the wireless network infrastructure bible: 2014 t · the wireless network infrastructure bible:...

The Wireless Network Infrastructure Bible: 2014 – 2020Macrocell RAN, Small Cells, RRH, DAS, Cloud RAN, Carrier WiFi,

Mobile Core & Backhaul

The Wireless Network Infrastructure Bible: 2014 – 2020 Macrocell RAN, Small Cells, RRH, DAS, Cloud RAN, Carrier WiFi, Mobile Core & Backhaul

© 2014 SNS Research

..

Table of Contents

1 Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................... 29

1.1 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 29

1.2 Topics Covered .............................................................................................................................................. 31

1.3 Historical Revenue & Forecast Segmentation ............................................................................................... 32

1.4 Key Questions Answered ............................................................................................................................... 33

1.5 Key Findings ................................................................................................................................................... 35

1.6 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 37

1.7 Target Audience ............................................................................................................................................ 38

1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned ....................................................................................................... 39

2 Chapter 2: An Overview of Wireless Network Infrastructure ............................ 47

2.1 What is the Wireless Network Infrastructure Market? ................................................................................. 47

2.2 2G: GSM & CDMA .......................................................................................................................................... 48

2.2.1 2G Trends & Developments .............................................................................................................. 50

2.2.2 2G Market Summary ......................................................................................................................... 50

2.3 3G: W-CDMA, TD-SCDMA & CDMA2000 ....................................................................................................... 52


2.3.2 3G Market Summary ......................................................................................................................... 54

2.4 4G: LTE, LTE-A & WiMAX ............................................................................................................................... 56


2.4.2 4G Market Summary ......................................................................................................................... 57

2.5 Macrocell RAN Market for 2G/3G/4G ........................................................................................................... 59

2.5.1 Macrocell RAN Trends & Developments ........................................................................................... 60

2.6 HetNet RAN Market for 2G/3G/4G ............................................................................................................... 61

2.6.1 HetNet RAN Trends & Developments ............................................................................................... 62

2.6.2 Small Cells .......................................................................................................................................... 62

2.6.3 DAS .................................................................................................................................................... 62

2.6.4 Cloud RAN .......................................................................................................................................... 62

2.6.5 Carrier WiFi ........................................................................................................................................ 63

2.7 Mobile Core ................................................................................................................................................... 64



..

2.7.1 Mobile Core Trends & Developments ............................................................................................... 64

2.8 Mobile Backhaul ............................................................................................................................................ 67

2.8.1 Mobile Backhaul Trends & Developments ........................................................................................ 68

3 Chapter 3: Market Drivers, Barriers & Risks ..................................................... 69

3.1 Market Drivers............................................................................................................................................... 69

3.1.1 Mobile Subscriptions Growth ............................................................................................................ 69

3.1.1.1 Asia Pacific .................................................................................................................................................... 71

3.1.1.2 Eastern Europe .............................................................................................................................................. 72

3.1.1.3 Latin & Central America ................................................................................................................................ 73

3.1.1.4 Middle East & Africa ..................................................................................................................................... 74

3.1.1.5 North America ............................................................................................................................................... 75

3.1.1.6 Western Europe ............................................................................................................................................ 76

3.1.2 Smartphone & Tablet Proliferation ................................................................................................... 77

3.1.3 Growing Penetration of Mobile Broadband ...................................................................................... 78

3.1.4 Mobile Data Traffic Growth ............................................................................................................... 80

3.1.5 Interest from Vertical Markets .......................................................................................................... 82

3.1.6 Reducing the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) .................................................................................... 83

3.1.7 Replacement of TDM with Ethernet: Continued Growth in Backhaul .............................................. 84

3.1.8 Advances in Spectrum Flexibility & Carrier Aggregation: Driving HetNet Deployments ................... 85

3.1.9 Strategic Choice for CDMA & WiMAX Operators: Join Mainstream Ecosystem ............................... 85

3.1.10 Address 2G/3G Network Congestion ................................................................................................ 86

3.1.11 Bringing Broadband to the Masses ................................................................................................... 86

3.1.12 Trend Summary: Which Segments of the Wireless Infrastructure Market Will Witness Growth? ... 86

3.2 Barriers & Risks.............................................................................................................................................. 87

3.2.1 CapEx Commitments ......................................................................................................................... 87

3.2.2 Spectrum Scarcity .............................................................................................................................. 87

3.2.3 RAN Sharing: A Concept Embraced by Operators ............................................................................. 87

3.2.4 Operators Are Finding Innovative Ways to Address Capacity Issues ................................................ 88

3.2.5 Social, Political, Economic and Environmental Threats ..................................................................... 88

3.2.6 Country Specific Risks ........................................................................................................................ 89

3.3 Key Strategic Options for Operators ............................................................................................................. 90

3.4 Business Case for Investments in New and Existing Technologies ................................................................ 90



..

3.4.1 Gain Operational Efficiencies Through Strategic Investments .......................................................... 90

3.4.2 Invest in Capacity for Increased Revenue Opportunities .................................................................. 91

3.4.3 Deliver Best User Experience ............................................................................................................ 91

3.4.4 Reduce Competitive Threats ............................................................................................................. 91

3.4.5 Reserve Network Capacity the M2M Opportunities ......................................................................... 92

3.4.6 Increase Customer Satisfaction ......................................................................................................... 92

3.4.7 Capitalize on Differentiation Strategies ............................................................................................ 92

3.4.8 Evolve towards the Next Generation ................................................................................................ 93

4 Chapter 4: Mobile Network CapEx Review ....................................................... 94

4.1 Global Mobile Network CapEx ...................................................................................................................... 94

4.2 Regional Split ................................................................................................................................................. 95

4.3 Top 10 Operators .......................................................................................................................................... 96

4.3.1 China Mobile ..................................................................................................................................... 97

4.3.2 China Unicom .................................................................................................................................... 97

4.3.3 AT&T Mobility .................................................................................................................................... 98

4.3.4 Verizon Wireless ................................................................................................................................ 98

4.3.5 NTT DoCoMo ..................................................................................................................................... 99

4.3.6 SoftBank ............................................................................................................................................ 99

4.3.7 Sprint ............................................................................................................................................... 100

4.3.8 KDDI ................................................................................................................................................. 100

4.3.9 T-Mobile USA ................................................................................................................................... 101

4.3.10 SK Telecom ...................................................................................................................................... 101

4.4 Asia Pacific Mobile Network CapEx ............................................................................................................. 102

4.5 Eastern Europe Mobile Network CapEx ...................................................................................................... 103

4.6 Latin & Central America Mobile Network CapEx......................................................................................... 104

4.7 Middle East & Africa Mobile Network CapEx .............................................................................................. 105

4.8 North America Mobile Network CapEx ....................................................................................................... 106

4.9 Western Europe Mobile Network CapEx ..................................................................................................... 107

5 Chapter 5: Mobile Network Subscriptions & Service Revenue Review ............ 108

5.1 Global Mobile Network Subscriptions ......................................................................................................... 108

5.2 Global Mobile Network Service Revenue .................................................................................................... 109



..

5.3 Segmentation by Technology ...................................................................................................................... 110

5.3.1 Mobile Network Subscriptions by Technology ................................................................................ 110

5.3.2 Mobile Network Service Revenue by Technology ........................................................................... 111

5.4 GSM Subscriptions & Service Revenue ....................................................................................................... 112

5.5 iDEN Subscriptions & Service Revenue ....................................................................................................... 113

5.6 CDMA Subscriptions & Service Revenue ..................................................................................................... 114

5.7 W-CDMA/HSPA Subscriptions & Service Revenue ...................................................................................... 115

5.8 TD-SCDMA Subscriptions & Service Revenue .............................................................................................. 116

5.9 FDD LTE Subscriptions & Service Revenue .................................................................................................. 117

5.10 TD-LTE Subscriptions & Service Revenue ................................................................................................. 118

5.11 WiMAX Subscriptions & Service Revenue ................................................................................................ 119

5.12 Regional Split ............................................................................................................................................ 120

5.12.1 Mobile Network Subscriptions by Region ....................................................................................... 120

5.12.2 Mobile Network Service Revenue by Region .................................................................................. 121

5.13 Service Split .............................................................................................................................................. 122

5.13.1 Mobile Network Service Revenue by Service Type ......................................................................... 122

5.13.2 Voice Service Revenue .................................................................................................................... 123

5.13.3 SMS/MMS Service Revenue ............................................................................................................ 123

5.13.4 Mobile Broadband Service Revenue ............................................................................................... 124

5.14 Asia Pacific Mobile Network Subscriptions & Service Revenue ............................................................... 125

5.15 Eastern Europe Mobile Network Subscriptions & Service Revenue ........................................................ 126

5.16 Latin & Central America Mobile Network Subscriptions & Service Revenue ........................................... 127

5.17 Middle East & Africa Mobile Network Subscriptions & Service Revenue ................................................ 128

5.18 North America Mobile Network Subscriptions & Service Revenue ......................................................... 129

5.19 Western Europe Mobile Network Subscriptions & Service Revenue ....................................................... 130

6 Chapter 6: Industry Roadmap & Value Chain ................................................. 131

6.1 Industry Roadmap ....................................................................................................................................... 131

6.1.1 Initial LTE FDD Rollouts: 2010 - 2011 ............................................................................................... 131

6.1.2 Rise of the HetNet Ecosystem: 2012 - 2013 .................................................................................... 132

6.1.3 A Wave of TD-LTE Deployments: 2014 - 2016 ................................................................................. 132

6.1.4 Moving Towards “Software Centric” Networking: 2017 - 2019 ...................................................... 133



..

6.1.5 Start of the 5G Era: 2020 & Beyond ................................................................................................ 133

6.2 Value Chain .................................................................................................................................................. 134

6.3 Embedded Technology Ecosystem ........................................................................................................... 134

6.3.1 Chipset Developers .......................................................................................................................... 134

6.3.2 Embedded Component/Software Providers ................................................................................... 134

6.4 RAN Ecosystem ........................................................................................................................................ 137

6.4.1 Macrocell RAN OEMs....................................................................................................................... 137

6.4.2 ‘Pure-Play’ and Specialist Small Cell OEMs ...................................................................................... 138

6.4.3 WiFi Access Point OEMs .................................................................................................................. 139

6.4.4 DAS & Repeater Solution Providers ................................................................................................. 140

6.4.5 Cloud RAN Solution Providers ......................................................................................................... 141

6.4.6 Other Technology & Network Component Providers/Enablers ...................................................... 142

6.5 Mobile Backhaul Ecosystem ..................................................................................................................... 143

6.5.1 Backhaul Solution Providers ............................................................................................................ 143

6.6 Mobile Core Ecosystem ............................................................................................................................ 144

6.6.1 Core Network Infrastructure & Software Providers ........................................................................ 144

6.7 Connectivity Ecosystem ........................................................................................................................... 145

6.7.1 2G, 3G & 4G Wireless Carriers ......................................................................................................... 145

6.7.2 WiFi Connectivity Providers ............................................................................................................ 147

6.7.3 Small Cells as a Service (SCaaS) Providers ....................................................................................... 147

6.8 SON Ecosystem ........................................................................................................................................ 148

6.8.1 SON Solution Providers ................................................................................................................... 148

6.9 SDN & NFV Ecosystem.............................................................................................................................. 149

6.9.1 SDN & NFV Providers ....................................................................................................................... 149

7 Chapter 7: Expert Opinion – Interview Transcripts ......................................... 150

7.1 Ericsson ....................................................................................................................................................... 150

7.2 Nokia Networks ........................................................................................................................................... 154

8 Chapter 8: Vendor Landscape ........................................................................ 159

8.1 Alcatel-Lucent .............................................................................................................................................. 159

8.1.1 Portfolio ........................................................................................................................................... 159

8.1.2 Strategy ........................................................................................................................................... 160



..

8.1.3 Market Momentum ......................................................................................................................... 160

8.2 Cisco ............................................................................................................................................................ 161

8.2.1 Portfolio ........................................................................................................................................... 161

8.2.2 Strategy ........................................................................................................................................... 161

8.2.3 Market Momentum ......................................................................................................................... 162

8.3 Ericsson ....................................................................................................................................................... 163

8.3.1 Portfolio ........................................................................................................................................... 163

8.3.2 Strategy ........................................................................................................................................... 164

8.3.3 Market Momentum ......................................................................................................................... 165

8.4 Huawei ........................................................................................................................................................ 166

8.4.1 Portfolio ........................................................................................................................................... 166

8.4.2 Strategy ........................................................................................................................................... 167

8.4.3 Market Momentum ......................................................................................................................... 167

8.5 Nokia Networks ........................................................................................................................................... 168

8.5.1 Portfolio ........................................................................................................................................... 168

8.5.2 Strategy ........................................................................................................................................... 168

8.5.3 Market Momentum ......................................................................................................................... 169

8.6 Samsung ...................................................................................................................................................... 170

8.6.1 Portfolio ........................................................................................................................................... 170

8.6.2 Strategy ........................................................................................................................................... 171

8.6.3 Market Momentum ......................................................................................................................... 171

8.7 ZTE ............................................................................................................................................................... 172

8.7.1 Portfolio ........................................................................................................................................... 172

8.7.2 Strategy ........................................................................................................................................... 172

8.7.3 Market Momentum ......................................................................................................................... 172

8.8 Vendor Outlook ........................................................................................................................................... 173

8.8.1 Pricing .............................................................................................................................................. 173

8.8.2 Portfolio Diversification ................................................................................................................... 173

8.9 Vendor Ranking ........................................................................................................................................... 174

8.9.1 Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core ......................................................................................................... 174

8.9.2 Small Cell RAN ................................................................................................................................. 177

8.9.3 Carrier WiFi ...................................................................................................................................... 177



..

8.9.4 Mobile Backhaul .............................................................................................................................. 178

9 Chapter 9: Global Market Analysis & Forecasts .............................................. 179

9.1 Market Definition ........................................................................................................................................ 179

9.2 Decomposing the Global Wireless Network Infrastructure Market ............................................................ 179

9.3 Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core..................................................................................................................... 182

9.3.1 2G/3G vs. 4G Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue.................................................................... 183

9.3.2 Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue by Region ......................................................................... 184

9.4 Macrocell RAN Submarket .......................................................................................................................... 185

9.4.1 Macrocell RAN Revenue .................................................................................................................. 185

9.4.2 Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipments .......................................................................................... 186

9.4.3 Segmentation by Infrastructure Component .................................................................................. 187

9.4.4 Segmentation by Region ................................................................................................................. 188

9.4.5 Segmentation by Technology .......................................................................................................... 189

9.4.6 Base Station Segmentation by Region ............................................................................................. 190

9.4.7 Base Station Segmentation by Technology ..................................................................................... 191

9.4.8 GSM Base Station Shipments & Revenue ........................................................................................ 192

9.4.9 CDMA2000/EV-DO Base Station Shipments & Revenue ................................................................. 193

9.4.10 TD-SCDMA Base Station Shipments & Revenue .............................................................................. 194

9.4.11 W-CDMA/HSPA Base Station Shipments & Revenue ...................................................................... 195

9.4.12 LTE FDD Base Station Shipments & Revenue .................................................................................. 196

9.4.13 TD-LTE Base Station Shipments & Revenue .................................................................................... 197

9.4.14 WiMAX Base Station Shipments & Revenue ................................................................................... 198

9.4.15 Base Station Controller Segmentation by Region ........................................................................... 199

9.4.16 Base Station Controller Segmentation by Technology .................................................................... 199

9.4.17 GSM Base Station Controller Revenue ............................................................................................ 200

9.4.18 CDMA2000 Base Station Controller Revenue.................................................................................. 200

9.4.19 TD-SCDMA Base Station Controller Revenue .................................................................................. 201

9.4.20 W-CDMA Base Station Controller Revenue ..................................................................................... 201

9.5 Mobile Core Submarket .............................................................................................................................. 202





..

9.5.3 3G Packet Core Submarket .............................................................................................................. 204

9.5.4 WiMAX ASN & CSN Submarket........................................................................................................ 205

9.5.5 EPC Submarket ................................................................................................................................ 206

9.6 Home Location Register (HLR) Submarket .................................................................................................. 207


9.7 Mobile Switching Subsystem (MSS) Submarket .......................................................................................... 209


9.7.2 Segmentation by Submarket ........................................................................................................... 210

9.7.3 Mobile Switching Center ................................................................................................................. 211

9.7.4 Mobile Soft Switch .......................................................................................................................... 211

9.8 Small Cell RAN Submarket ........................................................................................................................... 212

9.8.1 Small Cell Revenue .......................................................................................................................... 212

9.8.2 Small Cell Unit Shipments ................................................................................................................ 213


9.8.4 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology ..................................................................................... 215

9.8.5 GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue .......................................................... 216

9.8.6 CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue .............................................................. 217

9.8.7 LTE FDD Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ............................................................................... 218

9.8.8 TD-LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ................................................................................. 219

9.8.9 WiMAX Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ................................................................................ 220

9.8.10 Segmentation by Cell Size ............................................................................................................... 221

9.8.11 Microcell Unit Shipments & Revenue .............................................................................................. 222

9.8.12 Picocell Unit Shipments & Revenue ................................................................................................ 223

9.8.13 Femtocell Unit Shipments & Revenue ............................................................................................. 224

9.9 Carrier WiFi Submarket ............................................................................................................................... 225

9.9.1 Carrier WiFi Revenue ....................................................................................................................... 225

9.9.2 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments ............................................................................................................ 226


9.9.4 Segmentation by Equipment Type .................................................................................................. 228

9.9.5 Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue .................................................................... 229

9.9.6 Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments & Revenue ................................................... 230

9.9.7 Segmentation by Integration Approach .......................................................................................... 231



..

9.9.8 Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue ................................................... 232

9.9.9 Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue ..................................... 233

9.10 Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Submarket ...................................................................................... 234


9.11 Remote Radio Head (RRH) Submarket ..................................................................................................... 236

9.11.1 Remote Radio Head (RRH) Revenue ................................................................................................ 236

9.11.2 Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipments ..................................................................................... 237


9.12 Macrocell Backhaul Submarket ................................................................................................................ 239



9.12.3 ATM ................................................................................................................................................. 242

9.12.4 Coaxial Cable ................................................................................................................................... 242

9.12.5 DSL ................................................................................................................................................... 243

9.12.6 Ethernet over Copper ...................................................................................................................... 243

9.12.7 Ethernet over Fiber ......................................................................................................................... 244

9.12.8 Microwave Radio ............................................................................................................................. 244

9.12.9 PDH .................................................................................................................................................. 245

9.12.10 PON.................................................................................................................................................. 245

9.12.11 Satellite ............................................................................................................................................ 246

9.12.12 SONET, SDH & WDM ....................................................................................................................... 246

9.12.13 WiMAX ............................................................................................................................................. 247

9.13 Small Cell Backhaul Submarket ................................................................................................................ 248



9.13.3 Ethernet over Copper ...................................................................................................................... 251

9.13.4 Ethernet over Fiber ......................................................................................................................... 251

9.13.5 DSL ................................................................................................................................................... 252

9.13.6 NLOS Microwave (Below 6 GHz) ...................................................................................................... 252

9.13.7 PTP Microwave (6-60 GHz) .............................................................................................................. 253

9.13.8 PTMP Microwave (6-60 GHz) .......................................................................................................... 253

9.13.9 Millimeter Wave (unlicensed 60 GHz) ............................................................................................. 254



..

9.13.10 Millimeter Wave (licensed 71-76, 81-86 GHz) ................................................................................. 254

9.13.11 Satellite ............................................................................................................................................ 255

10 Chapter 10: Regional Market Analysis & Forecasts ......................................... 256

10.1 Asia Pacific ................................................................................................................................................ 256

10.1.1 Macrocell RAN and Mobile Core ..................................................................................................... 256

10.1.2 Macrocell RAN ................................................................................................................................. 257

10.1.3 Macrocell RAN Base Stations........................................................................................................... 258

10.1.4 GSM Base Stations ........................................................................................................................... 259

10.1.5 CDMA2000/EV-DO Base Stations .................................................................................................... 260

10.1.6 TD-SCDMA Base Stations ................................................................................................................. 261

10.1.7 W-CDMA/HSPA Base Stations ......................................................................................................... 262

10.1.8 LTE FDD Base Stations ..................................................................................................................... 263

10.1.9 TD-LTE Base Stations ....................................................................................................................... 264

10.1.10 WiMAX Base Stations ...................................................................................................................... 265

10.1.11 Base Station Controller .................................................................................................................... 266

10.1.12 GSM Base Station Controller ........................................................................................................... 266

10.1.13 CDMA2000 Base Station Controller ................................................................................................ 267

10.1.14 TD-SCDMA Base Station Controller Revenue .................................................................................. 267


10.1.16 Mobile Core ..................................................................................................................................... 269

10.1.17 3G Packet Core ................................................................................................................................ 269

10.1.18 WiMAX ASN & CSN .......................................................................................................................... 270

10.1.19 EPC ................................................................................................................................................... 270

10.1.20 Home Location Register (HLR) ......................................................................................................... 271

10.1.21 Mobile Switching Subsystem (MSS) ................................................................................................ 271

10.1.22 Small Cell RAN ................................................................................................................................. 272

10.1.23 Carrier WiFi ...................................................................................................................................... 273

10.1.24 Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) ................................................................................................ 274

10.1.25 Remote Radio Head (RRH) ............................................................................................................... 275

10.1.26 Macrocell Backhaul ......................................................................................................................... 276

10.1.27 Small Cell Backhaul .......................................................................................................................... 276



..

10.2 Eastern Europe ......................................................................................................................................... 277


10.2.2 Macrocell RAN ................................................................................................................................. 278












10.2.14 Mobile Core ..................................................................................................................................... 288

10.2.15 3G Packet Core ................................................................................................................................ 288

10.2.16 WiMAX ASN & CSN .......................................................................................................................... 289

10.2.17 EPC ................................................................................................................................................... 289



10.2.20 Small Cell RAN ................................................................................................................................. 291

10.2.21 Carrier WiFi ...................................................................................................................................... 292





10.3 Latin & Central America ........................................................................................................................... 296


10.3.2 Macrocell RAN ................................................................................................................................. 297






..









10.3.14 Mobile Core ..................................................................................................................................... 307

10.3.15 3G Packet Core ................................................................................................................................ 307

10.3.16 WiMAX ASN & CSN .......................................................................................................................... 308

10.3.17 EPC ................................................................................................................................................... 308



10.3.20 Small Cell RAN ................................................................................................................................. 310

10.3.21 Carrier WiFi ...................................................................................................................................... 311





10.4 Middle East & Africa ................................................................................................................................. 315


10.4.2 Macrocell RAN ................................................................................................................................. 316












..



10.4.14 Mobile Core ..................................................................................................................................... 326

10.4.15 3G Packet Core ................................................................................................................................ 326

10.4.16 WiMAX ASN & CSN .......................................................................................................................... 327

10.4.17 EPC ................................................................................................................................................... 327



10.4.20 Small Cell RAN ................................................................................................................................. 329

10.4.21 Carrier WiFi ...................................................................................................................................... 330





10.5 North America .......................................................................................................................................... 334


10.5.2 Macrocell RAN ................................................................................................................................. 335












10.5.14 Mobile Core ..................................................................................................................................... 345

10.5.15 3G Packet Core ................................................................................................................................ 345

10.5.16 WiMAX ASN & CSN .......................................................................................................................... 346

10.5.17 EPC ................................................................................................................................................... 346



..



10.5.20 Small Cell RAN ................................................................................................................................. 348

10.5.21 Carrier WiFi ...................................................................................................................................... 349





10.6 Western Europe ....................................................................................................................................... 353


10.6.2 Macrocell RAN ................................................................................................................................. 354












10.6.14 Mobile Core ..................................................................................................................................... 364

10.6.15 3G Packet Core ................................................................................................................................ 364

10.6.16 WiMAX ASN & CSN .......................................................................................................................... 365

10.6.17 EPC ................................................................................................................................................... 365



10.6.20 Small Cell RAN ................................................................................................................................. 367

10.6.21 Carrier WiFi ...................................................................................................................................... 368





..



11 Chapter 11: Prospects of the 5G Market ........................................................ 372

11.1 5G Standardization and Research Initiatives ........................................................................................... 372

11.1.1 METIS ............................................................................................................................................... 372

11.1.2 5G-PPP ............................................................................................................................................. 373

11.1.3 Korea’s 5G Forum ............................................................................................................................ 374

11.1.4 Japan’s ARIB 2020 and Beyond AdHoc ............................................................................................ 374

11.1.5 China’s IMT 2020 ............................................................................................................................. 374

11.2 How much is being Invested in 5G R&D? ................................................................................................. 375

11.3 5G Requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 376

11.4 Vertical Industries to Play a Key Role ....................................................................................................... 376

11.5 SDN Capabilities Considered Inherit for 5G ............................................................................................. 377

11.6 Spectrum Aggregation is a Necessity ....................................................................................................... 377

11.7 Authorized Shared Access (ASA) .............................................................................................................. 377

11.8 Will 5G be a New Air Interface? ............................................................................................................... 378

11.9 5G Demonstrations .................................................................................................................................. 378

11.9.1 Samsung .......................................................................................................................................... 378

11.9.2 Nokia Networks ............................................................................................................................... 378

11.9.3 Huawei ............................................................................................................................................. 379

11.10 Global Harmonization Prospects ......................................................................................................... 379

12 Chapter 12: Conclusion & Strategic Recommendations .................................. 380

12.1 Enterprise RAN Deployments Gain Traction ............................................................................................ 380

12.2 Is Mobile Network Virtualization a Threat to the Wireless Network Infrastructure Market? ................. 381

12.3 Wireless Incumbents Could Face Cloud Rivals: Thanks to SDN & NFV .................................................... 382

12.4 Spectrum: Driving Continued Acquisitions by Incumbent Operators ...................................................... 382

12.5 LTE-A: Upgrades for Capacity & Coverage Boosts .................................................................................... 383

12.6 China’s TDD Spectrum Allocation: Starting an Era of Large-Scale TD-LTE Deployments ......................... 383

12.7 Smart Cities: Wireless Infrastructure Vendors to Lead the Way.............................................................. 384

12.8 Standardization Driving RAN & WiFi Integration ..................................................................................... 384

12.9 Vendors Bringing LTE-Broadcast into Focus ............................................................................................. 385



..

12.10 Vendor Specific HetNet Offerings: Disrupting Traditional Network Architectures ............................. 386

12.11 Operators Will Strive for Agility ........................................................................................................... 386

12.12 SWOT Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 387

12.13 Strategic Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 388

12.13.1 Recommendations for Operators .................................................................................................... 388

12.13.2 Recommendations for Infrastructure Vendors ............................................................................... 390



..

List of Figures

Figure 1: Subsegments of the Wireless Network Infrastructure Market ................................................................................................................. 47

Figure 2: Global GSM Networks: 1991 - 2014 .......................................................................................................................................................... 49

Figure 3: Global GSM Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ................................................................................................................................... 49

Figure 4: Global W-CDMA & HSPA Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ............................................................................................................... 53

Figure 5: Global W-CDMA & HSPA Subscriptions (%): 2014 .................................................................................................................................... 54

Figure 6: Global LTE Commercial Network Launches: 2009 - 2014 .......................................................................................................................... 57

Figure 7: Macrocell RAN Component Segmentation by Technology ....................................................................................................................... 59

Figure 8: HetNet RAN Component Segmentation by Technology ........................................................................................................................... 61

Figure 9: Global Voice over LTE (VoLTE) User Forecast: 2013 – 2020 (Millions) ...................................................................................................... 66

Figure 10: Mobile Backhaul Segmentation by Technology ...................................................................................................................................... 67

Figure 11: Global Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ............................................................................................................... 69

Figure 12: LTE Penetration by Region: 2010 – 2020 (%) .......................................................................................................................................... 70

Figure 13: LTE Penetration in Asia Pacific: 2010 – 2020 (%) .................................................................................................................................... 71

Figure 14: LTE Penetration in Eastern Europe: 2010 – 2020 (%).............................................................................................................................. 72

Figure 15: LTE Penetration in Latin & Central America: 2010 – 2020 (%) ................................................................................................................ 73

Figure 16: LTE Penetration in Middle East & Africa: 2010 – 2020 (%) ..................................................................................................................... 74

Figure 17: LTE Penetration in North America: 2010 – 2020 (%) .............................................................................................................................. 75

Figure 18: LTE Penetration in Western Europe: 2010 – 2020 (%) ............................................................................................................................ 76

Figure 19: Global Smartphone & Tablet Shipments: 2010 – 2020 (Millions of Units) .............................................................................................. 77

Figure 20: Global Smartphone vs. Feature & Basic Phone Shipments: 2010 – 2020 (Millions of Units) .................................................................. 78

Figure 21: Global Mobile Broadband & Voice Service Revenue Compared: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ....................................................................... 79

Figure 22: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Region: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) ............................................................ 80

Figure 23: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Access Network Type: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) ..................................... 81

Figure 24: Private Public Safety LTE Infrastructure Spending: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ............................................................................................ 82

Figure 25: Average Annual Traffic & Revenue Growth Compared for a Tier 1 Operator: 2010 – 2014 (%) ............................................................. 83

Figure 26: TCO Comparison for 2G, 3G, LTE and HetNet Deployments ($ per GB) .................................................................................................. 84

Figure 27: Strategic Options for Operators.............................................................................................................................................................. 90

Figure 28: Global Mobile Network CapEx: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) .......................................................................................................................... 94

Figure 29: Mobile Network CapEx by Region: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ..................................................................................................................... 95

Figure 30: Mobile Network CapEx for Top 10 Operators ($ Billion) ......................................................................................................................... 96

Figure 31: China Mobile CapEx Commitments ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................ 97

Figure 32: China Unicom CapEx Commitments ($ Billion) ....................................................................................................................................... 97

Figure 33: AT&T Mobility CapEx Commitments ($ Billion)....................................................................................................................................... 98

Figure 34: Verizon Wireless CapEx Commitments ($ Billion) ................................................................................................................................... 98

Figure 35: NTT DoCoMo CapEx Commitments ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................ 99

Figure 36: SoftBank CapEx Commitments ($ Billion) ............................................................................................................................................... 99

Figure 37: Sprint CapEx Commitments ($ Billion) .................................................................................................................................................. 100

Figure 38: KDDI CapEx Commitments ($ Billion) .................................................................................................................................................... 100

Figure 39: T-Mobile USA CapEx Commitments ($ Billion) ...................................................................................................................................... 101



..

Figure 40: SK Telecom CapEx Commitments ($ Billion) ......................................................................................................................................... 101

Figure 41: Asia Pacific Mobile Network CapEx: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ................................................................................................................. 102

Figure 42: Eastern Europe Mobile Network CapEx: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) .......................................................................................................... 103

Figure 43: Latin & Central America Mobile Network CapEx: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ............................................................................................. 104

Figure 44: Middle East & Africa Mobile Network CapEx: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) .................................................................................................. 105

Figure 45: North America Mobile Network CapEx: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................... 106

Figure 46: Western Europe Mobile Network CapEx: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ......................................................................................................... 107

Figure 47: Global Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ............................................................................................................. 108

Figure 48: Global Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................ 109

Figure 49: Global Mobile Network Subscriptions by Technology: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ..................................................................................... 110

Figure 50: Global Mobile Network Service Revenue by Technology: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ................................................................................ 111

Figure 51: GSM Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ............................................................................................................... 112

Figure 52: GSM Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) .......................................................................................................... 112

Figure 53: iDEN Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ............................................................................................................... 113

Figure 54: iDEN Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) .......................................................................................................... 113

Figure 55: CDMA Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ............................................................................................................. 114

Figure 56: CDMA Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................ 114

Figure 57: W-CDMA/HSPA Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) .............................................................................................. 115

Figure 58: W-CDMA/HSPA Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ......................................................................................... 115

Figure 59: TD-SCDMA Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ...................................................................................................... 116

Figure 60: TD-SCDMA Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ................................................................................................. 116

Figure 61: FDD LTE Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) .......................................................................................................... 117

Figure 62: FDD LTE Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ..................................................................................................... 117

Figure 63: TD-LTE Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ............................................................................................................ 118

Figure 64: TD-LTE Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ....................................................................................................... 118

Figure 65: WiMAX Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ........................................................................................................... 119

Figure 66: WiMAX Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ...................................................................................................... 119

Figure 67: Mobile Network Subscriptions by Region: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ....................................................................................................... 120

Figure 68: Mobile Network Service Revenue by Region: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) .................................................................................................. 121

Figure 69: Mobile Network Subscriptions by Service Type: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) .............................................................................................. 122

Figure 70: Mobile Network Voice Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ......................................................................................................... 123

Figure 71: Mobile Network SMS/MMS Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ................................................................................................. 123

Figure 72: Mobile Network Broadband Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ................................................................................................. 124

Figure 73: Asia Pacific Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ..................................................................................................... 125

Figure 74: Asia Pacific Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ................................................................................................ 125

Figure 75: Eastern Europe Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ............................................................................................... 126

Figure 76: Eastern Europe Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) .......................................................................................... 126

Figure 77: Latin & Central America Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ................................................................................. 127

Figure 78: Latin & Central America Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ............................................................................ 127

Figure 79: Middle East & Africa Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ....................................................................................... 128

Figure 80: Middle East & Africa Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) .................................................................................. 128

Figure 81: North America Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ................................................................................................ 129

Figure 82: North America Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................... 129



..

Figure 83: Western Europe Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ............................................................................................. 130

Figure 84: Western Europe Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................ 130

Figure 85: The Wireless Network Infrastructure Industry Roadmap: 2014 - 2020 ................................................................................................ 131

Figure 86: The Wireless Network Infrastructure Value Chain ................................................................................................................................ 135

Figure 87: Embedded Technology Ecosystem Players ........................................................................................................................................... 136

Figure 88: Macrocell RAN Ecosystem Players ........................................................................................................................................................ 137

Figure 89: Specialist Small Cell RAN Ecosystem Players ........................................................................................................................................ 138

Figure 90: Carrier WiFi Ecosystem Players............................................................................................................................................................. 139

Figure 91: DAS & Repeater Ecosystem Players ...................................................................................................................................................... 140

Figure 92: Cloud RAN Ecosystem Players .............................................................................................................................................................. 141

Figure 93: Mobile Backhaul Ecosystem Players ..................................................................................................................................................... 143

Figure 94: Mobile Core Ecosystem Players ............................................................................................................................................................ 144

Figure 95: List of LTE Trials & Deployments ........................................................................................................................................................... 146

Figure 96: SON Ecosystem Players ........................................................................................................................................................................ 148

Figure 97: SDN & NFV Ecosystem Players .............................................................................................................................................................. 149

Figure 98: Macrocell RAN Infrastructure Vendor Share: 2013 (%) ........................................................................................................................ 174

Figure 99: Mobile Core Infrastructure Vendor Share: 2013 (%) ............................................................................................................................ 175

Figure 100: LTE Infrastructure Vendor Share: 2013 (%)......................................................................................................................................... 175

Figure 101: WiMAX Infrastructure Vendor Share: 2013 (%) .................................................................................................................................. 176

Figure 102: 2G & 3G Infrastructure Vendor Share: 2013 (%) ................................................................................................................................. 176

Figure 103: Small Cell RAN Infrastructure Vendor Share: 2013 (%) ....................................................................................................................... 177

Figure 104: Carrier WiFi Infrastructure Vendor Share: 2013 (%) ........................................................................................................................... 177

Figure 105: Mobile Backhaul Infrastructure Vendor Share: 2013 (%).................................................................................................................... 178

Figure 106: Global Wireless Network Infrastructure Revenue by Submarket: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million)................................................................. 180

Figure 107: Global Wireless Network Infrastructure Market Share by Submarket: 2014 (%) ................................................................................ 181

Figure 108: Global Wireless Network Infrastructure Market Share by Submarket: 2020 (%) ................................................................................ 181

Figure 109: Global Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................... 182

Figure 110: Global 2G/3G vs. 4G Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................... 183

Figure 111: Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue by Region: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................... 184

Figure 112: Global Macrocell RAN Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................... 185

Figure 113: Global Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipments: 2010 – 2020 ............................................................................................................. 186

Figure 114: Global Macrocell RAN Revenue by Infrastructure Component: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................... 187

Figure 115: Macrocell RAN Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................... 188

Figure 116: Global Macrocell RAN Revenue by Technology: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................ 189

Figure 117: Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 ........................................................................................................ 190

Figure 118: Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................... 190

Figure 119: Global Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipments by Technology: 2010 - 2020 ...................................................................................... 191

Figure 120: Global Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue by Technology: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................... 191

Figure 121: GSM Macrocell Base Station Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020........................................................................................................ 192

Figure 122: GSM Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................. 192

Figure 123: CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell Base Station Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 ................................................................................. 193

Figure 124: CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................... 193

Figure 125: TD-SCDMA Macrocell Base Station Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 .............................................................................................. 194



..

Figure 126: TD-SCDMA Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................... 194

Figure 127: W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell Base Station Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 ...................................................................................... 195

Figure 128: W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................ 195

Figure 129: LTE FDD Macrocell Base Station Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 .................................................................................................. 196

Figure 130: LTE FDD Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................ 196

Figure 131: TD-LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 .................................................................................................... 197

Figure 132: TD-LTE Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................. 197

Figure 133: WiMAX Macrocell Base Station Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 ................................................................................................... 198

Figure 134: WiMAX Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................. 198

Figure 135: Macrocell Base Station Controller Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................. 199

Figure 136: Global Macrocell Base Station Controller Revenue by Technology: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................. 199

Figure 137: GSM Base Station Controller Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................................... 200

Figure 138: CDMA2000 Base Station Controller Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................. 200

Figure 139: TD-SCDMA Base Station Controller Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................... 201

Figure 140: W-CDMA Base Station Controller Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................. 201

Figure 141: Global Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................... 202

Figure 142: Mobile Core Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)................................................................................................................... 203

Figure 143: Global Mobile Core Revenue by Technology: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................ 203

Figure 144: Global 3G Packet Core Revenue by Submarket: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................ 204

Figure 145: 3G Packet Core Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................. 204

Figure 146: Global WiMAX ASN & CSN Revenue by Submarket: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................... 205

Figure 147: WiMAX ASN & CSN Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................ 205

Figure 148: EPC Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................ 206

Figure 149: Global Home Location Register (HLR) Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................... 207

Figure 150: Home Location Register (HLR) Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................... 208

Figure 151: Global Mobile Switching Subsystem (MSS) Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................... 209

Figure 152: Mobile Switching Subsystem Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................................... 210

Figure 153: Global Mobile Switching Subsystem Revenue by Submarket: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................... 210

Figure 154: Global Mobile Switching Center Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................................... 211

Figure 155: Global Mobile Soft Switch Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................. 211

Figure 156: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................................... 212

Figure 157: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 – 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................................ 213

Figure 158: Small Cell Unit Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................ 214

Figure 159: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................... 214

Figure 160: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Air Interface Technology: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .................................................... 215

Figure 161: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Air Interface Technology: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................ 215

Figure 162: Global GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................. 216

Figure 163: Global GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................. 216

Figure 164: Global CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .................................................................. 217

Figure 165: Global CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)...................................................................... 217

Figure 166: Global LTE FDD Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................... 218

Figure 167: Global LTE FDD Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................... 218

Figure 168: Global TD-LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................... 219



..

Figure 169: Global TD-LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................ 219

Figure 170: Global WiMAX Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .................................................................................... 220

Figure 171: Global WiMAX Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................... 220

Figure 172: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Cell Size: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................. 221

Figure 173: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Cell Size: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................. 221

Figure 174: Global Microcell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .................................................................................................. 222

Figure 175: Global Microcell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................................... 222

Figure 176: Global Picocell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .................................................................................................... 223

Figure 177: Global Picocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................ 223

Figure 178: Global Femtocell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................................. 224

Figure 179: Global Femtocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................................... 224

Figure 180: Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................ 225

Figure 181: Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments: 2010 – 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................. 226

Figure 182: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ........................................................................................ 227

Figure 183: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................... 227

Figure 184: Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments by Equipment Type: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................. 228

Figure 185: Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue by Equipment Type: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................. 228

Figure 186: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ......................................................................... 229

Figure 187: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................ 229

Figure 188: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ........................................................ 230

Figure 189: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................... 230

Figure 190: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments by Integration Approach: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................. 231

Figure 191: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue by Integration Approach: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................... 231

Figure 192: Global Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ........................................................ 232

Figure 193: Global Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................... 232

Figure 194: Global Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ......................................... 233

Figure 195: Global Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................. 233

Figure 196: Global Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................... 234

Figure 197: Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................. 235

Figure 198: Global Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................... 236

Figure 199: Global Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipments: 2010 – 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...................................................................... 237

Figure 200: Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................. 238

Figure 201: Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................... 238

Figure 202: Global Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................ 239

Figure 203: Macrocell Backhaul Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................... 240

Figure 204: Global Macrocell Backhaul Revenue by Technology: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................... 241

Figure 205: Global ATM Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................................... 242

Figure 206: Global Coaxial Cable Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)....................................................................................... 242

Figure 207: Global DSL Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................................... 243

Figure 208: Global Ethernet over Copper Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................... 243

Figure 209: Global Ethernet over Fiber Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................. 244

Figure 210: Global Microwave Radio Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................ 244

Figure 211: Global PDH Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................................... 245



..

Figure 212: Global PON Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................................... 245

Figure 213: Global Satellite Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................... 246

Figure 214: Global SONET, SDH & WDM Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................... 246

Figure 215: Global WiMAX Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................ 247

Figure 216: Global Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................ 248

Figure 217: Small Cell Backhaul Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................ 249

Figure 218: Global Small Cell Backhaul Revenue by Technology: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................... 250

Figure 219: Global Ethernet over Copper Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................... 251

Figure 220: Global Ethernet over Fiber Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................. 251

Figure 221: Global DSL Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................................... 252

Figure 222: Global NLOS Microwave (Below 6 GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million).......................................................... 252

Figure 223: Global PTP Microwave (6-60 GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................. 253

Figure 224: Global PTMP Microwave (6-60 GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................. 253

Figure 225: Global Millimeter Wave (unlicensed 60 GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................. 254

Figure 226: Global Millimeter Wave (licensed 71-76, 81-86 GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................... 254

Figure 227: Global Satellite Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................... 255

Figure 228: Asia Pacific Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................... 256

Figure 229: Asia Pacific 2G/3G vs. 4G Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................... 257

Figure 230: Asia Pacific Macrocell RAN Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................. 257

Figure 231: Asia Pacific Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ...................................................................................................... 258

Figure 232: Asia Pacific Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................ 258

Figure 233: Asia Pacific GSM Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020...................................................................................................... 259

Figure 234: Asia Pacific GSM Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................... 259

Figure 235: Asia Pacific CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ............................................................................... 260

Figure 236: Asia Pacific CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................... 260

Figure 237: Asia Pacific TD-SCDMA Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ............................................................................................ 261

Figure 238: Asia Pacific TD-SCDMA Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................... 261

Figure 239: Asia Pacific W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 .................................................................................... 262

Figure 240: Asia Pacific W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................. 262

Figure 241: Asia Pacific LTE FDD Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ................................................................................................ 263

Figure 242: Asia Pacific LTE FDD Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................... 263

Figure 243: Asia Pacific TD-LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 .................................................................................................. 264

Figure 244: Asia Pacific TD-LTE Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................ 264

Figure 245: Asia Pacific WiMAX Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ................................................................................................. 265

Figure 246: Asia Pacific WiMAX Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................... 265

Figure 247: Asia Pacific Macrocell Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................... 266

Figure 248: Asia Pacific GSM Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................... 266

Figure 249: Asia Pacific CDMA2000 Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................ 267

Figure 250: Asia Pacific TD-SCDMA Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................. 267

Figure 251: Asia Pacific W-CDMA Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................ 268

Figure 252: Asia Pacific Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................. 269

Figure 253: Asia Pacific 3G Packet Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................ 269

Figure 254: Asia Pacific WiMAX ASN & CSN Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................................... 270



..

Figure 255: Asia Pacific EPC Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................. 270

Figure 256: Asia Pacific Home Location Register (HLR) Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................... 271

Figure 257: Asia Pacific Mobile Switching Subsystem Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................... 271

Figure 258: Asia Pacific Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................................................... 272

Figure 259: Asia Pacific Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................. 272

Figure 260: Asia Pacific Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...................................................................................... 273

Figure 261: Asia Pacific Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................................... 273

Figure 262: Asia Pacific Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................ 274

Figure 263: Asia Pacific Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................... 275

Figure 264: Asia Pacific Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................... 275

Figure 265: Asia Pacific Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................................... 276

Figure 266: Asia Pacific Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................................... 276

Figure 267: Eastern Europe Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................. 277

Figure 268: Eastern Europe 2G/3G vs. 4G Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................ 278

Figure 269: Eastern Europe Macrocell RAN Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................................... 278

Figure 270: Eastern Europe Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ................................................................................................ 279

Figure 271: Eastern Europe Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................. 279

Figure 272: Eastern Europe GSM Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ............................................................................................... 280

Figure 273: Eastern Europe GSM Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................... 280

Figure 274: Eastern Europe CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ......................................................................... 281

Figure 275: Eastern Europe CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................. 281

Figure 276: Eastern Europe W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 .............................................................................. 282

Figure 277: Eastern Europe W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................... 282

Figure 278: Eastern Europe LTE FDD Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 .......................................................................................... 283

Figure 279: Eastern Europe LTE FDD Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................... 283

Figure 280: Eastern Europe TD-LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020............................................................................................ 284

Figure 281: Eastern Europe TD-LTE Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................... 284

Figure 282: Eastern Europe WiMAX Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020........................................................................................... 285

Figure 283: Eastern Europe WiMAX Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................... 285

Figure 284: Eastern Europe Macrocell Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................ 286

Figure 285: Eastern Europe GSM Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................ 286

Figure 286: Eastern Europe CDMA2000 Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................... 287

Figure 287: Eastern Europe W-CDMA Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................... 287

Figure 288: Eastern Europe Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................... 288

Figure 289: Eastern Europe 3G Packet Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................................... 288

Figure 290: Eastern Europe WiMAX ASN & CSN Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................... 289

Figure 291: Eastern Europe EPC Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................... 289

Figure 292: Eastern Europe Home Location Register (HLR) Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................. 290

Figure 293: Eastern Europe Mobile Switching Subsystem Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................ 290

Figure 294: Eastern Europe Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................... 291

Figure 295: Eastern Europe Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................... 291

Figure 296: Eastern Europe Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................... 292

Figure 297: Eastern Europe Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................... 292



..

Figure 298: Eastern Europe Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................... 293

Figure 299: Eastern Europe Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ......................................................... 294

Figure 300: Eastern Europe Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................ 294

Figure 301: Eastern Europe Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................... 295

Figure 302: Eastern Europe Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................... 295

Figure 303: Latin & Central America Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................ 296

Figure 304: Latin & Central America 2G/3G vs. 4G Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)........................................... 297

Figure 305: Latin & Central America Macrocell RAN Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................ 297

Figure 306: Latin & Central America Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 .................................................................................. 298

Figure 307: Latin & Central America Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................... 298

Figure 308: Latin & Central America GSM Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ................................................................................. 299

Figure 309: Latin & Central America GSM Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................... 299

Figure 310: Latin & Central America CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ........................................................... 300

Figure 311: Latin & Central America CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................... 300

Figure 312: Latin & Central America W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ................................................................ 301

Figure 313: Latin & Central America W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................... 301

Figure 314: Latin & Central America LTE FDD Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ............................................................................ 302

Figure 315: Latin & Central America LTE FDD Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................... 302

Figure 316: Latin & Central America TD-LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 .............................................................................. 303

Figure 317: Latin & Central America TD-LTE Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................ 303

Figure 318: Latin & Central America WiMAX Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ............................................................................. 304

Figure 319: Latin & Central America WiMAX Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................... 304

Figure 320: Latin & Central America Macrocell Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................... 305

Figure 321: Latin & Central America GSM Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................... 305

Figure 322: Latin & Central America CDMA2000 Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................ 306

Figure 323: Latin & Central America W-CDMA Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................ 306

Figure 324: Latin & Central America Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................ 307

Figure 325: Latin & Central America 3G Packet Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................ 307

Figure 326: Latin & Central America WiMAX ASN & CSN Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................. 308

Figure 327: Latin & Central America EPC Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................... 308

Figure 328: Latin & Central America Home Location Register (HLR) Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)................................................................. 309

Figure 329: Latin & Central America Mobile Switching Subsystem Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................. 309

Figure 330: Latin & Central America Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................... 310

Figure 331: Latin & Central America Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................... 310

Figure 332: Latin & Central America Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .................................................................. 311

Figure 333: Latin & Central America Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................... 311

Figure 334: Latin & Central America Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................ 312

Figure 335: Latin & Central America Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ........................................... 313

Figure 336: Latin & Central America Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................. 313

Figure 337: Latin & Central America Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................. 314

Figure 338: Latin & Central America Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................. 314

Figure 339: Middle East & Africa Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................... 315

Figure 340: Middle East & Africa 2G/3G vs. 4G Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................ 316



..

Figure 341: Middle East & Africa Macrocell RAN Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................. 316

Figure 342: Middle East & Africa Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020........................................................................................ 317

Figure 343: Middle East & Africa Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................... 317

Figure 344: Middle East & Africa GSM Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ....................................................................................... 318

Figure 345: Middle East & Africa GSM Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)................................................. 318

Figure 346: Middle East & Africa CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ................................................................ 319

Figure 347: Middle East & Africa CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................... 319

Figure 348: Middle East & Africa W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020...................................................................... 320

Figure 349: Middle East & Africa W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................... 320

Figure 350: Middle East & Africa LTE FDD Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ................................................................................. 321

Figure 351: Middle East & Africa LTE FDD Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................... 321

Figure 352: Middle East & Africa TD-LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ................................................................................... 322

Figure 353: Middle East & Africa TD-LTE Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................. 322

Figure 354: Middle East & Africa WiMAX Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 .................................................................................. 323

Figure 355: Middle East & Africa WiMAX Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................ 323

Figure 356: Middle East & Africa Macrocell Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................ 324

Figure 357: Middle East & Africa GSM Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................ 324

Figure 358: Middle East & Africa CDMA2000 Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................. 325

Figure 359: Middle East & Africa W-CDMA Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................. 325

Figure 360: Middle East & Africa Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................................. 326

Figure 361: Middle East & Africa 3G Packet Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................. 326

Figure 362: Middle East & Africa WiMAX ASN & CSN Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................... 327

Figure 363: Middle East & Africa EPC Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................... 327

Figure 364: Middle East & Africa Home Location Register (HLR) Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................... 328

Figure 365: Middle East & Africa Mobile Switching Subsystem Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................ 328

Figure 366: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ........................................................................... 329

Figure 367: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................. 329

Figure 368: Middle East & Africa Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................................................................... 330

Figure 369: Middle East & Africa Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................... 330

Figure 370: Middle East & Africa Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................. 331

Figure 371: Middle East & Africa Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)................................................. 332

Figure 372: Middle East & Africa Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................... 332

Figure 373: Middle East & Africa Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................... 333

Figure 374: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................... 333

Figure 375: North America Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................. 334

Figure 376: North America 2G/3G vs. 4G Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................... 335

Figure 377: North America Macrocell RAN Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................... 335

Figure 378: North America Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ................................................................................................. 336

Figure 379: North America Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................. 336

Figure 380: North America GSM Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ................................................................................................ 337

Figure 381: North America GSM Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................... 337

Figure 382: North America CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 .......................................................................... 338

Figure 383: North America CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................... 338



..

Figure 384: North America W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ............................................................................... 339

Figure 385: North America W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................ 339

Figure 386: North America LTE FDD Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020........................................................................................... 340

Figure 387: North America LTE FDD Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................... 340

Figure 388: North America TD-LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ............................................................................................ 341

Figure 389: North America TD-LTE Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................... 341

Figure 390: North America WiMAX Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ........................................................................................... 342

Figure 391: North America WiMAX Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................... 342

Figure 392: North America Macrocell Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................... 343

Figure 393: North America GSM Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................. 343

Figure 394: North America CDMA2000 Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................... 344

Figure 395: North America W-CDMA Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................... 344

Figure 396: North America Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................... 345

Figure 397: North America 3G Packet Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................................... 345

Figure 398: North America WiMAX ASN & CSN Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................ 346

Figure 399: North America EPC Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................................ 346

Figure 400: North America Home Location Register (HLR) Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................... 347

Figure 401: North America Mobile Switching Subsystem Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................. 347

Figure 402: North America Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .................................................................................... 348

Figure 403: North America Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................... 348

Figure 404: North America Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................ 349

Figure 405: North America Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................... 349

Figure 406: North America Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................... 350

Figure 407: North America Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................... 351

Figure 408: North America Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................. 351

Figure 409: North America Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................... 352

Figure 410: North America Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................ 352

Figure 411: Western Europe Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million)............................................................................ 353

Figure 412: Western Europe 2G/3G vs. 4G Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................... 354

Figure 413: Western Europe Macrocell RAN Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................................... 354

Figure 414: Western Europe Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 .............................................................................................. 355

Figure 415: Western Europe Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)................................................................ 355

Figure 416: Western Europe GSM Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ............................................................................................. 356

Figure 417: Western Europe GSM Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................... 356

Figure 418: Western Europe CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ....................................................................... 357

Figure 419: Western Europe CDMA2000/EV-DO Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................. 357

Figure 420: Western Europe W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ............................................................................ 358

Figure 421: Western Europe W-CDMA/HSPA Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................... 358

Figure 422: Western Europe LTE FDD Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ........................................................................................ 359

Figure 423: Western Europe LTE FDD Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................. 359

Figure 424: Western Europe TD-LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 .......................................................................................... 360

Figure 425: Western Europe TD-LTE Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................... 360

Figure 426: Western Europe WiMAX Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2010 - 2020 ......................................................................................... 361



..

Figure 427: Western Europe WiMAX Macrocell RAN Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................... 361

Figure 428: Western Europe Macrocell Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)....................................................................... 362

Figure 429: Western Europe GSM Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................... 362

Figure 430: Western Europe CDMA2000 Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................... 363

Figure 431: Western Europe W-CDMA Base Station Controller Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................... 363

Figure 432: Western Europe Mobile Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................ 364

Figure 433: Western Europe 3G Packet Core Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million).................................................................................................... 364

Figure 434: Western Europe WiMAX ASN & CSN Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................. 365

Figure 435: Western Europe EPC Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................................................... 365

Figure 436: Western Europe Home Location Register (HLR) Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................ 366

Figure 437: Western Europe Mobile Switching Subsystem Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................. 366

Figure 438: Western Europe Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................. 367

Figure 439: Western Europe Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................... 367

Figure 440: Western Europe Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................. 368

Figure 441: Western Europe Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................. 368

Figure 442: Western Europe Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................... 369

Figure 443: Western Europe Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................................................... 370

Figure 444: Western Europe Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................... 370

Figure 445: Western Europe Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................. 371

Figure 446: Western Europe Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................. 371

Figure 447: METIS Members ................................................................................................................................................................................. 372

Figure 448: Investments in 5G R&D: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................ 375

Figure 449: METIS 5G Requirements ..................................................................................................................................................................... 376

Figure 450: SWOT Analysis of the Wireless Network Infrastructure Market ......................................................................................................... 387



..

1 Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Executive Summary

The term “Wireless Network Infrastructure” has conventionally been associated

with macrocell Radio Access Network (RAN) and mobile core network

infrastructure, which SNS Research estimates to account for nearly $52 Billion in

spending by the end of 2014.

However, the scope of the term is expanding as wireless carriers increase their

investments in Heterogeneous Network or HetNet infrastructure encompassing

WiFi, small cells, Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS), Remote Radio Heads (RRH)

and the emerging Cloud RAN concept. Driven by the promise of added capacity

and coverage with minimum investment in additional spectrum, HetNet

infrastructure is expected to account for nearly $17 Billion in spending by the end

of 2014.

While macrocell RAN spending is forecast to decline at a CAGR of 3% over the next

6 years, SNS Research estimates that the overall wireless network infrastructure

market encompassing macrocell RAN, HetNet, mobile core and backhaul

infrastructure will witness tremendous growth over the coming years. Growing at

a CAGR of over 5%, the market will account for over $104 Billion in annual

spending by the end of 2020.

Complimenting this growth would be over $1 Billion worth of annual R&D

investments on 5G mobile technology by wireless carriers, vendors and vertical



..

market players alike, in a bid to further enhance the capacity, speed and

performance of future mobile networks.

The “Wireless Network Infrastructure Bible: 2014 – 2020 - Macrocell RAN, Small

Cells, RRH, DAS, Cloud RAN, Carrier WiFi, Mobile Core & Backhaul” report

presents an in-depth assessment of 9 individual submarkets of the wireless

network infrastructure opportunity. Besides analyzing the key market drivers,

challenges, operator revenue potential, regional CapEx commitments, expert

interviews and vendor strategies, the report also presents revenue and unit

shipment forecasts for the market from 2014 to 2020 at a regional as well as a

global scale. Historical figures are also provided for 2010, 2011 and 2013.

The report comes with an associated Excel datasheet suite covering quantitative

data from over 400 numeric forecasts presented in the report.



..

1.2 Topics Covered

The report covers the following topics:

Up-to-date coverage of market dynamics allowing wireless network

infrastructure vendors to analyze the opportunities and challenges of

selling to wireless carriers in different regional markets

Analysis of demand and supply of wireless infrastructure and the

strategies of the key vendors. Research includes quantitative and

qualitative market assessments as well as the forecasts of market trends,

technology requirements and deployment strategies

Market analysis and forecasts for 9 individual submarkets and their

subcategories: macrocell Radio Access Network (RAN), mobile core,

macrocell backhaul, Remote Radio Heads (RRH), Distributed Antenna

Systems (DAS), small cell RAN, cloud RAN, small cell backhaul and carrier

WiFi

Exclusive interview transcripts from 2 of the largest wireless network

infrastructure vendors; Ericsson and Nokia Networks

Mobile network CapEx commitments per region

Mobile network subscriptions, traffic projections and service revenue by

technology and region

An assessment of 5G technology, initiatives and R&D commitments



..

1.3 Historical Revenue & Forecast Segmentation

Market forecasts and historical revenue/unit shipment figures are

provided for each of the following submarkets and their subcategories:

Macrocell RAN

Small Cell RAN

Remote Radio Heads (RRH)

Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

Cloud RAN

Carrier WiFi

Mobile Core

Macrocell Backhaul

Small Cell Backhaul

The following regional and technology markets are also covered:

- Regional Markets

Asia Pacific

Eastern Europe

Latin & Central America

Middle East & Africa

North America

Western Europe

- Technology Markets

GSM, CDMA/CDMA2000/EV-DO, W-CDMA/HSPA, LTE

FDD, TD-LTE, WiMAX & WiFi



..

1.4 Key Questions Answered

The report provides answers to the following key questions:

How is the 2G, 3G & 4G wireless infrastructure market evolving by

segment and region? What will the market size be in 2020 and at what

rate will it grow?

What trends, challenges and barriers are influencing its growth?

How will the market shape for small cell infrastructure and other HetNet

deployments such as DAS and cloud RAN?

How will WiFi fit into future mobile network architectures for access and

offload?

Who are the key vendors in the market, what is their market share and

what are their strategies?

What strategies should be adopted by wireless carriers and infrastructure

vendors to remain a dominant market force?

Which 2G, 3G & 4G technology constitutes the highest amount of

spending and how will this evolve overtime?

How will LTE deployments proceed, and how long will GSM, HSPA and

CDMA technologies co-exist with LTE?

When will WiMAX infrastructure spending diminish?

What is the global and regional outlook for each individual sub-market

including macrocell RAN, small cells, RRH, DAS, cloud RAN, carrier WiFi,

mobile core, macrocell backhaul and small cell backhaul?



..

What is the opportunity for the mobile backhaul market, and what new

backhaul solutions are evolving?

Do emerging virtualization technologies such as Network Functions

Virtualization (NFV) pose a threat to traditional wireless infrastructure

vendors?

How much will vendors and operators invest in 5G R&D?

How low is the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of a HetNet deployment in

comparison to a homogeneous macrocell only RAN network?



..

1.5 Key Findings

The report has the following key findings:

Between 2014 and 2020, the 2G, 3G & 4G wireless network infrastructure

market is expected to grow at a CAGR of nearly 5 %

Vendors are increasing their focus on profit margins. Many are already

cutting staff, embracing operational excellence, evolving their new

business models, acquiring niche businesses and expanding their

managed services offerings

New CapEx commitment avenues such as HetNet infrastructure and

virtualization will usher industry restructuring. The wireless network

infrastructure market will consolidate so as to eliminate one of the

current global players by 2020

As wireless carriers look to offload traffic from their overburdened

macrocell infrastructure, HetNet infrastructure will represent a market

worth $43 Billion in 2020

Operators will ramp up on backhaul, aggregation, transport, routing based

on IP and Ethernet technologies for offering mobile broadband services

Developing market growth will be a significant factor during the forecast

period, with China and India seeing some of the highest levels of growth,

both in terms of shipments and in the size of their installed base. After

2014, developing countries and their requirements will begin to shape

future infrastructure technologies and architectures



..

Due to the investments in a single RAN technology, future LTE

investments will cost much less than early investments of the technology

Supplemented with a drive towards virtualization, a limited amount of

hardware installation will be needed when wireless carriers upgrade to

LTE in the future

From 2016 onwards wireless carriers and vendors will spend at least $1

Billion per annum in R&D spending to drive standardization and

commercialization of 5G technology

Voice over LTE (VoLTE) subscriptions will surpass 700 Million by 2020



..

1.6 Methodology

The contents of this report have been accumulated by combining information

attained from a range of primary and secondary research sources. In addition to

analyzing official corporate announcements, policy documents, media reports,

and industry statements, SNS Research sought opinions from leading industry

players within the wireless network infrastructure market to derive an unbiased,

accurate and objective mix of market trends, forecasts and the future prospects of

the industry between 2014 and 2020.



..

1.7 Target Audience

The report targets the following audience:

Wireless carriers/Mobile Network Operators (MNOs)

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Mobile infrastructure (RAN, Core, Backhaul) OEMs

Mobile device OEMs

Chipset manufacturers

Gateway vendors

Mobile chipset OEMs

Investors

Application & software providers



..

1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned

The following companies and organizations have been reviewed, discussed or

mentioned in the report:

“R” (Spain) ECI Telecom Orange Mauritius University of Kaiserslautern

21 Vianet Group Econet Wireless Orange Moldova University of Oulu 2K Telecom Eden Rock Communications Orange Romania US Cellular 3 Austria

Edgewater Orange Slovak Republic

UTStarcom (Star Solutions)

3 Denmark EE Orange Spain Vainakh Telecom 3 HK EION Orange Switzerland VDC (VNPT) 3 Ireland Elisa Orange Uganda Velatel

3 Italia EMT Orckit Corrigent Velatel-Aerostrong

3 Sweden Emtel Osnova Telecom Verizon Wireless

365 Media EnergyAustralia Ausgrid Overture Videocon

3Roam EnGenius P&T Videotron

4ipnet Entel Movil P1 Networks Viettel

6WIND Entel PCS P4 (Play) Vimpelcom

A1 Telekom Entel Peru Pandetel VIP mobile

Aalborg University Enterasys Panhandle Telephone Co-op VIPNet

Aalto-University ERA/T-Mobile Poland PCCW Visafone Communications

Ablaze Ericsson Peoples Telephone Co-op Viva

Accedian ETC Personal Vivacell-MTS

Accelleran Etex Telephone Co-op Pioneer Cellular Vivato

Actelis EtherReach Plexxi Vivo

Actix Ethertronics Polkomtel Plus VMWare

Adams NetWorks Ethio Telecom Positron-Aktino Vodacom

ADLINK Ethos Powerwave Technologies Vodacom Tanzania

ADTRAN Etisalat Poznan University of Technology Vodafone

ADVA Etisalat Misr Proxim Vodafone Australia

Advantech Evolve Broadband PTK Centertel (Orange)

Vodafone Czech Republic

Aero2 Exalt Public Service Vodafone Egypt



..

Wireless

Aerohive ExteNet Systems Public Wireless Vodafone Fiji

Aeronet Extreme Networks PureWave Networks Vodafone Greece

Aircel FarEasTone PVT Vodafone Ireland

Aircell FastBack Networks Qualcomm Vodafone Italy

Aircom International Fastlink (Regional Telecom) QuCell Vodafone New Zealand

AirHop Communications Femtel Quortus Vodafone Portugal

Airspan FibroLAN RAD Data Systems Vodafone Qatar

Airtel Nigeria Firetide Radisys Vodafone Romania

Airvana Fitel RADWIN Vodafone Spain

AIS/DPC Thailand Fjarskipti (Vodafone Iceland) Rakon Vodafone UK

Al Madar Fortinet RCS & RDS Vox

Alaska Communications FPT Telecom Redline Communications VTel Wireless

Albis Technologies Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft REDtone Vubiq

Alcatel-Lucent Freescale Semiconductor Reliance Wataniya

Alfa Fujitsu Reverb Networks Wataniya Telecom

Algar Telecom (CTBC) Gemtek RF Window WBS (iBurst)

Algerie Telecom Genband RFNet West Central Wireless

Alpha Networks Georgia Magticom RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) Wi-Ex

Altel Glo Mobile Rogers Wireless Wi-Fi Alliance

Altera Globacom Rostelecom Wilson Electronics

Alvarion Global Mobile Ro-Timak Technology Wind

Andorra Telecom Global Wireless Technologies (GWT) Ruckus Wireless Wind Mobile

Andrew/CommScope Globe RusViet Telecom Wireless Broadband Alliance

Anite GoNet Systems RWTH Aachen Wistron NeWeb Corp (WNC)

Antares Group Goodman Networks S and R Communications Woosh

Antel Gore S&T Telephone Cooperative Xilinx

Anvaya Networks GrenTech Safaricom XL Axiata

Aptilo Guineanet Sagebrush Cellular (Nemont) Xplornet



..

Aqiva Wireless Handlink Sagem Yoigo

Aquafon Hatteras Sagemcom Yota

Argela Hitachi SAI

YTL Communications Yes

Aricent HP SAI Technology Zain

Armentel Huahuan Saima Telecom Zain Jordan

Aruba Huawei Samsung Zain Saudi

Aruba Networks Hutchison 3 Sasktel Zamtel

Asiaspace IBW International Sazz Zhone

Askey ICE Sercom Ziggo

ASOCS iConnect SerComm Zinwave

Astellia IDC Moldova SFR Zoda Fones

AT&T Mobility iDirect SGRITA ZTE Athena Wireless Communications IM2 Shentel

Atrica Imagine Group Shyam

Avanti Infovista (Mentum) Shyam Networks

Avea InnerWireless (Acquired by Black Box) Si.mobil

Aviat Networks Institut Mines-Télécom SIAE Microelectronics

Axerra Networks Intel Siemens

Axis Teknologies InterDigital Siklu

Azercell Intracom Siminn

Azerfon Intucell Systems (Acquired by Cisco) SingTel

b•lite Inwi SK Telecom

Babilon Mobile

Iowa Statewide Interoperable Communications Board (ISICSB) SK Telesys

Bakcell ip.access Sky Brazil

Bakrie Telecom IPITEK Smart Communications

Batelco Islandcom Smartone Bayan Telecommunications IT&E Guam SMARTS

BayRICS JDSU (Arieso) Smile

Beeline Juni Smoltelecom

Beeline Lao Juniper Softbank

BelAir Juniper Networks Softbank Mobile

BelCel Kcell SOLiD Technologies

Belgacom / Proximus KDDI Spectranet



..

Bell Mobility Kentrox SpeedConnect

BendBroadband Kordia SpiderCloud Wireless

BeST (Life) KPN Sprint

BH Telecom KPN Base Sprint Nextel

Bharti Airtel KPU (Alaska) Sprocket Wireless

Bhutan Telecom KT SRT Communications

Big Switch Networks KT Corp Rwanda SSTL

BigAir KTH - Royal Institute of Technology Star Microwave

BLiNQ Networks Lanka Bell Starcomms

Bluegrass Cellular Lantiq StarHub

Blueline Lattelecom STC

BluWan Leap Wireless/Cricket Stoke

BMW LG U+ Strata Networks

Bollore Telecom LightPoint Communications Strix Systems

Bouygues Telecom Lightsquared Sub10 Systems

Brazil Army LIME Sunrise Communications Brazil Sao Paulo Military Police Linkem Surfline Communications BridgeWave Communications LMT SWIFT Networks

Broadcom LSI Swisscom

Brocade LTC Sycamore

Browan M1 Syringa Wireless

BSNL Manx Telecom T Mobile

BT Mascom Wireless Tango

BTC Massnet Tango Networks

BTI Systems MAX Telecom Taqua

BTI Wireless Maxim Integrated Tarana Wireless

BTL Maxis Tata Elxsi

BUCD MaxyTel TDC

Bulgaria Vivacom Megafon TE Connectivity (Tyco Electronics Connectivity)

C Spire Wireless Menatelecom Tecom

C&S Meru Networks TEKTELIC

Cable and Wireless Mesaplexx Telcel

Cambium Networks Meteor Telco Systems Cambridge Broadband Networks (CBNL) Microwave Networks Tele2

Canoga Perkins Mid-Rivers Communications Tele2 Kazakhstan

Carolina West Wireless Milmex Tele2 Sweden



..

Carrier Access Corporation mimoOn Telecom Italia Mobile (TIM)

Cavium Mindspeed Technologies Telecom Malaysia

CBL Bahamas

Ministry of Industry, Development and Reform Commission - China Telecom New Zealand

CCS Ministry of Science - China Telefonica Movistar

Ceclcom Axiata

Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) - Korea Telefonica O2

CeedTec MiSpot Telefonica O2 Ireland

Celcite Mobile Norway/Tele2 Telefonica O2 UK

Cell C Mobily Telefonica Peru

Cellcom Mobinil Telefonica Spain CellO (Optiway and Cellvine) Mobistar Telekom Srpske

Celtro Mobitel Telenet Belgium

CenturyLink Moldcell Telenor Denmark

Ceragon Monaco Telecom Telenor Hungary

Ceragon Mongolia Telecom Telenor Montenegro Chalmers University of Technology Mosaic Telecom Telenor Norway

Chariton Valley Comms Motorola Solutions Telenor Sweden

Charles Industries Movicel Telesis

Chat Mobility Movilmax TeliaSonera

China Mobile Movilnet TeliaSonera Norway China Mobile Hong Kong Movistar TeliaSonera Sweden

China Telecom MRV Communications Telkom Mobile (8ta)

China Unicom MTA Telkomsel Indonesia

CHT MTC Tellabs

Cielo MTC Touch Telrad

Ciena M-Tel Telstra

Cisco MTN Telus City of Charlotte Council MTN Uganda Texas Energy Network

Claro MTNL Texas Instruments

Clear Mobitel MTPCS TFL

CNT MTS Thomson

Cobham/Axell Wireless MTS Allstream T-Hrvatski Telekom

Coherent Logix MTS Belarus Thumb Cellular

Colorado Valley MTS Ukraine Tigo



..

Comba Myanmar P & T Tikona

Comba Telecom National and Kapodistrian University of Athens TIM Brasil

Commnet Wireless Nawras TMC Communication Components Inc. (CCI) NBN Co. TMN (Portugal Telecom)

Contela Ncell T-Mobile Czech Republic

ConteXtream NEC T-Mobile Hungary Convergence Technologies Neo-Sky T-Mobile Macedonia

Copper Valley Telecom Neotel T-Mobile Netherlands

Corning/MobileAccess Nepal Telecom T-Mobile Puerto Rico

Cosmote NetGear T-Mobile Slovensko

COTA Murcia4G Netronome T-Mobile USA

Cross Telephone NewNet TN Mobile

Crown Castle Nexius TOT Thailand

CSI NITA TPG Internet

CSL Limited Node-H TP-Link

Custer Telephone Nokia TRaC Global

Cyan Nomadix Trango Systems

Datame Nomor Research Transmode

Datang Mobile NorthwestCell Tranzeo

DBD Nova Triatel

Dedicado Nokia Networks Tricom

DeltaNode nTelos Tropos

Deutsche Telekom nTelos Wireless True Move

Dhiraagu NTT DoCoMo TSKL Dialog Axiata LTE TDD later FDD

Nuage Networks (Alcatel-Lucent) TTK

Dialogic O2 Secure Wireless Tunisiana

DiGi Octasic Turkcell

Digicel Oi U Mobile

Digicel Fiji Omantel UbeeAirWalk

Digitel Omnitel Ubidyne GmBH

Digitel Jamaica On Telecomunicacoes Ubiquisys

Dish Network ONE Ubiquiti Networks

D-Link Ooredoo u-blox

DNA Open Mobile UCell

DOCOMO Euro-Labs Optimus UK Broadband

DoCoMo Pacific Optiway Ulusnet

DragonWave Optus Umniah



..

DTAC – TriNet Orange Armenia Une-EPM

Du Orange Austria United Nations

E Plus Orange Dominicana United Wireless

eAccess Orange France Unitel

Eastlink Orange Liechtenstein Universitaet Bremen E-Band Communications Orange Luxembourg Universitat Politècnica de València



..

Copyright SNS Research Ltd, 2014. All rights reserved.

This material is subject to the laws of copyright and is restricted to registered

license-holders who have entered into a Corporate, a Multi-User or a Single-User

license agreement with SNS Research Ltd. It is an offence for the license-holder to

make the material available to any unauthorized person, either via e-mail

messaging or by placing it on a network.

All SNS research reports & databases are intended to provide general information

and strategic insights only, and they do not constitute, nor are they intended to

constitute, investment advice. SNS Research and its employees disclaim all and

any guarantees, undertakings and warranties, whether expressed or implied, and

shall not be liable for any loss or damage whatsoever, and whether foreseeable

or not, arising out of, or in connection with, any use of or reliance on any

information, statements, opinions, estimates or forecasts contained in the

reports.



..

2 Chapter 2: An Overview of Wireless Network

Infrastructure

This chapter presents an overview of wireless network infrastructure.

2.1 What is the Wireless Network Infrastructure Market?

Wireless network infrastructure represents the backbone of all cellular

communication networks worldwide. Traditionally restricted to define the

macrocell RAN and core network equipment markets, the term “Wireless Network

Infrastructure” now entails a multitude of technologies that are utilized to bring a

wireless carrier network into operation.

Figure 1: Subsegments of the Wireless Network Infrastructure Market

Source: SNS Research

Radio Access

Networks

Mobile Core

Mobile Backhaul

Macrocell RAN HetNet RAN: Small cells,

WiFi, DAS and Cloud RAN



..

Page 61

2.6 HetNet RAN Market for 2G/3G/4G

In additional to macrocell infrastructure, there are also other options to add

additional coverage and capacity to a mobile network. The most common

alternatives include strategically deployed small cells and WiFi access points,

which have so far been deployed by more than 150 operators worldwide.

Often marketed under the “HetNet” RAN infrastructure banner, other options

include alternative deployment models such as Distributed Antenna Systems

(DAS) and the emerging Cloud RAN architecture which concentrates the

processing of the RAN segment of a mobile network in one or more, centralized

data centers.

Technology RAN components Small Cells

Femtocells

Picocells Microcells

DAS

Antenna Nodes Distribution Network Infrastructure

Cloud RAN Remote Radio Heads (RRH) Baseband Pooling Infrastructure

WiFi Access Points Access Point Controllers

Figure 8: HetNet RAN Component Segmentation by Technology




..

Page 79

Driven by these aggressive demands, mobile broadband is expected to be the

fastest growing segment of the mobile industry. We estimate that between 2014

and 2020, worldwide mobile broadband revenue is set to grow by $590 Billion

Figure 21: Global Mobile Broadband & Voice Service Revenue Compared: 2010 –

2020 ($ Billion)


As one of the most aggressive adopters of advanced technology, South Korea has

already surpassed a 100% penetration rate in terms of mobile broadband

availability. We believe other countries to follow suit at their own pace, which will

ensure continued infrastructure investments.

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

$900

$1,000 Voice

Mobile Broadband

compared to a $230 Billion decline in voice revenue over the same period.



..

Page 82

3.1.5 Interest from Vertical Markets

Unlike traditional voice centric technologies, both WiMAX and LTE have witnessed

considerable interest from vertical sectors such as public safety, healthcare,

energy, transportation and defense, driven by their interest in mobile broadband

applications. We, thus expect that vertical markets to play a role in ongoing LTE

investments. In fact, the public safety sector has already witnessed a number of

private LTE deployments to serve public safety agencies. We expect public safety

LTE infrastructure spending to surpass $5 Billion by the end of 2020.

Figure 24: Private Public Safety LTE Infrastructure Spending: 2010 – 2020 ($

Million)


$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000



..

Page 84

option for terminate this situation is by investing in advanced infrastructure that

offers a much reduced TCO than current infrastructure deployments.

Considering both OpEx1 and CapEx2 factors into account, SNS Research estimates

that a HetNet approach which considers a combination of LTE macrocells, small

cells and carrier WiFi access points is the most viable option, with its TCO nearly

44% lower than that of a standard LTE macrocell deployment as indicated in the

table below.

Technology TCO ($ Cost per GB)

2G Macrocells $3.55

3G (W-CDMA) Macrocells $1.83

HSPA+ Macrocells $0.95

LTE Macrocells $0.67

HetNet Combined with LTE Macrocells $0.38

Figure 26: TCO Comparison for 2G, 3G, LTE and HetNet Deployments ($ per GB)


3.1.7 Replacement of TDM with Ethernet: Continued Growth in Backhaul

LTE networks and ongoing HetNet deployments are expected to demand much

greater backhaul capacity than traditional TDM infrastructure can manage. This is

likely to drive backhaul investments, particularly in carrier Ethernet and high-

capacity microwave links which will benefit operators in the long term.

1 Electricity, operations, maintenance, site rent and transmission

2 Acquisition, planning, site support, civil works and base station



..

Page 94

4 Chapter 4: Mobile Network CapEx Review

This chapter reviews the CapEx commitments of mobile network operators

worldwide.

4.1 Global Mobile Network CapEx

Global mobile network CapEx is expected to increase from nearly $170 Billion in

2014 to $203 Billion in 2020, growing at a CAGR of 3%. As macrocell RAN

infrastructure spending will decline overtime, operators will invest significant

proportions of their CapEx towards HetNet infrastructure and emerging

technologies such as NFV & SDN software and the required infrastructure to run

these.

Figure 28: Global Mobile Network CapEx: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion)


$0

$50,000

$100,000

$150,000

$200,000

$250,000



..

Page 131

6 Chapter 6: Industry Roadmap & Value Chain

In this Chapter we review the industry roadmap and value chain for the wireless

network infrastructure market.

6.1 Industry Roadmap

Discussed below is the roadmap of the wireless network infrastructure market

from 2010 till 2020.

Figure 85: The Wireless Network Infrastructure Industry Roadmap: 2014 - 2020


6.1.1 Initial LTE FDD Rollouts: 2010 - 2011

This period saw significant investments in macrocell FDD LTE infrastructure, with

several nationwide rollouts of the technology by tier 1 operators in the US, South

Korea and Japan. A lower TCO and a move towards a more widely recognized

3GPP ecosystem was a major motive for many of the early LTE adopters (most

were primarily CDMA operators).

Initial FDD

LTE

Deployment

s

Rise of the

HetNet

Ecosystem

A Wave of

TD-LTE

Deployments

Moving Towards

“Software Centric” Networking”

Start of the

5G Era

2010 - 2012 2013 - 2014 2014 - 2016 2017 - 2019 2020 - Beyond



..

Page 163

8.3 Ericsson

Headquartered in Sweden, Ericsson is a long-standing leader in the wireless

network infrastructure market. The company derives its competitive advantage

over other European, American and Asian rivals through economies of scale and

customer loyalty.

Ericsson has succeeded in cross selling and up selling to its existing customers,

many of which have selected Ericsson as a trusted managed service provider as

well.

8.3.1 Portfolio

The company's portfolio comprises wireless network infrastructure5, managed

services, software, broadband and multimedia solutions for operators, enterprises

and the media industry. It also has one of the strongest patent portfolios in the

industry with over 35,000 granted patents6 covering 2G, 3G and 4G mobile

communication technologies.

Ericsson’s RBS6000 remains its flagship product. The RBS6000 is a multi-standard

radio base station which can run GSM/EDGE, W-CDMA/HSPA and LTE

technologies in the same unit, using different frequency spectrum bands. The

platform takes up 25 percent less space and reduces power consumption by up to

65 percent compared to predecessor products, making it an attractive proposition

for operators wanting to reduce their OpEx.

5 Including macrocells, mobile core, small cells, radio heads and backhaul

6 as of Q3’2014



..

Page 164

Ericsson also maintains a strong base of carrier WiFi products, which it gained

throught its acquisition of BelAir Networks in 2012. The vendors portfolio of WiFi

products includes indoor and outdoor WiFi access points, as well as control and

management solutions.

In terms of small cell technology, although the Ericsson’s RBS series of products

support picocell and microcell deployments, the vendor has remained reluctant to

invest in femtocells. It is instead focusing on alternative solutions for indoor

coverage.

Ericsson unveiled its “Radio Dot” small cell product in Q3’2013 that is designed to

provide indoor coverage, while lowering TCO7. The 10 cm wide aesthetically

designed product houses a very small antenna and runs the same software as

Ericsson’s macrocell RAN products. It connects within buildings via standard LAN

cables to a radio unit that then connects to a marocell base station. The product

has a number of trials underway with wireless carriers worldwide including

Vodafone, Verizon Wireless, SoftBank Mobile, MTN, Swisscom, SingTel and

Telstra.

8.3.2 Strategy

Ericsson has been targeting operators focused on mobile broadband coverage

build outs. The company implemented its strategy to capture new market share in

the network modernization projects in Europe, despite their initial lower margins.

7 Ericsson claims that the deployments costs of Radio Dot are 70% lower than DAS



..

Page 179

9 Chapter 9: Global Market Analysis & Forecasts

This chapter reviews the global wireless network infrastructure market from a

quantitative perspective.

9.1 Market Definition

Our definition of the wireless infrastructure market includes vendor/OEM

revenues from the sales of marocell RAN, small cell RAN, RRH, DAS, cloud RAN,

carrier WiFi, mobile core & backhaul infrastructure.

It does not include the revenues from the services associated with these

technologies or expenditures on software upgrades and maintenance, as well as

capital spending on site procurement. The following sections provide a forecast of

infrastructure revenues by generation, technology, equipment type and region

from 2010 till 2020.

9.2 Decomposing the Global Wireless Network

Infrastructure Market

SNS Research recognizes 9 individual submarkets that comprise the global

wireless network infrastructure market. These submarkets account for

consolidated annual revenue spend of $80 Billion, which is forecast to grow to

nearly $105 Billion by the end of 2020, following a CAGR of nearly 5% over the

next 6 years.



..

Page 180

Figure 106: Global Wireless Network Infrastructure Revenue by Submarket: 2010

– 2020 ($ Million)


At present the macrocell RAN segment of the market accounts for the highest

percentage of revenue at nearly 54%. However, as operators explore more cost

effective options to address future expansion RAN coverage and capacity, we

expect a shift in investments towards small cells, carrier WiFi, DAS, RRH and cloud

RAN infrastructure. By 2020, these 5 segments will account for nearly 42% of all

wireless network infrastructures spending, up from merely 20% in 2014.

$0

$20,000

$40,000

$60,000

$80,000

$100,000

$120,000 Small Cell Backhaul

Macrocell Backhaul

Mobile Core, HLR & HSS

Carrier WiFi

Cloud RAN

Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

Remote Radio Head (RRH)

Small Cell RAN

Macrocell RAN



..

Page 372

11 Chapter 11: Prospects of the 5G Market

This chapter presents an assessment of technology development, requirements

and current investments for the 5G market.

11.1 5G Standardization and Research Initiatives

Several initiatives are underway which aim to set requirements and drive

development for 5G technology. Some of the key initiatives are discussed below:

11.1.1 METIS

METIS which stands for Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the

Twenty-twenty Information Society is a European Commission co-funded

integrated project under the Seventh Framework Program for research and

development (FP7). The project was first announced in Q4’2012. METIS is a

consortium of partners coordinated by Ericsson.

Ericsson Institut Mines-Télécom Aalborg University KTH - Royal Institute of Technology Aalto-University National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Alcatel Lucent NOKIA Oyj BMW Nokia Networks Chalmers University of Technology University of Oulu Deutsche Telekom Poznan University of Technology DOCOMO Euro-Labs RWTH Aachen NTT Docomo Telecom Italia Anite Telefónica France Telecom SA Universitaet Bremen Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft University of Kaiserslautern Huawei Universitat Politècnica de València

Figure 447: METIS Members

Source: METIS

the wireless network infrastructure bible: 2014 t · the wireless network infrastructure bible:...

Documents