islamiyat studies - notes1

8/12/2019 islamiyat studies - Notes1

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Himself

Relationshipwith HisCreation

Relationshipwith His

Messengers

We shall studythree

basic themesof the

Quranicverses


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LETS BEGIN THE

QURANIC PASSAGES


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Surah Al-Fatiha 1:1-7In the name of Allah,

most Gracious, most

Merciful.Praise be to Allah, the

Lord of the Worlds,Most Gracious, most

Merciful,

Master of the Day ofJudgment.You alone we worship,

and Your aid we seek.Show us the straight

way,The way of those on

whom You havebestowed Your Grace,

those whose portion isnot wrath, and who go

not astray.


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Surah Al-Fatiha 1:1-7

In the name of Allah, mostGracious, most Merciful.

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of theWorlds,

Most Gracious, most Merciful,

Master of the Day of Judgment.You alone we worship, and Your

aid we seek.Show us the straight way,The way of those on whom You

have bestowed Your Grace,those whose portion is not wrath,

and who go not astray.

REL

A

TIONSHIP


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The Main Theme(s)1. This is the opening Surah of the Quran and it covers

a variety of themes in its text2. It begins by introducing Allah and His Powers by

glorifying His praise, announcing that He sustainseverything, declaring His colossal mercy, and thebelief in Hereafter

3. It further highlights the two basic features ofTauheed.

4. Firstly, that the focus of all forms of worship shallonly be for Allah and Him alone. Secondly, that weshould only ask Allah for help

5. Failing these two would mean committing an

unforgiveable sin, Shirk.6. The Surah ends by teaching a Dua for guidance

from Allah of the straight path which is the path ofthe Prophets and all pious people.

7. It also asks us to invoke Him to protect us fromgoing astray.


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The Presentation of the Theme1. The Surah Fatiha presents a multitude of themes in

a very distinctive manner from most other passagesof the Holy Quran because it in covers so manysubjects in just seven short sentences.

2. Unlike many other Surahs that present differentarguments, it simply presents the outlines of allbasic Quranic themes

3. These include the attributes of Allah, Tauheed,Allahs relationship with mankind, articles of faithand following the path of Guidance

4. Many scholars call Surah Fatiha the preface orintroduction of the Holy Quran

5. It is also called the seven oft repeated verses inthe Quran as it is recited in every rakah of Salah byall Muslims.

6. Repeated recital ensures that Quranic principlesbecome deeply ingrained in a Muslims mind


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Comparison Between (i) & (ii)

PART (I) MAINTHEME

Themes

MeaningsContent Teachings

PART (II) PRESENTATION

OF THEME

How themes havebeen presented

by Allah to makepeopleunderstand them

How this passage

is different fromother similarpassages


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Surah Baqara 2: 21-22

21. O people! Adore your Guardian-Lord, who created youand those who came before you, so that you may havethe chance to learn righteousness

22. Who has made the earth your couch, and the heavensyour canopy; and sent down rain from the heavens; andby it brought forth fruits for your sustenance; then donot set up rivals to Allah, when you know.


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21. O people! Adore yourGuardian-Lord, whocreated you and thosewho came before you, sothat you may have thechance to learnrighteousness

22. Who has made the earthyour couch, and theheavens your canopy; andsent down rain from the

heavens; and by it broughtforth fruits for yoursustenance; then do notset up rivals to Allah,

when you know.

REL

ATIONS

HIP


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The Main Theme(s)1. The main theme of these verses is to help a

person understand the relationship of Allahwith humans.

2. It stresses that Allah is the Creator of allpeoples, past and present.

3. Also it is He who had created the heavensand the earth, it is He who sends down therain that produces fruit; all these He hasdone for mankind

4. Hence, it directs us that keeping thesebounties of Allah in mind, we shouldworship Him alone, and that is the path topiety.


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The Presentation of the Theme1. The distinctive theme of this passage is that it

encourages us to recognize Allah through Hisbounties.

2. The Quran says, No vision can grasp Him, but Hisgrasp is over all visions (Surah Al Anaam: 103).

3. As we cannot see Him, therefore it is through Hisbounties that we may recognize Allah and see HisHand in all matters

4. We are repeatedly reminded by the Quran toworship Allah alone and not to commit Shirk withHim, but in this particular passage it explains this by

reminding us of His unlimited bounties and blessingsthat He sends down upon us5. This appreciation and gratitude leads us to the path

of righteousness.


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Surah Al Alaq 96; 1-5

1. Read! in the name of your Lord, who created2. Created man out of a clot of congealed blood3.Proclaim! And your Lord is most bountiful4. He who taught by the pen5. Taught man what he did not know.


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1. Read! in the nameof your Lord, who

created2. Created man out

of a clot ofcongealed blood

3.Proclaim! Andyour Lord is mostbountiful

4. He who taught bythe pen

5. Taught man what

he did not know.

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ATIONS

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The Main

Theme(s)

(I)

Teachings Lessons Beliefs Theme

(II)

How does the Quranexplain it What examples etc it uses How similar themes are

mentioned in the HQ Example from the Quran

or the Ahadith

The Presentation

of the Theme


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The Main Theme(s)1. This is part of the first ever revelation sent

to the Prophet2. It mentions two of Allah's most important

attributes and these arei. His creating man

ii. bestowing knowledge upon him3. Man has been asked by Allah to

acknowledge His great favours that makeman superior to all other creations

4. Allah perfected man through variousstages of development

5. and enabled him to read and write with thehelp of pen.


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The Presentation of the Theme

These verses present the nature ofthe relationship of man with Allahby teaching him that He created,shaped, and taught himKnowledge

While these verses do not directlyask man to worship Allah as inSurah Baqara where afterreminding of Allahs favours, man

is ordered to worship Him only. It presents the above facts beforeman with the purpose of makinghim recognize Him.


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Surah ZilZal 99; 1-8

1. When the earth is shaken to her utmost convulsion,2. And the earth throws up her burdens3. And man cries out: 'What is the matter with her?4. On that day will she declare her tidings5. For that your Lord will have given her inspiration6. On that day will men proceed in companies sorted out, to

be shown their deeds7. Then shall anyone who has done an atom's weight of good

see it8. And anyone who has done an atom's weight of evil shall

see it.


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1. When the earth is shaken toher utmost convulsion,

2. And the earth throws up herburdens

3. And man cries out: 'What isthe matter with her?

4. On that day will she declareher tidings

5. For that your Lord will havegiven her inspiration6. On that day will men proceed

in companies sorted out, to beshown their deeds

7. Then shall anyone who hasdone an atom's weight of goodsee it

8. And anyone who has done anatom's weight of evil shall seeit.

REL

ATIONS

HIP


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The Main Theme(s)

The main theme contained inthis Surah are four

1.The fact that Allah is Master

of the Day of Judgment2. Allah records all deeds3.Allah will evaluate every

individual based on their

actions4.Allah will reward or punish

even the smallest of deeds.


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1. While describing the relationship with themankind, Allah tells them that this life is atemporary and it will end with theunimaginable earthquake

2. The surah distinctly highlights the relationshipof Allah with mankind by making it clear thatDay of Judgment will be a day of justice foreveryone.

3. Other Surahs of the Quran also tell usregarding the Day of Judgment, but this Surah

is different as it is one of the shortest Surah onthis Subject

4. E.g., Surah Waqiah has a similar theme butpresents lengthy details about the same

theme.


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Key Features of Allahs

relationship with His creation1. He is most Gracious& Merciful.

2. All Praise is due toAllah

3. He is the Lord of theWorlds,4. Master of the Day of

Judgment5. Will reward / punish

as per deeds6. Only He is to be

worshipped7. He is to be feared

8. He grants Guidance9. Those who follow

guidance get Grace10. Those who dont,

earn His anger11. He is the Creator of

all, us & all aroundus; of Good & Evil

12. We Should not set

up rivals with Him13. He gave us

knowledge14. His refuge should be

sought from evil


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Surah Al-Nas 114: 1-6

In the name of Allah, most Gracious ,most Merciful.1. Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of Mankind,2. the King of Mankind,3. the Allah of Mankind,4. from the evil of the whisperer who withdraws,5. who whispers in the hearts of Mankind,6. from Among Jinn and Mankind.


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Say: I seek refuge withthe Lord of Mankind,

the King of Mankind,the God of Mankind,

from the evil of thewhisperer whowithdraws,

who whispers in thehearts of Mankind,

from Among Jinn andMankind.

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ATIONS

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PART (I) MAINTHEME

PART (II)

PRESENTATION OFTHEME

Themes

MeaningsContent Teachings

How themes havebeen presentedby Allah to makepeopleunderstand them

How this passageis different fromother similarpassages


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The Main Theme(s) This is the last Surah of the Quran and is partner to

the preceding Surah (Al-Falaq) The Surah was revealed to cure the Prophet whena spell was cast on him

It also teaches us to seek protection of AllahAlmighty against the evil effects of the whisperingof Satan that are aimed at distracting man from

the Right Path This Surah focuses on three important themes of

man's relation with Allah:1. Allah alone is the sole Sustainer and Supreme

over all humans2. Therefore, He is only to be worshipped3. Allah is the One who can protect us from all evil,

may that be hidden or visible

Th P i f h Th


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The Presentation of the Theme The themes of this Surah, overall Lordship of

Allah and the seeking of His protection against all

evil, have been presented differently from othersimilar passages in the Quran. Firstly, the concept of whisperings has been

identified as a method used by both Jinn and Manto divert a believer from the Right Path.

Secondly, it declares Allah in three shortsentences the relationship that Allah has withMan, namely being their Sustainer, King and God.

In other similar passages, such as Surah Falaq,such reminders of God-Man relationship are not

used, rather the powers of Allah as the creator ofall good as well as evil are presented. It is as if Allah is reminding us that as He is our

Sustainer, King and God, it is He who shallprotect us from all evil.


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2008 Mawlawi Jahangir Mahmudwww.ser.com.pk

[email protected]


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We shall study


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Himself

Relationshipwith HisCreation


Messengers

We shall studythree

basic themesof the

Quranicverses

ALLAH


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ALLAH

&

HIS MESSENGERS


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WE SHALL STUDY ABOUT 4 MESSENGERS

Adam

Ibraheem

Jesus

Muhammad (2 passages)


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KEY FE TURES OF LL HS REL TIONSHIP WITHHIS MESSENGERS

1. They are llahs vicegerents onearth

2. They have been granted specialand great knowledge by Allah

3. They are much higher in statusthan the angels

4. They must follow Hisinstructions

5. They are very intelligent6. They recognize Allah very wellthrough His Signs7. Their focus is towards Allah

only

8. They dont do Shirk9. Allah has favored them10. He gave them miracles11. He never forsakes them12. He is never displeased withthem13. They have His Shelter14. He grants them guidance15. He grants them abundance16. His deals with their enemies17. They have special missions


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What do welearn from

thesepassagesregarding:

SURAH BAQARA 2: 30 TO


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3730. Behold, your Lord said to the angels: 'I will create avicegerent on earth.' They said: 'Will You place thereone who will make mischief there and shed blood?-whilst we celebrate your praises and glorify your holy(name)?' He said: 'I know what you do not know.' 31.

And He taught Adam the names of all things; then Heplaced them before the angels, and said: 'Tell me thenames of these if you are right.' 32. They said: 'Gloryto You, of knowledge we have none, save what Youhave taught us: In truth it is You who are perfect inknowledge and wisdom.' 33. He said: 'Adam Tellthem their names.' When he had told them, Allahsaid: 'Did I not tell you that I know the secrets ofheavens and earth, and I know what you reveal andwhat you conceal?'34. And behold, We said to theangels: 'Bow down to Adam'. And they bowed down.Not so Iblis: he refused and was haughty: he was ofthose who reject faith. 35. We said: 'Adam You andyour wife dwell in the Garden; and eat of the bountifulthings in it as You wish. But do not approach this tree,or you will run into harm and transgression.' 36. ThenSatan made them slip from there, and got them out ofwhat they had been in. We said: 'Go down, withenmity between yourselves. On earth will be yourdwelling-place and your means of livelihood, for atime.' 37. Then Adam learnt from his Lord words ofinspiration, and his Lord turned towards him; for He isOften-returning, most Merciful

30. Behold, your Lord said to the angels: 'I will create a vicegerent on earth.' Theysaid: 'Will You place there one who will make mischief there and shed blood?


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said: Will You place there one who will make mischief there and shed blood?-whilst we celebrate your praises and glorify your holy (name)?' He said: 'I knowwhat you do not know.

31. And He taught Adam the names of all things; then He placed them before theangels, and said: 'Tell me the names of these if you are right.'

32. They said: 'Glory to You, of knowledge we have none, save what You havetaught us: In truth it is You who are perfect in knowledge and wisdom.

33. He said: 'Adam! Tell them their names.' When he had told them, Allah said:'Did I not tell you that I know the secrets of heavens and earth, and I knowwhat you reveal and what you conceal?

34. And behold, We said to the angels: 'Bow down to Adam'. And they bowed

down. Not so Iblis: he refused and was haughty: he was of those who rejectfaith

35. We said: 'Adam! You and your wife dwell in the Garden; and eat of thebountiful things in it as You wish. But do not approach this tree, or you will runinto harm and transgression.'

36. Then Satan made them slip from there, and got them out of what they had

been in. We said: 'Go down, with enmity between yourselves. On earth will beyour dwelling-place and your means of livelihood, for a time.'

37. Then Adam learnt from his Lord words of inspiration, and his Lord turnedtowards him; for He is Often-returning, most Merciful


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thispassageregarding:


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COMPARISON BETWEEN (I) & (II)

PART (I) MAIN THEME PART (II) PRESENTATIONOF THEME

Themes

Meanings

Content

Teachings

How themes havebeen presented byAllah to makepeople understandthem

How this passage isdifferent from othersimilar passages


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THE MAIN THEME S) These verses describe the divine scheme of

1. creation of Adam

2. prostration of angels before him3. defiance of Iblis

4. Adam's stay in and eventual exile from Paradise

5. Adam being forgiven by Allah after his disobedience

Iblis proved to be disobedient to Allah and was cursed forever We learn here that Allah puts all humans through test, including

His Messengers

Another teaching is that if a person accepts his mistake after

committing any wrong he can be forgiven The example of Adam can be cited who prayed to His Lord which is

mentioned in the Quran: Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves

and if you do not forgive us and have mercy upon us we will surely

be among losers.(7:23).


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When something, anything goes

wrongBlame yourself, and no one else

Think of what you could have

done to avert it, or can do so in

the future


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THE PRESENTATION OF THE THEME S) This passage explains the relationship of Allah with

the Prophet Adam.

The theme of this passage is that it relates ahistorical event so we learn lessons from it.

Adam was created by Allah and he was givenimportance over angles as Angels were asked to bowdown before him.

The verses also inform us the nature of Satan whorefused to bow down before Adam, due to pride

The passage thus makes it clear that Allahs support

always remains with the Prophets The distinctive manner of these verses is that they

are teaching the theme by giving the example of the1st Man and Prophet Adam, thus making it clear that

every human has certain built in traits.


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SURAH AL ANAAM 6: 75-79) 75. So also did We show Abraham thepower and the laws of the heavens andthe earth, so that he might have

certainty. 76. When the night coveredhim over, he saw a star: He said: 'Thisis my Lord.' But when it set, he said: 'Ido not love things that set.' 77. Whenhe saw the moon rising in splendour,he said: 'This is my Lord.' But when themoon set, he said: 'Unless my Lordguides me, I will surely be among thosewho go astray.' 78. When he saw thesun rising in splendour, he said: 'This ismy Lord; this is the greatest.' But whenthe sun set, he said: 'O my people I amindeed free from your giving partners toAllah.' 79. 'For me, I have set my facefirmly and truly towards Him whocreated the heavens and the earth,and never shall I give partners to Allah.'


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SURAH AL ANAAM 6: 75-79) 75. So also did We show Abraham the power and thelaws of the heavens and the earth, so that he might havecertainty. 76. When the night covered him over, he saw astar: He said: 'This is my Lord.' But when it set, he said: 'Ido not love things that set.' 77. When he saw the moonrising in splendour, he said: 'This is my Lord.' But when

the moon set, he said: 'Unless my Lord guides me, I willsurely be among those who go astray.' 78. When he sawthe sun rising in splendour, he said: 'This is my Lord; thisis the greatest.' But when the sun set, he said: 'O mypeople I am indeed free from your giving partners toAllah.' 79. 'For me, I have set my face firmly and trulytowards Him who created the heavens and the earth, andnever shall I give partners to Allah.'


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75. So also did We show Abraham the power and the lawsof the heavens and the earth, so that he might havecertainty.76. When the night covered him over, he saw a star: Hesaid: 'This is my Lord.' But when it set, he said: 'I do notlove things that set.'77. When he saw the moon rising in splendour, he said:'This is my Lord.' But when the moon set, he said: 'Unless

my Lord guides me, I will surely be among those who goastray.'78. When he saw the sun rising in splendour, he said: 'Thisis my Lord; this is the greatest.' But when the sun set, he

said: 'O my people I am indeed free from your givingpartners to Allah.'79. 'For me, I have set my face firmly and truly towards Himwho created the heavens and the earth, and never shall Igive partners to Allah.'


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Themes

Meanings

Content

Teachings




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THE MAIN THEME S) These verses describe Prophet Ibraheem's attempt torecognise Allah by way of some of the marvels of nature Ibraheem observed the rise and the setting in of stars, themoon and the sun in order to identify his Lord, the Creator

of all. He was convinced that the Lord Almighty is ever-living and isfree from any decline Finally, he reached his goal of realizing the Oneness andsupremacy of Allah Once he did that, he began to preach to his people aboutTawhid and tried to dissuade them from Shirk or associatingpartners with Allah.


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THE PRESENTATION OF THE THEME Like other messengers of Allah, Ibraheem was also

nurtured spiritually for the formal awarding of Prophethood Unlike Musa who witnessed a Holy Fire (28:30) to receiveProphethood or Jesus who began to show prophetic signswhile in his cradle (5:110), Ibraheem reached the ultimategoal of prophethood after observation and being tested He firmly professed Tawhid Shunned shirk before starting his prophetic mission Allah thus strengthened the faith of His chosen servant byshowing him the contrast between the temporary shine ofthe creation and the eternal glow of the Creator The Creator Lord is the source of all light and brightness.


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KEY FE TURES OF LL HS REL TIONSHIP WITHHIS MESSENGERS

1. They are llahs vicegerents onearth

2. They have been granted specialand great knowledge by Allah

3. They are much higher in statusthan the angels

4. They must follow Hisinstructions

5. They are very intelligent6. They recognize Allah very wellthrough His Signs7. Their focus is towards Allah

only

8. They dont do Shirk9. Allah has favored them10. He gave them miracles11. He never forsakes them12. He is never displeased withthem13. They have His Shelter14. He grants them guidance15. He grants them abundance16. His deals with their enemies17. They have special missions


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SURAH AL MAIDA 5: 110Then will Allah say: 'Jesus son of MaryRecount my favour to you and toyour mother. Behold strengthened

you with the holy spirit, so that youspoke to the people in childhoodand in maturity.Behold I taught you the Book andWisdom, the Law and the Gospel.And behold You make out clay, as itwere, the figure of a bird, by my

leave, and you breathe into it and itbecomes a bird by my leave, and youheal those born blind, and thelepers, by my leave. And behold Youbring forth the dead by my leave.And behold I restrained the Childrenof Israel from you when you showedthem the clear signs, and theunbelievers among them said: 'Thisis nothing but evident magic.'


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Then will Allah say: 'Jesus son of Mary Recount myfavour to you and to your mother. Beholdstrengthened you with the holy spirit, so that youspoke to the people in childhood and in maturity.Behold I taught you the Book and Wisdom, the Lawand the Gospel. And behold You make out clay,as it were, the figure of a bird, by my leave, andyou breathe into it and it becomes a bird by myleave, and you heal those born blind, and thelepers, by my leave. And behold You bring forththe dead by my leave. And behold I restrained theChildren of Israel from you when you showedthem the clear signs, and the unbelievers amongthem said: 'This is nothing but evident magic.'


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Themes

Meanings

Content

Teachings



THE MAIN THEME S)


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This verse describes Allah's address to Jesus,one of His messengers.

Like other prophetic messengers, Jesus wasalso granted certain prophetic signs thatdistinguished him from ordinary mortals. (suchas of his miraculous birth, his ability to speak in

infancy, treat the leper and the blind and givelife to the non-living, Torah and Gospel)

The objective of granting such unusual powersto Allah's chosen people is to strengthen them

internally and prepare them to face oppositionby their people

It also describes the fact that Allah protects Hismessengers from their enemies.


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THE PRESENTATION OF THE THEME While showing His relationship with the Prophet

Jesus, Allah tells how Jesus was supported by Allah

(SWT) through Jibraeel, Ruhulqudus, and was givenmiracles.

These favors show how much Allah loved His

messenger The passage distinctly explains how Allah supports

his messengers.

Many other verses contain the same theme, but

this one is distinctive because here Allah reminds

His messenger face to face about His favours. In

other similar passages, such as those about

Ibraheem, Allah addresses us, not the Messenger


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SURAH AL-DUHA 93: 1-111. By the Glorious Morning Light,2. And by the Night when it is still3. Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor isHe displeased.4. And indeed, the Hereafter will be betterfor you, than the present5. and soon your Lord will give to you, andyou will be well pleased.6. Did He not find you an orphan and gaveyou shelter?7. And He found you wandering, and Hegave you guidance.8. And He found you in need, and madeyou Independent,9. Therefore do not treat the orphan with

harshness,10. nor repulse the petitioner (unheard);11. but proclaim the bounty of your Lord.


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1. By the Glorious Morning Light,2. And by the Night when it is still3. Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor is He displeased.4. And indeed, the Hereafter will be better for you,5. than the present and soon your Lord will give to you, and youwill be well pleased.6. Did He not find you an orphan and gave you shelter?7. And He found you wandering, and He gave you guidance.8. And He found you in need, and made you Independent,9. Therefore do not treat the orphan with harshness,10. nor repulse the petitioner (unheard);11. but proclaim the bounty of your Lord.



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Themes

Meanings

Content

Teachings




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THE MAIN THEME S) Theme of this Surah is Allah's special care andconcern for His chosen people specially in times of

crisis and difficulty Allah's support is as much part of prophetic missionas the trials and tests designed by Him Allah puts His prophetic messengers into a variety of

tests only to bring them closer to Him and thusstrengthen their faith.

THE PRESENTATION OF THE THEME


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The Surah mentions Allah's reassurance for theHoly Prophet who was being mocked by the

Quraysh This explains Allah's special association with

the Holy Prophet

Many other passages speak of Allahs favors to

His Messengers but here there is a distinctivestyle

Because this was revealed to the Holy Prophetduring his lifetime, it gave him support andstrength.

Whereas in other similar passages such asSurah Maida, Allah will remind of His favoursft r

this World.


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SURAH AL-KAUTHAR 108: 1-3

1. We have given you the Abundance;2. Therefore pray to your Lord, and sacrifice.3. For the one who hates you, he will be cut off(from future hope).


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What dowe learn

from thispassage

regarding:



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Themes

Meanings

Content

Teachings




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THE MAIN THEME S) Theme of this short Surah is Allah's promise and

reassurance for His chosen people (prophetic messengers)in times of hardship and opposition by their people

The main theme of Surah Al-Kauthar is to console theProphet (s.a.w.) and to give him reassurance that he is

unlimitedly blessed by Allah The teaching we get from this Surah is that there is no

room for any to disrespect of the Prophet.

He is taught that he should not abandon his religiousobligations in any of the situation but must submit to the

will of Allah.

In this passage, Allah condemns those who condemn theProphet (s.a.w).

THE PRESENTATION OF THE THEME


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The Surah shows Allah's special care for theProphet in times of hardship.

Here, distinctively, Allah mentions that HE willdeal with the enemies of the Holy ProphetHimself.

Allah mentions such special support for His

messengers in other passages as well. Here the distinctive style is prominent that Allah

revealed these verses during the Holy Prophetslife and hence announced in his lifetime theprophecy of the destruction of his enemies.

Such a declaration is a consolation not only forthe Holy Prophet but all those involved in thepropagation of Islam.


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Q 1


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Question 1:

Major themesof the Quran

Q: Choose any two of thefollowing Passages fromthe Quran and,

(a) Briefly describe the maintheme(s) in eachpassage

(b) Briefly explain how eachpassage presents thesetheme(s) in a distinctiveway.


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EachPassage has

2 parts

Part (i) MainTheme

Part (ii)Presentation

of Theme

Part (i) Main Theme Answer (2 marks)


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( ) ( )

Explain:

Themes

Meanings

ContentTeachings

Quote Quran verses/Ahadith to support and

illustrate points (optional) Demonstrate knowledge of Arabic

60-80words in

3minutes

Part (ii) Presentation of Theme (2 marks)


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( ) ( )

Explain:How themes have been

presented by Allah to make people

understand them

How Allah teaches similar themes in otherSurahs verses, yet this one this different

3minutes

C i B t (i) & (ii)


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Comparison Between (i) & (ii)Part (i) Main Theme Part (ii) Presentation of

Theme

Themes

Meanings

Content

Teachings

How themes have

been presented by

Allah to makepeople understand

them

How this passage is

different from other

similar passages

L t St t th L !


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Lets Start the Lesson!


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We shall study


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Himself

Relationship

with HisCreation


Messengers

three

basic themesof the

Quranicverses


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Tauheed

Person

Attributes

Signs

Powers


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Allah in Himself (Signs) Among His signs are the night and

the day, and the sun and the moon.

Adore not the sun and the moon, but

adore Allah, who created them, if it isHim you wish to serve SurahFussilat/Sajda


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Allah in Himself (Person) The Holy Quran describes and elaborates details

about the person of Allah. Usually certain symbolic expressions and parables

have been used for this purpose.

For example, Surah An Nur describes Allah as a'light',

Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The parable of His Light is

as if there were a Niche and within it a lamp: the Lamp enclosed in

Glass: the Glass as it were a brilliant star: lit from a blessed Tree, an

Olive, neither of the East nor of the West, whose Oil is well-nigh

luminous, though fire scarce touched it: Light upon Light! Allah doth setforth Parables for men: and Allah doth know all things. (Nur : 35)

Sura Ikhlas


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Allah in Himself (Attributes) The Holy Quran describes and elaborates details about the

nature and attributes of Allah using parables & analogies

Attributes of Allah

Allah is He, than whom there is no othergod the sovereign, the Holy One, theSource of Peace (and Perfection). the

Guardian of Faith, the Preserver of Safety,the Exalted in Might, the Irresistible, theSupreme: Glory to Allah! (High is He) abovethe partners they attribute to Him. (23) He isAllah the Creator, the Evolver, the Bestower

of Forms (or Colours). To Him belong theMost Beautiful Names: whatever is in theheavens and on earth, declare His Praisesand Glory: and He is the exalted in Might, the

Wise. (Surah Al Hashr)


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Allah in Himself (Powers) Another oft repeated theme is that of

Allah's Unmatchable power,

Verily, when He intends a thing, Hiscommand is "Be" and it is! (36:82)

Sura Al Anaam

Allah in Himself


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Allah in Himself

Person

Attributes

Powers

Signs


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Allah! There is no God but He, the Living, the


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, g,Self-subsisting

Neither slumber nor sleep can seize Him

To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens andwhatever is in the earth

Who will intercede with Him except by HisLeave?

He knows what is in front of them and what isbehind them, While they encompass nothingof His Knowledge, except what He wills.

His Throne extends over the heavens and the

earth, And He is never weary of preservingthem.

And He is the Sublime, the Supreme.



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Part (i) Main ThemePart (ii) Presentation ofTheme

Themes

MeaningsContent

Teachings

How themes have

been presented by

Allah to make

people understand

them

How this passage isdifferent from other

similar passages


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The Main Theme(s)1. The main theme of this passage, which we know as the

verse of the Throne, is the oneness of Allah, or Tawhid

2. Allah is a being unlike any other beings because he

knows everything and can do everything

3. Also He has neither parents nor children4. Similarly Surah Ikhlas also states that He cannot be

compared to anyone or anything

5. His throne signifies His absolute power over all as well

as His absolute knowledge of everything.



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1. This passage teaches us the powers of Allah,

which are limitless in all aspects, thus clearlymarking the differences between Him and Hiscreation.

2. This passage states all this in a authoritative tone,and declares its teachings in a distinctive manner.

3. It teaches multiple articles of faith and belief in veryfew words, thus making it a unique passage.

4. Other Quranic verses similarly teach such themesbut seldom in so few words and also they tend to attimes give logical reasoning along with their

teachings such as Surah Anam which gives a logicthat Allah cannot have a son as He has no wife

Surah Al Anaam 6: 101 to 103


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101. To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and theearth: how can He have a son when He has no consort?

102. He created all things, and He has full knowledge of all things.

That is Allah, your Lord! There is no god but He, the Creator ofall things: then worship Him: and He has power to dispose of all

affairs.

103. No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all visions: He isabove all comprehension, yet is acquainted with all things.

101. To Him is due the primal origin of theh d th th h H h


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heavens and the earth: how can He havea son when He has no consort?

102. He created all things, and He has fullknowledge of all things. That is Allah,your Lord! There is no god but He, the

Creator of all things: then worship Him:and He has power to dispose of all

affairs.103. No vision can grasp Him, but His graspis over all visions: He is above all

comprehension, yet is acquainted with allthings.



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Part (i) Main ThemePart (ii) Presentation ofTheme

Themes

MeaningsContent

Teachings

How themes have

been presented by

Allah to make

people understand

them

How this passage isdifferent from other

similar passages


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The Main Theme(s)1. The main theme of this passage is the unlimitedpower of Allah that proves Tauheed

2. It describes how He created all things includingthe heavens and the earth from scratch

3. The Arabic word Badee means He who creates

without any raw materials to start with4. It strongly refutes any concept of him being a

parent or husband when it is He who cannot evenbe seen by anyone

5. Another important aspect of the theme is fact the

His knowledge is absolute.6. These arguments establish Him as the sole being

to be worshipped.

Another Sample answer of the Theme1 The doctrine of Tawhid is based on Allah's power of


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1. The doctrine of Tawhid is based on Allah s power ofcreating His domain out of nothing and by His singlecommand, Be (36:82) and that is the main theme

of this Surah: teaching Allahs Onesness byexplaining about His Person and Powers2. Exercise of this power explains Allah's immense

power and unlimited knowledge3. Demands us to demonstrate our belief by bowing

down before Him in all submission and worship like

the other creations: And the stars and the treesboth bow in adoration (Surah 55).4. This further negates any form of shirk (associating

partners with Allah), specially associating anyrelatives with Him.

5. Surah Ikhlas more emphatically and explicitly

refutes the corrupted idea of assuming descendantsof Allah

6. Such degree of uniqueness of Allah renders ourimagination just helpless to comprehend His entity.

The Presentation of the Theme1 Th t hi f thi th


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1. The teachings of this passage are theOneness of Allah, His Powers as well as His

Person which is beyond humancomprehension.

2. These are taught here in a distinctive mannerthat uses common logic so people may

understand.3. It also explains how unlimited and absoluteHis Power of Creation and Knowledge are,thus making it a logical result that we shouldworship Him only.

4. This manner of explanation is distinct fromother passages as they usually only declareor order man to worship Him without givingany reason or logic.

Surah Fussilat/Sajda; 41. 37


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37. Among His signs are the night

and the day, and the sun and themoon. Adore not the sun and themoon, but adore Allah, whocreated them, if it is Him you wishto serve.

Allah in Himself


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Person

Attributes

Powers

Signs

Surah Fussilat/Sajda;41. 3737 A Hi i


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37. Among His signs arethe night and the day,

and the sun and themoon. Adore not thesun and the moon,but adore Allah, whocreated them, if it is

Him you wish to serve

Person

Attributes

Powers

Signs

The Main Theme(s)


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1. The main theme of this passage is

Tauheed or oneness of Allah which is beingtaught by explaining His powers.

2. Throughout history, many people havebegun worshipping the sun and the moon

due to their beauty or power.3. The Quran says that these are just signs of

Allah, who is the Creator of all.

4. Similar themes are found in many places inthe Quran such as in Surah Rehman whereAllah states that He has absolute powerover all heavenly bodies.



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1. Tauheed, the theme of this passage ispresented through a distinctive manner ofgiving examples of His signs

2. Mankind should recognize the Designer of allthese and submit to His will.

3. This is distinctive from other verses such as inSurah Ikhlas where Allah states the theme ofTauheed but without explaining or using anyexample

4. This passage urges us not only identify HIMbut also to Worship Him.

Surah As Shura 42: 4 5


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4. To Him belongs all that is in the heavens andon earth: and He is most High, most Great.

5. The heavens are almost rent asunder from

above them, and the angels celebrate thepraises of their Lord, and pray for forgivenessfor beings on earth: Behold! Verily Allah is He,the oft-Forgiving, the most Merciful.

Surah As Shura 42: 4 & 5


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Surah As Shura 42: 4 & 5 4. To Him belongs all

that is in the heavens

and on earth: and He ismost High, most Great.

5. The heavens arealmost rent asunder

from above them, andthe angels celebrate thepraises of their Lord,and pray for forgivenessfor beings on earth:Behold! Verily Allah isHe, the oft-Forgiving,the most Merciful.

Person

Attributes

Powers

Signs

The Main Theme(s)


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1. The main theme in this passage is Tauheed ofAllah as everything is His property.

2. His greatness and supremacy is evident by the factthat the heavens are bent and on the brink offalling to pieces due to the weight of the angelsworshipping Him.

3. It is no wonder that countless angels arecontinuously engaged in glorifying the name ofAllah while seeking forgiveness for mankind.

4. Allah Himself has ordered them to do so as onlyHe Himself is full of forgiveness and mercy for His

creation.5. Thus He has also ordered humankind to glorify

Him and then ask for forgiveness as in many otherverses in the Holy Quran

The Presentation of the Theme.


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1. This passage presents the great mercy of Allah by

stressing on His supreme majesty.

2. The angels not only to celebrate His praise, and

also pray for forgiveness for us because Allah

Himself has ordered them.

3. The greatness as well as mercy of Allah is

presented here distinctively here by first stating Hisbeing the owner and supreme Lord of everyone and

everything, yet His being kind and benevolent to His

creatures.

4. This is a distinct style from Surah Al-Fatiha whereAllah simply announces Himself as merciful but

doesnt discuss His rank and status


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Surah Al-Ikhlas 112: 1-4

In the name of Allah, most Gracious,most Merciful.

1. Say: He is Allah, the One;

2. Allah, the Absolute (the Eternal).

3. He does not beget nor is He begotten,

4. And there is none like Him.


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Surah Al-Ikhlas 112: 1-41. Say: He is Allah,

the One;

2. Allah, the Absolute

(the Eternal).

3. He does not beget

nor is He begotten,

4. And there is none

like Him.

Person

Attributes

Powers

Signs


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Main Theme(s)1. This Surah is a comprehensive summary ofTauheed

2. The theme clearly asserts Him being the one andonly god, thus negating any parenthood or kinshipassigned to Him by anyone

3. It defines the very nature of Allah to be free fromthe phenomenon of birth as He is not in need ofanyone or anything

4. Allahs attribute AsSamad mentioned here

means He who doesnt need anyone rathereveryone is in need of Him

5. Also by saying that He is incomparable witheverything, this Surah negates all forms of Shirk.



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1. The Surah Ikhlas presents the theme of Tauheed in avery distinctive manner from most other passages of

the Holy Quran because it in covers so many aspectsof Tauheed in just four short sentences

2. It doesnt offer any sort of explanation or argument ascertain other passages, rather it simply makes astatement of fact by saying that Allah is One, Absoluteand incomparable to anyone or anything

3. For example, in Surah Al-Maeda, Allah specifies that itis disbelief to call Jesus the son of Allah

4. But here in Surah Al-Ikhlas, He simply declares that

He doesnt give birth at all5. Thus all false beliefs regarding any son or daughter of

Allah are shattered.

Key Features of the Passages: Allah in Himself:10marks1 Allah in Himself (Person )


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1. Allah in Himself (Person )

i. The Holy Quran describes and elaborates details aboutthe person of Allah.

ii. Usually certain symbolic expressions and parables havebeen used for this purpose.

iii. For example, Surah An Nur describes Allah as a 'light',(give example here) & Sura Ikhlas

2. Allah in Himself (A ttr ibutes)

i. The Holy Quran describes and elaborates details about

the nature and attributes of Allah using parables &analogies

ii. Attributes of Allah: (Surah Al Hashr)

3. Allah in Himself (Powers)

i. Another oft repeated theme is that of Allah'sUnmatchable power,

ii. Verily, when He intends a thing, His command is "Be"and it is! (36:82) & Sura Al Anaam

4. Allah in Himself (Signs)

i. Among His signs are the night and the day, and the sun

and the moon. Adore not the sun and the moon, but

adore Allah who created them if it is Him ou wish to

CONQUESTS UNDER HAZRAT ABU BAKR

PERSIAN EMPIRE


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VENUE DATE (i) Muslim Commander OUTCOME

(ii) Commander of opposing forces

1. Chaldea 633 AD (i) Khalid bin Waleed Hormuz killed and his forces(ii) Hormuz defeated at this famous battle

of Chains

2. Walaja (i) Khalid bin Waleed Persian regiments defeated

3. Hira 633 AD (i) Khalid bin Waleed Peace Treaty signed and amnesty

granted

4. Firaz 634 AD (i) Khalid bin Waleed Arab Christians defeated

5. Mulah 632 AD (i) Usama bin Zaid Byzantine forces were defeated

6. Ajhadyn 634 AD (i) Khalid bin Waleed

(ii) Heraclius Heraclius forces were defeated

with them commander killed

ROMAN EMPIRE

VENUE DATE (i) Muslim Commander OUTCOME


CONQUESTS UNDER HAZRAT UMAR


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1. Namarag 634 AD (i) Musana, Abu Ubaid Persian forces were defeated

(ii) Rustam

2. Jasr 634 AD (i) Abu Ubaid bin Ziyad Persian forces defeated in this

(ii) Bahman famous Battle of Bridge, where

Muslims suffered heavy losses

with their Commander Martyred

3. Buwaib 634 AD (i) Muthana Persian forces defeated and

(ii) Mehran Mehran killed. Majority of

Persian army was destroyed

4. Qadisiya (i) Saad bin Abi Waqas Rustam got killed, with his forces(he was unwell) defeated. This completely broke

(ii) Rustam down the strength of Persians

5. Al-Madain 634 AD (i) Saad bin Abi Waqas Laid seige, eventually had to

surrender, King Yazdigard

fled away

6. Jalula (i) Qaka sent by Laid seige to the city eventually

Saad bin Abi Waqas captured it they agreed on terms

of Jizya

7. Tekrit (i) Saad dispatched the forces The combined forces of Christian

Arabs, Persians and Romans had

to face defeat

8. Ubulla (i) Utba bin Ghazwan Captured the city of Ubulla, TOWNS OF KUFA AND BASRA FOUNDED

9. Nehawand


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(consequence (ii) Persian King The defeat of Persians resulted

of Treaty in end of sassanid Dynasty. This

broken by being the last great battle fought

Persians alter between Muslims and Persians

Jalula)

10. Jordan (i) Shurabil bin Hasan Captured the city

11. Palestine (i) Amr bin al Aas Captured the city

12. Damascus 635 AD (i) Khalid bin Waleed - assisted Laid seige to city, finally captured.

by Abu Ubaida and Yezid Peace Treaty signed.

13. Yarmouk 636 AD (i) Abu Ubaida bin al Jarrah Syria was lost to Muslims

Valley (ii) Theodorous (Victorious)

14. Damascus 636 AD (i) Abu Ubaida Recaptured

16. Jerusalem (i) Amr bin Aas Laid seige. Treaty Drawn

17. Alexandria 640 AD (i) Amr bin Aas Heraclius died. Egypt Mastered

(Egypt) over alter this conquest

18. Babylon 641 AD Captured

Revision Handout


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Note on Belief in Divine Decree (10 Marks)

Belief in the Divine Decree is an article of Faith. Without this, a believers

Imam or Faith is incomplete. As mentioned in Iman-e-Mufassal, whichsays: Ibelieve in Allah, in His angels, in His books, in His Prophets, in the

Last Day and in the fact that everything, good or bad, is decided by Allah

Almighty and in the Life after Death.

This means that the belief that everything, good or bad, is known

beforehand by Allah.Allah is the sole Creator and Cherisher of the entire Universe. His power

is not limited in any sphere whatsoever. The Quran says repeatedly,

Verily, Allah has power over everything., Verily, Allah is all Knowing,

All Powerful and He is the Exalted in Power, full of Wisdom.

As Allah is the Creator, Sustainer, All Powerful and All Knowing, not only

He has knowledge of each and every affair of the entire Universe but also

all the matters and phenomena are under His control as well as within His

Knowledge.

Man, the most supreme creation of Allah is no exception to this divine

Will. However, he is given a great deal of free will and will be tested how


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Based on Authority or Source

Four types of hadith can be identified.


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1. Qudsi - Divine; a revelation from Allah ;

relayed with the words of the Prophet.2. Marfu - elevated; a narration from the

Prophet, e.g. I heard the Prophet saying ...

3. Mauquf- stopped: a narration from acompanion only, e.g., we were commandedto ...

4. Maqtu' - severed: a narration from asuccessor.


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Asp

erAut

hority

Main Features of Qudsi/Nabwi


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Main Features of Qudsi/Nabwi

Qudsi NabwiWords & Meaning both

from Allah

Words of Prophet &

Meaning from Allah

Starts with "Allah says"

Starts with "the

Prophet said etc

Few in number-Less than 1000 Over 100,000

Topic regarding Man-God

Relationship, Akhira,Tauheed, Beauty of Worship. Wide range of Topics

They are only Sayings

They can be Sayings,

Actions, etc


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Compilation of the Holy Quran


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Since the Holy Quran was not revealed all at once and itsdifferent verses were revealed as and when appropriate,so it was neither possible nor practicable from the very

beginning to write and preserve it in a book form.Before one can begin to understand the manner in which

it was preserved, the amazing memories ofthe Arab nation must be kept in mind. And of course, thefact that Allah Himself has said:

Verily, it is We Who have sent down this Message and it is We Who

shall guard it. (Surah Hijr; 15:9)


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Total Time of Revelation= 23 years (610 to 632 AD) Total Verses = 6,666

Total Suwar = 114

How the Quran was Revealed


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How the Quran was Revealed

JibreelHoly

Prophet

Companions

ALLAH

Different Stages in its Compilation


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Different Stages in its Compilation

In The

Time of

The Holy

Prophet In TheTime of

Abu Bakr

& Umar

In The Timeof Uthman

How the Quran was preserved in

the time of the Holy Prophet


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the time of the Holy Prophet.

The Quran was revealed to the Holy Prophet through Jibril , who would makesure that he s learnt its verses by heart.

Once the Holy Prophet had memorized the verses, Jibril would tell him thatthese verses should be placed in so and so Surah in so and so order.

When the Holy Prophet had learnt the verses, he would then teach them to his

companions who would Learn them by heart (these Huffaz were 1000s)

The scribes of the Holy Prophet, would write the verses under his instructionon paper, stone tablets, bones, palm leaves, wooden boards or animal skins.(These companions were about 34).

Ardah Quran was preserved in partial volumes in writing, but primarily in the hearts

of tens of thousands of his companions.

Preservation and Compilation during


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the caliphates of Abu Bakr and Umar

A large number of Huffaz killed at Yamamah

Umar proposed to Abu Bakr: Lets Write it down in a single

volume

After some initial hesitation, he Agreed

A team of Muqri Sahaba led by Zaid bin Thabit were formed to

conduct this task

How did Zayd ensure authenticity?


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How did Zayd ensure authenticity? The contributor must have in writing as well as be a Hafiz

He tested its reliability against his own memory and that ofhis team of Huffaz

Two trustworthy witnesses had testified to the fact that theparticular verse had been written in the presence of theProphet

The written verses were matched with the collections ofcompanions

The Final Volume


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The Final Volume

This Task was completed by Umars time and stayed with himuntil his martyrdom.

Then it went in the custody of Hafsah and thus became

known as Mushaf-i-Hafsah.

Preservation and Compilation in

the period of Uthman bin 'Affan


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the period of Uthman bin Affan

Islamic Empire had spread far and wide New people with new tongues, languages, dialects and

pronunciations had become Muslims

They began to use these to recite Quran in sometimes odd

ways.


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Hudhayfa bin Yaman approached the caliph Uthman and told

him about the possible dangers of this

Uthman immediately took action

Reassembled a team under Zaid bin Thabit

Made seven copies of Mushaf e Hafsa Sent these to the provincial capitals

Destroyed any deviant/incomplete manuscripts


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Questions that you get


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Questions that you get Note on compilation of the Quran in the time of

Holy Prophet

Abu Bakr & Umar

Uthman

All of the above

Role of Scribes in the compilation of the Quran

Steps taken by Zaid in Thabit (2 parts)


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Before going any further, now we must study the sources of

Islamic Law


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1. The ORIGINAL CASE (asl), on which a ruling is given in the

text and analogy seeks to extend it to a new case.

2. The NEW CASE (far), on which a ruling is needed.

3. The EFFECTIVE CAUSE (illah) which is an attribute (wasf)f th i i l d it i f d t b i

Elements of Qiyas


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EXTRA COURSE QUESTIONS

Importance of Ijma


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1. It answers the queries of the people in varioussituations with logical reasoning

2. If something is explained very briefly in the Quranand Sunnah, Ijma can be done for clarification

3. Since it is done by those who are scholars sothere is no doubt in their work

4. Through Ijma the principles of Quran and Sunnahcan be extended to new situations

5. Ijma is source of uniting Muslims on new issues

6. It is a source of making the religion applicable toall times and places

What do Muslims mean when they

ll h h k l ll h


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call the Quran the kalamAllah

(word of God)?1. It is the Divine speech of Allah Himself.2. These are the exact words relayed to the Holy Prophet by

Jibril.

3. Allah Himself protects it

4.It is the very basis of all thought and action in Islam5. All Islamic laws are either derived from it or based on it

6. Commandments of Quran are invariable andunchangeable for all times to come.

7. Refusal to believe in even a single verse is disbelief.

8. If someone consciously disobeys, becomes a unbeliever9. It is the fountainhead of all belief and practice

10. All Muslims belonging to all sects agree on its text.

Why is the Quran considered a

l i l i l ?


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central miracle in Islam?

1. It is the Final revealed book of Allah

2. It is the word of Allah

3. Allah Himself took the responsibility to

ensure it will never be corrupted

4. It has remained unadulterated to date

Why was the Quran revealed in

t ?


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parts?

1. Because Allah willed it to be revealed as His Wisdom judged.2. The Quran explains: Those who reject Faith say: "Why is not the

Qur'an revealed to him all at once?" Thus (is it revealed) that Wemay strengthen your heart thereby and We have rehearsed it toyou in slow well-arranged stages gradually. (Surah Furqan;25:32-33).

3. It would be hard for the people if they would get all theinstructions together, because they would have to start actingon them at once

4. This way they found it easy to progressively follow Allahscommands as they were revealed step by step.

5. Many verses would be irrelevant if revealed before a certainstage. E.g., verses regarding Jihad would be irrelevant inMakkah, because Jihad would be allowed only once an Islamicstate had been formed.

Why wasnt the Quran put down

i b k f d i th ti f


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in book form during the time of

the Holy Prophet?1. Since the Holy Quran was not revealed all atonce and its different verses were revealedas and when appropriate, so it was neitherpossible nor practicable from the verybeginning to write and preserve it in a bookform.

2. Unless it was complete, it would not be

proper to put it in one volume.3. Otherwise there would be confusion.

4. Hundreds remembered it by heart

Importance of the compilation

f th Q


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of the Quran

1. The compilation of the Holy Quran set the basic standardfor All Muslims to follow.

2. It made sure that the future generations would not be ledastray.

3. Through compilation It became easy for the Muslims to

keep and carry the Quran.4. It solved the problem of dialect in the time of Hazrat

Uthman

5. Since the scribes were appointed by the Prophet himselfso their work can never be doubted

6. They were aware of the situation and condition in whichthe Quran was revealed so their interpretation to theverses of the Quran cannot be doubted

7. Their work also ensured the unity of Muslim Ummah.

Reasons for the change in

P h t Attit d t d J


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Prophets Attitude towards Jews

1. Jews never accepted the Holy Prophet and always went againsthim

2. Islam spread and that threatened Jews supremacy over Arabia

3. Jews had socio-economic and political reasons to tolerateMuslims

4. Riba being declared illegal deteriorated the relations betweenBanu Quainqah and Muslims

5. Banu Quainqah and hypocrites active in exterminating Islam

6. For Jews the arrival of muhajireens and the Holy Prophet wasunbearable

7. Jews mocked at Muslims for having Jerusalem as their Kiblahand fasting on Ashura

8. Composed anti-Islam verses and mispronounced Islamic verses

9. Opposite beliefs

The End of the Prophetic


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Mission1. This day have I perfected your religion for you,

revealed after the Final Sermon

2. Most of Arabia accepted Islam

3. 9th A.H is called Year of Delegation or Am ul

Wafoud- the entire Arab nation came under onebanner of faith

4. Holy Prophet fell ill on 29th of Saffar 11A.H and diedwithin few days

5. Appointed Abu Bakr as the Imam after him

6. Spent his last days in the Adobe of Ayesha

7. Second week of Rabi ul Awwal 11 A.H he died


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PROPHET AS MODEL OF

EXCELLENCE

Why is he an ideal to

f ll ?


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follow?The Quran insists:

if you love Allah,follow the Prophet

he who obeys the Prophet obeys Allah

Verily in the Prophet of Allah you have the bestexample

Short explanations of the above

Honesty & truthfulness Titles of al Sadiq (the truthful) & al Amin (the trustworthy) even before formal


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Titles of al-Sadiq (the truthful) & al-Amin (the trustworthy) even before formal

awarding of prophethood.

Worst enemies would trust him e.g. the night of his migration asked Ali to sleepin his bed to return belongings to the owners.

Marriage with Khadija outcome of his honesty & fair dealings.

Had another trade partner, Saib, at Makka both alternately led the trade

carvans Prophet, on his turn, would 1st of all produce accounts before doing

anything else

Abu Sufiyan in the court of Roman emperor couldnt tell a lie about Prophets

personal conduct

Stressed on fulfilling promises: One who does not keep promise, has no

religion

Refused to accommodate Abu Jandal, who had escaped from the clutches of

Quraish, after signing the treaty of Hudaibiya.

Makkans were ready to accept his word when he addressed them from the Safa

hill (about telling them that an army ready to attack Makka from behind the hill.

Condemned all forms of unfair earnings: One who cheats is not among us &

Leadership & statesmanship


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Emerged as a dynamic & vibrant leader in MadinaUnified stranger & mutually hostile groups e.g. Mawakhatfaith based brotherhood b/w Muhajireen & Ansar

Bonded together the Aws & Khazraj tribes

Avoided hostility of the Jews by including them in the

Charter of Madina Treated the Jews with both justice & mercy when they

violated terms of the charter

A successful strategist in the battlefield accepted advice ofothers e.g. digging ditches around Madina

Foiled attempt of the Allies to win Jewish support in thebattle of the trench

Reorganized the fleeing army in the battle of Hunayn.

How to imitate these qualities

in modern times


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in modern times

Simplicity

overspending on weddings, other joyfuloccasions. Muslims today can celebrate in asober & simple way, while helping the needywith whatever excess wealth they have e.g.may give charity to various organizations.

Muslim parents should revive the example ofsimple dowry of Fatima & Prophets refusal toarrange her maid after the conquest of Khyber, 7A.H.


in modern times


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in modern times

Honesty

Muslim traders should avoid hoarding, givingshort measures and adulteration of food etc.

So establish weight with justice and do notfall short in the balance. (55:9)

Sense of responsibility in joint business e.g.

Porphet & Saib.


in modern times


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in modern times

Leadership Muslim leaders can learn great lessons from

Prophets qualities how to ensure

protection of non-Muslim minorities inMuslim states e.g. Christians, Hindus & Sikhsin Pakistan.

Avoid war & accept peace

Treaty of Hudaibiya Other treaties


in modern times


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in modern times

Mercy & forgiveness Muslims in the contemporary world need to

control tempers in unfavourable environmente.g. on a busy road, when someone violatestraffic rules in hurry, he/she should be instructedpolitely.

Try to win hearts of enemies (conquest ofMakka)

Make sober & modest jubilations on joyfuloccasions e.g. on winning a match against astrong rival.


in modern times


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in modern times

Simplicity overspending on weddings, other joyful occasions Muslims today cancelebrate in a sober & simple way, while helping the needy with whatever excess wealth they havee.g. may give charity to various organizations.

Muslim parents should revive the example of simple dowry of Fatima & Prophets refusal toarrange her maid after the conquest of Khyber, 7 A.H.

Honesty Muslim traders should avoid hoarding, giving short measures and adulterationof food etc.

So establish weight with justice and do not fall short in the balance.

(55:9)

Sense of responsibility in joint business e.g. Porphet & Saib.

Leadership :

Muslim leaders can learn great lessons from Prophets qualities how to ensure protection ofnon-Muslim minorities in Muslim states e.g. Christians, Hindus & Sikhs in Pakistan.

Avoid war & accept peace Treaty of Hudaibiya

Mercy & forgiveness

Muslims in the contemporary world need to control tempers in unfavourable environment e.g. ona busy road, when someone violates traffic rules in hurry, he/she should be instructed politely.

Try to win hearts of enemies conquest of Makka.

Make sober & modest jubilations on joyful occasions e.g. on winning a match against a strongrival.

Special Features of an Islamic

community


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community

brotherhood based oncommon faith,

social equality

piety being the solecriterion of one'ssuperiority over theother

specified spheres of rightsand responsibilities

Masjid is center of thecommunity

modesty

healthy circulation ofwealth

promoting peace and loveestablishment of justice

tolerance towards thenon-Muslim citizens

We see such a communityin its perfect shape inMadinah


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A REVIEW OF THE PROPHETS

CONDUCT IN BATTLES(GHAZWAT)

The Prophets rules in War


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1. 1st priority should be to spread Islam thenTreaty of Peace otherwise war!

2. Non Combatants (civilians) cannot be

attacked!3. Private property cannot be harmed nor

confiscated

4. Mistreatment of Captives Not allowed5. Mutilation of dead bodies not allowed

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1. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) was thegreatest military leader, most righteous, themost insightful

2. He showed superior genius, strictness, bravery,

Excellent arrangements3. Stood fast facing the enemy

4. He made war to defend the faith not to be

offensive.5. He was able to impose security, institute peace

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6. Previously wars were for robbing, killing,plundering, tyranny, oppressing the weak,rape , cruelty.

7. Jihad seeks to free man from oppression,tyranny and aggression & spreading security,safety mercy and compassion as well asobserving the rights of the conquered people

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8. Issued honourable strict rules about war

9. forbade torturing, killing children andwomen, robbery, destroying property,

hurting non-combatants10. Treatment of Captives (examples)

11. Treatment of Conquered People (examples)

Unit 5: Formula (i) &

(ii)


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(ii)

(i)Teachings (ii)How can Muslims put theseteachings in to action

What teachings itcontains regarding whatMuslims believe andshould practice

What are theimplications for theMuslim individual &

community Cross Ref either here or

in (ii): from Quran orSunnah

How the teachings inthis hadith can be

applied to our lives What advantages

would that have for thecommunity &

individual Modern Day example if

any

Hadith No 1:'Religion is sincerity.' We said: 'To whom?' The Prophet said: 'To

Allah, His Book, His Messenger, the leaders of the Muslims and to their common

people.

(b)( )


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1. Islam demands sincere and genuinefaith.

2. This sincerity is needed in thefundamental beliefs as well as towardsthe leaders and the members of thecommunity.

3. This means strong belief in Tawhid

(oneness of God), the divine message ofthe Quran and the messenger of Godwho conveyed this Message to us.

4. Also, the leader of the community, whofollows the Quran and Sunnah, shouldbe sincerely followed:

5. And obey God and obey the Messenger

and those charged with authorityamong you. (4:59)

6. Finally, Muslims should believe inrespecting and caring for the fellows inthe community.

1. Belief in Tawhid, Quran and the last

Messenger is demonstrated byfollowing the eternal guidance of the

Quran and Sunnah.

2. Muslims should observe the five pillars

of Islam

3. As for cooperating with the leader of

the community, Muslims should

remember the speech of Abu Bakr on

his election as caliph:

4. Help me if I am in the right, set me

right if I am in the wrong

5. Similarly, sincerity towards fellowsshould be expressed by being kind,

polite, just and respectful to them.

(b)(a)

Maulvi Jahan ir Mahmud 0321 44 60606

Hadith 2: None of you believes until he wants for his brother what he wants for

himself

(b)( )


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1. According to Islamic faith, allbelievers are bonded together by a

common faith in Islam

2. They, therefore, constitute a single

family or brotherhood where all

members are familiar to each other

regardless of geographical, racial or

linguistic barriers.

3. The Holy Quran endorses this by

saying: Believers are a single

brotherhood (49:10).

4. Now this sense of belonging to a

single family unit demands that a

spirit of sacrifice for the othermembers be nurtured and kept alive.

1. A true believer is supposed to be ready

to give preference to the needs andfeelings of his Muslim brothers over

his own.

2. He should try to emulate the example

of the Ansar of Madinah who readily

shared all their belongings with their

Muhajir brothers.3. Muslims should negate selfishness,

promote spirit of sacrifice and love for

the fellow Muslims

4. Should develop a sense of collective

welfare and make efforts to ensure

comfort and benefits for others asmuch as for himself:

5. True believers should not look down

upon others and should not taunt

them or call them by offensive nick

names or ever break ties with them.

(b)(a)


Hadith No 3 : Let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day either speak good or keep

silent, and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his neighbour, and

let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his guest.

(b)( )


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1. The Messenger of Allah, in his saying,has laid down certain cardinal

disciplines for a true believer

2. Unless belief expresses itself

practically, it remains but a

pretension.

3. Teachings of the Prophet aim at

inculcating and developing the

feelings of generosity and kindness in

our day to day interaction with others

4. True belief is palpably associated

with kindness in attitude.

5. Practical demonstration of true belief

has to be projected through action

1. A faithful believer ought to be a source of

comfort to his neighbours and shouldproject generosity and hospitality

towards all human beings giving

preference to other Muslim brethren.

2. The Quran commands its followers to be

kind and polite in speech: And speak

kindly to mankind (2:83).3. Neighbors and guests are important

components of the Muslim society and

showing them generosity would

strengthen the bonds of love and

fraternity

4. Allah elaborately enjoins upon us, in (al-

Ma'un), certain duties signifying theimportance of neighbourly needs

(b)(a)


Hadith No 4 : A man asked the Messenger: Do you think that if I say my prayers regularly,

fast in Ramadan, treat as lawful that which is lawful and treat as forbidden that which is

forbidden, and do nothing further, I shall enter paradise? He said: Yes.

(b)(a)


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1. Amongst the five pillars upon whichIslam stands, after Shahadah, the two

mentioned above are those which are

obligatory for each and every Muslim.

2. This Hadith highlights the principles

upon which is based eligibility for

Paradise.

3. Without the establishment of Salah

and observance of the Sawm, it is

impossible to avoid Hellfire

4. Another thing that is mentioned, is

the adherence to the Halal and

avoiding the Haram

5. If Islamic teachings are followed, i.e.only the lawful is acted upon and the

prohibited is shunned, the path to

Jannah becomes clear and sure

1. Salat and Sawm are both aimed at

promoting self-discipline and completesubmission to Allah's command

2. The Quran elaborates the objective of

fasting in these words:

3. O you who believe! Fasting has been

prescribed to you ____ so that you may

learn self-restraint (2:183).4. A Muslim is not merely ordered to pray

individually but to 'establish' prayer,

meaning to bond collectively with the

community through the daily prayers

and also through celebrating Ramadan

5. These together prepare the believers

to observe patience, perseverance andavoid Halal so as to achieve the

objectives

6. Thus such a conduct in life would pave

the way to Paradise.

(b)(a)


Hadith No 5 : Every person's every joint must perform a charity every day the sun comes up:

to act justly between two people is a charity; to help a man with his mount, lifting him onto

it or hoisting up his belongings onto it is a charity; every step you take to prayers is a

charity; every kind word is a charity and removing a harmful thing from the road is a charity

(b)(a)


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1. All physical powers as a gift & trustfrom Allah

2. Muslim should remember this and

express gratitude to Allah by helping

fellow Muslims brothers

3. All such acts are acts of charity

4. Such acts should be equated with

exerting energy in the worship of God

5. The Prophet said: The best among

the people are those who are a

source of benefit to the people

6. This hadith emphasizes that a Muslim

must spend each day of his or her lifedoing acts of kindness

1. Islam includes all good deeds whether

acts of worship or kindness to othersin the scope of charity that shall be

rewarded by Allah.

2. Muslims should help their brothers

and sisters in day to day affairs.

3. They should hurry to offer their

prayer, share the burden of fellows

and, wherever possible, remove

anything harmful from thoroughfares.

4. As in the examples given by the Holy

Prophet, all joints and organs of the

body working for goodness perform

acts of charity5. So much so that the Holy Prophet said

that, even a smile is a charity.

(b)(a)


Hadith No.6: Whosoever of you sees an evil action, let him change it with his

hand, and if he is not able to do so then with his tongue, and if he is not able

to do so then with his heart, and that is the weakest of faith

(b)(a)


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1. Islam teaches its followers to firstestablish a true Islamic society based onthe teachings of the Quran and Sunnah

2. The faith inside a Muslim expresses itselfthrough his or her opposition to evil

3. It further commands them to defend thesociety against all possible evils withwhatever available resources.

4. A Muslim must physically stop evil orattack it verbally, or at least havefeelings of resentment for it.

5. The Quran declares the distinguishingfactor of the Muslim Ummah as: You arethe best of the people, evolved formankind, enjoining what is right,forbidding what is wrong and believing

in Allah (3:100)6. If a person doesn't even feel bad upon

encountering an evil, then perhaps truefaith has not yet entered his or her heart.

1. Eradication of evil involves struggle of

varying degrees depending on theavailable resources with the Muslimcommunity and government.

2. If s/he does nothing, nor even feels theneed to do so s/he should be warned thatas per this Hadith, even the weakestdegree of faith is missing from his or her

heart.

3. Evil may be suppressed through speechor writings by individuals, or use of lawenforcement by Muslim rulers.

4. Thus suppressing evil, (Qital or PhysicalJihad.) or verbally admonishing

(Dawa'/intellectual Jihad) it, is the dutyof a Muslim.

5. But at all times a believer is required toshun evil internally and for this askAllahs help (Surah Falaq)

(b)(a)


Hadith No 7 : It was said: O Messenger of Allah, who is the most excellent of

men? The Messenger said: 'The believer who strives hard in the way of Allah with

his person and his property.

(b)(a)


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1. The importance of striving for the causeof Allah can easily be understood by theQuranic verse: Those who believe, andsuffer exile (Hijrah) and strive withmight and money, in Allah's cause, withtheir goods and their persons, shallattain the highest rank in the sight ofAllah (9:20)

2. Thus belief in Allah is subject andconditional to striving in His way with allresources so as to attain the status of amartyr which is the highest rewardbestowed upon the believers by Allah

3. Jihad is aimed at suppressing evil,stopping aggression and transgressionbut within the limits prescribed by thecode of conduct of war in Islam.

4. Muslims believe that all their physicaland financial resources are granted byGod, and so, they develop the spirit ofplacing them at Gods disposal.

1. The Messenger of Allah, in this Hadith,

has described some of the mostexcellent Muslims for all times, the

Mujahideen or those who conduct

Jihad with the best of their resources

2. To be included in 'the best' we must be

islamiyat studies - notes1

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