stage compressors systems and Low Temperature -- Compression Ratio > 10:1Discharge of One Cylinder is De-Superheated and Used as Suction for Another Cylinder to Limit the Heat of Compression.
Results:Excessively High Suction Pressures after-Pull-Down or Defrost Cycles, can Cause Motor Overload.
![Page 83: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:83
CAPACITY CONTROL
Why?• Prevent the Compressor from Short Cycling• Prevent Compressor from Operating with Too
Low Suction Pressures• Prevent Evaporating Coil Icing
OPTIONS:1. Multiple Units2. Single Units with Multiple
Compressors.3. Variable Speed Compressors4. Compressor Cylinder Unloading5. Hot Gas Bypass
![Page 84: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:84
CAPACITY CONTROL
1. Multiple Units2. Single Units with
Multiple Compressors.
3. Variable Speed Compressors
![Page 85: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:85
CAPACITY CONTROL
4. Compressor Cylinder Unloading
![Page 86: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:86
HOT GAS BYPASS CONTROL
COMPRESSOR
EVAPORATOR
CONDENSER
EXPANSION VALVE
RECIEVER
LIQUID LINE DRIER
MOISTURE LIQUID INDICATOR
SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
EVAPORATOR PRESSURE
REGULATOR
![Page 87: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:87
Hot Gas Bypass Regulators
![Page 88: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:88
Bypasses High Pressure Refrigerant to the System’s Low Pressure Side. Regulates to Maintain a Set Minimum Suction Pressure.
Hot Gas Bypass
Bypass to Suction
De-Superheating TXV
Bypass to Evaporator Inlet
![Page 89: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:89
UPSTREAM OF UPSTREAM OF ACCUMULATORACCUMULATOR
LIQUID INJECTIONTHERMO VALVE
LIQUID INJECTIONSOLENOID VALVE
BYPASS REGULATOR
BYPASS SOLENOID
SUCTIONACCUMULATOR
SUCTION
BYPASS TO SUCTION WITH SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
![Page 90: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:90
UPSTREAM OF UPSTREAM OF ACCUMULATORACCUMULATOR
LIQUID INJECTIONTHERMO VALVE
LIQUID INJECTIONSOLENOID VALVE
BYPASS REGULATOR
BYPASS SOLENOID
SUCTION
OUTLET OF OUTLET OF ACCUMULATORACCUMULATOR
* IF A BOILOUT ACCUMULATOR IS USED, LOCATE LCL BULB UPSTREAM
BYPASS TO SUCTION WITH SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
![Page 91: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:91
LIQUID INJECTIONTHERMO VALVE
LIQUID INJECTIONSOLENOID VALVE
BYPASS REGULATOR
BYPASS SOLENOID
SUCTIONACCUMULATOR
SUCTION
Constant headpressure is required during periods of bypass.
BYPASS TO SUCTION WITH SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
![Page 92: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:92
BYPASS SOLENOID DIRECT ACTINGBYPASS
REGULATOR
BYPASS TO EVAPORATOR INLET
EVAPORATOR
COMPRESSOR
THERMO VALVE
LIQUID LINESOLENOID
VALVE
ADVANTAGES:• Provides a False Load• Defrost the Coil, A/C• Evaporator serves as
mixing chamber• Minimizes components• Excellent Oil Return
BYPASS TO EVAPORATOR INLET
![Page 93: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:93
BYPASS TO EVAPORATOR INLET
COMPRESSOR
EVAPORATOR
THERMO VALVE
LIQUID LINESOLENOID
VALVE
BYPASS SOLENOID
DIRECT ACTINGBYPASS
REGULATOR
With the evaporator BELOW the compressor,bypass to evaporator inletassures proper oil returnat low loads.
BYPASS TO EVAPORATOR INLET
![Page 94: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:94
REFRIGERATION CONDENSERSAir Cooled
Water Cooled
![Page 95: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:95
Why?•Maintain Liquid Sub-Cooling and Prevent liquid line flash gas.•Provide sufficient pressure drop across TXV.•Properly operate systems with hot gas defrost, hot gas bypass or heat reclaim systems.
How?hVariable Condenser Fan Speed ControlhWater regulating valvehCondenser Fan Cycling hVane / Damper Control SystemhSplit Condenser Systemh“Flooded” Head Pressure Control
Head Pressure ControlHead Pressure Control
![Page 96: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:96
Fan Cycling200
150
HEA
D P
RES
SUR
E
TIME
Fan off
Fan on
Head Pressure ControlAir Cooled Units
![Page 97: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:97
Variable Speed Fan
Head Pressure ControlAir Cooled Units
Water Cooled UnitsWater regulating Valve
![Page 98: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:98
CONSTANT LOAD AT REDUCED CONDENSING TEMPERATURE
HEAD PRESSURE CONTROL
40
140
60
17 -30
293 125
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
400
200
100
20
10
TXV
R-22
COMPRESSOR
CONDENSER
57 20
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
LOW STAGE
MEDIUM STAGE
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
EVAPORATOR
![Page 99: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:99
CONDENSER HEAD PRESSURE CONTROL
EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
EVAPORATOR PRESSURE
REGULATOR
SUCTION FILTER -DRIER
LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
OIL PRESSURE SAFETY
CONTROL
CONDENSER TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
FAN CYCLING CONTROL
OIL SEPERATOR
OIL FILTER
OIL LEVEL CONTROL
SOLENOID VALVE
HOT GAS BYPASS
REGULATOR
BALL VALVE
COMPRESSOR
EVAPORATORCONDENSER
EXPANSION VALVE
RECIEVER
LIQUID LINE DRIER
MOISTURE LIQUID INDICATOR
SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
SOLENOID VALVE
HIGH -LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
HEAD PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE
![Page 100: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:100
“Flooded” Condenser
Condenser Outlet
Receiver
Condenser Bypass
![Page 101: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:101
FLOODED CONDENSER CONTROL
![Page 102: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:102
METERING DEVICES IN REFRIGERATIONExpansion Valves--Equalizer-Constant pressure valves
Hand Valves
![Page 103: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:103
OPR
Outlet Pressure regulatorsManual
Adjustment
Regulated Outlet
Pressure
Inlet Pressure
![Page 104: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:104
IPR
Inlet Pressure RegulatorsManual Adjustment
Regulated Inlet
Pressure
Outlet Pressure
![Page 105: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:105
DESUPERHEATERSReduce compressor superheat
40
140
60
17 -30
293 125
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
400
200
100
20
10
TXV
R-22
COMPRESSOR
CONDENSER
57 20
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
LOW STAGE
DE-SUPERHEATER
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
EVAPORATOR
![Page 106: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:106
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM VALVESControl Isolation
EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
EVAPORATOR PRESSURE
REGULATOR
SUCTION FILTER -DRIER
LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
OIL PRESSURE SAFETY
CONTROL
CONDENSER TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
FAN CYCLING CONTROL
OIL SEPERATOR
OIL FILTER
OIL LEVEL CONTROL
SOLENOID VALVE
HOT GAS BYPASS
REGULATOR
BALL VALVE
COMPRESSOR
EVAPORATORCONDENSER
EXPANSION VALVE
RECIEVER
LIQUID LINE DRIER
MOISTURE LIQUID INDICATOR
SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
SOLENOID VALVE
HIGH -LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
![Page 107: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:107
SOLENOIDS VALVESProvide Control Function- On / Off Control - Normally Open / Normally closed
Used-Pump down-Circuit isolation-Hot Gas isolation-Defrost Isolation
![Page 108: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:108
Ball ValvesDiaphragm ValvesPacked Angle ValvesGlobe ValvesPressure Relief Valves
- Condensers- Pressure Vessels
Check Valves
REFRIGERATION VALVES
![Page 109: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:109
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM PROTECTORSMoisture Liquid IndicatorsFilter Driers
COMPRESSOR
EVAPORATORCONDENSER
EXPANSION VALVE
RECIEVER
LIQUID LINE DRIER
MOISTURE LIQUID INDICATOR
SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
EVAPORATOR PRESSURE
REGULATOR
SUCTION FILTER -DRIER
LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
OIL PRESSURE SAFETY
CONTROL
CONDENSER TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
FAN CYCLING CONTROL
OIL SEPERATOR
OIL FILTEROIL LEVEL CONTROL
SOLENOID VALVE
SOLENOID VALVE
HOT GAS BYPASS
REGULATOR
BALL VALVE
HIGH -LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
![Page 110: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:110
SIGHT GLASSES MOISTURE INDICATORS
Provide an indication of refrigerant flow & moisture content
Provide an indication of system charge
Locations :
Liquid line
- Between liquid line filter-drier outlet & TXV inlet
Oil Line
- On oil separator or reservoir outlet
![Page 111: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:111
LIQUID LINE FILTER - DRIERRemoves contaminants and chemical reaction products
Filter-Driers removeParticles WaterAcidsRemoves Solid and Sludge
![Page 112: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:112
SUCTION LINE FILTER - DRIERSuction line filter - Driers
![Page 113: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:113
OIL CONTROL SYSTEMSOil system controls
COMPRESSOR
EVAPORATORCONDENSER
EXPANSION VALVE
RECIEVER
LIQUID LINE DRIER
MOISTURE LIQUID INDICATOR
SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
EVAPORATOR PRESSURE
REGULATOR
SUCTION FILTER -DRIER
LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
OIL PRESSURE SAFETY
CONTROL
CONDENSER TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
FAN CYCLING CONTROL
OIL SEPERATOR
OIL FILTEROIL LEVEL CONTROL
SOLENOID VALVE
SOLENOID VALVE
HOT GAS BYPASS
REGULATOR
BALL VALVE
HIGH -LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
![Page 114: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:114
OIL CONTROL SYSTEMSPROTECTS THE COMPRESSORS TO CONTROL PROPER OIL LEVEL
SYSTEM-Oil level control-Oil separator-Oil sight glass-Oil line filter-Oil reservoir-Check valve
OIL LINE FILTER
OIL RESERVOIR
SUCTION HEADER
OIL LEVEL CONTROL
OIL SEPARATOR
DISCHARGE HEADER
TO CONDENSER
CHECK VALVE
![Page 115: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:115
OIL CONTROL SYSTEMSLow Pressure Oil Management System
High Pressure Oil Management System
SYSTEM-Oil level control-Oil separator-Oil sight glass-Oil line filter-Oil reservoir-Check valve
SUCTION HEADER
OIL LEVEL CONTROLOIL SEPARATOR
RESERVOIR
OIL LINE FILTER
DISCHARGE HEADER
TO CONDENSER
OIL LINE FILTER
OIL RESERVOIR
SUCTION HEADER
OIL LEVEL CONTROL
OIL SEPARATOR
DISCHARGE HEADER
TO CONDENSER
CHECK VALVE
![Page 116: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:116
TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE CONTROLSTemperature ControlsPressure Controls
COMPRESSOR
EVAPORATORCONDENSER
EXPANSION VALVE
RECIEVER
LIQUID LINE DRIER
MOISTURE LIQUID INDICATOR
SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
EVAPORATOR PRESSURE
REGULATOR
SUCTION FILTER -DRIER
LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
OIL PRESSURE SAFETY
CONTROL
CONDENSER TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
FAN CYCLING CONTROL
OIL SEPERATOR
OIL FILTEROIL LEVEL CONTROL
SOLENOID VALVE
SOLENOID VALVE
HOT GAS BYPASS
REGULATOR
BALL VALVE
HIGH -LOW PRESSURE CONTROL
![Page 117: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:117
TEMPERATURE CONTROL APPLICATIONS
Evaporator temperature sensingDischarge air temperature sensingProduct temperature sensingReturn air temperature sensingEvaporator coil freeze protectionDefrost termination
![Page 118: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:118
PRESSURE CONTROL APPLICATIONSLow Pressure Controls- Temperature control- Pump down control- High Temperature
alarm- Defrost termination- Low pressure limit /
alarm- Capacity controlHigh Pressure Controls- High pressure cut-out- High pressure alarm- Condenser head
pressure controlOil Pressure Controls- Oil pressure safety
![Page 119: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:119
ECONOMIZER CYCLE
40
140
60
17 -30
293 125
Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
400
200
100
20
10
TXV
R-22
COMPRESSOR
CONDENSER
57 20
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
LOW STAGE
ECONOMIZER
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20
EVAPORATOR
Improving Stage efficiency
![Page 120: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:120
HEAT RECLAIM SYSTEMSRecovery of Condenser heat for space heating
COMPRESSOR
EVAPORATORCONDENSER
EXPANSION VALVE
RECIEVER
LIQUID LINE DRIER
MOISTURE LIQUID
INDICATOR
SUCTION ACCUMULATOR
EVAPORATOR PRESSURE
REGULATOR
LIQUID DIFFERENTIAL
VALVE
DISCHARGE DIFFERENTIAL
VALVEEVAPORATOR
SOLENOID VALVE
SOLENOID VALVE
SOLENOID VALVE CHECK
VALVE
HEAT RECLAIM
COIL
HEAT RECLAIM
VALVE
![Page 121: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:121
SYSTEM TYPESDirectRefrigerant runs
directly to cases
IndirectSecondary cooling
circuit is used
![Page 122: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:122
Practice Example PH chart example, Let�s look at a refrigeration example and plot a low temperature system
![Page 123: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:123
0 20 40 60 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150-20Enthalpy(Btu/lb)
PRES
SUR
E PS
IA
R-22
SUMMARYThe P H Diagram is good tool to use to understand system operation and performance
It can be used for -Design-Understanding new system concepts-Troubleshooting
A knowledge of basic refrigeration system principles helps in the evaluation of refrigeration systems
![Page 124: Thomas J Kelly - IIR · 2005-11-10 · 3. Develop a PH diagram to use as a system analysis tool 4. Use a PH diagram to describe basic system operation in high temperature,medium temperature,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041901/5e609a58ccc18c33f54e3b45/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Job name:Fundamentals of Refrigeration
Page number:124
Questions?Questions?Thank youThank you