things you only think you know about yourselftkrieshok/mu_talk.pdf · • 5,000 years ago first...

THINGS YOU ONLY THINK YOU KNOW

ABOUT YOURSELF

•  ThomasS.Krieshok,Ph.D.•  UniversityofKansas•  MUESCPClassof1982•  [email protected]•  people.ku.edu/~tkrieshok

THANKSFORINVITINGME!

•  MUPh.D.–1982

•  Fourofmymentorsandfriends•  NormGysbers

•  JoeJohnston

•  PunckyHeppner

•  MaryHeppner

WHOISTHISGUY,ANYWAY?

•  GraniteCity,IL,UI,Bradley•  1975–WorkshopwithDickBolles-WhatColorIsYourParachute?•  1978-1982–GraduateSchool-MU•  1982–KUjointappointment

–  TeachVocationalPsych,EvidenceBasedPractice,PracticaDiagnosis&Psychopathology–  DepartmentChair,TrainingDirector–  Professor-in-Residence(KU’sUCC)

–  1984LicensedPsychologist–  ConsultanttolocalVAMedicalCenters,FDIC–  SmallprivatepracticeinOverlandPark

•  Researchoncareerdecisionmaking–  Howpeople“choose”work–  Howwecanhelpfolksdothatbetter

MEMBERS OF THE A TEAM (ADAPTABILITY) OVER THE YEARS

Aaron Gates Aaron Van Gorp Abby Bjornsen-Ramig Aishah Parham Alexandra Vuyk

Amy Fowler Johnson Benjamin Rutt Brian Cole Brittany Stewart Carrie Winterowd

Cherie Oertel Chris Ebberwein Craig Beeson Craig Warlick Dan Cox

Eric Lyche Erik Clarke George Richard Jamie Kratky Jeff Rettew

Jeffrey Montolio Jennifer Sikute Wigton John Jacobson Jon Ulven Kara Wettersten

Kate Sirridge Kristin Teasdale Lynette Bikos Maggie Syme Marion Stone

Marlon Beach Mary Krogmann Mary Matzeder Meg Givens Melanie Noble

Michael Rosen Michael Black Michael Ternes Randy Withrow Rhea Owens

Rich Scott Richard Trezona Robyn McKay Sarah Sharma Brown Selby Conrad

Selby Conrad Shawn Bubany Stacy Hutton Stephanie Malozzi Thai Le

Theresa Coddington Thomas Ference Thomas Motl Traci Edwardson Callandrillo

Victoria Torres

Wendy Shoemaker William Blessing Yujia Lei

THINGSYOUONLYTHINKYOUKNOWABOUTYOURSELF

1.  You'renotevolvingasmuchasyouthink

2.  Knowthyself...not

3.  Languageisaparasitelivinginyourhead

#1.YOU'RENOTEVOLVINGASMUCHASYOUTHINK

EvolutionisaSLLLOOOOWWWWgame!

Humanshavenotevolvedmuchin50,000years

Arelativelyshortperiodoflifeonearth

LIFEONEARTH

https://waitbutwhy.com/2013/08/putting-time-in-perspective.html

ANIMALSONEARTH


HUMANSONEARTH


“MODERN”HUMANS


RECORDEDHISTORY


HUMANSHAVENOTEVOLVEDMUCHIN50,000YEARS

•  66,000,000 Dinosaursgoextinct

•  5,000,000 HomoSapienssplitsfromapes

•  200,000yearsago Consciousthoughtdevelopsinhumans*

•  50,000yearsago BehaviorallyModernHumans/language*

•  5,000yearsago Firstevidenceofwriting(350generations)

•  500yearsago Inventionoftheprintingpress(35gens)

•  155yearsago CivilWar•  80yearoldwasbornclosertothatthantotoday

•  27yearsago WorldWideWebwaslaunched

•  11yearsago FirstiPhonehitsthemarket


•  200,000yearsago:Humanconsciousnessshowsup

•  Wecanmanipulatementalconcepts•  Thoughtexperiment

•  Tokenslikebird,size,color,speed,time–past/present/future

•  Allowsforplanning•  WecanevenimagineourSELF


•  5,000yearsago:Writingshowsup•  Wecanleaveourknowledgebehind

•  350generations

•  500yearsago:Printingpress•  35generations

•  Radio–Television

•  Internet–Smartphones


•  Butthe“HumanColossus”isdevelopingexponentially

•  Whenlanguagecameintoexistence,ideas,experiencesandknowledgestartedtotransferandthenaccumulate.Hence,theHumanColossuswasborn–theanalogyofacollectiveorganismcomprisedofabillioncells,eachrepresentedbyasingleperson.(TimUrban)


•  Punchline:Theinformationprocessingdemandsonhumansareincreasingexponentially…

•  Butinhardwareandtechnologythatwasdesignedforlifeonearth50,000yearsago.

•  ItbehoovesustounderstandthelimitationsofourStoneAgeminds,livinginthispost-modernworld(Cosmides&Tooby).


•  So...playtoourancientstrengths(Ilardi)•  Workinsmallgroups

•  Getadiversearrayofdailychallenges•  Winprestigethroughsuccess

•  Getimmediatefeedback(Flow)

•  Associateyourworkwithyourlifevalues(ACT)

#2.KNOWTHYSELF...ORNOTTHE“SELF”PROBLEM

Wedon’treallyknowwhattheselfis...orwhere

Maybeacuratedselectionofmemoriesofexperiences

Problemswithmemory

Problemswithexperiences

Weimaginewehaveaself–Itfeelslikewehaveaself

KNOWTHYSELF...ORNOTTHE“KNOW”PROBLEM

•  Idealstartingpoint:Adaptable,Wise,Motivated

•  Realstartingpoint:Realhumans,withmodularbrains,languagebound,chaosavoidant,variableaccesstoresources

•  Idealenvironment:TheSavannah,closeknittribe

•  Realenvironment:Post-modernchaos,tribalprotectionism

HUMAN DESIGN ISSUES

•  Amalgam of brain systems

•  Cobbled together over time

•  To “adapt” to evolving environmental demands

SYSTEM 1 AND SYSTEM 2

•  System 1: Intuitive, non-conscious mind -related to “older” functions of the brain

•  System 2: Rational, often conscious mind -related to “newer” functions of the brain -especially language

SYSTEM 1 AND SYSTEM 2

•  The Elephant and the Rider (Haidt)

•  The elephant - System 1

•  Bargh’s ‘Wise Unconscious’

•  Makes most day to day decisions

•  The rider - System 2

•  Has some input, but not as much as we think

•  Acts as an Interpreter Module (Gazzaniga)

•  Fabricates reasons for behavior

•  Makes errors in guessing those reasons

CONSCIOUS THOUGHT IS VERY EXPENSIVE

•  Norretranders(1998)•  Onemillionthofsensoryinputprocessedconsciously

•  Pinker(1997)•  98%processedunconsciously

•  Spotlightonastage

UNCONSCIOUSDECISIONS

•  Automatic

•  Butstillusuallysatisfying

KAHNEMAN & KLEIN American Psychologist

•  Good intuitive decisions are possible •  When there are consistent learnable patterns underlying outcomes

•  But…People do not have a strong ability to distinguish correct intuitions from faulty ones

WE EXPERIENCE THE WORLD AS CONSCIOUS CHOOSERS

•  But,it’seithernotthatwayatall

•  Oratleastmuchlessconsciousauthoritythanwebelieve

ERRORSINRETRACINGOURDECISIONS

•  Tellingmorethanwecanknow(Nisbett & Wilson) •  subliminalperception

•  ordereffects(primacy,recency)

•  effectsofothers’presenceonhelping

•  Implicitbias•  Bertrand&Mullainathan2004

Koedel&Darolia2018@MU!

SOELBERG'S 1967 STUDY WITH MIT GRADS

•  We identify a 'favorite' early on

•  We engage in an 'exercise in prejudice' to ensure our favorite wins

•  We only commit once we have an adequate rationalization

WE’RE NOT SCIENTISTS WE'RE LAWYERS

•  We hold the belief we want to believe

Consciously AND non-consciously!

•  Then recruit anything we can to support it. •  Peter Ditto, UC Irvine

ANTI-INTROSPECTIVISTVIEWOFCAREERDECISIONMAKING(KRIESHOK,1998)

�  Under some circumstances, casual reflection on decisional processes can be detrimental to making good decisions

�  My favorite study of all time-The cat poster �  (Bargh & Barndollar)

THOUGHTS ON SELF-KNOWLEDGE THROUGH THE AGES

•  Knowthyself(TempletoApolloatDelphi).

•  Toknowthyselfisthefundamentalrequisite(Parsons).

•  Onlytheshallowknowthemselves(O.Wilde).

NOT DESIGNED FOR HAPPINESS

•  Humans not designed for Happiness, but Survival and Reproduction

•  The Hedonic Treadmill – Insatiable Desire We always want just a bit more wealth, status, and love Precursors to survival and reproductive likelihood Things that demonstrate to potential partners that we are indeed healthy and suitable mates

AFFECTIVE FORECASTING (WILSON & GILBERT)

•  The human mind as an experience simulator

•  We are not so adept at predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotional reactions

WANTING VS. LIKING

•  Liking depends more on System 1 and automaticity

•  Wanting depends more on System 2 •  Influenced by a history of liking

•  AND by socialization, gender proscriptions, ...

•  Subject to heuristics and errors

WANTING VS. LIKING

•  What do I want? is really: What would somebody like me want?

What should somebody with my identity want?

•  But identity is a socially constructed entity

•  It’s my story is ABOUT reality, not reality itself

There's someone in my head, but it's not me.

Pink Floyd

The heart has its reasons, that reason knows not of. Pascal

GILBERT'S EXPERIENCE SIMULATOR

•  1. Consciousness only sees a movie about reality •  This idea is used a lot in ACT

•  2. We overestimate our ability to get things done in the

future

•  3. We underestimate our resourcefulness for dealing with

obstacles

LEADS TO MISWANTING

•  We think something will make us happier than it does

•  And based on faulty assumptions, we avoid things we expect will be difficult

WE ARE UNAWARE WE DO THESE THINGS…

•  And convinced that we do not.

•  We easily generate a list of reasons for attraction to products and occupations and potential partners

•  But they are inconsistent with what we ACTUALLY rely on •  (Krieshok, et al. 1986)

SUCH LISTS

•  Atthefoundationofvirtuallyallthecomputerizedguidancesystems

•  Integraltothewaymostcareercounselorspracticewiththeirclients

"Let' sfigureoutwhat' simportanttoyouinacareer,andthengeneratealistofalternativesthatmeetthosecriteria."

MARK TWAIN:

•  It ain’t what you don't know that gets you into trouble.

•  It’s what you know for sure that ain’t so that gets you into trouble.

WANTING ≠ LIKING

•  A particular issue for the matching model

MATCHING MODEL

•  Self-knowledge –  What do you want in your work?

•  World of work knowledge –  What' s out there?

•  True reasoning (Frank Parsons) –  Match the first to the second

•  Match me to work that will bring me happiness

MATCHING MODEL

•  What I really need to match to:

–  Is not what I WANT

–  But what I’d LIKE

BUT…WANTING IS CHEAP LIKING IS EXPENSIVE

•  Wanting is cheap data •  I can just “make up” what I want

•  Liking is expensive data •  I have to develop a history of liking across domains and time

Which requires access to people and institutions

And skills to approach those people and institutions

KNOWING MY LIKES

•  Thomas Motl: Teasing out wanting & liking

•  Beforehand: Do you think you will like it? •  While you are doing it: Do you like it?

•  Tomorrow: Did you like it?

•  Ask me on an interest inventory: –  "Is this something you like / indifferent / dislike?"

GETTING TO KNOW MY LIKES

•  System 1: You have to put yourself in places where you have the opportunity to Like or To Not Like

•  System 2: You have to pay attention to what happens

•  AND you have to know that System 2 is subject to errors and distortions

•  AND you have to have access to people and places! •  A REALLY BIG PROBLEM for people with less privilege

GETTING TO KNOW ME

•  Much of what we want to know about ourselves resides outside of conscious awareness, and it is not easy to uncover.

(Tim Wilson)

•  The importance of OTHERS •  who often know us better than we know ourselves

THE CASE FOR ENGAGEMENT

•  “… taking part in behaviors that contribute to the career decision-maker's fund of information and experience.”

•  Makes both Rational & Intuitive tools more informed and less naive

THE CASE FOR ENGAGEMENT

Rationality Intuition

Informed Informed Rationality

Informed Intuition

Naive Naive Rationality

Naive Intuition

Reason System 2,

Rational System, Reflective System.

Intuition System 1, Experiential System, Reflexive System.

Engagement Activities that increase

one's fund of information

and experience.

Adaptive Career Decision-Making A state of affairs in which decision-making is

optimized through the mutual input of Reason, Intuition, and Engagement.

A Trilateral Model of Adaptive Career Decision-Making

THECASEFORENGAGEMENT

•  Engagement=Exploration+Enrichment

•  Exploration: When in the face of a transition

•  Enrichment: When no transition is imminent

EXAMPLES OF OCCUPATIONAL ENGAGEMENT

•  Studying abroad

•  Being involved in organizations

•  Talking to anyone at anytime about anything

•  Volunteering

•  Job shadowing

•  Traveling

53

ANTI-ENGAGEMENT MESSAGES STUDENTS HEAR

�  Choose a major by the time you have 45 credit hours �  You already have a good paying summer job,

�  don't take an internship that pays less �  Study Abroad will only extend your time in college �  Your school work is your job,

�  So don't volunteer or get a part time job. �  Go take that test, it will tell you what to do. �  All you can do with a history degree is teach �  The most important thing is your grades

54

#3:LANGUAGEISAPARASITELIVINGINSIDEYOURHEAD

•  Languageisthebesttoolever!

•  But...itcomeswithsomesideeffects•  insistsonseeingdichotomies

•  insistswemakesenseoftheworld

•  hateschaos!

LANGUAGESIDEEFFECTS

•  TheFundamentalAttributionError•  Others' behaviorsduetolongstandingcharacteristics(internal,stable,global)

•  Mybehaviorscanbeduetocircumstances

•  Iwanttheworldouttheretobeunchanging

•  Charitableattributions(Krieshok’swebsite)

LANGUAGESIDEEFFECTS

•  ReactanceTheory•  You’renotthebossofme

•  Ihavemymodeloftheworld

•  AndonlyIgettomesswithit!

•  MotivationalInterviewingbuilttoaddressthis

LANGUAGESIDEEFFECTS

•  Negativeslanttoour400,000dailythoughts•  Notallthoughtshaveavalence

•  Ofthosethatdo,80%arenegative–planningforsurvival

•  Broadenandbuild(Fredrickson)

•  HowtoWantWhatYouHave(TimMiller)

CHAOS

•  Thematchingmodelimpliesmorecontrolthanwereallyhave,anddistractsusfromdoingthatwhichweshouldreallybedoing(engaging).

LOGICALPOSITIVISMANDCHAOS

•  Wecanpredictarecession,buthavedifficultyexplainingwhichbusinesseswillgounder.

•  Wecanpredicta7%unemploymentrate,buthavedifficultypredictingspecificallywhichpersonswilllosejobs

APPRECIATING THE ROLE OF CHAOS IS CRITICAL

•  Make a job loss less personal

•  Make your job search less trusting that there is a fair system of job hunting

GETTING A JOB IS ALWAYS A MATTER OF BEING IN A RIGHT

PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME.

•  -There are NO exceptions to this

•  -In spite of how it looks •  or what others try to tell you

IMPLICATIONS FOR CAREER COUNSELING

•  Career Counseling clients need convincing about this

•  Hard Sell •  Invest time and energy in learning your Likes

•  Move out of your comfort zone and be engaged

•  Recognize your mind is something of a parasite

•  (and that YOU ARE NOTYOUR MIND)

IMPLICATIONS FOR CAREER COUNSELING

•  Motivational Interviewing •  I’m ambivalent about engaging in that hard work

PLANNED HAPPENSTANCE JOHN KRUMBOLTZ

•  Combinesplanfulness

withanappreciationforhappenstance•  Howmightweexploitchaosinapositiveway?

•  Howmightwelearntoembracesituations?

•  Canwecreatesuchsituations?

ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY

–  My thoughts are subject to all manner of social influence

–  My thoughts are not reality

–  My thoughts have an agenda of their own,

often not the same as the agenda I have for my life

Iusedtothinkthatthebrainwasthemostwonderfulorganinmybody.ThenIrealizedwhowastellingmethis.

EmoPhilips

EXHORTATIONTOBEAWESOME

•  Bekind•  Don'tbeajerk

•  Dogoodwork

•  Don'tbeafraidtothinkupbigideas

•  Don'tbeafraidtofail

•  Getoutsideyourcomfortzone

Feelthefearanddoitanyway(Jeffers)

AGOODSCIENTISTREMEMBERSTHREETHINGS

1.  WhatIbelieveaboutthephenomenaIamstudyingmightbewrong.

2.  WhatIbelieveaboutthephenomenaIamstudyingisprobablywrong.

3.  WhatIbelieveaboutthephenomenaIamstudyingofcourseiswrong.

Thegreatdialectic:It’sthebestwehave

anditwillbeprovenwrong

EXHORTATIONTOBEAWESOME

•  Wearriveinthemiddleofthestory,

andweleaveinthemiddleofthestory

•  Don'tbetoowedtoyourtruth.

•  Weteachwhatwebelieve

toourstudentsandtoourchildren

•  Wedon'townthekeys,we'rejustrenters.

Ifweeverreachthepointwherewethinkwethoroughlyunderstandwhoweareandwherewecamefrom,wewillhavefailed.CarlSagan

THANKS FOR INVITING ME!

QUESTIONS???

things you only think you know about yourselftkrieshok/mu_talk.pdf · • 5,000 years ago first...

Documents