Name:_____________________________________________

Teacher:___________________________________________

Urban Issues and ChallengesRevision Booklet

Paper 2Question 1

Wednesday 5th June 2019

Use the revision guide to help you complete the booklet and revise.

Not all the answers will be in the guide. You will have to use your class notes to help you.

Useful Websites

https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/examspecs/zy3ptyc

http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/

https://geographycat.co.uk/revision-section

https://www.internetgeography.net/

https://thekingsschoolgeography.wordpress.com/category/year-11/

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Case Studies

Mumbai, India

Dharavi, Mumbai

Dharavi slum improvements

Leeds/London

South bank, Leeds/ Olympic Park, London

Command WordsAssess Make an informed judgement.Calculate Work out the value of something.Compare Identify similarities and differences.Complete Finish the task by adding given information.Describe Set out characteristics.Discuss Present key points about different ideas or strengths and

weaknesses of an idea.Evaluate Judge from available evidence.Explain Set out purposes or reasons.Give Produce an answer from recall.Identify Name or otherwise characterise.Justify Support a case with evidence.Outline Set out main characteristics.State Express in clear terms.Suggest Present a possible case.To what extent Judge the importance or success of (strategy, scheme,

project).Use evidence to support this statement

To select and present information to prove or disprove something

Key Terms

Brownfield site Traffic congestionDereliction Urban greeningEconomic opportunities UrbanisationGreenfield site Urban regenerationInequalities Urban sprawlIntegrated transport system Waste recyclingMegacityMigrationNatural IncreasePollutionRural-urban fringeSanitationSocial deprivationSocial opportunitiesSustainable urban living

Urbanisation is _________________________________________________________3

_____________________________________________________________________Causes of urbanisationNatural increase: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Rural-urban migration: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Explain why the rate of urbanisation is lower in high income countries.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A megacity is __________________________________________________________

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Exam Practice1. Complete the following paragraph to

describe the changes shown by the maps 2015 – 2030.

Choose the three correct answers from this list: Africa, South America, Australasia, Southern Asia, half, one, two, four

[3 marks] The greatest increase in the number of megacities is in ______________. There are no new megacities in__________ of the continents on the 2030 map. The continent of ______________ shows a 100% growth in number of megacities between 2015 and 2030.

2. Which term is best defined by the phrase, ‘the increasing percentage of the population living in towns and cities’? (1 mark)

3. Complete the following paragraph to describe the changes shown in Figure 1.

Choose the three correct answers from this list: HICs, doubled, NEEs, slow down, trebled, speed up

The smallest increase in percentage of urban population between 1950–2050 is expected to be in _______________________. From 2020 the rate of increase is expected to _____________________ in NEEs. Between 2000 and 2050, lower income countries are projected to have almost ________________________ in the percentage living in urban areas. [3 marks]Mumbai, India – Case study of a major city in a LIC or NEE

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Why is Mumbai important? – Colour code the points in the text to show why it is important regionally, nationally and globally.Mumbai is the largest city in India and the fourth largest city in the world (population 20.5 million). It is the commercial capital of India and a global financial hub. It has been the main seaport in the Arabian Sea since the opening of the Suez Canal. This means that many goods that are produced in India and the surrounding region, can be transported around the world via Mumbai.The city is home to Bollywood (the world’s most prolific film industry), Tata Steel and is also one of the world’s most important financial centres.

Regional National Global

Population growthDescribe the population growth in Mumbai between 1971 and 2011._____________________________________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Causes of population growth1. Migration -

________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Natural increase - __________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

How urban growth has created social and economic opportunities in Mumbai

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Complete the spider diagram.

How urban growth has created challenges in MumbaiExplain why each of the points below can be a challenge in a rapidly growing city like Mumbai.Housing: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Clean water and sanitation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Services (health/education): _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Employment: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Waste Disposal: _________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Water/Air Pollution: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Traffic Congestion: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Dharavi Slums, MumbaiKey facts/points about life in Dharavi

Dharavi slum improvements – An example of how urban planning is improving the quality of life for the urban poorComplete the annotations by adding the positive and negative impacts of the changes

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Exam Practice1. Suggest one opportunity for people shown

in Figure 3. (2 marks________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Use a case study of a city in a LIC or NEE to suggest why managing traffic congestion and air pollution may be challenging.

(6 marks)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an urban planning strategy in helping to improve the quality of life for the urban poor.Use an example of a city in a lower income country (LIC) or newly emerging economy (NEE).

[9 marks][+ 3 SPaG marks]

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

UK Population overviewLabel the major UK cities onto the map: London, Leeds, Newcastle upon Tyne, Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, Edinburgh Glasgow, Cardiff, and Belfast

Describe the population distribution of the UK._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Leeds/London: A case study of a major UK cityWhy is the city important to the UK? Why is the city important globally?

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Impacts of migration on the city

National International

How has urban change created opportunities?Social and economic opportunitiesCultural mix Recreations &

entertainmentEmployment Integrated

transport system

Environmental opportunitiesUrban Greening is ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________It is needed in the city because ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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How has urban change has created challenges?

Exam Practice1. Calculate the range in life expectancy

shown in Figure 4. (1 mark)13

________________________________________________________2. Using Figure 4 and your own understanding, suggest why there are inequalities in

health in urban areas. (4 marks)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Outline one way that international migration has led to change in the character of a

named UK city. (2 marks)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. Outline one way that national migration has led to change in the character of a

named UK city. (2 marks)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. To what extent has urban change created opportunities in a UK city you have

studied? [9 marks]

[+ 3 SPaG marks]_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Olympic Park, London – An example of urban regenerationWhy did the area need to be regenerated?

Colour code the information about the project below to show the positives and negatives. Then categorise into social, economic and environmental.

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The athletes’ village has been relaunched as a housing estate called the East Village, the rooms have had kitchens added and walls knocked through. Almost half of these 2,818 new homes (40%) will be affordable.

Many of the grounds in the Olympic Park have been kept as parkland and are open to the public for use as a picnicking and play area. New green spaces and wildlife habitats were created, including ponds, woodlands, and artificial otter holes

The Olympics brought more than £9bn of investment to east London, much of which went into transport. Lloyds TSB estimated that the Olympics will generate £10 billion in extra income for the UK economy

During the construction of the Olympics, very few jobs were created for local people. There are still high levels of unemployment in the borough and it was a missed opportunity to train people up for work.

The aquatics centre now uses its 50m pools as facilities for the community and schools, as well as elite athletes.

Existing businesses had to move, including H. Forman and Sons, a salmon-smoking factory with 50 employees

Properties for poorer people had to be demolished to make way for the site

Stratford got a Tube station to help connect the area to the rest of London

The games produced 3.3 million tons of CO2

Many of the materials for the stadiums and the Olympic Park came from overseas

The Olympics has helped schools in the area – there was a shortage of spaces but a new school opened in the grounds of the park.

The Olympic Site was built largely on 560 acres of brownfield land, property that had been neglected, unused, and contaminated.

The Olympic stadium is estimated to have cost £701 million pounds, almost 3 times the original estimate (source).  This angered many local people.

Anne Power at the London School of Economics said “The ‘affordable rents’ for the 2,800 new homes will be unaffordable to Newham’s poorest households.”

Unemployment OVERALL fell across London during the Olympic period

Rents and property prices have gone up as a result of the Games

Positive

Negative Social Economi

cEnvironmental

Sustainable Urban Living

Sustainable urban living is _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Feature Example How it is sustainableWater conservation

Duel flush toilets, collecting rainwater, water meters

Energy conservation

Renewable energy, insulation, triple glazing, low energy lighting/appliances

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Waste recycling

Recycling points

Creating green space

Increasing number of parks, planting trees

Sustainable urban transport strategies to reduce traffic congestionGive 2 reasons why there are more cars on the roads now:

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

Outline what can be done in urban areas to reduce traffic and the effects of traffic:Rapid transit

schemesPark and ride Cycle routes Bus lanes Pedestrianisatio

nWhat is it? What is it? What is it? What is it? What is it?

How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?

How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?

How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?

How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?

How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?

Exam Practice

1. Explain one economic problem caused by traffic congestion. (2 marks)

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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Using Figure 3 and your own

knowledge, explain how urban regeneration projects can reduce levels of urban deprivation.

(6 marks)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an urban regeneration project you have studied.

[9 marks] [+ 3 SPaG marks]

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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