THE WORLD 500-1500 ADGlobal Regents Review #3

The Byzantine Empire

• The Eastern Roman Empire after Constantine moved the capital to Constantinople. Once Western Rome fell, it became the savior of Roman ideas. The Byzantine’s greatest emperor was __________________. He is most remembered for helping build the Church of the _______________ and establishing the _____________, a code of law based on Roman laws. Their religion was ___________________________, another branch of Catholicism. Their language was based on the _____________________________, which became the basis for the Russian alphabet.

Justinian

Hagia Sophia Justinian Code

Eastern Orthodoxy

Cyrillic Alphabet

Early Russia

• Heavily influenced by the _________________________: Eastern Orthodoxy, Cyrillic Alphabet, and architectural ideas (the dome or ______________.) Unfortunately for Russia, the ___________________ conquered Russia, and isolated Russia from Europe during the time of the European Renaissance. Eventually, the Mongols were defeated by the _______________, who became Russia’s ruling dynasty, establishing an absolute monarchy that lasted 300 years.

Byzantine Empire

The OnionMongols

Romanov’s

Africa before Europe Came

• Africa’s geography is very _________________. The north is dominated by the _________________. The rest of Africa is referred to as __________________. Many rivers flow out of the interior of Africa, making it difficult for early Europeans from entering the interior: ___________, ____________, and ___________________.

diverse

Sahara Desert

Sub-Saharan Africa

NileCongo

Niger

• Flourishing before Europe arrived were the West African (Atlantic coast of Africa) Kingdoms of _________, ________, and ____________________. They each occurred consecutively to each other, as each controlled the ______________________. Many things were traded, but the two most important items were ____________ and _____________, as they had equal value.

• Mali’s greatest leader was _____________________. He was a great king who converted to __________. He made a trans-Saharan journey to the Middle East and a pilgrimage to _________. Along the way, he caused massive _______________ due to the amount of gold he handed out to people.

Ghana MaliSonghai

Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

GoldSalt

Mansa Musa

Islam

Mecca

inflation

The Rise of Islam

• Key Beliefs: Belief in one God: _____________. Their code of conduct is the __________________, duties each Muslim must do each day their entire life. The Holy book is the _____________, an extension of the Jewish Torah and Christian Bible. The man who is the founder of Islam is ________________, the last, best Prophet.

• Once Mohammad establishes his power base, his followers begin wars of conquest, and take control of the Middle East and Northern Africa. These wars of conquest help establish the Muslim Empires. Two of the most significant ones were the ___________________ and then the largest and longest lasting empire, _______________.

Allah

5 Pillars of Faith

Koran

Mohammad

Saffavid

The Ottoman

• Both empires experienced times of great peace and prosperity, leading to __________________________. During these Golden Ages, Muslim scholars used the ideas of the ________________ and ____________________ to make many different advances, especially though in the areas of _____________ and ___________________.

Golden Ages

GreeksRomans

math science

The Mongols

• The Mongols established the largest land based empire in world history, stretching from ________________ to ___________________. While they isolated civilizations from Europe, they did encourage _______________ across their vast empire. This helped to create ______________________________. They also promoted ______________________________, allowing many different cultures to flourish in their empire, provided they paid tribute to the Mongol leaders. Their golden age was called the ____________________________.

ChinaEastern Europe

trade

cultural diffusioncultural diversity

Pax Mongolia

China

• After the Han Dynasty fell to foreign invaders in 400 AD, China had different ruling groups: _________, ________, and ________ were the most influential dynasties. All groups continued the advances made by the Han, and helped China be the most advanced country in the world during this period.

• •However, the voyages of ____________________ helped shut China’s door to the world. As he explored India and the east African coast, Chinese officials felt that the ideas he brought back were _________________ Chinese society. Therefore, they decided to close the borders, allowing minimal trade with the West.

TangSong Ming

Admiral Zheng He

corrupting

Japan• The biggest issue facing Japan

is that it is an _______________, or a chain of islands. Because it was formed by volcanoes, it is susceptible to earthquakes. Also it has a lack of _____________, forcing it to find other means to acquire them. Japan is also very mountainous, leading most people to live along the _____________ or to practice _________________ in the interior for food.

• • Because it is an island, Japan is _______________. A distinct form of government arose, known as Japanese Feudalism. It is different than European feudalism in that the leaders had more centralized _____________. For much of this time, Japan was led by the ______________________, who exploited feudalism to their benefit.

archipelago

resources

coastterrace farming

isolated

authority

Tokugawa Shogunate

The Americas

• Archaeologists theorize that the first humans arrived in the Americas by crossing the _____________________, and then migrated down the continents. Once there, these groups established civilizations that rivaled those in the Middle East for their advances. Some of these groups were the _________, ___________, and ________________.

Bering Land Bridge

Olmec Maya Aztec

• One of the best known South American groups are the _________. Living in the ______________________, they adapted to their physical environment by building a vast road system, and used _______________________ to grow crops.

IncaAndes Mountains

terrace farming