Wind Power History800 – 900 years

ago in Europe140 years ago,water-pumpingwind mills

70 years ago, electric power

1400 – 1800 years ago,in the Middle East

Drag Lift

HAWT - Upwind

Bergey EXCEL, 10 kW

• Configuration: 2 or 3 blades aimed into the wind by the tail

• Blades: Fiber-reinforced plastics

• Over-Speed Protection: Furling (rotor turns out of the wind)

• Generator: Direct-drive, permanent magnet alternator (no brushes), 3-phase AC, variable-speed operation

Southwest WindpowerFlagstaff, Arizona www.windenergy.com

AIR-X400 W

Whisper 100900 W

Whisper 2001000 W

Whisper 5003 kW

Bergey WindpowerNorman, Oklahoma www.bergey.com

BWC Excel10 kW

BWC XL.11 kW

Specifications

Power Curve

Rotor Diameter: 8.2 ft (2.5 m) Rotor Area: 53 ft2 (4.9 m2) Rated Power: 1,000 W Peak Power: ~1,800 W Rated Wind Speed: 24.6 mph (11 m/s) Rated Rotor Speed: 490 RPM Start-up Wind Speed: 6.7 mph (3 m/s) Cut-in Wind Speed: 5.6 mph (2.5 m/s) Furling Wind Speed: 29 mph (13 m/s) Cut-out Wind Speed: None Max. Design Wind Speed: 120 mph

(54 m/s) Net Weight: 75 lbs (34 kgs) Shipping Weight: 95 lbs (43 kgs)

Turbine Components

Technical Features Super-strong Pultruded Blades

4 Times Stronger Than Carbon Reinforced Injection Molded Blades

Custom Airfoil – Efficient & Quiet Special Noise Reducing Blade

Treatments (trip strip and tip trim)

185 Lb Engineer(dead weight)

Technical Features AutoFurl High Wind and

Storm Protection Exceptional Low Wind Speed

Performance – Due to Airfoil & Micro-Processor Controlled Boost Circuit

20% Higher System Efficiency, Compared to the Competition

Turbine can be Safely Run Unloaded

XL.1 Installations

Value Package: 1 kW Remote.System

XL.1 Turbine $2,150

64 ft Tilt-up Tower $1,090

(4) Trojan T-105 Batteries (5.3 kWh)

$380

Xantrex DR1524 1,500 W Inverter

$1,044

Total: $4,664

Value Package: 1.2 kW Hybrid.System

XL.1 Turbine $2,150

64 ft Tilt-up Tower $1,090

200 W Tower Mounted Solar Array

$1,460

(8) Trojan T-105 Batteries (10.6 kWh)

$760

Xantrex DR1524 1,500 W Inverter

$1,044

Total: $6,504

BWC ExcelBWC Excel

BWC Excel-SBWC Excel-SAmerica’s Leading Residential Wind Turbine

Rated at 10 kW

Over 800 Installed

~ 80% Market Share in the 5 – 15 kW Size Range

Primary Turbine in the US-DOE Field Verification Program

Demonstrated to be the Most Reliable and Durable Small Wind Turbine on the Market

5 Year Warranty (Industry’s Longest)

Specifications

Power Curve

Rotor Diameter: 20.2 ft (6.2 m) Rotor Area: 320 ft2 (30.2 m2) Rated Power: 10 kW (Grid), 7.5 kW

(Battery) Peak Power: ~11 W (Grid), ~ 8.5

kW(Battery) Rated Wind Speed: 31 mph (14 m/s) Rated Rotor Speed: 300 RPM Start-up Wind Speed: 7.5 mph (3.4 m/s) Cut-in Wind Speed: 7.5 mph (3.4 m/s) Furling Wind Speed: 36 mph (16 m/s) Cut-out Wind Speed: None Max. Design Wind Speed: 120 mph

(54 m/s) Net Weight: 1,020 lbs (464 kgs) Shipping Weight: 1,250 lbs (568 kgs)

Why Only 7.5 kW for the Excel-R ? Voltage from a PM alternator will vary

linearly with speed Batteries can only operate over a

limited voltage range Therefore, without a boost converter,

the system performance (alternator windings) must be optimized for either low wind performance or high wind performance

Low wind speed performance has a bigger effect on energy production and percent of time charging

The Excel’s optimized low wind performance reduces peak power

Advanced Blades Super-strong Pultruded Blades

Much Stronger Than Molded Fiberglass or Wood Blades

New Custom Airfoil – Efficient & Quiet – No Pitch Weights

Special Noise Reducing Blade Treatments (tip trim)

BWC is the Only SmallWind Turbine CompanyThat Designs its ownAirfoils

NewBWC SH 3052Airfoil

Wide Tower Selection Guyed Lattice, 60’ – 120’ Tilt-up Guyed Lattice, 60’ –

100’ Self-Supporting Lattice, 60’ –

120’ New Guyed Towers, Standard

and Tilt-up, Designs Manufactured by BWC

Engineering Analyses

Value Package: 10 kW GridTek

Excel-S Turbine, with GridTek 10 Inverter $22,900

100’ Guyed-Lattice Tower $6,900

Tower Wiring Kit $930

Total: $30,730

Value Package: 7.5 kW Home.Sure

Excel-R/48 Turbine, with Power Center Option

$20,050

100’ Guyed-Lattice Tower, with Wiring Kit $7,830

(40) Trojan L-16 Batteries (84 kWh) $9,000

(2) Xantrex SW5548 5.5 kW Inverters (11 kW)

$8,030

Total: $44,910

Abundant Renewable EnergyNewberg, Oregon www.abundantre.com

ARE44210 kW Specifications: ARE442 Wind Turbines

         Rotor Diameter  7.2 meters (23.6 feet)

         Swept Area  41 m² (442 sq. ft.)

         Configuration  3-blade upwind with side furling

         Rated Power  10 kW

         Cut-in Wind Speed  2.5 m/s (6 mph) estimate

         Rated Wind Speed  11 m/s (25 mph)

         Alternator  Neodymium magnet, 3-phase

         Voltage Options  48V, Grid-connect

         Tower-Top Weight  1,350 lbs.

   Grid-Connect System (without batteries)

 US$ 36,000   - Includes wind turbine w/ slip rings, two (2) SMA Windy Boy 6000U (6kW) inverters, voltage clamp, and diversion load - all with 5-year warranty

Abundant Renewable EnergyNewberg, Oregon www.abundantre.com

Specifications: ARE110 Wind Turbines

         Rotor Diameter  3.6 meters (11.8 feet)

         Swept Area  10.1 m² (110 sq. ft.)

         Configuration  3-blade up-wind with side furling

         Rated Power  2.5 kW

         Cut-in Wind Speed  2.5 m/s (6 mph) estimate

         Rated Wind Speed  11 m/s (25 mph)

         Alternator  Neodymium magnet, 3-phase

         Voltage Options  48V, Grid-connect

         Tower-Top Weight  143 kg (315 lbs.)

ARE1102.5 kW

Grid-Connect System (without batteries)

 US$ 11,500  - Includes wind turbine w/ slip rings, SMA Windy Boy 2500U (2.5kW) inverter, voltage clamp, and diversion load - all with 5-year warranty

Wind Turbine Industries, Inc. Prior Lake, Minnesota www.windturbine.net

Jacobs 31-2020 kW

(also: 23-10, 23-12.5, 26-15, 26-17.5)

Estimated Annual output (kWh)

WIND SPEED: 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Kilowatt Hrs. 19727 25704 32297 39289 46468 53646 60665 67398 73743

FuhrländerLorax Energy Systems, Rhode Island www.lorax-energy.com

FL 3030 kW

FL 100100 kW

FL 250250 kW

Over-Speed Protection During High Winds

• Upward Furling: The rotor tilts back during high winds

Over-Speed Protection During High Winds

• Angle Governor: The rotor turns up and to one side

Over-Speed Protection During High Winds

• Side Furling: The rotor turns to one side under high winds

HAWT - Downwind

Proven WT600

• Configuration: 2 or 3 blades, no tail, blades face downwind

• Blades: Fiber-reinforced plastics

• Over-Speed Protection: Zebedee Furl (blade coning), tip brakes, stall regulation

• Generator: Direct-drive, permanent magnet alternator (no brushes), 3-phase AC, variable-speed operation

wind

Proven Engineering Products, Ltd.Scotland, United Kingdom www.provenenergy.comWT600

600 W

WT2500 2.5 kW WT6000

6 kW

Proven Blade Coning

• Flexible Zebedee hinge• As RPM increases, blades

are thrown outwards by centrifugal force

• Changes aerodynamic pitch

• 10-15 year hinge life

VAWT – Drag & Lift

Darrieus

• Configuration: Lift or Drag

• Drag: Anemometer, Savonius

• Lift: Darrieus, H-Darrieus

SavoniusMother Earth News

Anemometer

Savonius (S-rotor)

• Make from buckets, paddles, sails, and oil drums

• originated in Finland • tsr ≈ 1• Can be useful for grinding

grain, pumping water, and many other tasks

• …but are not good for generating electricity (low speed, high torque)

Darrieus Lift-Type Vertical-Axis Machines

• French engineer Georges Darrieus patented the design in 1931

• Plus: generator on ground, yawing not required

• Minus: low to ground, low efficiency, not self-starting, vibration, high bearing forces

Darrieus, curved blades

H-Darrieus, straight blades

Darrieus/Savonius combo

Beech Mountain Turbines

SWWPAirX400W

33 kWh/mon

SWWP Whisper

H40900W

155 kWh/mo

BergeyXL.1

1000W

185 kWh/mo

AfricanAWP3.6

1500W

362 kWh/mo

SWWP Whisper

1753000W

697 kWh/mo

Jacobs31-2020kW

3991 kWh/mo