thesis notes1
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A research proposal contains:
TITLE PAGEAPPROVAL SHEET
TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF TABLESLIST OF FIGURES
Chapter ! THE PROBLE"Bac#$ro%n& o' the St%&()incl%si*e o' rationale+
sit%ational anal(sis o' the research topic+i,portance o' the st%&(+ relate& literat%rean& o-.ecti*es o' the research st%&(/
TheoreticalConcept%al Fra,e0or# )incl%si*e o' the&e'inition o' ter,s an& research para&i$,/
State,ent o' the Pro-le, an& H(potheses+i' applica-le
Chapter 1 2ESIGN AN2 "ETHO2OLOG3Research 2esi$n an& "etho&olo$(Pop%lation an& Locale o' the St%&( )sa,plin$
&esi$n+ i' %se&/2ata Gatherin$ Tools2ata Gatherin$ Proce&%reTreat,ent o' 2ata )incl%si*e o' &%,,( ta-les/
REFERENCES
APPEN2ICES )incl%si*e o' a cop( o' the &ata $atherin$instr%,ent/
TI"E TABLETHESIS OUTLINE )in&orse& -( Collo4%i%, Pro'essor/
CHEC5LIST FOR EVALUATION
A6! THE SUB7ECT AN2 THE PROBLE") / Is it si$ni'icant an& rele*ant to the nee&s o' the
st%&ents an& o' societ(8
) / Is pro-le, clearl( &e'ine&8) / Is pro-le, appropriatel( &eli,ite&8) / Are h(pothesesass%,ptions )0hen necessar(/ clearl(
state&8) / Are ter,s to -e &e'ine& a&e4%atel( selecte&8) / Are ter,s operationall( &e'ine&8
A6 THE 2ESIGN OF THE STU23
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) / Is it '%ll( &escri-e&8) / Is &esi$n appropriate to the nat%re o' the pro-le, an&
its e9pecte& sol%tion8) / Is proposal clearl( 0ritten8) / Is proposal lo$icall( or$anie&8
) / Are &oc%,entation a&e4%ate an& appropriate8) / 2oes the tone re'lect researcher;s o-.ecti*it( an&scienti'ic attit%&e8
A. 1 REVIE< OF LITERATURE) / Is there e*i&ence that research has e9ha%ste& the literat%re on the s%-.ect8) / 2oes the researcher relate the literat%re to hisher st%&(8) / 2oes the re*ie0 incl%&e the present state o' the
pro-le,8
B6 THE "ETHO2OLOG3!6 For -eha*ioral an& e9peri,entalscienti'ic st%&ies) / Is the tar$et pop%lation &escri-e&8) / Is the ,etho& o' sa,plin$ appropriate8) / Is the sa,ple a&e4%ate8) / Are &ata=$atherin$ proce&%res correctl( &escri-e&8
16 For critical an& creati*e st%&ies) / 2oes the 0or# &e,onstrate critical insi$hts an& hi$h
stan&ar&s o' scholarship8) / For creati*e thesis+ &oes the 0or# &e,onstrate
pro'essionalis,8
CO""ENTSRE"AR5SSUGGESTIONS
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THESIS TITLE TO BE TYPED USING
ALL CAPITAL LETTERS IN A PYRAMIDAL FORM
A Thesis Proposal2issertation Proposal Presente& to
the Fac%lt( o' the Gra&%ate Pro$ra,
Colle$e o' >>>>>>>>>>>>>
Uni*ersit( o' the Cor&illeras
In Partial F%l'ill,ent
o' the Re4%ire,ents 'or the 2e$ree
SPECIF3 THE ACA2E"IC PROGRA" BEING PURSUE2 IN FULL CAPS
-(
FIRST NA"E "I22LE NA"E FA"IL3 NA"E
"onth an& 3ear o' the &e'ense
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGE
TITLE PAGE 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
APPROVAL SHEET 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
TABLE OF CONTENTS 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
LIST OF TABLES 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
LIST OF FIGURES 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
CHAPTER
! THE PROBLE"
Bac#$ro%n& o' the St%&( 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
TheoreticalConcept%al Fra,e0or# 6 6 6 6
State,ent o' the Pro-le, an& H(potheses 6
1 2ESIGN AN2 "ETHO2OLOG3
Research 2esi$n an& "etho&olo$( 6 6 6 6 6
Pop%lation an& Locale o' the St%&( 6 6 6 6
2ata Gatherin$ Tools 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
2ata Gatherin$ Proce&%re 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Treat,ent o' 2ata 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
REFERENCES 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
APPEN2ICES
A 9999999999999 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
B 99999999999999999 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
C 9999999999999 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
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LIST OF TABLES
Ta-le No6 Ta-le Title Pa$e
! 999999999999999 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
1 99999999 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
? 999999999999999999 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
@ 999999999999999999 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
9999999999999999 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
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LIST OF FIGURES
Fi$%re No6 Fi$%re Title Pa$e
! 9999999999 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
1 999999999999 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
? 9999999999999999 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
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Chapter !
THE PROBLEM
Background of t! Stud"
The -ac#$ro%n& o' the st%&( $i*es an o*er*ie0 o' 0hat
the research is all a-o%t6 This part o' the research st%&(
presents a sit%ational anal(sis o' the topic at han&+
partic%larl( $i*in$ clear $lo-al+ national+ re$ional an&
local scenarios6 Iss%es+ contra&ictor( res%lts+ reactions+ as
0ell as contro*ersies a-o%t the chosen topic 0ill ha*e to -e
&isc%sse& '%ll( pro*i&in$ scienti'ic reasons 'or the
nee& to %n&erta#e a research on the topic6 Citations are
nee&e& in this part o' the thesis&issertation6
In a&&ition+ the &isc%ssion sho%l& -e &one *er(
thoro%$hl(+ in&icatin$ the rationale an& o-.ecti*es o' the
research st%&(6
This portion o' the research st%&( sho%l& clearl(
in&icate its 0h( aspect in or&er to '%ll( esta-lish the
nee& 'or the st%&(6 It is at this portion o' the paper that the
re*ie0 o' literat%re has to -e ,entione&6 The literat%res shall
stren$then the nee& to con&%ct the st%&(6 It is -est to %se
literat%res 0ithin the past !D (ears6 7o%rnals+ theses+
&issertations+ ,a$aines+ ne0spapers+ speeches an& other
p%-lications are *er( $oo& so%rces6
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In the &e*elop,ent o' i&eas an& presentation o' 'acts+
the i,portance o' the st%&( has to -e state& speci'(in$ the
-ene'iciaries o' the research6 In e*er( para$raph+ the
researcher sho%l& -e a-le to i&enti'( those 0ho 0ill -ene'it
'ro, the 0or# an& ho0 each o' the, 0ill -ene'it 'ro, it6
Ta#e note ho0e*er+ that there are no si&e hea&in$s
%se& 'or i,portance o' the st%&(+ o-.ecti*es+ an& re*ie0
o' literat%re6 All these are inte$rate& into the &isc%ssion
an& presentation o' the -ac#$ro%n& o' the st%&(6
In&ention sho%l& al0a(s -e 'i*e spaces6 The 'irst
character o' the 'irst 0or& sho%l& -e t(pe& on the si9th
space6
T!or!t#ca$%Conc!&tua$ Fra'!(ork
This portion o' the paper has to 'ollo0re'lect the
the,atic or$aniation or approach o' all theories
s%pportin$ the research st%&(6 As &escri-e&+ the
theoretical 'ra,e0or# is a lo$ical an& s(ste,atic
presentation o' the theories that len& s%pport to the topic
at han&6 Onl( theories rele*ant to each o' the research
pro-le,s are &isc%sse&6 It is a&*isa-le to %se center
an& si&e hea&in$s+ or e*en para$raph hea&in$s 0hene*er
necessar(6 This portion is *er( i,portant -eca%se the
theories shall help in the interpretation o' the research
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'in&in$s6
In a&&ition to the theories+ concepts ha*e to -e
presente&6 It is at this portion o' the paper that
ter,s %se& 0ill ha*e to -e &e'ine&6 The &e'inition o' ter,s
-eco,es part o' the entire theoretical 'ra,e0or#6 As a ter, is
,entione&+ it has to -e &e'ine& in its operational &i,ension6
Note that there is no si&e hea&in$ 'or &e'inition o' ter,s6 The
ter,s are incorporate& in the &isc%ssion o' the theories -ein$
%se&6 The three t(pes o' hea&in$s are ill%strate& -elo0:
CENTER HEADING
The center hea&in$ is a &isc%ssion o' the ,ain concept6
S#d! H!ad#ng
9999 9999999 99999999 9999999 999999 999999999999
99999999 99999999 99996 999999999999 9999999999999
9999999999 999999999999 9999999999 999996 999999 99999
9999999 999999 99999999 9999999999 999999999 99999999999
999999999 999999999 9999 9996
Para$raph hea&in$6 999999999999 9999999 99999999
99999999999 996 9999 9999 999999 999 99999999 99999999
99999999 99999999 999996
Stat!'!nt of t! Pro)$!' and H"&ot!*!*
The ,ain pro-le, is presente& 'irst in one para$raph
%sin$ a &eclarati*e sentence6
This is 'ollo0e& -( the speci'ic pro-le,s+ 0ith an
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The Pro-le,
#
intro&%ctor( sentence an& n%,-ere&6 All speci'ic research
pro-le,s are in interro$ati*e sentences6
E*er( research h(pothesis is presente& correspon&in$ to
its research pro-le,6 Onl( speci'ic pro-le,s shall ha*e their
respecti*e h(pothesis6 The h(pothesis 'or each research
pro-le, shall state an ans0er to each6 At ti,es+ &epen&in$
on the nat%re o' the research 0or#+ a h(pothesis ,a( not -e
applica-le6 Ta#e note that there is no n%ll h(pothesis in
this part o' the research6 All n%ll h(potheses are place& in
Chapter 1 %n&er treat,ent o' &ata6
An e9a,ple is pro*i&e& -elo0:
The ,ain ai, o' this st%&( 0ill -e to 'in& o%t 0hether or
not a si$ni'icant correlation e9ists -et0een *al%es an&
teachin$ st(les o' 'ac%lt( ,e,-ers in teacher e&%cation
instit%tions in the Cit( o' Ba$%io6
Speci'icall(+ it see#s to ans0er the 'ollo0in$
4%estions:
!6
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The Pro-le,
,o&eratin$ *aria-les o': $en&er a$e e&%cational attain,ent
n%,-er o' (ears o' teachin$ e9perience teachin$ stat%s
teachin$ classi'ications an& s%-.ect assi$n,ent 8
H(pothesis: The ,ost pre'erre& an& ,ost practice&
instr%,ental *al%e is -ein$ lo*in$ 0hile the ter,inal *al%e
is sal*ation6
a+ Instr%,ental *al%es &eter,ine the ter,inal *al%e
to a $reat e9tent6
)+ Instr%,ental an& ter,inal *al%es si$ni'icantl( *ar(
accor&in$ to the ,o&eratin$ *aria-les o': $en&er a$e
e&%cational attain,ent n%,-er o' (ears o' teachin$ e9perience
teachin$ stat%s teachin$ classi'ications an& s%-.ect
assi$n,ent6
16
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The Pro-le,
-6 instr%,ental an& ter,inal *al%es an& teachin$
st(les8
H(pothesis: There is a hi$h positi*e correlation -et0een:
a6 ,o&eratin$ *aria-les an& respon&ents;
instr%,ental an& ter,inal *al%es6
-6 instr%,ental an& ter,inal *al%es an&
teachin$ st(les6
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Chapter 1
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
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2esi$n an& "etho&olo$(
In the narrati*e &escription o' the respon&ents+ speci'(
the reasons that the( 0ere chosen6 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Total
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Total>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Data Gat!r#ng Too$
Present a narrati*e &escription o' the &ata $atherin$
instr%,ent6 The &escription is 'oc%se& on the #in& o' ite,s
in the instr%,ent+ ho0 ite,s are ans0ere&+ an& ho0 it 0as
constr%cte&6 Be *er( clear on the -asis-ases o' the
ite,s o' the instr%,ent+ -e it a 4%estionnaire+ o-ser*ation
$%i&e+ or inter*ie0 sche&%le6 The *ali&ation process has to
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2esi$n an& "etho&olo$(
-e e9plaine& thoro%$hl(+ 0hene*er applica-le6 It is 0orth
,entionin$ the instr%,ent;s relia-ilit( an& *ali&it(
coe''icients an& the t(pe o' *ali&it( an& relia-ilit( %se&6
In case the &ata $atherin$ instr%,ent 0as not
constr%cte&+ -%t is a rea&(=,a&e tool+ li#e a ratin$
scale or a ps(cholo$ical test+ it is still necessar( to
,ention its relia-ilit( an& *ali&it( le*els an& the processes
%n&erta#en -( the a%thor6 Proper citation a-o%t the a%thor is
e9pecte&6
Appen& a cop( o' the instr%,ent in the appen&i9 portion6
Data Gat!r#ng Proc!dur!
Gi*e a narrati*e &escription on the steps %n&erta#en in &ata
$atherin$6 The &isc%ssion sho%l& incl%&e the speci'ics o' the
proce&%res o' the entire research process6
Tr!at'!nt of Data
For 4%antitati*e research+ all statistical tools ha*e to
-e presente& incl%&in$ ho0 these 0ere %se& an& their
'or,%lae6 Han&=in=han& 0ith the statistical tools are the
correspon&in$ n%ll h(potheses+ i' these 0ere the -ases in the
anal(sis o' the 'in&in$s6
An intro&%ctor( sentence o' the chapter is ,a&e -e'ore
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the e9planation on treat,ent o' &ata6
An e9a,ple o' a statistical tool is 'o%n& -elo0:
ANOVA6 This 0as %se& to test the n%ll h(pothesis 0hich
states that there is no si$ni'icant correlation 9999999 99999
9999999 99999999 9999996
There is no nee& to p%t the 'or,%la o' the statistical
tools pro*i&e& these are the co,,on ones6
All scales o' ,eas%re o' research *aria-les ha*e to -e
place& %n&er this part o' the ,an%script6
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Ta-le @
Instr%,ental Val%es Ran#e& -(
the Respon&entsJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJInstr%,entalVal%es
Practice& Pre'erre& Ran#&i''erence
Total Ran# Total Ran#Ran#s Ran#s 2 21
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJa,-itio%s K1D K1M D D
-roa&,in&e& MK @ @K M =1 @
capa-le D! =1 @
cheer'%l K !? ? !M =?
clean K@K !! K! !@ =?
co%ra$eo%s K@? !D K?@ !1 =1 @
'or$i*in$ K1 ! 1 @
help'%l K!M K K K D D
honest K? ! !M ! D D
i,a$inati*e !D1 !K !!? !K D D
in&epen&ent K !1 KKK !? =! !
intellect%al !! !@6 KM! !! ?6 !16!
lo$ical !! !@6 1@ ! D6 D61
lo*in$ MK ? M? ? D D
o-e&ient @M !M KM !1 D D
polite M ! ?K ! D D
responsi-le M1 1 M@K 1 D D
sel'=controlle& @ M DK @ 1 @
==================2 J =! E21 J M6
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RULES ON THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION,APA- FORMAT AND STYLE
The 'ollo0in$ ha*e -een c%lle& 'ro, ,aterials that re'lect
the 'or,at an& st(le o' the A,erican Ps(cholo$ical Association
)APA/%se& as re'erence in aca&e,ic research papers6
S&ac#ng
The APA For,at an& St(le o-ser*es &o%-le space
thro%$ho%t the te9t6
Space once a'ter colon+ co,,a+ se,icolon+ a'ter perio&s that
separate parts o' re'erence citations+ a'ter perio&s o' the
initials o' personal na,es6
Hand$#ng .uotat#on* In t! T!/t
Follo0 the a%thor=&ate ,etho& o' in=te9t citation6 This ,eans
that the a%thors last na,e an& the (ear o' p%-lication 'or the
so%rce sho%l& appear in the te9t+ an& a co,plete re'erence sho%l&
appear in the re'erence list at the en& o' the paper6
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Accor&in$ to 7ones )!K/+ St%&ents o'ten ha& &i''ic%lt( %sin$
APA st(le+ especiall( 0hen it 0as their 'irst ti,e )p6 !/6
7ones )!K/ 'o%n& st%&ents o'ten ha& &i''ic%lt( %sin$ APA
st(le )p6 !/ 0hat i,plications &oes this ha*e 'or teachers8
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Coo*#ng dou)$! or *#ng$! 0uotat#on 'ark*
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Ca,-ri&$e+ U5: Ca,-ri&$e Uni*ersit( Press6
Bern&t+ T6 76 )1DD1/6 Frien&ship 4%alit( an& social &e*elop,ent6
C%rrent 2irections in Ps(cholo$ical Science+ !!+ =!D6
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the last na,e o' the secon& a%thor+ or the last na,e o' thethir& i' the 'irst an& secon& a%thors are the sa,e6
For e9a,ple:
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A%thor+ A6 A6+ A%thor+ B6 B6+ Q A%thor+ C6 C6 )3ear/6 Title o'
article6 Title o' perio&ical+ *ol%,e n%,-er+ pa$es6
NOTE:
For a ,a$aine or ne0spaper article+ incl%&e speci'icp%-lication &ates ),onth an& &a(+ i' applica-le/ as 0ell as the(ear6 For a .o%rnal article+ &o NOT incl%&e the ,onth or &a( o'p%-lication6
List onl( the *ol%,e n%,-er i' the perio&ical %sescontin%o%s pa$ination thro%$ho%t a partic%lar *ol%,e6 I' eachiss%e -e$ins 0ith pa$e !+ then list the iss%e n%,-er as 0ell:Title o' Perio&ical+ Vol%,en%,-er)Iss%e n%,-er/+ pa$es6 Note
that the iss%e n%,-er is not %n&erline&6 I' the .o%rnal &oes not%se *ol%,e n%,-ers+ %se the ,onth+ season+ or other &esi$nation0ithin the (ear to &esi$nate the speci'ic .o%rnal article6
A nonperio&ical )e6$6+ -oo#+ report+ -roch%re+ ora%&io*is%al ,e&ia/
A%thor+ A6 A6 )3ear o' p%-lication/6 Title o' 0or#: Capital
letter also 'or s%-title6 Location: P%-lisher6
NOTE:
For Location+ al0a(s list the cit(+ -%t (o% sho%l& alsoincl%&e the state i' the cit( is %n'a,iliar or i' the cit( co%l&-e con'%se& 0ith one in another state6
Part o' a nonperio&ical )e6$6+ a -oo# chapter or an articlein a collection/
A%thor+ A6 A6+ Q A%thor+ B6 B6 )3ear o' p%-lication/6 Title o'
chapter6 In A6 E&itor Q B6 E&itor )E&s6/+Title o' -oo#
)pa$es o' chapter/6 Location: P%-lisher6
NOTE:
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Ba*#c For'* for E$!ctron#c ,Int!rn!t- Sourc!*
Article in an Internet Perio&ical
A%thor+ A6 A6+ Q A%thor+ B6 B6 )2ate o' p%-lication/6 Title o'
article6 Title o' .o%rnal+ *ol%,e n%,-er)iss%e n%,-er i'
a*aila-le/6 Retrie*e& ,onth &a(+ (ear+ 'ro, http:
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I' a ,o*ie or *i&eo tape is not a*aila-le in 0i&e&istri-%tion+ a&& the 'ollo0in$ to (o%r citation a'ter theco%ntr( o' ori$in: )A*aila-le 'ro, 2istri-%tor na,e+ '%ll a&&ressan& ip co&e/6
A Tele*ision Broa&cast or Tele*ision Series
Pro&%cer+ P6 P6 )Pro&%cer/6 )2ate o' -roa&cast or cop(ri$ht/6
Title of broadcast Tele*ision -roa&cast or Tele*ision
series6 Cit( o' ori$in: St%&io or &istri-%tor6
A Sin$le Episo&e o' a Tele*ision Series
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Harlo0+ H6 F6 )!K?/6 F%n&a,entals 'or preparin$ ps(cholo$(
.o%rnal articles6 7o%rnal o' Co,parati*e an& Ph(siolo$ical
Ps(cholo$(+ + K?=KM6
2ourna$ art#c$!3 tr!! to *#/ autor*
5ernis+ "6 H6+ Cornell+ 26 P6+ S%n+ C6 R6+ Berr(+ A6+ Q Harlo0+
T6 )!?/6 Theres ,ore to sel'=estee, than 0hether it is
hi$h or lo0: The i,portance o' sta-ilit( o' sel'=estee,6
7o%rnal o' Personalit( an& Social Ps(cholo$(+ M+ !!D=!1D@6
2ourna$ art#c$!3 'or! tan *#/ autor*
Harris+ "6+ 5arper+ E6+ Stac#s+ G6+ Ho'',an+ 26+ 2eNiro+ R6+
Cr%+ P6+ et al6 )1DD!/6
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Coltheart et al6 re'erence in the Re'erences6 In the te9t+ %sethe 'ollo0in$ citation:
In Sei&en-er$ an& "cClellan&s st%&( )as cite& in Coltheart+
C%rtis+ At#ins+ Q Haller+ !?/+666
Maga5#n! art#c$!3 on! autor
Henr(+
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"erria,=
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NOTE:
I' onl( the screen na,e is a*aila-le 'or the a%thor+ then%se the screen na,e ho0e*er+ i' the a%thor pro*i&es a real na,e+%se their real na,e instea&6 Be s%re to pro*i&e the e9act &ate o'the postin$6 Follo0 the &ate 0ith the s%-.ect line+ the threado'
the ,essa$e )not %n&erline&/6 Pro*i&e an( i&enti'iers in -rac#etsa'ter the title+ as in other t(pes o' re'erences6
A Mot#on P#ctur! or 7#d!o Ta&!
0ith international or national a*aila-ilit(
S,ith+ 7626 )Pro&%cer/+ Q S,ithee+ A6F6 )2irector/6 )1DD!/6
Reall( Bi$ 2isaster "o*ie "otion pict%re6 Unite& States:
Para,o%nt Pict%res6
A Mot#on P#ctur! or 7#d!o Ta&!
(#t $#'#t!d a1a#$a)#$#t" Harris+ "6 )Pro&%cer/+ Q T%rle(+ "6 76)2irector/6 )1DD1/6
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A 'u*#c r!cord#ng
Ta%pin+ B6 )!/6 So,eone sa*e& ,( li'e toni$ht Recor&e& -(Elton 7ohn6 On Captain 'antastic an&the -ro0n &irt
co0-o( C26 Lon&on: Bi$ Pi$ "%sic
Li,ite&6
A Not! on Not!*
Beca%se lon$ e9planator( notes can -e &istractin$ to rea&ers+ APAst(le $%i&elines reco,,en& the %se o' en¬es'ootnotes6 In thete9t+ place a s%perscript n%,eral i,,e&iatel( a'ter the te9t
a-o%t 0hich (o% 0o%l& li#e to incl%&e ,ore in'or,ation )e6$6+Scientists e9a,ine& the 'ossilie& re,ains o' the 0ool(=0ool((a#6!/ N%,-er the notes consec%ti*el( in the or&er the( appear in(o%r paper6 At the en& o' the paper+ create a separate pa$ela-ele& Notes )0ith the title centere& at the top o' the pa$e/6Belo0 are e9a,ples o' t0o #in&s o' notes6
E1a$uat#1! )#)$#ograc co''!nt*
!See Blac#,%r )!/+ especiall( chapters three an& 'o%r+ 'or aninsi$ht'%l anal(sis o' this e9traor&inar( ani,al61 On the pro-le,s relate& to (a#s+ see
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