think learn perform (tlp)+ full mock gs 4 synopsis 2021

ThinkLearnPerform(TLP)+FullMockGS4Synopsis 2021

www.IASbaba.com Page1

TableofContents

SECTION-AQ1.(a)Shouldtheconstitutionbetheprimarysourceofethicalguidanceforacivilservant?Criticallyanalyze.(150words)(10)(b)Definethefollowingtermswiththehelpofsuitableexamples:(200words)(10)

(i)Businessethics(ii)Probity(iii)Codesofethics(iv)Valuesystem

Q2. Given below are two quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. For each ofthese,bringoutwhatitmeanstoyouinthepresentcontext:(a)“Compassionisthebasisofmorality.”(150words)(10)(b)“Itiswrongandimmoraltoseektoescapetheconsequencesofone'sacts.”(150words)(10)Q3. (a)Howissocialmediatransformingpublic lifeandgovernance?Illustrate.Areyoucomfortablewiththeongoingtransition?Criticallycomment.(150words)(10)(b)Therightthingtodoandthehardthingtodoareusuallythesame.Elucidate.(150words)(10)Q4.(a)Whatdoyouunderstandbytheterm‘emotionalmanagement’?Whatareitskeyprinciples?Whyisitimportantforacivilservant?Examine.(150words)(10)(b)Discussthefactorsthatshapetheaptitudeofaperson.Shouldone’saptitudebevaluedmorethathis/herattitude?Shareandsubstantiateyourviews.(150words)(10)Q5.Givenbelowaretwoquotesbymoralphilosophers.Bringouttheirsignificanceinthepresentsocietalcontext.(150words)(10)(a)“Onceamanknowsgoodfromevil,nothingonearthcancompelhimtoactagainstthatknowledge.”(b)“Ideasandcreativityarethemostdangerousweaponsagainstthosewholooktosuppressfreedom.”Q6. A technology informed bureaucracy is the cornerstone of efficient publicadministration. Examine in the light of India’s rapid digital transformation. (150words)(10)Q7.Inthemodernconceptionofaprogressivestate,thereisnoplaceofreligion.Doyouagree?Criticallycomment.(150words)(10)Q8.Whatisthephilosophicalbasisofcorporatesocialresponsibility?Discuss.Whatareyourviewsonit?(150words)(10)



SECTION–BQ9.Thereisamassivefarmerprotestgoingoninthestatecapital.Youarepostedasthe superintendent of police (SP) looking after law and order. Even though theprotestingfarmersarepeacefulintheirmethods,theyhaveblockedthebordersofthestatecapital.YouhavereceivedclearinstructionsfromtheChiefMinister’sOffice(CMO)toavoidtheuseofforceonprotestors.However,youarealsogettingmultiplecomplaintsfromcitizensthatduetoongoingcongestionontheroads,ambulancesarenotabletoreachcriticalpatientsandmanyhavesuccumbedtodeathduetodelayintreatment.Whenyouapproachtheleaderoftheprotestinggroupswitharequesttoletambulancespass,herejectsyourrequest.Nowyouareinadilemma.Ifyouuseforcetodisbursethecrowd,itwillcreatealotofcontroversyandalsomaketheCMOangry.On the other hand, if the protestors are allowed to stop themovement oftraffic,manymoreliveswouldbelostduetounavailabilityofquickmedicalresponsetocriticalpatients.Whatwouldbeyourcourseofaction in thissituationandwhy?Substantiate. (250Words)(20)Q10. As the city mayor of a metropolis, you are concerned about the status ofpollution.Winterscubbedwithvehicularandindustrialemissionshavemadetheairquality highly unbreathable. Since the festival of Diwali is approaching,many civilsocietygroupsaredemandingacompletebanonthesaleandburstingofcrackerstoensurethatpollutiondoesn’tgetworsened.Inthishighlychargedatmosphere,youarealsoreceivingthreats fromthe localsthatanysuchbanwouldbehurtingtheirreligiousfeelings.TheyarealsoarguingthatonedayofDiwalicelebrationwon’tcausemuchdamagetothealreadypollutedcity.Doyouseeanethicaldilemmainthissituation?Whatarethealternativesavailablewithyou?Whatcourseofactionwouldyoutakeandwhy?Discuss.(250words)(20)Q11.Asataxofficerinthesearchandseizuresectionoftherevenuedepartment,youareplanningaraidonarenownedbusinessmanturnedpolitician.Youhaveconcreteintelligence and you have done all the groundwork to expose serious fraudscommittedbythepolitician.Sincethepoliticianbelongstothecurrentrulingparty,youhaveensuredthatyourplanremainsasecrettillthedateofraid.Infact,youhaveshiftedrelateddocumentsandfilesinyourhome.Havingdoneallthehardwork,thedayoftheraidarrives.However,asyouaregettingreadytovisitthepremiseofthepolitician,youreceiveacallfromaseniorofficialfromtheparentministrytodroptheraid immediately as your plans have been revealed to the ruling party. You arecompletelysurprised.Noonecouldhaveknowntheplanexceptyou.Aftera lotofthinking,youconcludethatsomeonefromyourownfamilymusthaverevealedtheinformation.Whenyouaskyourspouseabout thesame,he/she informsthatyourbrother-in-lawusedtovisityourhomeduringofficehourstosearchfordocumentsandevidence.Beingunemployed,he thought thatalertinganunsuspectingperson



about an impending raid wouldmake him earn a lot ofmoney. Hemisused yourpositiontofurtherhisplans.Whatactionwillyoutakeinthissituation?Willyousacrificethefamilialbondfortheloveofyourduty?Substantiateyourresponsewiththehelpofsuitablearguments.(250words)(20)Q12. You have gone to attend the engagement of a distant relative. During theceremony,thefatherofthegroomstartsmakingallegationsonthebride’sfamilyoffraudanddeceit.Hearguesthatdespitepromisingaflatandabigcarbeforemarriage,thebride’sfamilyisnotfulfillingthecommitment.Thegroom’sfatherisadamantthatthemarriagewill take place only after the bride’s family pays theman equivalentamountincash.Thebride’sfatherpromisestoarrangethemoneyincoupleofdays.Heandhissonsstartreachingouttorelativesandfriendstoborrowmoneysothatthe marriage could take place. Since you belong to the bride’s side, you areapproachedbyherfamilytohelpthembygivingwhatevermoneyyoucould.Outragedbytheaudacityofthegroom’sfather,youtrytoconvincethebride’sfamilytoletgoofthegreedyfamilyasthatwouldbeapatheticchoiceforthegirl.However,forthebride’sfamily,itisamatterofsocialprestigeandtheycan’taffordtoloseit.Whatarethealternativesavailabletoyouinthissituation?Willyoukeepmumandhelpthefamilyfinancially?Or,willyoutakethisissuetotheappropriateauthority?What if by exercising the second option, the bride’s family starts to hate you forinterferingintheirpersonalmatters?(250words)(20)Q13.YouarethepostedasaseniorofficerintheMinistryofHealth.AsthevaccineforCOVID-19isgettingproducedatalargescale,youhavebeenentrustedwiththeresponsibility of prioritizing the administration of vaccine amongst followingpopulationgroups:

i. Politiciansii. Securitypersonnelincludingpoliceiii. Medicalstaffiv. Clearersandsweepersv. Collegestudentsvi. Oldagepeoplevii. COVIDrecoveredpatientsviii. Governmentemployeesix. Schoolkids

Whatprioritywouldyousetandwhy?Discuss.(250words)(25)Q14.Itissaidthatadoctorperformsthenoblestprofession.DoctorsareconsideredGod by many in different parts of the world. You were always attracted to this



professionandwantedtobecomethebestdoctorinyourareasothatyoualsocouldsavelivesandfeelgoodaboutit.Youwereluckythatyourparentssupportedyouraspirations.Withtheirsupportandyourhardwork,youcrackedthemedicalentranceexamination,attendedoneofthemostreputedmedicalcollegesinthecountryandfinallybecameadoctor.Youjoinedagovernmenthospitalanditwasnothinglessthandreamcometrueforyou.Youwerereadytoservethepeoplewithallthoselifesavingskillsthatyouhadlearntinthecollege.Meanwhile,yougotmarriedtoabeautifulgirlandhadtwolovelykidswithher.Work- lifebalancewasgoing smoothuntiloneday, thenewsofanewviral strainspreadinginthesouthernmostcoastalstateofthecountrybrokeout.Thestrainwassosevere thatevenmanydoctorsandnurseshadsuccumbedto the infectionanddied.Thesituationhadbecomesoworsethatnodoctorwasreadytotreatthedyingpatients.Thistroubledyoualotandyoufeltthatthetimehadcometoservethepeopleinthetruestsense.Youdecidedthatyouwouldvisitthestateandrenderyourservicestotheailingpatients.However,yourparents,wifeandchildrenarestrictlyagainstthisdecision.Theyfearthatevenyouwouldgetaffectedbythevirus.Youtriedtoconvincethembytellingthemthattheforemostdutyofadoctorwastosavelivesnomatterwhatand ifyoudidn’tgo, theguiltof turningyourback towards theneedywouldhauntyouforever.Butyourfamilymembersaren'treadytoletyougo.Afterall,youarethesolebreadwinnerandcaretakerofthefamily.Howcantheysimplyletyoubeindanger?Theyloveyousomuchandcan’taffordtoloseyou.Now,youwere inacomplexsituationthatdemandedareasonedyetmoralactionfrom you.What would you have done in this situation? Examine the alternativesavailabletoyouandcommentontheprosandconsofeachoneofthem.Also,whichalternativeyouwouldhavechosenandwhy?(250Words)(25)

***IMPORTANTNOTE:ThisisaSynopsis,notaModelAnswer.Thissynopsisintendstoaddmorecontentanddimensionstoyourpreparation.Inanycase,donotjumpintoconclusionconsideringthistobeamodelanswer.



SECTION-A

Q1.(a)Shouldtheconstitutionbetheprimarysourceofethicalguidanceforacivilservant?Criticallyanalyze.(150words)(10)Approach–Whiletalkingaboutthesourcesofethicalguidanceforcivilservants,youneedtocriticallyanalyzewhethertheconstitutionshouldbetheprimarysourceofethicalguidanceforcivilservants.Relatedconcepts:• EthicalGovernance• Sourcesofethicalguidance• Educationandethics

Keywordintheanswer:• Trustdeficitinpresenttimes• Epitomeofethics• Conscience• EnvironmentalEthics

IntroductionWiththecurrentdecliningtrustingovernmentanddemocracyingeneral,citizensareasking for more ethical behaviours from public officials. Many organizations haveidentifiedethicsandanti-corruptionascriticaltoacountry’ssuccessfuldevelopmentandgoodgovernance.Ethicsdefinesthedistinctionbetweentherightandwronginagroupwhether it is society, corporate, sportetc. Ethical guidance is received fromvariousfacetsoflifewhichhelpindefiningtheethicalconductoftheindividual.Body

• Governancetakesplacethroughseveralinstruments.Peoplestilllooktowardsthe civil servants as the visible symbol of Government. No governmentfunctionary has absolute powers; yet there are specific powers andresponsibilities vested on each of them. They have the responsibility todischargethesespecificduties‘withoutfearorfavour’.

• Inthisregard,constitutioncanbeconsideredastheprimarysourceofethicalguidanceforcivilservantsas–

1. ConstitutionnotonlyhasrulesforgovernancebutisalsoanepitomeofethicswherethePreambleupholdstheethicalvaluesofJustice,Equality,andLiberty.These form the basis of modern democratic life where civil servantsincorporatingtheseindailylifewillgoalongininducingdemocraticculture.

2. Similarly,inthePart-3oftheconstitution,pertainingtofundamentalrights,itgives the values like Religious tolerance(Art 25-28),Right to life(Art 21-thescopeofthisarticlehaswidenedbySupremecourt),etc.canbeaguidinglightfor constitutional governance,which is ethical, where rights of citizens aretakencareof.

3. The constitutionof India is liberating innature and it has incorporatedourhistoricvalues,societalethicsandguidedthecustomarymoralitytosuitthemoderntimes.Thishelpsinsocialjusticeaspectsofgovernance.Forexample,eradicationofsocialevilslikeuntouchability(Article17).



4. Article51AofConstitutionprovidesfundamentaldutiestogivewayto‘dutybased ethics for the citizens. Here, civil servants can help propagate aconstitutional morality in the society through their work further ensuringbetterconduct.

5. Environmental ethics is prominently preached by the constitution. Forinstance, article 48A is a constitutional pointer to the state to protect andimprovetheenvironment.Thesecanformaneffectiveethicalshieldtowardsfightingclimatechangeandenvironmentaldegradation.

Butatthesametime,constitutionalonecan’tbetheonlyprimarysourceofethicalguidanceforcivilservantsas–

1. Inanyethicaldilemmaorsituationanumberofparametersarefoundtobeuseful in arrivingat any solutions.Amongallmajorparameters, conscienceplays a major role. Conscience is something within human beings thatdeterminesthemoralityofhumanactions.

2. Conscienceisaspecialactofthemindthatcomesintobeingwhentheintellectpasses judgement on the goodness or badness of a particular act, it is apractical judgement on particular, concrete, human actions. E.g. allowinghospitalrenovationprojectsprecedingaStadiumrenovationproject.

3. Further,familyandfriendscanalsoformthebasisofethicalguidanceforacivilservant where the proverb that 'A happy and good family is the bestcontributionfromanindividualtosociety'sumsuptheimportanceoffamilyandfriendsinshapingtheethicalconductofindividuals.

4. Education received by individuals defines the individual ethics which areextremely important as they develop the conduct of discipline and socialinteraction,whichhelpacivilservant indealingwiththe largerworldwhileperformingone’sduty.

5. Differentsocietieshavedifferentethicalguidelinesdevelopedascultureandtraditionovertimeduetovariousinfluenceswhichduetosocialinteractionofindividual with society serve as ethical guidance where the experiences ofindividualsformacrucialroleindefiningtheethicalcodeofindividuals.Here,acivilservantcanobtainthelargerethicalunderstandingofthesociety,whichheistoserveandthuscanbeusefulsource.

Civil servants field of operations are multiple where multiple sources of ethicalguidance can be fruitful for effective functioning but the core values for ethicalfunctioning can be sourced from the constitution while not depriving the othersourcestoo.ConclusionHighethicalstandardsforexerciseofauthoritybyacivilservantareaprerequisite.Ithelpsacivilservanttonavigateinturbulenttimes.Thus,itcanbecertainlysaidthatthe values enshrined in the Indian Constitution are based on a strong ethicalfoundation,whileothersourcescanbereferredonneedbasiswhereoverallmultiplesourceshelpinethicalguidancewhichshapethemoralsofanindividualresultingintheindividualandsocietymovingtowardsleadinganideallife.



(b)Definethefollowingtermswiththehelpofsuitableexamples:(200words)(10)(i) Businessethics(ii) Probity(iii) Codesofethics(iv) Valuesystem

Approach-Asthisisastraightforwardquestionwritethedefinitionofthetermsalongwithconcreteexamples.Body(i)BusinessethicsBusiness ethics is the study of how a business should act in the face of ethicaldilemmasandcontroversialsituations.Thiscan includeseveraldifferentsituations,includinghowabusinessisgoverned,howstocksaretraded,abusiness'roleinsocialissues,andmore.Many businesses leverage business ethics not only to remain clean from a legalperspective,butalsotoboosttheirpublicimage.Itinstilsandensurestrustbetweenconsumersand thebusinesses that serve them.Fairand lovely creamchanging itsnametoFairandglowisagoodexampleofbusinessethics.(ii)ProbityProbityistheactofstrictadherencetohighestprinciplesandideals(integrity,goodcharacter, honesty, decency) rather than avoiding corrupt or dishonest conduct. Itbalancesservicetothecommunityagainsttheself-interestofindividual.Probity in public life requires adherence to high moral and ethical standards likeintegrity, honesty, impartiality, commitment to constitutional principles, dedicatedandselflesspublicserviceonthepartofallpublicservants.Publicservantsincludenotonly legislature, executive (temporary and permanent) and judiciary, but alsoscientists, technocrats, members of statutory, advisory bodies and even non-governmental organisations, educational and research institutions receivinggovernment grants in the conduct and performance of their official duties andresponsibilities.For example: Tough action against illegal sandMining by IAS officer Durga ShaktiNagpaloragainst illegal landdealbyAshokKhemkasetsanexampleofessenceofprobityamonggovernmentofficers.(iii)CodesofethicsCodeofEthics:Itisasetofguidelinescontainingcoreethicalvalues,principlesandideals of the organization. It gives a general idea of what types of behaviour anddecisionsareacceptableandencouragedatabusinessororganizationCodeofethicswouldincludetheprinciplesofintegrity,impartiality,commitmenttopublicservice,accountability,devotiontoduty,exemplarybehaviouretc.



It defines the minimum requirements for conduct, and behavioural expectationsinsteadofspecificactivities.Whenfacedwithethicaldilemmasordebatablesituations,what’sarticulatedintheCodeofEthicscanhelpguidedecisionmaking.Codeofethicshelpsmembersinunderstandingwhatisrightorwrong.Thecodesaredisclosedpubliclyandhenceaddressedtotheinterestedpartiestoknowthewaythecompanydoesbusiness.Exampleofcodeofethics:E.g.Civil servantsarecommittedtopublicservices.TheCodeofEthicswillstatethatdecisionsofthepublicservantshouldbeguidedbylargercommongoodandtochoosethemostbeneficialsolutionforthecommunity.(iv)ValuesystemAhierarchyofvaluesthatallmoralagentspossess,demonstratedbytheirchoices.Mostpeople'svaluesystemsdiffer,makingtheimpositionofasingularvaluesystemby the state a source of constant socialwarfare. This is an individualistic concept.One'svaluesystemismouldedbyone'svirtuesorvices.Aperson'sstandardsandself-disciplineset,basedonthecommonsenseandwisdomof knowing what the proper moral rules and discipline are, and the amount ofwillingnesstoseethemselvesandothersabidebythem.Avaluesystemisasetofconsistentethicvaluesandmeasuresusedforthepurposeofethicalorideologicalintegrity.Awell-definedvaluesystemisamoralcode.



Q2.Givenbeloware twoquotationsofmoral thinkers/philosophers. Foreachofthese,bringoutwhatitmeanstoyouinthepresentcontext:(a)“Compassionisthebasisofmorality.”(150words)(10)Approach-

• Writewhatthequotemeanstoyou.• Givesuitableexamplestosubstantiateyourviews.

Keywords

• Empathy• Legalcodes

Relatedconcepts• Altruism• Sympathy• Misplacedcompassion

IntroductionApublicservantisentrustedtoexercisehisauthoritytomanagepublicresourcesforthepublicgood.Whileheislegallyaccountableforhisacts,publicinterestneedsmuchmorethansatisfyinglegalcodes-morality,whichshouldbetheunderlyingphilosophyforanyofficialaction.BodyCompassionmeansnotonlygettingintotheshoesoftheotherbutactingsensiblytoredresstheirgrievances.Apublicservantneedscompassionasindispensablepartofhischaracter,asitisthistraitthatalongwithlegality,bringssocialmeaningbehindtheperformedduty.Attimes,apublicservantmayfindvoidsintheruleslaiddown,thusnecessitatingdiscretion.Insuchcases,sympathyandinclinationtoservepublicinterestsguideshimintakingduedecisions.CompassionbringsinmoraltingetoofficialdomwhichinIndia,isgenerallyequatedwithredtapismandrule-worship.Itdrawsapublicservantclosertotherecipientsofhisservice-therebybringingmeaningtohisactions,whicharethenlesslikelytobeflouted.Example:Popularlyknownas ‘CollectorBro’,acivilservantfromKozhikodestartedthe‘CompassionateKozhikode’and‘CompassionateKeralam’,winningthetrustandvolunteerhelpfromthelocalstosuccessfullycleanponds,feedthehungry,helpandimprovinglivesaftertherecentfloodsandinvolvingyouthinthebettermentofthesociety.HisHoliness,TheDalaiLamainhisteachingssaid,“Ifyouwantotherstobehappy,practice compassion. If you want to be happy, practice compassion.” Rightly so,compassion almost always leads to an affirmative result and is of paramountimportancetoeachandeveryone.Conclusion



BecauseConstitutionalidealsarenotmereproverbs,theyharbourthespiritofservingthesociety,especiallythedisadvantagedones.Compassiontowardfellowbeings isoneoftheforemosthumanprinciples-afeaturethatshouldundoubtedlydrivetheconscienceofapublicservantoraresponsiblehumanbeing.



(b)“Itiswrongandimmoraltoseektoescapetheconsequencesofone'sacts.”(150words)(10)

Approach

• Writewhatthequotemeanstoyou.• Givesuitableexamplestosubstantiateyourviews.

Keywords

• Moralresponsibility• Moralobligations• Accountability• answerability

Relatedconcepts• Deontology• Consequentialism

IntroductionMoral responsibility is the status of morally deserving praise, blame, reward, orpunishmentforanactoromissionperformedorneglectedinaccordancewithone'smoralobligations.TheabovequotebyMahatmaGandhijihighlightstheimportanceofmoralresponsibilityofapersonfortheconsequencesofanactcommittedbyhim.BodyAtpersonallevelescapingfromthemoralresponsibilityofone’sactleadstomoraldecay and breach of trust. Thismay deteriorate the relationships and brings trustdeficit. Example- A person becoming a loan guarantor for his friend based on thegoodwillandfaithgetscheatedbyhisfriend.Wilful defaulters and fugitive economicoffenders have committedwrongdoings inIndia and they are not ready to face the trail in their country. This is nothing butescapingtheconsequencesofone’sact.ExampleVijaymallya,Neeravmodietc.RecentwithdrawalofUnitedStatesfromtheParisAgreementisanexampleofcountrynotreadytoaccepttheconsequencesof itspreviousactsofcontributingtoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.Thisescapismleadstolossofcredibilityofpersonoraninstitution.Thepersonwillnot have the strong ethical ground to justify his acts. Being responsible andanswerabletoone’sactionsandwordsisanimportantpartofprobityandintegrity.Foracivilservantitismuchmoreimportantasheisaccountabletotheparliament,constitutionandthepeopleoftheCountry.ConclusionBeing responsible andanswerable toone’s actions is highly important for the civilservantsastheyarethetrusteesofpublicfund.



Q3.(a)Howissocialmediatransformingpubliclifeandgovernance?Illustrate.Areyoucomfortablewiththeongoingtransition?Criticallycomment.(150words)(10)Approach-Intheintroductioncandidatecanstartbygivingaquoteregardinghowsocialmediaistransformingpubliclifeandgovernance.Forthefirsthalfofmainbodypartdirectiveis illustratehence, it isadvisabletoexplainwithexampleshowsocialmediatransformingpubliclifeandgovernance.Forthesecondhalfofmainbodypartdirectiveiscriticallycommenthenceitisnecessarytogivebothsideviewsregardingtheuneasinesswiththeongoingtransition.Relatedconcepts:

• Society as an institution toinculcatevalues

• Values of empathy tolerance,compassion

• Ethicsinpubliclife• Ethicsingovernance• Philosophical basis of

governance

Keywordsintheanswer:• Connected despite being miles

apart• Promotesthevalueoffraternity• People-to-Peopleinteraction• Empathy, Compassion,

Benevolence• Awarenessgenerationmedium• Behaviouralchange• PopulistPolitics• Polarisinganddivisivecontent• Manipulatepublicperception

Introduction"Whoevercontrolsthemediacontrolsthemind",JimMorrisonisanAmericansingerwho said this around in 1960-70's. If we relate this quote with today’s events, itappearstobetrueevenwithrespecttoSocialmediatoo.BodySocialmediatransformingpubliclifeandgovernance:

• Connecteddespitebeingmilesapart:Thesocialmediaismakingitmucheasierforpeople to findoneanotherand reconnect, evenafterdecadesofbeingapart.Inthiswayitispromotingfamilyvalues,besidesevenhelpingpeopletonottomisstheirlovedonesduringcelebrations.

• It isalsomakingiteasierforpublictostayconnectedduringthecalamities.Therebyitisharmonizingthesocietybypromotingthevalueoffraternity.Forinstance,duringChennaifloodmanyofthepeoplemarkedtheirstatusassafeonsocialmediaplatforms.

• Itofferspeople-to-people interaction thatbreaksbarriersand forgesa truehuman connection. This is promoting the values of empathy, compassion,benevolence etc. For instance in a recent incident in NewDelhi, awomanstartedanonlinecampaignforadogwhowasabandonedonthehighwaybyownerofdog.



• It also has been instrumental in pro-democracy fights in many oppressiveregimes.Forinstance,intherecentrowoverfarmlawspeoplehaveshowedtheirsupportthroughsocialmediacampaigns.Hence,itisprovingtobemoreofanawarenessgenerationmediumtopromoteethicalvalues.

• Socialmedia platforms have emerged as Citizen led governance platforms.Whichcreatesawarenesscreatesawarenessfromoneanothertoamillionandbeunitedforanysocialcause.

• Useofsocialmediaforpolicycrowdsourcingandpublicity isevident inthesuccess of pan-India campaigns such as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and therecently-launched Fit IndiaMovement. Hence, on the governance part it ismakingtheprocessofbehavioralchangeeasier.

• Ithasalsomadethegovernanceparteasyasmanyoftheministriesusesocialmediaplatformforgrievanceredressal.Forinstance,IRCTCunderministryofRailwayshandlesthegrievanceredressalverynicely.

The ongoing transition of public life and governance has changed the way ofperformanceofboththeentities.However,ithasimpactedpubliclifeandgovernanceinnegativewayalso.Thismakesitcomfortableforanawarecitizenlikemewhowantsoursocietymoresynchronizedandharmonious.

• Forinstance,Socialmediahasenabledastyleofpopulistpolitics,whichonthenegativesideallowshatespeechandextremespeechtothriveindigitalspacesthatareunregulated,particularlyinregionallanguages.

• Itisunnecessarilycreatingsocialdivideinthesociety.Therebyitpromotesthecultureofhatred.

• The rise of polarizing and divisive content has been a definingmoment ofmodernpolitics,whichisfedbyfakenewspropagationthroughsocialmediachannels.Itisactuallyhamperingthemediaethicsandplayingwiththepublic'srighttoknow.

• Paidnewsandfakenewscanmanipulatepublicperceptionandcaninstigatehatred, violence, and disharmony among the various communities withinsociety.

DavidAmerlandaBritishauthorhassaidthat"Socialmediagivesussomethingwhichtherealworldlacks.Itgivesusimmediacy,direction,andvalueasanindividual".Inthiscontextifwemeasureourcomfortablenessthenitisadaptable.However,ifthecurrenttransitionleadstomisuseandculminatesintoabusethenitisofnouse.ConclusionNowadays, socialmedia is known as 'fifth estate of democracy'. Hence, living in aworldwhere 'post-truth' rules reallymakes itdifficult foraprincipleboundethicalpersontoliveacomfortablelife.However,ifwecherishandpromotethegoodswhichsocialmediado'sinpubliclifeandgovernancethenitwillprovetobea'panacea'formanyofoursocietalproblems.



(b)Therightthingtodoandthehardthingtodoareusuallythesame.Elucidate.(150words)(10)Approach-Asthedirectivehereiselucidate,itisnecessarytoexplainthemeaningofstatementinitstruesense.Intheintroductioncandidatecaneitherstatemeaningofthestatementorcanstatewhohasusedthisquoteandtoconveywhatmessage.Inthemainbodypartcandidateisexpectedtoexplainindetailthemeaningofstatementwithrelativeexamplesthroughprismsoflife,success,individualchallenges,lawetc.Intheconclusioncandidatecanshowtheapplicationofitinbrief.Relatedconcepts:

• Ethics,IntegrityandAptitude• Lifephilosophies• Success stories of people who

overcomeadversities• Impartiality, objectivity,

Subjectivity• Hardwork,Smartwork

Keywordintheanswer:• Emergingvictorious• Speakingoutagainsttheinjustice

ordiscriminations• Dreamofovernightsuccess• Honest,disciplinedandobjective• Pushing ourselves and exerting

ourselftopastourlimits.

IntroductionSteveMaraboliinhisbook'Life,TheTruthandBeingFree'hassaid'Therightthingtodoandthehardthingtodoareusuallythesame'.Hehaswrittenitintheperspectiveandcontextoflife.Consequentlywealsofinditistrueinourdaytodayexperiences.BodyTherightthingtodoandthehardthingtodoareusuallysame.Itbasicallyconveysusthat,hardthingsaretherightthingsandviceversa.Forinstance,MahatmaGandhiledourIndianNationalfreedommovement.Wealsoknowthatitwasahardthingtodobutheemergedvictoriousandprovedthatitwasarightthingtodo.

• OnthefirstdayofeveryNewYearweusuallysetaresolutiontofollow.SuchasIamgoingtolosemyweightthisyearorIamgoingtoacquireanewskillthisyear.

• However,manyofusjustgiveupafterdoingitforthefirsttwoweeks.Veryfewcontinuewithit.Theoneswhocontinuemakeuptheirmindtofaceanyobstacleintheirpathandemergevictorious.

• WilmaRudolph'sstoryisonesuchfineexample,whereaasicklychildwhohadtowearabraceonherleftlegbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowinthreegoldmedalsintrackandfieldatasingleOlympicsin1960.

• Speakingoutagainsttheinjusticeordiscriminationsisarightthingeventhehardthingtoo.Forinstance,#Metoomovement.

• It is even harder when we are surrounded by a thing called 'relativedeprivation'.Forinstance,apersonwhoishavingabicycletoridetoworkwillalwaysfeeldeprivedbyseeingapersonwhousesacartogothework.Hence,



thebinddreamofovernightsuccessmakestherightthingtodoevenharderbyplayingwithone'spsychology.

• Forinstance,dayindayoutweseemanyofthepeoplewhobreakthelawanacquiremoney,fame,successinashortspanoftime.Butalawabidingpersonwhoishonest,disciplinedandobjectiveinhislife'sphilosophymightfeelthateven after following the law and being an honest person I am deprived ofsuccess.Itmakesithardforapersontotherightthing.

• Doingtherightthingforourownselvesishard.Itaskstodoalotofthingsthatcreateaninternalresistancewithinus.

• Itmeanspushingourselvesandexertingourselftopastourlimitsinordertogrow,that'snoteasyeither.Itmeansbeingconsistent,sometimesperformingasingleactioneverydayfortherestofyourlife.Forinstance,SylvesterstallionhasbeautifullypresenteditthroughhismovieRocky-I.

• Itmeansoptinglongtermbenefitsovermomentarypleasure,andthatistheoppositeofwhattheworldtellsustoday.Forinstance,ourdieticianalwaystellsustofollowadailyroutineandhaveahealthydiet,butwefailtofollowitdespitethefactthatweknow,itwilldomoreharmthangoodtous.

Following to do a right thing is always a hard thing to do. However, we havetremendousexamplesofpeoplewhoemergedvictoriousoverit.ConclusionKyle chandleranAmericanactorhas said 'Opportunitydoesnotknock; itpresentsitself when you beat down the floor'. It can be neatly interpreted as, when weovercomethehardthingstodoandemergevictoriousoverthem,thenandthenonlywegetthesatisfactionofdoingarightthingandtastethefruitsofsuccess.



Q4.(a)Whatdoyouunderstandbytheterm‘emotionalmanagement’?Whatareitskeyprinciples?Whyisitimportantforacivilservant?Examine.(150words)(10)Approach - Candidates need to explain in brief what you mean by emotionalmanagement. Explain it with its various aspects like regulating emotions, using itconstructivelyetc.Inthesecondhalfwriteabouthowithelpsacivilservanttoprovideeffectiveleadershipinthedynamicenvironmentofcivilservices.

Relatedconcepts:• EmotionalQuotient(EQ)• Emotionalintelligence• Affective component of

attitude• Emotionalliteracy

Keywordintheanswer:• Recognizingemotions• Managingemotions• Self-awareness• Emotionalvocabulary• StressManagement• preventshaphazarddecisions• Effectiveleadership

IntroductionEmotionmanagement is theability tobeawareof and constructivelyhandlebothpositiveandchallengingemotions.Emotionmanagementhelpsmanagethesituationsthat trigger emotions, and attune to the valuable information and motivationemotionscanprovidewhentheyareunderstood.Body

Keyprinciplesofemotionalmanagement-

• Self-awareness—Ittheabilitytorecognizeyourfeelingsandemotions.Oneneedstoidentifyhis/herownfeelings.Withoutthatyoumaynotknowwhatsetshim/heroff,whatgetsyoubackontrackandwhyyoulosecontrolofyouremotionsincertainsituations.

• Self-management-One key to self-management is to practice self-control.Anotherkeyinself-managementistolookforemotionaltriggers.Theseeventsset up emotional breakdowns. Sometimes criticism, perceived or real, cantriggerastrongemotionalresponse.

• Emotionalclarity-Weworkonourabilitytothinkclearly.Butthat isonlyapart(cognitive)ofourpersonality.Anotherimportantpartthatshapesone’spersonalityisaffectivecomponent-thisinvolvesaperson'semotions.Alongwith having the clarity of thought one needs to have clarity over one’semotions.

• Emotionalvocabulary-Knowingthetermsfortheparticularemotions-havingvocabulary.Itisnecessaryforemotionalmanagementasithelpstopreciselylabeltheemotiononeisfeeling.Emotionalvocabulary isonecomponentofemotional literacy. A person with well-developed emotional literacy isthereforeabletorecognizeandrespondtotheemotionalstatusofothers.



• Validating emotions- Avoidance of particular set of emotions can lead toserious negative consequences. For better emotional management it isnecessarytoacknowledgeratherthantryingtofixoreliminateournegativeemotionsandmoods.

• Emotionalmanagement is necessary to understandone’s ownmotivations,internaldrivesandvalues.

• It also helps understanding another’s emotions (empathy)- putting you inanotherperson’splacetounderstandhowtheyfeelormoreimportantlywhytheyfeelthewaytheydo.

• Itenablesonetoprovideinspirationalleadership• Emotionalmanagementhelpsaccomplishresolutionsandsetgoodhabits.• Whilelackofemotionalcontrolaffectsproductivity.

Importanceofemotionalmanagementtoacivilservant-

1. Stress Management- Emotional management enables one to manageemotions in anxiety-provoking situations and thushelpsone inmaintainingone’sphysicalandmentalwellbeing.

2. Formotivatingsubordinates-Ithelpsapersonincomprehendingemotionsofothers,andthuscanmotivatehis/hersubordinatestowardsaparticulargoal.

3. Findinginnovativesolutions-AnEmotionallyIntelligentpersonismorelikelytotrynewthings, takerisksandfacenewchallengeswithout fear.Thiswillhelpinfindinginnovativesolutionstodifferentproblems.

4. For Better Communication: Better emotional management enables a civilservanttouserightandclearwordscommunicatethemessage.

5. Greaterinterpersonalskills-Thesearecrucialforrelationshipwith(crucialforgoodcitizencentricadministration)

6. Work-lifeBalance-Betteremotionalmanagementhelpstofindarightbalancebetweenpersonalandprofessionallife.

7. Organisational performance- Civil servant with self-regulation over his/heremotions can become effective leader. His/her understanding about one’sown and others’ emotional state result in better group dynamics andcooperationamongteammembers.

8. ForTargetingPoliciesbetter:Bureaucratsneedtoknowemotions,moodsanddrivesofpersonsatwhompublicpolicy is targeted forbetteracquaintancewiththenatureofproblemsinsocietyandtheirpossiblesolutions.

Emotionalmanagementhelpscivilservant:• Managingconflictingsituations,dilemmasconstructively.• De-personalizefromtheangersofothers• Identifyandabidebycorevaluesandbeliefsthatshapethechoicesyoumake.• Managedifficultpersonsatworkplace.• Itpreventsanyhaphazarddecisionsorimplementation.• Emotionalmanagementpreventsonefromattractingtowardsshorttermgains.• Abilitytoseethelongtermeffectsofone'sactions/attitudes• Beingabletobouncebackfromsetbacksandmaintainoptimism.



• Ability to perform multiple tasks due to better time and informationmanagement

ConclusionPerson’sbeliefsandvaluesshapeperceptions,perceptionsshapeemotions,emotionsinturnshapeattitudes,andattitudesdetermineone’sbehavior.Ifperceptionisbasedon wrong beliefs it can trigger wrong emotions. Emotional management helpsunderstand the source of such emotions better and it helps avoid any behaviorgeneratingoutof suchemotions.While italsohelpson theotherhandtouseouremotions for improved productivity, better results, and healthy interpersonalrelationsandsoon.Workenvironmentofthecivilservicesismuchmorecomplex,demandingandevenhostile at times. It is not enough for a civil servant to be merely professionallycompetent.Oneneedstoregulatehis/heremotionseffectivelyinordertosucceed.



(b)Discussthefactorsthatshapetheaptitudeofaperson.Shouldone’saptitudebevaluedmorethathis/herattitude?Shareandsubstantiateyourviews.(150words)(10)Approach-Asthedirectivehereisshareandsubstantiateyourviews,itwillbebettertowritetheanswerwithone'sownlifeexperiences.Inthefirsthalfofmainbodypartexplainthefactorswhichshapetheaptitudeofaperson. Inthenexthalfcompareindividual pros and cons of having an aptitude and attitude. A well balancedconclusionandreallifeexampleswillenrichyouranswer.Relatedconcepts:

• Attitude• Foundational values such as

integrity, impartiality, non-partisanship,objectivity.

• Roleoffamily• Roleofsociety

Keywordsintheanswer:• Competency,Talent• Inheritedtrait• RoleofFamily• Harmonyinsociety• Aptitude a component of

competence• Subjective individual

interpretation• Objectiveviewofoutsideworld

IntroductionAptitudeisacomponentofcompetencytodoacertainkindofworkatacertainlevel,whichcanalsobeconsideredtalent.Itisbasicallytheabilitytodealwithaspectsofenvironmentandthenaturalabilitytoacquireskillinsomespecificfield.Forinstance,A.R.Rehamanhasaptitudeinmusic.BodyFactorsthatshapetheaptitudeofaperson:

• Inheritedtrait:Aptitudeusuallytransferredfromonegenerationtoanother.Itismoreofaphysicaltraitorapsychologicaltrait.Forinstance,MichaelPhelpshasanaptitudeforswimmingduetohisphysicaltraitsi.e.hehaslongwingsspan.

• Role of Family: As per study conducted by 'health of children' Child'spersonality is developed in between age 1 to 6. If a child gets nourishingenvironmentforherdevelopmentinthesefirst6yearsthenitstrengthensthedevelopmentofaptitude.

• Interest: Persons likes, dislikes even contribute to shape the aptitude of aperson.Forinstance,ShahrukhKhanisanMBAdropoutwhohasinclinationtowardsacting.HelefttheMBAtodoacting,andnowprofoundlyknownas'KingofBollywood'.

• Harmonyordisharmonyinoursocietyalsoshapesouraptitudeinoneorotherway.Forinstance,NelsonMandela,duringhisearlyyearsofage,experiencedhumiliation,discriminationforbeingablackskinnedperson.Itactuallyshaped



hisaptitudeinsuchawaythathedevelopedmore interest instudying law,whichhelpedhimtofightagainstinjustice.

Whencomparedwithattitude,aptitudeisgenerallyaninnateabilityofapersontodoacertainthing.Hence,inmostofthecasesitisnotshapedbyexternalities.Buttherearesomecaseswherepeoplehaveevendevelopedaptitudelikeattitude.Valuationofaptitudeandattitude:

• Wehaveearlierobservedthataptitudeisacomponentofacompetencetodoa certain kind of work at a certain level. Outstanding aptitude can beconsidered"talent."

• WhereasAttitudeisasubjectiveindividualinterpretationofobjectiveviewofoutsideworld.Forinstance,objectivelyaglassisfilledwithwateruptohalf.However,onepersonmightthinkitashalffullwhereasothermightthinkitashalfempty.

• A person’s attitude towards life, family, and friends helps her to live ameaningfullife.Hence,"Attitudeisalittlethingthatmakesthebigdifference".Ithelpsapersontoleadameaningfullife".

• Whereasaperson'saptitudecreatesapotentialatmosphereforapersontoachieve the scales of success. However, it even supplements the attitudebuildingofaperson.

• However,whenwecompareattitudeandaptitude it isobserved that, theybothhavetheirowntraitsandlacunas.Butmoreorlesstheyareimbibedandinheritedperson.

• Valuing the attitude more than aptitude will take out the 'talent' factor.Whereasvaluingtheaptitudemorethanattitudewilltakeoutthe'life'factor.

• Hence,insteadofvaluingonefactoroverother,givingequalweightagetoboththetermsisessential.Thiswillhelpapersontoleadasuccessfulandenjoyinglife.

ConclusionBhagvadgeetaasksaperson to followthepathof 'NishkamKarma',whichcanbeattainedbyoneafterfollowingher'Prakriti'(Aptitude)andaright'Drishti'(Attitude).Hence,weneedtoaspiretoachieveagoldenmeanbetweenattitudeandaptitudeasaptitudewithoutattitudeisblindandattitudewithoutaptitudeislame.



Q5.Givenbelowaretwoquotesbymoralphilosophers.Bringouttheirsignificanceinthepresentsocietalcontext.(150words)(10)(a) “Onceamanknowsgood fromevil, nothingonearth can compelhim to actagainstthatknowledge.”Approach –You need to bring out the significance of the above quote in presentcontextwhereknowledgeofgoodandevilistalkedaboutaswellashumanreactiontoit.Relatedconcepts:• Socrates,PlatoandAristotle• Moralrelativism• Socialization

Keywordintheanswer:• Subjectiveandobjectivereality• Comparativeanalysis• Culturaldevelopment• Religionandaction

IntroductionTheabovequotebySocrates,theancientGreekphilosopher,canbeconsideredasimportantacrosstheboundariesoftimeandplacewherehumanactionisevaluatedonthebasisofcomparativeknowledgeofgoodandevilthatiseverpresentinhumaninteractionsandsocietalethos.Body

• Philosophersmaintainthatthereisanintrinsicdifferencebetweengoodandevil.Theysaythatatleastsomehumanactionsareintrinsicallyevilandsomeactionsareintrinsicallygood.

• Accordingtothem,actionsthat leadahumantowardhisendaregoodandactionsthatleadahumanawayfromhisendareevil.Thereareactionsofbothkinds.Thereforesomeactionsaregoodandothersareevil,withanintrinsicdifferencebetweengoodandevil.

• Consequently, humans have an inherent distinction between good and evilwherethedefinitionsofwhatconstitutesgoodandwhatconstitutesevilmayvaryfromplace,culture,religiousperspectivebutthebasedistinctionremains,whichhelpsinhumansavoidingtheevilafteridentifyingthesame.

• Forexample,aspeopleunderstandthathavinganeco-friendlywayoflifeisthe ‘Good’whileuseof fossil fuelsandunsustainable lifestyle is ‘Evil’, thenpeopledogravitatetowardsthecleanerand‘Good’alternativeduetomultiplefactors.

• Manypointtotheuniversaljudgmentsthatsomeactionsaremorallyrightandothers are morally wrong. Many have agreed that some actions such asmurder,robberyortreacheryaremorallywrongbytheirverynature.

• Itistruethateducationandculturaldevelopmenthelpclarifyourperceptionofwhatisrightandwrong.Theyprovideabetterunderstandingofethics.But



education and cultural development alone cannot explain the universalagreementthatcertainactions,suchasmurder,aremorallyevil.

• Thereareseveralinstancesthatwhenaneventoccurstheeffectisseentobepositiveononeindividualwhilethesamehasanegativeeffectontheother.Itisdifficulttoreallyunderstandaswhatisgoodandwhatisevilorbadeither.

• Forexample,notusingfirecrackersduringDiwaliisseenbymanyasgoodduetoitspositiveeffectsonenvironmentaswellashumanhealthbutatthesametime,whentheframeofreferencechangesandweseefromtheperspectiveofmanufacturersoffirecrackers,itseemsevilastheylosetheirlivelihoodduetosomenegativeeffectsonenvironmentbutthelargercausesofpollutionandenvironmental degradation are left untouched. Seen from this angle, somepeopleareturnedintoscapegoatsforthetemporarysatisfactionofsomewithnorealtangiblebenefitsasmaincausesoftheproblemareleftuntouched.

• Infact‘Good’and‘Evil’canbesaidtobetwosidesofthesamecoin,wherethesideofthecointhatweseeistakenasanunderstandingwithrespecttoanevent,law,cultureoringeneraleveryaspectwhethermaterialistic,abstract,spiritual,etc.thatformourlifeandworldwhiletheothersideiseitherignoredorremainsunobserved.

• Thus, the above quote can also have negative connotations where whatconstitutesgoodandtheactionpursuanttoitcannotnecessarilybe‘Good’.Further,manyconsiderEvilexistsonlywithreferencetothegoodwheretheevilexistsonlyasprivation,lack,absenceofthegood.

• "Good" as opposed to "evil' is a moral evaluation, and it differs from thefunctionalevaluation.“Good"inthemoralsenseisalsoevaluativebutthattheevaluation is made corresponding to a particular "criterion" and that"criterion"iswhateverisconducivetohumanflourishing.

• Finally, the above quote is pertinent in present times of social media andgrowingfakenewswherepeopledecideuponwhatisgoodandevilbasedonfake/manipulatedfacts/analysis/data,etc.thusturningwhatmaybegoodintoanevil. Forexample, theChristchurchattacker inNZconsideredwhathe isdoingas‘good’forhiscommunitybasedoninformationthroughsocialmediaandinternet,whichmadehimidentifytheevil.Herelossoflifewastheresultofaperson’sconvictionofgoodandevil.

ConclusionInthisway,humanityhascomepasttheearlierrigidunderstandingofwhatis‘good’and ‘evil’,wheregrowing interconnectednesshasblurredthe lines formanyaboutsubjective realities where common ground regarding these realities needs to bereachedforaprosperousandstablehumanfuture.



(b)“Ideasandcreativityarethemostdangerousweaponsagainstthosewholooktosuppressfreedom.”Approach–Thequoteneedstobecommenteduponinpresentcontextwherethesuppressionoffreedomanditsrelationwithideasandcreativityistobebroughtout.Relatedconcepts:• LimitsofFreespeech• Constitutionalrights• Voltaire• Thinkers promoting Freedom for

creativity.

Keywordintheanswer:• ConstitutionalDemocracy• Freedomofexpression• Long-heldmisconceptions• Fosteringcreativeenvironment• CancelCulture

IntroductionConstitutionaldemocracyisawayoforganizingrelationsbetweengovernmentandindividualsinsidenationalstates.Itisessentiallycharacterizedbytheacceptanceofawrittenorunwrittenconstitutionthatperformsasahigherlawandguaranteesevenagainst governmental powers certain human rights that people may never bedeprivedof,suchaslife,freedom,property,equality,dueprocessandvote.FreedomofspeechisprobablythebrighteststarintheconstellationofconstitutionalrightsBody

• FreedomofexpressionisprotectedundertheIndianconstitution.Politicians,pundits,activists,andthegeneralpublicengageinvigorousdebatethroughnewspapers, television, and the Internet, including socialmedia.Successivegovernmentshavemadecommitmentstoprotectfreedomofexpression.

• When it comes to granting freedom, the key to creativity is giving peopleautonomy concerning the means—that is, concerning process—but notnecessarily the ends. Autonomy around process fosters creativity becausegiving people freedom in how they approach their work heightens theirintrinsicmotivationandsenseofownership.

• Inthelogicofthesystem,freedomofspeechfulfilscentralfunctions,suchasallowingvoterstomakeinformedchoicesinelections.Also,thankstofreedomofspeech,peoplecaninfluencepublicpolicies,andauthoritiesaresubjecttocriticismthatmayleadtotheirreplacement.Abuseofpowerandcorruptioncanbedenouncedandmaybepreventedbyfearofrevelation.

• For example, the recent beheadings in France were over the principle offreedomandtherighttooffendreligioussensibilities,whichhistoricalhadledtothedevelopmentofreasonandrationalityinthemodernworldaswellassecularism,themodernideaswhichFranceisabeaconof.

• Theconceptofdemocracy is impractical if citizensdonothave the right tospeakandlistenfreely.Distortionsofpowerarerelevant,andthechallengeisto search for alternative means of compensating them positively or givingvoiceforthosewhodoesn’thaveit.Absenceofthisleadstoriseofdictators.



• Forexample, theworldseesfrequentriseofsuchdictatorswhen ideasandcreativityaresuppressed,likeinVenezuelaorTurkeyasarecentexample.

• Thus, free speechenablesmankind to replace long-heldmisconceptions, aswellastotestandrevitalizetruthsthatwouldbe,otherwise,nomorethandeaddogmas. Inessence,asErwinChemerinskysaid,“theargument is thattruthismostlikelytoemergefromtheclashofideas”.

• Thepursuitoftruthisimportantasameansfortheprogressofhumanityandindividuals. For practical purposes, it is important to know, for example,whetherthedecisivefactorforthereductionoftheozonelayeristheburningoffossilfuelsorthedestructionofforests.

• Itisbelievablethatresponsesthataremorereliableorclosertothetruthwillbe obtained if there is room for discussion and confrontation rather thansuppressionofopinionsandinformationthatgovernmentsmightanticipateasfalse.

• Provocative and controversial art and in-your-face entertainment put ourcommitment to free speech to the test. But a free society is based on theprinciple thateachandevery individualhas the right todecidewhatartorentertainmentheorshewants--ordoesnotwant--toreceiveorcreate.

• Oncewe allow the government to censor someoneelse,we cede to it thepower to censor us, or somethingwe like. Censorship is like poison gas: apowerful weapon that can harm you when the wind shifts. Freedom ofexpressionforourselvesrequiresfreedomofexpressionforothers.Itisattheveryheartofdemocracy

• Atthesametime,recentnon-governmentalmovementslike'Cancelculture'censorship can be most dangerous for those who promote social justice.Calling on institutions to bar those with odious views on race and genderempowersthemtoalsoexcludethosechampioningequalityandprogressivechange.

ConclusionVoltaire’scommandmentwithregardstofreespeechbecomesimportantinlightofprotectingindividualrightstoideasandcreativitywhichprosperinanenvironmentwherefreedomisensuredandthushelpingeneratingavirtuouscyclefortheentirepopulationandalsofosterandarts.



Q6. A technology informed bureaucracy is the cornerstone of efficient publicadministration. Examine in the light of India’s rapid digital transformation. (150words)(10)Approach–Astraightforwardquestionwhereinyouneedtoexaminetheprospectsof technology informed bureaucracy as the cornerstone of efficient publicadministrationinlightofIndia’srapiddigitaltransformation.Relatedconcepts:• Civil services reforms as well as

training.• Digital mediums of

communicationsingovernment.• MGNREGAandAADHAAR

Keywordintheanswer:• Implementationofpolicies• Information and Communications

Technology(ICT)• ServiceEnablers• Efficiency• Humaninterface

IntroductionBureaucracyortheCivilServiceconstitutesthepermanentandprofessionalpartoftheexecutiveorganofgovernment. It isresponsiblefor implementationofpoliciesand serves as a link between the government and the peoplewhere recently it isundergoingrapiddigitaltransformationduetotechnologicaladvancements.Body

• TheadventofInformationandCommunicationTechnology(ICT)hasnurturedtheswiftemergenceofaglobalInformationSocietythatischangingthewaypeoplelive,learn,workandcommunicate.

• Further,Covid-19pandemichasrestrictedtheabilityofthepublicandpublicinstitutiontophysicallyassembleanddebatemattersofnationalimportance.Almostallofthegovernmentmachineryandpublic&privateinstitutionshavebeenbroughttohaltduetolockdownandsocialdistancingnorms.

• DigitalTechnologyhasbecomeatoolkitforthecivilservice.Theoldwaysofdoingbusinesswereabarriertounlockthefullpotentialofthesector.Nowdigitaltechnologywithinthecivilserviceisprovidingafastroutetogetjobsdonefastandcosteffective.

• Working remotely is the new normal and in this scenario. Technologicalempowerment becomes fundamental for a successful democracy. Hence,therearisestheneedforacivilservanttobetechnologicallyinformed:

1. Efficiency: Technology has become a toolkit for the civil service. Nowtechnologywithinthecivilserviceisprovidingafastroutetogetthejobdonefastandcost-effectively.Forinstance,directbenefitTransfersmainadvantageis preventing any frauds. Therefore, the beneficiary receives funds directlyfromthegovernment.Thebeneficiary’sbankaccountwilldirectlyreceivethemoney. With the help of the Aadhaar number, the identification of the



beneficiarycanbedonebetter.Itresultedinreducingcorruptioninthebenefittransferschemes.

2. Better communication: Technology has also been a significant player inimprovingcommunicationwithinthecivilserviceandbetweenthecivilservantand people. E.g. during COVID-19 pandemic, mostly all of the governmentmachineryusedcloudmeetingtoolstotaketheimportantdecisions.

3. Serviceprovidertoserviceenabler-Duetodigitaltechnologiesithasbecomea facilitatorof servicesensuring theirhassle freeoperation.Further,Onlineadministration-Onlinegrievanceredressal, financialbenefitstobank,publicadvisoryoverinternetetc.havemodifiedthewayadministrationusedtorun.

4. Abetterwaytospreadawareness:Sincedigitaltechnologyhasthecapacitytobroadcastandreachuptobillionsofpeople,itswiseusecanhelptospreadnecessary information guidelines up to the public. E.g. COVID-19 relatedimportantguidelineswerebroadcastedthroughhellotunes.

5. It also ensures transparency, accountability—while assuring quick andeffectiveresponsivenessofgovernment.E.g.GPStaggingofMGNREGSworkhasresultedinaddressingtheloopholesanddiscrepanciesoftheMGNREGSwork.ItalsoensuredtimelypaymenttotheemployedduetolinkingofAadharwithbankaccountofbeneficiary.

6. Withtheuseoftechnologyrichheritageofartandarchitecturecanalsobepreserved. E.g. several organizations have attempted to use technology tosalvagesomeofSyria’sheritagewhichwasdestroyedinamidstmiddle-eastwar.

7. Theuseof technology alsohelps to improve the agricultural income in theregion. E.g. A research based Soil health scheme helps the farmer tounderstand soil health indicators and associated descriptive terms. In turnhelpinghimtodecidewhatkindofcropcanbetaken,whatkindoffertilizerbeapplied,etc.

Thoughthecivilservantneedstobetechnologicallyinformedforthebetterdeliveryof services, there are somehurdleswhile implementing the schemeswith help oftechnology–

• The personal connect in public service delivery is being lost due to lose ofhuman to human interface, which shouldn’t become an effort towardsdistancingfromcitizenneeds.

• Many vulnerable sections like old people, aren’t aware of the newtechnologiesandarenotproficientinit,whichrisestheissueifinclusivityofthetechnology.

ConclusionOvertheyearstechnologyhaschangedthewayofworkinthegovernance.Itensuredbetterdeliveryofservicesandeffectiveimplementation.Thoughtechnologyseemstobeapanaceaforthedeliveryofservicesingovernance,therearesomelacunaswhichneeds tobeaddressed.Hence,a technologically informedcivil servant canbringamagnificentchangeinpeople’sliveswhilefulfillinghis/herconstitutionalobligation.



Q7.Inthemodernconceptionofaprogressivestate,thereisnoplaceofreligion.Doyouagree?Criticallycomment.(150words)(10)Approach– Youneed to critically commenton theaspectofplaceof religion in amodernprogressivestate.Relatedconcepts:• Variousmodelsofsecularism• IndividualrightsVsGrouprights• UniformCivilCode• Present issues with secularism

acrosstheworldlikeFrance.

Keywordintheanswer:• Secularism• Hierarchies&Oppressions• PersonalFreedom• Westernmodel& Indianmodelof

secularism• State’sroleinreligiousreform

IntroductionContemporary Western thinkers often assume that theological and politicalworldviewsarecompetingdiscourses.Religion,whenitentersthepoliticalarena,iscastasjustanotherideologyvyingforpoweraswasevidentfromtherecentterrorattacksinFrance.Buttreatingthetheologicalandthepoliticalaswarringforcesstopsusfromlookingatthemoresurprisingwaysthattheyinteractandinformeachother.Body

• Astategoverneddirectlybyapriestlyorder is called theocratic. Theocraticstates,suchasthePapalstatesofEuropeinmedievaltimesorinrecenttimestheTalibancontrolledstate,lackingseparationbetweenreligiousandpoliticalinstitutions,areknownfortheirhierarchies,andoppressions,andreluctancetoallowfreedomofreligiontomembersofotherreligiousgroups.Ifwevaluepeace,freedomandequality,religiousinstitutionsandstateinstitutionsmustbeseparated.

• Tobetrulysecular,astatemustnotonlyrefusetobetheocraticbutalsohavenoformal,legalalliancewithanyreligion.Theseparationofreligion-stateis,however, a necessary but not a sufficient ingredient of a secular state. Asecular statemust be committed toprinciples and goalswhich are at leastpartlyderivedfromnon-religioussources.Theseendsshould includepeace,religious freedom, freedom from religiously grounded oppression,discrimination and exclusion, as also inter-religious and intra-religiousequality.

• Here,WesternconceptofsecularismconsistsofthethinkingthatStateandreligionhasa separate sphereof itsown,with independent jurisdiction i.e.Mutual exclusion of state and religion, principled distance of state fromreligionandnoillegitimateintrusionofreligioninthestate.Thestatecannotaid any religious institutions. State cannot hinder the activities of religiouscommunitiesaslongastheyarewithinthebroadlimitssetupbythelawoftheland.



• Ontheotherhand,thecaseinIndiaisdifferentwhereNehrudidnotpractiseanyreligion,nordidhebelieveinGod.Butforhimsecularismdidnotmeanhostility to religion. In that senseNehruwas verydifferent fromAtaturk inTurkey.AtthesametimeNehruwasnotinfavourofacompleteseparationbetweenreligionandstate.Asecularstatecaninterfereinmattersofreligiontobringaboutsocialreform.Nehruhimselfplayedakeyroleinenactinglawsabolishingcastediscrimination,dowryandsati,andextendinglegalrightsandsocialfreedomtoIndianwomen.

• A progressive state may have multiple characteristics where growth andmodern outlook for humans and their interactions are preferred but itbecomesimportanttounderstandthatreligionalsoformsanimportantinaperson’slifewherecompleteseparationoftwomayalienatemany.

• Religion does have its drawbacks where regressive practices and doctrinesaren’t compatiblewith the doctrine of amodern progressive state but theconception of modern progressive state itself demands people be grantedindividual freedom to choose for their own. This limits the elimination ofreligionfromaprogressivestate.

• Atthesametime,itisimportanttoassesstheroleofreligioninhumansanditseffectswhereanalysingreligiononlythroughitsdrawbackscanhavemanyproblemsasreligionhasalsoessentiallybeenaforceofgoodthroughoutthehistory of humankindwhere it has provided peoplewithmoral and ethicalstandardsaswellasameaningtoleadapurposefullife.

• Denyingsucharoleofreligioninaprogressivesetupwoulditselfberegressiveapproachasspecificdiscriminationbasedoninherentonesidedanalysiscanbedangerousforthefuturegenerations.

• Further, theprogressive state can try tobringoutgoodcommonalitiesandensureilleffectsduetoreligiousdoctrinesisavoided.Inthisregard,UniformCivilCodeisanexample.ItisthecommonsetofgoverningrulesforallcitizensofIndiawhichreferstoreplacethepersonallaws(basedonreligiousscripturesandcustoms).Theselawsarewell-knownforpubliclawandcovermarriage,divorce,inheritance,adoption,andmaintenance.

• Infact,Goahasacommonfamilylaw,thusbeingtheonlyIndianstatetohaveauniformcivilcodeand1954SpecialMarriageActallowsanycitizentomarryoutsidetherealmofanyspecialreligiouspersonallaw.

• It is also evidenced that forceful negation of religion can have long termnegativeimpactsonaprogressivestateleadingtoinstabilityandcrime,whereroleofreligioninhumansocietyneedstobeacknowledgedbutbymaintainingaprincipleddistanceandalsofreeingitofitsnegativeaspects.

ConclusionInapluralisticsociety,thebestapproachtonurturesecularismistoexpandreligiousfreedomratherthanstrictlypracticingstateneutrality.Itisincumbentonustoensurevalue-educationthatmakestheyoungergenerationunderstandsandappreciatesnotonlyitsownreligioustraditionsbutalsothoseoftheotherreligionsinthecountryaswellasitsdifferencefromstateauthority.



Q8.Whatisthephilosophicalbasisofcorporatesocialresponsibility?Discuss.Whatareyourviewsonit?(150words)(10)Approach – The answer should be divided into parts where the first part shoulddiscussthephilosophicalbasisofcorporatesocialresponsibilitywhilethesecondpartshouldprovideyourviewsonit.Relatedconcepts:• Interconnectedworld• SupplyChainIntegration• Focus on profits Vs Social

Responsibility.

Keywordintheanswer:• EnvironmentalConcerns• Understandingresponsibility• Trustandpresentbusinesses• Globalization

IntroductionInpresenttimes,manyorganizationshaveembracedcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR), a philosophy in which the company’s expected actions include not onlyproducingareliableproduct,chargingafairpricewithfairprofitmargins,andpayinga fairwagetoemployees,butalsocaringfortheenvironmentandactingonothersocialconcerns.Body

• Responsibilitymeansbeingaccountabletoothersforyouractions,andbeingaccountableforthefutureingeneral.Itisanattributeofbeingswhohavethepower tomakepromises and fulfil them, i.e.who are able to “to view thefutureasthepresentandanticipateit”.

• Somepromisesarevoluntaryoroptional(signingacontract,swearingeternallove,etc.);othersarebinding(honouringasignedcontract,bringingupourchildren,etc.).Butallpromisesimplyaccountability;theymakethepromise-giverresponsiblebeforeothersforamissionandliabletosanctionintheeventoffailureorbetrayal.Ourresponsibilitiesareburdens,buttheyalsogiveushonouranddignity.

• Tosharethepresentglobalresponsibility,todemocraticallyestablishitasapromiseofco-responsibilityamongallduringthetimesofinterconnectednessandglobalisation.Thisgivesrisetothenotionof“socialresponsibility”,whichcallsforthecreationofaresponsiblesocietyinwhicheveryoneparticipates,accordingtotheirpower.

• Ifsocialresponsibilityweresimplyavoluntarycommitment,itwouldbebetternot even to call it a responsibility; responsibility implies a duty ofaccountability,adutywhichothersmaycallontheresponsiblesubjecttofulfil.

• Changingtheparadigmofbusinessphilosophyencouragesarethinkingofthebusinessactivityofenterprisesandexpandstheirresponsibilitieslimits.Withtherapiddevelopmentofglobalizationandintegrationprocesses,entitiesareobligedtoact in increasingly toughcompetitiveconditionswherequestions



likewhoshouldbe responsible for thenegative impactsofbusinesson thesociety,theenvironment,andsoonarebeingraised.

• Corporatesocialresponsibilityisaformofcorporateself-regulationintegratedinto a business model which a business monitors and ensures its activecompliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards of national orinternationalnorms.

• Theaimistoincreasedlong-termprofitsandshareholderandtrusteesthroughpositivepublicrelationsandhighethicalstandardsforreducingbusinessandlegalriskbytakingresponsibilityforcorporateactions.

• CSR strategies encourage the company to make a positive impact on theenvironment and stakeholders including consumers, employees, investors,communities,andothers.

• WhileKant constructed thebasismoral philosophy forusing anethical lawfromtheconceptofduty.Kantbeganhisethicaltheorybyarguingthattheonlyvirtuethatcannotbeunqualifiedlythegoodnessisagoodwill.Noothervirtue has this status because every other virtue can be used to achieveimmoralendsasthevirtueofloyaltyisnotgoodifoneisloyaltoanevilperson.

• Thegoodwillisuniquethatisalwaysgoodandmaintainsitsmoralvalueevenwhenitfailstoachieveitsmoralintentions.Kantregardedthegoodwillasasinglemoralprinciplewhichfreelychoosestousetheothervirtuesformoralends.

MyViews–

• Taking into consideration a number of global issues of humanity in recenttimes, the responsibility of entities to the community for their activity orinactivityisanecessaryconditionforthefunctioningwhichprovidesanumberofcompetitiveadvantagestoo.

• Inthepresentglobalizedandinterconnectedworldwherebusinessesthrivethroughtransactionswithpeopleandregionsacrosstheworldandalsothepresenceoflargemulti-nationalcorporations(MNC’s),itbecomesimportanttoensuresomeformofresponsibilityasdiscussedabove.Here,CSRprovidesforthesame.

• Alsogrowinginequalityaroundtheworld(multipleOxfamsurveyspointtoit)necessitatestheentitieswhichareearningmaximumprofitstogivebacktosocietytoimproveuponthesocietalinequalities.

• Further,suchformofobligationmadecompulsorysendsoutawrongsignalasthe essence of CSR itself involves voluntary responsibility where people’schoice becomes supreme but at the same time, rising prevalence of cronycapitalism and neoliberalism makes it necessary to ensure some form ofcomplaintmechanismforeffectivesocialjustice.

ConclusionThus,itcanbesaidthatCSRprovidesforeffectiveredressalofsomesocialissuesdueto rampant industrialisation and the increasing awareness of the same in worldaffectedbyclimatechangeandenvironmentaldegradation.



SECTION–BQ9.Thereisamassivefarmerprotestgoingoninthestatecapital.Youarepostedasthesuperintendentofpolice(SP)lookingafterlawandorder.Eventhoughtheprotestingfarmersarepeacefulintheirmethods,theyhaveblockedthebordersofthe state capital. You have received clear instructions from the ChiefMinister’sOffice(CMO)toavoidtheuseofforceonprotestors.However,youarealsogettingmultiple complaints from citizens that due to ongoing congestion on the roads,ambulances arenot able to reach critical patients andmanyhave succumbed todeathduetodelayintreatment.Whenyouapproachtheleaderoftheprotestinggroupswitharequesttoletambulancespass,herejectsyourrequest.Nowyouareinadilemma.Ifyouuseforcetodisbursethecrowd,itwillcreatealotofcontroversyandalsomaketheCMOangry.Ontheotherhand,iftheprotestorsareallowedtostopthemovementoftraffic,manymoreliveswouldbelostduetounavailabilityofquickmedicalresponsetocriticalpatients.Whatwouldbeyourcourseofactioninthissituationandwhy?Substantiate.(250Words)(20)Approach

• Writeabriefintroduction.• Brieflywritetheethicalissuesinvolvedinthecase.• Writeyourcourseofactionalongwithproperjustifications.

Keywords

• Righttoprotest• Righttolife• Righttocommute• Righttodescent

Relatedconcepts• Righttostrike• Righttoassemblepeacefully• Reasonable restriction on

fundamentalrights• Righttomobility

IntroductionThecitizens’righttoprotestisapillarofIndiandemocracy.Whilecitizensareallowedto peacefully assemble, however, protests and demonstrations sometimes adoptmethodswhichmaycausegreaterinconveniencetothefellowcitizens.BodyEthicalissuesinvolvedinthecase:

• Right toprotest of the farmer’s v/s right to life and libertyof thepatients,commutersandthecitizens.

• Insensitiveattitudeshownbythefarmersbynotallowingeventheambulance.• Forthepolicebecauseofdifficultiesinconvincingtheprotesterstheyareina

dilemmawhethertousetheforceorpeacefulmethodstocleartheprotesters.• FollowingtheorderofCMv/sdifficulties inhandlingthegroundrealitiesto

diffusetheprotesters.



Intheabovecasetheprotestingfarmersarecreatinghindrancetothepublicbynotallowingthefreemovementofthetraffic.Inademocracytheexerciseofonesrightshouldnothinderthefreedomofotherfellowcitizens.RecentlySupremeCourthasheld that public places and roads can’t be occupied indefinitely. Protests arepermissibleonlyindesignatedareas.Righttocommutecan’tbeindefinitelycurtailed.Righttoprotesthastobebalancedwithrighttocommute.Mycourseofaction:

• Identifying alternate roads for the ambulance and making them to travelthroughthatroad.Thisensuresthatpreciouslivesarenotlost.

• Approachingtheinfluentialleadersoftheprotestandtryingtopersuadethemabouttheinconveniencecreatedforthegeneralpublic.Alsotellinghimthattheymayhavetofacepublicangerandresentmentfordoingsuchanact.

• AsrecentlyproposedbythehonourableSupremeCourt,appointingmediatorstoconvincetheprotesters.

• Evenafterfollowingallthesepolitewaysofconvincingifthefarmersdonotagree to clear the roads, then strictly warning them about the legalconsequencesofsuchanact.

• Supremecourthasmadethefollowingobservations-1. Suchkindofoccupationofpublicways,whetheratthesiteinquestion

oranywhereelseforprotests,isnotacceptableandtheadministrationshould take action to keep the areas clear of encroachments orobstructions.

2. It highlighted that the State or UT administrations have the entireresponsibility topreventencroachments inpublic spacesandshouldnotwaitforcourtstopasssuitableorders.

So,Iwillactaccordingtotheaboveguidelines.ConclusionIndiandemocracyisbestservedwhencitizensfreelyexpresstheirviews,mobiliseandprotest,butdosowithoutunderminingtherightsoffellow-citizens.Thiswillhelpkeepthetrustbetweendifferingconstituenciesandenhancethelegitimacyofdissent.



Q10. As the citymayor of ametropolis, you are concerned about the status ofpollution.Winterscubbedwithvehicularandindustrialemissionshavemadetheairqualityhighlyunbreathable.SincethefestivalofDiwaliisapproaching,manycivilsocietygroupsaredemandingacompletebanonthesaleandburstingofcrackerstoensurethatpollutiondoesn’tgetworsened.Inthishighlychargedatmosphere,youarealsoreceivingthreatsfromthelocalsthatanysuchbanwouldbehurtingtheir religious feelings. They are also arguing that one day of Diwali celebrationwon’tcausemuchdamagetothealreadypollutedcity.Doyouseeanethicaldilemmainthissituation?Whatarethealternativesavailablewithyou?Whatcourseofactionwouldyoutakeandwhy?Discuss.(250words)(20)Approach

• Writeabriefintroduction.• Writetheethicalissues/ethicaldilemmainvolvedinthecase.• Writethevariousalternativesavailablewithyou.• Giveyourcourseofactionwithproperjustification.

Keywords

• Righttocelebratefestival• Righttoreligion• Article21and25• Righttolife

Relatedconcepts• Righttolivelihood• Doctrine of harmonious

construction

Introduction“Celebrationbycrackersisforhappiness;itisnottocelebratedeathsanddiseases”.The above observationmade by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) highlights theseriousnatureofthefirecrackerissueintheIndia’smetropolitans.BodyEthicalissuesinvolvedthecase:

• Righttolifev/srighttocelebration.• Protectingenvironmentv/sensuringpeople’srighttocelebrateafestival.• Completebanningofcrackersraisesthequestionabouttherighttolivelihood

ofpeoplewhoareengagedintheproductionandsaleofcrackers.• Threatsfromthepeopleaboutthereligioussentiments.• Peopletrivialattitudetowardsraisingpollutioninthecity.

AlternativesavailablewiththeMayor:1. Allowingthesaleandburstingofcrackers,asitisanissueofreligiousfeelings.

Thiswillensurethatpeoplewhoarethreateningmecanbesilenced.Thelivelihoodandotherconcernsofthepeopleinvolvedinfirecrackerindustryisprotected.However,thiswillworsentheairqualityinthecity.Thiswillalsoimpactontherightohealthyenvironmentofthecitizens.



2. Completelybanningthesaleandburstingofcrackers.Thisensuresthatairqualityisnotworsenedandalsorighttohealthyenvironmentofthecitizensisensured.Ontheothersidethefeelingsandsentimentsofsomesectionsof the citizens gets hurt. They may also indulge in protest and may target mepersonally.

3. Constitutinganexpertcommitteewhichwillinvestigatetheissueobjectivelyandsuggestmeasuresaccordingly.

Ifthecommitteesuggestsforcompletebanconsideringallthefactors,thenIwillgoaheadwithit.Ifthereissomescopetoburstthecrackers,thenallowinggreencrackersandnon-pollutingcrackerscouldbeapossibleaction.Thisensuresthatpeoplecancelebratethefestivalwithoutseriouslyharmingtheenvironment.Iftheairqualityissobadthat,thereisnoscopeforburstingthecrackers,thenIwillbanthesaleandburstingofcrackers.AsobservedbytheSupremeCourt,Article25(Righttoreligion)issubjecttoArticle21(Righttolife).Ifaparticularreligiouspracticeisthreateningthehealthandlivesofpeople,suchpracticeisnotentitledtoprotectionunderArticle25.Thus,asaMayoritismyutmostresponsibilitytoprotectthevaluablelivesandhealthoftheresidentsofthecity.InordertoaddressthelivelihoodconcernsofpeopleinvolvedincrackerindustryIwilltrytorehabilitatethemwiththeexistingschemesandprovisions.ConclusionWearesoluckytobeIndiansandhavesomanyfestivalstocelebrateandchoosefrom.Butthereisalsoaneedtodrawsomeboundariestoensurethesefestivalsareequallyjoyfulforall.Thedebateaboutfirecrackers isoftenseenfromareligious lens,andhencetheargumentsonitgetdrownedinridiculouspolarities,distractingusfromthecoreproblem.



Q11.Asataxofficerinthesearchandseizuresectionoftherevenuedepartment,youareplanninga raidona renownedbusinessman turnedpolitician. Youhaveconcreteintelligenceandyouhavedoneallthegroundworktoexposeseriousfraudscommittedbythepolitician.Sincethepoliticianbelongstothecurrentrulingparty,youhaveensuredthatyourplanremainsasecrettillthedateofraid.Infact,youhaveshiftedrelateddocumentsandfiles inyourhome.Havingdoneall thehardwork, thedayof the raid arrives.However, as youare getting ready to visit thepremiseofthepolitician,youreceiveacallfromaseniorofficialfromtheparentministrytodroptheraidimmediatelyasyourplanshavebeenrevealedtotherulingparty.Youarecompletelysurprised.Noonecouldhaveknowntheplanexceptyou.Afteralotofthinking,youconcludethatsomeonefromyourownfamilymusthaverevealed the information. When you ask your spouse about the same, he/sheinforms that your brother-in-law used to visit your home during office hours tosearchfordocumentsandevidence.Beingunemployed,hethoughtthatalertinganunsuspectingpersonaboutanimpendingraidwouldmakehimearnalotofmoney.Hemisusedyourpositiontofurtherhisplans.Whatactionwillyoutakeinthissituation?Willyousacrificethefamilialbondforthe love of your duty? Substantiate your response with the help of suitablearguments.(250words)(20)Approach-Inthiskindofquestionsgoldenmeanneedstobeachieved.Youcanstartwiththestakeholdersapproachtoanswerthisquestion.Afterthattakeaclearstanceaboutyouroperatingprocedureandstateandthereasonyouaregoingtodoit.Whileexplainingyourstanceyouneedtosubstantiateyouractionsbystatingthereasonbehindsuchaction.Relatedconcepts:

• Civilservicesvalues• EthicsinPublicadministration• Ethicalconcernsanddilemmasin

governance• HumanValues• RoleoffamilyandSociety• Integrity, Impartiality,

Nonpartisanship• Dedication to public services,

Objectivity

Keywordsintheanswer:• Ethicaldilemmas• Justice• Courage,Integrity,Objectivity• Dedicationtopublicservice• Confidentialinformation• Strictactionagainstcorruption• Principlesinlifeandjob• Dutytowardsfamily• Dutytowardsjob

IntroductionEthicaldilemmasarepartofdaytodaytolivesofacivilservant.Decisionmakinginthecontextofethicaldilemmasbecomesevenmorecriticalasacivilservantmightendupgivingjusticetoonepartandendupdoingjusticetoanother.Whenitcomesto ethical dilemma between duty and family, it becomesmore difficult for a civilservanttotakedecisions.



BodyStakeholdersinvolved:

• Measataxofficer• Politician• Seniorofficial• Spouse• Brother-in-law

Valuesandethicaldilemmainvolvedare:• Courage• Integrity• Objectivity• Dedicationtopublicservice• Humanvaluesoflove,care,empathy,compassion• Familylifevs.Dutyasacivilservant• Love,care,compassionvs.Objectivity,Dedicationtopublicservice

Thiskindofethicaldilemmaisaveryusualphenomenonwhenweconsideralifeofacivilservant.Itisnecessarytotakefollowingcourseofactiontoaddresstheissue:1)AfterunderstandingthathowthisconfidentialinformationleakedtothePoliticianandsubsequentcourseoforderfromseniorofficerIwilltakefollowingaction:

• Iwillgraballtheevidencerelatedfilesanddirectlyheadtowardstheofficetomeetthesenior.Asitbecomesmydutytotellmysuperiorsthegrimrealityofthissituation.

• AfterreachingthereIwillpresentanextracopyofevidencestomyseniorsandtellheraboutthereasonforwhichitisnecessarytotakeactionagainstsuchsuspect.

• Iwill requesther tograntmeapermissiontocontinuetheraidas Iamanethical,dutybound,objectivecivilservantwhowanttostrictlyactagainstthecorruption.IwillalsotellherthatIamthekindofapersonwhoalwaysthinksaboutmydutyfromtheprismofGandhiji's'Talisman'.

• OnceIgetthepermission,Iwillcontinuewiththeraid,asitismydutytoactasperourconstitutionalvalueofjustice.

2)AftercompletingtheraidpartIwillmoveontosolvethefamilyissue.Asmywholeliferevolvesaroundmyfamilyanddoinganyinjusticewithitwilldefinitelyharmmyfamilylifeaswellaspersonallife.

• MyfirststepofactionwillbethatIwilltakemyspouseintoconfidenceandtellher/himseriousnessofmatter.

• I will also tell my spouse that the act done by your brother has actuallyhamperedmyprinciplesinlifeandjob.Ithasalsochangedmysenior’sattitudetowardsme.

• Thekindofactdonebybrother-in-lawhasobstructedthe‘justice’;ithasalsohamperedmyworkcultureandalsohasjeopardizedmyjobsecurity.



• OnceIamdonewiththeconsultationofmyspouse,Iwillaskher/himtobeonmysideasifIlosemyjobduetoanykindofpoliticalplay,itisgoingtohamperher/hislifetoo.

• AfterthatIwillcallmybrother-in-lawtomyhomeandconveyhimthegraveactdonebyhim.IwillalsotellhimthatifyoucontinuewithsuchkindsofactsIneedtotakeastrictagainstyoubycallingPolice.

• AfterthatthebestIcandoisthatIwillaskhimwhatkindofcareerhewantstopursueandIwillsupporthimtogetsettleddownhiscareer.

Whethertosacrificethefamilialbondforloveofduty:

• Takingsuchapolarstepforonemistakeisnotagoodidea.'Insteadcorrectingthatmistakeandmakingourbondstrongershouldbethebestwayout'.

• It's not just about doing a duty towards family and job, but it's also aboutmaintainingittoo.Hence,byhelpingthebrother-in-lawtogetsettleddownin his career I am in factmaking the thingsmore right and conveying theseriousnessofcarryingoutraidtomyseniorsIhavegivenjusticetomydutytoo.

Conclusion'Ethicsisaboutknowingthedifferencebetweenwhatyouhavearighttodoandwhatisrighttodo'.SometimesextraordinarysituationsrequireextraordinaryactionsandhenceIwilltaketheabovementionedstancetogivejusticetomydutyandfamilialrelations.



Q12. You have gone to attend the engagement of a distant relative. During theceremony,thefatherofthegroomstartsmakingallegationsonthebride’sfamilyoffraud and deceit. He argues that despite promising a flat and a big car beforemarriage,thebride’sfamilyisnotfulfillingthecommitment.Thegroom’sfatherisadamantthatthemarriagewilltakeplaceonlyafterthebride’sfamilypaysthemanequivalent amount in cash. Thebride’s fatherpromises toarrange themoney incoupleofdays.Heandhissonsstartreachingouttorelativesandfriendstoborrowmoneysothatthemarriagecouldtakeplace.Sinceyoubelongtothebride’sside,youareapproachedbyherfamilytohelpthembygivingwhatevermoneyyoucould.Outraged by the audacity of the groom’s father, you try to convince the bride’sfamilytoletgoofthegreedyfamilyasthatwouldbeapatheticchoiceforthegirl.However,forthebride’sfamily,itisamatterofsocialprestigeandtheycan’taffordtoloseit.Whatarethealternativesavailabletoyouinthissituation?Willyoukeepmumandhelpthefamilyfinancially?Or,willyoutakethisissuetotheappropriateauthority?What ifbyexercising thesecondoption, thebride’s familystarts tohateyou forinterferingintheirpersonalmatters?(250words)(20)Approach – It expects students to highlight factor of dowry in marriages list outstakeholders,theirinterestandethicaldilemmas.Relatedconcepts:

• Dowrysystem• Patriarchalsystem• DowryProhibitionAct• Socialreformmovements

Keywordintheanswer:• Kanayadan• Socialprestige• Socialorchestration• Traditionalorthodoxvalues• Modernconstitutionalvalues

IntroductionDowryisanygiftincashorinkindgiventobridesinlawatthetimeofmarriage.ThishasevolvedoutofthepractiseofKanyadaanwherethebride'sfathergivescertainresources as the right of daughter in his property. Such a practise reflects strongpatriarchysocialstructureandinmoderntimesdespitebeingbannedunderDowryProhibitionActcontinuestoprevailasamatterofrightbybridegroom’ssidebasedonsocialstatus,employmentlevelsetc.BodyStakeholdersinthesituation–

• Bride’s father and brothers: Need and compulsion felt by traditional socialpracticeslikeKanyadaanbeinggivenasdowry,whichprofessontothemsuchassocialduty.Ethicaldilemma-Fulfilmentoftraditionalsocialobjectives/valuesVsacceptingnewsetofnormsModernsocialvalues.



• Myself:Helpbride’sfathertocomeoutofthisdilemma.Setgoodprecedenceforthesociety.Ethicaldilemma-Tohelpbride’sfamilyVstoinformadministration.

• Administration:Toupholdethosandmoralsofconstitutionand lawsof theland.Ethicaldilemma-ImplementationoflawsVsallowingculturalrituals/practices.

• Grooms family:Notacceptingmodernvaluesandaremaintainingorthodoxpracticesandagainstlaw.Ethicaldilemma-UpholdingorthodoxvaluesVsModernvalues.

Alternativesavailableinthissituation:

1. Helpingbride’sfatherfinancially.2. Convincingbride’sfatherandbridetoletgosuchgreedyfamily.3. Informinggroom’sfatherhowtheyareinvokingthelegalDowryProhibition

Actwhichcouldrisktheirson’sandwholefamily’sname.4. Informingauthoritiestotakeaction.5. Don’tdoanythingnotevenhelpingfinancially,convincingfatherorinforming

authorities.• Givingmoneytobride’sfather:

Merits-Cansavemarriageandsocialprestigeoffather.Demerits- Against the fundamental rights of the couple. Going against theConstitutionalethos.

• Convincingbride’sfatherandbridetoletgosuchgreedyfamily:Merits-Cantakeprideintheirprogressivevalues.Demerits- He may be criticised in his social circle and his reputation in socialhierarchymaygetjeopardised.

• Informingauthoritiestotakeaction:Merits- Meeting expectations of the constitutional values. And this will setprecedenceforotherstoo.Itwillalsomakesurethattheyabidebythelaw.Demerits-Fatherandbride’sfamilycanfacesocialorchestrationfromorthodoxyelements.Herethebride’sfathermayfaceasituationofsocialdissonanceasinIndia still traditional orthodox values persuade and influence people and alsodecidepositioninsocialhierarchy.

• Personal relationship with bride’s family if informing authorities: Can spoilrelationshipwith family. Allegations of disturbingmarriage ceremony as fatherwasfulfillingsocialobligationofKanayadan.

Indiabeingprimarilyapatriarchalsociety,suchvaluesaredeeplyingrainedinsocialstructureandarepassedonthroughsocialinstitutionslikefamilyvaluingaboymorethan girl. In such scenarios there is a disconnect betweenwhat is right or wrongdefinedbyasocietyandthatdefinedbyalaw,thatisbasedoutofwesternconceptionlikeduringsocialreformmovementsof19thcentury.Bureaucracybeingpartofthesamesocietythatfollowssuchpractices,prevalenceofcorruptionandlowconvictionratesetc.lowersconfidenceofthepublicinsuchlawsandvaluesthattheyseektoimplement.



ConclusionInculcatingprogressivevaluesrightfromchildhood,likechangingperceptiontowardsgirlsthroughacademiccurriculumchangesinschool,family,especiallymother’srolein sensitising children towards women and their role in society. Will bring socialtransformationandwomanempowerment.



Q13.YouarethepostedasaseniorofficerintheMinistryofHealth.AsthevaccineforCOVID-19isgettingproducedatalargescale,youhavebeenentrustedwiththeresponsibility of prioritizing the administration of vaccine amongst followingpopulationgroups:A. PoliticiansB. SecuritypersonnelincludingpoliceC. MedicalstaffD. ClearersandsweepersE. CollegestudentsF. OldagepeopleG. COVIDrecoveredpatientsH. GovernmentemployeesI. SchoolkidsWhatprioritywouldyousetandwhy?Discuss.(250words)(25)Approach–Itexpectsstudentstowriteaboutvaccinedistributionandhighlightonprioritizingtheadministrationofvaccineamongstthevariousgroups.Relatedconcepts:

• Prioritizing vaccination indifferentpopulationgroup.

• Distributionwithoutfavoritism.• Public service and essential

services.• Timely welfare of most needy

individuals.

Keywordintheanswer:• Objectivity• Immunity• Reciprocity• Transparency• Publictrust

IntroductionAbout30crorepeoplewillbepartofthefirst“wave”togettheCOVID-19vaccineinIndia.Theyconsistofhealthcareworkers,policepersonnel,thoseabove50andthoseyoungerwithunderlyingillnessesthatmakethemvulnerable.BodyResponsibilityoftheofficertomakecrucialdecisionsinacrisissituationevenwiththerisksinvolved.Valuesinvolved–

• NationalEquity• Publicinterest• HumanWell-Being• Reciprocity• Commitmenttopublicwelfare• Honesty• Transparency



• ObjectivityStakeholders–

• Vaccinecompany• Myself• Ministry• Differentpopulationgroup

EthicalIssuesInvolved:1.Carryingoutvaccinedistributionwithoutfavouritism.2.Dischargingdutyaccordingtoruleoflaw.3.Assuagingfearofthegeneralpublicamicably.4.Protectingthemedicalpersonnel’sdistributingvaccine.Priorityofvaccinedistribution:

1. Medicalstaff:AllhealthcareworkersingovernmentandprivatesectorswillbefirstprioritytogetCOVID-19vaccinationintheinitialphase.Onceasafeandeffective vaccine is available for health care worker it will ensure safeenvironmentforworkinginhospitalandwillgetimmunityastheyarethemainfrontline warriors in pandemic. Protecting these workers protects theavailabilityofthemostcriticalofessentialservicestotheCOVID-19pandemicresponse.

2. Security personnel including police: High-risk occupational groups includingthoseworking inpublic facingroles,suchasthose insecurityandtransportshouldalsobeincluded.ForexampleparticularlyMumbaipolicehadtillnow75 COVID death. Therefore security personnel will be 2nd priority group invaccination drive. This will maintain reciprocity value in return of theiressentialservice.

3. Cleanersandsweepers:NonhealthcarepersonnelareessentialtotheongoingCOVID-19 response and are at high risk for exposure. Essential (non-healthcare)workersconductingoperationsvitaltocritical infrastructureshouldbeincludedthirdinthelistofvaccination.

4. Old age people: Age above 60 this also includes groups at risk of severeinfection, including those with non-communicable diseases (eg, diabetes,hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular disease) they should also beprioritisedbasedonobjectivityastheycomeundermostvulnerablesectionandhavehighestdeathrate.

5. Schoolkids:Childrenshouldgethigherpriority totheextentthatthere isahighervulnerabilityandtobethebestbalanceofbenefitandriskwithtimelyvaccinationamongchildren.

6. Government employees: Government employees crucial for dailyadministrationareimportantforpublicservicesshouldbevaccinatedearly.

7. Politicians: As they are important public office bearers and essential tofosteringpublictrustandensuringthatallocationdecisionsareclearandopenforreviewandpublicengagement.Andmaintainthepoliticalcontinuityandleadershipinthecountry.



8. Collegestudents:YoungerpopulationsappeartobeatlowerriskintheCOVID-19 context. Consequently, the principle of youngest first should have lowpriorityforvaccination.Youngerpeoplemayperhapshavegreaterpriorityiftheydobecomesickandneedcriticalcareresources.

9. COVIDrecoveredpatients:Covid-19reinfectionsarethoughttoberare,butifnatural antibody levelswaneover time, itmay be possible for a person tobecome infectedmore thanonce,even if theymayhavenaturalprotectiveimmunity.

ConclusionSafe and effective vaccines for COVID-19 are needed to protect individuals frombecomingill,especiallyhealthcareprofessionalsandvulnerablepopulations,suchasolder people or those with chronic diseases. Due to the urgency posed by thepandemic,effortsareongoingtodevelopCOVID-19vaccinesinordertoapproveandmakethemavailableassoonaspossible.



Q14.Itissaidthatadoctorperformsthenoblestprofession.DoctorsareconsideredGod bymany in different parts of theworld. Youwere always attracted to thisprofessionandwantedtobecomethebestdoctorinyourareasothatyoualsocouldsavelivesandfeelgoodaboutit.Youwereluckythatyourparentssupportedyouraspirations. With their support and your hard work, you cracked the medicalentranceexamination,attendedoneof themost reputedmedical colleges in thecountryandfinallybecameadoctor.Youjoinedagovernmenthospitalanditwasnothinglessthandreamcometrueforyou.Youwerereadytoservethepeoplewithall those lifesaving skills that you had learnt in the college.Meanwhile, you gotmarriedtoabeautifulgirlandhadtwolovelykidswithher.Work-lifebalancewasgoingsmoothuntiloneday,thenewsofanewviralstrainspreadinginthesouthernmostcoastalstateofthecountrybrokeout.Thestrainwassoseverethatevenmanydoctorsandnurseshadsuccumbedtotheinfectionanddied.Thesituationhadbecomesoworsethatnodoctorwasreadytotreatthedyingpatients.Thistroubledyoualotandyoufeltthatthetimehadcometoservethepeopleinthetruestsense.Youdecidedthatyouwouldvisitthestateandrenderyourservicestotheailingpatients.However,yourparents,wifeandchildrenarestrictlyagainstthisdecision.Theyfearthatevenyouwouldgetaffectedbythevirus.Youtriedtoconvincethembytellingthemthattheforemostdutyofadoctorwastosavelivesnomatterwhatandifyoudidn’tgo,theguiltofturningyourbacktowardstheneedywouldhauntyouforever.Butyourfamilymembersaren'treadytoletyougo.Afterall,youarethesolebreadwinnerandcaretakerofthefamily.Howcantheysimplyletyoubeindanger?Theyloveyousomuchandcan’taffordtoloseyou.Now,youwereinacomplexsituationthatdemandedareasonedyetmoralactionfromyou.Whatwouldyouhavedone inthissituation?Examinethealternativesavailabletoyouandcommentontheprosandconsofeachoneofthem.Also,whichalternativeyouwouldhavechosenandwhy?(250Words)(25)Approach–Itexpectsstudentsbrieflyhighlightthegravesituationinthepresentcase,identifythestakeholder’s involvedandethicaldilemmapertainingtothecase.Also,mentiontheoptionavailabletoyou,andchoosethebestcourseofactionandgivevalidreasons.Relatedconcepts:

• Medicalethics• Publicservice• Moraldilemma• Ethicaldissonance

Keywordintheanswer:• Empathy• Compassion• Beneficence• Utilitarianism

IntroductionDoctorsdealswiththerightchoicesofconductinthefieldofhumanhealth.Itdealswiththedistinctionbetweenwhatisconsideredrightorwrongatagiventimeinagivenculture.



BodyStakeholdersinthesituation:

• Parents,wifeandchildren.• Doctor.• NationalandStategovernments.• Public.

Ethicalvaluespertainingtothecase:

• Medicalethics.• Fiduciaryresponsibility.• Empathyandcompassiontowardstheweakersection.• DedicationtoPublicService.• BeneficenceandJustice.• Constitutionalmoralityandrighttolifeandgoodhealthcare.

Moraldilemmasfaced:

• Social obligation v/s moral righteousness: Supporting family in need oradheringtoprofessionaldutyinone’sconscience.

Ethicaldilemmasinvolvedinthecase:

• Onelifevsmanylives:Itisthetoughestethicaldilemmaforanyonetochoosefromeitherpersonallifeormanylives.

• Beneficencevsjustice:Thereisethicaldilemmabetweenthetworightoptions–beneficencedoingwhatisbestfortheindividualandjusticedoingwhatismostequitableforasocietyorgroupofpatients.

Thevariousalternativesavailableare-Alternativeavailable Pros ConsNottovisitaffectedstate The fundamental right to

life for the doctor andfamilyresponsibilitieswillbeensured.Family will be underrelieved.

It will compromisecompassionandempathytowardspeople.Will create ethicaldissonance as againstmedicalethics.

Visitingaffectedstate Could prevent manydeaths and greaternumber of patients bysaving option is suitableforutilitarianism.Medical humanitarianismThe morale of otherdoctorscanbeboosted.

May not cope up withfamilypressure.Caninfluencethework.Familyresponsibilitytrustmutualunderstandingcanbecompromised.

Providing Tele medicinetreatment.

Maycontrolthesituation. Nodemeritingeneralbutit should not become a



Meeting expectations ofthefamily.Avoiding moraldissonance.Avoiding dereliction ofduty.

practiceasdoctorpatientdirect relation isimportantintreatmentinanyemergencycasealso.Unnecessary prescriptioncanfollow.

Whychoosingtelemedicinealternativeisbestinsuchsituations:

1. Allowsyoutotalktoyourpatientliveoverthephoneorvideochat.2. Mostly in virus hit area for example COVID 19 doctors do overview

examinationand talk topatientwithinPPEkits except inemergencywardswheresurgerytreatmentisrequired.

3. ScreeningforCOVID-19andtestingrecommendationswassuggestedthroughtelemedicine.

4. Allows you to send and receive messages from your patient using chatmessagingoremailandbeinconstanttouchwithpatient.

5. Allowsforremotemonitoringofpatientsandspreadsacrossdifficultterrainwithuseoftechnology.

6. Canshareknowledgeandtechniquesto treatanddiagnosevirus tovariousdoctors.

7. Avoidingonisolationorquarantineandsavingfamilyanddifferentstatesfromtransmissionofvirus.

8. Saveontraveltime/transportationcosts.9. Reducedwaittimeforservices.10. Reducednumberofvisitstoclinic.

ConclusionWithrightethicalchoices,selflessdutyandresponsibilitywecansustainourmettleand morals even against the toughest challenge to humanity, which will lay thefoundationsofprosperousandhealthyfuture.

think learn perform (tlp)+ full mock gs 4 synopsis 2021

Documents