thirty years war
TRANSCRIPT
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•How can religion be a cause of war?
The Thirty Years War
What is the Thirty Years War?• Fought mainly in
Central Europe• From 1618-1648• Started as a German
civil war▫Soon became an
international conflict• One side of the war was
the Habsburg family▫Both the Holy Roman
Empire and Spain were ruled by Habsburgs
Causes of the War• Religious Tensions
▫The H.R.E. included Lutheran, Calvinist and Catholic states
▫The government was mostly controlled by Catholics
▫Competing alliances in Germany: The Catholic League and the Protestant Union
• Neighboring countries wanted more influence in Germany
The Bohemian Phase• 1618 – 1621• The Bohemians revolted
against Emperor Ferdinand II
• Ferdinand II was supported by the Catholic League and Spain
• The Bohemians could not get help from the Protestant Union or England
• The Spanish conquered areas in Western Germany
The Palatinate Phase•1621 – 1624•Frederick V attempted
to regain his land taken by the Spanish
•The Dutch assisted Frederick V because Spain planned to conquer them
•Frederick V failed and was pressured to give up by the King of England
The Danish Phase•1625 to 1630•Christian IV of Denmark
helped defend Lower Saxony
•France and England joined Denmark
•Denmark was defeated•The Edict of Restitution
was passed making some Protestant lands in the H.R.E. Catholic
The Swedish Phase• 1630 – 1634• The Swedish King with
assistance from the French invaded Germany
• Sweden took over much of Germany initially
• The Swedish army was pushed back by a combined force of the Emperor’s Army and the Spanish Army
The French Phase• 1634 – 1648 • The French were
threatened by the growing strength of the Habsburgs
• France declared war on Spain and increased its pressure on the H.R.E.
• The French and Swedish gained much land during the later years of this phase
Results of the War•Ended by Peace of
Westphalia▫A series of treaties
between the fighting countries.
•Calvinism legally recognized in H.R.E.
•Sweden and France gain some land
•Emperor greatly weakened
Results of the War•Germany loses 1/3 of
total population and half of male population
•Prussia became an important German Power
•France became the important land-based power in Europe